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Preparing the structured Flagship evidence library.
Research Intelligence
A structured research view of the attributable studies in the completed Flagship Batch 1 review set. Candidate records without defensible peptide attribution are excluded from public Flagship intelligence.
What this library is, and is not
This is a curated initial corpus of 50 reviewed candidates — not all peptide literature, and not a systematic review of a field. 46 are publicly attributable and shown here.
4 candidates are withheld because their attribution to a specific peptide is unresolved. Quarantine preserves those records in full — nothing is deleted — and they return to public view only if a human review resolves the attribution.
Registry coverage is not evidence-publication coverage. A peptide can be a governed registry identity while no study here is attributable to it, and a zero means no eligible represented record under the stated policy, not that no research exists.
Corpus: Flagship Batch 1 review set · counts derived from the reviewed corpus at build time.
This research library contains structured AI-assisted scientific review. AI-assisted review is not accountable human scientific approval. Inclusion here does not constitute publication approval, clinical guidance, efficacy proof, or automatic promotion of a scientific conclusion.
Public research atlases
These screening registries organize discoverable publications by research purpose and proposed evidence tier. Machine ranking is not human scientific approval, and investigational status remains visible.
300 ranked records
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500 ranked records from 2,505 discoverable publications
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186 ranked records from 186 discoverable publications
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500 ranked records from 5,633 discoverable publications
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500 ranked records from 4,879 discoverable publications
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500 ranked records from 1,293 discoverable publications
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220 ranked records from 220 discoverable publications
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104 ranked records from 104 discoverable publications
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118 ranked records from 118 discoverable publications
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51 ranked records from 51 discoverable publications
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500 screening records
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500 screening records
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224 screening records
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304 screening records
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53 screening records
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Semaglutide · PMID 40353578
Mean weight change at week 72 was -13.7% with semaglutide and -20.2% with tirzepatide.
Semaglutide · PMID 33667417
Mean body-weight change was -9.6% with semaglutide 2.4 mg versus -3.4% with placebo.
Semaglutide · PMID 35441470
Participants previously receiving semaglutide regained 11.6 percentage points of lost weight by week 120.
Semaglutide · PMID 33567185
Mean body-weight change at week 68 was -14.9% with semaglutide versus -2.4% with placebo.
Semaglutide · PMID 36578889
The pooled mean difference in weight reduction was -11.85% in favor of semaglutide versus placebo.
Semaglutide · PMID 31031702
The review describes albumin-binding strategies used to prolong liraglutide and semaglutide action.
Tirzepatide · PMID 41406444
Primary cardiovascular events occurred in 12.2% of the tirzepatide group and 13.1% of the dulaglutide group.
Tirzepatide · PMID 39536238
At 176 weeks, mean weight changes were -12.3%, -18.7%, and -19.7% with tirzepatide 5, 10, and 15 mg, respectively, versus -1.3% with placebo.
Tirzepatide · PMID 38912654
Estimated treatment differences in AHI were -20.0 events per hour in trial 1 and -23.8 events per hour in trial 2 versus placebo.
Tirzepatide · PMID 35658024
Mean weight change at week 72 was -15.0%, -19.5%, and -20.9% with tirzepatide 5, 10, and 15 mg versus -3.1% with placebo.
Tirzepatide · PMID 38613667
In between-drug comparisons, tirzepatide 15 mg, 10 mg and 5 mg demonstrated greater efficacy than semaglutide 2.0 mg, 1.0 mg and 0.5 mg, respectively.
Tirzepatide · PMID 38976257
On-treatment weight change in a propensity score-matched population, assessed as hazard of achieving 5% or greater, 10% or greater, and 15% or greater weight loss, and percentage change in weight at 3, 6, and 12 months.
Retatrutide · PMID 40563436
Retatrutide's unique molecular structure enables potent activation of GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors, leading to significant weight reduction, improved glycemic control, and favorable metabolic outcomes.
Retatrutide · PMID 37366315
We conducted a phase 2, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving adults who had a body-mass index (BMI, the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) of 30 or higher or who had a BMI of 27 to less than 30 plus at least one weight-related condition.
Retatrutide · PMID 41090431
Retatrutide · PMID 39952695
The obesity drug pipeline is expanding rapidly, with the most promising results reported with incretin analogs.
Retatrutide · PMID 38843460
Rapid progress in development of highly efficacious GLP-1 medicines, and anticipated differentiation of newer agents in subsets of metabolic disorders, will provide greater opportunities for use of personalized medicine approaches to improve the health of people living with cardiometabolic disorders.
Retatrutide · PMID 39761578
Retatrutide (12 mg once weekly) produced greater weight loss of up to 22.1% (CI, 19.3% to 24.9%) after 48 weeks; other novel single and combination GLP-1 agents were also efficacious to varying degrees.
Liraglutide · PMID 39258838
At week 56, the mean percentage change from baseline in BMI was -5.8% with liraglutide and 1.6% with placebo, representing an estimated difference of -7.4 percentage points (95% confidence interval [CI], -11.6 to -3.2; P<0.001).
Liraglutide · PMID 35015037
Randomized, open-label, 68-week, phase 3b trial conducted at 19 US sites from September 2019 (enrollment: September 11-November 26) to May 2021 (end of follow-up: May 11) in adults with body mass index of 30 or greater or 27 or greater with 1 or more weight-related comorbidities, without diabetes (N = 338).
Liraglutide · PMID 27295427
The primary hypothesis was that liraglutide would be noninferior to placebo with regard to the primary outcome, with a margin of 1.30 for the upper boundary of the 95% confidence interval of the hazard ratio.
