{"schemaVersion":"wpf-profile-export-v1","exportedAt":"2026-09-24T04:04:50.066Z","profile":{"slug":"afamelanotide","name":"Afamelanotide","aliases":[],"category":"Melanocortin peptide analog"},"synthesis":{"mechanism":"Afamelanotide is a melanocortin peptide analog. The research record considers pigmentation biology and clinical outcomes in erythropoietic protoporphyria, alongside distinct exploratory questions such as UV responses and vitiligo. These settings should be kept separate.","evidence":"WPF’s existing research atlas lists work on light tolerance and quality of life in erythropoietic protoporphyria, including observational reports, alongside an exploratory study of UV responses in healthy volunteers and reviews of other skin conditions. Study titles and machine-proposed rankings are discovery aids; they are not a claim that every listed use has demonstrated benefit.","safety":"The current Directory entry does not yet have published source-linked citations or jurisdiction-specific regulatory records. Observational results, case reports, and exploratory studies cannot substitute for controlled evidence, and a finding in one condition or age group must not be generalized to another.","observationalBoundary":"WPF's separate observational archive may include contributor reports concerning afamelanotide, including its use in erythropoietic protoporphyria and unrelated pigmentation contexts such as vitiligo. As with every entry in that archive, these de-identified reports can suggest questions but cannot establish causation, efficacy, comparative safety, or event frequency, and reports about these different use contexts should not be conflated.","openQuestions":"Which patient-relevant outcomes are supported by controlled trials in erythropoietic protoporphyria? How durable are benefits and what safety data apply over time? What, if anything, do distinct exploratory studies establish for other conditions?"},"completion":{"version":"wpf-profile-v1.1","verifiedSourceCount":33,"evidenceDepth":"depth_target_met","complete":false,"checks":[{"key":"overview","passed":true,"actual":270,"required":100,"severity":"blocking"},{"key":"evidence_summary","passed":true,"actual":385,"required":100,"severity":"blocking"},{"key":"safety_summary","passed":true,"actual":308,"required":100,"severity":"blocking"},{"key":"archive_boundary","passed":true,"actual":440,"required":75,"severity":"blocking"},{"key":"open_questions","passed":true,"actual":246,"required":75,"severity":"blocking"},{"key":"verified_sources","passed":true,"actual":33,"required":1,"severity":"blocking"},{"key":"evidence_depth_target","passed":true,"actual":33,"required":25,"severity":"warning"},{"key":"reviewed_sources","passed":false,"actual":0,"required":1,"severity":"blocking"},{"key":"chemistry","passed":true,"actual":true,"required":true,"severity":"blocking"},{"key":"regulatory_context","passed":true,"actual":2,"required":2,"severity":"blocking"},{"key":"claims","passed":false,"actual":0,"required":1,"severity":"blocking"},{"key":"claim_traceability","passed":true,"actual":0,"required":0,"severity":"blocking"},{"key":"regulatory_freshness","passed":true,"actual":0,"required":0,"severity":"warning"}],"failures":["reviewed_sources","claims"]},"chemistry":{"id":"cc16fe83-82fb-4569-89da-7f01ce21548f","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","molecularFormula":"C78H111N21O19","molecularWeight":1646.8,"aminoAcidSequence":null,"smiles":"CCCCC(C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(CC1=CN=CN1)C(=O)NC(CC2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)NC(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)NC(CC3=CNC4=CC=CC=C43)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)N5CCCC5C(=O)NC(C(C)C)C(=O)N)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(CC6=CC=C(C=C6)O)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C","inchi":"InChI=1S/C78H111N21O19/c1-5-6-19-52(91-75(116)61(41-101)97-72(113)57(34-46-24-26-49(103)27-25-46)94-74(115)60(40-100)88-44(4)102)68(109)92-54(28-29-64(105)106)70(111)96-59(36-48-38-83-42-87-48)73(114)93-56(33-45-16-8-7-9-17-45)71(112)90-53(22-14-31-84-78(81)82)69(110)95-58(35-47-37-85-51-20-11-10-18-50(47)51)67(108)86-39-63(104)89-55(21-12-13-30-79)77(118)99-32-15-23-62(99)76(117)98-65(43(2)3)66(80)107/h7-11,16-18,20,24-27,37-38,42-43,52-62,65,85,100-101,103H,5-6,12-15,19,21-23,28-36,39-41,79H2,1-4H3,(H2,80,107)(H,83,87)(H,86,108)(H,88,102)(H,89,104)(H,90,112)(H,91,116)(H,92,109)(H,93,114)(H,94,115)(H,95,110)(H,96,111)(H,97,113)(H,98,117)(H,105,106)(H4,81,82,84)/t52-,53-,54-,55-,56+,57-,58-,59-,60-,61-,62-,65-/m0/s1","inchikey":"UAHFGYDRQSXQEB-LEBBXHLNSA-N","structureImageUrl":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/16197727/PNG","createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:36:53.489Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T02:36:53.489Z"},"evidence":[{"id":"01ee69c2-2324-45d5-baa1-66be8fa351dc","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Acute impact of afamelanotide on UVR erythemal and melanogenic responses in healthy humans in vivo: an exploratory study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42678656/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Exploratory human study of acute UV response; not evidence of benefit across other conditions.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s43630-026-00986-x","pubmedId":"42678656","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Upgraded from an entered/unverified draft to a content-verified citation. Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"Afamelanotide has been studied for acute UV responses in healthy humans.","supportNature":"Direct exploratory study in healthy volunteers; no general clinical efficacy inference.","qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s43630-026-00986-x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:08:21.496Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"fdb7daee-7433-45bd-b1bb-e936bd181b4e","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Afamelanotide improves quality of life and light tolerance in Austrian erythropoietic protoporphyria patients.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41793078/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Afamelanotide improves quality of life and light tolerance in Austrian erythropoietic protoporphyria patients.