Elamipretide

World Peptide Foundation

Where is Elamipretide being studied?

Find registered human studies, phases, products, recruitment status and reported research locations around the world. Registry search matches are separate from this profile’s reviewed evidence.

Find studies for Elamipretide →Worldwide registry directory

Scientific intelligence record

Experience 2.0

Mitochondria-targeting peptide

Mitochondria-targeting aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide that interacts with cardiolipin; evidence is separated by disease and endpoint.

Record status

Traceability partial

Last meaningful update: 9/20/2026

Evidence searched through:: Not recorded
Assessment updated:: 9/20/2026
Documented human review:: No documented human review recorded
Automated scientific assessment:: None recorded
AI source check:: None recorded

Published source links and profile text pass separate gates. Only a documented human review is labelled as human review; an automated scientific assessment applies deterministic checks, and an AI source check confirms only that a source exists and matches its identifiers. A source count alone does not establish a review.

Evidence coverage has three distinct layers. The corpus count is a transparent screening inventory, the featured set contains study-level tiering and interpretation, and the published-source count contains records promoted through the institutional publication workflow. Source validation, editorial publication, and scientific appraisal are separate decisions; these numbers must not be merged.

Ranked research corpus

304

Categorized publications with provisional ranking; scientific review remains separate.

Featured tiered studies

Cornerstone publications with study-level interpretation, limitations, and tier disclosure.

Research domains

Clinical and scientific questions synthesized independently across the evidence atlas.

Published source records

Database records promoted through the governed publication workflow—not the corpus total.

Corpus generated 2026-09-18. Counts remain separately labeled so screening is not represented as completed review.

Human experience · separate evidence stream

No community pattern is displayed yet

Eligible observations remain below the privacy and reliability threshold. WPF will not convert a handful of reports into a percentage, trend, or clinical claim.

Observation is valuable human context. It is not evidence of causation, efficacy, or safety.

Public display gate

n ≥ 20 eligible observations

Exact progress remains private before the threshold.

Contribute an observation Archive details

Intelligence snapshot

The state of the record

A compact view of what is represented, what remains unresolved, and how completely the record can be traced.

Ranked research corpus

304

Categorized screening records; proposed rankings remain pending human appraisal.

Featured tiered studies

Cornerstone studies with published study-level interpretation and tier disclosure.

Research domains

Independent evidence dossiers covering the major research questions.

Published source records

Source records published through the governed workflow; this count does not certify scientific conclusions.

Contradictions

Conflicting evidence relationships that remain visible.

Research gaps

Questions the current record identifies as unresolved.

Connected media

Media records explicitly linked to this scientific record.

What we know

Evidence, claims, and boundaries

The project separates represented evidence from qualification, contradiction, uncertainty, and what the evidence does not establish.

Reconciled domain conclusions

6 published domain syntheses connected to 0 featured studies

Elamipretide no longer relies on the legacy “no public claim” state. Each research domain publishes a bounded synthesis, confidence level, evidence context, limitations, geographic applicability, regulatory interpretation, and research gaps. Publication of these syntheses is separate from the scientific review status shown above.

Inspect the reconciled evidence atlas

Inspect the published evidence record26 governed records · titles, provenance, and original-source linksOpen records ↓

2024Phase 3 human evidence

Genotype-specific effects of elamipretide in patients with primary mitochondrial myopathy: a post hoc analysis of the MMPOWER-3 trial.

PubMed-indexed journal article; randomized controlled trial; clinical trial, phase iii; research support, n.i.h., extramural; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining genotype-specific effects of elamipretide in patients with primary mitochondrial myopathy: a post hoc analysis of the mmpower-3 trial. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors: Amel Karaa; Enrico Bertini; Valerio Carelli; Bruce Cohen; Gregory M Ennes; Marni J Falk; Amy Goldstein; Gráinne Gorman; Richard Haas; Michio Hirano; Thomas Klopstock; Mary Kay Koenig
Source: Orphanet journal of rare diseases
DOI: 10.1002/crt2.41
PubMed: 39574155

Open original source

2023Phase 3 human evidence

Efficacy and Safety of Elamipretide in Individuals With Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy: The MMPOWER-3 Randomized Clinical Trial.

