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Intermittent subcutaneous exposure produces an osteoanabolic response by stimulating osteoblast activity and increasing bone formation. The molecule contains an α-aminoisobutyric-acid substitution and is distinct from endogenous PTHrP and from teriparatide. Regulatory authorization is product- and jurisdiction-specific: the FDA-approved TYMLOS label covers defined high-fracture-risk postmenopausal women and men, while the EMA-authorized ELADYNOS indication is for postmenopausal women at increased fracture risk.","evidenceQualitySummary":"The governed corpus includes the pivotal ACTIVE randomized phase 3 trial, histomorphometry and fracture analyses, the ACTIVExtend antiresorptive-sequencing study, trials in men and Japanese populations, a transdermal formulation trial, real-world comparative research, systematic reviews and network meta-analyses, and mechanistic or preclinical work. Source identities, titles, authorship, publication metadata, DOI/PMID links, peptide identity, and duplication were checked against PubMed. Evidence lanes and strength grades are provisional and preserve study-design boundaries; detailed claim-level risk-of-bias, applicability, and contradiction review remains part of accountable Owner review.","safetyConcernsSummary":"Most fracture-outcome evidence comes from selected trial populations, especially postmenopausal women, and may not generalize to every patient with osteoporosis. Some studies use bone-mineral density or bone-turnover markers rather than fracture endpoints; indirect comparisons cannot replace adequately powered head-to-head trials. Sponsorship, formulation differences, adherence, background calcium or vitamin D, subsequent antiresorptive therapy, renal function, baseline fracture risk, and jurisdictional labeling affect interpretation. Long-duration human data are limited; rare risks and postmarketing events cannot be fully characterized by preauthorization trials. Current product labeling—not this profile—controls contraindications, warnings, duration, and clinical use.","archiveSummaryNote":"Across the randomized evidence, daily subcutaneous abaloparatide increased bone-mineral-density measures and reduced new vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women compared with placebo; follow-on alendronate research indicates that antiresorptive treatment can help maintain gains after an anabolic course. Evidence in men supports increased bone density, but fracture-outcome evidence is less mature than in postmenopausal women. Comparative and network-meta-analytic findings help place abaloparatide among anabolic osteoporosis therapies but inherit heterogeneity and indirect-comparison limitations. 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Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/17512433.2021.1879638","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:43.714Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"c32b8c81-c027-48b0-9113-e9f737f72c4a","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Afamelanotide: An Orphan Drug with Potential for Broad Dermatologic Applications.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33683075/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Afamelanotide: An Orphan Drug with Potential for Broad Dermatologic Applications.\" Abstract excerpt: Afamelanotide (SCENESSE&reg;) is a synthetic analogue of &alpha;-melanocyte-stimulating hormone that is FDA-approved to increase pain-free sunlight exposure in adult patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria. Its dual photoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects also make it a promising therapy for other photosensitive dermatologic diseases that are resistant to treatment. The PubMed/MEDLINE an","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.36849/jdd.5526","pubmedId":"33683075","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.36849/jdd.5526","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:43.972Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"5290648d-3df9-43d4-bc8e-2d9e8376fed9","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Afamelanotide: A Review in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26979527/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Afamelanotide: A Review in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria.\" Abstract excerpt: Afamelanotide (SCENESSE(&#xae;)) is a synthetic &#x3b1;-melanocyte stimulating hormone analogue and first-in-class melanocortin-1 receptor agonist that is approved in the EU for the prevention of phototoxicity in adults with erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). It is administered subcutaneously as a biodegradable, controlled-release implant containing 16&#xa0;mg of afamelanotide. This article revi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1007/s40257-016-0184-6","pubmedId":"26979527","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s40257-016-0184-6","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:44.052Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"6a363571-aa9a-46ab-8319-6a647f6021b3","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Afamelanotide and narrowband UV-B phototherapy for the treatment of vitiligo: a randomized multicenter trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25230094/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Afamelanotide and narrowband UV-B phototherapy for the treatment of vitiligo: a randomized multicenter trial.\" Abstract excerpt: Narrowband UV-B (NB-UV-B) phototherapy is used extensively to treat vitiligo. Afamelanotide, an analogue of &#x3b1;-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, is known to induce tanning of the skin. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy for generalized vitiligo consisting of afamelanotide implant and NB-UV-B phototherapy. This study was performed in 2 academic outpatient dermatology cent","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.1875","pubmedId":"25230094","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=78, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.1875","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:44.127Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"a924837d-4885-4b14-9aeb-5de53a9dd5f5","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Vitamin D status in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria taking the systemic photoprotective agent afamelanotide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38736212/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Vitamin D status in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria taking the systemic photoprotective agent afamelanotide.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljae191","pubmedId":"38736212","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"afamelanotide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/bjd/ljae191","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:18.879Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"6de78979-634b-478b-8287-72548eef4947","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Afamelanotide for Erythropoietic Protoporphyria.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26132941/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Afamelanotide for Erythropoietic Protoporphyria.\" Abstract excerpt: Erythropoietic protoporphyria is a severe photodermatosis that is associated with acute phototoxicity. Patients with this condition have excruciating pain and a markedly reduced quality of life. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of an &#x3b1;-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analogue, afamelanotide, to decrease pain and improve quality of life. We conducted two multicenter, randomized, double-bli","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa1411481","pubmedId":"26132941","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=287, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1056/nejmoa1411481","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:44.203Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"e4c0a44b-0997-4b89-b693-e29d470fdc49","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Afamelanotide (CUV1647) in dermal phototoxicity of erythropoietic protoporphyria.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25470471/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Afamelanotide (CUV1647) in dermal phototoxicity of erythropoietic protoporphyria.\" Abstract excerpt: The application of afamelanotide, an &#x3b1;-melanocyte stimulating hormone agonistic analogue to protoporphyria, a disease with absolute sunlight-intolerance is discussed. The clinics, genetics and existing therapies of protoporphyria are described. The physiological receptor-mediated intracellular signaling of &#x3b1;-melanocyte stimulating hormone and effects of receptor variants are outlined. ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1586/17512433.2014.956089","pubmedId":"25470471","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=19, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1586/17512433.2014.956089","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:44.276Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"fdb7daee-7433-45bd-b1bb-e936bd181b4e","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Afamelanotide improves quality of life and light tolerance in Austrian erythropoietic protoporphyria patients.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41793078/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Afamelanotide improves quality of life and light tolerance in Austrian erythropoietic protoporphyria patients.\" Abstract excerpt: Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by severe phototoxic reactions that occur within minutes of light exposure. In clinical studies, afamelanotide has been shown to prolong pain-free sun exposure, improve quality of life, and reduce the frequency and severity of phototoxic reactions. To present the real-world data of the Austrian EPP cohort treated with afa","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/ddg.15996","pubmedId":"41793078","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=174, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/ddg.15996","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:44.353Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"469d3c6b-f8de-4a1d-b813-5935878356a6","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Afamelanotide for Treatment of the Protoporphyrias: Impact on Quality of Life and Laboratory Parameters in a US Cohort.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38929673/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Afamelanotide for Treatment of the Protoporphyrias: Impact on Quality of Life and Laboratory Parameters in a US Cohort.\" Abstract excerpt: Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) and X-linked protoporphyria (XLP) are rare disorders of heme biosynthesis characterized by severe cutaneous phototoxicity. Afamelanotide, an &#x3b1;-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analogue, is the only approved treatment for protoporphyria and leads to increased light tolerance and improved quality of life (QoL). However, published experience with afamelanotide ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.3390/life14060689","pubmedId":"38929673","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=159, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/life14060689","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:44.429Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"2b8259e4-c25f-4ca8-a89e-1e1b7f977d4d","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Afamelanotide, an agonistic analog of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, in dermal phototoxicity of erythropoietic protoporphyria.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21073357/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Afamelanotide, an agonistic analog of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, in dermal phototoxicity of erythropoietic protoporphyria.\" Abstract excerpt: Afamelanotide, an &#x3b1;-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) agonistic analog is a first-in-class therapeutic. Its application to protoporphyria (PP), a disease associated with absolute sunlight-intolerance is discussed. The genetics and existing therapy of the inherited disease PP comprising both erythropoietic protoporphyria and X-linked dominant protoporphyria. The physiological and pharmacol","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1517/13543784.2010.535515","pubmedId":"21073357","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1517/13543784.2010.535515","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:44.506Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"0d069907-a736-4b69-b836-721d5103ab4f","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Afamelanotide","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38598652/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Afamelanotide\" Abstract excerpt: Afamelanotide is a melanocortin-1 receptor agonist that stimulates melanin production in the skin and is used to decrease pain and itching from light exposure in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria and X-linked protoporphyria. Afamelanotide has not been linked to serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy nor to instances of idiosyncratic acute liver injury with symptoms and jaundice","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"38598652","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: reference/monograph-type record (PubMed book/reference-work entry) -- real and traceable, not primary research. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"other","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:38598652","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:44.582Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"53387208-1dba-4f8d-84ae-9deea1572747","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Afamelanotide in protoporphyria and other skin diseases: a review.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38784937/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Afamelanotide in protoporphyria and other skin diseases: a review.\" Abstract excerpt: Afamelanotide is a synthetic alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone presenting a higher activity than natural hormones. Its main properties are related to the enhanced production of eumelanin by agonistically binding to the melanocortin-1 receptor. Since 2016 afamelanotide has been especially applied to treat cases of erythropoietic porphyria (EPP), where painful photosensitivity has been observed s","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.5114/ada.2024.138818","pubmedId":"38784937","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.5114/ada.2024.138818","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:44.662Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"0a9e3832-9c72-4d4a-81e5-bb9259763963","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Association of Afamelanotide With Improved Outcomes in Patients With Erythropoietic Protoporphyria in Clinical Practice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32186677/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Association of Afamelanotide With Improved Outcomes in Patients With Erythropoietic Protoporphyria in Clinical Practice.\" Abstract excerpt: The effectiveness of afamelanotide treatment in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) in clinical practice who experience pain after light exposure that substantially impairs quality of life is unknown. To evaluate the association of afamelanotide treatment with outcomes in patients with EPP in regular practice during longer-term follow-up. This single-center, prospective postauthoriza","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.0352","pubmedId":"32186677","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=21, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.0352","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:44.735Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"a82a69a1-0812-4a28-aab9-606893dd4b0c","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"The efficacy of afamelanotide and narrowband UV-B phototherapy for repigmentation of vitiligo.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23407924/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"The efficacy of afamelanotide and narrowband UV-B phototherapy for repigmentation of vitiligo.\" Abstract excerpt: Vitiligo is characterized by depigmented patches of skin due to loss of cutaneous melanocytes. Many recent studies have demonstrated defects in the melanocortin system in patients with vitiligo, including decreased circulating and lesional skin levels of &#x3b1;-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (&#x3b1;-MSH). Afamelanotide is a potent and longer-lasting synthetic analogue of naturally occurring &#x3","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1001/2013.jamadermatol.386","pubmedId":"23407924","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=309, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1001/2013.jamadermatol.386","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:44.806Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"f718d84f-0bc9-4bb8-a295-146c3f7a24a8","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Into the Light: Afamelanotide and the Treatment of Erythropoietic Protoporphyria in the United States.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37683058/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Into the Light: Afamelanotide and the Treatment of Erythropoietic Protoporphyria in the United States.\" Abstract excerpt: Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is a rare disease that causes disabling cutaneous photosensitivity with pain and burning sensations. In 2019, afamelanotide, an &alpha;-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analogue, was approved in the United States for treatment of EPP. In this study, patients receiving afamelanotide filled out questionnaires assessing the benefit of treatment. Outcomes measured inc","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.36849/jdd.7126","pubmedId":"37683058","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=146, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.36849/jdd.7126","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:44.879Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"82ad4d68-97d2-4134-8b08-6f09bd4d9f83","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Long-term observational study of afamelanotide in 115 patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25494545/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Long-term observational study of afamelanotide in 115 patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria.\" Abstract excerpt: In erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP), an inherited disease of porphyrin-biosynthesis, the accumulation of protoporphyrin in the skin causes severely painful phototoxic reactions. Symptom prevention was impossible until recently when afamelanotide became available. Afamelanotide-induced skin pigmentation has statistically significantly improved light-tolerance, although the clinical significance ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1111/bjd.13598","pubmedId":"25494545","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=235, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/bjd.13598","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:44.952Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"14a14edd-3bfb-4e64-9514-c7e96e85ceb3","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"A feasibility and safety study of afamelanotide in acute stroke patients - an open label, proof of concept, phase iia clinical trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37496004/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"A feasibility and safety study of afamelanotide in acute stroke patients - an open label, proof of concept, phase iia clinical trial.\" Abstract excerpt: Neuroprotective agents have the potential to improve the outcomes of revascularisation therapies in acute ischemic stroke patients (AIS) and in those unable to receive revascularisation. Afamelanotide, a synthetic &#x3b1;-melanocyte stimulating hormone analogue, is a potential novel neuroprotective agent. We set out to assess the feasibility and safety of afamelanotide for the first time in AIS pa","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1186/s12883-023-03338-9","pubmedId":"37496004","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=187, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1186/s12883-023-03338-9","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:45.027Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"f486c0a6-8ac9-4942-b9d3-27f22e626939","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"The effects of cholecalciferol and afamelanotide on vitamin D levels in erythropoietic protoporphyria: a multicentre cohort study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38634774/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"The effects of cholecalciferol and afamelanotide on vitamin D levels in erythropoietic protoporphyria: a multicentre cohort study.\" Abstract excerpt: Patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria experience lifelong painful photosensitivity resulting in a lack of sunlight exposure. Previous studies have shown that 47-63% of patients with EPP suffer from vitamin D deficiency and a high prevalence of osteoporosis. An effective treatment for EPP has been available since 2016: the &#x3b1;-melanocyte stimulating hormone analogue afamelanotide. So far,","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljae148","pubmedId":"38634774","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=378, totalMentions=16). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/bjd/ljae148","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:45.100Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"238d6c63-77be-47bd-94e5-b873bd30c9cb","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Afamelanotide and its Clinical Use in Treating Dermatologic Disorders.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28063031/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Afamelanotide and its Clinical Use in Treating Dermatologic Disorders.