Scientific intelligence record
Experience 2.0
GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist
Tirzepatide is a long-acting peptide agonist at GIP and GLP-1 receptors. Controlled programs evaluate glycemic control, chronic weight management, withdrawal, obesity-related obstructive sleep apnea, HFpEF with obesity, and MASH. Regulatory conclusions remain indication- and label-specific.
Record status
Traceability partial
Last meaningful update: 9/9/2026
Ranked research corpus
500
Categorized publications with transparent machine-proposed ranking; human appraisal pending.
global evidence atlas
This is a deduplicated literature screening registry—not a claim that every mention directly proves efficacy or safety. Machine proposals remain visibly separate from governed human appraisal.
500 matching records · ranked 2026-09-18
Page 1 of 20
Expert opinion on drug safety · 2026 Jun · PMID 41200927 · DOI 10.1080/14740338.2025.2586703
Weight loss and obesity · Type 2 diabetes and glycemia · Safety and tolerability · Comparative effectiveness · Mechanism and pharmacology
Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026 Feb 27 · PMID 41761267 · DOI 10.1186/s12933-026-03113-3
Type 2 diabetes and glycemia · Cardiovascular outcomes · Comparative effectiveness · Mechanism and pharmacology
Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026 Jun · PMID 41936548 · DOI 10.1002/oby.70169
Weight loss and obesity · Type 2 diabetes and glycemia · Comparative effectiveness · Mechanism and pharmacology
Postgraduate medical journal · 2026 May 20 · PMID 41536268 · DOI 10.1093/postmj/qgaf238
Weight loss and obesity · Type 2 diabetes and glycemia · Real-world outcomes
Advances in therapy · 2026 May · PMID 41820778 · DOI 10.1007/s12325-026-03523-5
Weight loss and obesity · Safety and tolerability · Comparative effectiveness
Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026 Jul · PMID 42050884 · DOI 10.1111/dom.70773
Weight loss and obesity · Safety and tolerability · Comparative effectiveness
Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026 Aug · PMID 42115707 · DOI 10.1111/dom.70859
Type 2 diabetes and glycemia · Cardiovascular outcomes · Comparative effectiveness
Cureus · 2026 May · PMID 42326175 · DOI 10.7759/cureus.109350
Weight loss and obesity · Type 2 diabetes and glycemia · Cardiovascular outcomes
Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2026 Sep · PMID 42442557 · DOI 10.1016/j.diabres.2026.113431
Weight loss and obesity · Type 2 diabetes and glycemia · Cardiovascular outcomes
Journal of diabetes · 2026 Feb · PMID 41664890 · DOI 10.1111/1753-0407.70192
Weight loss and obesity · Comparative effectiveness
Disease-a-month : DM · 2026 Jun · PMID 41862384 · DOI 10.1016/j.disamonth.2026.102099
Heart failure · Safety and tolerability
BMC medicine · 2026 Mar 27 · PMID 41896878 · DOI 10.1186/s12916-026-04824-w
Cardiovascular outcomes · Safety and tolerability
Clinical obesity · 2026 Oct · PMID 42670242 · DOI 10.1111/cob.70111
Weight loss and obesity · Comparative effectiveness
World journal of diabetes · 2025 Feb 15 · PMID 39959269 · DOI 10.4239/wjd.v16.i2.101282
Type 2 diabetes and glycemia · Kidney outcomes · Safety and tolerability
Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025 Jun · PMID 40214900 · DOI 10.1007/s13300-025-01728-5
Type 2 diabetes and glycemia · Safety and tolerability · Comparative effectiveness
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025 Apr 30 · PMID 40430487 · DOI 10.3390/ph18050668
Weight loss and obesity · Type 2 diabetes and glycemia · Safety and tolerability
Journal of obesity · 2025 · PMID 40746703 · DOI 10.1155/jobe/3442754
Weight loss and obesity · Comparative effectiveness · Mechanism and pharmacology
Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2025 Oct · PMID 41100405 · DOI 10.1002/dmrr.70097
Weight loss and obesity · Type 2 diabetes and glycemia · Heart failure
TouchREVIEWS in endocrinology · 2024 Oct · PMID 39526060 · DOI 10.17925/EE.2024.20.2.10
Weight loss and obesity · Type 2 diabetes and glycemia · Safety and tolerability · Mechanism and pharmacology
Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026 Feb · PMID 41032183 · DOI 10.1007/s11154-025-09991-4
Mechanism and pharmacology
Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026 · PMID 41908834 · DOI 10.3389/fphar.2026.1735987
Safety and tolerability
Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026 · PMID 42137317 · DOI 10.3389/fphar.2026.1834664
Safety and tolerability
Endocrine · 2026 Aug 15 · PMID 42603240 · DOI 10.1007/s12020-026-04757-7
Cardiovascular outcomes
Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026 Sep 15 · PMID 42714458 · DOI 10.1161/JAHA.125.044249
Weight loss and obesity
Journal of diabetes investigation · 2025 Jan · PMID 39569606 · DOI 10.1111/jdi.14340
Weight loss and obesity · Type 2 diabetes and glycemia
Tirzepatide evidence · ranking key
A tier describes the evidentiary role and design strength of a source. It is not a popularity score, proof that every conclusion is correct, or a substitute for claim-level review.