PubMed-indexed randomized controlled trial; clinical trial, phase iii; journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining efficacy and safety of elamipretide in individuals with primary mitochondrial myopathy: the mmpower-3 randomized clinical trial. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors: Amel Karaa; Enrico Bertini; Valerio Carelli; Bruce H Cohen; Gregory M Enns; Marni J Falk; Amy Goldstein; Gráinne Siobhan Gorman; Richard Haas; Michio Hirano; Thomas Klopstock; Mary Kay Koenig
Source: Neurology
DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.20.20235580
PubMed: 37268435

Open original source

2024Phase 3 human evidence

Effect of Aficamten on Health Status Outcomes in Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Results From SEQUOIA-HCM.

PubMed-indexed journal article; randomized controlled trial; clinical trial, phase iii; multicenter study examining effect of aficamten on health status outcomes in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: results from sequoia-hcm. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors: Charles F Sherrod; Sara Saberi; Michael E Nassif; Brian L Claggett; Caroline J Coats; Pablo Garcia-Pavia; James L Januzzi; Gregory D Lewis; Changsheng Ma; Martin S Maron; Zi Michael Miao; Iacopo Olivotto
Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.10.045
PubMed: 39217569

Open original source

2026Observational human evidence

Elamipretide: First Approval.

PubMed-indexed journal article; review examining elamipretide: first approval. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors: Matt Shirley
Source: Drugs
DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12559
PubMed: 41335372

Open original source

2025Observational human evidence

SS-31@Fer-1 Alleviates ferroptosis in hypoxia/reoxygenation cardiomyocytes via mitochondrial targeting.

PubMed-indexed journal article examining ss-31@fer-1 alleviates ferroptosis in hypoxia/reoxygenation cardiomyocytes via mitochondrial targeting. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors: Hao Zheng; Jinbo Ou; Hui Han; Qizheng Lu; Yunli Shen
Source: Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2025.117832
PubMed: 39848110

Open original source

2021Observational human evidence

Potential Therapeutic Candidates for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD).

PubMed-indexed journal article; review examining potential therapeutic candidates for age-related macular degeneration (amd). Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors: Sonali Nashine
Source: Cells
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-7524
PubMed: 34572131

Open original source

2025Observational human evidence

Elamipretide: A Review of Its Structure, Mechanism of Action, and Therapeutic Potential.

PubMed-indexed journal article; review examining elamipretide: a review of its structure, mechanism of action, and therapeutic potential. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors: Cheryl Tung; Fahimeh Varzideh; Emanuele Farroni; Pasquale Mone; Urna Kansakar; Stanislovas S Jankauskas; Gaetano Santulli
Source: International journal of molecular sciences
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.117.005487
PubMed: 39940712

Open original source

2022Observational human evidence

Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction with elamipretide.

PubMed-indexed journal article; review; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining targeting mitochondrial dysfunction with elamipretide. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors: Chukwuemeka Obi; Alexander T Smith; Gregory J Hughes; Adedayo A Adeboye
Source: Heart failure reviews
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2025797
PubMed: 35037146

Open original source

2025Observational human evidence

SS-31 Targets NOS2 to Enhance Osteogenic Differentiation in Aged BMSCs by Restoring Mitochondrial Function.

PubMed-indexed journal article examining ss-31 targets nos2 to enhance osteogenic differentiation in aged bmscs by restoring mitochondrial function. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors: Sen Duan; Qindong Zhang; Jinqiang Zhu; Jiaming Wang
Source: Organogenesis
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2207993120
PubMed: 40570323

Open original source

2025Observational human evidence

Examination of mitochondria- and inflammasome-mediated mechanisms of clozapine-induced myocarditis using patient-derived iPSC cardiomyocytes.

PubMed-indexed journal article examining examination of mitochondria- and inflammasome-mediated mechanisms of clozapine-induced myocarditis using patient-derived ipsc cardiomyocytes. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors: Nazanin Vaziri; Timothy E Shutt; Wasi Karim; Thomas J Raedler; Christos Pantelis; Naveen Thomas; Mahesh Jayaram; Steven C Greenway; Chad A Bousman
Source: Molecular psychiatry
DOI: 10.1038/s41380-025-02935-z
PubMed: 39962181

Open original source

2025Observational human evidence

Telomere length in offspring is determined by mitochondrial-nuclear communication at fertilization.