\" Abstract excerpt: Afamelanotide, the first &#x3b1;-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) analogue, synthesized in 1980, was broadly investigated in all aspects of pigmentation because its activity and stability were higher than the natural hormone. Afamelanotide binds to the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R), and MC1R signaling increases melanin synthesis, induces antioxidant activities, enhances DNA repair processes a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1007/s40262-016-0501-5","pubmedId":"28063031","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s40262-016-0501-5","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:45.170Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"e7952981-bc13-483e-a3ef-825ff7354564","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"A review and update on melanocyte stimulating hormone therapy: afamelanotide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23884489/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"A review and update on melanocyte stimulating hormone therapy: afamelanotide.\" Abstract excerpt: Afamelanotide ([Nle4-D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH) is an analog of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone given as a subcutaneous injection. Afamelanotide is currently undergoing phase II and III trials in Europe and the US for skin diseases including vitiligo, erythropoietic protoporphyria, polymorphic light eruption and prevention of actinic keratoses in organ transplant recipients. Unregulated analogs and c","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"23884489","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:23884489","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:45.254Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"a396b964-a3af-412d-a9b1-219f43087f5d","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"[Medicaments and oral healthcare. Hyperpigmentation of oral soft tissues due to afamelanotide].","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32459219/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"[Medicaments and oral healthcare. Hyperpigmentation of oral soft tissues due to afamelanotide].\" Abstract excerpt: The medicament afamelanotide is an analogue of endogenous ?-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. It promotes cutaneous pigmentation, providing protection from sunlight. In dermatology, afamelanotide seems to establish therapeutic results for polymorphic light eruption, solar urticaria, erythropoietic protoporphyria, Hailey-Hailey disease, vitiligo and acne vulgaris. Afamelanotide is available for non-m","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.5177/ntvt.2020.04.19115","pubmedId":"32459219","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=15, totalMentions=13). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.5177/ntvt.2020.04.19115","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:45.327Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"c00192a2-03d1-4cb9-ba1b-f95eea40347f","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Evaluation of the immunogenicity of the synthetic α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) analogue afamelanotide ([Nle4-D-Phe7]-α-MSH, Scenesse®) in erythropoietic protoporphyria patients by ELISA detecting both anti-afamelanotide and anti-α-MSH antibodies.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25402764/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Evaluation of the immunogenicity of the synthetic α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) analogue afamelanotide ([Nle4-D-Phe7]-α-MSH, Scenesse®) in erythropoietic protoporphyria patients by ELISA detecting both anti-afamelanotide and anti-α-MSH antibodies.\" Abstract excerpt: Afamelanotide is an &#x3b1;-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (&#x3b1;-MSH) agonist with proven efficacy in photodermatoses such as erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). This peptide drug, repeatedly administered over prolonged time, may induce anti-drug antibodies (ADA). Here, we describe a new ELISA method developed to monitor the occurrence of ADA against afamelanotide as well as against &#x3b1;-MS","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1159/000362174","pubmedId":"25402764","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1159/000362174","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:45.401Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"f9353e5a-81f0-4c3a-b87f-6f63c7547cad","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Erythropoietic protoporphyria in the Netherlands: Clinical features, psychosocial impact and the effect of afamelanotide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36579412/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Erythropoietic protoporphyria in the Netherlands: Clinical features, psychosocial impact and the effect of afamelanotide.\" Abstract excerpt: Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) patients experience severe burning pain after light exposure, which results in a markedly reduced quality of life. However, there is limited information on the psychosocial aspects of EPP. To investigate the clinical features and social aspects of living with EPP, before and during afamelanotide treatment in the Netherlands. A single-center prospective longitudi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1111/1346-8138.16690","pubmedId":"36579412","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=319, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/1346-8138.16690","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:45.476Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"a2309060-013f-40ac-b391-a271db561cad","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"A bioassay for the detection of neutralizing antibodies against the α-melanocyte stimulating hormone analog afamelanotide in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23277150/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"A bioassay for the detection of neutralizing antibodies against the α-melanocyte stimulating hormone analog afamelanotide in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria.\" Abstract excerpt: The tridecapeptide afamelanotide (Scenesse&#xae;) is a congener of &#x3b1;-melanocyte stimulating hormone (&#x3b1;-MSH). Upon binding to the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) on the surface of pigment cells of the skin, the melanocytes, &#x3b1;-MSH or afamelanotide trigger the synthesis of cAMP, which stimulates the synthesis of melanin and therefore induces skin tanning. In a recent trial, afamelano","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2012.11.040","pubmedId":"23277150","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=19, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2012.11.040","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:45.551Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"b6953736-5604-4471-b85d-5b474e2110a9","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"German Cohort Observational Study to Investigate the Short- and Long-Term Safety and Clinical Effectiveness of Afamelanotide 16 mg (SCENESSE) in Patients With Erythropoietic Protoporphyria (EPP).","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40082741/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"German Cohort Observational Study to Investigate the Short- and Long-Term Safety and Clinical Effectiveness of Afamelanotide 16 mg (SCENESSE) in Patients With Erythropoietic Protoporphyria (EPP).\" Abstract excerpt: Afamelanotide 16 mg (SCENESSE) is the first approved treatment for erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). EPP is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder of the haem biosynthesis pathway, where patients experience severe and debilitating acute phototoxicity. It affects at least one in 140,000 of the European population. A postauthorisation safety study (PASS) and a disease registry were imposed","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/phpp.13012","pubmedId":"40082741","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/phpp.13012","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:45.630Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"0de284eb-87cb-4a1c-8277-d60fb12251a7","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Increased phototoxic burn tolerance time and quality of life in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria treated with afamelanotide - a three years observational study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32811524/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Increased phototoxic burn tolerance time and quality of life in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria treated with afamelanotide - a three years observational study.\" Abstract excerpt: Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is an ultra-rare genetic disorder (prevalence 1:150`000) characterized by instant painful phototoxic burn reactions in skin exposed to visible light. Afamelanotide is the first clinically tested therapy effectively increasing the time EPP patients can spend in direct sunlight without developing symptoms and reducing the number and severity of phototoxic reaction","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1186/s13023-020-01505-6","pubmedId":"32811524","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=186, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. 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It contains norleucine and D-phenylalanine at positions 4 and 7, in place of methionine and L-phenylalanine, respectively as found in endogenous peptide. Therape","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117362","pubmedId":"41547183","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. 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Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2020.01.035","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:18.346Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:20.407Z"},{"id":"0c29f64f-2726-4a5c-a52a-05c07ed8c2fb","peptideId":"14ca8943-2136-460b-abdc-f73ff777ca72","title":"Erythropoietic protoporphyria and afamelanotide: a patient's perspective.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37831089/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Afamelanotide: \"Erythropoietic protoporphyria and afamelanotide: a patient's perspective.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1093/ced/llad346","pubmedId":"37831089","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. 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AFA induces a \"sun free\" tanning and changes of acquired melanocytic nevi (AMN) that are generically described as \"darkening\". To assess clinical and dermoscopic AMN changes during AFA treatment. Adult EPP patients tre","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1007/s43630-021-00020-2","pubmedId":"33721252","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"afamelanotide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. 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Experimental studies report effects on angiogenesis, nitric-oxide signaling, inflammatory pathways, and tissue repair, but the proposed mechanisms are not established as therapeutic mechanisms in humans.","evidenceQualitySummary":"The represented literature is dominated by animal, cell, and narrative-review evidence. A very small amount of uncontrolled human experience has been published, but there is no robust replicated randomized clinical evidence establishing efficacy for musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, neurologic, or other promoted uses.","safetyConcernsSummary":"Human pharmacokinetics, dose-response relationships, interaction risks, immunogenicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, and long-term safety remain inadequately characterized. Preclinical healing signals do not establish that unsupervised human use is safe.","archiveSummaryNote":"This profile separates direct BPC-157 studies from reviews, related-pathway context, regulatory records, and anti-doping information. Most positive findings originate from preclinical research.","openQuestionsText":"Which findings reproduce independently? What are human pharmacokinetics, target engagement, clinically meaningful efficacy, optimal endpoints, and short- and long-term safety in adequately powered controlled trials?","active":true,"createdAt":"2026-08-18T17:25:08.642Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z","entityClass":"classification_pending","entityClassSource":"inferred","entityClassReviewed":true,"entityClassReviewedBy":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","entityClassReviewedAt":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z","registryStatus":"canonical","registryTier":null,"acquisitionEnabled":true,"publicationState":"published","editorialState":"published","chemistry":{"id":"8c62ebfd9ed3996101e1fc653a972007","peptideId":"739cc89b-933c-49c0-a1b7-3a1fbcf5558e","molecularFormula":"C62H98N16O22","molecularWeight":1419.56,"aminoAcidSequence":"GEPPPGKPADDAGLV","smiles":null,"inchi":null,"inchikey":null,"structureImageUrl":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z"},"citations":[{"id":"53d160edef6ccb6d662bff4ca4b7492e","peptideId":"739cc89b-933c-49c0-a1b7-3a1fbcf5558e","title":"Brain-gut Axis and Pentadecapeptide BPC 157: Theoretical and Practical Implications.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27138887/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"METHODS: Review of our research on BPC 157 in terms of brain-gut axis. 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Then, confronted with obstructed vessels, there is circumvention of the occlusion, which may be the particular action of BPC 157 in ische …","authors":"Seiwerth S, Milavic M, Vukojevic J, Gojkovic S, Krezic I, Vuletic LB, Pavlov KH, Petrovic A, Sikiric S, Vranes H, Prtoric A, Zizek H, Durasin T, Dobric I, Staresinic M, Strbe S, Knezevic M, Sola M, Kokot A, Sever M, Lovric E, Skrtic A, Blagaic AB, Sikiric P.","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.3389/fphar.2021.627533","pubmedId":"34267654","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted corpus expansion authorized by owner on 2026-09-08. 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Its N-terminal D-phenylalanine-containing sequence binds the catalytic site of thrombin while a C-terminal region engages thrombin’s fibrin-recognition exosite; thrombin can subsequently cleave the molecule, contributing to reversible inhibition. It acts directly on circulating and clot-bound thrombin without requiring antithrombin. The molecule is established in percutaneous coronary intervention, while use in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, cardiopulmonary bypass, pediatric procedures, and other settings has a different and often off-label evidence and regulatory context.","evidenceQualitySummary":"The governed corpus spans the pivotal REPLACE-2, ACUITY, HORIZONS-AMI, EUROMAX, HEAT-PPCI, MATRIX, VALIDATE-SWEDEHEART, and BRIGHT-4 evidence families; post-procedure infusion research; early angioplasty studies; pediatric catheterization and ECMO investigations; modern systematic reviews and individual-patient or aggregate meta-analyses; laboratory monitoring research; and comparative real-world work. Source identities, titles, authorship, publication metadata, DOI/PMID links, bivalirudin identity, and duplication were checked against PubMed. Evidence ratings preserve differences among large PCI trials, pediatric pilot studies, ECMO cohorts, meta-analyses, and in-vitro assays. Claim-level interpretation, bias, applicability, and changing background antiplatelet or access-site practice remain for accountable Owner review.","safetyConcernsSummary":"The evidence base spans two decades of changing PCI technique, radial-access adoption, antiplatelet therapy, heparin dosing, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa use, and stent technology, limiting direct comparison across trials. Open-label designs and treatment crossovers occur in parts of the literature. Composite outcomes and bleeding definitions vary. Meta-analyses inherit comparator heterogeneity and cannot erase trial-level differences. Evidence for ECMO, cardiopulmonary bypass, neurointervention, and children is smaller and often observational. Renal clearance, critical illness, assay limitations, extracorporeal-circuit conditions, and concomitant antithrombotic drugs affect exposure and bleeding or thrombosis risk. Current official labeling—not this profile—controls indications, contraindications, monitoring, and clinical use.","archiveSummaryNote":"Randomized PCI trials establish that bivalirudin is an effective procedural anticoagulant, but its balance against heparin depends on the comparator regimen, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor strategy, vascular access, post-PCI infusion, ischemic-risk profile, and era of practice. Across major trial programs, reduced bleeding in some comparisons must be considered alongside acute stent-thrombosis signals and differences in ischemic outcomes. Later evidence, including BRIGHT-4 and pooled analyses, evaluates whether high-dose post-PCI infusion and contemporary practice alter that balance. ECMO, cardiopulmonary-bypass, pediatric, and HIT-associated uses are clinically important but supported by smaller, heterogeneous, and frequently nonrandomized evidence; they are not interchangeable with the FDA PCI indication. Monitoring research also shows that assay choice and patient physiology can affect interpretation of anticoagulant effect.","openQuestionsText":"Which contemporary PCI populations derive a net clinical advantage from bivalirudin over modern heparin strategies? What infusion duration and intensity best balance bleeding and acute stent thrombosis after primary PCI? Which anticoagulation assay most reliably reflects exposure in ECMO, renal dysfunction, and critical illness? Can adequately powered randomized trials define outcomes in adult and pediatric ECMO or cardiopulmonary bypass? How should HIT history, circuit adsorption, inflammatory state, organ failure, and concurrent antiplatelet therapy change interpretation? 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Current labeling governs renal adjustment, bleeding risk, acute stent-thrombosis warning, concomitant antithrombotic use, and contraindications; this entry does not extend authorization to ECMO, cardiopulmonary bypass, pediatric use, or other off-label settings.","sourceTitle":"FDA Drugs@FDA NDA 020873 and ANGIOMAX Prescribing Information","sourceUrl":"https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=020873","dateChecked":"2026-09-09T21:47:39.847Z","reviewDueAt":"2026-12-08T21:47:39.847Z","enteredById":null,"reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","publicationStatus":"published","factualObservationId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T21:47:39.847Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T22:07:38.911Z"},{"id":"97dde1634f6dfc1bc24accdea40b1fd3","peptideId":"1b71a102-4ca8-4627-91da-174a06298fc2","jurisdiction":"European Union (EMA)","status":"not_approved","approvedIndication":null,"rationale":"Angiox (bivalirudin) previously held an EU marketing authorization for adult PCI and urgent or early intervention in unstable angina or NSTEMI with specified concomitant antiplatelet therapy. The European Commission withdrew the authorization on 21 June 2018 at the marketing-authorization holder’s request for commercial discontinuation; the authorization is no longer valid. This is a withdrawal record, not a finding that the medicine lacked efficacy or safety.","sourceTitle":"EMA EPAR — Angiox: withdrawn marketing authorisation","sourceUrl":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/angiox","dateChecked":"2026-09-09T21:47:39.847Z","reviewDueAt":"2027-03-08T21:47:39.847Z","enteredById":null,"reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","publicationStatus":"published","factualObservationId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T21:47:39.847Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T22:07:38.911Z"}]},{"id":"57147aff-bc28-4d70-8bba-1cb41386e574","slug":"bremelanotide","commonName":"Bremelanotide","alternativeNames":[],"category":"Melanocortin receptor agonist peptide","mechanismSummary":"Bremelanotide is a melanocortin receptor agonist peptide studied in sexual-desire disorders. The relevant clinical populations, outcome measures, and treatment settings must be distinguished from other melanocortin compounds.","evidenceQualitySummary":"WPF’s atlas lists clinical-trial reviews of pharmacological options for hypoactive sexual desire disorder, as well as prescribing-pattern and formulation studies. A review or utilization trend does not by itself establish an individual treatment effect or extend findings to unstudied populations.","safetyConcernsSummary":"The Directory has no published source-linked citations or jurisdiction-specific regulatory record here. Trial endpoints, enrolled populations, contraindications, and adverse events require appraisal of primary and official records before a clinical or regulatory claim is made.","archiveSummaryNote":"WPF's separate observational archive may include contributor reports concerning bremelanotide's use for sexual-desire-related outcomes. As with every entry in that archive, these de-identified reports can suggest questions but cannot establish causation, efficacy, comparative safety, or event frequency, and should not be conflated with reports about other melanocortin compounds.","openQuestionsText":"Which outcomes have controlled trial support in the studied population? How do safety and tolerability compare under the actual trial designs? What regulatory indications and restrictions apply in each jurisdiction?","active":true,"createdAt":"2026-08-27T06:13:56.687Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:22.491Z","entityClass":"peptide_analog","entityClassSource":"inferred","entityClassReviewed":false,"entityClassReviewedBy":null,"entityClassReviewedAt":null,"registryStatus":"canonical","registryTier":"flagship","acquisitionEnabled":true,"publicationState":"published","editorialState":"published","chemistry":{"id":"0d05fe17-22b5-4666-8f5e-2c9b7f93be86","peptideId":"57147aff-bc28-4d70-8bba-1cb41386e574","molecularFormula":"C50H68N14O10","molecularWeight":1025.2,"aminoAcidSequence":null,"smiles":"CCCCC(C(=O)NC1CC(=O)NCCCCC(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC1=O)CC2=CN=CN2)CC3=CC=CC=C3)CCCN=C(N)N)CC4=CNC5=CC=CC=C54)C(=O)O)NC(=O)C","inchi":"InChI=1S/C50H68N14O10/c1-3-4-16-35(58-29(2)65)43(67)64-41-25-42(66)54-20-11-10-18-37(49(73)74)60-46(70)39(23-31-26-56-34-17-9-8-15-33(31)34)62-44(68)36(19-12-21-55-50(51)52)59-45(69)38(22-30-13-6-5-7-14-30)61-47(71)40(63-48(41)72)24-32-27-53-28-57-32/h5-9,13-15,17,26-28,35-41,56H,3-4,10-12,16,18-25H2,1-2H3,(H,53,57)(H,54,66)(H,58,65)(H,59,69)(H,60,70)(H,61,71)(H,62,68)(H,63,72)(H,64,67)(H,73,74)(H4,51,52,55)/t35-,36-,37-,38+,39-,40-,41-/m0/s1","inchikey":"FFHBJDQSGDNCIV-MFVUMRCOSA-N","structureImageUrl":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/9941379/PNG","createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:36:53.645Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T02:36:53.645Z"},"citations":[{"id":"90ef21a1-f637-41f8-9ec8-5f993ab680be","peptideId":"57147aff-bc28-4d70-8bba-1cb41386e574","title":"Safety Profile of Bremelanotide Across the Clinical Development Program.