WORLD PEPTIDEFOUNDATION

Where is Melanotan II being studied?

Find registered human studies, phases, products, recruitment status and reported research locations around the world. Registry search matches are separate from this profile’s reviewed evidence.

Find studies for Melanotan II →Worldwide registry directory

Scientific intelligence record

Experience 2.0

Melanocortin peptide analog

Melanotan II

Synthetic cyclic melanocortin-receptor agonist studied for pigmentation and other effects.

Record status

Traceability partial

Last meaningful update: 9/20/2026

Evidence searched through:
Not recorded
Assessment updated:
9/20/2026
Documented human review:
No documented human review recorded
Automated scientific assessment:
None recorded
AI source check:
9/26/2026

Published source links and profile text pass separate gates. Only a documented human review is labelled as human review; an automated scientific assessment applies deterministic checks, and an AI source check confirms only that a source exists and matches its identifiers. A source count alone does not establish a review.

Evidence coverage has three distinct layers. The corpus count is a transparent screening inventory, the featured set contains study-level tiering and interpretation, and the published-source count contains records promoted through the institutional publication workflow. Source validation, editorial publication, and scientific appraisal are separate decisions; these numbers must not be merged.

Ranked research corpus

183

Categorized publications with provisional ranking; scientific review remains separate.

Featured tiered studies

0

Cornerstone publications with study-level interpretation, limitations, and tier disclosure.

Research domains

6

Clinical and scientific questions synthesized independently across the evidence atlas.

Published source records

25

Database records promoted through the governed publication workflow—not the corpus total.

Corpus generated 2026-09-18. Counts remain separately labeled so screening is not represented as completed review.

Human experience · separate evidence stream

No community pattern is displayed yet

Eligible observations remain below the privacy and reliability threshold. WPF will not convert a handful of reports into a percentage, trend, or clinical claim.

Observation is valuable human context. It is not evidence of causation, efficacy, or safety.

Public display gate

n ≥ 20 eligible observations

Exact progress remains private before the threshold.

Contribute an observationArchive details

Intelligence snapshot

The state of the record

A compact view of what is represented, what remains unresolved, and how completely the record can be traced.

Ranked research corpus

183

Categorized screening records; proposed rankings remain pending human appraisal.

Featured tiered studies

0

Cornerstone studies with published study-level interpretation and tier disclosure.

Research domains

6

Independent evidence dossiers covering the major research questions.

Published source records

25

Source records published through the governed workflow; this count does not certify scientific conclusions.

Contradictions

0

Conflicting evidence relationships that remain visible.

Research gaps

1

Questions the current record identifies as unresolved.

Connected media

0

Media records explicitly linked to this scientific record.

What we know

Evidence, claims, and boundaries

The project separates represented evidence from qualification, contradiction, uncertainty, and what the evidence does not establish.

Reconciled domain conclusions

6 published domain syntheses connected to 0 featured studies

Melanotan II no longer relies on the legacy “no public claim” state. Each research domain publishes a bounded synthesis, confidence level, evidence context, limitations, geographic applicability, regulatory interpretation, and research gaps. Publication of these syntheses is separate from the scientific review status shown above.

Inspect the reconciled evidence atlas
Inspect the published evidence record25 governed records · titles, provenance, and original-source linksOpen records ↓
2005Phase 1–2 human evidence

Exercise-induced metallothionein expression in human skeletal muscle fibres.

PubMed-indexed clinical trial; journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't; retracted publication examining exercise-induced metallothionein expression in human skeletal muscle fibres. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors
Milena Penkowa; Pernille Keller; Charlotte Keller; Juan Hidalgo; Mercedes Giralt; Bente Klarlund Pedersen
Source
Experimental physiology
DOI
10.1113/expphysiol.2004.029371
PubMed
15640275
Open original source
2017Observational human evidence

Metallothionein in Brain Disorders.

PubMed-indexed journal article; review examining metallothionein in brain disorders. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors
Daniel Juárez-Rebollar; Camilo Rios; Concepción Nava-Ruíz; Marisela Méndez-Armenta
Source
Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
DOI
10.1016/j.jocn.2016.12.016
PubMed
29085556
Open original source
2011Observational human evidence

Expression of metallothionein-I and II in skin ageing and its association with skin proliferation.

PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining expression of metallothionein-i and ii in skin ageing and its association with skin proliferation. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors
C Ma; L-F Li; X Chen
Source
The British journal of dermatology
DOI
10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10117.x
PubMed
21054334
Open original source
2014Observational human evidence

1,4-disubstituted-[1,2,3]triazolyl-containing analogues of MT-II: design, synthesis, conformational analysis, and biological activity.

PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, n.i.h., extramural examining 1,4-disubstituted-[1,2,3]triazolyl-containing analogues of mt-ii: design, synthesis, conformational analysis, and biological activity. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors
Chiara Testa; Mario Scrima; Manuela Grimaldi; Anna M D'Ursi; Marvin L Dirain; Nadège Lubin-Germain; Anamika Singh; Carrie Haskell-Luevano; Michael Chorev; Paolo Rovero; Anna M Papini
Source
Journal of medicinal chemistry
DOI
10.1021/jm501027w
PubMed
25347033
Open original source
2007Observational human evidence

Characterization of metallothioneins (MT-I and MT-II) in the yak.

PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining characterization of metallothioneins (mt-i and mt-ii) in the yak. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors
J P Wu; B Y Ma; H W Ren; L P Zhang; Y Xiang; M A Brown
Source
Journal of animal science
DOI
10.2527/jas.2006-291
PubMed
17121968
Open original source
2024Observational human evidence

PKC-α is involved in the signaling of phagocytosis induced by two snake venom secretory PLA2S in macrophages.

PubMed-indexed journal article examining pkc-α is involved in the signaling of phagocytosis induced by two snake venom secretory pla2s in macrophages. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors
Juliana Pavan Zuliani; Norma Yamanouye; José María Gutiérrez; Catarina Teixeira
Source
Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology
DOI
10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107824
PubMed
38908525
Open original source
2005Observational human evidence

The role of MT in neurological disorders.

PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, n.i.h., extramural; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining the role of mt in neurological disorders. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors
Michael Aschner; Adrian K West
Source
Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD
DOI
10.3233/jad-2005-8206
PubMed
16308482
Open original source
2007Observational human evidence

The effects of the melanocortin agonist (MT-II) on subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in rodents.

PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, n.i.h., extramural examining the effects of the melanocortin agonist (mt-ii) on subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in rodents. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors
April D Strader; Haifei Shi; Ryuichi Ogawa; Randy J Seeley; Ofer Reizes
Source
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics
DOI
10.1124/jpet.107.123091
PubMed
17567964
Open original source
2002Observational human evidence

Expression of metallothionein isoforms in human chorioretinal complex.

PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, u.s. gov't, p.h.s. examining expression of metallothionein isoforms in human chorioretinal complex. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors
David J Tate; Michael V Miceli; David A Newsome
Source
Current eye research
DOI
10.1076/ceyr.24.1.12.5426
PubMed
12187490
Open original source
2002Observational human evidence

Evidence for oligomerization of metallothioneins in their functional state.

PubMed-indexed journal article examining evidence for oligomerization of metallothioneins in their functional state. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors
Tore W Wilhelmsen; Pål A Olsvik; Bjørn Henrik Hansen; Rolf A Andersen
Source
Journal of chromatography. A
DOI
10.1016/s0021-9673(02)01259-1
PubMed
12498255
Open original source
1999Observational human evidence

Structure-function studies on the cyclic peptide MT-II, lactam derivative of alpha-melanotropin.

PubMed-indexed journal article examining structure-function studies on the cyclic peptide mt-ii, lactam derivative of alpha-melanotropin. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors
M A Bednarek; M V Silva; B Arison; T MacNeil; R N Kalyani; R R Huang; D H Weinberg
Source
Peptides
DOI
10.1016/s0196-9781(99)00048-0
PubMed
10447101
Open original source
2003Observational human evidence

MT-II induces penile erection via brain and spinal mechanisms.

PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't; research support, u.s. gov't, p.h.s. examining mt-ii induces penile erection via brain and spinal mechanisms. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors
Hunter Wessells; Victor J Hruby; John Hackett; Guoxia Han; Preeti Balse-Srinivasan; Todd W Vanderah
Source
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
DOI
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb03166.x
PubMed
12851302
Open original source
1984Observational human evidence

Human metallothionein MT-I and MT-II processed genes.

PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining human metallothionein mt-i and mt-ii processed genes. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors
U Varshney; L Gedamu
Source
Gene
DOI
10.1016/0378-1119(84)90204-x
PubMed
6526271
Open original source
2020Observational human evidence

Development of Ligand-Drug Conjugates Targeting Melanoma through the Overexpressed Melanocortin 1 Receptor.

PubMed-indexed journal article examining development of ligand-drug conjugates targeting melanoma through the overexpressed melanocortin 1 receptor. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors
Yang Zhou; Saghar Mowlazadeh Haghighi; Zekun Liu; Lingzhi Wang; Victor J Hruby; Minying Cai
Source
ACS pharmacology & translational science
DOI
10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00488
PubMed
33073191
Open original source
2001Observational human evidence

Regulation of metallothionein gene expression.

PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, u.s. gov't, p.h.s.; review examining regulation of metallothionein gene expression. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors
K Ghoshal; S T Jacob
Source
Progress in nucleic acid research and molecular biology
DOI
10.1016/s0079-6603(00)66034-8
PubMed
11051769
Open original source
2020Case report

Melanotan II: a possible cause of renal infarction: review of the literature and case report.

PubMed-indexed case reports; journal article; review examining melanotan ii: a possible cause of renal infarction: review of the literature and case report. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors
Björn Peters; Henrik Hadimeri; Rebecka Wahlberg; Henri Afghahi
Source
CEN case reports
DOI
10.1080/01926230601156237
PubMed
31953620
Open original source
2024Case report

Barbie drug identification: Not a child's play.

PubMed-indexed case reports; journal article examining barbie drug identification: not a child's play. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors
Marine Deville; Corinne Charlier
Source
Journal of forensic sciences
DOI
10.1111/1556-4029.15633
PubMed
39302005
Open original source
2010Animal research

Development of high-fat-diet-induced obesity in female metallothionein-null mice.

PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining development of high-fat-diet-induced obesity in female metallothionein-null mice. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors
Masao Sato; Takashige Kawakami; Masuo Kondoh; Masufumi Takiguchi; Yoshito Kadota; Seiichiro Himeno; Shinya Suzuki
Source
FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
DOI
10.1096/fj.09-145466
PubMed
20219986
Open original source
2010Animal research

Attenuation of cadmium-induced testicular injury in metallothionein-III null mice.

PubMed-indexed comparative study; journal article examining attenuation of cadmium-induced testicular injury in metallothionein-iii null mice. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors
Akiko Honda; Hiroaki Komuro; Akinori Shimada; Tatsuya Hasegawa; Yoshiyuki Seko; Hisamitsu Nagase; Isao Hozumi; Takashi Inuzuka; Hideaki Hara; Yasuyuki Fujiwara; Masahiko Satoh
Source
Life sciences
DOI
10.1016/j.lfs.2010.09.009
PubMed
20851133
Open original source
2020Animal research

Sites and sources of sympathoexcitation in obese male rats: role of brain insulin.

PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, n.i.h., extramural; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining sites and sources of sympathoexcitation in obese male rats: role of brain insulin. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors
Zhigang Shi; Ding Zhao; Priscila A Cassaglia; Virginia L Brooks
Source
American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology
DOI
10.1124/jpet.112.194738
PubMed
31967846
Open original source
2000Animal research

Cytoprotection by metallothionein against gastroduodenal mucosal injury caused by ethanol in mice.

PubMed-indexed journal article examining cytoprotection by metallothionein against gastroduodenal mucosal injury caused by ethanol in mice. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors
H Takano; M Satoh; A Shimada; M Sagai; T Yoshikawa; C Tohyama
Source
Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology
DOI
10.1038/labinvest.3780041
PubMed
10744072
Open original source
2000Animal research

Radiation exposure does not alter metallothionein III isoform expression in mouse brain.

