Scientific intelligence record
Experience 2.0
Synthetic thymosin-related research peptide
Also known as: TB500, Thymosin beta-4 fragment, Tβ4-related peptide
TB-500 is a non-standardized market name commonly associated with a synthetic fragment or derivative of thymosin beta-4. Thymosin beta-4 binds actin and has been studied in cell migration, angiogenesis, inflammation, and repair; those findings cannot automatically be attributed to every product sold as TB-500.
Record status
Traceability partial
Last meaningful update: 9/8/2026
Ranked research corpus
global evidence atlas
This is a deduplicated literature screening registry—not a claim that every mention directly proves efficacy or safety. Machine proposals remain visibly separate from governed human appraisal.
53 matching records · ranked 2026-09-18
Page 1 of 3
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42542926 · DOI 10.52312/jdrs.2026.2951
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2026 · Source ID doi:10.20944/preprints202604.1748.v1 · DOI 10.20944/preprints202604.1748.v1
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 41476424 · DOI 10.1177/03635465251357593
human-observational
WPF seed · 2026 · PMID 42578445 · DOI 10.1177/03635465261464420
laboratory-mechanistic
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42635865 · DOI 10.1007/s11916-026-01542-z
preclinical-animal
OpenAlex · 2026 · Source ID doi:10.65671/0ccpx875 · DOI 10.65671/0ccpx875
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42328738 · DOI 10.1039/d6an00455e
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2026 · Source ID doi:10.20944/preprints202609.0501.v1 · DOI 10.20944/preprints202609.0501.v1
human-observational
Europe PMC · 2026 · Source ID doi:10.20944/preprints202512.1011.v3 · DOI 10.20944/preprints202512.1011.v3
preclinical-animal
WPF seed · 2026 · PMID 41966639 · DOI 10.1007/s40279-026-02437-0
human-interventional
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 41490200 · DOI 10.5435/jaaosglobal-d-25-00236
human-interventional
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42021992 · DOI 10.3389/fragi.2026.1790247
human-interventional
Europe PMC · 2026 · Source ID doi:10.20944/preprints202605.1124.v1 · DOI 10.20944/preprints202605.1124.v1
human-interventional
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 41443105 · DOI 10.1016/j.intimp.2025.116097
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2025 · PMID 41359360 · DOI 10.1021/acsami.5c14652
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2025 · PMID 40681595 · DOI 10.1038/s41598-025-09278-3
preclinical-animal
WPF seed · 2025 · PMID 39761767 · DOI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.12.061
laboratory-mechanistic
WPF seed · 2025 · PMID 40912522 · DOI 10.1016/j.cellsig.2025.112111
laboratory-mechanistic
WPF seed · 2025 · PMID 41229390 · DOI 10.1093/cvr/cvaf223
human-interventional
Europe PMC · 2025 · Source ID doi:10.20944/preprints202512.1011.v1 · DOI 10.20944/preprints202512.1011.v1
preclinical-animal
WPF seed · 2025 · PMID 40816274 · DOI 10.1016/j.stemcr.2025.102601
human-interventional
Europe PMC · 2024 · PMID 38382158 · DOI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124033
preclinical-animal
WPF seed · 2024 · PMID 38741020 · DOI 10.1038/s41593-024-01639-x
laboratory-mechanistic
WPF seed · 2023 · PMID 37696839 · DOI 10.1038/s41467-023-41351-1
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2023 · PMID 36482504 · DOI 10.1002/dta.3421
preclinical-animal
governance and regulatory context
No new outcome conclusion is inferred from discovery metadata. Named accountable approval is required for governed scientific conclusions.
Absence of a record in this pass is not proof that no authorization exists. Status must remain jurisdiction-, product-, formulation-, and date-specific.
No centrally authorized EMA medicine for the named compound was identified in the EMA medicines database as of 8 September 2026.
European Medicines Agency medicines databaseNo FDA-approved drug product or therapeutic indication for the named compound was identified in Drugs@FDA as of 8 September 2026.
Drugs@FDA: FDA-Approved DrugsTB-500 evidence · ranking key
A tier describes the evidentiary role and design strength of a source. It is not a popularity score, proof that every conclusion is correct, or a substitute for claim-level review.
