{"schemaVersion":"wpf-profile-export-v1","exportedAt":"2026-09-24T04:09:19.297Z","profile":{"slug":"pramlintide","name":"Pramlintide","aliases":[],"category":"Amylin analog"},"synthesis":{"mechanism":"Pramlintide is an amylin analog investigated in metabolic care. Evidence about this specific compound must be separated from evidence about newer long-acting amylin analogs and combinations.","evidence":"WPF’s atlas includes reviews of amylin receptor strategies and metabolic outcomes, but many entries discuss the broader drug class rather than direct pramlintide trials. The screening inventory is a map of questions, not a source-linked conclusion for each use.","safety":"No published source-linked citations or jurisdiction-specific regulatory records are attached to this Directory entry. Class-level reviews and results from other analogs cannot substitute for direct evidence about pramlintide, its studied population, and its safety.","observationalBoundary":"WPF's separate observational archive may include contributor reports concerning pramlintide. As with every entry in that archive, these de-identified reports can suggest questions but cannot establish causation, efficacy, comparative safety, or event frequency, and should not be conflated with reports about newer long-acting amylin analogs or combination products.","openQuestions":"Which controlled studies directly test pramlintide and with what background treatment? Which benefits and harms apply to specific populations? How do results differ from those of newer amylin analogs?"},"completion":{"version":"wpf-profile-v1.1","verifiedSourceCount":172,"evidenceDepth":"depth_target_met","complete":false,"checks":[{"key":"overview","passed":true,"actual":190,"required":100,"severity":"blocking"},{"key":"evidence_summary","passed":true,"actual":261,"required":100,"severity":"blocking"},{"key":"safety_summary","passed":true,"actual":266,"required":100,"severity":"blocking"},{"key":"archive_boundary","passed":true,"actual":366,"required":75,"severity":"blocking"},{"key":"open_questions","passed":true,"actual":200,"required":75,"severity":"blocking"},{"key":"verified_sources","passed":true,"actual":172,"required":1,"severity":"blocking"},{"key":"evidence_depth_target","passed":true,"actual":172,"required":25,"severity":"warning"},{"key":"reviewed_sources","passed":false,"actual":0,"required":1,"severity":"blocking"},{"key":"chemistry","passed":true,"actual":true,"required":true,"severity":"blocking"},{"key":"regulatory_context","passed":true,"actual":2,"required":2,"severity":"blocking"},{"key":"claims","passed":false,"actual":0,"required":1,"severity":"blocking"},{"key":"claim_traceability","passed":true,"actual":0,"required":0,"severity":"blocking"},{"key":"regulatory_freshness","passed":true,"actual":0,"required":0,"severity":"warning"}],"failures":["reviewed_sources","claims"]},"chemistry":{"id":"0743ba16-0588-4f81-ba6a-d966af998bee","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","molecularFormula":"C171H267N51O53S2","molecularWeight":3949,"aminoAcidSequence":null,"smiles":"CCC(C)C(C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)N1CCCC1C(=O)N2CCCC2C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NC(CC(=O)N)C(=O)NC(C(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CC(=O)N)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NC(CC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)C(=O)N)NC(=O)C4CCCN4C(=O)CNC(=O)C(CC5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(CC6=CNC=N6)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC7=CC=CC=C7)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)C(CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C8CSSCC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)N8)C(C)O)C)C(C)O)CC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(CCCCN)N","inchi":"InChI=1S/C171H267N51O53S2/c1-21-81(12)130(163(268)207-110(56-78(6)7)169(274)222-53-33-42-118(222)170(275)221-52-32-41-117(221)160(265)219-135(89(20)230)167(272)206-109(66-125(180)238)151(256)212-128(79(8)9)161(266)186-68-126(239)192-111(70-223)154(259)203-107(64-123(178)236)152(257)218-134(88(19)229)166(271)195-98(136(181)241)57-92-43-45-94(231)46-44-92)214-159(264)116-40-31-51-220(116)127(240)69-187-141(246)101(58-90-34-24-22-25-35-90)199-148(253)105(62-121(176)234)201-149(254)106(63-122(177)235)202-155(260)112(71-224)209-156(261)113(72-225)208-146(251)103(60-93-67-184-75-188-93)205-162(267)129(80(10)11)213-150(255)100(55-77(4)5)198-145(250)102(59-91-36-26-23-27-37-91)200-147(252)104(61-120(175)233)196-137(242)82(13)189-144(249)99(54-76(2)3)197-142(247)96(39-30-50-185-171(182)183)193-143(248)97(47-48-119(174)232)194-165(270)132(86(17)227)215-138(243)83(14)190-157(262)114-73-276-277-74-115(210-140(245)95(173)38-28-29-49-172)158(263)204-108(65-124(179)237)153(258)217-131(85(16)226)164(269)191-84(15)139(244)216-133(87(18)228)168(273)211-114/h22-27,34-37,43-46,67,75-89,95-118,128-135,223-231H,21,28-33,38-42,47-66,68-74,172-173H2,1-20H3,(H2,174,232)(H2,175,233)(H2,176,234)(H2,177,235)(H2,178,236)(H2,179,237)(H2,180,238)(H2,181,241)(H,184,188)(H,186,266)(H,187,246)(H,189,249)(H,190,262)(H,191,269)(H,192,239)(H,193,248)(H,194,270)(H,195,271)(H,196,242)(H,197,247)(H,198,250)(H,199,253)(H,200,252)(H,201,254)(H,202,260)(H,203,259)(H,204,263)(H,205,267)(H,206,272)(H,207,268)(H,208,251)(H,209,261)(H,210,245)(H,211,273)(H,212,256)(H,213,255)(H,214,264)(H,215,243)(H,216,244)(H,217,258)(H,218,257)(H,219,265)(H4,182,183,185)/t81-,82-,83-,84-,85+,86+,87+,88+,89+,95-,96-,97-,98-,99-,100-,101-,102-,103-,104-,105-,106-,107-,108-,109-,110-,111-,112-,113-,114-,115-,116-,117-,118-,128-,129-,130-,131-,132-,133-,134-,135-/m0/s1","inchikey":"TZIRZGBAFTZREM-MKAGXXMWSA-N","structureImageUrl":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/70691388/PNG","createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:36:54.251Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T02:36:54.251Z"},"evidence":[{"id":"ac9fb4f7-d741-44f9-8dbe-47f66dcab40f","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"A Pilot Outpatient Assessment of a Fully Closed-Loop Insulin and Pramlintide System.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41174925/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Pilot evaluation of a combined insulin-pramlintide system; no claim about pramlintide alone.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1177/19322968251371046","pubmedId":"41174925","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Upgraded from an entered/unverified draft to a content-verified citation. Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This publication addresses Pramlintide in the specific setting identified in its title.","supportNature":"Screened source-level context; specific outcomes and evidence tier await appraisal.","qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/19322968251371046","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:13:12.917Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"609d13bf-2687-45bc-a179-9703df2059b2","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Central pramlintide administration potently suppresses operant responding for sucrose and locomotor activity in male rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41022243/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Central pramlintide administration potently suppresses operant responding for sucrose and locomotor activity in male rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Amylin is a feeding-suppressive hormone which acts centrally in the control of energy balance. Some evidence suggests it reduces motivation for food rewards. Pramlintide is a synthetic amylin analog that is used clinically in the treatment of diabetes, and it also reduces feeding and weight gain. However, the mechanisms behind these pramlintide-induced reductions in feeding are unclear. Here we te","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115114","pubmedId":"41022243","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=158, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115114","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:21.986Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"64a2b147-9a78-416c-b261-53d69e6622d7","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"In silico evaluation of pramlintide dosing algorithms in artificial pancreas systems.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40513482/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"In silico evaluation of pramlintide dosing algorithms in artificial pancreas systems.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide's capability to delay gastric emptying has motivated its use in artificial pancreas systems, accompanying insulin as a control action. Due to the scarcity of pramlintide simulation models in the literature, in silico testing of insulin-plus-pramlintide strategies is not widely used. This work incorporates a recent pramlintide pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics model into the T1DM UVA/Pa","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.compbiomed.2025.110447","pubmedId":"40513482","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2025.110447","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:20.760Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"413162e0-7d18-4295-bf6c-f9bc89639b65","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Intranasal pramlintide matches intraperitoneal effects on food intake and gastric emptying in mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40169506/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Intranasal pramlintide matches intraperitoneal effects on food intake and gastric emptying in mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide is an amylin analog developed as a complementary treatment for diabetes. However, it requires several subcutaneous injections, reducing patients' adherence. Since the intranasal route might be an alternative for drug administration, we evaluated whether intranasal pramlintide treatment exerts comparable actions with intraperitoneal administration. Adult male Swiss mice were submitted t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s12020-025-04220-z","pubmedId":"40169506","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s12020-025-04220-z","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:23.281Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"c320edd8-7eb6-4028-ba2b-448607a0641a","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"A model of subcutaneous pramlintide pharmacokinetics and its effect on gastric emptying: Proof-of-concept based on populational data.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38064957/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"A model of subcutaneous pramlintide pharmacokinetics and its effect on gastric emptying: Proof-of-concept based on populational data.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide, an amylin analog, has been coming up as an agent in type 1 diabetes dual-hormone therapies (insulin/pramlintide). Since pramlintide slows down gastric emptying, it allows for easing glucose control and reducing the burden of meal announcements. Pre-clinical in silico evaluations are a key step in the development of any closed-loop strategy. However, mathematical models are needed, and","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107968","pubmedId":"38064957","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107968","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:21.211Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"d64b8d80-3875-42ec-b90c-d89a1d923777","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"A temperature-responsive dual-hormone foam nanoengine improves rectal absorptivity of insulin-pramlintide for diabetes treatment.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39196940/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"A temperature-responsive dual-hormone foam nanoengine improves rectal absorptivity of insulin-pramlintide for diabetes treatment.\" Abstract excerpt: Despite the therapeutic benefits of insulin-pramlintide dual-hormone therapy in diabetes, its application potential has been limited due to a lack of efficient delivery routes. Here, we developed a temperature-responsive dual-hormone foam nanoengine (HormFoam) and combined it with a customized spraying device to further construct an in situ foam-generating system for improving the rectal bioavaila","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adn8695","pubmedId":"39196940","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1126/sciadv.adn8695","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:25.771Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"c0e00771-e2c3-480d-a3d1-229791101323","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"ADO09, a co-formulation of pramlintide and insulin A21G, lowers body weight versus insulin lispro in type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39109464/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"ADO09, a co-formulation of pramlintide and insulin A21G, lowers body weight versus insulin lispro in type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: To study safety, efficacy and weight loss with ADO09, a co-formulation of insulin A21G and pramlintide, in type 1 diabetes. A randomized, two-arm ambulatory 16-week study compared ADO09 with insulin lispro in 80 participants with type 1 diabetes. We compared changes of weight, glycated haemoglobin, glycaemic patterns during continuous glucose monitoring, and insulin doses at baseline and at the en","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1111/dom.15827","pubmedId":"39109464","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/dom.15827","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:21.744Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"d2d0ed1f-ae83-4c77-a037-a509e5472aea","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Chronic pramlintide decreases feeding via a reduction in meal size in male rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38493922/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Chronic pramlintide decreases feeding via a reduction in meal size in male rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Amylin, a pancreatic hormone, is well-established to suppress feeding by enhancing satiation. Pramlintide, an amylin analog that is FDA-approved for the treatment of diabetes, has also been shown to produce hypophagia. However, the behavioral mechanisms underlying the ability of pramlintide to suppress feeding are unresolved. We hypothesized that systemic pramlintide administration in rats would r","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171197","pubmedId":"38493922","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=94, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171197","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:22.057Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"991320e9-0403-4e67-ba7c-fb008bd07a25","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Liraglutide versus pramlintide in protecting against cognitive function impairment through affecting PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/TTBK1 pathway and decreasing Tau hyperphosphorylation in high-fat diet- streptozocin rat model.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38536493/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Liraglutide versus pramlintide in protecting against cognitive function impairment through affecting PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/TTBK1 pathway and decreasing Tau hyperphosphorylation in high-fat diet- streptozocin rat model.\" Abstract excerpt: The American Diabetes Association guidelines (2021) confirmed the importance of raising public awareness of diabetes-induced cognitive impairment, highlighting the links between poor glycemic control and cognitive impairment. The characteristic brain lesions of cognitive dysfunction are neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and senile plaques formed of amyloid-&#x3b2; deposition, glycogen synthase kinase ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1007/s00424-024-02933-0","pubmedId":"38536493","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00424-024-02933-0","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:20.527Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"6035055c-ce52-4a2e-b155-770b3df127c8","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide an Adjunct to Insulin Therapy: Challenges and Recent Progress in Delivery.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37863489/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide an Adjunct to Insulin Therapy: Challenges and Recent Progress in Delivery.\" Abstract excerpt: Dysregulation of various glucoregulatory hormones lead to failure of insulin monotherapy in patients with diabetes mellitus due to various reasons, including severe hypoglycemia, glycemic hypervariability, and an increased risk of microvascular complications. However, pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy enhances glucagon suppression and thereby offers improved glycemic control. Clinical s","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1124/jpet.123.001679","pubmedId":"37863489","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=269, totalMentions=11). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1124/jpet.123.001679","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:20.334Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"33a9d518-1506-4488-a8da-4002b5748731","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Simple meal announcements and pramlintide delivery versus carbohydrate counting in type 1 diabetes with automated fast-acting insulin aspart delivery: a randomised crossover trial in Montreal, Canada.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38906614/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Simple meal announcements and pramlintide delivery versus carbohydrate counting in type 1 diabetes with automated fast-acting insulin aspart delivery: a randomised crossover trial in Montreal, Canada.\" Abstract excerpt: In type 1 diabetes, carbohydrate counting is the standard of care to determine prandial insulin needs, but it can negatively affect quality of life. We developed a novel insulin-and-pramlintide closed-loop system that replaces carbohydrate counting with simple meal announcements. We performed a randomised crossover trial assessing 14 days of (1) insulin-and-pramlintide closed-loop system with simp","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/s2589-7500(24)00092-x","pubmedId":"38906614","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s2589-7500(24)00092-x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:21.972Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"ef4c1830-3bc9-4b04-b1d0-5b5a8aaa7344","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"A co-formulation of pramlintide and insulin A21G (ADO09) improves postprandial glucose and short-term control of mean glucose, time in range, and body weight versus insulin aspart in adults with type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36633505/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"A co-formulation of pramlintide and insulin A21G (ADO09) improves postprandial glucose and short-term control of mean glucose, time in range, and body weight versus insulin aspart in adults with type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide improves postprandial glucose but requires additional injections. We investigated the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, efficacy and safety of ADO09, pramlintide/insulin A21G co-formulation, in type 1 diabetes (T1D). This double-blinded, randomized, two-period cross-over study compared prandial administration of ADO09 or insulin aspart over 24 days in T1D using either &#x2264;40 U bol","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1111/dom.14972","pubmedId":"36633505","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/dom.14972","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:24.424Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"f80b65cd-26aa-42dc-8928-f0a8f9590086","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Contraction of human brain vascular pericytes in response to islet amyloid polypeptide is reversed by pramlintide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36793056/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Contraction of human brain vascular pericytes in response to islet amyloid polypeptide is reversed by pramlintide.\" Abstract excerpt: The islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), a pancreas-produced peptide, has beneficial functions in its monomeric form. However, IAPP aggregates, related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), are toxic not only for the pancreas, but also for the brain. In the latter, IAPP is often found in vessels, where it is highly toxic for pericytes, mural cells that have contractile properties and regulate capillary","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1186/s13041-023-01013-1","pubmedId":"36793056","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1186/s13041-023-01013-1","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:25.924Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"3c21bc1e-9b19-4ddd-b822-ef3e46c08ebd","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide for post-bariatric hypoglycaemia.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35137513/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide for post-bariatric hypoglycaemia.\" Abstract excerpt: The aim of this study was to examine the hypothesis that pramlintide would reduce hypoglycaemia by slowing gastric emptying and reducing postprandial glucagon secretion, thus limiting postprandial glycaemic excursions and insulin secretion, and thus to determine the efficacy of pramlintide on frequency and severity of hypoglycaemia in post-bariatric hypoglycaemia (PBH). Participants with PBH follo","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1111/dom.14665","pubmedId":"35137513","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=57, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/dom.14665","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:21.840Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"8f5f2750-833a-494e-b9f0-104e877b3c4c","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide: A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Osteosarcoma through Metabolic Reprogramming.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36077845/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide: A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Osteosarcoma through Metabolic Reprogramming.\" Abstract excerpt: Despite aggressive combination chemotherapy and surgery, outcomes for patients with osteosarcoma have remained stagnant for more than 25 years, and numerous clinical trials have identified no new therapies. p53 deletion or mutation is found in more than 80% of osteosarcoma tumors. In p53-deficient cancers with structurally altered p63 and p73, interfering with tumor cell metabolism using Pramlinti","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.3390/cancers14174310","pubmedId":"36077845","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=391, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/cancers14174310","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:18.810Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"bf091327-810b-4b9a-b9ff-29a7af4725ec","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide: An Amylin Analogue Protects Endothelial Cells against Oxidative Stress through Regulating Oxidative Markers and NF-κb Expression.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35392304/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide: An Amylin Analogue Protects Endothelial Cells against Oxidative Stress through Regulating Oxidative Markers and NF-κb Expression.\" Abstract excerpt: Oxidative stress has a prominent role in the pathogenesis of diabetes complications. Pramlintide is an injectional amylin analogue used for the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. The present investigation evaluated the effect of pramlintide against oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Cell viability was assessed","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_425_20","pubmedId":"35392304","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=85, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_425_20","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:20.404Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"3804c003-2fd4-4f7d-96e5-fa845ad19fbf","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Zn(II) binding to pramlintide results in a structural kink, fibril formation and antifungal activity.