Scientific intelligence record
Experience 2.0
Glycoprotein hormone / peptide-adjacent biologic
Also known as: hCG, chorionic gonadotropin
Placental heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone and LH/CG-receptor agonist; endogenous physiology, diagnostic measurement, authorized products, and nonmedical use are treated separately.
Record status
Traceability partial
Last meaningful update: 9/20/2026
Ranked research corpus
500
global evidence atlas
This is a deduplicated literature screening registry—not a claim that every mention directly proves efficacy or safety. Machine proposals remain visibly separate from governed human appraisal.
500 matching records · ranked 2026-09-18
Page 1 of 20
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42396393 · DOI 10.1002/ccr3.72982
human-observational
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42572767 · DOI 10.2147/ijwh.s616174
human-observational
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42368764 · DOI 10.4103/gmit.gmit-d-24-00034
human-observational
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 41809848 · DOI 10.4103/abr.abr_286_25
human-interventional
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42650941 · DOI 10.3390/diagnostics16162539
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 41739995 · DOI 10.1002/advs.202523192
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 41568672 · DOI 10.4103/aam.aam_197_25
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42549338 · DOI 10.20407/fmj.2025-033
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42389208 · DOI 10.1016/j.xagr.2026.100638
human-observational
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 41589197 · DOI 10.1093/jscr/rjag003
human-observational
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42478827 · DOI 10.1039/d6lc00394j
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 41972864 · DOI 10.4103/jmas.jmas_63_26
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 41768323 · DOI 10.1093/jscr/rjaf413
human-observational
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42454108 · DOI 10.3389/fmed.2026.1820329
human-observational
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 41538809 · DOI 10.1097/aog.0000000000006155
synthesis
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42211505 · DOI 10.3389/fonc.2026.1801023
human-observational
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42618370 · DOI 10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104904
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 41600741 · DOI 10.3390/vetsci13010085
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42124350 · DOI 10.1093/milmed/usag221
human-observational
Europe PMC · 2026 · Source ID doi:10.64898/2026.07.23.740390 · DOI 10.64898/2026.07.23.740390
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42667124 · DOI 10.1096/fj.202600627rr
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42375916 · DOI 10.7759/cureus.109918
human-observational
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42321409 · DOI 10.1007/s00216-026-06620-0
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42259426 · DOI 10.1016/j.cca.2026.121142
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42624425 · DOI 10.1016/j.ab.2026.116233
preclinical-animal
governance and regulatory context
No new outcome conclusion is inferred from discovery metadata. Named accountable approval is required for governed scientific conclusions.
Absence of a record in this pass is not proof that no authorization exists. Status must remain jurisdiction-, product-, formulation-, and date-specific.
2 FDA structured product label record(s) were identified for this compound name in openFDA. Label presence reflects an approved product exists under that name; it is not a claim about the specific formulation, dose, or use being discussed anywhere else on this page.
No machine-proposed evidence-strength grades exist yet for this compound; all screening records are unassigned pending further review.
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) evidence · ranking key
A tier describes the evidentiary role and design strength of a source. It is not a popularity score, proof that every conclusion is correct, or a substitute for claim-level review.
Large, well-conducted randomized trials; prespecified major outcomes; rigorous systematic reviews or meta-analyses; and major regulatory assessments.
Smaller randomized trials, strong prospective cohorts, prespecified secondary analyses, and high-quality comparative-effectiveness studies.
Retrospective cohorts, claims-database studies, pharmacovigilance analyses, mechanistic human research, and well-documented case series.
Case reports, conference abstracts, preclinical research, hypothesis-generating analyses, and expert commentary.
peptide explorer
Evidence-class labeling remains visible even when interactive rendering is unavailable. Representative geometry is not an experimentally determined or predicted biological conformation.
Fully specified molecular identity
No single invariant molecular formula, InChIKey, or residue-only viewer sequence honestly represents native hCG. Approximate mass varies with glycosylation; the linked PDB is an experimental heterodimer structure, not a complete glycoform inventory.
Sources: UniProt — glycoprotein hormones alpha chain (P01215) · reviewed 2026-09-17
APA
World Peptide Foundation. (n.d.). Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) — Peptide Scientific Intelligence. World Peptide Foundation. (Updated September 20, 2026.) https://www.worldpeptidefoundation.org/directory/human-chorionic-gonadotropin
AMA / Vancouver
World Peptide Foundation. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) — Peptide Scientific Intelligence. World Peptide Foundation website. Updated September 20, 2026. https://www.worldpeptidefoundation.org/directory/human-chorionic-gonadotropin
Categorized publications with transparent machine-proposed ranking; human appraisal pending.