PubMed-indexed journal article examining telomere length in offspring is determined by mitochondrial-nuclear communication at fertilization. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors: Yasmyn E Winstanley; Ryan D Rose; Alexander P Sobinoff; Linda L Wu; Deepak Adhikari; Qing-Hua Zhang; Jadon K Wells; Lee H Wong; Hazel H Szeto; Sandra G Piltz; Paul Q Thomas; Mark A Febbraio
Source: Nature communications
DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0055-6
PubMed: 40087268

Open original source

2026Observational human evidence

RePOWER: An International, Prospective, Non-Interventional Registry of Patients With Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy.

PubMed-indexed journal article; multicenter study; observational study; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining repower: an international, prospective, non-interventional registry of patients with primary mitochondrial myopathy. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors: Amel Karaa; Amy Goldstein; Bruce H Cohen; Richard H Haas; Jerry Vockley; Gráinne S Gorman; Michelangelo Mancuso; RePOWER, MMPOWER‐3, and MOTOR investigators
Source: Clinical genetics
DOI: 10.1111/cge.70026
PubMed: 40785393

Open original source

2020Observational human evidence

Mitochondrial protein interaction landscape of SS-31.

PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, n.i.h., extramural; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining mitochondrial protein interaction landscape of ss-31. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors: Juan D Chavez; Xiaoting Tang; Matthew D Campbell; Gustavo Reyes; Philip A Kramer; Rudy Stuppard; Andrew Keller; Huiliang Zhang; Peter S Rabinovitch; David J Marcinek; James E Bruce
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
DOI: 10.1101/2020.01.02.893362
PubMed: 32554501

Open original source

2025Observational human evidence

Targeting ANT1 to regulate PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy is an effective treatment of trauma-induced tendon heterotopic ossification.

PubMed-indexed journal article examining targeting ant1 to regulate pink1/parkin-mediated mitophagy is an effective treatment of trauma-induced tendon heterotopic ossification. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors: Guanzhi Li; Tong Li; Ye Deng; Xiao Deng; Chao Chen; Bin Yu; Kairui Zhang
Source: Journal of orthopaedic translation
DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv597
PubMed: 41542093

Open original source

2024Observational human evidence

Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen Identifies Phospholipid Scramblase 3 as the Biological Target of Mitoprotective Drug SS-31.

PubMed-indexed letter; research support, non-u.s. gov't; research support, n.i.h., extramural examining genome-wide crispr screen identifies phospholipid scramblase 3 as the biological target of mitoprotective drug ss-31. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors: Josie A Silvaroli; Bijay Bisunke; Ji Young Kim; Amanda Stayton; Laura A Jayne; Shirely A Martinez; Christopher Nguyen; Prisha S Patel; Thitinee Vanichapol; Vivek Verma; Juheb Akhter; Subhashini Bolisetty
Source: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN
DOI: 10.1021/bi701962c
PubMed: 38530359

Open original source

2025Observational human evidence

Mitochondrial Dysfunction: The Silent Catalyst of Kidney Disease Progression.

PubMed-indexed journal article; review; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining mitochondrial dysfunction: the silent catalyst of kidney disease progression. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors: Nikola Pavlović; Marinela Križanac; Marko Kumrić; Katarina Vukojević; Joško Božić
Source: Cells
DOI: 10.4103/ijot.ijot_37_23
PubMed: 40497970

Open original source

2022Observational human evidence

Elamipretide for Barth syndrome cardiomyopathy: gradual rebuilding of a failed power grid.

PubMed-indexed journal article; review; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining elamipretide for barth syndrome cardiomyopathy: gradual rebuilding of a failed power grid. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors: Hani N Sabbah
Source: Heart failure reviews
DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2016070761
PubMed: 34623544

Open original source

2026Observational human evidence

Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance.

PubMed-indexed journal article; review examining safety and efficacy of approved and unapproved peptide therapies for musculoskeletal injuries and athletic performance. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors: Christopher L Mendias; Tariq M Awan
Source: Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
DOI: 10.1038/sj.embor.7400236
PubMed: 41966639

Open original source

2024Observational human evidence

ALCAT1-mediated abnormal cardiolipin remodelling promotes mitochondrial injury in podocytes in diabetic kidney disease.