Large, well-conducted randomized trials; prespecified major outcomes; rigorous systematic reviews or meta-analyses; and major regulatory assessments.
Smaller randomized trials, strong prospective cohorts, prespecified secondary analyses, and high-quality comparative-effectiveness studies.
Retrospective cohorts, claims-database studies, pharmacovigilance analyses, mechanistic human research, and well-documented case series.
Case reports, conference abstracts, preclinical research, hypothesis-generating analyses, and expert commentary.
peptide explorer
Evidence-class labeling remains visible even when interactive rendering is unavailable. Representative geometry is not an experimentally determined or predicted biological conformation.
Fully specified molecular identity
This record explicitly represents the 889 Da acetylated heptapeptide, not full-length thymosin-β4 (PubChem CID 45382195).
Sources: NIH PubChem — TB-500 · reviewed 2026-09-17
APA
World Peptide Foundation. (n.d.). TB-500 — Peptide Scientific Intelligence. World Peptide Foundation. (Reviewed September 8, 2026.) https://www.worldpeptidefoundation.org/directory/tb-500
AMA / Vancouver
World Peptide Foundation. TB-500 — Peptide Scientific Intelligence. World Peptide Foundation website. Reviewed September 8, 2026. https://www.worldpeptidefoundation.org/directory/tb-500
53
Categorized publications with transparent machine-proposed ranking; human appraisal pending.
Featured tiered studies
0
Cornerstone publications with study-level interpretation, limitations, and tier disclosure.
Research domains
4
Clinical and scientific questions synthesized independently across the evidence atlas.
Governed reviewed evidence
25
Database records promoted through the governed publication workflow—not the corpus total.
Corpus generated 2026-09-18. Counts remain separately labeled to prevent automated screening from being represented as completed human review.
Human experience · separate evidence stream
Eligible observations remain below the privacy and reliability threshold. WPF will not convert a handful of reports into a percentage, trend, or clinical claim.
Observation is valuable human context. It is not evidence of causation, efficacy, or safety.
Public display gate
n ≥ 20 eligible observations
Exact progress remains private before the threshold.
Intelligence snapshot
A compact view of what is represented, what remains unresolved, and how completely the record can be traced.
Ranked research corpus
53
Categorized screening records; proposed rankings remain pending human appraisal.
Featured tiered studies
0
Cornerstone studies with published study-level interpretation and tier disclosure.
Research domains
4
Independent evidence dossiers covering the major research questions.
Governed reviewed evidence
25
Reviewed database records promoted through the governed publication workflow.
Contradictions
0
Conflicting evidence relationships that remain visible.
Research gaps
1
Questions the current record identifies as unresolved.
Connected media
0
Media records explicitly linked to this scientific record.
What we know
The project separates represented evidence from qualification, contradiction, uncertainty, and what the evidence does not establish.
Reconciled domain conclusions
TB-500 no longer relies on the legacy “no public claim” state. Each research domain publishes a bounded conclusion, confidence level, evidence synthesis, limitations, geographic applicability, regulatory interpretation, and research gaps.
Inspect the reconciled evidence atlasThis score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Scientific context
Existing reviewed chemistry is preserved as scientific context. Chemistry and mechanism information do not establish clinical efficacy or safety.
Chemical identity describes the recorded molecular information. It does not establish biological activity, clinical efficacy, safety, or therapeutic suitability.
Explore further
Move from this peptide record into the project's broader evidence, research, comparison, and methodology systems.
Research
Chronology, unresolved research questions, opportunities, and researcher activity remain descriptive rather than evaluative.
1985 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
1985 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
1997 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2007 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2007 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2007 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2012 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2012 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2014 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2016 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2017 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2017 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2020 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2023 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2023 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2023 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2023 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2023 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2024 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2025 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2025 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2025 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2025 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2026 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2026 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2026 · regulatory · Temporal status not established
European Union (EMA)
2026 · regulatory · Temporal status not established
United States (FDA)
The represented chronology reflects records currently included in the governed dataset and does not claim to represent the entire scientific literature.
No institutional claim record is currently represented for this peptide.
Evidence is missing or not represented as studied; this is not a conclusion that the intervention does not work.