\" Abstract excerpt: Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by severe phototoxic reactions that occur within minutes of light exposure. In clinical studies, afamelanotide has been shown to prolong pain-free sun exposure, improve quality of life, and reduce the frequency and severity of phototoxic reactions. To present the real-world data of the Austrian EPP cohort treated with afa","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/ddg.15996","pubmedId":"41793078","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=174, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/ddg.15996","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:44.353Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"a9cb8990-f0c7-4b99-a346-67324410bf90","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Investigation of the stability profile of therapeutic α-MSH analogue: Insights from liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry analysis of afamelanotide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41547183/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Investigation of the stability profile of therapeutic α-MSH analogue: Insights from liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry analysis of afamelanotide.\" Abstract excerpt: Afamelanotide, also known as melanotan-1, is a synthetic 13-amino acid peptidomimetic of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), and is a critical peptide orphan drug used for the management of erythropoietic protoporphyria. It contains norleucine and D-phenylalanine at positions 4 and 7, in place of methionine and L-phenylalanine, respectively as found in endogenous peptide. Therape","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117362","pubmedId":"41547183","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117362","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:45.774Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"b6953736-5604-4471-b85d-5b474e2110a9","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"German Cohort Observational Study to Investigate the Short- and Long-Term Safety and Clinical Effectiveness of Afamelanotide 16 mg (SCENESSE) in Patients With Erythropoietic Protoporphyria (EPP).","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40082741/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"German Cohort Observational Study to Investigate the Short- and Long-Term Safety and Clinical Effectiveness of Afamelanotide 16 mg (SCENESSE) in Patients With Erythropoietic Protoporphyria (EPP).\" Abstract excerpt: Afamelanotide 16 mg (SCENESSE) is the first approved treatment for erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). EPP is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder of the haem biosynthesis pathway, where patients experience severe and debilitating acute phototoxicity. It affects at least one in 140,000 of the European population. A postauthorisation safety study (PASS) and a disease registry were imposed","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/phpp.13012","pubmedId":"40082741","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/phpp.13012","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:45.630Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"469d3c6b-f8de-4a1d-b813-5935878356a6","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Afamelanotide for Treatment of the Protoporphyrias: Impact on Quality of Life and Laboratory Parameters in a US Cohort.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38929673/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Afamelanotide for Treatment of the Protoporphyrias: Impact on Quality of Life and Laboratory Parameters in a US Cohort.\" Abstract excerpt: Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) and X-linked protoporphyria (XLP) are rare disorders of heme biosynthesis characterized by severe cutaneous phototoxicity. Afamelanotide, an α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analogue, is the only approved treatment for protoporphyria and leads to increased light tolerance and improved quality of life (QoL). However, published experience with afamelanotide ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.3390/life14060689","pubmedId":"38929673","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=159, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/life14060689","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:44.429Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"53387208-1dba-4f8d-84ae-9deea1572747","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Afamelanotide in protoporphyria and other skin diseases: a review.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38784937/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Afamelanotide in protoporphyria and other skin diseases: a review.\" Abstract excerpt: Afamelanotide is a synthetic alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone presenting a higher activity than natural hormones. Its main properties are related to the enhanced production of eumelanin by agonistically binding to the melanocortin-1 receptor. Since 2016 afamelanotide has been especially applied to treat cases of erythropoietic porphyria (EPP), where painful photosensitivity has been observed s","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.5114/ada.2024.138818","pubmedId":"38784937","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.5114/ada.2024.138818","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:44.662Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"0c29f64f-2726-4a5c-a52a-05c07ed8c2fb","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Erythropoietic protoporphyria and afamelanotide: a patient's perspective.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37831089/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Erythropoietic protoporphyria and afamelanotide: a patient's perspective.