PubMed-indexed video-audio media; journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining alcat1-mediated abnormal cardiolipin remodelling promotes mitochondrial injury in podocytes in diabetic kidney disease. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors: Yiqun Hao; Yanqin Fan; Jun Feng; Zijing Zhu; Zilv Luo; Hongtu Hu; Weiwei Li; Hongxia Yang; Guohua Ding
Source: Cell communication and signaling : CCS
DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01399-4
PubMed: 38200543

Open original source

2022Observational human evidence

A ROS-Responsive Liposomal Composite Hydrogel Integrating Improved Mitochondrial Function and Pro-Angiogenesis for Efficient Treatment of Myocardial Infarction.

PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining a ros-responsive liposomal composite hydrogel integrating improved mitochondrial function and pro-angiogenesis for efficient treatment of myocardial infarction. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors: Zhi Zheng; Cai Lei; Hongbing Liu; Mingchao Jiang; Zongtao Zhou; Yuqi Zhao; Cui-Yun Yu; Hua Wei
Source: Advanced healthcare materials
DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200990
PubMed: 35848825

Open original source

2026Observational human evidence

Is an emerging pharmacotherapeutic era for rare mitochondrial diseases here?

PubMed-indexed journal article examining is an emerging pharmacotherapeutic era for rare mitochondrial diseases here?. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors: Jirair K Bedoyan; Jerry Vockley
Source: Cell metabolism
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2026.04.014
PubMed: 42229401

Open original source

2022Observational human evidence

Quality of life in Barth syndrome.

PubMed-indexed journal article examining quality of life in barth syndrome. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors: Alexander Y Kim; Hilary Vernon; Ryan Manuel; Mohammed Almuqbil; Brittany Hornby
Source: Therapeutic advances in rare disease
DOI: 10.1177/26330040221093743
PubMed: 37180415

Open original source

2026Observational human evidence

Synergistic mitochondrial homeostasis regulation and cholinergic circuits reconstruction via a one-step synthesized multifunctional hydrogel facilitates spinal cord injury repair.

PubMed-indexed journal article examining synergistic mitochondrial homeostasis regulation and cholinergic circuits reconstruction via a one-step synthesized multifunctional hydrogel facilitates spinal cord injury repair. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors: Yiqian Luo; Pan Jiang; Daoqiang Huang; Hong Li; Jiale He; Ruoqi Shen; Yunheng Jiang; Limin Rong; Bin Liu
Source: Bioactive materials
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.12.009
PubMed: 41551770

Open original source

2019Animal research

Elamipretide (SS-31) improves mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic and memory impairment induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice.

PubMed-indexed journal article examining elamipretide (ss-31) improves mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic and memory impairment induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors: Weixing Zhao; Zhipeng Xu; Jiangbei Cao; Qiang Fu; Yishuang Wu; Xiaoying Zhang; Yue Long; Xuan Zhang; Yitian Yang; Yunfeng Li; Weidong Mi
Source: Journal of neuroinflammation
DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-106
PubMed: 31747905

Open original source

2015Laboratory research

Novel cell-penetrating peptide targeting mitochondria.

PubMed-indexed journal article examining novel cell-penetrating peptide targeting mitochondria. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors: Carmine Pasquale Cerrato; Marco Pirisinu; Efstathios Nikolaos Vlachos; Ülo Langel
Source: FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-269225
PubMed: 26195590

Open original source

Insufficient evidence

Beyond the injection: delivery systems reshaping retinal disease management.

Source reference associated with Elamipretide. Source identity and peptide connection confirmed; scientific conclusions and evidence strength have not been assessed in this source-linking step.

Source: other
DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2025.2496424
PubMed: 40319468

Open original source

Scientific context

Chemistry and represented biological context

Existing reviewed chemistry is preserved as scientific context. Chemistry and mechanism information do not establish clinical efficacy or safety.

Open chemistry and biological context ↓

Chemical identity

Molecular and structural record

Structured record

Molecular formula: C32H49N9O5
Molecular weight (Da): 639.8
InChIKey: SFVLTCAESLKEHH-WKAQUBQDSA-N

Chemical identity describes the recorded molecular information. It does not establish biological activity, clinical efficacy, safety, or therapeutic suitability.