PubMed-indexed journal article examining radiation exposure does not alter metallothionein iii isoform expression in mouse brain. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors
S I Ono; L Cai; J Koropatnick; M G Cherian
Source
Biological trace element research
DOI
10.1385/BTER:74:1:23
PubMed
11049197
Open original source
1995Animal research

Metallothionein induction in neonatal rat primary astrocyte cultures protects against methylmercury cytotoxicity.

PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, u.s. gov't, non-p.h.s.; research support, u.s. gov't, p.h.s. examining metallothionein induction in neonatal rat primary astrocyte cultures protects against methylmercury cytotoxicity. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors
L Rising; D Vitarella; H K Kimelberg; M Aschner
Source
Journal of neurochemistry
DOI
10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65041562.x
PubMed
7561850
Open original source
1984Animal research

Regulation, linkage, and sequence of mouse metallothionein I and II genes.

PubMed-indexed comparative study; journal article; research support, u.s. gov't, p.h.s. examining regulation, linkage, and sequence of mouse metallothionein i and ii genes. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors
P F Searle; B L Davison; G W Stuart; T M Wilkie; G Norstedt; R D Palmiter
Source
Molecular and cellular biology
DOI
10.1128/mcb.4.7.1221-1230.1984
PubMed
6095054
Open original source
2020Laboratory research

Metallothioneins regulate ATP7A trafficking and control cell viability during copper deficiency and excess.

PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, n.i.h., extramural examining metallothioneins regulate atp7a trafficking and control cell viability during copper deficiency and excess. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.

Authors
Nikita Gudekar; Vinit Shanbhag; Yanfang Wang; Martina Ralle; Gary A Weisman; Michael J Petris
Source
Scientific reports
DOI
10.1073/pnas.1311749110
PubMed
32398691
Open original source

Scientific context

Chemistry and represented biological context

Existing reviewed chemistry is preserved as scientific context. Chemistry and mechanism information do not establish clinical efficacy or safety.

Open chemistry and biological context ↓
Chemical identity

Molecular and structural record

Structured record
Molecular formula
C50H69N15O9
Molecular weight (Da)
1024.2
InChIKey
JDKLPDJLXHXHNV-MFVUMRCOSA-N

Chemical identity describes the recorded molecular information. It does not establish biological activity, clinical efficacy, safety, or therapeutic suitability.

Explore further

Continue through the research system

Move from this peptide record into the project's broader evidence, research, comparison, and methodology systems.

Research discovery

Compare peptides

Examine represented peptide records side by side.

Evidence system

Explore how scientific evidence is represented and reviewed.

Research hub

Enter the broader research and intelligence environment.

Methodology

Review project methods, boundaries, and interpretation rules.

Research

How the scientific record is developing

Chronology, unresolved research questions, opportunities, and researcher activity remain descriptive rather than evaluative.

Research chronology

  1. 1984 · study · Temporal status not established

    Human metallothionein MT-I and MT-II processed genes.

    Gene

  2. 1984 · study · Temporal status not established

    Regulation, linkage, and sequence of mouse metallothionein I and II genes.

    Molecular and cellular biology

  3. 1995 · study · Temporal status not established

    Metallothionein induction in neonatal rat primary astrocyte cultures protects against methylmercury cytotoxicity.

    Journal of neurochemistry

  4. 1999 · study · Temporal status not established

    Structure-function studies on the cyclic peptide MT-II, lactam derivative of alpha-melanotropin.

    Peptides

  5. 2000 · study · Temporal status not established

    Cytoprotection by metallothionein against gastroduodenal mucosal injury caused by ethanol in mice.

    Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology

  6. 2000 · study · Temporal status not established

    Radiation exposure does not alter metallothionein III isoform expression in mouse brain.

    Biological trace element research

  7. 2001 · study · Temporal status not established

    Regulation of metallothionein gene expression.

    Progress in nucleic acid research and molecular biology

  8. 2002 · study · Temporal status not established

    Expression of metallothionein isoforms in human chorioretinal complex.

    Current eye research

  9. 2002 · study · Temporal status not established

    Evidence for oligomerization of metallothioneins in their functional state.

    Journal of chromatography. A

  10. 2003 · study · Temporal status not established

    MT-II induces penile erection via brain and spinal mechanisms.