Featured tiered studies
0
Cornerstone publications with study-level interpretation, limitations, and tier disclosure.
Research domains
6
Clinical and scientific questions synthesized independently across the evidence atlas.
Governed reviewed evidence
25
Database records promoted through the governed publication workflow—not the corpus total.
Corpus generated 2026-09-18. Counts remain separately labeled to prevent automated screening from being represented as completed human review.
Human experience · separate evidence stream
Eligible observations remain below the privacy and reliability threshold. WPF will not convert a handful of reports into a percentage, trend, or clinical claim.
Observation is valuable human context. It is not evidence of causation, efficacy, or safety.
Public display gate
n ≥ 20 eligible observations
Exact progress remains private before the threshold.
Intelligence snapshot
A compact view of what is represented, what remains unresolved, and how completely the record can be traced.
Ranked research corpus
500
Categorized screening records; proposed rankings remain pending human appraisal.
Featured tiered studies
0
Cornerstone studies with published study-level interpretation and tier disclosure.
Research domains
6
Independent evidence dossiers covering the major research questions.
Governed reviewed evidence
25
Reviewed database records promoted through the governed publication workflow.
Contradictions
0
Conflicting evidence relationships that remain visible.
Research gaps
1
Questions the current record identifies as unresolved.
Connected media
0
Media records explicitly linked to this scientific record.
What we know
The project separates represented evidence from qualification, contradiction, uncertainty, and what the evidence does not establish.
Reconciled domain conclusions
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) no longer relies on the legacy “no public claim” state. Each research domain publishes a bounded conclusion, confidence level, evidence synthesis, limitations, geographic applicability, regulatory interpretation, and research gaps.
Inspect the reconciled evidence atlasPubMed-indexed controlled clinical trial; journal article examining should intrauterine human chorionic gonadotropin infusions ever be used prior to embryo transfer?. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article; randomized controlled trial examining a study of intrauterine infusion of human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) before frozen-thawed embryo transfer after two or more implantation failures. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
Scientific context
Existing reviewed chemistry is preserved as scientific context. Chemistry and mechanism information do not establish clinical efficacy or safety.
Chemical identity describes the recorded molecular information. It does not establish biological activity, clinical efficacy, safety, or therapeutic suitability.
Explore further
Move from this peptide record into the project's broader evidence, research, comparison, and methodology systems.
Research
Chronology, unresolved research questions, opportunities, and researcher activity remain descriptive rather than evaluative.
1982 · study · Temporal status not established
Obstetrics and gynecology
1993 · study · Temporal status not established
Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
1994 · study · Temporal status not established
American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
1995 · study · Temporal status not established
International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics
1997 · study · Temporal status not established
Urology
1999 · study · Temporal status not established
The Journal of urology
2003 · study · Temporal status not established
The Journal of urology
2004 · study · Temporal status not established
Clinical biochemistry
2008 · study · Temporal status not established
Women's health (London, England)
2009 · study · Temporal status not established
Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM
2010 · study · Temporal status not established
American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
2012 · study · Temporal status not established
Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
2013 · study · Temporal status not established
Obstetrics and gynecology
2013 · study · Temporal status not established
Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism
2014 · study · Temporal status not established
Bone marrow transplantation
2017 · study · Temporal status not established
Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology
2017 · study · Temporal status not established
International journal of molecular sciences
2017 · study · Temporal status not established
Andrology
2017 · study · Temporal status not established
International journal of molecular sciences
2018 · study · Temporal status not established
Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics
2020 · study · Temporal status not established
Journal of reproductive immunology
2022 · study · Temporal status not established
Obstetrical & gynecological survey
2024 · study · Temporal status not established
JBRA assisted reproduction
2024 · study · Temporal status not established
Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology
2025 · study · Temporal status not established
Fertility and sterility
2026 · regulatory · Temporal status not established
European Union
2026 · regulatory · Temporal status not established
United States
The represented chronology reflects records currently included in the governed dataset and does not claim to represent the entire scientific literature.
No institutional claim record is currently represented for this peptide.
Evidence is missing or not represented as studied; this is not a conclusion that the intervention does not work.
These are bibliographic author identities derived from represented records. Name strings are not proof of unique real-world researcher identity, and publishing organizations are not treated as institutional affiliations.
2 represented evidence records
Years represented: 2004, 2013
Publishing organizations appearing in records: Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism, Clinical biochemistry
2 represented evidence records
Years represented: 2004, 2013
Publishing organizations appearing in records: Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism, Clinical biochemistry
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2014
Publishing organizations appearing in records: Bone marrow transplantation
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2017
Publishing organizations appearing in records: International journal of molecular sciences
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2013
Publishing organizations appearing in records: Obstetrics and gynecology
Connections
Connections appear only when they are represented by the project’s underlying records.
institution
institution
institution
institution
institution
institution
institution
institution
institution
institution
institution
institution
Traceability
The experience makes incomplete links visible instead of presenting a false impression of perfect provenance.