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36446825/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Zn(II) binding to pramlintide results in a structural kink, fibril formation and antifungal activity.\" Abstract excerpt: The antimicrobial properties of amylin, a 37-amino acid peptide hormone, co-secreted with insulin from the pancreas, are far less known than its antidiabetic function. We provide insight into the bioinorganic chemistry of amylin analogues, showing that the coordination of zinc(II) enhances the antifungal properties of pramlintide, a non-fibrillating therapeutic analogue of amylin. Zinc binds to th","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-022-24968-y","pubmedId":"36446825","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41598-022-24968-y","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:20.452Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"51883236-6db9-4e5a-a57e-44bc3344c50d","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"ADO09, a co-formulation of the amylin analogue pramlintide and the insulin analogue A21G, lowers postprandial blood glucose versus insulin lispro in type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33336850/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"ADO09, a co-formulation of the amylin analogue pramlintide and the insulin analogue A21G, lowers postprandial blood glucose versus insulin lispro in type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: To compare the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ADO09 with insulin lispro (Lispro) and separate subcutaneous injections of human insulin and pramlintide (Ins&Pram) in 24 subjects with type 1 diabetes. At three dosing visits, participants received single doses of ADO09, Ins&Pram or Lispro immediately before eating a standardized mixed meal together with 1 g of acetaminophen, which w","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1111/dom.14302","pubmedId":"33336850","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/dom.14302","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:23.415Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"53311c8e-13eb-49e3-9f73-f8b1fbca6b7d","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Alleviating carbohydrate counting with a FiASP-plus-pramlintide closed-loop delivery system (artificial pancreas): Feasibility and pilot studies.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34047449/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Alleviating carbohydrate counting with a FiASP-plus-pramlintide closed-loop delivery system (artificial pancreas): Feasibility and pilot studies.\" Abstract excerpt: To assess whether a FiASP-and-pramlintide closed-loop system has the potential to replace carbohydrate counting with a simple meal announcement (SMA) strategy (meal priming bolus without carbohydrate counting) without degrading glycaemic control compared with a FiASP closed-loop system. We conducted a 24-hour feasibility study comparing a FiASP system with full carbohydrate counting (FCC) with a F","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1111/dom.14447","pubmedId":"34047449","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/dom.14447","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:23.872Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"73574f13-6826-4375-9f31-520a74f12156","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Amylin Analog Pramlintide Induces Migraine-like Attacks in Patients.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33772845/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Amylin Analog Pramlintide Induces Migraine-like Attacks in Patients.\" Abstract excerpt: Migraine is a prevalent and disabling neurological disease. Its genesis is poorly understood, and there remains unmet clinical need. We aimed to identify mechanisms and thus novel therapeutic targets for migraine using human models of migraine and translational models in animals, with emphasis on amylin, a close relative of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Thirty-six migraine without aura p","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1002/ana.26072","pubmedId":"33772845","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/ana.26072","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:20.144Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"f2578164-b687-4247-87ec-91cab62a8dca","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Effects of pramlintide on energy intake and food preference in rats given a choice diet.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34332974/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Effects of pramlintide on energy intake and food preference in rats given a choice diet.\" Abstract excerpt: Amylin is a peptide hormone involved in the control of energy balance, making the amylin system a potential target for pharmacotherapies to treat obesity. Pramlintide, an amylin analogue, is an FDA-approved medication for the treatment of diabetes that also has food intake- and body weight-suppressive effects. However, it is unknown whether pramlintide may preferentially reduce intake of highly pa","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113541","pubmedId":"34332974","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=155, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113541","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:23.352Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"0ea83dc9-7f43-43cf-87b7-de549afe91b8","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Ultra-Fast Insulin-Pramlintide Co-Formulation for Improved Glucose Management in Diabetic Rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34499434/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Ultra-Fast Insulin-Pramlintide Co-Formulation for Improved Glucose Management in Diabetic Rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Dual-hormone replacement therapy with insulin and amylin in patients with type 1 diabetes has the potential to improve glucose management. Unfortunately, currently available formulations require burdensome separate injections at mealtimes and have disparate pharmacokinetics that do not mimic endogenous co-secretion. Here, amphiphilic acrylamide copolymers are used to create a stable co-formulation","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1002/advs.202101575","pubmedId":"34499434","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/advs.202101575","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:20.608Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"f91e950e-a7c3-47f6-b546-046489800aaa","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"A Novel Dual-Hormone Insulin-and-Pramlintide Artificial Pancreas for Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31974099/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"A Novel Dual-Hormone Insulin-and-Pramlintide Artificial Pancreas for Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial.\" Abstract excerpt: The rapid insulin-alone artificial pancreas improves glycemia in type 1 diabetes but daytime control remains suboptimal. We propose two novel dual-hormone artificial pancreas systems. We conducted a randomized crossover trial comparing a rapid insulin-alone artificial pancreas with rapid insulin-and-pramlintide and with regular insulin-and-pramlintide artificial pancreas systems in adults with typ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.2337/dc19-1922","pubmedId":"31974099","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/dc19-1922","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:22.276Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"1fa797dd-a760-493d-94f6-8b1095815920","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"A co-formulation of supramolecularly stabilized insulin and pramlintide enhances mealtime glucagon suppression in diabetic pigs.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32393892/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"A co-formulation of supramolecularly stabilized insulin and pramlintide enhances mealtime glucagon suppression in diabetic pigs.\" Abstract excerpt: Treatment of patients with diabetes with insulin and pramlintide (an amylin analogue) is more effective than treatment with insulin only. However, because mixtures of insulin and pramlintide are unstable and have to be injected separately, amylin analogues are only used by 1.5% of people with diabetes needing rapid-acting insulin. Here, we show that the supramolecular modification of insulin and p","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1038/s41551-020-0555-4","pubmedId":"32393892","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41551-020-0555-4","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:24.402Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"445fc272-6d57-4138-a4a8-b0f3f7a38aad","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Amylin and pramlintide modulate γ-secretase level and APP processing in lipid rafts.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32111883/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Amylin and pramlintide modulate γ-secretase level and APP processing in lipid rafts.\" Abstract excerpt: A major characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the accumulation of misfolded amyloid-&#x3b2; (A&#x3b2;) peptide. Several studies linked AD with type 2 diabetes due to similarities between A&#x3b2; and human amylin. This study investigates the effect of amylin and pramlintide on A&#x3b2; pathogenesis and the predisposing molecular mechanism(s) behind the observed effects in TgSwDI mouse, a c","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-020-60664-5","pubmedId":"32111883","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=271, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41598-020-60664-5","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:23.434Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"9a915d3f-e49f-4947-8fe2-cfa09f3b3d3b","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Rediscovery of the Second β-Cell Hormone: Co-replacement With Pramlintide and Insulin in Type 1 Diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32079687/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Rediscovery of the Second β-Cell Hormone: Co-replacement With Pramlintide and Insulin in Type 1 Diabetes.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.2337/dci19-0077","pubmedId":"32079687","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/dci19-0077","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:24.476Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"b85748de-7ef0-4d53-a378-d03d7cd6f8f1","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"The effect of pramlintide, an antidiabetic amylin analogue, on angiogenesis-related markers <i>in vitro</i>.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33312210/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"The effect of pramlintide, an antidiabetic amylin analogue, on angiogenesis-related markers <i>in vitro</i>.\" Abstract excerpt: Irregularities of angiogenesis may participate in the pathogenesis of diabetes complications. Pramlintide is an amylin analogue administered for the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The present investigation aimed at surveying the effect of pramlintide on angiogenesis-related markers in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The proliferation of cells was assessed using 3-(4,5-di","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.4103/1735-5362.293510","pubmedId":"33312210","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=94, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.4103/1735-5362.293510","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:24.050Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"f34da2e6-1dda-49d7-9d62-70881f5e8f09","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Neuroprotective Effects of the Amylin Analog, Pramlintide, on Alzheimer's Disease Are Associated with Oxidative Stress Regulation Mechanisms.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30958347/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Neuroprotective Effects of the Amylin Analog, Pramlintide, on Alzheimer's Disease Are Associated with Oxidative Stress Regulation Mechanisms.\" Abstract excerpt: Administration of the recombinant analog of the pancreatic amyloid amylin, Pramlintide, has shown therapeutic benefits in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) models, both on cognition and amyloid-&#x3b2; (A&#x3b2;) pathology. However, the neuroprotective mechanisms underlying the benefits of Pramlintide remain unclear. Given the early and critical role of oxidative stress in AD pathogenesis and the","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.3233/jad-180421","pubmedId":"30958347","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3233/jad-180421","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:23.340Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"ade665f4-af83-42fa-972e-bf4b81cb337b","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Control of Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes by 24-Hour Fixed-Dose Coadministration of Pramlintide and Regular Human Insulin: A Randomized, Two-Way Crossover Study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30213882/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Control of Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes by 24-Hour Fixed-Dose Coadministration of Pramlintide and Regular Human Insulin: A Randomized, Two-Way Crossover Study.\" Abstract excerpt: Healthy pancreatic &#x3b2;-cells secrete the hormones insulin and amylin in a fixed ratio. Both hormones are lacking in type 1 diabetes, and postprandial glucose control using insulin therapy alone is difficult. This study tested the pharmacodynamic effects of the amylin analog pramlintide and insulin delivered in a fixed ratio over a 24-h period. Patients with type 1 diabetes were stabilized on i","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.2337/dc18-1091","pubmedId":"30213882","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/dc18-1091","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:25.848Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"ecd05b4a-951e-4612-b9e0-5516735739e4","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Physico-chemical properties of co-formulated fast-acting insulin with pramlintide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29928940/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Physico-chemical properties of co-formulated fast-acting insulin with pramlintide.\" Abstract excerpt: Since the discovery of amylin its use has been discouraged by the inadequacy of the protocol involving multiple injections in addition to insulin. We aimed here to develop a combined fixed-dose formulation of pramlintide with fast-acting insulin. We have investigated the compatibility of regular and fast-acting insulin analogues (Aspart, Asp B28 , and LisPro, Lys B28 Pro B29 ) with the amylin anal","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.06.039","pubmedId":"29928940","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.06.039","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:24.779Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"d54a9078-0a54-48f5-bee2-b0ab82081538","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide but Not Liraglutide Suppresses Meal-Stimulated Glucagon Responses in Type 1 Diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29211871/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide but Not Liraglutide Suppresses Meal-Stimulated Glucagon Responses in Type 1 Diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Postprandial hyperglycemia remains a challenge in type 1 diabetes (T1D) due, in part, to dysregulated increases in plasma glucagon levels after meals. This study was undertaken to examine whether 3 to 4 weeks of therapy with pramlintide or liraglutide might help to blunt postprandial hyperglycemia in T1D by suppressing plasma glucagon responses to mixed-meal feedings. Two parallel studies were con","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2017-02265","pubmedId":"29211871","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=225, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/jc.2017-02265","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:18.881Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"59262f71-d66d-441c-8eb5-3e6e236702cc","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and apoptosis through mitochondrial-dependent pathways in human nucleus pulposus cells.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29256292/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and apoptosis through mitochondrial-dependent pathways in human nucleus pulposus cells.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide, an approved analog of amylin, is responsible for regulating the physiology of energy homeostasis. The goals of this study were to investigate the roles of pramlintide in the regulation of cell survival and matrix metabolism, and further explore their underlying mechanisms, in human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. NP cells were treated with different concentrations of pramlintide in normo","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1177/0394632017747500","pubmedId":"29256292","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/0394632017747500","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:20.476Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"b28658ec-612a-4cea-a2ed-15c09fd57175","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide, an antidiabetic, is antineoplastic in colorectal cancer and synergizes with conventional chemotherapy.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29551915/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide, an antidiabetic, is antineoplastic in colorectal cancer and synergizes with conventional chemotherapy.\" Abstract excerpt: Approximately 90% of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer fail therapy mainly due to resistance. Taking advantage of currently approved agents for treatment of disease conditions other than cancer for the identification of new adjuvant anticancer therapies is highly encouraged. Pramlintide is a parenteral antidiabetic agent that is currently approved for treatment of types 1 and 2 diabetes m","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.2147/cpaa.s153780","pubmedId":"29551915","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=285, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2147/cpaa.s153780","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:20.548Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"7a42d095-cca5-46ef-8e62-39f4e1688d21","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide: The Effects of a Single Drug Injection on Blood Phosphatidylcholine Profile for Alzheimer's Disease.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29480193/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide: The Effects of a Single Drug Injection on Blood Phosphatidylcholine Profile for Alzheimer's Disease.\" Abstract excerpt: Studies suggest that a single injection of pramlintide, an amylin analog, induces changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers in the blood of AD mouse models and AD patients. The aim of this study was to examine whether a pramlintide challenge combined with a phosphatidylcholine (PC) profile diagnoses of AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) better than PC alone. Non-diabetic subjects with cog","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.3233/jad-170948","pubmedId":"29480193","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=43, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3233/jad-170948","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:20.713Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"76d573b2-d986-44fa-bbcd-516b48f860df","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Study of forced degradation behavior of pramlintide acetate by HPLC and LC-MS.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29389581/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Study of forced degradation behavior of pramlintide acetate by HPLC and LC-MS.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide acetate (Symlin &#xae; ), a synthetic analogue of the human hormone amylin. It was approved in March 2005 as a subcutaneous injection for the adjunctive treatment of patients who have type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus. The objective of current investigation was to study the degradation behavior of pramlintide acetate under different ICH recommended stress conditions by HPLC and LC-MS. Pram","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1016/j.jfda.2017.07.009","pubmedId":"29389581","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jfda.2017.07.009","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:22.732Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"07561865-d9c1-4836-a77e-94d903815d7a","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Be positive: optimizing pramlintide from microcanonical analysis of amylin isoforms.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28905065/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Be positive: optimizing pramlintide from microcanonical analysis of amylin isoforms.\" Abstract excerpt: Amylin, or human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP), is a 37-residue hormone synergistic to insulin and co-secreted with it by &#x3b2;-cells in the pancreas. The deposition of its cytotoxic amyloid fibrils is strongly related to the progression of Type II diabetes (T2D) and islet graft failures. Notably, isoforms from some mammalian species, such as rats (rIAPP) and porcine (pIAPP), present a few k","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1039/c7cp04074a","pubmedId":"28905065","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1039/c7cp04074a","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:21.288Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"1116a13e-7c86-46a2-a17c-9f4d2dc893ae","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Efficacy and safety of pramlintide injection adjunct to insulin therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29029531/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Efficacy and safety of pramlintide injection adjunct to insulin therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.\" Abstract excerpt: We aim to assess the efficacy and safety of pramlintide plus insulin therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes. We included clinical studies comparing pramlintide plus insulin to placebo plus insulin. Efficacy was reflected by glycemic control and reduction in body weight and insulin use. Safety concerns were hypoglycemia and other adverse events. Subgroup analysis was performed for different doses","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.18632/oncotarget.16008","pubmedId":"29029531","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=44, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.18632/oncotarget.16008","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:24.713Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"c5586dce-6d69-4b5a-9bc9-5a9a6c02c154","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide Antagonizes Beta Amyloid (Aβ)- and Human Amylin-Induced Depression of Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26768593/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide Antagonizes Beta Amyloid (Aβ)- and Human Amylin-Induced Depression of Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation.\" Abstract excerpt: Accumulation of amyloid-&#x3b2; peptide (A&#x3b2;) is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have previously demonstrated that electrophysiological and neurotoxic effects of A&#x3b2; and human amylin are expressed via the amylin receptor. Recently, pramlintide, a synthetic analog of amylin, has been reported to improve cognitive function in transgenic AD mouse models. In this stud","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1007/s12035-016-9684-x","pubmedId":"26768593","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=266, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s12035-016-9684-x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:20.785Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"7433acb8-25fa-49c6-91fb-941b2467f573","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Zn(II) - pramlintide: Stability, binding sites and unexpected aggregation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28672144/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Zn(II) - pramlintide: Stability, binding sites and unexpected aggregation.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide is an antidiabetic drug which mimics amylin - a small peptide co-secreted from pancreatic &#x3b2;-cells together with insulin, one of the hallmarks of type 2 diabetes. In the course of the disease, amylin misfolds into small oligomers or to an aggregated &#x3b2;-sheet amyloid fiber. The misfolding mechanism is not yet quite understood, but it is clear that zinc ions play an important r","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.06.008","pubmedId":"28672144","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.06.008","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:22.201Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"23edb57f-39b0-4277-abc1-def4415fefd6","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Amyloidogenesis of the amylin analogue pramlintide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27665170/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Amyloidogenesis of the amylin analogue pramlintide.\" Abstract excerpt: Amylin is a pancreatic peptide hormone co-secreted along with insulin by the &#x3b2;-cells. It is found in amyloid deposits in both type 2 diabetic individuals and elder non-diabetic. The triple proline amylinomimetic compound (25,28,29-Pro-human amylin) named pramlintide was designed aiming to solve the solubility and amyloid characteristics of human amylin. We have found by using ion mobility sp","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1016/j.bpc.2016.09.007","pubmedId":"27665170","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.bpc.2016.09.007","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:22.581Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"d7864823-07f8-46fd-8b6f-d0464164f0db","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Effect of Pramlintide on Postprandial Glucose Fluxes in Type 1 Diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26930181/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Effect of Pramlintide on Postprandial Glucose Fluxes in Type 1 Diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Early postprandial hyperglycemia and delayed hypoglycemia remain major problems in current management of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Our objective was to investigate the effects of pramlintide, known to suppress glucagon and delay gastric emptying, on postprandial glucose fluxes in T1D. This was a single-center, inpatient, randomized, crossover study. Twelve patients with T1D who completed the study we","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2015-3952","pubmedId":"26930181","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=176, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/jc.2015-3952","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:22.272Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"60cb0c72-fcd3-4321-afec-f30af4475fd4","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Impact of Disease Duration on the Effects of Pramlintide in Type 1 Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of Three Clinical Trials.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27071768/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Impact of Disease Duration on the Effects of Pramlintide in Type 1 Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of Three Clinical Trials.\" Abstract excerpt: Adjunctive mealtime use of the amylin analog pramlintide improves postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes. This post hoc analysis of three randomized trials evaluated whether disease duration affected responses to pramlintide. Patients received mealtime pramlintide 30 or 60&#xa0;&#xb5;g (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;714) or placebo (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;537) as an adjunct to insulin and were stratif","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1007/s12325-016-0326-5","pubmedId":"27071768","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s12325-016-0326-5","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:23.187Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"a2cf0d2c-4496-416f-b476-989055e8eac2","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Mitigating Meal-Related Glycemic Excursions in an Insulin-Sparing Manner During Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery: The Beneficial Effects of Adjunctive Pramlintide and Liraglutide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27208332/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Mitigating Meal-Related Glycemic Excursions in an Insulin-Sparing Manner During Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery: The Beneficial Effects of Adjunctive Pramlintide and Liraglutide.\" Abstract excerpt: Closed-loop (CL) insulin delivery effectively maintains glucose overnight but struggles when challenged with meals. Use of single-day, 30-&#x3bc;g/meal pramlintide lowers meal excursions during CL. We sought to further elucidate the potential benefits of adjunctive agents after 3-4 weeks of outpatient dose titration. Two CL studies were conducted: one evaluating adjunctive pramlintide and the othe","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.2337/dc16-0089","pubmedId":"27208332","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/dc16-0089","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:26.372Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"d6e4b4e6-907e-4503-a789-06bdccc48641","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Synthesis and amylin receptor activity of glycomimetics of pramlintide using click chemistry.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27139251/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Synthesis and amylin receptor activity of glycomimetics of pramlintide using click chemistry.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide (Symlin&#xae;), a synthetic analogue of the neuroendocrine hormone amylin, is devoid of the tendency to form cytotoxic amyloid fibrils and is currently used in patients with type I and type II diabetes mellitus as an adjunctive therapy with insulin or insulin analogues. As part of an on-going search for a pramlintide analogue with improved pharmacokinetic properties, we herein report t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1039/c6ob00850j","pubmedId":"27139251","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1039/c6ob00850j","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:24.323Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"ecce7112-6c22-4394-99da-793e0d2a5e44","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Analysis of the ability of pramlintide to inhibit amyloid formation by human islet amyloid polypeptide reveals a balance between optimal recognition and reduced amyloidogenicity.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26407043/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Analysis of the ability of pramlintide to inhibit amyloid formation by human islet amyloid polypeptide reveals a balance between optimal recognition and reduced amyloidogenicity.\" Abstract excerpt: The hormone human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP or amylin) plays a role in glucose metabolism, but forms amyloid in the pancreas in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and is associated with &#x3b2;-cell death and dysfunction in the disease. Inhibitors of islet amyloid have therapeutic potential; however, there are no clinically approved inhibitors, and the mode of action of existing inhibitors is not well u","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00567","pubmedId":"26407043","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00567","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:21.820Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"554d3dd0-dd61-4abd-896a-59f422c41335","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Fixed ratio dosing of pramlintide with regular insulin before a standard meal in patients with type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26040429/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Fixed ratio dosing of pramlintide with regular insulin before a standard meal in patients with type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Amylin is co-secreted with insulin and is therefore lacking in patients with type 1 diabetes. Replacement with fixed ratio co-administration of insulin and the amylin analogue pramlintide may be superior to separate dosing. This concept was evaluated in a ratio-finding study. Patients with type 1 diabetes were enrolled in a randomized, single-masked, standard breakfast crossover study using regula","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1111/dom.12504","pubmedId":"26040429","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=176, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/dom.12504","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:24.641Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"7f41ec3a-71e2-4525-bc0e-28d3b83524af","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"A model of glucose-insulin-pramlintide pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in type I diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24876617/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"A model of glucose-insulin-pramlintide pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in type I diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) complications are significantly reduced when normoglycemic levels are maintained via intensive therapy. The artificial pancreas is designed for intensive glycemic control; however, large postprandial excursions after a meal result in poor glucose regulation. Pramlintide, a synthetic analog of the hormone amylin, reduces the severity of postprandial excursions by red","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1177/1932296813517323","pubmedId":"24876617","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/1932296813517323","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:21.896Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"aef0b035-c9a1-4eb8-b91b-1670b97592f5","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Activity of pramlintide, rat and human amylin but not Aβ1-42 at human amylin receptors.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24169554/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Activity of pramlintide, rat and human amylin but not Aβ1-42 at human amylin receptors.\" Abstract excerpt: Amylin is a neuroendocrine hormone involved in glucose regulation. An amylin analog, pramlintide, is used to treat insulin-requiring diabetes. Its anorexigenic actions give it potential as an obesity treatment. There are 3 amylin receptors (AMY1, AMY2, AMY3), comprising the calcitonin receptor and receptor activity-modifying proteins 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The pharmacology of pramlintide at ea","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1210/en.2013-1658","pubmedId":"24169554","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=85, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2013-1658","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:23.663Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"88bbaee2-03ea-41ff-9714-47dcd5bd2240","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Convergent chemoenzymatic synthesis of a library of glycosylated analogues of pramlintide: structure-activity relationships for amylin receptor agonism.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25030939/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Convergent chemoenzymatic synthesis of a library of glycosylated analogues of pramlintide: structure-activity relationships for amylin receptor agonism.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide (Symlin&#xae;), a synthetic analogue of the naturally occurring pancreatic hormone amylin, is currently used with insulin in adjunctive therapy for type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Herein we report a systematic study into the effect that N-glycosylation of pramlintide has on activation of amylin receptors. A highly efficient convergent synthetic route, involving a combination of so","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1039/c4ob01208a","pubmedId":"25030939","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1039/c4ob01208a","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:25.160Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"1472212a-b526-45cb-af2a-f8a27191ae6d","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Effects of pramlintide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an analysis using daily insulin dose tertiles.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25100363/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Effects of pramlintide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an analysis using daily insulin dose tertiles.\" Abstract excerpt: The purpose of the analysis was to investigate if the efficacy and tolerability of 6 months of pramlintide therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) differed with increasing levels of concomitant insulin doses, using data from 3 previously described clinical trials. In this post hoc analysis, data from 2 pooled, placebo-controlled pivotal trials and 1 clinical practice trial were ev","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.4158/ep13477.or","pubmedId":"25100363","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=95, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.4158/ep13477.or","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:22.993Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"c61afab3-7d15-49d3-86cf-b3dddd83f8af","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Expression, purification, and biological activity of the recombinant pramlintide precursor.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24728756/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Expression, purification, and biological activity of the recombinant pramlintide precursor.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide is an artificially designed protein which has the same function as amylin in human body. This protein is extremely difficult to synthesize through prokaryotic expression method because of its two essential active sites, intrachain disulfide bond and C-terminal amide group. Since &#x3b1;-amidating monooxygenase is widely distributed in human and animal, it is possible to use pramlintide","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1007/s00253-014-5699-2","pubmedId":"24728756","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00253-014-5699-2","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:24.628Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"6b77e64b-9742-4fcf-a758-4ee687f9852d","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Neuroprotective effects of the amylin analogue pramlintide on Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and cognition.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24239383/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Neuroprotective effects of the amylin analogue pramlintide on Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and cognition.\" Abstract excerpt: Amylin is a metabolic peptide hormone that is co-secreted with insulin from beta cells in the pancreas and activates many of the downstream targets of insulin. To investigate the relationship between this hormone and Alzheimer's disease (AD), we measured plasma human amylin levels in 206 subjects with AD, 64 subjects with mild cognitive impairment, and 111 subjects with no cognitive impairment and","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.10.076","pubmedId":"24239383","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.10.076","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:23.492Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"40fe8136-3cdc-4b38-b1cd-e51c9c2fcc50","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Glycosylation of pramlintide: synthetic glycopeptides that display in vitro and in vivo activities as amylin receptor agonists.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24123422/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Glycosylation of pramlintide: synthetic glycopeptides that display in vitro and in vivo activities as amylin receptor agonists.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1002/chem.201303303","pubmedId":"24123422","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/chem.201303303","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:20.376Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"21b41bbe-0e5e-43bf-a79d-b771f1e50871","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"In silico design of optimal ratio for co-administration of pramlintide and insulin in type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23865841/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"In silico design of optimal ratio for co-administration of pramlintide and insulin in type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: The ability to simulate in silico experiments is crucial for fast and cost-effective preliminary studies prior to clinical trials. We present an in silico approach to the design of optimal pramlintide-to-insulin (P/I) ratios, using our computer simulator of the human metabolic system, with a population of virtual adult type 1 diabetes mellitus patients and with individual parameters modified to ac","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1089/dia.2013.0054","pubmedId":"23865841","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1089/dia.2013.0054","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:24.251Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"ae945f59-43db-40c8-970c-806fc1a15be5","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Novel therapies for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: part 1. pramlintide and bromocriptine-QR.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23452312/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Novel therapies for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: part 1. pramlintide and bromocriptine-QR.\" Abstract excerpt: Several classes of antidiabetic agents have been introduced into the market place over the past dozen years. As our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes has advanced, attempts have been made to address these defects specifically. This brief review focuses on our experience with two such pharmacological approaches: (i) a synthetic amylin analog addressing amylin defici","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.12034","pubmedId":"23452312","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/1753-0407.12034","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:24.856Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"3742d007-923e-4af3-9a0c-e3df738f2104","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide improved measures of glycemic control and body weight in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus undergoing continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23748514/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide improved measures of glycemic control and body weight in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus undergoing continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy.\" Abstract excerpt: To assess the safety and efficacy of the addition of pramlintide to continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We conducted a post hoc analysis of 2 studies: a 29-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (referred to as RCT) (pramlintide, n = 82; placebo, n = 73) and an open-ended, multicenter, open-label, ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.3810/pgm.2013.05.2635","pubmedId":"23748514","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=53, totalMentions=12). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3810/pgm.2013.05.2635","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:18.954Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"3012266d-baff-4a4d-97c1-996f4002117f","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Recent and emerging therapeutic medications in type 2 diabetes mellitus: incretin-based, Pramlintide, Colesevelam, SGLT2 Inhibitors, Tagatose, Succinobucol.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20838206/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Recent and emerging therapeutic medications in type 2 diabetes mellitus: incretin-based, Pramlintide, Colesevelam, SGLT2 Inhibitors, Tagatose, Succinobucol.\" Abstract excerpt: Nearly 285 million people worldwide, with 10% being Americans, suffer from diabetes mellitus and its associated comorbidities. This is projected to increase by 6.5% per year, with 439 million inflicted by year 2030. Both morbidity and mortality from diabetes stem from the consequences of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Of the 285 million with diabetes, over a quarter of a million di","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1097/mjt.0b013e3181ec9eb2","pubmedId":"20838206","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/mjt.0b013e3181ec9eb2","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:25.617Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"0070b8be-958d-49c1-afcb-a2fb30b1721b","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Study reanalysis using a mechanism-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model of pramlintide in subjects with type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23054970/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Study reanalysis using a mechanism-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model of pramlintide in subjects with type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: This report describes a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for pramlintide, an amylinomimetic, in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Plasma glucose and drug concentrations were obtained following bolus and 2-h intravenous infusions of pramlintide at three dose levels or placebo in 25 T1DM subjects during the postprandial period in a crossover study. The original clinical data were reanalyzed by m","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1208/s12248-012-9409-7","pubmedId":"23054970","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1208/s12248-012-9409-7","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:25.388Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"e712d05f-405c-41dd-aa37-8ae0157f33d9","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Effect of pramlintide on prandial glycemic excursions during closed-loop control in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22815298/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Effect of pramlintide on prandial glycemic excursions during closed-loop control in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Even under closed-loop (CL) conditions, meal-related blood glucose (BG) excursions frequently exceed target levels as a result of delays in absorption of insulin from the subcutaneous site of infusion. We hypothesized that delaying gastric emptying with preprandial injections of pramlintide would improve postprandial glycemia by allowing a better match between carbohydrate and insulin absorptions.