Large, well-conducted randomized trials; prespecified major outcomes; rigorous systematic reviews or meta-analyses; and major regulatory assessments.
Smaller randomized trials, strong prospective cohorts, prespecified secondary analyses, and high-quality comparative-effectiveness studies.
Retrospective cohorts, claims-database studies, pharmacovigilance analyses, mechanistic human research, and well-documented case series.
Case reports, conference abstracts, preclinical research, hypothesis-generating analyses, and expert commentary.
peptide explorer
Evidence-class labeling remains visible even when interactive rendering is unavailable. Representative geometry is not an experimentally determined or predicted biological conformation.
Fully specified molecular identity
Complete compound identity includes the lipid linker. Published receptor complexes are partial; the viewer is explicitly representative.
Sources: NIH PubChem — Tirzepatide · reviewed 2026-09-17
APA
World Peptide Foundation. (n.d.). Tirzepatide — Peptide Scientific Intelligence. World Peptide Foundation. (Reviewed September 8, 2026.) https://www.worldpeptidefoundation.org/directory/tirzepatide
AMA / Vancouver
World Peptide Foundation. Tirzepatide — Peptide Scientific Intelligence. World Peptide Foundation website. Reviewed September 8, 2026. https://www.worldpeptidefoundation.org/directory/tirzepatide
Featured tiered studies
137
Cornerstone publications with study-level interpretation, limitations, and tier disclosure.
Research domains
13
Clinical and scientific questions synthesized independently across the evidence atlas.
Governed reviewed evidence
25
Database records promoted through the governed publication workflow—not the corpus total.
Corpus generated 2026-09-18. Counts remain separately labeled to prevent automated screening from being represented as completed human review.
Human experience · separate evidence stream
Eligible observations remain below the privacy and reliability threshold. WPF will not convert a handful of reports into a percentage, trend, or clinical claim.
Observation is valuable human context. It is not evidence of causation, efficacy, or safety.
Public display gate
n ≥ 20 eligible observations
Exact progress remains private before the threshold.
Intelligence snapshot
A compact view of what is represented, what remains unresolved, and how completely the record can be traced.
Ranked research corpus
500
Categorized screening records; proposed rankings remain pending human appraisal.
Featured tiered studies
137
Cornerstone studies with published study-level interpretation and tier disclosure.
Research domains
13
Independent evidence dossiers covering the major research questions.
Governed reviewed evidence
25
Reviewed database records promoted through the governed publication workflow.
Contradictions
0
Conflicting evidence relationships that remain visible.
Research gaps
1
Questions the current record identifies as unresolved.
Connected media
0
Media records explicitly linked to this scientific record.
What we know
The project separates represented evidence from qualification, contradiction, uncertainty, and what the evidence does not establish.
Reconciled domain conclusions
Tirzepatide no longer relies on the legacy “no public claim” state. Each research domain publishes a bounded conclusion, confidence level, evidence synthesis, limitations, geographic applicability, regulatory interpretation, and research gaps.
Inspect the reconciled evidence atlasThis score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated baseline based on evidence tier; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise it
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
In 731 adults with HFpEF and obesity, tirzepatide reduced cardiovascular death or worsening heart-failure events and improved health status versus placebo.
Scientific context
Existing reviewed chemistry is preserved as scientific context. Chemistry and mechanism information do not establish clinical efficacy or safety.
Chemical identity describes the recorded molecular information. It does not establish biological activity, clinical efficacy, safety, or therapeutic suitability.
Explore further
Move from this peptide record into the project's broader evidence, research, comparison, and methodology systems.
Research
Chronology, unresolved research questions, opportunities, and researcher activity remain descriptive rather than evaluative.