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1093/ced/llad346","pubmedId":"37831089","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"afamelanotide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/ced/llad346","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:18.578Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"f486c0a6-8ac9-4942-b9d3-27f22e626939","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"The effects of cholecalciferol and afamelanotide on vitamin D levels in erythropoietic protoporphyria: a multicentre cohort study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38634774/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"The effects of cholecalciferol and afamelanotide on vitamin D levels in erythropoietic protoporphyria: a multicentre cohort study.\" Abstract excerpt: Patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria experience lifelong painful photosensitivity resulting in a lack of sunlight exposure. Previous studies have shown that 47-63% of patients with EPP suffer from vitamin D deficiency and a high prevalence of osteoporosis. An effective treatment for EPP has been available since 2016: the α-melanocyte stimulating hormone analogue afamelanotide. So far,","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljae148","pubmedId":"38634774","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=378, totalMentions=16). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/bjd/ljae148","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:45.100Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"a924837d-4885-4b14-9aeb-5de53a9dd5f5","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Vitamin D status in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria taking the systemic photoprotective agent afamelanotide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38736212/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Vitamin D status in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria taking the systemic photoprotective agent afamelanotide.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljae191","pubmedId":"38736212","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"afamelanotide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/bjd/ljae191","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:18.879Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"14a14edd-3bfb-4e64-9514-c7e96e85ceb3","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"A feasibility and safety study of afamelanotide in acute stroke patients - an open label, proof of concept, phase iia clinical trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37496004/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"A feasibility and safety study of afamelanotide in acute stroke patients - an open label, proof of concept, phase iia clinical trial.\" Abstract excerpt: Neuroprotective agents have the potential to improve the outcomes of revascularisation therapies in acute ischemic stroke patients (AIS) and in those unable to receive revascularisation. Afamelanotide, a synthetic α-melanocyte stimulating hormone analogue, is a potential novel neuroprotective agent. We set out to assess the feasibility and safety of afamelanotide for the first time in AIS pa","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1186/s12883-023-03338-9","pubmedId":"37496004","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=187, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1186/s12883-023-03338-9","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:45.027Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"1adcfed1-88ec-4ec1-81d3-f9ab89b5844b","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Association of quality of life measures with afamelanotide treatment in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria and x-linked protoporphyria: A retrospective cohort study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36244556/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Association of quality of life measures with afamelanotide treatment in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria and x-linked protoporphyria: A retrospective cohort study.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.jaad.2022.10.012","pubmedId":"36244556","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"afamelanotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2022.10.012","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:18.728Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"f9353e5a-81f0-4c3a-b87f-6f63c7547cad","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Erythropoietic protoporphyria in the Netherlands: Clinical features, psychosocial impact and the effect of afamelanotide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36579412/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Erythropoietic protoporphyria in the Netherlands: Clinical features, psychosocial impact and the effect of afamelanotide.\" Abstract excerpt: Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) patients experience severe burning pain after light exposure, which results in a markedly reduced quality of life. However, there is limited information on the psychosocial aspects of EPP. To investigate the clinical features and social aspects of living with EPP, before and during afamelanotide treatment in the Netherlands. A single-center prospective longitudi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1111/1346-8138.16690","pubmedId":"36579412","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=319, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/1346-8138.16690","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:45.476Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"f718d84f-0bc9-4bb8-a295-146c3f7a24a8","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Into the Light: Afamelanotide and the Treatment of Erythropoietic Protoporphyria in the United States.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37683058/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Into the Light: Afamelanotide and the Treatment of Erythropoietic Protoporphyria in the United States.\" Abstract excerpt: Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is a rare disease that causes disabling cutaneous photosensitivity with pain and burning sensations. In 2019, afamelanotide, an α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analogue, was approved in the United States for treatment of EPP. In this study, patients receiving afamelanotide filled out questionnaires assessing the benefit of treatment. Outcomes measured inc","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.36849/jdd.7126","pubmedId":"37683058","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=146, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.36849/jdd.7126","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:44.879Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"8ec28631-6e8f-4513-b385-b78fb8117fa0","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Afamelanotide for prevention of phototoxicity in erythropoietic protoporphyria.