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35147466/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Summarizes safety observations across the bremelanotide development program; population and study design limits apply.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1089/jwh.2021.0191","pubmedId":"35147466","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Upgraded from an entered/unverified draft to a content-verified citation. Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=12, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: WPF seed. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This publication addresses Bremelanotide in the specific setting identified in its title.","supportNature":"Screened source-level context; specific outcomes and evidence tier await appraisal.","qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1089/jwh.2021.0191","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:12:05.138Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:22.566Z"},{"id":"cbc2ada4-98af-4606-b85f-98aa9141607d","peptideId":"57147aff-bc28-4d70-8bba-1cb41386e574","title":"Bremelanotide and flibanserin for low sexual desire in women: the fallacy of regulatory precedent.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34642243/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Bremelanotide: \"Bremelanotide and flibanserin for low sexual desire in women: the fallacy of regulatory precedent.\" Abstract excerpt: The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved two drugs for 'hypoactive sexual desire disorder' in women, flibanserin (Addyi) in 2015 and bremelanotide (Vyleesi) in 2019. In this paper we examine the outcome measures and clinical trial data upon which regulatory approval was based. In clinical trials, flibanserin led to an average of only one additional enjoyable sexual experience every t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1136/dtb.2021.000020","pubmedId":"34642243","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=147, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1136/dtb.2021.000020","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:45.860Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:22.566Z"},{"id":"32fb1c69-bc5d-4d80-b90c-7ee432ddca4c","peptideId":"57147aff-bc28-4d70-8bba-1cb41386e574","title":"Bremelanotide for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Two Randomized Phase 3 Trials.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31599840/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Bremelanotide: \"Bremelanotide for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Two Randomized Phase 3 Trials.\" Abstract excerpt: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of bremelanotide for the treatment of premenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Two identical phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trials (RECONNECT) evaluated the safety and efficacy of bremelanotide 1.75 mg administered subcutaneously as needed in premenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorde","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000003500","pubmedId":"31599840","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=39, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000003500","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:45.932Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:22.566Z"},{"id":"22204493-0c09-4b74-8112-4902f68d0285","peptideId":"57147aff-bc28-4d70-8bba-1cb41386e574","title":"Bremelanotide for female sexual dysfunctions in premenopausal women: a randomized, placebo-controlled dose-finding trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27181790/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Bremelanotide: \"Bremelanotide for female sexual dysfunctions in premenopausal women: a randomized, placebo-controlled dose-finding trial.\" Abstract excerpt: Evaluate efficacy/safety of bremelanotide (BMT), a melanocortin-receptor-4 agonist, to treat female sexual dysfunctions in premenopausal women. Patients randomized to receive placebo or BMT 0.75, 1.25 or 1.75 mg self-administered subcutaneously, as desired, over 12 weeks. Primary end point was change in satisfying sexual events/month. Secondary end points included total score changes on female sex","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.2217/whe-2016-0018","pubmedId":"27181790","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"bremelanotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2217/whe-2016-0018","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:18.955Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:22.566Z"},{"id":"a06d6715-c304-44df-9c20-9a75bb964e8f","peptideId":"57147aff-bc28-4d70-8bba-1cb41386e574","title":"Bremelanotide (Vyleesi) for hypoactive sexual desire disorder.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31381550/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Bremelanotide: \"Bremelanotide (Vyleesi) for hypoactive sexual desire disorder.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"31381550","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"bremelanotide\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:31381550","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:19.108Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:22.566Z"},{"id":"40425b4c-25c4-4b33-ba06-dfdd98610d0d","peptideId":"57147aff-bc28-4d70-8bba-1cb41386e574","title":"Bremelanotide: an overview of preclinical CNS effects on female sexual function.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17958619/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Bremelanotide: \"Bremelanotide: an overview of preclinical CNS effects on female sexual function.\" Abstract excerpt: Bremelanotide is an analogue of the naturally occurring peptide alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH). It stimulates erection in men and male rats, and is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. To review the effects of bremelanotide, an analogue of the naturally occurring peptide alpha-MSH, on the preclinical indices of sexual desire in female rats, and ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1111/j.1743-6109.2007.00610.x","pubmedId":"17958619","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2007.00610.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:46.009Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:22.566Z"},{"id":"ed5ff102-56df-4b3a-9680-981ba44d426f","peptideId":"57147aff-bc28-4d70-8bba-1cb41386e574","title":"Bremelanotide: First Approval.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31429064/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Bremelanotide: \"Bremelanotide: First Approval.\" Abstract excerpt: Bremelanotide (Vyleesi&#x2122;) is a melanocortin receptor agonist recently approved in the USA for the treatment of premenopausal women with acquired, generalized hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), as characterized by low sexual desire that causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty. It is a self-administered, on-demand subcutaneous therapy. Initially developed by Palatin Technolog","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1007/s40265-019-01187-w","pubmedId":"31429064","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: WPF seed. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s40265-019-01187-w","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:46.086Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:22.566Z"},{"id":"8abaee3e-a952-4e61-86e4-680251b95ea9","peptideId":"57147aff-bc28-4d70-8bba-1cb41386e574","title":"Bremelanotide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34436837/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Bremelanotide: \"Bremelanotide.\" Abstract excerpt: Bremelanotide is a parenterally administered melanocortin receptor agonist that is used to treat female hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Bremelanotide has been reported to cause mild serum enzyme elevations during therapy and has been implicated in rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"34436837","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: reference/monograph-type record (PubMed book/reference-work entry) -- real and traceable, not primary research. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: WPF seed. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"other","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:34436837","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:46.159Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:22.566Z"},{"id":"39cd188b-d29a-43b2-844a-99aaaac76e2b","peptideId":"57147aff-bc28-4d70-8bba-1cb41386e574","title":"Bremelanotide: New Drug Approved for Treating Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31893927/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Bremelanotide: \"Bremelanotide: New Drug Approved for Treating Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder.\" Abstract excerpt: Objective: To review data regarding bremelanotide, a recently approved therapy for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). Data Sources: Literature search of Medline, SCOPUS, and EMBASE was performed using the search terms bremelanotide, bremelanotide injection, Vyleesi , and melanocortin 4 receptor agonist between January 1, 1996, and December 15, 2019. Reference lists from included articles we","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1177/1060028019899152","pubmedId":"31893927","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=36, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/1060028019899152","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:46.231Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:22.566Z"},{"id":"d2423cd3-e0c1-4e2a-b54e-28af9b455e3d","peptideId":"57147aff-bc28-4d70-8bba-1cb41386e574","title":"Bremelanotide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31369224/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Bremelanotide: \"Bremelanotide.\" Abstract excerpt: No information is available on the clinical use of bremelanotide during breastfeeding. Because bremelanotide is a cyclic peptide molecule with a molecular weight of 1025, the amount in milk is likely to be very low and absorption is unlikely because it is probably destroyed in the infant's gastrointestinal tract. Until more data become available, bremelanotide should be used with caution during br","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"31369224","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: reference/monograph-type record (PubMed book/reference-work entry) -- real and traceable, not primary research. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=51, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: WPF seed. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"other","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:31369224","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:46.306Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:22.566Z"},{"id":"032de332-95fb-4a47-ba55-6ae7eec95e1d","peptideId":"57147aff-bc28-4d70-8bba-1cb41386e574","title":"Effect of bremelanotide on body weight of obese women: Data from two phase 1 randomized controlled trials.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35170192/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Bremelanotide: \"Effect of bremelanotide on body weight of obese women: Data from two phase 1 randomized controlled trials.\" Abstract excerpt: The melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) plays a central role in appetite regulation, and agonistic activity at this receptor promotes satiety. Results from two randomized controlled clinical trials examine the effects of bremelanotide's agonism at MC4R on caloric intake and body weight. Premenopausal women with a body mass index &gt;30 kg/m 2 were studied in two phase 1, single-centre, randomized, doub","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1111/dom.14672","pubmedId":"35170192","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=216, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/dom.14672","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:46.379Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:22.566Z"},{"id":"3f229f27-b578-4636-8e22-8b2be5d4a19b","peptideId":"57147aff-bc28-4d70-8bba-1cb41386e574","title":"An evaluation of bremelanotide injection for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36242769/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Bremelanotide: \"An evaluation of bremelanotide injection for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder.\" Abstract excerpt: Female sexual response implies a deep intertwining between psychosocial and neurobiological mediators. Regulation of central melanocortin signaling may enhance sexual desire. In premenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), melanocortin receptor agonist bremelanotide (Vyleesi) has been hypothesized to trigger excitatory brain pathways. Hereby we summarize bremelanotide's propo","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1080/14656566.2022.2132144","pubmedId":"36242769","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=275, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/14656566.2022.2132144","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:46.451Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:22.566Z"},{"id":"7751e766-e40c-4e75-998d-87ef12a64635","peptideId":"57147aff-bc28-4d70-8bba-1cb41386e574","title":"Re-Analyzing Phase III Bremelanotide Trials for \"Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder\" in Women.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33678061/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Bremelanotide: \"Re-Analyzing Phase III Bremelanotide Trials for \"Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder\" in Women.\" Abstract excerpt: Kingsberg et al. described results from two 24-week Phase III trials of bremelanotide for treating hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in women. 72.72% of protocol-listed outcomes were not reported by Kingsberg et al., who provided results of 15 secondary measures which were not listed in the study protocols. None of their efficacy outcomes were reported in line with CONSORT data reporting st","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1080/00224499.2021.1885601","pubmedId":"33678061","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=72, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/00224499.2021.1885601","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:46.524Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:22.566Z"},{"id":"6cbf0201-f722-497e-a183-48c5f88855ac","peptideId":"57147aff-bc28-4d70-8bba-1cb41386e574","title":"Melanocortin Receptor Agonist Bremelanotide Induces Cell Death and Growth Inhibition in Glioblastoma Cells <i>via</i> Suppression of Survivin Expression.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39197897/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Bremelanotide: \"Melanocortin Receptor Agonist Bremelanotide Induces Cell Death and Growth Inhibition in Glioblastoma Cells <i>via</i> Suppression of Survivin Expression.\" Abstract excerpt: Glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of brain tumor and has a dismal prognosis; therefore, novel therapeutic approaches based on the mechanisms underlying its aggressive nature are urgently required. A growing body of evidence suggests that neurotransmitters play a key role in modulating the biology of glioblastoma; however, the role of melanocortins remains unclear. The effects of bremelanoti","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.21873/anticanres.17214","pubmedId":"39197897","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=389, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.21873/anticanres.17214","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:46.600Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:22.566Z"},{"id":"19e6f378-a383-4a17-bb19-6439a4b1a974","peptideId":"57147aff-bc28-4d70-8bba-1cb41386e574","title":"Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31599847/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Bremelanotide: \"Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder.\" Abstract excerpt: To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of bremelanotide as treatment for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women. Women who completed the 24-week double-blind core phase of RECONNECT, composed of two parallel phase 3 trials (301 and 302) examining the safety and efficacy of bremelanotide compared with placebo in premenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder, co","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000003514","pubmedId":"31599847","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=49, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000003514","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:46.675Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:22.566Z"},{"id":"51c6f730-79d9-40e1-a685-3b40171d8c67","peptideId":"57147aff-bc28-4d70-8bba-1cb41386e574","title":"Female Syrian hamster analyses of bremelanotide, a US FDA approved drug for the treatment of female hypoactive sexual desire disorder.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39793696/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Bremelanotide: \"Female Syrian hamster analyses of bremelanotide, a US FDA approved drug for the treatment of female hypoactive sexual desire disorder.\" Abstract excerpt: Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) is the most reported sexual dysfunction among premenopausal women worldwide. Bremelanotide, trade name Vyleesi, has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration to treat HSDD. However, despite approval, very little is known about its neurobiological mechanism of action. In this study, we utilized a female Syrian hamster model to investiga","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.neuropharm.2025.110299","pubmedId":"39793696","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=118, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2025.110299","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:46.747Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:22.566Z"},{"id":"d019259c-4e69-4c5d-bfb2-4ddb562230ab","peptideId":"57147aff-bc28-4d70-8bba-1cb41386e574","title":"Salvage of sildenafil failures with bremelanotide: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18206919/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Bremelanotide: \"Salvage of sildenafil failures with bremelanotide: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study.\" Abstract excerpt: We evaluated the safety and efficacy of intranasal bremelanotide in men with erectile dysfunction who did not respond to sildenafil. A total of 342 married men (28 to 59 years old) with erectile dysfunction who did not respond to sildenafil were randomly assigned to receive 10 mg bremelanotide as an intranasal spray (group 1, 172) 45 minutes to 2 hours prior to sexual stimulation, or a similar reg","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1016/j.juro.2007.10.063","pubmedId":"18206919","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=51, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.juro.2007.10.063","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:46.820Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:22.566Z"},{"id":"e2addb98-725b-4662-a901-9240fafeae6e","peptideId":"57147aff-bc28-4d70-8bba-1cb41386e574","title":"Small Effects, Questionable Outcomes: Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36809187/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Bremelanotide: \"Small Effects, Questionable Outcomes: Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder.\" Abstract excerpt: Efficacy outcomes are only informative to the extent that they are validated. We examined the measurement properties of efficacy measures from the phase III (\"RECONNECT\") bremelanotide trials for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in women. Continuous efficacy outcomes, including a) the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and its Desire domain (FSFI-D) and b) the Female Sexual Distress Scale","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1080/00224499.2023.2175192","pubmedId":"36809187","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=171, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/00224499.2023.2175192","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:46.891Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:22.566Z"},{"id":"8f6e5212-06c2-4d4e-9cd3-fda6b0b43317","peptideId":"57147aff-bc28-4d70-8bba-1cb41386e574","title":"The Patient Experience of Premenopausal Women Treated with Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: RECONNECT Exit Study Results.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33538638/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Bremelanotide: \"The Patient Experience of Premenopausal Women Treated with Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: RECONNECT Exit Study Results.\" Abstract excerpt: Background: Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) has a significant negative impact on women's overall health and relationships with their partners. Primary analyses from the RECONNECT clinical trials demonstrated statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements in sexual desire and related distress with bremelanotide relative to placebo in premenopausal women with HSDD. Exit su","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1089/jwh.2020.8460","pubmedId":"33538638","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=325, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1089/jwh.2020.8460","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:46.963Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:22.566Z"},{"id":"4984391d-1158-4b27-ac27-73d0c7cf228f","peptideId":"57147aff-bc28-4d70-8bba-1cb41386e574","title":"Ultra-sensitive quantification of the therapeutic cyclic peptide bremelanotide utilizing UHPLC-MS/MS for evaluation of its oral plasma pharmacokinetics.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32353679/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Bremelanotide: \"Ultra-sensitive quantification of the therapeutic cyclic peptide bremelanotide utilizing UHPLC-MS/MS for evaluation of its oral plasma pharmacokinetics.