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.2337/dc12-0330","pubmedId":"22815298","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=280, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/dc12-0330","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:22.345Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"7ce027b0-78b4-4f11-8fb2-078461a6fd81","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31644254/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide is a recombinant DNA produced polypeptide analogue of human amylin that is used in combination with insulin in the therapy of diabetes. Pramlintide has not been associated with serum enzyme elevations during therapy or with instances of clinically apparent liver injury.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"31644254","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: reference/monograph-type record (PubMed book/reference-work entry) -- real and traceable, not primary research. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"other","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:31644254","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:21.380Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"7741b78f-9b9d-431d-8c09-5ce08acd32c0","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide: profile of an amylin analog.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30754127/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide: profile of an amylin analog.\" Abstract excerpt: Amylin is a naturally occurring hormone that regulates food intake and postprandial glucose excursions. Amylin is synthesized in the &#x3b2; cell and cosecreted with insulin. Type 1 diabetes and insulin-requiring Type 2 diabetes are amylin-deficient as well as insulin-deficient states. Pramlintide is a synthetic amylin analog that is used for replacement therapy. Pramlintide therapy slows diabetes","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1586/eem.12.50","pubmedId":"30754127","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=287, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1586/eem.12.50","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:20.855Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"354ea07f-2ee9-42d8-bc56-b8be94d3ffdd","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"[D-Leu-4]-OB3, a synthetic peptide amide with leptin-like activity, augments the effects of orally delivered exenatide and pramlintide acetate on energy balance and glycemic control in insulin-resistant male C57BLK/6-m db/db mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22960403/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"[D-Leu-4]-OB3, a synthetic peptide amide with leptin-like activity, augments the effects of orally delivered exenatide and pramlintide acetate on energy balance and glycemic control in insulin-resistant male C57BLK/6-m db/db mice.\" Abstract excerpt: The escalation predicted for the incidence of both type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity has prompted investigators to search for additional pharmacotherapeutic approaches to their treatment. Two of these approaches, combination pharmacotherapy and utilization of leptin-related bioactive synthetic peptides as anti-diabetes/anti-obesity agents, were used in the present study. Exenatide or pramlintid","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1016/j.regpep.2012.08.006","pubmedId":"22960403","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.regpep.2012.08.006","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:26.299Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"a8fcae06-a669-44c3-a74c-40c2a2cde694","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide and the treatment of diabetes: a review of the data since its introduction.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21564002/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide and the treatment of diabetes: a review of the data since its introduction.\" Abstract excerpt: Postprandial glucose excursions negatively affect glycemic control and markers of cardiovascular health. Pramlintide, an amylinomimetic, is approved for treatment of elevated postprandial glucose levels in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. A literature search of PubMed was conducted to locate articles (up to January 2011) pertaining to original preclinical and clinical research and reviews of a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1517/14656566.2011.581663","pubmedId":"21564002","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=105, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1517/14656566.2011.581663","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:20.931Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"ba3b4a5f-9414-4b57-b3de-98b6b1139bdf","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Primer on pramlintide, an amylin analog.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21471470/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Primer on pramlintide, an amylin analog.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide is an injectable synthetic analog of human amylin. It is indicated for patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who are taking mealtime insulin but have been unable to achieve desired glucose targets. Pramlintide decreases postprandial glucose by lowering inappropriate postmeal glucagon secretion, slowing gastric emptying, and increasing satiety. As such, pramlintide targets several of ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1177/0145721711403011","pubmedId":"21471470","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/0145721711403011","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:22.920Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"e09f2aec-3eb4-4066-8f11-c04160d79f4e","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"The effect of pramlintide acetate on glycemic control and weight in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and in obese patients without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21199269/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"The effect of pramlintide acetate on glycemic control and weight in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and in obese patients without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.\" Abstract excerpt: the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effect of pramlintide on glycemic control, weight and incidence of nausea and hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and in obese patients without diabetes (OBP). eight randomized, clinical trials were identified from multiple databases. Qualitative assessments and quantitative analyses were perform","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1111/j.1463-1326.2010.01337.x","pubmedId":"21199269","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=86, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2010.01337.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:24.192Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"3970c6ae-c010-4edc-8ce5-b15de2ec7016","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Comparison of the post-meal glucose response to different insulin bolus waveforms in insulin pump- and pre-meal pramlintide-treated type 1 diabetes patients.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20105039/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Comparison of the post-meal glucose response to different insulin bolus waveforms in insulin pump- and pre-meal pramlintide-treated type 1 diabetes patients.\" Abstract excerpt: Both pramlintide and insulin pump waveforms separately provide improved post-meal glucose control. However, when used together there may be a mismatch in actions leading to hypoglycemia. We studied the three currently available waveforms and a \"modified combination wave\" (MC) in pramlintide-treated patients. The MC was a \"square\" (SQ) wave combined with a \"standard\" (ST) bolus that was delayed 1 h","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1089/dia.2009.0096","pubmedId":"20105039","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1089/dia.2009.0096","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:26.147Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"76c2c491-e7c1-40eb-9b00-38372d406297","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Dose accuracy and injection force of disposable pens delivering pramlintide for the treatment of diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21129339/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Dose accuracy and injection force of disposable pens delivering pramlintide for the treatment of diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: The pen injection format, typically used for insulin administration, has been adapted for the injectable, noninsulin diabetes therapy pramlintide. Administered before major meals, pramlintide therapy requires two to four injections/day in addition to the patients' usual insulin injections. The dose accuracy and injection force was determined for the 60 and 120 &#xb5;g pramlintide pens. Dose accura","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1177/193229681000400618","pubmedId":"21129339","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/193229681000400618","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:24.552Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"55594784-cc3e-48ed-8a82-1954203482f3","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Efficacy and harms of the hypoglycemic agent pramlintide in diabetes mellitus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21060125/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Efficacy and harms of the hypoglycemic agent pramlintide in diabetes mellitus.\" Abstract excerpt: We conducted a study to examine the efficacy, effectiveness, and harms of pramlintide as adjunct therapy in adults and children with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. We searched multiple bibliographic databases to January 2010, the US Food and Drug Administration Web site, and other sources to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) fulfilling inclusion criteria. Syntheses were qualitative because ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1370/afm.1174","pubmedId":"21060125","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1370/afm.1174","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:23.263Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"8db02e4a-53aa-480a-9d28-0775b5fe3352","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Enhanced weight loss following coadministration of pramlintide with sibutramine or phentermine in a multicenter trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20094043/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Enhanced weight loss following coadministration of pramlintide with sibutramine or phentermine in a multicenter trial.\" Abstract excerpt: Preclinical evidence suggests that pharmacotherapy for obesity using combinations of agents targeted at distinct regulatory pathways may produce robust additive or synergistic effects on weight loss. This randomized placebo-controlled trial examined the safety and efficacy of the amylin analogue pramlintide alone or in combination with either phentermine or sibutramine. All patients also received ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1038/oby.2009.478","pubmedId":"20094043","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/oby.2009.478","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:23.644Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"7c31c89a-c6fc-40de-a286-5075f22426eb","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Patient reported outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes on basal insulin randomized to addition of mealtime pramlintide or rapid-acting insulin analogs.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20199136/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Patient reported outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes on basal insulin randomized to addition of mealtime pramlintide or rapid-acting insulin analogs.\" Abstract excerpt: To determine whether treatment satisfaction and quality of life were affected by adding mealtime pramlintide or rapid-acting insulin analogs (RAIAs) to basal insulin therapy for patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes. In this 24-week open-label, multicenter study of adults with type 2 diabetes, mealtime pramlintide (PRAM) (120 microg fixed dose; n = 56) or titrated RAIAs (n = 56) wa","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1185/03007991003634759","pubmedId":"20199136","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1185/03007991003634759","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:26.072Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"88bda30b-34d1-407c-be06-24c3bdd10cce","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Safety of pramlintide added to mealtime insulin in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes: a large observational study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20518811/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Safety of pramlintide added to mealtime insulin in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes: a large observational study.\" Abstract excerpt: The objective of this Phase 4, open-label, multicentre, observational study was to fulfil food and drug administration (FDA) postapproval requirement to evaluate in healthcare practices the risk of insulin-induced severe hypoglycaemia following initiation of pramlintide therapy in N = 1297 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with inadequate glycaemic c","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1111/j.1463-1326.2010.01201.x","pubmedId":"20518811","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=259, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2010.01201.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:22.849Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"59e1c775-e52c-4e5e-a47c-4eb22c63f31d","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"The role of pramlintide for weight loss.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20164472/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"The role of pramlintide for weight loss.\" Abstract excerpt: To evaluate the weight-loss effects of pramlintide. A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE (1950-October week 4, 2009), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970-October 2009), and Evidence Based Medicine Database (1991-2009 week 44) to identify relevant publications. Key words searched included pramlintide, weight loss, obesity, and overweight. Additional data sources were obtained throu","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1345/aph.1m210","pubmedId":"20164472","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=39, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1345/aph.1m210","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:23.739Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"01f94eef-93cf-4439-80de-ff21fdf37d71","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"A pilot trial of pramlintide home usage in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19858155/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"A pilot trial of pramlintide home usage in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of home pramlintide use in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. This was a randomized, 28-day pilot trial of pramlintide (maximum dose: 30 microg per meal) in 10 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years. End points included changes in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values, body weight, and postprandial peak blood glucose levels and area under the cur","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1542/peds.2008-3750","pubmedId":"19858155","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=76, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1542/peds.2008-3750","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:24.266Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"d6563c0a-76d1-48f7-92e7-63ed0cce9ea8","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Continuous subcutaneous pramlintide infusion therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes: observations from a pilot study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19546056/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Continuous subcutaneous pramlintide infusion therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes: observations from a pilot study.\" Abstract excerpt: To investigate the efficacy and safety of continuous (basal-bolus) subcutaneous pramlintide infusion (CSPI) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. A 16-week, open-label, single-arm pilot study enrolled 11 patients (mean +/- SD values: age, 39.9 +/- 4.0 years; hemoglobin A1c, 8.20% +/- 0.60%; weight, 92.3 +/- 18.4 kg; body mass index, 29.7 +/- 5.1 kg/m2) with longterm type 1 diabetes mellitus (","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.4158/ep09044.orr1","pubmedId":"19546056","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.4158/ep09044.orr1","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:20.835Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"7dc70b37-0960-46a8-b2f3-1e92fe154f55","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Enhanced weight loss with pramlintide/metreleptin: an integrated neurohormonal approach to obesity pharmacotherapy.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19521351/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Enhanced weight loss with pramlintide/metreleptin: an integrated neurohormonal approach to obesity pharmacotherapy.\" Abstract excerpt: The neurohormonal control of body weight involves a complex interplay between long-term adiposity signals (e.g., leptin), and short-term satiation signals (e.g., amylin). In diet-induced obese (DIO) rodents, amylin/leptin combination treatment led to marked, synergistic, fat-specific weight loss. To evaluate the weight-lowering effect of combined amylin/leptin agonism (with pramlintide/metreleptin","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1038/oby.2009.184","pubmedId":"19521351","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/oby.2009.184","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:21.667Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"c4393c5f-3360-4b3c-a2cd-dbac120d7be5","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Minimal reduction in insulin dosage with pramlintide therapy when pretreatment near-normal glycemia is established and square-wave meal bolus is used.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19364691/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Minimal reduction in insulin dosage with pramlintide therapy when pretreatment near-normal glycemia is established and square-wave meal bolus is used.\" Abstract excerpt: To evaluate the effect of near-normal glucose control before initiation of pramlintide therapy and square-wave meal bolus on self-reported hypoglycemia and the percentage change in dosing parameters after attaining the maximum pramlintide dosage. In this prospective study, insulin pump-treated patients with type 1 diabetes had insulin dosages optimally titrated on the basis of daily continuous glu","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.4158/ep.15.3.229","pubmedId":"19364691","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.4158/ep.15.3.229","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:22.807Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"a0019bfa-a501-49f8-95eb-4f60c87b117e","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide in pediatric type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19732574/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide in pediatric type 1 diabetes.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.04.065","pubmedId":"19732574","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.04.065","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:19.389Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"9cb39b14-944f-436e-8e65-eb7cfc9343ec","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide lowered glucose excursions and was well-tolerated in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: results from a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19464026/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide lowered glucose excursions and was well-tolerated in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: results from a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.\" Abstract excerpt: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and tolerability of pramlintide in treating adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Twelve subjects (9 females, 3 males, age 12 to 17 years; A1C, 8.4%; body mass index, 25 kg/m(2)) were randomized to pramlintide (15 or 30 microg) or placebo administered before a standardized breakfast. Insulin lispro (50% of usual mealtime dose) was injected se","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.03.012","pubmedId":"19464026","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=80, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.03.012","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:19.025Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"30f974e6-4df9-441e-8e8a-d5ec4ba5c743","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Psychometric properties of an instrument for assessing treatment satisfaction associated with pramlintide use.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19244569/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Psychometric properties of an instrument for assessing treatment satisfaction associated with pramlintide use.\" Abstract excerpt: The clinical benefits of any new treatment depend substantially on patient acceptance and treatment satisfaction, because only well-accepted treatments will be widely used. Thus, it is important to understand how patients experience a new treatment. This study assessed the psychometric properties of a questionnaire (PRAM-TSQ) designed to measure treatment satisfaction in patients using pramlintide","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1177/0145721708326989","pubmedId":"19244569","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/0145721708326989","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:25.696Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"a98c3ab3-a421-4531-8801-d036605dd076","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Randomized comparison of pramlintide or mealtime insulin added to basal insulin treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19502544/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Randomized comparison of pramlintide or mealtime insulin added to basal insulin treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: To compare the efficacy and safety of adding mealtime pramlintide or rapid-acting insulin analogs (RAIAs) to basal insulin for patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes. In a 24-week open-label, multicenter study, 113 patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to addition of mealtime pramlintide (120 microg) or a titrated RAIA to basal insulin and prior oral antihyperglycemic drugs (OADs). At","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.2337/dc09-0395","pubmedId":"19502544","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/dc09-0395","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:21.441Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"30a55238-be7d-4683-8a48-4257139bfdef","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Reducing postprandial hyperglycemia with adjuvant premeal pramlintide and postmeal insulin in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19140902/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Reducing postprandial hyperglycemia with adjuvant premeal pramlintide and postmeal insulin in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.\" Abstract excerpt: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adjuvant premeal pramlintide with postmeal insulin on postprandial hyperglycemia in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Eight adolescents with T1DM on intensive insulin therapy participated in an open-label, non-randomized, crossover study, comparing postprandial glucose excursions in study A (prescribed insulin regimen and given ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1111/j.1399-5448.2008.00490.x","pubmedId":"19140902","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1399-5448.2008.00490.