Scientific intelligence record
Experience 2.0
Antimicrobial peptide
Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide with membrane-active, immunomodulatory, and wound-biology roles.
Record status
Traceability partial
Last meaningful update: 9/20/2026
Ranked research corpus
500
Categorized publications with transparent machine-proposed ranking; human appraisal pending.
global evidence atlas
This is a deduplicated literature screening registry—not a claim that every mention directly proves efficacy or safety. Machine proposals remain visibly separate from governed human appraisal.
500 matching records · ranked 2026-09-18
Page 1 of 20
Europe PMC · 2026 · Source ID doi:10.20944/preprints202608.1009.v1 · DOI 10.20944/preprints202608.1009.v1
synthesis
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42445046 · DOI 10.1093/rb/rbag131
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 41647355 · DOI 10.3389/fbioe.2026.1751442
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2026 · Source ID doi:10.64898/2026.05.15.725401 · DOI 10.64898/2026.05.15.725401
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 40810749 · DOI 10.1007/s00421-025-05937-5
human-interventional
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42016145 · DOI 10.1002/cti2.70083
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 41923698 · DOI 10.1002/anie.202516436
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 41752164 · DOI 10.3390/ijms27042026
synthesis
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42560613 · DOI 10.1186/s11671-026-04853-7
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2026 · Source ID doi:10.64898/2025.12.26.25343039 · DOI 10.64898/2025.12.26.25343039
laboratory-mechanistic
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42011032 · DOI 10.1002/iid3.70446
laboratory-mechanistic
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42576411 · DOI 10.1111/exd.70341
synthesis
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 41941993 · DOI 10.1016/j.antiviral.2026.106401
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 41581938 · DOI 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2025.09.002
human-observational
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42372144 · DOI 10.1073/pnas.2535920123
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42118446 · DOI 10.1007/s12602-026-11044-4
human-interventional
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42005471 · DOI 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_958_25
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42644563 · DOI 10.1111/bjh.70783
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2026 · Source ID doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10553311/v1 · DOI 10.21203/rs.3.rs-10553311/v1
laboratory-mechanistic
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42278354 · DOI 10.3390/ijms27114823
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 41922497 · DOI 10.1038/s44259-026-00195-7
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42105526 · DOI 10.1016/j.bioorg.2026.109954
preclinical-animal
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 41167178 · DOI 10.3345/cep.2025.01256
human-interventional
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42308545 · DOI 10.1093/qjmed/hcag148
human-interventional
Europe PMC · 2026 · PMID 42492756 · DOI 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2026.103063
preclinical-animal
governance and regulatory context
No new outcome conclusion is inferred from discovery metadata. Named accountable approval is required for governed scientific conclusions.
Absence of a record in this pass is not proof that no authorization exists. Status must remain jurisdiction-, product-, formulation-, and date-specific.
No machine-proposed evidence-strength grades exist yet for this compound; all screening records are unassigned pending further review.
LL-37 evidence · ranking key
A tier describes the evidentiary role and design strength of a source. It is not a popularity score, proof that every conclusion is correct, or a substitute for claim-level review.
Large, well-conducted randomized trials; prespecified major outcomes; rigorous systematic reviews or meta-analyses; and major regulatory assessments.
Smaller randomized trials, strong prospective cohorts, prespecified secondary analyses, and high-quality comparative-effectiveness studies.
Retrospective cohorts, claims-database studies, pharmacovigilance analyses, mechanistic human research, and well-documented case series.
Case reports, conference abstracts, preclinical research, hypothesis-generating analyses, and expert commentary.
peptide explorer
Evidence-class labeling remains visible even when interactive rendering is unavailable. Representative geometry is not an experimentally determined or predicted biological conformation.
Fully specified molecular identity
Sequence identity is mapped to its UniProt precursor; the viewer does not assert one environment-independent LL-37 conformation.
Sources: UniProt — Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (P49913) · reviewed 2026-09-17
APA
World Peptide Foundation. (n.d.). LL-37 — Peptide Scientific Intelligence. World Peptide Foundation. (Updated September 20, 2026.) https://www.worldpeptidefoundation.org/directory/ll-37
AMA / Vancouver
World Peptide Foundation. LL-37 — Peptide Scientific Intelligence. World Peptide Foundation website. Updated September 20, 2026. https://www.worldpeptidefoundation.org/directory/ll-37
Featured tiered studies
0
Cornerstone publications with study-level interpretation, limitations, and tier disclosure.
Research domains
6
Clinical and scientific questions synthesized independently across the evidence atlas.
Governed reviewed evidence
25
Database records promoted through the governed publication workflow—not the corpus total.
Corpus generated 2026-09-18. Counts remain separately labeled to prevent automated screening from being represented as completed human review.
Human experience · separate evidence stream
Eligible observations remain below the privacy and reliability threshold. WPF will not convert a handful of reports into a percentage, trend, or clinical claim.