\" Abstract excerpt: Bremelanotide (Vyleesi&#xae;), a cyclic heptapeptide, was recently approved for the subcutaneous treatment of premenopausal hypoactive sexual desire disorder. To foster the development of alternative routes of administration, we aimed at determining the oral plasma pharmacokinetics of bremelanotide in beagle dogs. Therefore, we established a UHPLC-MS/MS assay with an LLOQ of 10 pg/mL (9.8 pM) usin","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113276","pubmedId":"32353679","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113276","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:47.038Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:22.566Z"},{"id":"eb0b4845-0150-4a88-9137-9f88a2aca4e9","peptideId":"57147aff-bc28-4d70-8bba-1cb41386e574","title":"Prespecified and Integrated Subgroup Analyses from the RECONNECT Phase 3 Studies of Bremelanotide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35230162/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Bremelanotide: \"Prespecified and Integrated Subgroup Analyses from the RECONNECT Phase 3 Studies of Bremelanotide.\" Abstract excerpt: Background: Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), the most prevalent female sexual dysfunction, is characterized as persistent diminished desire for sexual activity accompanied by distress. The efficacy and safety of bremelanotide, a melanocortin receptor agonist approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treatment of acquired generalized HSDD in premenopausal women, were establishe","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1089/jwh.2021.0225","pubmedId":"35230162","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=221, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1089/jwh.2021.0225","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:47.110Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:22.566Z"},{"id":"f5e12c72-70a0-421f-8f74-f2fb9aeb7b43","peptideId":"57147aff-bc28-4d70-8bba-1cb41386e574","title":"Usefulness of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to assess the melanocortin receptor agonist bremelanotide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27977473/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Bremelanotide: \"Usefulness of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to assess the melanocortin receptor agonist bremelanotide.\" Abstract excerpt: Melanocortin receptor agonists that bind to the melanocortin receptor 4 may cause increases in blood pressure (BP). Bremelanotide is an on-demand, subcutaneous melanocortin-receptor agonist that binds to the melanocortin receptor 4 and is being developed for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction. We studied the effects of bremelanotide administration on ambulatory BP and heart rate (HR), in a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1097/hjh.0000000000001221","pubmedId":"27977473","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=116, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000001221","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:47.188Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:22.566Z"},{"id":"1f511f6b-dfd7-41ad-ad0b-a058e2718e37","peptideId":"57147aff-bc28-4d70-8bba-1cb41386e574","title":"An effect on the subjective sexual response in premenopausal women with sexual arousal disorder by bremelanotide (PT-141), a melanocortin receptor agonist.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16839319/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Bremelanotide: \"An effect on the subjective sexual response in premenopausal women with sexual arousal disorder by bremelanotide (PT-141), a melanocortin receptor agonist.\" Abstract excerpt: Melanocortins affect multiple physiological responses, including sexual behaviors. Bremelanotide is a synthetic peptide melanocortin analog of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone that is an agonist at melanocortin receptors MC3R and MC4R. To evaluate a single intranasal dose of bremelanotide for potential effects on physiological and subjective measurements of sexual arousal and desire in premeno","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1111/j.1743-6109.2006.00268.x","pubmedId":"16839319","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=83, totalMentions=11). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2006.00268.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:47.269Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:22.566Z"},{"id":"56100523-4218-4394-8b51-bbb844d47355","peptideId":"57147aff-bc28-4d70-8bba-1cb41386e574","title":"PT-141 Palatin.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15134289/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Bremelanotide: \"PT-141 Palatin.\" Abstract excerpt: Palatin, under license from Competitive Technology, is developing the peptide PT-141, a synthetically modified analog of PT-14, as a nasal spray for the potential treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) and female sexual dysfunction. In September 2003, Palatin had completed a phase IIb trial in patients with ED and in February 2004, Palatin planned to start phase III trials in early 2005.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"15134289","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"bremelanotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: WPF seed. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:15134289","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:19.032Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:22.566Z"},{"id":"6cfa1048-594a-4123-a4c4-35095f380bb4","peptideId":"57147aff-bc28-4d70-8bba-1cb41386e574","title":"Re: Bremelanotide for Female Sexual Dysfunctions in Premenopausal Women: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Dose-Finding Trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27751477/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Bremelanotide: \"Re: Bremelanotide for Female Sexual Dysfunctions in Premenopausal Women: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Dose-Finding Trial.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1016/j.juro.2016.08.063","pubmedId":"27751477","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"bremelanotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.juro.2016.08.063","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:19.184Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:22.566Z"},{"id":"2a4da544-e7cf-40f8-aef4-a7ecaad63137","peptideId":"57147aff-bc28-4d70-8bba-1cb41386e574","title":"The neurobiology of bremelanotide for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33455598/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Bremelanotide: \"The neurobiology of bremelanotide for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women.\" Abstract excerpt: Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) is a common female sexual dysfunction and is estimated to affect approximately 10% of women in the United States. It has been suggested that HSDD is associated with an imbalance of hormone and neurotransmitter levels in the brain, resulting in decreased excitation, increased inhibition, or a combination of both. Evidence suggests neurotransmitters, includin","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1017/s109285292100002x","pubmedId":"33455598","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"bremelanotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1017/s109285292100002x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:19.261Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:22.566Z"},{"id":"1f424259-fee9-4ae5-9bc2-ce45daa1bcc7","peptideId":"57147aff-bc28-4d70-8bba-1cb41386e574","title":"Responder Analyses from a Phase 2b Dose-Ranging Study of Bremelanotide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31277966/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Bremelanotide: \"Responder Analyses from a Phase 2b Dose-Ranging Study of Bremelanotide.\" Abstract excerpt: Responder analyses are used to determine whether changes that occur during a clinical trial are clinically meaningful; for subjective endpoints such as those based on patient-reported outcomes (PROs), responder analyses are particularly useful. To identify the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for selected scores on questionnaires assessing female sexual functioning and to use these d","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.05.012","pubmedId":"31277966","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"bremelanotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.05.012","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:19.336Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:22.566Z"},{"id":"e818f246-27ac-4136-b6cb-ad6ecc1a947d","peptideId":"57147aff-bc28-4d70-8bba-1cb41386e574","title":"Failure of a Meta-analysis: A Commentary on Glen Spielmans's \"Re-Analyzing Phase III Bremelanotide Trials for 'Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in Women'\".","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33835907/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Bremelanotide: \"Failure of a Meta-analysis: A Commentary on Glen Spielmans's \"Re-Analyzing Phase III Bremelanotide Trials for 'Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in Women'\".\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1080/00224499.2021.1902926","pubmedId":"33835907","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"bremelanotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/00224499.2021.1902926","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:19.411Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:22.566Z"},{"id":"b0775f82-58f6-4946-8737-dfb61aace05b","peptideId":"57147aff-bc28-4d70-8bba-1cb41386e574","title":"LC-HRMS characterization of the skin pigmentation and sexual enhancers melanotan II and bremelanotide sold on the black market of performance and image enhancing drugs.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33245851/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Bremelanotide: \"LC-HRMS characterization of the skin pigmentation and sexual enhancers melanotan II and bremelanotide sold on the black market of performance and image enhancing drugs.\" Abstract excerpt: The spread of performance and image enhancing drugs (PIEDs) often requires forensic toxicology laboratories to identify unknown compounds without reference standards. We characterized the PIEDs melanotan II and bremelanotide, not legally marketed, in eight unknown samples confiscated by police together with anabolic steroids, hormone modulators, sexual enhancers and stimulants, intended for the bl","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1002/dta.2986","pubmedId":"33245851","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"bremelanotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/dta.2986","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:19.487Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:22.566Z"},{"id":"fcf3557a-3583-4c73-8a7d-053a7479464d","peptideId":"57147aff-bc28-4d70-8bba-1cb41386e574","title":"Phase I Randomized Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Study of the Safety and Tolerability of Bremelanotide Coadministered With Ethanol in Healthy Male and Female Participants.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28189361/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Bremelanotide: \"Phase I Randomized Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Study of the Safety and Tolerability of Bremelanotide Coadministered With Ethanol in Healthy Male and Female Participants.\" Abstract excerpt: This was a Phase I study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and hemodynamic and pharmacokinetic effects of bremelanotide (BMT) coadministered with ethanol to healthy male and female participants. This was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, 3-period, 3-way crossover study. Individuals meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria received BMT or placebo with or without ethanol at the res","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.01.018","pubmedId":"28189361","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"bremelanotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.01.018","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:19.563Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:22.566Z"}],"regulatoryStatuses":[{"id":"35978346-76a0-48cd-9416-5da6f59bc6cf","peptideId":"57147aff-bc28-4d70-8bba-1cb41386e574","jurisdiction":"United States — FDA","status":"approved","approvedIndication":"VYLEESI (bremelanotide) is indicated for the treatment of premenopausal women with acquired, generalized hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), as characterized by low sexual desire that causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty, and not due to a co-existing medical or psychiatric condition, relationship problems, or the effects of a medication or drug substance. Not indicated for HSDD in postmenopausal women or in men.","rationale":"FDA labeling identifies VYLEESI (bremelanotide injection) as an approved product for its labeled indication; this record does not extend approval to other populations or uses.","sourceTitle":"FDA VYLEESI (bremelanotide injection) prescribing information","sourceUrl":"https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/210557s000lbl.pdf","dateChecked":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewDueAt":null,"enteredById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","publicationStatus":"published","factualObservationId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:14:11.710Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:22.653Z"},{"id":"c29f5165-0311-4f06-8bec-418a96ee40e8","peptideId":"57147aff-bc28-4d70-8bba-1cb41386e574","jurisdiction":"European Union — EMA","status":"not_approved","approvedIndication":null,"rationale":"No centrally authorized EMA medicine containing bremelanotide was identified in the EMA medicines database as of 2026-09-23. Palatin Technologies licensed European rights for bremelanotide to Gedeon Richter in 2014; that licensing agreement was terminated in September 2016 with no EU marketing authorization resulting. Bremelanotide (Vyleesi) is FDA-approved in the United States only. Absence of a record in this search is not proof that no authorization exists via another regulatory pathway (e.g. national member-state authorization outside the centralized procedure). Status remains jurisdiction-, product-, and date-specific.","sourceTitle":"European Medicines Agency medicines database","sourceUrl":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines","dateChecked":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewDueAt":"2026-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","enteredById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","publicationStatus":"published","factualObservationId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:42:17.772Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:22.653Z"}]},{"id":"b6eac7dd-9ae2-4b2c-86e8-0ba95f48c9ee","slug":"cjc-1295","commonName":"CJC-1295","alternativeNames":["CJC1295","CJC-1295 DAC","Drug Affinity Complex GRF"],"category":"Long-acting GHRH analog","mechanismSummary":"CJC-1295 is a modified growth-hormone-releasing hormone analog designed to resist enzymatic degradation and, in its drug-affinity-complex form, bind circulating albumin. Early studies show prolonged stimulation of growth hormone and IGF-1, but biomarker elevation is not equivalent to demonstrated clinical benefit.","evidenceQualitySummary":"Direct evidence consists mainly of small early-phase pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies plus analytical and anti-doping work. There is no established regulator-approved therapeutic indication, and literature on other GHRH analogs is contextual only.","safetyConcernsSummary":"Short-term adverse-event reporting does not establish long-term safety. Persistent GH/IGF-1 stimulation raises unresolved questions about glucose regulation, edema, arthralgia, sleep apnea, neoplasia risk, and other endocrine effects. Marketed products may conflate DAC and non-DAC molecules.","archiveSummaryNote":"The archive distinguishes CJC-1295 with DAC from products marketed as 'CJC-1295 without DAC' or modified GRF(1-29), and labels broader GHRH literature as contextual.","openQuestionsText":"Which exact molecular form is being studied or sold? 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Here we demonstr …","authors":"Timms M, Ganio K, Steel R.","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1002/dta.2599","pubmedId":"30938069","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted corpus expansion authorized by owner on 2026-09-08. 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Three groups of 1-wk-old GHRHKO mice were treated for 5 wk with 2 microg of CJC-1295 at intervals of 24, 48, and 72 h. ...These findings demonstrate that treatment with once-daily admi …","authors":"Alba M, Fintini D, Sagazio A, Lawrence B, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA, Salvatori R.","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00201.2006","pubmedId":"16822960","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted corpus expansion authorized by owner on 2026-09-08. 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DESIGN: Sera from 11 healthy young adult men before and one week after CJC-1295 injection were analyze …","authors":"Sackmann-Sala L, Ding J, Frohman LA, Kopchick JJ.","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2009.03.001","pubmedId":"19386527","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted corpus expansion authorized by owner on 2026-09-08. 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Nineteen major in vitro metabolites were identif …","authors":"Memdouh S, Gavrilović I, Ng K, Cowan D, Abbate V.","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1002/dta.3183","pubmedId":"34665524","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted corpus expansion authorized by owner on 2026-09-08. 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Use of peptide and peptide-analog drugs in recreational and professional sport and bodybuilding: a critical review.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41880199/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Marketed as more selective and ostensibly safer alternatives, peptides-including growth hormone secretagogues (e.g., Ipamorelin), growth hormone-releasing hormone analogues (e.g., CJC-1295, Sermorelin), and synthetic fragments (e.g., Frag 176-191, KPV)-are promoted …","authors":"Coutinho LFD, DE Oliveira Neves LF, Camilo RP.","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17773-1","pubmedId":"41880199","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted corpus expansion authorized by owner on 2026-09-08. Relationship to named compound is explicitly classified.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes mechanistic evidence concerning A new era of doping? 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DESIGN: The study design was two randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, …","authors":"Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, Gagnon C, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA.","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2005-1536","pubmedId":"16352683","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted corpus expansion authorized by owner on 2026-09-08. 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Evidence for the single agent must be separated from evidence for the combination.","evidenceQualitySummary":"WPF’s existing atlas includes systematic reviews and network meta-analyses comparing cagrilintide, CagriSema, semaglutide, and other interventions. These syntheses pose different questions and may combine heterogeneous trials; a title or indirect comparison is not proof of relative superiority.","safetyConcernsSummary":"No published source-linked citation or jurisdiction-specific regulatory record has been promoted into this Directory entry. Combined-treatment results cannot be attributed to cagrilintide alone, and follow-up duration and safety outcomes need separate appraisal.","archiveSummaryNote":"WPF's separate observational archive may include contributor reports concerning cagrilintide, whether used alone or as part of a combination such as CagriSema. As with every entry in that archive, these de-identified reports can suggest questions but cannot establish causation, efficacy, comparative safety, or event frequency, and single-agent reports should not be conflated with combination-use reports.","openQuestionsText":"Which direct randomized data isolate cagrilintide’s effect? How do combination results differ from single-agent results across dose and population? What is known about durability and safety beyond the studied follow-up?","active":true,"createdAt":"2026-08-27T06:13:56.687Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:29.066Z","entityClass":"peptide_analog","entityClassSource":"inferred","entityClassReviewed":false,"entityClassReviewedBy":null,"entityClassReviewedAt":null,"registryStatus":"canonical","registryTier":"flagship","acquisitionEnabled":true,"publicationState":"published","editorialState":"published","chemistry":{"id":"4beb492b-cff1-4e40-bcfc-18ffd53c340c","peptideId":"b50ca8bf-29aa-48fe-afa3-d5301cbe7c08","molecularFormula":"C194H312N54O59S2","molecularWeight":4409,"aminoAcidSequence":null,"smiles":null,"inchi":"InChI=1S/C194H312N54O59S2/c1-19-100(10)151(184(298)233-128(78-98(6)7)189(303)248-75-49-60-137(248)190(304)247-74-48-59-136(247)182(296)243-155(107(17)255)187(301)232-127(86-143(201)262)173(287)238-150(99(8)9)183(297)210-88-146(265)218-129(90-249)176(290)230-126(85-142(200)261)175(289)244-156(108(18)256)191(305)246-73-46-57-134(246)157(202)271)239-181(295)135-58-47-72-245(135)147(266)89-211-161(275)120(79-109-50-36-34-37-51-109)225-171(285)123(82-139(197)258)228-172(286)124(83-140(198)259)229-177(291)130(91-250)235-178(292)131(92-251)234-170(284)122(81-111-87-207-95-212-111)227-164(278)114(56-45-71-209-194(205)206)221-168(282)119(77-97(4)5)224-169(283)121(80-110-52-38-35-39-53-110)226-166(280)116(65-68-149(269)270)219-158(272)101(11)213-167(281)118(76-96(2)3)223-163(277)113(55-44-70-208-193(203)204)220-165(279)115(63-66-138(196)257)222-186(300)153(105(15)253)240-159(273)102(12)214-179(293)132-93-308-309-94-133(180(294)231-125(84-141(199)260)174(288)242-152(104(14)252)185(299)215-103(13)160(274)241-154(106(16)254)188(302)237-132)236-162(276)112(54-42-43-69-195)216-145(264)67-64-117(192(306)307)217-144(263)61-40-32-30-28-26-24-22-20-21-23-25-27-29-31-33-41-62-148(267)268/h34-39,50-53,87,95-108,112-137,150-156,249-256H,19-33,40-49,54-86,88-94,195H2,1-18H3,(H2,196,257)(H2,197,258)(H2,198,259)(H2,199,260)(H2,200,261)(H2,201,262)(H2,202,271)(H,207,212)(H,210,297)(H,211,275)(H,213,281)(H,214,293)(H,215,299)(H,216,264)(H,217,263)(H,218,265)(H,219,272)(H,220,279)(H,221,282)(H,222,300)(H,223,277)(H,224,283)(H,225,285)(H,226,280)(H,227,278)(H,228,286)(H,229,291)(H,230,290)(H,231,294)(H,232,301)(H,233,298)(H,234,284)(H,235,292)(H,236,276)(H,237,302)(H,238,287)(H,239,295)(H,240,273)(H,241,274)(H,242,288)(H,243,296)(H,244,289)(H,267,268)(H,269,270)(H,306,307)(H4,203,204,208)(H4,205,206,209)/t100-,101-,102-,103-,104+,105+,106+,107+,108+,112-,113-,114-,115-,116-,117-,118-,119-,120-,121-,122-,123+,124-,125-,126-,127-,128-,129-,130-,131-,132-,133-,134-,135-,136-,137-,150-,151-,152-,153-,154-,155-,156-/m0/s1","inchikey":"LDERDVMBIYGIOI-DDPFBLHVSA-N","structureImageUrl":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:36:53.717Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T02:36:53.717Z"},"citations":[{"id":"1143b006-9388-4fb1-844c-f5828607a68b","peptideId":"b50ca8bf-29aa-48fe-afa3-d5301cbe7c08","title":"Coadministered Cagrilintide and Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40544433/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Directly concerns the combination in adults with overweight or obesity; does not isolate cagrilintide alone.