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:24.100Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"243bb242-58f7-4c49-9e61-ca5f456fc4f2","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Review of pramlintide as adjunctive therapy in treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19920907/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Review of pramlintide as adjunctive therapy in treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide (Symlin), a synthetic analog of a neurohormone amylin, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use along with premeal insulin in patients with type 1. In patients with type 2 diabetes, pramlintide is approved for addition to pre-meal insulin in those patients who are either only on pre-meal insulin or those receiving the combination of insulin and metformin and/or a sul","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.2147/dddt.s3225","pubmedId":"19920907","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2147/dddt.s3225","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:22.416Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"c7042828-249c-4db8-a5fe-a940165d9907","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Solution state structures of human pancreatic amylin and pramlintide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19596697/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Solution state structures of human pancreatic amylin and pramlintide.\" Abstract excerpt: We have employed pramlintide (prAM) as a surrogate for hAM in CD and NMR studies of the conformational preferences of the N-terminal portion of the structure in media which do not provide long-lived monomeric solutions of hAM due to its rapid conversion to preamyloid beta aggregate states. Direct comparison of hAM and prAM could be made under helix-formation-favoring conditions. On the basis of CD","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1093/protein/gzp029","pubmedId":"19596697","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/protein/gzp029","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:24.024Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"ea93b8b5-abe9-465e-a325-1877b70d1f47","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"A biophysical characterization of the peptide drug pramlintide (AC137) using empirical phase diagrams.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17879973/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"A biophysical characterization of the peptide drug pramlintide (AC137) using empirical phase diagrams.\" Abstract excerpt: AC137 (pramlintide) is a 37-residue peptide analogue of the hormone amylin. Pramlintide has been studied as an adjunct antihyperglycemic treatment for patients with type 2 or type 1 diabetes who use insulin. This study took an empirical phase diagram (EPD) approach to obtain information about the structural stability of this peptide by compiling thermal perturbation data acquired from multiple spe","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1002/jps.21197","pubmedId":"17879973","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/jps.21197","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:23.797Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"ae9b1a90-b0f4-4c38-ac2c-c2ba97b75b41","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Clinical experience with the addition of pramlintide in patients with insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17909093/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Clinical experience with the addition of pramlintide in patients with insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.2337/dc07-0641","pubmedId":"17909093","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/dc07-0641","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:22.959Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"7fd22221-b33c-4130-a0d7-63aa00ca65bb","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Diabetes distress and its association with clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19049375/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Diabetes distress and its association with clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy.\" Abstract excerpt: This study was designed to assess diabetes-related distress and its association with clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes using basal insulin who were treated with pramlintide. In a 16-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study 211 patients using insulin glargine with or without oral antidiabetes agents were randomized to addition of pramlintide or placebo. Clinical outcomes (chang","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1089/dia.2008.0031","pubmedId":"19049375","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1089/dia.2008.0031","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:25.999Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"5b91a6af-25c9-4be6-93e7-ac85845b7faf","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Effect of pramlintide as an adjunct to basal insulin on markers of cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18031595/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Effect of pramlintide as an adjunct to basal insulin on markers of cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Intensification of insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes, while improving glycemic control, often leads to an increase in body weight and other markers of cardiovascular risk. The effects of pramlintide as an adjunct to basal insulin titration (without mealtime insulin) on glycemia and cardiovascular risk markers were examined. This was a post hoc analysis of a 16-week, double-blind, pl","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1185/030079908x253537","pubmedId":"18031595","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=202, totalMentions=12). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1185/030079908x253537","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:22.488Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"bed0f715-4f6e-480b-a445-edbd6a77ed7e","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18998755/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide, the first member of a new class of drugs for the treatment of insulin-using patients with type 2 or type 1 diabetes mellitus, is an analog of the peptide hormone amylin. Amylin is co-secreted with insulin from pancreatic beta cells and acts centrally to slow gastric emptying, suppress postprandial glucagon secretion, and decrease food intake. These actions complement those of insulin ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.2165/0063030-200822060-00004","pubmedId":"18998755","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2165/0063030-200822060-00004","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:21.004Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"1808a980-7ce7-4a8a-a3d2-480ee2ae81ff","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide reduced markers of oxidative stress in the postprandial period in patients with type 2 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17694505/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide reduced markers of oxidative stress in the postprandial period in patients with type 2 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: The production of oxidative stress as a result of postprandial hyperglycaemia is now recognized as an important contributing factor in the development of diabetes complications. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of pramlintide on plasma concentrations of glucose and several markers of oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes following a standardized meal. This was a r","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1002/dmrr.765","pubmedId":"17694505","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=236, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/dmrr.765","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:19.140Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"c6e9c26c-7ddf-46a2-8d21-cb656b793588","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide reduces the risks associated with glucose variability in type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18715216/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide reduces the risks associated with glucose variability in type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: This study was designed to determine whether pramlintide added to insulin therapy reduced the risks associated with extreme blood glucose (BG) fluctuations in patients with type 1 diabetes. Self-monitored BG (SMBG) records were retrospectively analyzed from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effects of pramlintide on intensively treated patients with type 1 diabetes. Two g","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1089/dia.2007.0295","pubmedId":"18715216","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=45, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1089/dia.2007.0295","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:19.213Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"6054eece-e785-41f8-85a8-061a05c3fa39","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide, the synthetic analogue of amylin: physiology, pathophysiology, and effects on glycemic control, body weight, and selected biomarkers of vascular risk.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18561511/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide, the synthetic analogue of amylin: physiology, pathophysiology, and effects on glycemic control, body weight, and selected biomarkers of vascular risk.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide is a synthetic version of the naturally occurring pancreatic peptide called amylin. Amylin and pramlintide have similar effects on lowering postprandial glucose, lowering postprandial glucagon and delaying gastric emptying. Pramlintide use in type 1 and insulin requiring type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with modest reductions in HbAlc often accompanied by weight loss. Limite","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.2147/vhrm.s1978","pubmedId":"18561511","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2147/vhrm.s1978","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:21.453Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"4615c28c-48e5-4330-8681-ba746c650e87","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Sustained weight loss following 12-month pramlintide treatment as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention in obesity.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18753666/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Sustained weight loss following 12-month pramlintide treatment as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention in obesity.\" Abstract excerpt: To assess long-term weight loss efficacy and safety of pramlintide used at different dosing regimens and in conjunction with lifestyle intervention (LSI). In a 4-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study, 411 obese subjects were randomized to receive pramlintide (six arms: 120, 240, and 360 microg b.i.d. and t.i.d.) or placebo in conjunction with a structured LSI program geared t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.2337/dc08-0029","pubmedId":"18753666","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/dc08-0029","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:22.884Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"8ffa438a-0a3d-4638-801c-9c05bc91a9b4","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Assessing treatment satisfaction in patients treated with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17624233/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Assessing treatment satisfaction in patients treated with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy.\" Abstract excerpt: This study was designed to assess treatment satisfaction in patients using pramlintide who had not previously achieved glycemic targets with insulin therapy alone. Assessment included the association between treatment satisfaction and clinical outcomes (changes in post-prandial glucose [PPG], glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA(1c)], weight, and insulin requirements). In this open-label study 240 partici","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1185/030079907x210804","pubmedId":"17624233","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1185/030079907x210804","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:24.176Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"ba0d356a-6353-4f71-b835-deffb9a5f5b7","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Effect of adjunctive pramlintide treatment on treatment satisfaction in patients with type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17259483/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Effect of adjunctive pramlintide treatment on treatment satisfaction in patients with type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: To assess the effect of adjunctive pramlintide treatment on treatment satisfaction in patients with type 1 diabetes treated with intensive insulin regimens. Intensively treated (multiple daily injection [MDI] or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion [CSII] pump therapy) patients with type 1 diabetes completed a study-specific treatment satisfaction questionnaire following 29 weeks of either pla","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.2337/dc06-1026","pubmedId":"17259483","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=35, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/dc06-1026","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:24.569Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"7319745e-dd70-43df-ac93-07e1a11fad13","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Is pramlintide a safe and effective adjunct therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes?","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17452962/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Is pramlintide a safe and effective adjunct therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes?\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1038/ncpendmet0506","pubmedId":"17452962","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/ncpendmet0506","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:19.768Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"effcd2db-1898-4d23-8a75-7f07e0327250","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Low-dose pramlintide reduced food intake and meal duration in healthy, normal-weight subjects.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17495194/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Low-dose pramlintide reduced food intake and meal duration in healthy, normal-weight subjects.\" Abstract excerpt: We previously reported that a single preprandial injection (120 microg) of pramlintide, an analog of the beta-cell hormone amylin, reduced ad libitum food intake in obese subjects. To further characterize the meal-related effects of amylin signaling in humans, we studied a lower pramlintide dose (30 microg) in normal-weight subjects. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over st","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1038/oby.2007.626","pubmedId":"17495194","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=75, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/oby.2007.626","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:22.128Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"c6646eb1-a52c-42ce-9e7a-c81ad51f1ba5","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pharmacokinetics of an oral drug (acetaminophen) administered at various times relative to subcutaneous injection of pramlintide in subjects with type 2 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17463219/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pharmacokinetics of an oral drug (acetaminophen) administered at various times relative to subcutaneous injection of pramlintide in subjects with type 2 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide, an adjunct treatment to mealtime insulin for patients with type 2 and type 1 diabetes, aids glycemic control by suppressing postprandial glucagon secretion, slowing gastric emptying, and enhancing satiety. Because gastric emptying affects oral medication absorption, this placebo-controlled, single-blind, crossover study examined the absorption of 1000 mg of acetaminophen elixir admini","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1177/0091270007300949","pubmedId":"17463219","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/0091270007300949","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:26.224Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"a972db37-8070-479c-a903-c3c860c55d37","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide acetate injection for the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17617279/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide acetate injection for the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.\" Abstract excerpt: Amylin is a hormone cosecreted with insulin by the beta cells of the pancreas. It suppresses postprandial glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying. Pramlintide acetate is an amylin analogue that was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in March 2005. This article reviews the current primary literature on the clinical efficacy and tolerability of pramlintide injection in the treatme","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.04.005","pubmedId":"17617279","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=153, totalMentions=11). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.04.005","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:21.525Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"6327b606-b33d-42af-b21f-83114f83d576","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes in a clinical practice setting reduced A1C, postprandial glucose excursions, and weight.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17425446/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes in a clinical practice setting reduced A1C, postprandial glucose excursions, and weight.\" Abstract excerpt: This study was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of pramlintide therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes in a clinical practice setting. In this open-label study, 166 insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes added pramlintide therapy (120 microg) during an initiation period in which mealtime insulin was reduced by 30-50%. Insulin doses were subsequently adjusted to optimize glycemic ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1089/dia.2006.0013","pubmedId":"17425446","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=61, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1089/dia.2006.0013","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:19.332Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"9ea97312-ba9f-4d94-ad1f-42d4ebab3b0d","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide improved glycemic control and reduced weight in patients with type 2 diabetes using basal insulin.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17698615/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide improved glycemic control and reduced weight in patients with type 2 diabetes using basal insulin.\" Abstract excerpt: To assess the efficacy and safety of pramlintide in patients with type 2 diabetes suboptimally controlled with basal insulin. In a 16-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 212 patients using insulin glargine with or without oral antidiabetes agents (OAs) were randomized to addition of pramlintide (60 or 120 microg b.i.d./t.i.d.) or placebo. Insulin glargine was adjusted to target a fasting","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.2337/dc07-0589","pubmedId":"17698615","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=37, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/dc07-0589","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:19.405Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"537e82e8-7a04-45a9-b971-5918e8941a67","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide treatment reduces 24-h caloric intake and meal sizes and improves control of eating in obese subjects: a 6-wk translational research study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17505051/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide treatment reduces 24-h caloric intake and meal sizes and improves control of eating in obese subjects: a 6-wk translational research study.\" Abstract excerpt: Evidence from rodent studies indicates that the beta-cell-derived neurohormone amylin exerts multiple effects on eating behavior, including reductions in meal size, intake of highly palatable foods, and stress-induced sucrose consumption. To assess the effect of amylin agonism on human eating behavior we conducted a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled, multicenter study investigating the effec","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00217.2007","pubmedId":"17505051","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00217.2007","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:19.160Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"76c16023-3596-4048-befd-e113422f9580","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Progressive reduction in body weight after treatment with the amylin analog pramlintide in obese subjects: a phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17504894/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Progressive reduction in body weight after treatment with the amylin analog pramlintide in obese subjects: a phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study.\" Abstract excerpt: In previous 1-yr trials, treatment with pramlintide (120 microg), an analog of the beta-cell hormone amylin, induced sustained reductions in A1C and body weight in insulin-using subjects with type 2 diabetes. To assess the potential of pramlintide as an antiobesity agent, we assessed the weight effect, safety, and tolerability of pramlintide in non-insulin-treated obese subjects with and without t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2006-2003","pubmedId":"17504894","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/jc.2006-2003","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:24.931Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"501c3179-ad05-4617-a6e4-c8be80f59df2","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"The role of prandial pramlintide in the treatment of adolescents with type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17957149/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"The role of prandial pramlintide in the treatment of adolescents with type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide, a synthetic analog of amylin, improves postprandial hyperglycemia. We compared subcutaneous (s.c.) pramlintide injection with square wave pramlintide infusion in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Eight subjects with T1DM underwent two randomized studies. Subcutaneous pramlintide (dose = 5 microg/unit of insulin) bolus, was given one time and another time, the same dose was give","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1203/pdr.0b013e318159af8c","pubmedId":"17957149","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=11). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1203/pdr.0b013e318159af8c","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:24.496Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"962c2dad-f1a3-45b2-826c-ada4507ef851","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Therapies for diabetes: pramlintide and exenatide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17619527/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Therapies for diabetes: pramlintide and exenatide.