#1Proposed tier Unassignedpreclinical animalAwaiting human appraisal
Hexarelin promotes the survival of retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve transection.
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 41766237 · DOI 10.4103/ijp.ijp_176_24
preclinical-animal
Scientific intelligence record
Experience 2.0
Growth hormone secretagogue peptide
Synthetic hexapeptide growth-hormone secretagogue acting principally through the ghrelin receptor.
Record status
Traceability partial
Last meaningful update: 9/20/2026
Ranked research corpus
367
Categorized publications with transparent machine-proposed ranking; human appraisal pending.
global evidence atlas
This is a deduplicated literature screening registry—not a claim that every mention directly proves efficacy or safety. Machine proposals remain visibly separate from governed human appraisal.
367 matching records · ranked 2026-09-18
Page 1 of 15
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 41766237 · DOI 10.4103/ijp.ijp_176_24
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42619489 · DOI 10.1515/jbcpp-2026-0178
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42395176 · DOI 10.3389/fendo.2026.1822475
human-interventional
Europe PMC · 2025 · PMID 40465419 · DOI 10.1093/jat/bkaf038
human-interventional
Europe PMC · 2024 · PMID 38384295 · DOI 10.3389/fphar.2024.1303342
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2023 · PMID 37710348 · DOI 10.1186/s40001-023-01318-w
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2023 · PMID 36674509 · DOI 10.3390/ijms24020993
laboratory-mechanistic
Europe PMC · 2023 · PMID 37982184 · DOI 10.1039/d3nr05571j
preclinical-animal
WPF seed · 2022 · PMID 34856183 · DOI 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104280
laboratory-mechanistic
Europe PMC · 2021 · PMID 34221875 · DOI 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.019
preclinical-animal
WPF seed · 2021 · PMID 32893668 · DOI 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0218
preclinical-animal
WPF seed · 2021 · PMID 34066741 · DOI 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2005.02.004
laboratory-mechanistic
Europe PMC · 2021 · PMID 34066741 · DOI 10.3390/ph14050444
preclinical-animal
WPF seed · 2021 · PMID 34871336 · DOI 10.1164/rccm.201306-1141WS
laboratory-mechanistic
Europe PMC · 2021 · PMID 34871336 · DOI 10.33393/dti.2021.2347
contextual-unclassified
Europe PMC · 2021 · PMID 33368660 · DOI 10.1096/fj.202001924rr
preclinical-animal
WPF seed · 2021 · PMID 35126171 · DOI 10.1007/s00424-004-1243-z
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2021 · PMID 35126171 · DOI 10.3389/fphys.2021.766818
preclinical-animal
OpenAlex · 2020 · Source ID doi:10.36118/pharmadvances.01.2020.20 · DOI 10.36118/pharmadvances.01.2020.20
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2020 · Source ID doi:10.1101/2020.11.16.384321 · DOI 10.1101/2020.11.16.384321
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2020 · PMID 32403043 · DOI 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110165
preclinical-animal
WPF seed · 2020 · PMID 32754651 · DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04502
laboratory-mechanistic
Europe PMC · 2020 · PMID 31991924 · DOI 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020099
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2019 · PMID 30471349 · DOI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.11.013
preclinical-animal
OpenAlex · 2019 · Source ID doi:10.34297/ajbsr.2019.05.000938 · DOI 10.34297/ajbsr.2019.05.000938
preclinical-animal
governance and regulatory context
No new outcome conclusion is inferred from discovery metadata. Named accountable approval is required for governed scientific conclusions.
Absence of a record in this pass is not proof that no authorization exists. Status must remain jurisdiction-, product-, formulation-, and date-specific.
No machine-proposed evidence-strength grades exist yet for this compound; all screening records are unassigned pending further review.
Hexarelin evidence · ranking key
A tier describes the evidentiary role and design strength of a source. It is not a popularity score, proof that every conclusion is correct, or a substitute for claim-level review.
Large, well-conducted randomized trials; prespecified major outcomes; rigorous systematic reviews or meta-analyses; and major regulatory assessments.
Smaller randomized trials, strong prospective cohorts, prespecified secondary analyses, and high-quality comparative-effectiveness studies.
Retrospective cohorts, claims-database studies, pharmacovigilance analyses, mechanistic human research, and well-documented case series.
Case reports, conference abstracts, preclinical research, hypothesis-generating analyses, and expert commentary.
peptide explorer
Evidence-class labeling remains visible even when interactive rendering is unavailable. Representative geometry is not an experimentally determined or predicted biological conformation.
Fully specified molecular identity
Modified stereochemistry is exact in notation; the viewer is residue-order only.
Sources: NIH PubChem — Hexarelin / Examorelin · reviewed 2026-09-17
APA
World Peptide Foundation. (n.d.). Hexarelin — Peptide Scientific Intelligence. World Peptide Foundation. (Updated September 20, 2026.) https://www.worldpeptidefoundation.org/directory/hexarelin
AMA / Vancouver
World Peptide Foundation. Hexarelin — Peptide Scientific Intelligence. World Peptide Foundation website. Updated September 20, 2026. https://www.worldpeptidefoundation.org/directory/hexarelin
Featured tiered studies
0
Cornerstone publications with study-level interpretation, limitations, and tier disclosure.