Observation is valuable human context. It is not evidence of causation, efficacy, or safety.
Public display gate
n ≥ 20 eligible observations
Exact progress remains private before the threshold.
Intelligence snapshot
A compact view of what is represented, what remains unresolved, and how completely the record can be traced.
Ranked research corpus
500
Categorized screening records; proposed rankings remain pending human appraisal.
Featured tiered studies
0
Cornerstone studies with published study-level interpretation and tier disclosure.
Research domains
6
Independent evidence dossiers covering the major research questions.
Governed reviewed evidence
25
Reviewed database records promoted through the governed publication workflow.
Contradictions
0
Conflicting evidence relationships that remain visible.
Research gaps
1
Questions the current record identifies as unresolved.
Connected media
0
Media records explicitly linked to this scientific record.
What we know
The project separates represented evidence from qualification, contradiction, uncertainty, and what the evidence does not establish.
Reconciled domain conclusions
LL-37 no longer relies on the legacy “no public claim” state. Each research domain publishes a bounded conclusion, confidence level, evidence synthesis, limitations, geographic applicability, regulatory interpretation, and research gaps.
Inspect the reconciled evidence atlasPubMed-indexed clinical trial; journal article examining circulating cathelicidin ll-37 in adult patients with pulmonary infectious diseases. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed comparative study; journal article; randomized controlled trial examining serum level of cathelicidin ll-37 in patients with active tuberculosis and other infectious diseases. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
Scientific context
Existing reviewed chemistry is preserved as scientific context. Chemistry and mechanism information do not establish clinical efficacy or safety.
Chemical identity describes the recorded molecular information. It does not establish biological activity, clinical efficacy, safety, or therapeutic suitability.
Explore further
Move from this peptide record into the project's broader evidence, research, comparison, and methodology systems.
Research
Chronology, unresolved research questions, opportunities, and researcher activity remain descriptive rather than evaluative.
2011 · study · Temporal status not established
Experimental cell research
2011 · study · Temporal status not established
American journal of physiology. Cell physiology
2011 · study · Temporal status not established
Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997)
2016 · study · Temporal status not established
Biochemical and biophysical research communications
2016 · study · Temporal status not established
BMC research notes
2017 · study · Temporal status not established
Clinical and investigative medicine. Medecine clinique et experimentale
2017 · study · Temporal status not established
Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents
2017 · study · Temporal status not established
The clinical respiratory journal
2017 · study · Temporal status not established
Psychiatry research
2017 · study · Temporal status not established
Medical mycology
2018 · study · Temporal status not established
BMC infectious diseases
2020 · study · Temporal status not established
Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease
2020 · study · Temporal status not established
International journal of rheumatic diseases
2021 · study · Temporal status not established
The Journal of investigative dermatology
2021 · study · Temporal status not established
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
2022 · study · Temporal status not established
Advanced healthcare materials
2022 · study · Temporal status not established
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
2023 · study · Temporal status not established
The Journal of investigative dermatology
2023 · study · Temporal status not established
Immunity, inflammation and disease
2024 · study · Temporal status not established
Biomedicine hub
2024 · study · Temporal status not established
Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France)
2024 · study · Temporal status not established
Biochemical and biophysical research communications
2024 · study · Temporal status not established
Peptides
2025 · study · Temporal status not established
Archives of dermatological research
2026 · study · Temporal status not established
The Journal of investigative dermatology
2026 · regulatory · Temporal status not established
European Union
2026 · regulatory · Temporal status not established
United States
The represented chronology reflects records currently included in the governed dataset and does not claim to represent the entire scientific literature.
No institutional claim record is currently represented for this peptide.
Evidence is missing or not represented as studied; this is not a conclusion that the intervention does not work.
These are bibliographic author identities derived from represented records. Name strings are not proof of unique real-world researcher identity, and publishing organizations are not treated as institutional affiliations.
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2026
Publishing organizations appearing in records: The Journal of investigative dermatology
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2018
Publishing organizations appearing in records: BMC infectious diseases
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2017
Publishing organizations appearing in records: The clinical respiratory journal
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2024
Publishing organizations appearing in records: Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France)
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2017
Publishing organizations appearing in records: Psychiatry research
Connections
Connections appear only when they are represented by the project’s underlying records.
institution
institution
institution
institution
institution
institution
institution
institution
institution
institution
institution
institution
Traceability
The experience makes incomplete links visible instead of presenting a false impression of perfect provenance.
Source publication state
A governed source may be verified and approved for publication while its claim-to-evidence link is still incomplete.
Reviewer provenance state
“Human scientist reviewed: no” means that specific source-path attribution is not recorded. It does not silently negate the separate publication-review state.