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa2502081","pubmedId":"40544433","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Upgraded from an entered/unverified draft to a content-verified citation. Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=93, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: WPF seed. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This publication addresses Cagrilintide in the specific setting identified in its title.","supportNature":"Screened source-level context; specific outcomes and evidence tier await appraisal.","qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1056/nejmoa2502081","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:12:07.891Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:29.141Z"},{"id":"0136ca1e-b813-4ba7-b9e5-ab6e5a4b95b3","peptideId":"b50ca8bf-29aa-48fe-afa3-d5301cbe7c08","title":"Cagrilintide-Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41259764/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Cagrilintide: \"Cagrilintide-Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1056/nejmc2513141","pubmedId":"41259764","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: Read directly: trial report specifically about cagrilintide-semaglutide; not yet MEDLINE-indexed.. Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1056/nejmc2513141","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T23:11:34.745Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:29.141Z"},{"id":"7a4f07a8-ba41-446d-ac98-2c1662f896a1","peptideId":"b50ca8bf-29aa-48fe-afa3-d5301cbe7c08","title":"Cellular loci for cagrilintide action identified.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42260118/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Cagrilintide: \"Cellular loci for cagrilintide action identified.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1038/s42255-026-01541-9","pubmedId":"42260118","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: Read directly: mechanism report specifically about cagrilintide; not yet MEDLINE-indexed.. Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s42255-026-01541-9","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T23:11:34.842Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:29.141Z"},{"id":"4853960f-740c-48a9-960e-45b03669c989","peptideId":"b50ca8bf-29aa-48fe-afa3-d5301cbe7c08","title":"Cagrilintide plus semaglutide for obesity management.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33894837/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Cagrilintide: \"Cagrilintide plus semaglutide for obesity management.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00944-2","pubmedId":"33894837","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"cagrilintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00944-2","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:19.640Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:29.141Z"},{"id":"a6034008-20c4-4cf3-8ba3-4b30c561c4f8","peptideId":"b50ca8bf-29aa-48fe-afa3-d5301cbe7c08","title":"Cagrilintide and retatrutide combination therapy enhances weight loss and metabolic outcomes in obese male rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42744908/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Cagrilintide: \"Cagrilintide and retatrutide combination therapy enhances weight loss and metabolic outcomes in obese male rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Peptide multi-receptor agonists have advanced obesity treatment, yet challenges remain in achieving maximal weight loss and metabolic control, especially in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Here we demonstrate enhanced metabolic benefits of a combination therapy with retatrutide, a unimolecular GLP-1R/GIPR/GCGR tri-agonist, and cagrilintide, an AMLNR/CALCR co-agonist, in diet-induced obe","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1038/s42255-026-01603-y","pubmedId":"42744908","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: Read directly: abstract confirms cagrilintide is a primary subject of this combination study; not yet MEDLINE-indexed.. Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s42255-026-01603-y","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T23:11:34.344Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:29.141Z"},{"id":"beef6eb4-7519-4c49-ab6d-5dd519799985","peptideId":"b50ca8bf-29aa-48fe-afa3-d5301cbe7c08","title":"Cagrilintide-semaglutide: a new option for patients with type 2 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42251858/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Cagrilintide: \"Cagrilintide-semaglutide: a new option for patients with type 2 diabetes.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00129-4","pubmedId":"42251858","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: Read directly: brief clinical commentary specifically about cagrilintide-semaglutide; not yet MEDLINE-indexed.. Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00129-4","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T23:11:34.669Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:29.141Z"},{"id":"ead8299c-7f2a-4ebe-8834-55a181b48d1b","peptideId":"b50ca8bf-29aa-48fe-afa3-d5301cbe7c08","title":"In adults with overweight or obesity, weekly subcutaneous cagrilintide-semaglutide increased weight loss at 68 wk.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41052437/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Cagrilintide: \"In adults with overweight or obesity, weekly subcutaneous cagrilintide-semaglutide increased weight loss at 68 wk.\" Abstract excerpt: GIM/FP/GP: [Formula: see text].","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.7326/annals-25-03745-jc","pubmedId":"41052437","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: Read directly: journal-club-style synopsis of a specific cagrilintide-semaglutide trial result; not yet MEDLINE-indexed.. Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.7326/annals-25-03745-jc","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T23:11:34.918Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:29.141Z"},{"id":"2c7c630a-9895-4264-90c1-07d68838e414","peptideId":"b50ca8bf-29aa-48fe-afa3-d5301cbe7c08","title":"Cagrilintide-semaglutide (CagriSema) as an add-on to basal insulin in adults with type 2 diabetes (REIMAGINE 3): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3 study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42251856/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Cagrilintide: \"Cagrilintide-semaglutide (CagriSema) as an add-on to basal insulin in adults with type 2 diabetes (REIMAGINE 3): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3 study.\" Abstract excerpt: Basal insulin treatment for type 2 diabetes often results in inadequate glycaemic control and is associated with weight gain and increased risk of hypoglycaemia. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of a once per week combination of cagrilintide with semaglutide (CagriSema) versus placebo as an add-on to basal insulin in individuals with type 2 diabetes. This double-blind, parallel-group, r","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(26)01022-6","pubmedId":"42251856","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=240, totalMentions=17). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(26)01022-6","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:47.343Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:29.141Z"},{"id":"85e58509-168e-4227-baa5-16cd8947a283","peptideId":"b50ca8bf-29aa-48fe-afa3-d5301cbe7c08","title":"Cagrilintide-semaglutide (CagriSema) versus semaglutide or cagrilintide in people with type 2 diabetes (REIMAGINE 2): a double-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 3 study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42251859/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Cagrilintide: \"Cagrilintide-semaglutide (CagriSema) versus semaglutide or cagrilintide in people with type 2 diabetes (REIMAGINE 2): a double-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 3 study.\" Abstract excerpt: The amylin receptor agonist cagrilintide and the GLP-1 receptor agonist semaglutide have complementary effects on glycaemic control and bodyweight. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of a fixed-dose combination of cagrilintide and semaglutide (cagrilintide-semaglutide; known as CagriSema) versus semaglutide or cagrilintide for glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes and overw","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00125-7","pubmedId":"42251859","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=28, totalMentions=21). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00125-7","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:47.418Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:29.141Z"},{"id":"15017b90-ea6a-4db5-9ca4-d0d6ed6e2881","peptideId":"b50ca8bf-29aa-48fe-afa3-d5301cbe7c08","title":"Cagrilintide is not associated with clinically relevant QTc prolongation: A thorough QT study in healthy participants.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39279639/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Cagrilintide: \"Cagrilintide is not associated with clinically relevant QTc prolongation: A thorough QT study in healthy participants.\" Abstract excerpt: The combination of cagrilintide and semaglutide (CagriSema) is being developed for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The objective of this thorough QT study was to confirm that cagrilintide does not result in a clinically relevant prolongation in cardiac repolarization compared with placebo. This was a double-blind study (NCT05804162) in which healthy participants were randomized to ca","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1111/dom.15951","pubmedId":"39279639","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=19, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/dom.15951","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:47.490Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:29.141Z"},{"id":"7dde64d5-f6b8-43a1-86fc-4343576197bd","peptideId":"b50ca8bf-29aa-48fe-afa3-d5301cbe7c08","title":"Cagrilintide-Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40544432/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Cagrilintide: \"Cagrilintide-Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Cagrilintide and semaglutide have each been shown to induce weight loss as monotherapies. Data are needed on the coadministration of cagrilintide and semaglutide (called CagriSema) for weight management in adults with type 2 diabetes, including those in a subgroup who are undergoing continuous glucose monitoring. In this phase 3a, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial conducted in 12 ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa2502082","pubmedId":"40544432","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: WPF seed. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1056/nejmoa2502082","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:47.563Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:29.141Z"},{"id":"424f1afe-d94a-49c8-a233-759bdf408851","peptideId":"b50ca8bf-29aa-48fe-afa3-d5301cbe7c08","title":"Cagrilintide: A Long-Acting Amylin Analog for the Treatment of Obesity.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36883831/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Cagrilintide: \"Cagrilintide: A Long-Acting Amylin Analog for the Treatment of Obesity.\" Abstract excerpt: Despite the worldwide epidemic of obesity, there remain few approved pharmacological treatment options to bridge the gap between lifestyle therapy and bariatric surgery. Cagrilintide is an amylin-analog, now being developed in combination with the GLP-1 agonist semaglutide to achieve sustained weight loss in persons with overweight and obesity. Amylin, released with insulin from beta cells in the ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1097/CRD.0000000000000513","pubmedId":"36883831","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=170, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: WPF seed. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/crd.0000000000000513","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:47.634Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:29.141Z"},{"id":"4edec209-6409-4f5a-b7aa-2f820ff4cebc","peptideId":"b50ca8bf-29aa-48fe-afa3-d5301cbe7c08","title":"Cagrilintide and CagriSema for weight reduction and metabolic risk modification in overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42180166/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Cagrilintide: \"Cagrilintide and CagriSema for weight reduction and metabolic risk modification in overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.\" Abstract excerpt: Obesity is a global health challenge associated with substantial cardiometabolic morbidity. Cagrilintide, a long-acting amylin analogue, alone or in combination with semaglutide (CagriSema), has emerged as a novel pharmacologic strategy for weight management. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cagrilintide-based therapies in adults with overwe","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s40200-026-01942-3","pubmedId":"42180166","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=92, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s40200-026-01942-3","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:47.707Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:29.141Z"},{"id":"e0f1f840-cb84-4b17-bb95-c7f489c7406c","peptideId":"b50ca8bf-29aa-48fe-afa3-d5301cbe7c08","title":"Once-weekly cagrilintide for weight management in people with overweight and obesity: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled and active-controlled, dose-finding phase 2 trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34798060/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Cagrilintide: \"Once-weekly cagrilintide for weight management in people with overweight and obesity: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled and active-controlled, dose-finding phase 2 trial.\" Abstract excerpt: Natural amylin is a pancreatic hormone that induces satiety. Cagrilintide is a long-acting amylin analogue under investigation for weight management. We assessed the dose-response relationship of cagrilintide regarding the effects on bodyweight, safety, and tolerability. We conducted a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled and active-controlled, dose-finding phase 2 trial at 57","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01751-7","pubmedId":"34798060","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=61, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01751-7","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:47.786Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:29.141Z"},{"id":"d281af9e-5ee5-4321-bf77-061f77a26d4c","peptideId":"b50ca8bf-29aa-48fe-afa3-d5301cbe7c08","title":"Efficacy and Safety of Cagrilintide and Cagrisema Versus Semaglutide as Anti-Obesity Medications: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41834765/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Cagrilintide: \"Efficacy and Safety of Cagrilintide and Cagrisema Versus Semaglutide as Anti-Obesity Medications: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression.\" Abstract excerpt: Obesity is a complex chronic disease requiring effective long-term management. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cagrisema and cagrilintide monotherapy compared with semaglutide in individuals with obesity. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov for randomized controlled trials accessing cagrisema or cagrilintid","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/dom.70667","pubmedId":"41834765","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=183, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/dom.70667","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:47.860Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:29.141Z"},{"id":"18ce3838-6b15-4114-85b1-b577ee62d7c3","peptideId":"b50ca8bf-29aa-48fe-afa3-d5301cbe7c08","title":"Efficacy and Safety of Cagrilintide Alone and in Combination with Semaglutide (Cagrisema) as Anti-Obesity Medications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39676787/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Cagrilintide: \"Efficacy and Safety of Cagrilintide Alone and in Combination with Semaglutide (Cagrisema) as Anti-Obesity Medications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.\" Abstract excerpt: No meta-analysis has analysed role of cagrilintide as weight-loss medication in obese individuals. Electronic databases were searched for RCTs involving obese individuals receiving cagrilintide or cagrilintide-2.4 mg with semaglutide-2.4 mg combination (Cagrisema) compared to placebo/active comparator. Primary outcomes were changes in body weight; secondary outcomes were alterations in glycemia, l","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_45_24","pubmedId":"39676787","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=38, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: WPF seed. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.4103/ijem.ijem_45_24","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:47.930Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:29.141Z"},{"id":"71575b51-81e4-489b-a66f-75267128667b","peptideId":"b50ca8bf-29aa-48fe-afa3-d5301cbe7c08","title":"Efficacy and safety of once-weekly cagrilintide-semaglutide (CagriSema) in adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on diet and exercise (REIMAGINE 1): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3a study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42251860/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Cagrilintide: \"Efficacy and safety of once-weekly cagrilintide-semaglutide (CagriSema) in adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on diet and exercise (REIMAGINE 1): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3a study.\" Abstract excerpt: Cagrilintide-semaglutide (CagriSema) is a novel, once-weekly combination of the amylin receptor agonist cagrilintide and the GLP-1 receptor agonist semaglutide. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of cagrilintide-semaglutide for people with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with diet and exercise. REIMAGINE 1 was a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, phase 3a study carried out a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00126-9","pubmedId":"42251860","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=21). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00126-9","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:48.003Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:29.141Z"},{"id":"164836d4-f398-4963-8292-112198e6b081","peptideId":"b50ca8bf-29aa-48fe-afa3-d5301cbe7c08","title":"Efficacy and safety of co-administered cagrilintide and semaglutide versus semaglutide alone in adults with overweight or obesity with or without type 2 diabetes in Japan and Taiwan (REDEFINE 5): a multicentre, randomised, active-controlled, phase 3a trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42009015/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Cagrilintide: \"Efficacy and safety of co-administered cagrilintide and semaglutide versus semaglutide alone in adults with overweight or obesity with or without type 2 diabetes in Japan and Taiwan (REDEFINE 5): a multicentre, randomised, active-controlled, phase 3a trial.\" Abstract excerpt: The combination of cagrilintide and semaglutide has been shown in global studies to induce reductions in bodyweight. We assessed the efficacy and safety of a fixed-dose combination of cagrilintide 2&#xb7;4 mg and semaglutide 2&#xb7;4 mg versus semaglutide 2&#xb7;4 mg for weight management in an east Asian population. This double-blind, parallel-group, phase 3a trial (REDEFINE 5) was conducted acro","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(25)00402-4","pubmedId":"42009015","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=19, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(25)00402-4","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:48.092Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:29.141Z"},{"id":"58956942-3e03-44fa-ba50-0ad603255518","peptideId":"b50ca8bf-29aa-48fe-afa3-d5301cbe7c08","title":"Amylin-based obesity therapy: a meta-analysis of Cagrilintide and CagriSema versus placebo.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42583410/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Cagrilintide: \"Amylin-based obesity therapy: a meta-analysis of Cagrilintide and CagriSema versus placebo.\" Abstract excerpt: Obesity remains a major global health challenge, driving demand for effective pharmacotherapies. Cagrilintide, a once-weekly amylin receptor agonist, and its fixed-dose combination with semaglutide (CagriSema) represent novel therapeutic approaches. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated their efficacy and safety in adults with overweight or obesity. Four databases were searched from i","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1097/ms9.0000000000005353","pubmedId":"42583410","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=97, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/ms9.0000000000005353","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:48.164Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:29.141Z"},{"id":"1c16339a-2315-46bb-af1e-9ef86ae1d802","peptideId":"b50ca8bf-29aa-48fe-afa3-d5301cbe7c08","title":"Efficacy and safety of co-administered once-weekly cagrilintide 2·4 mg with once-weekly semaglutide 2·4 mg in type 2 diabetes: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, phase 2 trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37364590/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Cagrilintide: \"Efficacy and safety of co-administered once-weekly cagrilintide 2·4 mg with once-weekly semaglutide 2·4 mg in type 2 diabetes: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, phase 2 trial.