2021 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2021 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2021 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2022 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2022 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2022 · study · Temporal status not established
systematic_review_or_meta_analysis
2022 · study · Temporal status not established
systematic_review_or_meta_analysis
2022 · study · Temporal status not established
systematic_review_or_meta_analysis
2023 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2023 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2023 · study · Temporal status not established
systematic_review_or_meta_analysis
2024 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2024 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2024 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2024 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2024 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2025 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2025 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2025 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2025 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2025 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2025 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2025 · study · Temporal status not established
systematic_review_or_meta_analysis
2026 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2026 · study · Temporal status not established
systematic_review_or_meta_analysis
2026 · regulatory · Temporal status not established
European Union (EMA)
2026 · regulatory · Temporal status not established
United States (FDA)
The represented chronology reflects records currently included in the governed dataset and does not claim to represent the entire scientific literature.
No institutional claim record is currently represented for this peptide.
Evidence is missing or not represented as studied; this is not a conclusion that the intervention does not work.
These are bibliographic author identities derived from represented records. Name strings are not proof of unique real-world researcher identity, and publishing organizations are not treated as institutional affiliations.
2 represented evidence records
Years represented: 2022, 2025
Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research, systematic_review_or_meta_analysis
2 represented evidence records
Years represented: 2022, 2025
Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research
2 represented evidence records
Years represented: 2022, 2025
Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research, systematic_review_or_meta_analysis
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2025
Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research
2 represented evidence records
Years represented: 2025
Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research
Connections
Connections appear only when they are represented by the project’s underlying records.
institution
institution
Traceability
The experience makes incomplete links visible instead of presenting a false impression of perfect provenance.
Source publication state
A governed source may be verified and approved for publication while its claim-to-evidence link is still incomplete.
Reviewer provenance state
“Human scientist reviewed: no” means that specific source-path attribution is not recorded. It does not silently negate the separate publication-review state.
Domain conclusion → Evidence
Connected
Evidence → Source
Connected
Source → Original record
Connected
Traceability documents how the project connects statements to records. It does not establish that a source is scientifically valid or that a claim is clinically true.
Reconciled for 13 domain conclusions and 137 featured studies.
Detailed study-to-domain mappings and original-source paths appear in the Tirzepatide evidence-governance section.
Inspect the ranked source recordsObservational archive
Observational archive data is intentionally separated from published scientific evidence.
Observational boundary
Insufficient eligible observations are available for display under the current filters.
Insufficient eligible observations are currently represented to display aggregated findings for this peptide.
Regulatory context
Regulatory status is jurisdiction-specific and time-dependent. It is presented as context, not as a recommendation for use or a substitute for scientific evidence evaluation.
European Union (EMA)
Regulator: EMA
As of: 9/8/2026 · Temporal status not established
United States (FDA)
Regulator: FDA
As of: 9/8/2026 · Temporal status not established
Research + media
Only media explicitly linked through the project’s relationship system appears here.
No scientifically connected media is currently represented for this peptide.
Sources + provenance
Generated: 9/24/2026, 3:25:45 AM
Tier classifies source design and evidentiary role. Confidence reflects risk of bias, sample size, comparator quality, outcome relevance, follow-up, missing data, directness, replication, reporting quality, and whether conclusions stay within the measured results.
Funding and conflicts are disclosed and considered, but sponsorship never automatically changes a tier. Corrections, retractions, and expressions of concern override the original rating.
This is a representative, sequence-derived model ordered by residue position only. It is not the peptide's experimentally determined or predicted biological conformation, and it carries no claim about real bond angles, distances, secondary structure, binding sites, or activity.
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated baseline based on evidence tier; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise it
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
In 938 adults with type 2 diabetes, tirzepatide reduced weight more than placebo at 72 weeks; gastrointestinal events were most common.
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated baseline based on evidence tier; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise it
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
In 478 adults, tirzepatide monotherapy reduced HbA1c and weight versus placebo; gastrointestinal events were most common.
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated baseline based on evidence tier; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise it
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
In 1,879 adults, tirzepatide was superior to semaglutide 1 mg for HbA1c change and weight reduction at 40 weeks; gastrointestinal events predominated.
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated baseline based on evidence tier; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise it
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
In 2,002 high-risk adults, tirzepatide improved HbA1c and weight versus insulin glargine without evidence of excess cardiovascular risk in the prespecified analysis.