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33507118/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Afamelanotide for prevention of phototoxicity in erythropoietic protoporphyria.\" Abstract excerpt: Introduction : In erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP), an inherited disorder of heme biosynthesis, accumulation of protoporphyrin IX results in acute phototoxicity. EPP patients experience severe burning pain after light exposure, which results in a markedly reduced quality of life. Afamelanotide is the first effective approved medical treatment for EPP, acting on melanocortin-1 receptors. This ar","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1080/17512433.2021.1879638","pubmedId":"33507118","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=284, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/17512433.2021.1879638","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:43.714Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"c32b8c81-c027-48b0-9113-e9f737f72c4a","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Afamelanotide: An Orphan Drug with Potential for Broad Dermatologic Applications.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33683075/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Afamelanotide: An Orphan Drug with Potential for Broad Dermatologic Applications.\" Abstract excerpt: Afamelanotide (SCENESSE®) is a synthetic analogue of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone that is FDA-approved to increase pain-free sunlight exposure in adult patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria. Its dual photoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects also make it a promising therapy for other photosensitive dermatologic diseases that are resistant to treatment. The PubMed/MEDLINE an","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.36849/jdd.5526","pubmedId":"33683075","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.36849/jdd.5526","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:43.972Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"8efad1e1-9f5a-4cea-aa76-f85d5da4b71a","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Clinical and dermoscopic changes of acquired melanocytic nevi of patients treated with afamelanotide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33721252/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Clinical and dermoscopic changes of acquired melanocytic nevi of patients treated with afamelanotide.\" Abstract excerpt: Afamelanotide (AFA) is a synthetic analogue of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone that is approved for the treatment of patients affected by erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). AFA induces a \"sun free\" tanning and changes of acquired melanocytic nevi (AMN) that are generically described as \"darkening\". To assess clinical and dermoscopic AMN changes during AFA treatment. Adult EPP patients tre","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1007/s43630-021-00020-2","pubmedId":"33721252","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"afamelanotide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s43630-021-00020-2","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:18.803Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"17498b43-9fa7-4021-a34e-fc321dd64353","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Afamelanotide implants and narrow-band ultraviolet B phototherapy for the treatment of nonsegmental vitiligo in Asians.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31987791/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Afamelanotide implants and narrow-band ultraviolet B phototherapy for the treatment of nonsegmental vitiligo in Asians.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.jaad.2020.01.035","pubmedId":"31987791","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"afamelanotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2020.01.035","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:18.346Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"0a9e3832-9c72-4d4a-81e5-bb9259763963","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Association of Afamelanotide With Improved Outcomes in Patients With Erythropoietic Protoporphyria in Clinical Practice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32186677/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Association of Afamelanotide With Improved Outcomes in Patients With Erythropoietic Protoporphyria in Clinical Practice.\" Abstract excerpt: The effectiveness of afamelanotide treatment in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) in clinical practice who experience pain after light exposure that substantially impairs quality of life is unknown. To evaluate the association of afamelanotide treatment with outcomes in patients with EPP in regular practice during longer-term follow-up. This single-center, prospective postauthoriza","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.0352","pubmedId":"32186677","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=21, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.0352","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:44.735Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"0de284eb-87cb-4a1c-8277-d60fb12251a7","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Increased phototoxic burn tolerance time and quality of life in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria treated with afamelanotide - a three years observational study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32811524/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Increased phototoxic burn tolerance time and quality of life in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria treated with afamelanotide - a three years observational study.