These are bibliographic author identities derived from represented records. Name strings are not proof of unique real-world researcher identity, and publishing organizations are not treated as institutional affiliations.
3 represented evidence records
Years represented: 1985, 1997, 2012
Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research
3 represented evidence records
Years represented: 1985, 2007, 2012
Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research
3 represented evidence records
Years represented: 2017, 2024, 2025
Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research
2 represented evidence records
Years represented: 1985, 2007
Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research
2 represented evidence records
Years represented: 2020, 2023
Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research
Connections
Connections appear only when they are represented by the project’s underlying records.
institution
Traceability
The experience makes incomplete links visible instead of presenting a false impression of perfect provenance.
Source publication state
A governed source may be verified and approved for publication while its claim-to-evidence link is still incomplete.
Reviewer provenance state
“Human scientist reviewed: no” means that specific source-path attribution is not recorded. It does not silently negate the separate publication-review state.
Domain conclusion → Evidence
Connected
Evidence → Source
Connected
Source → Original record
Connected
Traceability documents how the project connects statements to records. It does not establish that a source is scientifically valid or that a claim is clinically true.
Reconciled for 4 domain conclusions and 0 featured studies.
Detailed study-to-domain mappings and original-source paths appear in the TB-500 evidence-governance section.
Inspect the ranked source recordsObservational archive
Observational archive data is intentionally separated from published scientific evidence.
Observational boundary
Insufficient eligible observations are available for display under the current filters.
Insufficient eligible observations are currently represented to display aggregated findings for this peptide.
Regulatory context
Regulatory status is jurisdiction-specific and time-dependent. It is presented as context, not as a recommendation for use or a substitute for scientific evidence evaluation.
European Union (EMA)
Regulator: EMA
As of: 9/8/2026 · Temporal status not established
United States (FDA)
Regulator: FDA
As of: 9/8/2026 · Temporal status not established
Research + media
Only media explicitly linked through the project’s relationship system appears here.
No scientifically connected media is currently represented for this peptide.
Sources + provenance
Generated: 9/24/2026, 3:25:08 AM
25 of 53 screening records carry a machine-proposed evidence-strength grade; the remainder are unassigned pending further review.
Tier classifies source design and evidentiary role. Confidence reflects risk of bias, sample size, comparator quality, outcome relevance, follow-up, missing data, directness, replication, reporting quality, and whether conclusions stay within the measured results.
Funding and conflicts are disclosed and considered, but sponsorship never automatically changes a tier. Corrections, retractions, and expressions of concern override the original rating.
This is a representative, sequence-derived model ordered by residue position only. It is not the peptide's experimentally determined or predicted biological conformation, and it carries no claim about real bond angles, distances, secondary structure, binding sites, or activity.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Our objective is to present the pharmacological mechanisms, safety profiles, and regulatory status of prominent approved and unapproved peptides marketed direct to patients, including AOD-9604 (anti-obesity drug 9604), BPC-157 (body protection compound 157), CJC-1295, FS-344 (fol …
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Interestingly, the expression level of the gene TMSB4X that encodes thymosin beta 4 (Tbeta4) significantly decreased both in fAD organoids' neurons and AD patients' excitatory neurons. ...
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
AIMS: Despite advancements in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), cardiac dysfunction remains a challenge in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Although thymosin beta 4 has shown cardioprotective effects in preclin …
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
OBJECT: To evaluate the efficacy of thymosin beta 4 (Tbeta(4)) on hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). ...
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Endothelial Sirt1 deficiency, by inhibiting autophagy and activating nuclear factor-kappa B signaling, augments expression and secretion of thymosin beta-4 (Tbeta4) that promotes insulin signaling in skeletal myotubes. Thus, unlike in skeletal myocytes, Sirt1 …
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
AIM: To investigate the protective effect of a recombinant adeno-associated virus carrying thymosin beta(4) (AAV-Tbeta(4)) on murine colitis via intracolonic administration. METHODS: AAV-Tbeta(4) was prepared and intracolonically used to mediate the secretory …
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
However, the role of endogenous thymosin beta(4) in the kidney is unknown. We demonstrate that thymosin beta(4) is expressed prominently in podocytes of developing and adult mouse glomeruli. ...Lack of thymosin beta(4 …
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced by the gut during systemic infections and inflammation is thought to contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Since thymosin beta 4 (Tbeta4) effectively reduces LPS-induced inflammation in sepsis, we tested its pot …
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
This peer-reviewed source examines Thymosin beta 4-like peptides.