\" Abstract excerpt: Combining the GLP-1 receptor agonist semaglutide with the long-acting amylin analogue cagrilintide has weight-loss benefits; the impact on glycated haemoglobin (HbA 1c ) is unknown. This trial assessed the efficacy and safety of co-administered semaglutide with cagrilintide (CagriSema) in participants with type 2 diabetes. This 32-week, multicentre, double-blind, phase 2 trial was conducted across","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01163-7","pubmedId":"37364590","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=86, totalMentions=14). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01163-7","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:48.281Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:29.141Z"},{"id":"529020aa-9529-4576-9eb9-7a15bf2ef78e","peptideId":"b50ca8bf-29aa-48fe-afa3-d5301cbe7c08","title":"A cross-species atlas of the dorsal vagal complex reveals neural mediators of the effects of cagrilintide on energy balance.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42260119/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Cagrilintide: \"A cross-species atlas of the dorsal vagal complex reveals neural mediators of the effects of cagrilintide on energy balance.\" Abstract excerpt: Amylin receptor agonists such as cagrilintide represent emerging obesity therapies. To understand mediators of cagrilintide action, we generated a transcriptomics atlas of over 530,000 cells comprising 80 neuronal cell populations across rat, mouse and macaque caudal brainstem, with spatial profiling to map distribution in the rat dorsal vagal complex (DVC). Here we show that cagrilintide regulate","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1038/s42255-026-01539-3","pubmedId":"42260119","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=33, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s42255-026-01539-3","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:48.398Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:29.141Z"},{"id":"a10d8c95-4212-4f1b-92b0-09221d5a8e2c","peptideId":"b50ca8bf-29aa-48fe-afa3-d5301cbe7c08","title":"Renal or Hepatic Impairment Does Not Affect Pharmacokinetics, Safety, or Tolerability of Subcutaneous Cagrilintide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42228334/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Cagrilintide: \"Renal or Hepatic Impairment Does Not Affect Pharmacokinetics, Safety, or Tolerability of Subcutaneous Cagrilintide.\" Abstract excerpt: Cagrilintide is a long-acting amylin agonist under development as monotherapy for weight management and as a fixed-dose combination with the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist semaglutide (CagriSema) for weight management and treatment of type 2 diabetes. Two studies were conducted to assess the effects of renal or hepatic impairment on pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability following sin","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s40262-026-01654-0","pubmedId":"42228334","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s40262-026-01654-0","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:48.471Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:29.141Z"},{"id":"21f05054-2b4c-435f-b1d1-0f2472b65741","peptideId":"b50ca8bf-29aa-48fe-afa3-d5301cbe7c08","title":"Does receptor balance matter? - Comparing the efficacies of the dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonists cagrilintide and KBP-336 on metabolic parameters in preclinical models.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36242844/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Cagrilintide: \"Does receptor balance matter? - Comparing the efficacies of the dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonists cagrilintide and KBP-336 on metabolic parameters in preclinical models.\" Abstract excerpt: Cagrilintide is a novel long-acting amylin receptor agonist, which has shown a potent induction of weight loss. Interestingly, cagrilintide is a Dual Amylin and Calcitonin Receptor Agonist (DACRA) derived from an amylin backbone. Another class of long-acting DACRAs exists, namely the KBPs. These are salmon calcitonin-based and have shown preclinical potential; however, how and if they differentiat","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113842","pubmedId":"36242844","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113842","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:48.542Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:29.141Z"},{"id":"a76fba01-f82f-4ad2-9663-5f070637f142","peptideId":"b50ca8bf-29aa-48fe-afa3-d5301cbe7c08","title":"Characterization of 0839 - A tool compound for pre-clinical mode-of-action studies of amylin analogues such as cagrilintide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40628316/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Cagrilintide: \"Characterization of 0839 - A tool compound for pre-clinical mode-of-action studies of amylin analogues such as cagrilintide.\" Abstract excerpt: Cagrilintide (also known as 0833) is an amylin and calcitonin receptor agonist in clinical development for weight management and type-2-diabetes in a fixed-dose combination with semaglutide. Here, we introduce 0174-0839 (0839) as a tool compound for mouse and rat in vivo and in vitro studies of amylin analogues such as cagrilintide. Structurally, 0839 shares 95&#xa0;% sequence homology with 0833 a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.lfs.2025.123845","pubmedId":"40628316","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2025.123845","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:48.616Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:29.141Z"},{"id":"54d11dd9-90f7-49d7-a5c1-8b4fb839fa69","peptideId":"b50ca8bf-29aa-48fe-afa3-d5301cbe7c08","title":"Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of concomitant administration of multiple doses of cagrilintide with semaglutide 2·4 mg for weight management: a randomised, controlled, phase 1b trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33894838/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Cagrilintide: \"Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of concomitant administration of multiple doses of cagrilintide with semaglutide 2·4 mg for weight management: a randomised, controlled, phase 1b trial.\" Abstract excerpt: Cagrilintide, a long-acting amylin analogue, and semaglutide 2&#xb7;4 mg, a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, are both being investigated as options for weight management. We aimed to determine the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of this drug combination. In this randomised, placebo-controlled, multiple-ascending dose, phase 1b trial, individuals aged 18-55 years with ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00845-x","pubmedId":"33894838","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=20). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00845-x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:48.733Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:29.141Z"},{"id":"81e65c0b-b3e1-494f-87dc-abcb7b0939db","peptideId":"b50ca8bf-29aa-48fe-afa3-d5301cbe7c08","title":"Development of Cagrilintide, a Long-Acting Amylin Analogue.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34288673/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Cagrilintide: \"Development of Cagrilintide, a Long-Acting Amylin Analogue.\" Abstract excerpt: A hallmark of the pancreatic hormone amylin is its high propensity toward the formation of amyloid fibrils, which makes it a challenging drug design effort. The amylin analogue pramlintide is commercially available for diabetes treatment as an adjunct to insulin therapy but requires three daily injections due to its short half-life. We report here the development of the stable, lipidated long-acti","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00565","pubmedId":"34288673","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"cagrilintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00565","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:19.717Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:29.141Z"}],"regulatoryStatuses":[{"id":"27e5d727-b171-48cd-b4c2-a5c703b871e9","peptideId":"b50ca8bf-29aa-48fe-afa3-d5301cbe7c08","jurisdiction":"United States — FDA","status":"not_approved","approvedIndication":null,"rationale":"No FDA-approved product containing cagrilintide was identified in the FDA Drugs@FDA database as of 2026-09-23. Cagrilintide remains investigational, including in combination with semaglutide (CagriSema), and has not completed FDA marketing review. Absence of a record in this search is not proof that no authorization exists under a different product name or application. Status remains product- and date-specific.","sourceTitle":"FDA Drugs@FDA database","sourceUrl":"https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/","dateChecked":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewDueAt":"2026-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","enteredById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","publicationStatus":"published","factualObservationId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:42:18.242Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:29.220Z"},{"id":"53cbba17-290e-4b3f-a6a3-d6c6f12a34b8","peptideId":"b50ca8bf-29aa-48fe-afa3-d5301cbe7c08","jurisdiction":"European Union — EMA","status":"not_approved","approvedIndication":null,"rationale":"No centrally authorized EMA medicine containing cagrilintide was identified in the EMA medicines database as of 2026-09-23. Cagrilintide remains investigational and has not completed EU marketing review. Absence of a record in this search is not proof that no authorization exists via another regulatory pathway (e.g. national member-state authorization outside the centralized procedure). Status remains jurisdiction-, product-, and date-specific.","sourceTitle":"European Medicines Agency medicines database","sourceUrl":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines","dateChecked":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewDueAt":"2026-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","enteredById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","publicationStatus":"published","factualObservationId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:42:18.330Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:29.220Z"}]},{"id":"e1f11a92-3217-4c15-9e09-fb96245c18f7","slug":"carbetocin","commonName":"Carbetocin","alternativeNames":[],"category":"Oxytocin analog","mechanismSummary":"Carbetocin is a synthetic long-acting oxytocin analog and agonist at the oxytocin receptor. Structural changes—including a thioether bridge and O-methyltyrosine substitution—slow enzymatic degradation relative to oxytocin. In obstetric use it stimulates uterine smooth-muscle contraction after delivery; authorization, route, dose, and eligible population remain product- and jurisdiction-specific. Intranasal developmental research in Prader–Willi syndrome is a distinct investigational context and is not evidence of an obstetric product’s authorization for that use.","evidenceQualitySummary":"The governed corpus contains the large heat-stable-carbetocin vaginal-birth trial, randomized cesarean and vaginal-delivery comparisons, dose and cardiovascular-safety studies, high- and low-risk subgroup syntheses, Cochrane and network meta-analyses, and a separately labeled Prader–Willi trial. All 25 source identities, titles, authorship, publication metadata, DOI/PMID links, molecule relevance, active status, and duplication were checked against PubMed. Evidence grading remains provisional pending Owner review, and meta-analyses are not treated as independent replications of their component trials.","safetyConcernsSummary":"Trials vary in postpartum-haemorrhage thresholds, cesarean urgency, uterotonic regimens, anaesthetic context, and ascertainment of nausea, hypotension, tachycardia, myocardial markers, and other adverse effects. Rare harms and uncommon high-risk obstetric situations are not fully resolved by existing trials. Results from heat-stable formulations or one administration route may not transfer to another. Current regulated labeling and obstetric protocols—not this profile—control contraindications, monitoring, and use.","archiveSummaryNote":"Across obstetric trials, prophylactic carbetocin has been compared chiefly with oxytocin and other uterotonics for postpartum-haemorrhage prevention and need for additional uterotonics. Results depend on delivery route, baseline haemorrhage risk, comparator dose and stability, outcome definition, and care setting. The archive separately represents efficacy, adverse effects, cardiac-repolarization/troponin research, heat-stable formulation evidence, and the non-obstetric intranasal research program. It does not collapse those indications or formulations into one claim.","openQuestionsText":"Which women and delivery settings obtain a clinically meaningful advantage over appropriately stored oxytocin? How do heat-stable products perform across low-resource health systems under routine conditions? What dosing best balances uterine effect and cardiovascular adverse events in high-risk cesarean delivery? Which postpartum-haemorrhage definitions and core outcomes should future trials share? Do pharmacogenomic or receptor-level differences predict response? What efficacy and safety conclusions, if any, emerge from larger non-obstetric intranasal programs without being extrapolated from obstetric evidence?","active":true,"createdAt":"2026-08-27T06:13:56.687Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-20T22:47:37.008Z","entityClass":"peptide_analog","entityClassSource":"human_reviewed","entityClassReviewed":true,"entityClassReviewedBy":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","entityClassReviewedAt":"2026-09-20T22:47:37.008Z","registryStatus":"canonical","registryTier":"flagship","acquisitionEnabled":true,"publicationState":"published","editorialState":"published","chemistry":{"id":"6ea16ae737ca63d4e49994b77b5d189e","peptideId":"e1f11a92-3217-4c15-9e09-fb96245c18f7","molecularFormula":"C45H69N11O12S","molecularWeight":988.2,"aminoAcidSequence":"1-deamino-1-monocarba-2-(O-methyltyrosine)-oxytocin; cyclic thioether oxytocin analog","smiles":"CC[C@H](C)[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CSCCCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)CC2=CC=C(C=C2)OC)C(=O)N3CCC[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N)CC(=O)N)CCC(=O)N","inchi":"InChI=1S/C45H69N11O12S/c1-6-25(4)38-44(66)51-28(15-16-34(46)57)40(62)52-31(21-35(47)58)41(63)54-32(23-69-18-8-10-37(60)50-30(42(64)55-38)20-26-11-13-27(68-5)14-12-26)45(67)56-17-7-9-33(56)43(65)53-29(19-24(2)3)39(61)49-22-36(48)59/h11-14,24-25,28-33,38H,6-10,15-23H2,1-5H3,(H2,46,57)(H2,47,58)(H2,48,59)(H,49,61)(H,50,60)(H,51,66)(H,52,62)(H,53,65)(H,54,63)(H,55,64)/t25-,28-,29-,30-,31-,32-,33-,38-/m0/s1","inchikey":"NSTRIRCPWQHTIA-DTRKZRJBSA-N","structureImageUrl":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/16681432/PNG","createdAt":"2026-09-09T22:24:51.058Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T22:24:51.058Z"},"citations":[{"id":"413d39ae9e946b5ca319040460d9210d","peptideId":"e1f11a92-3217-4c15-9e09-fb96245c18f7","title":"Heat-Stable Carbetocin versus Oxytocin to Prevent Hemorrhage after Vaginal Birth.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29949473/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"Postpartum hemorrhage is the most common cause of maternal death.","authors":"Mariana Widmer, Gilda Piaggio, Thi M H Nguyen, Alfred Osoti, Olorunfemi O Owa, Sujata Misra, Arri Coomarasamy, Hany Abdel-Aleem, Ashalata A Mallapur, Zahida Qureshi, Pisake Lumbiganon, Archana B Patel","publishingOrg":"The New England journal of medicine","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa1805489","pubmedId":"29949473","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T22:20:33.332Z","editorialNotes":"Identity and metadata verified against the NCBI PubMed record; 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WPF organizes its research by formulation, type 2 diabetes outcomes, comparative studies, safety and tolerability, and other investigated questions. Formulation and dosing schedules differ across studies, so results from one preparation or population should not automatically be generalized to another.","evidenceQualitySummary":"WPF already displays a deduplicated Exenatide research atlas with ranked source records and a separate set of directly attributable studies. The featured set includes a cardiovascular outcomes trial in type 2 diabetes (PMID 28910237), a randomized comparison with semaglutide extended-release exenatide (PMID 29246950), and a trial in alcohol use disorder (PMID 36066977). These address different questions; the latter must not be described as establishing treatment benefit from the brief source excerpt alone. 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How do direct randomized comparisons differ from indirect or GLP-1 class-level claims? Which long-term and safety outcomes have adequate controlled evidence, and which reported effects remain uncertain? Answers require source-level appraisal with explicit limitations.","active":true,"createdAt":"2026-08-27T06:13:56.687Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T01:45:43.532Z","entityClass":"peptide_analog","entityClassSource":"inferred","entityClassReviewed":false,"entityClassReviewedBy":null,"entityClassReviewedAt":null,"registryStatus":"canonical","registryTier":"flagship","acquisitionEnabled":true,"publicationState":"published","editorialState":"published","chemistry":null,"citations":[],"regulatoryStatuses":[]},{"id":"82d07ce3-167f-4019-b4f2-d802b3cba338","slug":"ghk-cu","commonName":"GHK-Cu","alternativeNames":["Copper tripeptide-1","Gly-His-Lys copper complex","GHK copper","Prezatide copper"],"category":"Endogenous copper-binding peptide complex","mechanismSummary":"GHK-Cu is the copper(II) complex of the endogenous tripeptide glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine. It binds copper and has been studied in copper handling, extracellular-matrix remodeling, fibroblast activity, inflammatory signaling, antioxidant responses, and wound repair. Effects are formulation-, concentration-, route-, and model-dependent.","evidenceQualitySummary":"The archive is rich in biochemical, cell, gene-expression, and animal work but sparse in rigorous human trials. Small or incompletely reported topical cosmetic studies provide signals, not proof. Preclinical findings do not validate injectable, systemic, anti-aging, hair-growth, or disease-treatment claims.","safetyConcernsSummary":"Topical cosmetic use does not establish the safety of compounded, injected, intranasal, or systemic GHK-Cu. Purity, copper content, sterility, dose, route, local reactions, sensitization, systemic copper exposure, interactions, and long-term safety remain important uncertainties.","archiveSummaryNote":"Governed corpus covering chemical identity, discovery, copper-binding mechanisms, skin-regeneration synthesis, gene-expression hypotheses, and animal wound models, with evidence lanes kept separate.","openQuestionsText":"Independent randomized human trials; standardized formulations; dose-response and tissue pharmacokinetics; long-term topical safety; systemic or injectable safety; reproducibility of gene-expression claims; and meaningful wound, skin, or hair outcomes.","active":true,"createdAt":"2026-08-18T17:25:09.603Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T00:26:17.447Z","entityClass":"peptide_conjugate","entityClassSource":"human_reviewed","entityClassReviewed":true,"entityClassReviewedBy":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","entityClassReviewedAt":"2026-09-09T00:26:17.447Z","registryStatus":"canonical","registryTier":null,"acquisitionEnabled":true,"publicationState":"published","editorialState":"published","chemistry":{"id":"572dbd18d0b617edd3c1ede869d10e14","peptideId":"82d07ce3-167f-4019-b4f2-d802b3cba338","molecularFormula":"C14H22CuN6O4","molecularWeight":401.91,"aminoAcidSequence":"Gly-His-Lys","smiles":"C1=C(NC=N1)CC(C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)O)NC(=O)CN.[Cu]","inchi":"1S/C14H24N6O4.Cu/c15-4-2-1-3-10(14(23)24)20-13(22)11(19-12(21)6-16)5-9-7-17-8-18-9;/h7-8,10-11H,1-6,15-16H2,(H,17,18)(H,19,21)(H,20,22)(H,23,24);","inchikey":"DIWZQABMLHSNJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N","structureImageUrl":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/image/imgsrv.fcgi?cid=378611&t=l","createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:31:47.338Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:31:47.338Z"},"citations":[{"id":"8fed56b6668438829860683f89502221","peptideId":"82d07ce3-167f-4019-b4f2-d802b3cba338","title":"Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ (GHK-Cu) Attenuates CuSO4 or LPS induced-inflammation in Zebrafish larvae model.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41997403/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Inflammation serves as a basic defense mechanism against both internal and external threats, while the unresolved or excessive inflammation can lead to irreversible tissue damage. Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ (GHK-Cu), a bioactive tripeptide complex known for its anti-aging and tissue repair properties, is extensively utilized in dermatological and hair care formulations. However, the role of GHK-Cu in regulating inflammation is less known. In this study, we explored the anti-inflammatory effects of GHK-Cu against the acute inflammation induced by copper sulfate (CuSO4) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in zebrafish larvae. GHK-Cu notably decreased the migration of neutrophils and...","authors":"Jing Hu, Chao Zhang, Feifei Wang","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.ejphar.2026.178880","pubmedId":"41997403","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes animal_in_vivo evidence concerning Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ (GHK-Cu) Attenuates CuSO4 or LPS induced-inflammation in Zebrafish larvae model.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Preclinical or mechanistic evidence does not establish human clinical efficacy, safe dose, route, or long-term safety.