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated baseline based on evidence tier; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise it
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
In 2,539 adults without diabetes, tirzepatide produced large dose-dependent weight reductions versus placebo; gastrointestinal events occurred mainly during escalation.
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated baseline based on evidence tier; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise it
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
After an intensive lifestyle lead-in, 579 adults were randomized and tirzepatide produced additional weight reduction versus placebo.
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated baseline based on evidence tier; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise it
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
After a tirzepatide lead-in, 670 participants were randomized; continued treatment maintained and extended loss, while withdrawal led to regain.
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated baseline based on evidence tier; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise it
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Two phase 3 trials in 469 adults with obesity and moderate-to-severe OSA found reductions in apnea-hypopnea index and weight versus placebo.
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Current treatment options for youth-onset type 2 diabetes are limited and have demonstrated lower glycaemic efficacy than those for adult-onset type 2 diabetes. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of tirzepatide, a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and GLP-1 receptor agonist, compared with placebo in youth-onset type 2 diabetes. We conducted a phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre (39 sites), multinational (eight countries) trial over 30 weeks, followed by an open-label extension for 22 weeks in which all participants received tirzepatide. Participants aged 10 to <18 years with youth-onset type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin and/or...
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
The effects of tirzepatide, a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, as an addition to insulin glargine for treatment of type 2 diabetes have not been described. To assess the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide added to insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes with inadequate glycemic control. Randomized phase 3 clinical trial conducted at 45 medical research centers and hospitals in 8 countries (enrollment from August 30, 2019, to March 20, 2020; follow-up completed January 13, 2021) in 475 adults with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycemic control while treated with once-daily insulin glargine with or without metformin....
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Tirzepatide, a dual incretin agonist of the glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptors, has favorable effects on glycemic control and body weight. The effects on cardiovascular outcomes are uncertain. We conducted an active-comparator-controlled, double-blind, noninferiority trial in which patients with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive a weekly subcutaneous injection of tirzepatide (up to 15 mg) or dulaglutide (1.5 mg), an agent that has been shown to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events. The primary end point was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes,...
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
We assessed changes in body composition following tirzepatide treatment in a substudy of participants with obesity or overweight from the SURMOUNT-1 trial, overall and post hoc in clinically relevant subgroups. Substudy participants (n = 160 of the 2539 in SURMOUNT-1) underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at baseline and Week 72. Body composition parameters were evaluated by analysis of covariance, logistic regression or Fisher's exact test. Post hoc subgroup analyses were conducted by sex (female or male), age (<50, 50 to <65, or ≥65 years) and total body weight reduction tertiles (≤15.3 kg, >15.3 to ≤25.9 kg, or >25.9 kg). The 160 participants (pooled tirzepatide doses n =...
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Tirzepatide and semaglutide are highly effective medications for obesity management. The efficacy and safety of tirzepatide as compared with semaglutide in adults with obesity but without type 2 diabetes is unknown. In this phase 3b, open-label, controlled trial, adult participants with obesity but without type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive the maximum tolerated dose of tirzepatide (10 mg or 15 mg) or the maximum tolerated dose of semaglutide (1.7 mg or 2.4 mg) subcutaneously once weekly for 72 weeks. The primary end point was the percent change in weight from baseline to week 72. Key secondary end points included weight reductions of at least 10%, 15%, 20%,...
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Obesity has become a global public health concern and China has the largest number of affected people worldwide. To assess the efficacy and safety of treatment with tirzepatide for weight reduction in Chinese adults with obesity or overweight and weight-related comorbidities. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 clinical trial conducted at 29 centers in China from September 2021 to December 2022 included Chinese adults (aged ≥18 years) with a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 28 or greater than or equal to 24 and at least 1 weight-related comorbidity, excluding diabetes. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive once-weekly, subcutaneous...
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Obesity is a chronic disease and causal precursor to myriad other conditions, including type 2 diabetes. In an earlier analysis of the SURMOUNT-1 trial, tirzepatide was shown to provide substantial and sustained reductions in body weight in persons with obesity over a 72-week period. Here, we report the 3-year safety outcomes with tirzepatide and its efficacy in reducing weight and delaying progression to type 2 diabetes in persons with both obesity and prediabetes. We performed a phase 3, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial in which 2539 participants with obesity, of whom 1032 also had prediabetes, were assigned in a 1:1:1:1 ratio to receive tirzepatide at a once-weekly dose of 5...