    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

  11. 2005 · study · Temporal status not established

    Exercise-induced metallothionein expression in human skeletal muscle fibres.

    Experimental physiology

  12. 2005 · study · Temporal status not established

    The role of MT in neurological disorders.

    Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD

  13. 2007 · study · Temporal status not established

    Characterization of metallothioneins (MT-I and MT-II) in the yak.

    Journal of animal science

  14. 2007 · study · Temporal status not established

    The effects of the melanocortin agonist (MT-II) on subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in rodents.

    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics

  15. 2010 · study · Temporal status not established

    Development of high-fat-diet-induced obesity in female metallothionein-null mice.

    FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

  16. 2010 · study · Temporal status not established

    Attenuation of cadmium-induced testicular injury in metallothionein-III null mice.

    Life sciences

  17. 2011 · study · Temporal status not established

    Expression of metallothionein-I and II in skin ageing and its association with skin proliferation.

    The British journal of dermatology

  18. 2014 · study · Temporal status not established

    1,4-disubstituted-[1,2,3]triazolyl-containing analogues of MT-II: design, synthesis, conformational analysis, and biological activity.

    Journal of medicinal chemistry

  19. 2017 · study · Temporal status not established

    Metallothionein in Brain Disorders.

    Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity

  20. 2020 · study · Temporal status not established

    Development of Ligand-Drug Conjugates Targeting Melanoma through the Overexpressed Melanocortin 1 Receptor.

    ACS pharmacology & translational science

  21. 2020 · study · Temporal status not established

    Melanotan II: a possible cause of renal infarction: review of the literature and case report.

    CEN case reports

  22. 2020 · study · Temporal status not established

    Sites and sources of sympathoexcitation in obese male rats: role of brain insulin.

    American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology

  23. 2020 · study · Temporal status not established

    Metallothioneins regulate ATP7A trafficking and control cell viability during copper deficiency and excess.

    Scientific reports

  24. 2024 · study · Temporal status not established

    PKC-α is involved in the signaling of phagocytosis induced by two snake venom secretory PLA2S in macrophages.

    Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology

  25. 2024 · study · Temporal status not established

    Barbie drug identification: Not a child's play.

    Journal of forensic sciences

  26. 2026 · regulatory · Temporal status not established

    Regulatory review: not_approved

    European Union

  27. 2026 · regulatory · Temporal status not established

    Regulatory review: not_approved

    United States

The represented chronology reflects records currently included in the governed dataset and does not claim to represent the entire scientific literature.

What still needs investigation

Claim traceability

No institutional claim record is currently represented for this peptide.

Evidence is missing or not represented as studied; this is not a conclusion that the intervention does not work.

Researchers represented in the evidence record12 bibliographic identities · open to inspect

These are bibliographic author identities derived from represented records. Name strings are not proof of unique real-world researcher identity, and publishing organizations are not treated as institutional affiliations.

Victor J Hruby

2 represented evidence records

Years represented: 2003, 2020

Publishing organizations appearing in records: ACS pharmacology & translational science, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

A Shimada

1 represented evidence record

Years represented: 2000

Publishing organizations appearing in records: Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology

Adrian K West

1 represented evidence record

Years represented: 2005

Publishing organizations appearing in records: Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD

Akiko Honda

1 represented evidence record

Years represented: 2010

Publishing organizations appearing in records: Life sciences

Akinori Shimada

1 represented evidence record

Years represented: 2010

Publishing organizations appearing in records: Life sciences

Anamika Singh

1 represented evidence record

Years represented: 2014

Publishing organizations appearing in records: Journal of medicinal chemistry

Anna M D'Ursi

1 represented evidence record

Years represented: 2014

Publishing organizations appearing in records: Journal of medicinal chemistry

Anna M Papini

1 represented evidence record

Years represented: 2014

Publishing organizations appearing in records: Journal of medicinal chemistry

April D Strader

1 represented evidence record

Years represented: 2007

Publishing organizations appearing in records: The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics

B Arison

1 represented evidence record

Years represented: 1999

Publishing organizations appearing in records: Peptides

B L Davison

1 represented evidence record

Years represented: 1984

Publishing organizations appearing in records: Molecular and cellular biology

B Y Ma

1 represented evidence record

Years represented: 2007

Publishing organizations appearing in records: Journal of animal science

Connections

Follow the scientific relationships

Connections appear only when they are represented by the project’s underlying records.