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2026.178880","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:ghk-cu:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"animal_in_vivo","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Preclinical or mechanistic evidence does not establish human clinical efficacy, safe dose, route, or long-term safety."],"studyDesign":"Preclinical experimental study","sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","score":65,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1016/j.ejphar.2026.178880","pmid":"41997403","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"6f128665d6d60f44cc4ff985650df5c5","peptideId":"82d07ce3-167f-4019-b4f2-d802b3cba338","title":"Stimulation of collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3169264/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine (GHK) is a tripeptide with affinity for copper(II) ions and was isolated from human plasma. This peptide appears to play a physiological role in wound healing. We report the stimulating effect of GHK-Cu on collagen synthesis by fibroblasts. The stimulation began between 10(-12) and 10(-11) M, maximized at 10(-9) M, and was independent of any change in cell number. The presence of a GHK triplet in the alpha 2(I) chain of type I collagen suggests that the tripeptide might be liberated by proteases at the site of a wound and exert in situ healing effects.","authors":"F X Maquart, L Pickart, M Laurent, P Gillery, J C Monboisse, J P Borel","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1988,"doi":"10.1016/0014-5793(88)80509-x","pubmedId":"3169264","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes in_vitro evidence concerning Stimulation of collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Preclinical or mechanistic evidence does not establish human clinical efficacy, safe dose, route, or long-term safety.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/0014-5793(88)80509-x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:ghk-cu:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"in_vitro","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Preclinical or mechanistic evidence does not establish human clinical efficacy, safe dose, route, or long-term safety."],"studyDesign":"Preclinical experimental study","sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","score":65,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1016/0014-5793(88)80509-x","pmid":"3169264","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"a11907a4cb53722057ab85df36013493","peptideId":"82d07ce3-167f-4019-b4f2-d802b3cba338","title":"In vivo stimulation of connective tissue accumulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ in rat experimental wounds.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8227353/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"The tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ (GHK-Cu) was first described as a growth factor for differentiated cells. Recent in vitro data showed that it possesses several properties of a potential activator of wound repair. We investigated the effects of GHK-Cu in vivo, using the wound chamber model described previously (Schilling, J.A., W. Joel, and M.T. Shurley, 1959. Surgery [St. Louis]. 46:702-710). Stainless steel wire mesh cylinders were implanted subcutaneously on the back of rats. The animals were divided into groups that received sequential injections into the wound chamber of either saline (control group) or various concentrations of GHK-Cu. At the end of the...","authors":"F X Maquart, G Bellon, B Chaqour, J Wegrowski, L M Patt, R E Trachy, J C Monboisse, F Chastang","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1993,"doi":"10.1172/JCI116842","pubmedId":"8227353","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes animal_in_vivo evidence concerning In vivo stimulation of connective tissue accumulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ in rat experimental wounds.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Preclinical or mechanistic evidence does not establish human clinical efficacy, safe dose, route, or long-term safety.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1172/jci116842","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:ghk-cu:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"animal_in_vivo","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Preclinical or mechanistic evidence does not establish human clinical efficacy, safe dose, route, or long-term safety."],"studyDesign":"Preclinical experimental study","sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","score":65,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1172/JCI116842","pmid":"8227353","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"e22a7cef2859bde1111dcdc1e97b72f4","peptideId":"82d07ce3-167f-4019-b4f2-d802b3cba338","title":"Are We Ready to Measure Skin Permeation of Modern Antiaging GHK-Cu Tripeptide Encapsulated in Liposomes?","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39795193/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Cosmetically active compounds (CACs), both of lipophilic and hydrophilic origin, have difficulty reaching the deeper layers of the skin, and this shortcoming significantly reduces their efficacy. One such CAC that occurs naturally in the human body and displays many beneficial properties (via reducing fine lines and wrinkles, tightening skin, improving its elasticity, etc.) is the glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine tripeptide complex of copper (GHK-Cu). GHK-Cu is a fairly hydrophilic compound with limited permeation through the lipophilic stratum corneum. On the other hand, liposomes capable of encapsulating GHK-Cu may improve its permeation potential. The present review discusses various issues...","authors":"Karolina Ogórek, Kinga Nowak, Emilia Wadych, Lena Ruzik, Andrei R Timerbaev, Magdalena Matczuk","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3390/molecules30010136","pubmedId":"39795193","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":"This source contributes systematic_review evidence concerning Are We Ready to Measure Skin Permeation of Modern Antiaging GHK-Cu Tripeptide Encapsulated in Liposomes?","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Narrative synthesis; conclusions depend on source selection and do not substitute for primary clinical evidence.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/molecules30010136","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:ghk-cu:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"systematic_review","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Narrative synthesis; conclusions depend on source selection and do not substitute for primary clinical evidence."],"studyDesign":"Narrative review","sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","score":68,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Review"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.3390/molecules30010136","pmid":"39795193","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"018c4a95b63fc613ab1decff73f12184","peptideId":"82d07ce3-167f-4019-b4f2-d802b3cba338","title":"The human tri-peptide GHK and tissue remodeling.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18644225/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Tissue remodeling follows the initial phase of wound healing and stops inflammatory and scar-forming processes, then restores the normal tissue morphology. The human peptide Gly-(L-His)-(L-Lys) or GHK, has a copper 2+ (Cu(2+)) affinity similar to the copper transport site on albumin and forms GHK-Cu, a complex with Cu(2+). These two molecules activate a plethora of remodeling related processes: (1) chemoattraction of repair cells such as macrophages, mast cells, capillary cells; (2) anti-inflammatory actions (suppression of free radicals, thromboxane formation, release of oxidizing iron, transforming growth factor beta-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha and protein glycation while increasing...","authors":"Loren Pickart","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1163/156856208784909435","pubmedId":"18644225","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":"This source contributes systematic_review evidence concerning The human tri-peptide GHK and tissue remodeling.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Narrative synthesis; conclusions depend on source selection and do not substitute for primary clinical evidence.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1163/156856208784909435","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:ghk-cu:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"systematic_review","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Narrative synthesis; conclusions depend on source selection and do not substitute for primary clinical evidence."],"studyDesign":"Narrative review","sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","score":68,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Review"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1163/156856208784909435","pmid":"18644225","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"0b4df9e41db519edac8425100a2e57bc","peptideId":"82d07ce3-167f-4019-b4f2-d802b3cba338","title":"ESI-MS study of the mechanism of glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Cu(II) complex transport through model membrane of stratum corneum.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19071668/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"In mammalian organisms copper can be found mainly in the form of complex with specific tripeptide, GHK-Cu (glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Cu(II)). GHK-Cu is the basic form in which copper is transported in tissues and permeates through cell membranes. The penetration ability of GHK-Cu through the stratum corneum and its role in copper ions transport process is the key issue for its cosmetic and pharmaceutical activity. The permeability phenomenon was studied by use in vitro model system-Flynn diffusion cell with the liposome membrane. The earlier studies on the influence of different ligands on the migration rate of copper ions through model membrane provide evidence for hampering role of...","authors":"Lena Mazurowska, Mirosław Mojski","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1016/j.talanta.2006.11.034","pubmedId":"19071668","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes in_vitro evidence concerning ESI-MS study of the mechanism of glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Cu(II) complex transport through model membrane of stratum corneum.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Preclinical or mechanistic evidence does not establish human clinical efficacy, safe dose, route, or long-term safety.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2006.11.034","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:ghk-cu:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"in_vitro","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Preclinical or mechanistic evidence does not establish human clinical efficacy, safe dose, route, or long-term safety."],"studyDesign":"Preclinical experimental study","sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","score":65,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1016/j.talanta.2006.11.034","pmid":"19071668","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"bb2acf44ef7046b57e20f02b84ef1477","peptideId":"82d07ce3-167f-4019-b4f2-d802b3cba338","title":"The human tripeptide GHK-Cu in prevention of oxidative stress and degenerative conditions of aging: implications for cognitive health.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22666519/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Oxidative stress, disrupted copper homeostasis, and neuroinflammation due to overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines are considered leading causative factors in development of age-associated neurodegenerative conditions. Recently, a new mechanism of aging-detrimental epigenetic modifications-has emerged. Thus, compounds that possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activity as well as compounds capable of restoring copper balance and proper gene functioning may be able to prevent age-associated cognitive decline and ward off many common neurodegenerative conditions. The aim of this paper is to bring attention to a compound with a long history of safe use in wound healing and antiaging...","authors":"Loren Pickart, Jessica Michelle Vasquez-Soltero, Anna Margolina","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1155/2012/324832","pubmedId":"22666519","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":"This source contributes systematic_review evidence concerning The human tripeptide GHK-Cu in prevention of oxidative stress and degenerative conditions of aging: implications for cognitive health.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Narrative synthesis; conclusions depend on source selection and do not substitute for primary clinical evidence.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1155/2012/324832","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:ghk-cu:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"systematic_review","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Narrative synthesis; conclusions depend on source selection and do not substitute for primary clinical evidence."],"studyDesign":"Narrative review","sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","score":68,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Review"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1155/2012/324832","pmid":"22666519","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"791d177debf88ec3419bbf085051a344","peptideId":"82d07ce3-167f-4019-b4f2-d802b3cba338","title":"Expression of glycosaminoglycans and small proteoglycans in wounds: modulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu(2+).","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11121126/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Glycyl-histidyl-lysine-Cu(2+) is a tripeptide-copper complex previously shown to be an activator of wound healing. We have investigated the effects of glycyl-histidyl-lysine-Cu(2+) on the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and small proteoglycans in a model of rat experimental wounds and in rat dermal fibroblast cultures. Repeated injections of glycyl-histidyl-lysine-Cu(2+) (2 mg per injection) stimulated the wound tissue production, as appreciated by dry weight and total protein measurements. This stimulation was accompanied by an increased production of type I collagen and glycosaminoglycans (assessed, respectively, by hydroxyproline and uronic acid contents of the chamber)....","authors":"A Siméon, Y Wegrowski, Y Bontemps, F X Maquart","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00166.x","pubmedId":"11121126","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes animal_in_vivo evidence concerning Expression of glycosaminoglycans and small proteoglycans in wounds: modulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu(2+).","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Preclinical or mechanistic evidence does not establish human clinical efficacy, safe dose, route, or long-term safety.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00166.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:ghk-cu:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"animal_in_vivo","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Preclinical or mechanistic evidence does not establish human clinical efficacy, safe dose, route, or long-term safety."],"studyDesign":"Preclinical experimental study","sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","score":65,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00166.x","pmid":"11121126","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"889187d2ab32569209d90428af1debe6","peptideId":"82d07ce3-167f-4019-b4f2-d802b3cba338","title":"Copper-tripeptides (cuzymes) with peroxidase-mimetic activity.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35515638/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Peroxidases are enzymes that use hydrogen peroxide to oxidize substrates such as 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ATBS). In this study, we showed that copper-tripeptide complexes (\"cuzymes\") also exhibited peroxidase-like activities. Different cuzymes could be formed by using various tripeptide ligands, such as GGG, GGH or HGG. However, the peroxidase-like activity of cuzymes depends on the sequence of the tripeptide (Cu-GGG > Cu-HGG > Cu-GGH). When ABTS was used as the substrate, the activity of Cu-GGG was 326 ± 1.5 U mg-1 which was 2.5 times higher than that of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Copper-tripeptide complexes were also used to degrade trypan blue dye. By...","authors":"Le Truc Nguyen, Wing Fat Ho, Kun-Lin Yang","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1039/d0ra02472d","pubmedId":"35515638","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes mechanistic evidence concerning Copper-tripeptides (cuzymes) with peroxidase-mimetic activity.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Preclinical or mechanistic evidence does not establish human clinical efficacy, safe dose, route, or long-term safety.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1039/d0ra02472d","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:ghk-cu:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"mechanistic","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Preclinical or mechanistic evidence does not establish human clinical efficacy, safe dose, route, or long-term safety."],"studyDesign":"Preclinical experimental study","sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","score":65,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1039/d0ra02472d","pmid":"35515638","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"a7da463aaf3c15d5ac1d89931930d3fb","peptideId":"82d07ce3-167f-4019-b4f2-d802b3cba338","title":"Relief of ovalbumin-induced airway remodeling by the glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Cu2+ tripeptide complex via activation of SIRT1 in airway epithelial cells.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37257226/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Fixed airflow limitation (FAO), prevalent in patients with severe or difficult-to-treat asthma, is mainly caused by airway remodeling. Airway remodeling is initiated by inflammation and involves subsequent pathological changes. Glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine (GHK) is a matrikine with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, naturally existing in human tissue. At present, the GHK level in human plasma and whether it is related to airway remodeling of asthma remain unclear. This study was conducted to determine how GHK is involved in airway remodeling in asthma. Our result showed that the plasma GHK levels of patients with asthma were significantly lower than those of age-matched healthy...","authors":"Qin Zhang, Jia Liu, Ming-Ming Deng, Run Tong, Gang Hou","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114936","pubmedId":"37257226","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes animal_in_vivo evidence concerning Relief of ovalbumin-induced airway remodeling by the glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Cu2+ tripeptide complex via activation of SIRT1 in airway epithelial cells.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Preclinical or mechanistic evidence does not establish human clinical efficacy, safe dose, route, or long-term safety.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114936","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:ghk-cu:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"animal_in_vivo","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Preclinical or mechanistic evidence does not establish human clinical efficacy, safe dose, route, or long-term safety."],"studyDesign":"Preclinical experimental study","sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","score":65,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114936","pmid":"37257226","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"564ab51be5206b0b816a4cec80a3b067","peptideId":"82d07ce3-167f-4019-b4f2-d802b3cba338","title":"Stimulation of sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesis by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1522753/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-copper (II) complex (GHK-Cu) is a naturally occurring tripeptide with potential healing properties. We studied the effect of GHK-Cu on the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) by normal human fibroblasts in culture. Cells were incubated with 3H glucosamine and 35S sulfate and the radioactivity of isolated GAGs was determined. GHK-Cu induced a dose-dependent increase of the synthesis of total GAGs secreted into the culture medium and those associated with the cell layer. The effect of GHK-Cu was biphasic with a maximal stimulation at 10(-9) to 10(-8) M. At higher concentrations, the rate of synthesis returned progressively to that of control cultures....","authors":"Y Wegrowski, F X Maquart, J P Borel","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1992,"doi":"10.1016/0024-3205(92)90504-i","pubmedId":"1522753","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes in_vitro evidence concerning Stimulation of sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesis by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Preclinical or mechanistic evidence does not establish human clinical efficacy, safe dose, route, or long-term safety.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/0024-3205(92)90504-i","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:ghk-cu:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"in_vitro","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Preclinical or mechanistic evidence does not establish human clinical efficacy, safe dose, route, or long-term safety."],"studyDesign":"Preclinical experimental study","sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","score":65,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1016/0024-3205(92)90504-i","pmid":"1522753","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"de8ea06a5505868f17ddafa70ae72c90","peptideId":"82d07ce3-167f-4019-b4f2-d802b3cba338","title":"Copper Complexes with New Glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Hyaluronan Conjugates Show Antioxidant Properties and Osteogenic and Angiogenic Synergistic Effects.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40123442/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"In recent years, hyaluronic acid (HA) and the natural tripeptide glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine (GHK), especially its copper(II) complex (GHK-Cu), individually have been shown to exert helpful properties for bone protection and regeneration. However, they are not strong enough to handle oxidative stress, hydrolytic attack, or environmental conditions. Being aware that conjugation chemistry has recently emerged as an appealing approach for generating new molecular entities capable of preserving the molecular integrity of their moieties or delaying their degradation, herein we present the synthesis of conjugates of HA with GHK (GHK-HA), at different loadings of the tripeptide. GHK-HA binds...","authors":"Valentina Greco, Valeria Lanza, Barbara Tomasello, Irina Naletova, Warren R L Cairns, Sebastiano Sciuto, Enrico Rizzarelli","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00545","pubmedId":"40123442","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes in_vitro evidence concerning Copper Complexes with New Glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Hyaluronan Conjugates Show Antioxidant Properties and Osteogenic and Angiogenic Synergistic Effects.