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Evidence system

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Research hub

Enter the broader research and intelligence environment.

Methodology

Review project methods, boundaries, and interpretation rules.

Research

How the scientific record is developing

Chronology, unresolved research questions, opportunities, and researcher activity remain descriptive rather than evaluative.

Research chronology

2015 · study · Temporal status not established
Novel cell-penetrating peptide targeting mitochondria.
FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
2019 · study · Temporal status not established
Elamipretide (SS-31) improves mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic and memory impairment induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice.
Journal of neuroinflammation
2020 · study · Temporal status not established
Mitochondrial protein interaction landscape of SS-31.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2021 · study · Temporal status not established
Potential Therapeutic Candidates for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD).
Cells
2022 · study · Temporal status not established
Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction with elamipretide.
Heart failure reviews
2022 · study · Temporal status not established
Elamipretide for Barth syndrome cardiomyopathy: gradual rebuilding of a failed power grid.
Heart failure reviews
2022 · study · Temporal status not established
A ROS-Responsive Liposomal Composite Hydrogel Integrating Improved Mitochondrial Function and Pro-Angiogenesis for Efficient Treatment of Myocardial Infarction.
Advanced healthcare materials
2022 · study · Temporal status not established
Quality of life in Barth syndrome.
Therapeutic advances in rare disease
2023 · study · Temporal status not established
Efficacy and Safety of Elamipretide in Individuals With Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy: The MMPOWER-3 Randomized Clinical Trial.
Neurology
2024 · study · Temporal status not established
Genotype-specific effects of elamipretide in patients with primary mitochondrial myopathy: a post hoc analysis of the MMPOWER-3 trial.
Orphanet journal of rare diseases
2024 · study · Temporal status not established
Effect of Aficamten on Health Status Outcomes in Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Results From SEQUOIA-HCM.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology
2024 · study · Temporal status not established
Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen Identifies Phospholipid Scramblase 3 as the Biological Target of Mitoprotective Drug SS-31.
Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN
2024 · study · Temporal status not established
ALCAT1-mediated abnormal cardiolipin remodelling promotes mitochondrial injury in podocytes in diabetic kidney disease.
Cell communication and signaling : CCS
2025 · study · Temporal status not established
SS-31@Fer-1 Alleviates ferroptosis in hypoxia/reoxygenation cardiomyocytes via mitochondrial targeting.
Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie
2025 · study · Temporal status not established
Elamipretide: A Review of Its Structure, Mechanism of Action, and Therapeutic Potential.
International journal of molecular sciences
2025 · study · Temporal status not established
SS-31 Targets NOS2 to Enhance Osteogenic Differentiation in Aged BMSCs by Restoring Mitochondrial Function.
Organogenesis
2025 · study · Temporal status not established
Examination of mitochondria- and inflammasome-mediated mechanisms of clozapine-induced myocarditis using patient-derived iPSC cardiomyocytes.
Molecular psychiatry
2025 · study · Temporal status not established
Telomere length in offspring is determined by mitochondrial-nuclear communication at fertilization.
Nature communications
2025 · study · Temporal status not established
Targeting ANT1 to regulate PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy is an effective treatment of trauma-induced tendon heterotopic ossification.
Journal of orthopaedic translation
2025 · study · Temporal status not established
Mitochondrial Dysfunction: The Silent Catalyst of Kidney Disease Progression.
Cells
2026 · study · Temporal status not established
Elamipretide: First Approval.
Drugs
2026 · study · Temporal status not established
RePOWER: An International, Prospective, Non-Interventional Registry of Patients With Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy.
Clinical genetics
2026 · study · Temporal status not established
Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance.
Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
2026 · study · Temporal status not established
Is an emerging pharmacotherapeutic era for rare mitochondrial diseases here?
Cell metabolism
2026 · study · Temporal status not established
Synergistic mitochondrial homeostasis regulation and cholinergic circuits reconstruction via a one-step synthesized multifunctional hydrogel facilitates spinal cord injury repair.
Bioactive materials
2026 · regulatory · Temporal status not established
Regulatory review: not_approved
European Union
2026 · regulatory · Temporal status not established
Regulatory review: approved
United States
Date unavailable · study · Temporal status not established
Beyond the injection: delivery systems reshaping retinal disease management.
other

The represented chronology reflects records currently included in the governed dataset and does not claim to represent the entire scientific literature.