\" Abstract excerpt: Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is an ultra-rare genetic disorder (prevalence 1:150`000) characterized by instant painful phototoxic burn reactions in skin exposed to visible light. Afamelanotide is the first clinically tested therapy effectively increasing the time EPP patients can spend in direct sunlight without developing symptoms and reducing the number and severity of phototoxic reaction","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1186/s13023-020-01505-6","pubmedId":"32811524","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=186, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1186/s13023-020-01505-6","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:45.703Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"a396b964-a3af-412d-a9b1-219f43087f5d","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"[Medicaments and oral healthcare. Hyperpigmentation of oral soft tissues due to afamelanotide].","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32459219/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"[Medicaments and oral healthcare. Hyperpigmentation of oral soft tissues due to afamelanotide].\" Abstract excerpt: The medicament afamelanotide is an analogue of endogenous ?-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. It promotes cutaneous pigmentation, providing protection from sunlight. In dermatology, afamelanotide seems to establish therapeutic results for polymorphic light eruption, solar urticaria, erythropoietic protoporphyria, Hailey-Hailey disease, vitiligo and acne vulgaris. Afamelanotide is available for non-m","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.5177/ntvt.2020.04.19115","pubmedId":"32459219","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=15, totalMentions=13). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.5177/ntvt.2020.04.19115","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:45.327Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"238d6c63-77be-47bd-94e5-b873bd30c9cb","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Afamelanotide and its Clinical Use in Treating Dermatologic Disorders.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28063031/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Afamelanotide and its Clinical Use in Treating Dermatologic Disorders.\" Abstract excerpt: Afamelanotide, the first α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) analogue, synthesized in 1980, was broadly investigated in all aspects of pigmentation because its activity and stability were higher than the natural hormone. Afamelanotide binds to the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R), and MC1R signaling increases melanin synthesis, induces antioxidant activities, enhances DNA repair processes a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1007/s40262-016-0501-5","pubmedId":"28063031","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s40262-016-0501-5","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:45.170Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"5290648d-3df9-43d4-bc8e-2d9e8376fed9","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Afamelanotide: A Review in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26979527/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Afamelanotide: A Review in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria.\" Abstract excerpt: Afamelanotide (SCENESSE(®)) is a synthetic α-melanocyte stimulating hormone analogue and first-in-class melanocortin-1 receptor agonist that is approved in the EU for the prevention of phototoxicity in adults with erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). It is administered subcutaneously as a biodegradable, controlled-release implant containing 16 mg of afamelanotide. This article revi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1007/s40257-016-0184-6","pubmedId":"26979527","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s40257-016-0184-6","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:44.052Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"e4c0a44b-0997-4b89-b693-e29d470fdc49","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Afamelanotide (CUV1647) in dermal phototoxicity of erythropoietic protoporphyria.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25470471/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Afamelanotide (CUV1647) in dermal phototoxicity of erythropoietic protoporphyria.\" Abstract excerpt: The application of afamelanotide, an α-melanocyte stimulating hormone agonistic analogue to protoporphyria, a disease with absolute sunlight-intolerance is discussed. The clinics, genetics and existing therapies of protoporphyria are described. The physiological receptor-mediated intracellular signaling of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone and effects of receptor variants are outlined. ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1586/17512433.2014.956089","pubmedId":"25470471","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=19, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1586/17512433.2014.956089","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:44.276Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"6a363571-aa9a-46ab-8319-6a647f6021b3","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Afamelanotide and narrowband UV-B phototherapy for the treatment of vitiligo: a randomized multicenter trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25230094/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Afamelanotide and narrowband UV-B phototherapy for the treatment of vitiligo: a randomized multicenter trial.\" Abstract excerpt: Narrowband UV-B (NB-UV-B) phototherapy is used extensively to treat vitiligo. Afamelanotide, an analogue of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, is known to induce tanning of the skin. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy for generalized vitiligo consisting of afamelanotide implant and NB-UV-B phototherapy. This study was performed in 2 academic outpatient dermatology cent","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.1875","pubmedId":"25230094","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=78, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.1875","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:44.127Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"6de78979-634b-478b-8287-72548eef4947","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Afamelanotide for Erythropoietic Protoporphyria.