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Prion diseases are neurodegenerative pathologies characterized by the accumulation of altered forms of the prion protein (PrP), named PrP(Sc). Thymosin beta 4 (Tbeta(4)) is an actin-sequestering peptide known to bind monomeric actin and inhibit its polymeriza …
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
To this end, treatments are needed that both regulate the inflammatory response and promote corneal wound healing to resolve visual disturbances and improve quality of life. Thymosin beta 4 is a small, naturally occurring 43-amino-acid protein that promotes w …
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
This peer-reviewed source examines Mechanistic study of the Tβ4/SLC7A11 signaling pathway regulating breast cancer evolution.
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
This peer-reviewed source examines Thymosin beta 4.
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
PURPOSE: To summarize existing peer-reviewed data on 6 emerging peptides (BPC-157, thymosin beta-4 or TB-500, CJC-1295, MK-677, ipamorelin, and GHK-Cu [copper peptide]) for musculoskeletal recovery and enhancement in animal and human models. ... …
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
INTRODUCTION: Thymosin beta(4), a low molecular weight, naturally-occurring peptide plays a vital role in the repair and regeneration of injured cells and tissues. ...Thymosin beta(4) also decreases the number of myofibroblasts in wounds, …
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Actin dynamics in nonmuscle cells is controlled by the availability of actin nucleating sites and actin monomers. Thymosin beta-4 (Tbeta-4) has been implicated in modulating the availability of actin monomers in a large variety of cells. ...
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
The identification of a biological function of thymosin beta(4) was tedious. In 1990, Dan Safer and his colleagues recognized that thymosin beta(4) sequesters G-actin. ...Several biological effects are attributed to thymosin bet …
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Unbiased peptidomic analysis revealed enrichment of three SCO-derived peptides, namely, thymosin beta 4, thymosin beta 10 and NP24, and their reintroduction into SCO-ablated brain ventricles substantially rescued developmental defects. ...
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
This study aims to enhance the survival of fat grafts by investigating the role of thymosin beta-4 (Tbeta4) in facilitating mitochondrial transfer from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to adipocytes and newly formed blood vessels within the grafts via tunne …
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Thymosin beta 4 (T beta 4) is a 4.9 kDa polypeptide that interacts with G-actin and is thought to be an important mediator in cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. ...
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
BACKGROUND: Thymosin beta-4 (TB4) is an X-linked gene product with cardioprotective properties. Little is known about plasma concentration of TB4 in heart failure (HF), and its relationship with other cardiovascular biomarkers. ...
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Overexpression of thymosin beta-4 has been linked to malignant progression but the localization of this polypeptide within tumors is incompletely known. ...The degree of staining of breast cancer cells for thymosin beta-4 correlated neith …
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Thymosin beta 4 gene silencing promotes differentiation of neural stem cells whereas thymosin beta 4 overexpression initiates cortical folding of developing brain hemispheres. A role of thymosin beta 4 in malignant gl …
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Prion protein peptide (PrP) has demonstrated neurotoxicity in brain cells, resulting in the progression of prion diseases with spongiform degenerative, amyloidogenic, and aggregative properties. Thymosin beta 4 (Tbeta(4)) plays a role in the nervous system an …
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Consequentially, a need for substances which actively promote tympanic cell migration and proliferation is deemed essential. In our study, we utilized Thymosin beta-4 (TB4), a 43aa peptide possessing many regenerative properties in various organ systems. ...
2 represented evidence records
Years represented: 1997, 2012
Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research
2 represented evidence records
Years represented: 2020, 2023
Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research
2 represented evidence records
Years represented: 2024, 2025
Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research
2 represented evidence records
Years represented: 2017, 2023
Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research
2 represented evidence records
Years represented: 2012, 2023
Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research
2 represented evidence records
Years represented: 2017, 2023
Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2024
Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research