Research domains
6
Clinical and scientific questions synthesized independently across the evidence atlas.
Governed reviewed evidence
25
Database records promoted through the governed publication workflow—not the corpus total.
Corpus generated 2026-09-18. Counts remain separately labeled to prevent automated screening from being represented as completed human review.
Human experience · separate evidence stream
Eligible observations remain below the privacy and reliability threshold. WPF will not convert a handful of reports into a percentage, trend, or clinical claim.
Observation is valuable human context. It is not evidence of causation, efficacy, or safety.
Public display gate
n ≥ 20 eligible observations
Exact progress remains private before the threshold.
Intelligence snapshot
A compact view of what is represented, what remains unresolved, and how completely the record can be traced.
Ranked research corpus
367
Categorized screening records; proposed rankings remain pending human appraisal.
Featured tiered studies
0
Cornerstone studies with published study-level interpretation and tier disclosure.
Research domains
6
Independent evidence dossiers covering the major research questions.
Governed reviewed evidence
25
Reviewed database records promoted through the governed publication workflow.
Contradictions
0
Conflicting evidence relationships that remain visible.
Research gaps
1
Questions the current record identifies as unresolved.
Connected media
0
Media records explicitly linked to this scientific record.
What we know
The project separates represented evidence from qualification, contradiction, uncertainty, and what the evidence does not establish.
Reconciled domain conclusions
Hexarelin no longer relies on the legacy “no public claim” state. Each research domain publishes a bounded conclusion, confidence level, evidence synthesis, limitations, geographic applicability, regulatory interpretation, and research gaps.
Inspect the reconciled evidence atlasPubMed-indexed clinical trial; journal article; randomized controlled trial examining hexarelin-induced growth hormone, cortisol, and prolactin release: a dose-response study. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed clinical trial; journal article examining does desensitization to hexarelin occur?. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
Scientific context
Existing reviewed chemistry is preserved as scientific context. Chemistry and mechanism information do not establish clinical efficacy or safety.
Chemical identity describes the recorded molecular information. It does not establish biological activity, clinical efficacy, safety, or therapeutic suitability.
Explore further
Move from this peptide record into the project's broader evidence, research, comparison, and methodology systems.
Research
Chronology, unresolved research questions, opportunities, and researcher activity remain descriptive rather than evaluative.
1996 · study · Temporal status not established
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
1998 · study · Temporal status not established
Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society
1999 · study · Temporal status not established
Clinical endocrinology
1999 · study · Temporal status not established
International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
1999 · study · Temporal status not established
Clinical endocrinology
2000 · study · Temporal status not established
Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals
2001 · study · Temporal status not established
The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology
2001 · study · Temporal status not established
Endocrine
2002 · study · Temporal status not established
The Journal of endocrinology
2003 · study · Temporal status not established
Journal of medicinal chemistry
2014 · study · Temporal status not established
BioMed research international
2014 · study · Temporal status not established
Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC
2017 · study · Temporal status not established
International heart journal
2018 · study · Temporal status not established
Sexual medicine reviews
2018 · study · Temporal status not established
International journal of molecular sciences
2018 · study · Temporal status not established
Physiological reports
2019 · study · Temporal status not established
Peptides
2019 · study · Temporal status not established
Turkish journal of medical sciences
2019 · study · Temporal status not established
Die Pharmazie
2020 · study · Temporal status not established
Heliyon
2021 · study · Temporal status not established
Drug target insights
2021 · study · Temporal status not established
Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
2021 · study · Temporal status not established
Frontiers in physiology
2021 · study · Temporal status not established
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
2022 · study · Temporal status not established
Microvascular research
2026 · regulatory · Temporal status not established
European Union
2026 · regulatory · Temporal status not established
United States
The represented chronology reflects records currently included in the governed dataset and does not claim to represent the entire scientific literature.
No institutional claim record is currently represented for this peptide.
Evidence is missing or not represented as studied; this is not a conclusion that the intervention does not work.
These are bibliographic author identities derived from represented records. Name strings are not proof of unique real-world researcher identity, and publishing organizations are not treated as institutional affiliations.
3 represented evidence records
Years represented: 2000, 2001, 2002
Publishing organizations appearing in records: Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Endocrine, The Journal of endocrinology
2 represented evidence records
Years represented: 1998, 1999
Publishing organizations appearing in records: Clinical endocrinology, Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society
2 represented evidence records
Years represented: 2003, 2021
Publishing organizations appearing in records: Journal of medicinal chemistry, Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
2 represented evidence records
Years represented: 2001, 2002
Publishing organizations appearing in records: Endocrine, The Journal of endocrinology
2 represented evidence records
Years represented: 2001, 2002
Connections
Connections appear only when they are represented by the project’s underlying records.
institution
institution
institution
institution
institution
institution
institution
institution
institution
institution
institution
institution
Traceability
The experience makes incomplete links visible instead of presenting a false impression of perfect provenance.