Open 12 represented connections ↓

institution

Experimental physiology

represented evidence source

institution

Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity

represented evidence source

institution

The British journal of dermatology

represented evidence source

institution

Journal of medicinal chemistry

represented evidence source

institution

Journal of animal science

represented evidence source

institution

Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology

represented evidence source

institution

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD

represented evidence source

institution

The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics

represented evidence source

institution

Current eye research

represented evidence source

institution

Journal of chromatography. A

represented evidence source

institution

Peptides

represented evidence source

institution

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

represented evidence source

Traceability

Follow the record back to its source

The experience makes incomplete links visible instead of presenting a false impression of perfect provenance.

Source publication state

A governed source may be verified and approved for publication while its claim-to-evidence link is still incomplete.

Reviewer provenance state

“Human scientist reviewed: no” means that specific source-path attribution is not recorded. It does not silently negate the separate publication-review state.

Domain conclusion → Evidence

Connected

Evidence → Source

Connected

Source → Original record

Connected

Traceability documents how the project connects statements to records. It does not establish that a source is scientifically valid or that a claim is clinically true.

Reconciled for 6 domain conclusions and 0 featured studies.

Detailed study-to-domain mappings and original-source paths appear in the Melanotan II evidence-governance section.

Inspect the ranked source records

Observational archive

What contributors reported

Observational archive data is intentionally separated from published scientific evidence.

Observational boundary

Insufficient eligible observations are available for display under the current filters.

Insufficient eligible observations are currently represented to display aggregated findings for this peptide.

Regulatory context

Published jurisdictional records

Regulatory status is jurisdiction-specific and time-dependent. It is presented as context, not as a recommendation for use or a substitute for scientific evidence evaluation.

European Union

Regulator: Not represented

not_approved

As of: 9/9/2026 · Temporal status not established

Regulatory context incomplete: regulator.

EMA medicines portal

United States

Regulator: Not represented

not_approved

As of: 9/9/2026 · Temporal status not established

Regulatory context incomplete: regulator.

FDA compounding safety-risk list

Research + media

Media connected to this scientific record

Only media explicitly linked through the project’s relationship system appears here.

No scientifically connected media is currently represented for this peptide.

Sources + provenance

Read the scientific record with its boundaries intact

The public record organizes reviewed evidence; it does not establish scientific truth by itself.
Association, mechanism, observation and regulatory status must not be represented as proof of clinical efficacy or safety.
Observational reports describe contributor experiences and cannot establish causation, effectiveness, safety or clinical benefit.
Contradictory and qualifying evidence must remain visible rather than being silently discarded.
Absence of represented evidence is not evidence that research does not exist.
Research gaps identify unresolved questions; they are not negative conclusions.
Regulatory status is distinct from scientific evidence quality.
Media relationships provide context and explanation; they do not increase the strength of scientific evidence.
A section with no represented records is an incomplete project record, not a scientific conclusion.
Researcher and institutional relationships are shown only when supported by represented records and must not be interpreted as rankings or endorsements.

Generated: 11/8/2026, 5:25:05 PM

global evidence atlas

Melanotan II research, ranked and separated by purpose

This is a deduplicated literature screening registry—not a claim that every mention directly proves efficacy or safety. Machine proposals remain visibly separate from governed human appraisal.

183Discoverable source universe
183Ranked screening records
6Research domains
0Accountably approved conclusions

183 matching records · ranked 2026-09-18

Page 1 of 8

#3Proposed tier Unassignedcontextual unclassifiedAwaiting human appraisal

Melanotan ii

OpenAlex · 2026 · Source ID doi:10.1007/s40278-026-93507-7 · DOI 10.1007/s40278-026-93507-7

contextual-unclassified

#4Proposed tier Unassignedcontextual unclassifiedAwaiting human appraisal

TGA warns against use of Melanotan II

OpenAlex · 2026 · Source ID doi:10.1007/s40278-026-97428-8 · DOI 10.1007/s40278-026-97428-8

contextual-unclassified

#22Proposed tier Unassignedcontextual unclassifiedAwaiting human appraisal

Melanoma In-Situ Associated with Melanotan Ii Use

OpenAlex · 2021 · Source ID doi:10.61148/2766-8614/jccrcs/028 · DOI 10.61148/2766-8614/jccrcs/028

contextual-unclassified

Count reconciliation: 183 discoverable source records match the peptide identity query; 183 are retained in this bounded, ranked screening view; 0 belong to the separate governed layer labeled “Accountably approved conclusions.” Domain totals overlap because one publication may inform several questions.