What still needs investigation

Claim traceability

No institutional claim record is currently represented for this peptide.

1 represented evidence record

Years represented: 2025

Publishing organizations appearing in records: Nature communications

Connections

Follow the scientific relationships

Connections appear only when they are represented by the project’s underlying records.

Reviewer provenance state

“Human scientist reviewed: no” means that specific source-path attribution is not recorded. It does not silently negate the separate publication-review state.

Domain conclusion → Evidence

Connected

Evidence → Source

Connected

Source → Original record

Connected

Traceability documents how the project connects statements to records. It does not establish that a source is scientifically valid or that a claim is clinically true.

Reconciled for 6 domain conclusions and 0 featured studies.

Detailed study-to-domain mappings and original-source paths appear in the Elamipretide evidence-governance section.

Inspect the ranked source records

Observational archive

What contributors reported

Observational archive data is intentionally separated from published scientific evidence.

Observational boundary

Insufficient eligible observations are available for display under the current filters.

Insufficient eligible observations are currently represented to display aggregated findings for this peptide.

Regulatory context

Published jurisdictional records

Regulatory status is jurisdiction-specific and time-dependent. It is presented as context, not as a recommendation for use or a substitute for scientific evidence evaluation.

European Union

Regulator: Not represented

not_approved

As of: 9/9/2026 · Temporal status not established

Regulatory context incomplete: regulator.

EMA orphan designation EU/3/21/2430

United States

Regulator: Not represented

approved

As of: 9/9/2026 · Temporal status not established

Regulatory context incomplete: regulator.

FDA accelerated approval announcement

Research + media

Media connected to this scientific record

Only media explicitly linked through the project’s relationship system appears here.

No scientifically connected media is currently represented for this peptide.

Sources + provenance

Read the scientific record with its boundaries intact

The public record organizes reviewed evidence; it does not establish scientific truth by itself.

Association, mechanism, observation and regulatory status must not be represented as proof of clinical efficacy or safety.

Observational reports describe contributor experiences and cannot establish causation, effectiveness, safety or clinical benefit.

Contradictory and qualifying evidence must remain visible rather than being silently discarded.

Absence of represented evidence is not evidence that research does not exist.

Research gaps identify unresolved questions; they are not negative conclusions.

Regulatory status is distinct from scientific evidence quality.

Media relationships provide context and explanation; they do not increase the strength of scientific evidence.

A section with no represented records is an incomplete project record, not a scientific conclusion.

Researcher and institutional relationships are shown only when supported by represented records and must not be interpreted as rankings or endorsements.

Generated: 11/8/2026, 5:24:51 PM

global evidence atlas

Elamipretide research, ranked and separated by purpose

This is a deduplicated literature screening registry—not a claim that every mention directly proves efficacy or safety. Machine proposals remain visibly separate from governed human appraisal.

304Discoverable source universe

304Ranked screening records

6Research domains

0Accountably approved conclusions

SearchDomainEvidence class

Elamipretide: what this atlas does and does not establish

Last checked: 2026-09-18
Accountable publication approval: Not yet approved by a named accountable reviewer. Machine screening only.

No new outcome conclusion is inferred from discovery metadata. Named accountable approval is required for governed scientific conclusions.

Regulatory status by jurisdiction

Absence of a record in this pass is not proof that no authorization exists. Status must remain jurisdiction-, product-, formulation-, and date-specific.

European Unionnot approvedchecked 2026-09-09
EMA orphan designation EU/3/21/2430
United Statesapprovedchecked 2026-09-09
Improve muscle strength in adults and pediatric patients with Barth syndrome weighing at least 30 kg.
FDA accelerated approval announcement

1 FDA structured product label record(s) were identified for this compound name in openFDA. Label presence reflects an approved product exists under that name; it is not a claim about the specific formulation, dose, or use being discussed anywhere else on this page.

No machine-proposed evidence-strength grades exist yet for this compound; all screening records are unassigned pending further review. 4 correction(s) have been recorded against this atlas's source metadata.