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26132941/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Afamelanotide for Erythropoietic Protoporphyria.\" Abstract excerpt: Erythropoietic protoporphyria is a severe photodermatosis that is associated with acute phototoxicity. Patients with this condition have excruciating pain and a markedly reduced quality of life. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of an α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analogue, afamelanotide, to decrease pain and improve quality of life. We conducted two multicenter, randomized, double-bli","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa1411481","pubmedId":"26132941","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=287, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1056/nejmoa1411481","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:44.203Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"c00192a2-03d1-4cb9-ba1b-f95eea40347f","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Evaluation of the immunogenicity of the synthetic α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) analogue afamelanotide ([Nle4-D-Phe7]-α-MSH, Scenesse®) in erythropoietic protoporphyria patients by ELISA detecting both anti-afamelanotide and anti-α-MSH antibodies.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25402764/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Evaluation of the immunogenicity of the synthetic α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) analogue afamelanotide ([Nle4-D-Phe7]-α-MSH, Scenesse®) in erythropoietic protoporphyria patients by ELISA detecting both anti-afamelanotide and anti-α-MSH antibodies.\" Abstract excerpt: Afamelanotide is an α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) agonist with proven efficacy in photodermatoses such as erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). This peptide drug, repeatedly administered over prolonged time, may induce anti-drug antibodies (ADA). Here, we describe a new ELISA method developed to monitor the occurrence of ADA against afamelanotide as well as against α-MS","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1159/000362174","pubmedId":"25402764","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1159/000362174","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:45.401Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"82ad4d68-97d2-4134-8b08-6f09bd4d9f83","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Long-term observational study of afamelanotide in 115 patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25494545/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Long-term observational study of afamelanotide in 115 patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria.\" Abstract excerpt: In erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP), an inherited disease of porphyrin-biosynthesis, the accumulation of protoporphyrin in the skin causes severely painful phototoxic reactions. Symptom prevention was impossible until recently when afamelanotide became available. Afamelanotide-induced skin pigmentation has statistically significantly improved light-tolerance, although the clinical significance ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1111/bjd.13598","pubmedId":"25494545","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=235, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/bjd.13598","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:44.952Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"a2309060-013f-40ac-b391-a271db561cad","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"A bioassay for the detection of neutralizing antibodies against the α-melanocyte stimulating hormone analog afamelanotide in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23277150/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"A bioassay for the detection of neutralizing antibodies against the α-melanocyte stimulating hormone analog afamelanotide in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria.\" Abstract excerpt: The tridecapeptide afamelanotide (Scenesse®) is a congener of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH). Upon binding to the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) on the surface of pigment cells of the skin, the melanocytes, α-MSH or afamelanotide trigger the synthesis of cAMP, which stimulates the synthesis of melanin and therefore induces skin tanning. In a recent trial, afamelano","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2012.11.040","pubmedId":"23277150","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=19, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2012.11.040","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:45.551Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"e7952981-bc13-483e-a3ef-825ff7354564","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"A review and update on melanocyte stimulating hormone therapy: afamelanotide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23884489/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"A review and update on melanocyte stimulating hormone therapy: afamelanotide.\" Abstract excerpt: Afamelanotide ([Nle4-D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH) is an analog of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone given as a subcutaneous injection. Afamelanotide is currently undergoing phase II and III trials in Europe and the US for skin diseases including vitiligo, erythropoietic protoporphyria, polymorphic light eruption and prevention of actinic keratoses in organ transplant recipients. Unregulated analogs and c","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"23884489","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:23884489","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:45.254Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"a82a69a1-0812-4a28-aab9-606893dd4b0c","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"The efficacy of afamelanotide and narrowband UV-B phototherapy for repigmentation of vitiligo.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23407924/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"The efficacy of afamelanotide and narrowband UV-B phototherapy for repigmentation of vitiligo.