\" Abstract excerpt: The American Diabetes Association currently recommends an A1C goal of less than 7 percent. However, many patients are unable to achieve this goal by using oral drug combinations or diet and exercise, leaving insulin as the only treatment option. In most cases, insulin is initiated later in therapy because of its inconvenience and adverse effects (e.g., weight gain, hypoglycemia, possible role in a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"17619527","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:17619527","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:20.911Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"ed3110f9-2eef-4477-9682-b123eec2263f","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessing pramlintide treatment in the setting of intensive insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17003291/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessing pramlintide treatment in the setting of intensive insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: To assess safety, efficacy, and tolerability of pramlintide dose escalation with proactive mealtime insulin reduction, followed by insulin optimization, in patients with type 1 diabetes. This 29-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study randomized 296 patients to pramlintide or placebo as an adjunct to insulin. During initiation, pramlintide was escalated from 15 to 60 microg/meal (15-microg in","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.2337/dc06-0042","pubmedId":"17003291","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/dc06-0042","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:23.719Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"5ead2379-69a3-4686-8dd2-0079f071dcbb","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Adjunctive therapy with pramlintide in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17064208/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Adjunctive therapy with pramlintide in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus.\" Abstract excerpt: Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus is associated with both microvascular and macrovascular complications. Despite an array of treatment options available, achievement of euglycemia in most patients with diabetes is still lacking. Pramlintide acetate, a synthetic analog of the human hormone amylin and belonging to a new class of agents, was approved in March 2005 as adjunctive treatment in patients wit","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1592/phco.26.11.1626","pubmedId":"17064208","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1592/phco.26.11.1626","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:20.984Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"aaa2cab4-7af5-4733-bf38-027115e899cc","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Diabetes basics. Exenatide and pramlintide. New meds on the block.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16888865/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Diabetes basics. Exenatide and pramlintide. New meds on the block.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"16888865","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:16888865","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:22.200Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"f5a74172-af13-4c6a-ac69-050839e5d71d","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Exenatide and pramlintide: new glucose-lowering agents for treating diabetes mellitus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16708716/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Exenatide and pramlintide: new glucose-lowering agents for treating diabetes mellitus.\" Abstract excerpt: Insulin is not the only hormone that regulates plasma glucose levels. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), produced in the small intestine, and amylin, produced by beta cells in the pancreas, also have glucose-lowering effects. Synthetic analogues of these hormones are now available for clinical use.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.3949/ccjm.73.5.477","pubmedId":"16708716","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3949/ccjm.73.5.477","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:20.224Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"9eab67e1-060b-439a-a981-b3a00b9db13a","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Exenatide and pramlintide: new therapies for diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17109659/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Exenatide and pramlintide: new therapies for diabetes.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.01219.x","pubmedId":"17109659","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.01219.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:20.300Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"3eae8b8f-9c23-42f6-8321-0447e4eba22e","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30000033/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide has a high molecular weight, so it is unlikely to pass into breastmilk in clinically important amounts. It also has a short half-life, and it is a peptide that is likely digested in the infant's gastrointestinal tract, so it is unlikely to reach the clinically important levels in infant serum. However, because no information is available on the use of pramlintide during breastfeeding a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"30000033","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: reference/monograph-type record (PubMed book/reference-work entry) -- real and traceable, not primary research. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"other","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:30000033","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:21.767Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"04bde986-e867-48db-8078-eff7626efc0b","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide in the management of insulin-using patients with type 2 and type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17326327/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide in the management of insulin-using patients with type 2 and type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: In patients with diabetes, dysregulation of multiple glucoregulatory hormones results in chronic hyperglycemia and an array of associated microvascular and macrovascular complications. Optimization of glycemic control, both overall (glycosylated hemoglobin [A1C]) and in the postprandial period, may reduce the risk of long-term vascular complications. However, despite significant recent therapeutic","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.2147/vhrm.2006.2.3.203","pubmedId":"17326327","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2147/vhrm.2006.2.3.203","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:19.313Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"90816db1-19dc-4527-b6d7-8a431941d60c","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide in the treatment of diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17109671/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide in the treatment of diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Diabetes treatment has traditionally focused on correcting insulin deficiency with exogenous insulin and oral agents designed to enhance insulin secretion or insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. The more recent view of diabetes as a disease that affects multiple hormones in addition to insulin has led to the development of new therapies more broadly aimed at restoring glucose homeostasis by ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.01187.x","pubmedId":"17109671","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.01187.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:19.236Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"bfcedec7-6055-4eb4-aadd-16c14a293dea","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide: A new tool in diabetes management.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17076994/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide: A new tool in diabetes management.\" Abstract excerpt: The amylin analogue pramlintide acts in concert with insulin to regulate glucose metabolism. It reduces postprandial hyperglycemia by suppressing postprandial glucagon secretion, regulating gastric emptying, and reducing food intake. In clinical use, pramlintide reduces postprandial glycemic excursions and improves A(1c) without the weight gain and increased risk of hypoglycemia typically seen wit","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1007/s11892-006-0004-0","pubmedId":"17076994","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=20, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s11892-006-0004-0","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:21.600Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"2c3c29c5-4cf9-40fe-87ee-66c5bace90dc","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Update in the pharmacologic treatment of diabetes mellitus: focus on pramlintide and exenatide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16971704/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Update in the pharmacologic treatment of diabetes mellitus: focus on pramlintide and exenatide.\" Abstract excerpt: There are now more than 20 million people in America with diabetes mellitus (DM), and the prevalence of this illness continues to increase especially in those with type 2 DM. Over the past decade, research in the area of DM treatment has focused on pharmacologic approaches to modifying glucose metabolism as well as on lifestyle interventions to prevent and manage DM. Pharmacologic research has bee","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1177/0145721706294003","pubmedId":"16971704","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/0145721706294003","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:24.704Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"f6dbb68c-09d2-4b5e-b67f-92387f5faaa7","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Use of Pramlintide: The Patient's Perspective","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145721706288249","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Use of Pramlintide: The Patient's Perspective\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide is the first new antihyperglycemic agent approved for both type 2 and type 1 diabetes since insulin was developed in the 1920s. It is a synthetic analogue of human amylin, a naturally occurring neuroendocrine hormone synthesized by pancreatic beta cells. Pramlintide helps regulate the rate of glucose appearance and improves glucose control postprandially. This action is accomplished th","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1177/0145721706288249","pubmedId":"16751352","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/0145721706288249","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:21.912Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"0712f994-1458-47f1-9b05-ac5cadd69974","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Adjunctive therapy with pramlintide lowers HbA1c without concomitant weight gain and increased risk of severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes approaching glycemic targets.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15891954/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Adjunctive therapy with pramlintide lowers HbA1c without concomitant weight gain and increased risk of severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes approaching glycemic targets.\" Abstract excerpt: In long-term clinical trials in patients with type 1 diabetes spanning a wide range of HbA1c, addition of pramlintide to existing insulin regimens led to reductions in HbA1c that were accompanied by weight loss and no increase in overall severe hypoglycemia event rates. Given that weight gain and increased hypoglycemia risk contribute to the difficulty of attaining HbA1c targets (&lt;7 %), the que","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1055/s-2005-837662","pubmedId":"15891954","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1055/s-2005-837662","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:21.059Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"2a7b9110-6fa6-4246-ac2d-db0b6c1a29a4","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Effect of pramlintide on satiety and food intake in obese subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15843914/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Effect of pramlintide on satiety and food intake in obese subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Long-term trials in insulin-treated subjects with type 2 diabetes have shown that adjunctive treatment with the amylin analogue pramlintide reduces HbA(1)c levels and elicits weight loss. While amylin reduces food intake in rodents, pramlintide's effect on satiety and food intake in humans has not yet been assessed. In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, 11 insulin-t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1007/s00125-005-1732-4","pubmedId":"15843914","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=128, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00125-005-1732-4","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:22.561Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"e87008c5-21c2-4d8d-b03c-b9e99fd58afd","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Effects of pramlintide on postprandial glucose excursions and measures of oxidative stress in patients with type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15735200/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Effects of pramlintide on postprandial glucose excursions and measures of oxidative stress in patients with type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Oxidative stress has been shown to be increased in the postprandial period in patients with diabetes and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of micro- and macrovascular complications. The aim of this post hoc analysis was to assess the effects of pramlintide, an amylin analog shown to reduce postprandial glucose excursions in patients with diabetes, on markers of oxidative stress in the postpr","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.2337/diacare.28.3.632","pubmedId":"15735200","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=251, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/diacare.28.3.632","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:23.065Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"c78590e4-a415-4da8-8341-b3cd3ba3bd89","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"New drugs: exenatide, pramlintide acetate, and micafungin sodium.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16128511/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"New drugs: exenatide, pramlintide acetate, and micafungin sodium.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1331/1544345054475504","pubmedId":"16128511","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1331/1544345054475504","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:20.684Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"5f8c8f5a-4b15-4e58-9438-a90fe1e23686","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide (symlin) for diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15912124/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide (symlin) for diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: An injected analog of human amylin used as an adjunct to insulin.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"15912124","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:15912124","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:19.464Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"623e158e-b26d-4887-b11d-d53db9bb5951","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide acetate.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16278328/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide acetate.\" Abstract excerpt: The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and dosage and administration of pramlintide are reviewed. Pramlintide, a synthetic analogue of the human hormone amylin, is the first of a new class of amylinomimetic compounds. It was approved in March 2005 as a subcutaneous injection for the adjunctive treatment of patients who have type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus and have fa","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.2146/ajhp050341","pubmedId":"16278328","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=105, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2146/ajhp050341","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:19.550Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"cff61d43-724d-4b09-8848-b277f6187d31","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide in the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16330288/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide in the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.\" Abstract excerpt: Amylin is a 37-amino acid peptide neurohormone that is cosecreted with insulin from the pancreatic beta cells in response to meals. It lowers serum glucose by decreasing glucagon release, slowing gastric emptying, and decreasing food intake. Pramlintide, a synthetic amylin analogue, is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use with mealtime insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes an","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1016/j.clinthera.2005.10.009","pubmedId":"16330288","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=242, totalMentions=12). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2005.10.009","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:19.477Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"5688fd83-fd06-41a8-a222-ef6d520ca572","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Properties of pramlintide and insulin upon mixing.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15821274/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Properties of pramlintide and insulin upon mixing.\" Abstract excerpt: The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of pramlintide and various insulin formulations in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) when given as separate injections or mixed in the same syringe before injection were studied. In two randomized, open-label, placebo-controlled, five-period-crossover studies, patients with type 1 DM received preprandial injections of pramlintide, short-","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1093/ajhp/62.8.816","pubmedId":"15821274","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=54, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/ajhp/62.8.816","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:23.901Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"273b42c5-ba31-480f-9551-3ccfc8754b72","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"The effect of pramlintide on hormonal, metabolic or symptomatic responses to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16050943/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"The effect of pramlintide on hormonal, metabolic or symptomatic responses to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide, a human amylin analogue, is a potential new adjunctive therapy to insulin for patients with type 1 diabetes and insulin-using patients with type 2 diabetes. Early clinical trials have shown a transient increased risk of hypoglycaemia in some patients at the time of initiating pramlintide therapy. This may be the result of combining the postprandial glucose, lowering effect of pramlint","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1111/j.1463-1326.2004.00417.x","pubmedId":"16050943","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2004.00417.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:23.975Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"9358547a-28ad-41fd-bfca-9ff149bce01f","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Amylin replacement with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy improves long-term glycaemic and weight control in Type 1 diabetes mellitus: a 1-year, randomized controlled trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15498087/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Amylin replacement with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy improves long-term glycaemic and weight control in Type 1 diabetes mellitus: a 1-year, randomized controlled trial.\" Abstract excerpt: The autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta-cells in Type 1 diabetes mellitus renders patients deficient in two glucoregulatory peptide hormones, insulin and amylin. With insulin replacement alone, most patients do not achieve glycaemic goals. We aimed to determine the long-term efficacy and safety of adjunctive therapy with pramlintide, a synthetic human amylin analogue, in patients wi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01319.x","pubmedId":"15498087","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01319.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:21.136Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"2cf2c890-2299-44c9-b9d3-ef11c51376e7","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Effect of pramlintide on symptom, catecholamine, and glucagon responses to hypoglycemia in healthy subjects.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15334389/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Effect of pramlintide on symptom, catecholamine, and glucagon responses to hypoglycemia in healthy subjects.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide is an analog of the human glucoregulatory hormone amylin. Previous studies have shown no clear evidence that pramlintide modifies the response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia; however, a detailed assessment of responses at hypoglycemic thresholds has not been conducted. To further test the effect of pramlintide on symptom, catecholamine, and glucagon responses, a 3-step hypoglycemic cl","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1016/j.metabol.2004.04.010","pubmedId":"15334389","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2004.04.010","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:22.634Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"dcd55c46-ede2-4b88-a3d1-55e4a7578c46","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Effect of pramlintide on weight in overweight and obese insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090634/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Effect of pramlintide on weight in overweight and obese insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients.\" Abstract excerpt: Several randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes have shown that adjunctive therapy with pramlintide reduces hemoglobin (Hb)A1c with concomitant weight loss. This analysis further characterizes the weight-lowering effect of pramlintide in this patient population. This pooled post hoc analysis of two long-term trials included all patients ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1038/oby.2004.76","pubmedId":"15090634","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=149, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/oby.2004.76","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:22.705Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"0c0fb8aa-019c-442a-8ae5-ca311a2b602d","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide for the treatment of insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus: rationale and review of clinical data.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15212559/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide for the treatment of insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus: rationale and review of clinical data.