governance and regulatory context

Melanotan II: what this atlas does and does not establish

Last checked
2026-09-18
Accountable publication approval
Not yet approved by a named accountable reviewer. Machine screening only.

No new outcome conclusion is inferred from discovery metadata. Named accountable approval is required for governed scientific conclusions.

Regulatory status by jurisdiction

Absence of a record in this pass is not proof that no authorization exists. Status must remain jurisdiction-, product-, formulation-, and date-specific.

No machine-proposed evidence-strength grades exist yet for this compound; all screening records are unassigned pending further review.

Melanotan II evidence · ranking key

How evidence is ranked

A tier describes the evidentiary role and design strength of a source. It is not a popularity score, proof that every conclusion is correct, or a substitute for claim-level review.

A

Practice-defining evidence

Large, well-conducted randomized trials; prespecified major outcomes; rigorous systematic reviews or meta-analyses; and major regulatory assessments.

B

Strong supporting evidence

Smaller randomized trials, strong prospective cohorts, prespecified secondary analyses, and high-quality comparative-effectiveness studies.

C

Contextual evidence

Retrospective cohorts, claims-database studies, pharmacovigilance analyses, mechanistic human research, and well-documented case series.

D

Signal-generating evidence

Case reports, conference abstracts, preclinical research, hypothesis-generating analyses, and expert commentary.

Tier and confidence answer different questions

Tier classifies source design and evidentiary role. Confidence reflects risk of bias, sample size, comparator quality, outcome relevance, follow-up, missing data, directness, replication, reporting quality, and whether conclusions stay within the measured results.

Funding and conflicts are disclosed and considered, but sponsorship never automatically changes a tier. Corrections, retractions, and expressions of concern override the original rating.

peptide explorer

Structural visualization and provenance

Evidence-class labeling remains visible even when interactive rendering is unavailable. Representative geometry is not an experimentally determined or predicted biological conformation.

Fully specified molecular identity

Molecular formula
C50H69N15O9
Molecular weight
1024.2 g/mol
Exact identity / sequence notation
Ac-Nle-cyclo[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-NH2
Identity-defining modifications
  • N-acetyl-norleucine
  • D-Phe4
  • Asp2–Lys7 side-chain lactam
  • C-terminal amide
PubChem CID
92432
InChIKey
JDKLPDJLXHXHNV-MFVUMRCOSA-N

Complete cyclic 2D identity; the schematic does not depict the lactam ring as a physical conformer.

Sources: NIH PubChem — Melanotan II · reviewed 2026-09-17

Representative sequence-derived model
Structure source
Generated from this record's governed amino-acid sequence
Identifier
Not applicable — not a database structure
Method
Schematic layout ordered by residue position only; not a molecular-dynamics, homology, or fold prediction
Confidence / limitations
Illustrative only. Not physically accurate; carries no structural, binding-site, or activity meaning.
Provenance
WPF governed PeptideChemistry record
Retrieved / last reviewed
2026-09-17

This is a representative, sequence-derived model ordered by residue position only. It is not the peptide's experimentally determined or predicted biological conformation, and it carries no claim about real bond angles, distances, secondary structure, binding sites, or activity.

Suggested citation

  • APA

    World Peptide Foundation. (n.d.). Melanotan II — Peptide Scientific Intelligence. World Peptide Foundation. (Updated September 20, 2026.) https://www.worldpeptidefoundation.org/directory/melanotan-ii

  • AMA / Vancouver

    World Peptide Foundation. Melanotan II — Peptide Scientific Intelligence. World Peptide Foundation website. Updated September 20, 2026. https://www.worldpeptidefoundation.org/directory/melanotan-ii