Source publication state
A governed source may be verified and approved for publication while its claim-to-evidence link is still incomplete.
Reviewer provenance state
“Human scientist reviewed: no” means that specific source-path attribution is not recorded. It does not silently negate the separate publication-review state.
Domain conclusion → Evidence
Connected
Evidence → Source
Connected
Source → Original record
Connected
Traceability documents how the project connects statements to records. It does not establish that a source is scientifically valid or that a claim is clinically true.
Reconciled for 6 domain conclusions and 0 featured studies.
Detailed study-to-domain mappings and original-source paths appear in the Hexarelin evidence-governance section.
Inspect the ranked source recordsObservational archive
Observational archive data is intentionally separated from published scientific evidence.
Observational boundary
Insufficient eligible observations are available for display under the current filters.
Insufficient eligible observations are currently represented to display aggregated findings for this peptide.
Regulatory context
Regulatory status is jurisdiction-specific and time-dependent. It is presented as context, not as a recommendation for use or a substitute for scientific evidence evaluation.
European Union
Regulator: Not represented
As of: 9/9/2026 · Temporal status not established
Regulatory context incomplete: regulator.
United States
Regulator: Not represented
As of: 9/9/2026 · Temporal status not established
Regulatory context incomplete: regulator.
Research + media
Only media explicitly linked through the project’s relationship system appears here.
No scientifically connected media is currently represented for this peptide.
Sources + provenance
Generated: 9/24/2026, 3:24:27 AM
Tier classifies source design and evidentiary role. Confidence reflects risk of bias, sample size, comparator quality, outcome relevance, follow-up, missing data, directness, replication, reporting quality, and whether conclusions stay within the measured results.
Funding and conflicts are disclosed and considered, but sponsorship never automatically changes a tier. Corrections, retractions, and expressions of concern override the original rating.
This is a representative, sequence-derived model ordered by residue position only. It is not the peptide's experimentally determined or predicted biological conformation, and it carries no claim about real bond angles, distances, secondary structure, binding sites, or activity.
PubMed-indexed clinical trial; journal article examining the effect of chronic hexarelin administration on the pituitary-adrenal axis and prolactin. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article; review examining we are ageing. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article; review examining the cardiovascular action of hexarelin. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining hexarelin attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm formation by inhibiting smc phenotype switch and inflammasome activation. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, n.i.h., extramural; review examining the safety and efficacy of growth hormone secretagogues. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article examining hexarelin modulates lung mechanics, inflammation, and fibrosis in acute lung injury. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article; review examining growth hormone in obesity. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article examining new active series of growth hormone secretagogues. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article examining sars-cov-2 rna dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) - a drug repurposing study. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining hexarelin as a test of pituitary reserve in patients with pituitary disease. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article examining hexarelin--evaluation of factors influencing oral bioavailability and ways to improve absorption. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article; review examining the cd36-pparγ pathway in metabolic disorders. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining hexarelin attenuates atherosclerosis via inhibiting lox-1-nf-κb signaling pathway-mediated macrophage ox-ldl uptake in apoe-/- mice. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article examining kinetics and disposition of hexarelin, a peptidic growth hormone secretagogue, in rats. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article examining modulation of pten by hexarelin attenuates coronary artery ligation-induced heart failure in rats. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article examining ghrelin receptor agonist hexarelin attenuates antinociceptive tolerance to morphine in rats. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article examining the growth hormone secretagogue hexarelin protects rat cardiomyocytes from in vivo ischemia/reperfusion injury through interleukin-1 signaling pathway. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining improvement of cardiomyocyte function by in vivo hexarelin treatment in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article examining using synchrotron radiation imaging techniques to elucidate the actions of hexarelin in the heart of small animal models. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed comparative study; journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining natural (ghrelin) and synthetic (hexarelin) gh secretagogues stimulate h9c2 cardiomyocyte cell proliferation. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining hexarelin protects cardiac h9c2 cells from angiotensin ii-induced hypertrophy via the regulation of autophagy. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining hexarelin protects h9c2 cardiomyocytes from doxorubicin-induced cell death. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article examining hexarelin modulation of mapk and pi3k/akt pathways in neuro-2a cells inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptotic toxicity. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
Publishing organizations appearing in records: Endocrine, The Journal of endocrinology
2 represented evidence records
Years represented: 1998, 1999
Publishing organizations appearing in records: Clinical endocrinology, Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society
3 represented evidence records
Years represented: 2003, 2021
Publishing organizations appearing in records: Drug target insights, Journal of medicinal chemistry, Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 1999
Publishing organizations appearing in records: Clinical endocrinology
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2001
Publishing organizations appearing in records: Endocrine
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 1996
Publishing organizations appearing in records: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2001
Publishing organizations appearing in records: The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2001
Publishing organizations appearing in records: Endocrine