Elamipretide evidence · ranking key

How evidence is ranked

A tier describes the evidentiary role and design strength of a source. It is not a popularity score, proof that every conclusion is correct, or a substitute for claim-level review.

Practice-defining evidence

Large, well-conducted randomized trials; prespecified major outcomes; rigorous systematic reviews or meta-analyses; and major regulatory assessments.

Strong supporting evidence

Smaller randomized trials, strong prospective cohorts, prespecified secondary analyses, and high-quality comparative-effectiveness studies.

Contextual evidence

Retrospective cohorts, claims-database studies, pharmacovigilance analyses, mechanistic human research, and well-documented case series.

Signal-generating evidence

Case reports, conference abstracts, preclinical research, hypothesis-generating analyses, and expert commentary.

Tier and confidence answer different questions

Tier classifies source design and evidentiary role. Confidence reflects risk of bias, sample size, comparator quality, outcome relevance, follow-up, missing data, directness, replication, reporting quality, and whether conclusions stay within the measured results.

Funding and conflicts are disclosed and considered, but sponsorship never automatically changes a tier. Corrections, retractions, and expressions of concern override the original rating.

peptide explorer

Structural visualization and provenance

Evidence-class labeling remains visible even when interactive rendering is unavailable. Representative geometry is not an experimentally determined or predicted biological conformation.

Fully specified molecular identity

Molecular formula: C32H49N9O5
Molecular weight: 639.8 g/mol
Exact identity / sequence notation: D-Arg-2′,6′-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2
Identity-defining modifications: D-arginine1
2′,6′-dimethyltyrosine2
C-terminal amide
PubChem CID: 11764719
InChIKey: SFVLTCAESLKEHH-WKAQUBQDSA-N

Both non-standard residues are exact in notation and appear as X only in the schematic.

Sources: NIH PubChem — Elamipretide · reviewed 2026-09-17

Representative sequence-derived model

Structure source: Generated from this record's governed amino-acid sequence
Identifier: Not applicable — not a database structure
Method: Schematic layout ordered by residue position only; not a molecular-dynamics, homology, or fold prediction
Confidence / limitations: Illustrative only. Not physically accurate; carries no structural, binding-site, or activity meaning.
Provenance: WPF governed PeptideChemistry record
Retrieved / last reviewed: 2026-09-17

This is a representative, sequence-derived model ordered by residue position only. It is not the peptide's experimentally determined or predicted biological conformation, and it carries no claim about real bond angles, distances, secondary structure, binding sites, or activity.

Suggested citation

APA
World Peptide Foundation. (n.d.). Elamipretide — Peptide Scientific Intelligence. World Peptide Foundation. (Updated September 20, 2026.) https://www.worldpeptidefoundation.org/directory/elamipretide
AMA / Vancouver
World Peptide Foundation. Elamipretide — Peptide Scientific Intelligence. World Peptide Foundation website. Updated September 20, 2026. https://www.worldpeptidefoundation.org/directory/elamipretide

Where is Elamipretide being studied?

Elamipretide

No community pattern is displayed yet

The state of the record

Evidence, claims, and boundaries

6 published domain syntheses connected to 0 featured studies

Genotype-specific effects of elamipretide in patients with primary mitochondrial myopathy: a post hoc analysis of the MMPOWER-3 trial.

Efficacy and Safety of Elamipretide in Individuals With Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy: The MMPOWER-3 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Effect of Aficamten on Health Status Outcomes in Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Results From SEQUOIA-HCM.

Elamipretide: First Approval.

SS-31@Fer-1 Alleviates ferroptosis in hypoxia/reoxygenation cardiomyocytes via mitochondrial targeting.

Potential Therapeutic Candidates for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD).

Elamipretide: A Review of Its Structure, Mechanism of Action, and Therapeutic Potential.

Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction with elamipretide.

SS-31 Targets NOS2 to Enhance Osteogenic Differentiation in Aged BMSCs by Restoring Mitochondrial Function.

Examination of mitochondria- and inflammasome-mediated mechanisms of clozapine-induced myocarditis using patient-derived iPSC cardiomyocytes.

Telomere length in offspring is determined by mitochondrial-nuclear communication at fertilization.