Source publication state
A governed source may be verified and approved for publication while its claim-to-evidence link is still incomplete.
Reviewer provenance state
“Human scientist reviewed: no” means that specific source-path attribution is not recorded. It does not silently negate the separate publication-review state.
Domain conclusion → Evidence
Connected
Evidence → Source
Connected
Source → Original record
Connected
Traceability documents how the project connects statements to records. It does not establish that a source is scientifically valid or that a claim is clinically true.
Reconciled for 6 domain conclusions and 0 featured studies.
Detailed study-to-domain mappings and original-source paths appear in the Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) evidence-governance section.
Inspect the ranked source recordsObservational archive
Observational archive data is intentionally separated from published scientific evidence.
Observational boundary
Insufficient eligible observations are available for display under the current filters.
Insufficient eligible observations are currently represented to display aggregated findings for this peptide.
Regulatory context
Regulatory status is jurisdiction-specific and time-dependent. It is presented as context, not as a recommendation for use or a substitute for scientific evidence evaluation.
European Union
Regulator: Not represented
As of: 9/9/2026 · Temporal status not established
Regulatory context incomplete: regulator.
United States
Regulator: Not represented
As of: 9/9/2026 · Temporal status not established
Regulatory context incomplete: regulator.
Research + media
Only media explicitly linked through the project’s relationship system appears here.
No scientifically connected media is currently represented for this peptide.
Sources + provenance
Generated: 9/24/2026, 3:28:53 AM
Tier classifies source design and evidentiary role. Confidence reflects risk of bias, sample size, comparator quality, outcome relevance, follow-up, missing data, directness, replication, reporting quality, and whether conclusions stay within the measured results.
Funding and conflicts are disclosed and considered, but sponsorship never automatically changes a tier. Corrections, retractions, and expressions of concern override the original rating.
No reliable structure is available for this record. This is a preserved, honest state, not an error — it is never auto-filled with an unverified structure.
PubMed-indexed clinical trial; journal article examining preoperative treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin in infancy decreases the severity of proximal hypospadias and chordee. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed clinical trial; journal article examining prospective evaluation of human chorionic gonadotropin in the differentiation of undescended testes from retractile testes. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed clinical trial; journal article examining prediction of early pregnancy outcomes. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed clinical trial; journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining human chorionic gonadotropin promotes recruitment of regulatory t cells in endometrium by inducing chemokine ccl2. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed comparative study; journal article; randomized controlled trial; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining medical abortion follow-up with serum human chorionic gonadotropin compared with ultrasonography: a randomized controlled trial. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed randomized controlled trial; journal article examining sublingual human chorionic gonadotropin as an adjuvant to ovulation induction. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed clinical trial; journal article examining primary gonadotropin releasing hormone and adjunctive human chorionic gonadotropin treatment in cryptorchidism: a clinical trial. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed clinical trial; journal article examining elevated second-trimester human chorionic gonadotropin levels in association with poor pregnancy outcome. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article; review examining human chorionic gonadotropin in cancer. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article examining are early human chorionic gonadotropin levels after methotrexate therapy a predictor of response in ectopic pregnancy?. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article; review examining determination of human chorionic gonadotropin. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article; review examining clinical utility of human chorionic gonadotropin and alpha-subunit measurements. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article examining ectopic pregnancy: diagnosis and management. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article examining treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin induces left ventricular mass in cryptorchid boys. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article; review examining medical management of ectopic pregnancy. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article; review examining a current perspective on delayed puberty and its management. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article examining optimal restoration of spermatogenesis after testosterone therapy using human chorionic gonadotropin and follicle-stimulating hormone. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article examining human chorionic gonadotropin and indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase in patients with gvhd. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article; review examining human chorionic gonadotropin: the pregnancy hormone and more. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article; review examining human chorionic gonadotropin-a review of the literature. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article examining effects of human chorionic gonadotropin on testicular interstitial tissues in men with non-obstructive azoospermia. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article; review examining human chorionic gonadotropin and breast cancer. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article; review examining ectopic pregnancy. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2025
Publishing organizations appearing in records: Fertility and sterility
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2024
Publishing organizations appearing in records: Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 1993
Publishing organizations appearing in records: Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2003
Publishing organizations appearing in records: The Journal of urology
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2018
Publishing organizations appearing in records: Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2025
Publishing organizations appearing in records: Fertility and sterility
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2020
Publishing organizations appearing in records: Journal of reproductive immunology