\" Abstract excerpt: Despite a number of incremental, beneficial improvements in diabetes mellitus therapy over the past few decades, the fundamental challenge of replicating the physiological entry into, and uptake of glucose from, the circulation remains unresolved. Pramlintide is an analogue of the beta-cell hormone amylin that simulates its important glucoregulatory actions. In humans, pramlintide slows gastric em","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.2165/00003495-200464130-00003","pubmedId":"15212559","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=248, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2165/00003495-200464130-00003","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:21.077Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"a99d1d1e-ab38-43dc-af6d-a6837fe677b9","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide reduces postprandial glucose excursions when added to insulin lispro in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a dose-timing study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14737746/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide reduces postprandial glucose excursions when added to insulin lispro in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a dose-timing study.\" Abstract excerpt: To assess the postprandial glucose-lowering effect of the human amylin analog pramlintide when given with insulin lispro in subjects with type 2 diabetes, with an emphasis on the optimal dose timing relative to meals. In this randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, five-way crossover study, 19 subjects with type 2 diabetes using insulin lispro underwent five consecutive mixed-meal tests. In ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1002/dmrr.419","pubmedId":"14737746","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=78, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/dmrr.419","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:19.662Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"80ac5879-d7b8-4077-a5e0-b5e7a786a793","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Addition of pramlintide to insulin therapy lowers HbA1c in conjunction with weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes approaching glycaemic targets.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14617226/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Addition of pramlintide to insulin therapy lowers HbA1c in conjunction with weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes approaching glycaemic targets.\" Abstract excerpt: Two long-term, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials in insulin-using patients with type 2 diabetes, spanning a wide range of baseline glycaemic control, have shown that the addition of pramlintide, an analogue of the beta-cell hormone amylin, to pre-existing insulin regimens results in reductions in HbA1c that are accompanied by weight loss. To assess whether this profile o","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1046/j.1463-1326.2003.00295.x","pubmedId":"14617226","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=209, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1046/j.1463-1326.2003.00295.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:23.511Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"e1df3f21-c075-4c1c-bb2d-f9c8ce37f9fa","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Effect of pramlintide on A1C and body weight in insulin-treated African Americans and Hispanics with type 2 diabetes: a pooled post hoc analysis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14669170/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Effect of pramlintide on A1C and body weight in insulin-treated African Americans and Hispanics with type 2 diabetes: a pooled post hoc analysis.\" Abstract excerpt: An unresolved problem in the management of type 2 diabetes is that improvement of glycemic control with insulin, insulin secretagogues, and insulin sensitizers is often accompanied by undesired weight gain. This problem is of particular concern in ethnic groups with a high propensity for diabetes and obesity, such as African Americans and Hispanics. Two 1-year, randomized, double-blind, placebo-co","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1016/j.metabol.2003.06.003","pubmedId":"14669170","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2003.06.003","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:19.996Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"3a2fe16e-802b-4c8b-bd0d-c97c0b27eff8","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Ex vivo human placental transfer of the peptides pramlintide and exenatide (synthetic exendin-4).","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14992323/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Ex vivo human placental transfer of the peptides pramlintide and exenatide (synthetic exendin-4).\" Abstract excerpt: Two peptides, pramlintide (37 amino acids), an analog of human amylin, and exenatide, synthetic exendin-4 (39 amino acids), are both in late-stage clinical development as potential new treatments for people with diabetes. Both are potential long-term treatments, and there is the likelihood that some women will become pregnant while using one of these peptide therapies. Therefore, it was important ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1191/0960327103ht402oa","pubmedId":"14992323","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1191/0960327103ht402oa","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:23.569Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"0813cc26-95b1-4e22-82a0-b8ecf34c2409","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Impact of pramlintide on glucose fluctuations and postprandial glucose, glucagon, and triglyceride excursions among patients with type 1 diabetes intensively treated with insulin pumps.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12502651/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Impact of pramlintide on glucose fluctuations and postprandial glucose, glucagon, and triglyceride excursions among patients with type 1 diabetes intensively treated with insulin pumps.\" Abstract excerpt: To assess the effects of adjunctive treatment with pramlintide, an analog of the beta-cell hormone amylin, on 24-h glucose fluctuations and postprandial glucose, glucagon, and triglyceride excursions in patients with type 1 diabetes intensively treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). In this study, 18 patients (16 of whom could be evaluated) with type 1 diabetes (age 44 +/- 1","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.2337/diacare.26.1.1","pubmedId":"12502651","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=51, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/diacare.26.1.1","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:22.777Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"bdd07c47-3a29-481a-bc5e-350c903bfe32","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy improves long-term glycemic and weight control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 1-year randomized controlled trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12610038/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy improves long-term glycemic and weight control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 1-year randomized controlled trial.\" Abstract excerpt: Mealtime amylin replacement with the human amylin analog pramlintide, as an adjunct to mealtime insulin replacement, reduces postprandial glucose excursions in patients with type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of pramlintide in this patient population. In a 52-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter study, 656 pa","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.2337/diacare.26.3.784","pubmedId":"12610038","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=57, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/diacare.26.3.784","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:19.997Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"c31dcfa2-f25a-4fc1-b5cb-9e6516ec60dc","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12841822/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.\" Abstract excerpt: To provide an overview of the role of amylin, as well as that of pramlintide, a synthetic analog of amylin, in maintaining glucose homeostasis; and discuss the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, adverse effects, and role of pramlintide in the control of postprandial hyperglycemia. The data presented in this review were obtained from published literature, abstracts presented at scientific me","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1345/aph.1c387","pubmedId":"12841822","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=65, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1345/aph.1c387","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:19.737Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"3f275c32-8c6f-4b72-bdeb-8a9ddbd87a6f","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide reduces postprandial glucose excursions when added to regular insulin or insulin lispro in subjects with type 1 diabetes: a dose-timing study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14578242/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide reduces postprandial glucose excursions when added to regular insulin or insulin lispro in subjects with type 1 diabetes: a dose-timing study.\" Abstract excerpt: To assess the postprandial glucose-lowering effect of the human amylin analog pramlintide when given with either regular insulin or insulin lispro in subjects with type 1 diabetes, with an emphasis on the optimal dose timing relative to meals. In this randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, five-way crossover study, 19 subjects with type 1 diabetes using regular insulin and 21 subjects with ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.2337/diacare.26.11.3074","pubmedId":"14578242","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=78, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/diacare.26.11.3074","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:19.924Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"d42aadf5-0245-4a21-b5bb-fd405b38442e","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide: (AC 137, AC 0137, Symlin, Tripro-Amylin).","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12534323/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide: (AC 137, AC 0137, Symlin, Tripro-Amylin).\" Abstract excerpt: Adis CommentsPramlintide [AC 0137, AC 137, tripro-amylin, Symlin] is a synthetic human amylin analogue with proline substitutions at positions 25, 28 and 29, which limits the self-aggregation seen with native amylin. Pramlintide improves glycaemic control, and appears to reduce postprandial blood glucose peaks and flatten the glucose peaks and troughs observed in diabetic patients. The reduction o","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.2165/00063030-200317010-00008","pubmedId":"12534323","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=13, totalMentions=18). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2165/00063030-200317010-00008","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:19.854Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"d0b156c0-099e-4dd8-bdab-ecf6a1008869","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"A randomized study and open-label extension evaluating the long-term efficacy of pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11919132/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"A randomized study and open-label extension evaluating the long-term efficacy of pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: To assess the effect of mealtime amylin replacement with pramlintide on long-term glycemic and weight control in patients with type 1 diabetes. In a 52-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study, 480 patients with type 1 diabetes were randomized to receive preprandial injections of placebo or 30 microg pramlintide q.i.d., in addition to existing insulin regimens. At week 20, pramlin","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.2337/diacare.25.4.724","pubmedId":"11919132","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/diacare.25.4.724","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:25.311Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"cc232f83-939c-4d7a-a1a4-2af2ccd8d4d8","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Adjunctive therapy with the amylin analogue pramlintide leads to a combined improvement in glycemic and weight control in insulin-treated subjects with type 2 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12017421/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Adjunctive therapy with the amylin analogue pramlintide leads to a combined improvement in glycemic and weight control in insulin-treated subjects with type 2 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of mealtime amylin replacement with pramlintide on long-term glycemic and weight control in subjects with type 2 diabetes. This 52-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter, double-blind, dose-ranging study in 538 insulin-treated subjects with type 2 diabetes compared the efficacy and safety of 30-, 75-, or 150-microg doses of pramlintid","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1089/15209150252924094","pubmedId":"12017421","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1089/15209150252924094","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:23.111Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"44dbd0e0-34e9-4d7e-9386-46e16470c6e7","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Anti-diabetogenic effect of the human amylin analogue, pramlintide, in Type 1 diabetes is not mediated by GLP-1.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12207819/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Anti-diabetogenic effect of the human amylin analogue, pramlintide, in Type 1 diabetes is not mediated by GLP-1.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1046/j.1464-5491.2002.00657_1.x","pubmedId":"12207819","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.2002.00657_1.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:23.947Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"b39d22dc-34ea-4f45-9a48-97eb55644f0e","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Effects of pramlintide, an amylin analogue, on gastric emptying in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11975712/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Effects of pramlintide, an amylin analogue, on gastric emptying in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide delays gastric emptying, possibly by a centrally mediated mechanism. Our aim was to determine whether the effects of pramlintide on gastric emptying differ in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who had no history of complications. Using a randomized, three-period, two-dose, crossover design, we studied the effects of 0, 30, or 60 microg t.i.d. pramlintide subcutaneously for 5 days e","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2982.2002.00311.x","pubmedId":"11975712","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1046/j.1365-2982.2002.00311.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:23.138Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"7b00d92b-699e-429b-b843-05c595035d3c","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Is pramlintide an adjunct to insulin therapy?","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12079622/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Is pramlintide an adjunct to insulin therapy?\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1089/15209150260007408","pubmedId":"12079622","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1089/15209150260007408","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:19.846Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"e86a2fb3-1a82-4379-8a62-d3be2a67ea21","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide: an agent for glycemic control plus weight control?","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12017422/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide: an agent for glycemic control plus weight control?\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1089/15209150252924102","pubmedId":"12017422","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1089/15209150252924102","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:19.541Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"1c34de11-4157-4971-bce4-12417f7a91f5","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"The human amylin analog, pramlintide, corrects postprandial hyperglucagonemia in patients with type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11979398/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"The human amylin analog, pramlintide, corrects postprandial hyperglucagonemia in patients with type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Mealtime amylin replacement with the human amylin analog pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy improves postprandial glycemia and long-term glycemic control in type 1 diabetes. Preclinical animal studies indicate that these complementary effects may result from at least 2 independent mechanisms: a slowing of nutrient delivery to the small intestine and a suppression of nutrient-stimulated g","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1053/meta.2002.32022","pubmedId":"11979398","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1053/meta.2002.32022","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:21.516Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"1513e120-0398-4f82-b318-1a47f61d8b3c","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"The human amylin analog, pramlintide, reduces postprandial hyperglucagonemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12384827/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"The human amylin analog, pramlintide, reduces postprandial hyperglucagonemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.\" Abstract excerpt: Amylin is a second beta-cell hormone that is normally co-secreted with insulin in response to meals; it complements the effects of insulin in postprandial glucose control, in part by suppressing glucagon secretion. In patients with type 2 diabetes, mealtime administration of the human amylin analog pramlintide markedly improves postprandial glucose excursions. The aim of this study was to examine ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1055/s-2002-34790","pubmedId":"12384827","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1055/s-2002-34790","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:21.591Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"71d7c37f-9d4c-4043-9983-54620afb6680","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Amylin replacement with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a physiological approach toward improved metabolic control.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11472273/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Amylin replacement with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a physiological approach toward improved metabolic control.\" Abstract excerpt: Destruction and dysfunction of pancreatic beta-cells, resulting in absolute and relative insulin deficiency, represent key abnormalities in the pathogenesis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively. Following the discovery of amylin, a second beta-cell hormone that is co-secreted with insulin in response to nutrient stimuli, it was realized that diabetes represents a state of bihormonal beta ce","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2001,"doi":"10.2174/1381612013397357","pubmedId":"11472273","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2174/1381612013397357","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:21.364Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"e1b76a9d-4a12-4bc3-8d13-efd44d7ba33c","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide (Amylin).","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11763160/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide (Amylin).\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide is a human amylin analog, under development by Amylin (originally in collaboration with Johnson & Johnson), as an adjunct with insulin for the potential prevention of complications of type I diabetes, and as a single agent for type II diabetes [279804], [295121], [305454]. In December 2000, Amylin submitted a US NDA seeking approval to market pramlintide as an adjunctive therapy for ty","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2001,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"11763160","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:11763160","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:21.237Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"d39e96e8-ea13-4a8d-8955-36370a8ca62a","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide: FDA wants more.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11710342/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide: FDA wants more.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2001,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"11710342","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:11710342","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:19.618Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"2ac1343a-28d9-43b2-b830-6f9e3cf2a88e","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Kinetics of pramlintide degradation in aqueous solution as a function of temperature and pH.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14727840/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Kinetics of pramlintide degradation in aqueous solution as a function of temperature and pH.\" Abstract excerpt: The stability of the 37-amino acid peptide pramlintide, in aqueous solution, was studied as a function of pH and temperature. Samples of pramlintide formulated as a parenteral product were exposed to elevated temperatures and to realistic storage conditions for as long as 30 months. Pramlintide degradation was monitored by three high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods: a reversed-pha","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1208/pt010207","pubmedId":"14727840","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=43, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1208/pt010207","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:23.816Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"4ee77979-2c67-4403-bba0-e83430f578c4","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Orthogonal HPLC methods for quantitating related substances and degradation products of pramlintide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14727855/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Orthogonal HPLC methods for quantitating related substances and degradation products of pramlintide.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide is a 37-amino acid peptide that is being evaluated as a drug candidate for treating people with type 1 and insulin-using type 2 diabetes. Two high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods were developed for quantitating related substance impurities in pramlintide drug substance as well as degradation products of pramlintide formulated for parenteral administration. The methods ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1208/pt010106","pubmedId":"14727855","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1208/pt010106","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:25.540Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"09b08ed5-c1ad-4c52-8295-ed9907e05782","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide injection drug product robustness studies.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14727841/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide injection drug product robustness studies.\" Abstract excerpt: The article examines the effects of temperature excursions and actual dose withdrawal on the quality of pramlintide injection, a multidose liquid parenteral formulation. Studies were designed to demonstrate product robustness under conditions that may occur during patient use. Pramlintide %Purity was determined by two high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods, a reversed-phase (RP-HPLC","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1208/pt010208","pubmedId":"14727841","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=104, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1208/pt010208","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:21.308Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"16922698-8731-4038-b51e-159a95f1ce00","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide, an amylin analog, selectively delays gastric emptying: potential role of vagal inhibition.