Liraglutide · PMID 26132939
At week 56, patients in the liraglutide group had lost a mean of 8.4±7.3 kg of body weight, and those in the placebo group had lost a mean of 2.8±6.5 kg (a difference of -5.6 kg; 95% confidence interval, -6.0 to -5.1; P<0.001, with last-observation-carried-forward imputation).
Dulaglutide · PMID 31189511
During a median follow-up of 5·4 years (IQR 5·1-5·9), the primary composite outcome occurred in 594 (12·0%) participants at an incidence rate of 2·4 per 100 person-years in the dulaglutide group and in 663 (13·4%) participants at an incidence rate of 2·7 per 100 person-years in the placebo group (hazard ratio [HR] 0·88, 95% CI 0·79-0·99; p=0·026).
Dulaglutide · PMID 37758044
The primary analysis is noninferiority for time to first MACE of tirzepatide vs dulaglutide by demonstrating an upper confidence limit <1.05, which will also confirm superiority vs a putative placebo, and also to determine whether tirzepatide produces a greater CV benefit than dulaglutide (superiority analysis).
Dulaglutide · PMID 30473097
Doses higher than 5 mg were attained by titration, dulaglutide (DU) was used as a positive control.
Dulaglutide · PMID 37385280
HbA 1c reductions with retatrutide were significantly greater (p<0·0001) than placebo in all but the 0·5 mg group and greater than 1·5 mg dulaglutide in the 8 mg slow escalation group (p=0·0019) and 12 mg escalation group (p=0·0002).
Dulaglutide · PMID 37531876
French national health care insurance system database has suggested 1-3 years use of glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA) (exenatide, liraglutide and dulaglutide) may be linked with increased occurrence of thyroid cancer.
Dulaglutide · PMID 37908750
When compared to all control groups consisting of basal insulin (glargine or degludec), selective GLP1-RA (dulaglutide or semaglutide once weekly), and placebo, an increased risk of pancreatitis was not found to be significantly associated with tirzepatide (RR 1.46, [95% CI] 0.59 to 3.61; I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.436).
Exenatide · PMID 29246950
Mean HbA 1c (8.3% [67.7 mmol/mol] at baseline) was reduced by 1.5% (16.8 mmol/mol) with semaglutide and 0.9% (10.0 mmol/mol) with exenatide ER (estimated treatment difference vs. exenatide ER [ETD] -0.62% [95% CI -0.80, -0.44] [-6.78 mmol/mol (95% CI -8.70, -4.86)]; P P 1c <7.0% (<53 mmol/mol) versus those taking exenatide ER (40%).
Exenatide · PMID 36066977
In addition, dopamine transporter availability was lower in the exenatide group compared with the placebo group.
Exenatide · PMID 28910237
A primary composite outcome event occurred in 839 of 7356 patients (11.4%; 3.7 events per 100 person-years) in the exenatide group and in 905 of 7396 patients (12.2%; 4.0 events per 100 person-years) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 1.00), with the intention-to-treat analysis indicating that exenatide, administered once weekly, was noninferior to placebo with respect to safety (P<0.001 for noninferiority) but was not superior to placebo with respect to efficacy (P=0.06 for superiority).
Exenatide · PMID 28781108
At 60 weeks, off-medication scores on part 3 of the MDS-UPDRS had improved by 1·0 points (95% CI -2·6 to 0·7) in the exenatide group and worsened by 2·1 points (-0·6 to 4·8) in the placebo group, an adjusted mean difference of -3·5 points (-6·7 to -0·3; p=0·0318).
Exenatide · PMID 17931093
It mirrors many of the effects of GLP-1, improving glycaemic control through a combination of mechanisms, which include glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion, suppression of glucagon secretion, slowing of gastric emptying and reduced appetite.
Exenatide · PMID 16341288
Exenatide mirrors many of the effects of GLP-1, improving glycemic control through a combination of mechanisms, which include glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion, suppression of glucagon secretion, slowing of gastric emptying, reduced appetite and enhanced beta-cell function.
Pramlintide · PMID 39998445
Pramlintide · PMID 38338796
Pramlintide · PMID 26071095
Pramlintide · PMID 41708975
Pramlintide · PMID 25590213
Weight gain was associated with the use of amitriptyline (1.8 kg), mirtazapine (1.5 kg), olanzapine (2.4 kg), quetiapine (1.1 kg), risperidone (0.8 kg), gabapentin (2.2 kg), tolbutamide (2.8 kg), pioglitazone (2.6 kg), glimepiride (2.1 kg), gliclazide (1.8 kg), glyburide (2.6 kg), glipizide (2.2 kg), sitagliptin (0.55 kg), and nateglinide (0.3 kg).
Pramlintide · PMID 40360789
Ghrelin · PMID 37040196
Temporal discounting rates of monetary reward were lower overall in the ghrelin condition, an effect driven by women.
Ghrelin · PMID 15583226
Total sleep deprivation in rodents and in humans has been associated with hyperphagia.
Ghrelin · PMID 17212793
In obese subjects the circulating level of the anorexigenic hormone leptin is increased, whereas surprisingly, the level of the orexigenic hormone ghrelin is decreased.
Ghrelin · PMID 38007666
In contrast, further in vitro and in vivo results show that agonist-mediated overstimulation potentiates GHSR desensitization through enhanced GHSR internalization.
Ghrelin · PMID 24049065
Carbetocin · PMID 39764811
First-line uterotonics comprise oxytocin and carbetocin, which act on the oxytocin receptor, and recent research has shown that lower doses of first-line uterotonics can be used to adequate effect.