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated baseline based on evidence tier; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise it
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
In 190 adults with biopsy-confirmed MASH and F2/F3 fibrosis, tirzepatide increased histologic MASH resolution without worsening fibrosis at 52 weeks.
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Although tirzepatide and semaglutide were shown to reduce weight in randomized clinical trials, data from head-to-head comparisons in populations with overweight or obesity are not yet available. To compare on-treatment weight loss and rates of gastrointestinal adverse events (AEs) among adults with overweight or obesity receiving tirzepatide or semaglutide labeled for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a clinical setting. In this cohort study, adults with overweight or obesity receiving semaglutide or tirzepatide between May 2022 and September 2023 were identified using electronic health record (EHR) data linked to dispensing information from a collective of US health care systems. On-treatment...
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Tirzepatide is a novel, once weekly, dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist and is under development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Its association with cardiovascular outcomes requires evaluation. This pre-specified cardiovascular meta-analysis included all seven randomized controlled trials with a duration of at least 26 weeks from the tirzepatide T2D clinical development program, SURPASS. The pre-specified primary objective of this meta-analysis was the comparison of the time to first occurrence of confirmed four-component major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE-4; cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke and hospitalized unstable angina) between pooled...
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
To assess the real-world effectiveness of semaglutide versus tirzepatide in reducing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) among patients with overweight/obesity and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) without diabetes in an insured US population. This retrospective, observational cohort study used Komodo Research Data and included patients ≥45 years of age with overweight/obesity and ≥1 claim for myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke, or peripheral artery disease first treated with semaglutide or tirzepatide between 13/5/2022-31/1/2025. Propensity score matching was used to balance key baseline characteristics between cohorts. Primary outcomes included...
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize the available data from clinical trials and assess the safety issues of tirzepatide (pancreatitis and gallbladder or biliary disease) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. A systematic search was conducted in three electronic databases, namely Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library, up until March 1, 2023, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing tirzepatide to either placebo or active hypoglycemic drugs in individuals with T2D and obesity. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 value and Cochran's Q test, and a fixed effects model was employed to estimate the safety profile of tirzepatide. The safety...
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Tirzepatide, a dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, has shown significant metabolic benefits and weight reduction, but its anti-inflammatory effects have been less studied. This study was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, including observational (cohort) studies and randomized clinical trials that evaluated tirzepatide use and reported percentage changes in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). A random-effects model was used. Seven randomized clinical trials and one observational study were included (six studies were eligible for meta-analysis). Compared to placebo, tirzepatide reduced hsCRP (mean difference [MD]: -32.9; 95% confidence...
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Tirzepatide is a new molecule capable of controlling glucose blood levels by combining the dual agonism of Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors. GIP and GLP1 are incretin hormones: they are released in the intestine in response to nutrient intake and stimulate pancreatic beta cell activity secreting insulin. GIP and GLP1 also have other metabolic functions. GLP1, in particular, reduces food intake and delays gastric emptying. Moreover, Tirzepatide has been shown to improve blood pressure and to reduce Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides. Tirzepatide efficacy and safety were assessed in a phase III SURPASS...
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Tirzepatide is a once-weekly dual agonist, acting on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptors. It is approved at the same doses (5, 10 and 15 mg) for both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic weight management. Following a search in PubMed, clinicaltrials.gov, conference abstracts and Lilly website, we review herein the global phase 3 SURMOUNT program on tirzepatide's safety and efficacy for chronic weight management. Additionally, we discuss findings from the regional SURMOUNT-CN and SURMOUNT-J trials (in East-Asian populations) and the phase 2 SYNERGY-NASH, phase 3 SURMOUNT-OSA and SUMMIT studies on tirzepatide's impact on...
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Tirzepatide is the first dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor co-agonist approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in the USA, Europe, and the UAE. Tirzepatide is an acylated peptide engineered to activate the GIP and GLP-1 receptors, key mediators of insulin secretion that are also expressed in regions of the brain that regulate food intake. Five clinical trials in type 2-diabetic subjects (SURPASS 1-5) have shown that tirzepatide at 5-15 mg per week reduces both HbA1c (1.24 to 2.58%) and body weight (5.4-11.7 kg) by amounts unprecedented for a single agent. A sizable proportion of patients (23.0 to 62.4%) reached an HbA1c of < 5.7% (which is the upper limit of the normal range indicating...
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Years represented: 2022
Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research
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Years represented: 2025
Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2025
Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2025
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Years represented: 2026
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1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2024
Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2025
Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research