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10859225/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide, an amylin analog, selectively delays gastric emptying: potential role of vagal inhibition.\" Abstract excerpt: The amylin analog pramlintide delays gastric emptying in type I diabetics. The effects of multiple doses of pramlintide and the mechanism of action in non-amylin-deficient humans are unknown. We investigated the effects of pramlintide on gastrointestinal and colonic transit and on the plasma pancreatic polypeptide response to the meal in a parallel-group dose-response study with subjects randomize","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1152/ajpgi.2000.278.6.g946","pubmedId":"10859225","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=18, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1152/ajpgi.2000.278.6.g946","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:20.070Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"039851b6-b5a8-4fa4-9736-000df7297143","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Effects of the amylin analogue pramlintide on hepatic glucagon responses and intermediary metabolism in Type 1 diabetic subjects.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10547215/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Effects of the amylin analogue pramlintide on hepatic glucagon responses and intermediary metabolism in Type 1 diabetic subjects.\" Abstract excerpt: Hepatic glycogen stores have been shown to be depleted, and glucagon stimulated hepatic glucose production reduced, in Type 1 diabetic subjects. Co-administration of amylin and insulin has been shown to replete hepatic glycogen stores in diabetic animal models. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of amylin replacement on hepatic glucagon responsiveness in humans. Thirteen Ty","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1999,"doi":"10.1046/j.1464-5491.1999.00162.x","pubmedId":"10547215","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.1999.00162.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:22.124Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"fb219a61-aafe-46bb-b71d-5e136f55da5a","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Isolation and identification of cyclic imide and deamidation products in heat stressed pramlintide injection drug product.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10701984/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Isolation and identification of cyclic imide and deamidation products in heat stressed pramlintide injection drug product.\" Abstract excerpt: This report summarizes the identification of six cyclic imide [Asu] and two deamidation products from a sample of pramlintide final drug product that had been stressed at 40 degrees C for 45 days. The pramlintide degradation products were isolated by cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) followed by reversed-phase HPLC. The isolated components were characterized by mass spe","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1999,"doi":"10.1016/s0731-7085(99)00075-8","pubmedId":"10701984","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0731-7085(99)00075-8","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:25.463Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"6e221916-69b9-4a6a-9337-a04c3eded64d","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide. AC 137, ACO 137, Normylin, Symlin, Tripro-amylin.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10820656/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide. AC 137, ACO 137, Normylin, Symlin, Tripro-amylin.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1999,"doi":"10.2165/00126839-199902020-00010","pubmedId":"10820656","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2165/00126839-199902020-00010","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:19.692Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"2622539d-cdc8-4a10-a41e-030109f7282f","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"The amylin analog pramlintide improves glycemic control and reduces postprandial glucagon concentrations in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10421239/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"The amylin analog pramlintide improves glycemic control and reduces postprandial glucagon concentrations in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.\" Abstract excerpt: To explore further the effects of the human amylin analog pramlintide on overall glycemic control and postprandial responses of circulating glucose, glucagon, and metabolic intermediates in type 1 diabetes mellitus, 14 male type 1 diabetic patients were examined in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Pramlintide (30 microg four times daily) or placebo were administered for 4 weeks","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1999,"doi":"10.1016/s0026-0495(99)90232-9","pubmedId":"10421239","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=58, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0026-0495(99)90232-9","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:24.339Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"c744c96e-96a4-4817-9c27-72777244bea0","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"The effect of pramlintide (amylin analogue) treatment on bone metabolism and bone density in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10494873/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"The effect of pramlintide (amylin analogue) treatment on bone metabolism and bone density in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.\" Abstract excerpt: Amylin is a 37-amino-acid peptide related to CGRP and calcitonin. It is co-secreted with insulin from pancreatic beta-cells. Amylin is deficient with type 1 diabetes mellitus. To study the in vivo effects of amylin in humans, diabetic patients are an adequate model of chronic amylin deficiency. We investigated the effect of a 12 months pramlintide therapy (amylin analogue) on bone metabolism in pa","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1999,"doi":"10.1055/s-2007-978777","pubmedId":"10494873","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=338, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1055/s-2007-978777","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:24.121Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"dff207ef-b4e4-4065-a923-86b7380c4065","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"USAN Council. List No. 419. New names. Pramlintide acetate.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10576958/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"USAN Council. List No. 419. New names. Pramlintide acetate.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1999,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"10576958","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:10576958","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:22.656Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"26509a4b-99db-43a2-a26e-66d42883e06c","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Isolation and identification of peptide degradation products of heat stressed pramlintide injection drug product.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9587964/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Isolation and identification of peptide degradation products of heat stressed pramlintide injection drug product.\" Abstract excerpt: This report summarizes the identification of nine deamidation and four hydrolysis products from a sample of pramlintide injection final drug product that was subjected to stress at 40 degrees C for 45 days. The pramlintide degradation products were isolated by strong cation exchange HPLC followed by reversed-phase HPLC. Subsequent to isolation, the molecular weight of each component was determined","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1998,"doi":"10.1023/a:1011934829263","pubmedId":"9587964","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1023/a:1011934829263","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:25.084Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"f8a797e8-86bb-4d38-a0eb-4d70f74fade5","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Nephrectomy decreases amylin and pramlintide clearance in rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9761382/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Nephrectomy decreases amylin and pramlintide clearance in rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Amylin is a 37 amino acid hormone, co-secreted with insulin from the pancreatic beta-cell in response to nutrient stimuli. Because the human amylin analog, pramlintide, is being tested in patients with diabetes mellitus, a known risk factor for nephropathy, we examined the role of the kidney on amylin and pramlintide metabolism and action in functionally nephrectomized rats. Nephrectomy markedly a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1998,"doi":"10.1055/s-2007-978923","pubmedId":"9761382","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1055/s-2007-978923","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:22.351Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"d03243ce-fb5c-4f37-91e3-d4f20f449c99","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide, a synthetic analog of human amylin, improves the metabolic profile of patients with type 2 diabetes using insulin. The Pramlintide in Type 2 Diabetes Group.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9614619/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide, a synthetic analog of human amylin, improves the metabolic profile of patients with type 2 diabetes using insulin. The Pramlintide in Type 2 Diabetes Group.\" Abstract excerpt: To examine the effects of 4 weeks of subcutaneous administration of pramlintide, a synthetic analog of human amylin, on metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes using insulin. Serum fructosamine, HbA1c, and fasting plasma lipids were measured in 203 patients in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel-group multicenter trial using doses of 30 micrograms q.i.d., 60 micrograms","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1998,"doi":"10.2337/diacare.21.6.987","pubmedId":"9614619","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=68, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/diacare.21.6.987","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:20.189Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"f9188f9d-91a5-4850-a6ae-094b59031d52","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"The effect of single doses of pramlintide on gastric emptying of two meals in men with IDDM.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9628276/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"The effect of single doses of pramlintide on gastric emptying of two meals in men with IDDM.\" Abstract excerpt: In a previous study we have shown that an intravenous infusion of pramlintide (an analogue of human amylin) delayed gastric emptying, but the dose of pramlintide was supraphysiological in relation to the amylin response to food in non-diabetic subjects. The purpose of this study was to examine the dose response relationship of subcutaneous injections of pramlintide on gastric emptying and to deter","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1998,"doi":"10.1007/s001250050949","pubmedId":"9628276","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s001250050949","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:22.048Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"4f07780f-c4d6-42a4-97c9-6086e2c1c00e","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"[Effects of pramlintide, an analog of amylin, on the regulation of glycemia].","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9773629/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"[Effects of pramlintide, an analog of amylin, on the regulation of glycemia].\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1998,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"9773629","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:9773629","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:20.071Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"8fa2adb3-826e-4e80-8186-3d79abcb17f2","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Amylin and glycaemic regulation: a possible role for the human amylin analogue pramlintide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9212328/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Amylin and glycaemic regulation: a possible role for the human amylin analogue pramlintide.\" Abstract excerpt: Clinical studies with the human amylin analogue, pramlintide, suggest that it may help to improve glycaemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus using insulin. This has been demonstrated by reductions in postprandial glycaemic excursion, 24-h glucose profile and serum fructosamine concentrations following administration of pramlintide for periods of up to 28 days in patients with Type 1 diab","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.1002/(sici)1096-9136(199706)14:2+<s35::aid-dia402>3.3.co;2-#","pubmedId":"9212328","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9136(199706)14:2+<s35::aid-dia402>3.3.co;2-#","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:25.235Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"ec725093-9caf-4f89-b390-f59c16780361","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Amylin's pramlintide best of bad bunch of diabetes drugs.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9335036/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Amylin's pramlintide best of bad bunch of diabetes drugs.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.1038/nbt1097-935","pubmedId":"9335036","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/nbt1097-935","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:19.920Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"462be0bd-6d21-48f7-9db6-3b9eb05c19ee","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Effects of 4 weeks' administration of pramlintide, a human amylin analogue, on glycaemia control in patients with IDDM: effects on plasma glucose profiles and serum fructosamine concentrations.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9389419/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Effects of 4 weeks' administration of pramlintide, a human amylin analogue, on glycaemia control in patients with IDDM: effects on plasma glucose profiles and serum fructosamine concentrations.\" Abstract excerpt: The effects of 4 weeks' administration of pramlintide, an analogue of the human hormone amylin, on blood glucose control in 215 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were examined in a 4-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. Pramlintide was administered subcutaneously prior to meals in four dosing regimens: 30 microg four times per day (breakfast, lu","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.1007/s001250050821","pubmedId":"9389419","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s001250050821","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:22.428Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"4fdb68c6-2f21-430a-8bd1-3d65a301d9b0","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Effects of Amylin and the Amylin Agonist Pramlintide on Glucose Metabolism","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9136(199706)14:2+<s19::aid-dia400>3.0.co;2-4","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Effects of Amylin and the Amylin Agonist Pramlintide on Glucose Metabolism\" Abstract excerpt: Since the discovery of the pancreatic islet hormone amylin in 1987, its metabolic effects have been investigated in a number of studies in animals and humans. Data from some early animal studies suggested that amylin might be associated with the development of insulin resistance, but other studies found that amylin had no effect on insulin sensitivity. More recently, studies performed using the hu","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.1002/(sici)1096-9136(199706)14:2+<s19::aid-dia400>3.0.co;2-4","pubmedId":"9212325","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9136(199706)14:2+<s19::aid-dia400>3.0.co;2-4","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:23.036Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"dab89e82-b61d-4f71-bd27-041868792c4c","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Effects of pramlintide, an analog of human amylin, on plasma glucose profiles in patients with IDDM: results of a multicenter trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9075803/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Effects of pramlintide, an analog of human amylin, on plasma glucose profiles in patients with IDDM: results of a multicenter trial.\" Abstract excerpt: The effects of subcutaneous administration of 10, 30, or 100 microg q.i.d. pramlintide, an analog of human amylin, on plasma glucose regulation in patients with IDDM were evaluated in a multicenter trial. The plasma glucose response to a Sustacal test meal was significantly reduced compared with placebo both after 1 week and after 2 weeks of administration of 30 or 100 microg pramlintide. In addit","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.2337/diab.46.4.632","pubmedId":"9075803","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=75, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/diab.46.4.632","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:23.209Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"947ba3aa-d8aa-48c2-9f3b-2d26ed13ec96","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Infusion of pramlintide, a human amylin analogue, delays gastric emptying in men with IDDM.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9028722/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Infusion of pramlintide, a human amylin analogue, delays gastric emptying in men with IDDM.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide, a human amylin analogue, reduces hyperglycaemia after meals in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). We investigated whether this was due to delayed gastric emptying. Eight men with uncomplicated IDDM were studied twice in a randomised, double-blind crossover design. Euglycaemia was maintained overnight by intravenous infusion of glucose and/or insulin and the foll","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.1007/s001250050646","pubmedId":"9028722","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s001250050646","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:23.587Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"0537c498-8d33-492f-8401-7ce79e69e1d0","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide: a human amylin analogue reduced postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9223392/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide: a human amylin analogue reduced postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: In order to determine the influence of a 5 h infusion of pramlintide compared to placebo on postprandial glucose, lactate, insulin, and C-peptide concentrations in patients with Type 2 diabetes, a single-blind, randomized, cross-over study was conducted in 24 patients; 12 treated with exogenous insulin and 12 managed with diet and/or oral hypoglycaemic agents. One hour after initiation of infusion","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.1002/(sici)1096-9136(199707)14:7<547::aid-dia390>3.0.co;2-u","pubmedId":"9223392","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=57, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9136(199707)14:7<547::aid-dia390>3.0.co;2-u","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:20.260Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"cda28722-adae-4053-9cdf-6af5a9183df3","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"USAN Council. List No.392. New names. Pramlintide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9147903/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"USAN Council. List No.392. New names. Pramlintide.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.1016/s0009-9236(97)90208-3","pubmedId":"9147903","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0009-9236(97)90208-3","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:22.504Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"c67aa395-c1a6-495e-9bf6-209d561f9091","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Effect of 14 days' subcutaneous administration of the human amylin analogue, pramlintide (AC137), on an intravenous insulin challenge and response to a standard liquid meal in patients with IDDM.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8778001/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Effect of 14 days' subcutaneous administration of the human amylin analogue, pramlintide (AC137), on an intravenous insulin challenge and response to a standard liquid meal in patients with IDDM.\" Abstract excerpt: Individuals with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM or type 1 diabetes) are deficient in both insulin and amylin, peptides secreted by the beta cell. We have investigated the effects of amylin replacement therapy employing the human amylin analogue, pramlintide (25, 28, 29-pro-human amylin, previously referred to as AC137), upon the responses to a standardized insulin infusion (40 mU. kg-1.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1996,"doi":"10.1007/bf00400683","pubmedId":"8778001","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/bf00400683","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:25.008Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"}],"regulatory":[{"id":"9462f73a-f08f-4d6a-bfca-e8d7bfef02ff","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","jurisdiction":"European Union — EMA","status":"not_approved","approvedIndication":null,"rationale":"No centrally authorized EMA medicine containing pramlintide was identified in the EMA medicines database as of 2026-09-23. Pramlintide (SYMLIN) is FDA-approved in the United States only. Absence of a record in this search is not proof that no authorization exists via another regulatory pathway (e.g. national member-state authorization outside the centralized procedure). Status remains jurisdiction-, product-, and date-specific.","sourceTitle":"European Medicines Agency medicines database","sourceUrl":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines","dateChecked":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewDueAt":"2026-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","enteredById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","publicationStatus":"published","factualObservationId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:42:18.166Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.429Z"},{"id":"1b174f1d-2079-4f36-8646-b63185b66adb","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","jurisdiction":"United States — FDA","status":"approved","approvedIndication":"SYMLIN (pramlintide) is indicated as an adjunctive treatment in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who use mealtime insulin therapy and who have failed to achieve desired glucose control despite optimal insulin therapy. Labeled pediatric use: safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.","rationale":"FDA labeling documents approved SYMLIN (pramlintide acetate) for its labeled use. This older label is an approval source, not a claim that its text is the current prescribing version.","sourceTitle":"FDA SYMLIN (pramlintide acetate) prescribing information","sourceUrl":"https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/021332s025lbl.pdf","dateChecked":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewDueAt":null,"enteredById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","publicationStatus":"published","factualObservationId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:14:37.545Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.429Z"}],"claims":[],"correctionHistory":[],"boundaries":{"observationsAreEvidence":false,"completionIsPublicationApproval":false,"medicalAdvice":false}}