Domain conclusion → Evidence
Connected
Evidence → Source
Connected
Source → Original record
Connected
Traceability documents how the project connects statements to records. It does not establish that a source is scientifically valid or that a claim is clinically true.
Reconciled for 6 domain conclusions and 0 featured studies.
Detailed study-to-domain mappings and original-source paths appear in the LL-37 evidence-governance section.
Inspect the ranked source recordsObservational archive
Observational archive data is intentionally separated from published scientific evidence.
Observational boundary
Insufficient eligible observations are available for display under the current filters.
Insufficient eligible observations are currently represented to display aggregated findings for this peptide.
Regulatory context
Regulatory status is jurisdiction-specific and time-dependent. It is presented as context, not as a recommendation for use or a substitute for scientific evidence evaluation.
European Union
Regulator: Not represented
As of: 9/9/2026 · Temporal status not established
Regulatory context incomplete: regulator.
United States
Regulator: Not represented
As of: 9/9/2026 · Temporal status not established
Regulatory context incomplete: regulator.
Research + media
Only media explicitly linked through the project’s relationship system appears here.
No scientifically connected media is currently represented for this peptide.
Sources + provenance
Generated: 9/24/2026, 3:24:32 AM
Tier classifies source design and evidentiary role. Confidence reflects risk of bias, sample size, comparator quality, outcome relevance, follow-up, missing data, directness, replication, reporting quality, and whether conclusions stay within the measured results.
Funding and conflicts are disclosed and considered, but sponsorship never automatically changes a tier. Corrections, retractions, and expressions of concern override the original rating.
This is a representative, sequence-derived model ordered by residue position only. It is not the peptide's experimentally determined or predicted biological conformation, and it carries no claim about real bond angles, distances, secondary structure, binding sites, or activity.
PubMed-indexed journal article examining salivary cathelicidin (ll-37) in children and adolescents living with hiv. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article examining cathelicidin ll-37 (an antimicrobial peptide)-induced colistin dependence in acinetobacter baumannii. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article; multicenter study examining cathelicidin (ll-37) and human β2-defensin levels of children with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article examining the impact of cathelicidin, the human antimicrobial peptide ll-37 in urinary tract infections. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article examining study of cathelicidin (ll-37) immunoexpression in the skin of vitiligo patients. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining human cathelicidin ll-37 inhibits platelet aggregation and thrombosis via src/pi3k/akt signaling. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining cathelicidin ll-37 activates human keratinocyte autophagy through the p2x₇, mechanistic target of rapamycin, and mapk pathways. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining the human cathelicidin, ll-37, induces granzyme-mediated apoptosis in cytotoxic t lymphocytes. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article examining serum levels of peptide cathelicidin ll-37 in elderly patients with depression. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article; comment examining cathelicidin ll-37 ignites primed nlrp3 inflammasomes in rosacea. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, n.i.h., extramural; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining engineered exosomes containing cathelicidin/ll-37 exhibit multiple biological functions. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article examining cathelicidin (ll-37) level in the scalp hair of patients with tinea capitis. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed comparative study; journal article examining salivary and serum cathelicidin ll-37 levels in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis and chronic periodontitis. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article examining human cathelicidin, ll-37 a potential antiviral therapeutic for rift valley fever virus in egypt. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining vitamin d triggers hcap18/ll-37 production: implications for ll-37-induced human osteoblast cytotoxicity. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article examining efficacy of cathelicidin ll-37 in an mrsa wound infection mouse model. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining cathelicidin ll-37 promotes wound healing in diabetic mice by regulating tfeb-dependent autophagy. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining cathelicidin (ll-37) causes expression of inflammatory factors in coronary artery endothelial cells of kawasaki disease by activating tlr4-nf-κb-nlrp3 signaling. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, n.i.h., extramural; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining cathelicidin ll-37 peptide regulates endothelial cell stiffness and endothelial barrier permeability. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining the human cathelicidin, ll-37, induces granzyme-mediated apoptosis in regulatory t cells. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining human cathelicidin peptide ll-37 induces cell death in autophagy-dysfunctional endothelial cells. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article examining human cathelicidin, ll-37, inhibits respiratory syncytial virus infection in polarized airway epithelial cells. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
PubMed-indexed journal article examining cathelicidin ll-37-induced transcriptome of human keratinocyte identifies chemokine cxcl10 link to t-cell-mediated rosacea pathogenesis through jak1/stat1 pathway. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2022
Publishing organizations appearing in records: Advanced healthcare materials
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2017
Publishing organizations appearing in records: The clinical respiratory journal
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2022
Publishing organizations appearing in records: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2024
Publishing organizations appearing in records: Biochemical and biophysical research communications
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2011
Publishing organizations appearing in records: American journal of physiology. Cell physiology
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2024
Publishing organizations appearing in records: Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France)
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2024
Publishing organizations appearing in records: Biomedicine hub