RePOWER: An International, Prospective, Non-Interventional Registry of Patients With Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy.

Mitochondrial protein interaction landscape of SS-31.

Targeting ANT1 to regulate PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy is an effective treatment of trauma-induced tendon heterotopic ossification.

Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen Identifies Phospholipid Scramblase 3 as the Biological Target of Mitoprotective Drug SS-31.

Mitochondrial Dysfunction: The Silent Catalyst of Kidney Disease Progression.

Elamipretide for Barth syndrome cardiomyopathy: gradual rebuilding of a failed power grid.

Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance.

ALCAT1-mediated abnormal cardiolipin remodelling promotes mitochondrial injury in podocytes in diabetic kidney disease.

A ROS-Responsive Liposomal Composite Hydrogel Integrating Improved Mitochondrial Function and Pro-Angiogenesis for Efficient Treatment of Myocardial Infarction.

Is an emerging pharmacotherapeutic era for rare mitochondrial diseases here?

Quality of life in Barth syndrome.

Synergistic mitochondrial homeostasis regulation and cholinergic circuits reconstruction via a one-step synthesized multifunctional hydrogel facilitates spinal cord injury repair.

Elamipretide (SS-31) improves mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic and memory impairment induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice.

Novel cell-penetrating peptide targeting mitochondria.

Beyond the injection: delivery systems reshaping retinal disease management.

Chemistry and represented biological context

Molecular and structural record

Continue through the research system

Research discovery

How the scientific record is developing

Research chronology

Novel cell-penetrating peptide targeting mitochondria.

Elamipretide (SS-31) improves mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic and memory impairment induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice.

Mitochondrial protein interaction landscape of SS-31.

Potential Therapeutic Candidates for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD).

Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction with elamipretide.

Elamipretide for Barth syndrome cardiomyopathy: gradual rebuilding of a failed power grid.

A ROS-Responsive Liposomal Composite Hydrogel Integrating Improved Mitochondrial Function and Pro-Angiogenesis for Efficient Treatment of Myocardial Infarction.

Quality of life in Barth syndrome.

Efficacy and Safety of Elamipretide in Individuals With Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy: The MMPOWER-3 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Genotype-specific effects of elamipretide in patients with primary mitochondrial myopathy: a post hoc analysis of the MMPOWER-3 trial.

Effect of Aficamten on Health Status Outcomes in Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Results From SEQUOIA-HCM.

Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen Identifies Phospholipid Scramblase 3 as the Biological Target of Mitoprotective Drug SS-31.

ALCAT1-mediated abnormal cardiolipin remodelling promotes mitochondrial injury in podocytes in diabetic kidney disease.

SS-31@Fer-1 Alleviates ferroptosis in hypoxia/reoxygenation cardiomyocytes via mitochondrial targeting.

Elamipretide: A Review of Its Structure, Mechanism of Action, and Therapeutic Potential.

SS-31 Targets NOS2 to Enhance Osteogenic Differentiation in Aged BMSCs by Restoring Mitochondrial Function.

Examination of mitochondria- and inflammasome-mediated mechanisms of clozapine-induced myocarditis using patient-derived iPSC cardiomyocytes.

Telomere length in offspring is determined by mitochondrial-nuclear communication at fertilization.

Targeting ANT1 to regulate PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy is an effective treatment of trauma-induced tendon heterotopic ossification.

Mitochondrial Dysfunction: The Silent Catalyst of Kidney Disease Progression.

Elamipretide: First Approval.

RePOWER: An International, Prospective, Non-Interventional Registry of Patients With Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy.

Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance.

Is an emerging pharmacotherapeutic era for rare mitochondrial diseases here?

Synergistic mitochondrial homeostasis regulation and cholinergic circuits reconstruction via a one-step synthesized multifunctional hydrogel facilitates spinal cord injury repair.

Regulatory review: not_approved

Regulatory review: approved

Beyond the injection: delivery systems reshaping retinal disease management.

What still needs investigation

Claim traceability

Amel Karaa

Amy Goldstein

Bruce H Cohen

Enrico Bertini

Marni J Falk

Mary Kay Koenig

Michio Hirano

Richard Haas

Thomas Klopstock

Valerio Carelli

Adedayo A Adeboye

Alexander P Sobinoff