\" Abstract excerpt: Vitiligo is characterized by depigmented patches of skin due to loss of cutaneous melanocytes. Many recent studies have demonstrated defects in the melanocortin system in patients with vitiligo, including decreased circulating and lesional skin levels of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). Afamelanotide is a potent and longer-lasting synthetic analogue of naturally occurring &#x3","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1001/2013.jamadermatol.386","pubmedId":"23407924","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=309, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1001/2013.jamadermatol.386","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:44.806Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"0d069907-a736-4b69-b836-721d5103ab4f","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Afamelanotide","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38598652/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Afamelanotide\" Abstract excerpt: Afamelanotide is a melanocortin-1 receptor agonist that stimulates melanin production in the skin and is used to decrease pain and itching from light exposure in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria and X-linked protoporphyria. Afamelanotide has not been linked to serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy nor to instances of idiosyncratic acute liver injury with symptoms and jaundice","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"38598652","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: reference/monograph-type record (PubMed book/reference-work entry) -- real and traceable, not primary research. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"other","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:38598652","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:44.582Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"88934d9a-2e84-45a0-961a-e1a29141c79d","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Pseudoleucoderma after injections of afamelanotide in a patient with atopic dermatitis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21597671/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Pseudoleucoderma after injections of afamelanotide in a patient with atopic dermatitis.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.2340/00015555-1062","pubmedId":"21597671","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"afamelanotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2340/00015555-1062","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:18.651Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"2b8259e4-c25f-4ca8-a89e-1e1b7f977d4d","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Afamelanotide, an agonistic analog of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, in dermal phototoxicity of erythropoietic protoporphyria.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21073357/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Afamelanotide, an agonistic analog of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, in dermal phototoxicity of erythropoietic protoporphyria.\" Abstract excerpt: Afamelanotide, an α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) agonistic analog is a first-in-class therapeutic. Its application to protoporphyria (PP), a disease associated with absolute sunlight-intolerance is discussed. The genetics and existing therapy of the inherited disease PP comprising both erythropoietic protoporphyria and X-linked dominant protoporphyria. The physiological and pharmacol","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1517/13543784.2010.535515","pubmedId":"21073357","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1517/13543784.2010.535515","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:44.506Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"}],"regulatory":[{"id":"2eaa6d6c-5a3c-490d-8bd8-a0ba610eb839","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","jurisdiction":"European Union — EMA","status":"approved","approvedIndication":"Scenesse (afamelanotide) is indicated for the prevention of phototoxicity in adult patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP).","rationale":"EMA medicine overview documents EU authorization for Scenesse (afamelanotide) for its defined indication; it does not extend to other pigmentation conditions.","sourceTitle":"European Medicines Agency: Scenesse (afamelanotide)","sourceUrl":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/scenesse","dateChecked":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewDueAt":null,"enteredById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","publicationStatus":"published","factualObservationId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:15:29.547Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.694Z"},{"id":"c8730324-23d5-417e-af3c-6aad11e3beea","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","jurisdiction":"United States — FDA","status":"approved","approvedIndication":"SCENESSE (afamelanotide) is indicated to increase pain-free light exposure in adult patients with a history of phototoxic reactions from erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP).","rationale":"FDA orphan-drug approval record for SCENESSE (afamelanotide), marketing approval 2019-10-08, for increased pain-free light exposure in adults with erythropoietic protoporphyria. This status concerns that labeled product and indication only. Source: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/opdlisting/oopd/detailedIndex.cfm?cfgridkey=263208","sourceTitle":"FDA Orphan Drug Designations and Approvals: afamelanotide / SCENESSE","sourceUrl":"https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/opdlisting/oopd/detailedIndex.cfm?cfgridkey=263208","dateChecked":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewDueAt":null,"enteredById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","publicationStatus":"published","factualObservationId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:09:56.180Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.694Z"}],"claims":[],"correctionHistory":[],"boundaries":{"observationsAreEvidence":false,"completionIsPublicationApproval":false,"medicalAdvice":false}}