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Preclinical or mechanistic evidence does not establish human clinical efficacy, safe dose, route, or long-term safety.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00545","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:ghk-cu:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"in_vitro","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Preclinical or mechanistic evidence does not establish human clinical efficacy, safe dose, route, or long-term safety."],"studyDesign":"Preclinical experimental study","sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","score":65,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00545","pmid":"40123442","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"75af817fa2f417a0b77ed69275340668","peptideId":"82d07ce3-167f-4019-b4f2-d802b3cba338","title":"Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ attenuates cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary emphysema and inflammation by reducing oxidative stress pathway.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35936787/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory disorder manifested as chronic airway inflammation and persistent airflow limitation with the essential mechanism as inflammatory response and oxidative stress induced by toxic exposures such as cigarette smoke (CS). Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine (GHK) is a nontoxic tripeptide involved in the process of healing and regeneration as a natural product. With the combination of Cu(II), glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ (GHK-Cu) improves antioxidative and anti-inflammatory bioavailability, and they might offer potential therapeutic properties for COPD. Thus, the present study aimed to identify the potential effects of...","authors":"Qin Zhang, Liming Yan, Jingwen Lu, Xiaoming Zhou","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.3389/fmolb.2022.925700","pubmedId":"35936787","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes animal_in_vivo evidence concerning Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ attenuates cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary emphysema and inflammation by reducing oxidative stress pathway.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Preclinical or mechanistic evidence does not establish human clinical efficacy, safe dose, route, or long-term safety.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3389/fmolb.2022.925700","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:ghk-cu:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"animal_in_vivo","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Preclinical or mechanistic evidence does not establish human clinical efficacy, safe dose, route, or long-term safety."],"studyDesign":"Preclinical experimental study","sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","score":65,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.3389/fmolb.2022.925700","pmid":"35936787","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"8977b6e22427fc70f24a3fb47f4e71b2","peptideId":"82d07ce3-167f-4019-b4f2-d802b3cba338","title":"Effects of the tripeptide glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper complex on osteoblastic cell spreading, attachment and phenotype.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8747089/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"We have studied the effects of the complex Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine:Cu (GHK:Cu), the GHK sequence present in the alpha 2 (I) chain of human collagen (Coll I), and bone matrix glycoproteins containing either RGD (fibronectin, FN), or RGD and GHK (Coll I), on the spreading, attachment and markers of the osteoblast phenotype in rat calvaria cells (RC), human trabecular osteoblastic cells (HT) and human marrow stromal cells (HM). Coll I (20 micrograms/ml) and FN (20 micrograms/ml) coating enhanced osteoblastic cell spreading, whereas free GHK:Cu and GHK coating (10(-10)-10(-8) M) had no effect. FN and Coll I, as well as GHK:Cu and GHK, increased the attachment of RC and HT cells. The...","authors":"D Godet, P J Marie","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1995,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"8747089","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes animal_in_vivo evidence concerning Effects of the tripeptide glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper complex on osteoblastic cell spreading, attachment and phenotype.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Preclinical or mechanistic evidence does not establish human clinical efficacy, safe dose, route, or long-term safety.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:8747089","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:ghk-cu:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"animal_in_vivo","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Preclinical or mechanistic evidence does not establish human clinical efficacy, safe dose, route, or long-term safety."],"studyDesign":"Preclinical experimental study","sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","score":60,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":null,"pmid":"8747089","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"a79b11641d083baf4f5aa5ca27ded5d5","peptideId":"82d07ce3-167f-4019-b4f2-d802b3cba338","title":"The tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ stimulates matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression by fibroblast cultures.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11045606/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Glycyl-histidyl-lysine-Cu2+ (GHK-Cu) is a tripeptide-copper complex known to be a potent wound healing agent. We previously showed its ability to stimulate in vitro and in vivo the synthesis of extracellular matrix components. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of GHK-Cu on MMP-2 synthesis by dermal fibroblasts in culture. We showed that GHK-Cu increased MMP-2 levels in conditioned media of cultured fibroblasts. This effect was reproduced by copper ions but not by the tripeptide GHK alone. This stimulation was accompanied by an increase of MMP-2 mRNA level. We also showed that GHK-Cu increased the secretion of the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, TIMP-1 and...","authors":"A Siméon, H Emonard, W Hornebeck, F X Maquart","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1016/s0024-3205(00)00803-1","pubmedId":"11045606","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes animal_in_vivo evidence concerning The tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ stimulates matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression by fibroblast cultures.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Preclinical or mechanistic evidence does not establish human clinical efficacy, safe dose, route, or long-term safety.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(00)00803-1","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:ghk-cu:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"animal_in_vivo","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Preclinical or mechanistic evidence does not establish human clinical efficacy, safe dose, route, or long-term safety."],"studyDesign":"Preclinical experimental study","sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","score":65,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1016/s0024-3205(00)00803-1","pmid":"11045606","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"26125691eb3361cd87163bb8221a5787","peptideId":"82d07ce3-167f-4019-b4f2-d802b3cba338","title":"Topically applied GHK as an anti-wrinkle peptide: Advantages, problems and prospective.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39963574/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Peptides are promising and attractive anti-wrinkle active ingredients, amongst which glycyl-histidyl-lysine peptide (GHK) is one of the most broadly promoted peptide for topical application. This simple sequence of amino acid residues not only has the capability of tissue regeneration and the enhancement of collagen and glycosaminoglycans synthesis but also is able to increase nerve outgrowth and angiogenesis. Consequently, GHK has several properties, from wound healing to prevention/reduction wrinkles. GHK-Cu and Pal-GHK are metal complex and palmitoylated derivatives of GHK, respectively. Although GHK-Cu and Pal-GHK are widely used in anti-wrinkle products available on the cosmetic...","authors":"Seyedeh Maryam Mortazavi, Seyyed Ali Mohammadi Vadoud, Hamid Reza Moghimi","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.34172/bi.30071","pubmedId":"39963574","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":"This source contributes systematic_review evidence concerning Topically applied GHK as an anti-wrinkle peptide: Advantages, problems and prospective.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Narrative synthesis; conclusions depend on source selection and do not substitute for primary clinical evidence.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.34172/bi.30071","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:ghk-cu:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"systematic_review","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Narrative synthesis; conclusions depend on source selection and do not substitute for primary clinical evidence."],"studyDesign":"Narrative review","sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","score":68,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Review"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.34172/bi.30071","pmid":"39963574","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"1ed2ddcc2e34afd9f08ad306960f2f4f","peptideId":"82d07ce3-167f-4019-b4f2-d802b3cba338","title":"Glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Cu2+ rescues cigarette smoking-induced skeletal muscle dysfunction via a sirtuin 1-dependent pathway.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36905132/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Skeletal muscle dysfunction is an important co-morbidity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is significantly associated with increased mortality. Oxidative stress has been demonstrated an important trigger for COPD-related skeletal muscle dysfunction. Glycine-histidine-lysine (GHK) is an active tripeptide, which is a normal component of human plasma, saliva, and urine; promotes tissue regeneration; and acts as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The purpose of this study was to determine whether GHK is involved in COPD-related skeletal muscle dysfunction. The plasma GHK level in patients with COPD (n = 9) and age-paired healthy subjects (n =...","authors":"Mingming Deng, Qin Zhang, Liming Yan, Yiding Bian, Ruixia Li, Jinghan Gao, Yingxi Wang, Jinrui Miao","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13213","pubmedId":"36905132","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes animal_in_vivo evidence concerning Glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Cu2+ rescues cigarette smoking-induced skeletal muscle dysfunction via a sirtuin 1-dependent pathway.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Preclinical or mechanistic evidence does not establish human clinical efficacy, safe dose, route, or long-term safety.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/jcsm.13213","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:ghk-cu:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"animal_in_vivo","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Preclinical or mechanistic evidence does not establish human clinical efficacy, safe dose, route, or long-term safety."],"studyDesign":"Preclinical experimental study","sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","score":65,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13213","pmid":"36905132","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"b4f3d19ac829882734dd9bc92462b3ee","peptideId":"82d07ce3-167f-4019-b4f2-d802b3cba338","title":"The glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Cu2+ tripeptide complex attenuates lung inflammation and fibrosis in silicosis by targeting peroxiredoxin 6.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38879894/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Silicosis is the most common type of pneumoconiosis, having a high incidence in workers chronically exposed to crystalline silica (CS). No specific medication exists for this condition. GHK, a tripeptide naturally occurring in human blood and urine, has antioxidant effects. We aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of GHK-Cu on silicosis and its potential underlying molecular mechanism. An experimental silicosis mouse model was established to observe the effects of GHK-Cu on lung inflammation and fibrosis. Moreover, the effects of GHK-Cu on the alveolar macrophages (AM) were examined using the RAW264.7 cell line. Its molecular target, peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6), has been identified,...","authors":"Yiding Bian, Mingming Deng, Jia Liu, Jiaye Li, Qin Zhang, Zilin Wang, Liwei Liao, Jinrui Miao","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.redox.2024.103237","pubmedId":"38879894","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes animal_in_vivo evidence concerning The glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Cu2+ tripeptide complex attenuates lung inflammation and fibrosis in silicosis by targeting peroxiredoxin 6.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Preclinical or mechanistic evidence does not establish human clinical efficacy, safe dose, route, or long-term safety.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.redox.2024.103237","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:ghk-cu:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"animal_in_vivo","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Preclinical or mechanistic evidence does not establish human clinical efficacy, safe dose, route, or long-term safety."],"studyDesign":"Preclinical experimental study","sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","score":65,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1016/j.redox.2024.103237","pmid":"38879894","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"7efa3539dea6d6ff62d881f94db05f16","peptideId":"82d07ce3-167f-4019-b4f2-d802b3cba338","title":"The potential of GHK as an anti-aging peptide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35083444/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) is a naturally occurring peptide found in human serum with levels averaging 200 ng/ml at age 20 but declining to an average of 80 ng/ml by age 60. The molecule has a very high affinity for copper and forms the chelate GHK-Cu. The peptide as well as its Cu (II) chelate have anti-inflammatory and tissue remodeling properties. GHK-Cu has been shown to promote skin remodeling, wound healing and regeneration, and has prominent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in in vitro and in vivo studies. 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Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":"Drugs in R&D","publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.2165/00126839-200405040-00011","pubmedId":"15230633","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2165/00126839-200405040-00011","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"mechanistic","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article; Review"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.2165/00126839-200405040-00011","pmid":"15230633","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"87cc88c2-2dd0-5309-86b7-55d13b765134","peptideId":"85f9bc7c-6257-44b5-b7b0-3f7f194ee1cd","title":"Pharmacological characteristics of KP-102 (GHRP-2), a potent growth hormone-releasing peptide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15646370/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article examining pharmacological characteristics of kp-102 (ghrp-2), a potent growth hormone-releasing peptide. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"Naomi Doi; Chiharu Hirotani; Kiyoharu Ukai; Osafumi Shimada; Tadashi Okuno; Shigeru Kurasaki; Takeshi Kiyofuji; Reiko Ikegami; Machiko Futamata; Terutake Nakagawa; Katsuhiko Ase; Kazuo Chihara","publishingOrg":"Arzneimittel-Forschung","publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1055/s-0031-1297041","pubmedId":"15646370","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1055/s-0031-1297041","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"mechanistic","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1055/s-0031-1297041","pmid":"15646370","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"d88ff503-de5d-5a61-9549-40191d07759f","peptideId":"85f9bc7c-6257-44b5-b7b0-3f7f194ee1cd","title":"GH releasing peptides--structure and kinetics.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8374685/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"PubMed-indexed comparative study; journal article; research support, u.s. gov't, p.h.s. examining gh releasing peptides--structure and kinetics. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"C Y Bowers","publishingOrg":"The Journal of pediatric endocrinology","publicationYear":1993,"doi":"10.1515/jpem.1993.6.1.21","pubmedId":"8374685","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1515/jpem.1993.6.1.21","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"mechanistic","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1515/jpem.1993.6.1.21","pmid":"8374685","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"142528cd-35fa-5b9f-875c-b339bb0a02a2","peptideId":"85f9bc7c-6257-44b5-b7b0-3f7f194ee1cd","title":"Glycine-modified growth hormone secretagogues identified in seized doping material.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30136411/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article examining glycine-modified growth hormone secretagogues identified in seized doping material. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"Paulina Marta Gajda; Niels Bjerre Holm; Lars Jakobsen Hoej; Brian Schou Rasmussen; Petur Weihe Dalsgaard; Lotte Ask Reitzel; Kristian Linnet","publishingOrg":"Drug testing and analysis","publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1002/dta.2489","pubmedId":"30136411","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/dta.2489","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"mechanistic","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1002/dta.2489","pmid":"30136411","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"6d89aab6-caec-5790-9e7a-b0ffcae46058","peptideId":"85f9bc7c-6257-44b5-b7b0-3f7f194ee1cd","title":"Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-2 Attenuation of Protein Kinase C-Induced Inflammation in Human Ovarian Granulosa Cells.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27548147/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article examining growth hormone releasing peptide-2 attenuation of protein kinase c-induced inflammation in human ovarian granulosa cells. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"Yi-Ning Chao; David Sun; Yen-Chun Peng; Yuh-Lin Wu","publishingOrg":"International journal of molecular sciences","publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1074/jbc.270.42.24965","pubmedId":"27548147","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1074/jbc.270.42.24965","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"in_vitro","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1074/jbc.270.42.24965","pmid":"27548147","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"6c2397a6-2f0b-5096-907e-573f2ecf0028","peptideId":"85f9bc7c-6257-44b5-b7b0-3f7f194ee1cd","title":"Analysis of new growth promoting black market products.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29864719/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining analysis of new growth promoting black market products. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"Oliver Krug; Andreas Thomas; Helle Malerød-Fjeld; Yvette Dehnes; Tim Laussmann; Ingo Feldmann; Albert Sickmann; Mario Thevis","publishingOrg":"Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2018.05.001","pubmedId":"29864719","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ghir.2018.05.001","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"mechanistic","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2018.05.001","pmid":"29864719","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"19bdc25a-9c08-500e-9c34-9c1e5a8b5b8e","peptideId":"85f9bc7c-6257-44b5-b7b0-3f7f194ee1cd","title":"ACTH releasing activity of KP-102 (GHRP-2) in rats is mediated mainly by release of CRF.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15645295/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article examining acth releasing activity of kp-102 (ghrp-2) in rats is mediated mainly by release of crf. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"Chiharu Hirotani; Yutaka Oki; Kiyoharu Ukai; Tadashi Okuno; Shigeru Kurasaki; Tadashi Ohyama; Naomi Doi; Ken Sasaki; Katsuhiko Ase","publishingOrg":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology","publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1007/s00210-004-1009-3","pubmedId":"15645295","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00210-004-1009-3","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"animal_in_vivo","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1007/s00210-004-1009-3","pmid":"15645295","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"84f7aaac-ea48-5b8d-b3a5-fce2e4d43e10","peptideId":"85f9bc7c-6257-44b5-b7b0-3f7f194ee1cd","title":"Evaluation of growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 for diagnosis of thyrotropin-producing pituitary adenomas.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29973439/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article examining evaluation of growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 for diagnosis of thyrotropin-producing pituitary adenomas. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"Kazunori Kageyama; Satoru Sakihara; Wataru Kameda; Aya Sugiyama; Shinobu Takayasu; Ken Terui; Makoto Daimon","publishingOrg":"Endocrine journal","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1507/endocrj.EJ17-0527","pubmedId":"29973439","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej17-0527","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"mechanistic","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1507/endocrj.EJ17-0527","pmid":"29973439","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"4da1ddc6-3708-5317-bc7b-ff4269edf9d7","peptideId":"85f9bc7c-6257-44b5-b7b0-3f7f194ee1cd","title":"Detection of black market follistatin 344.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31758732/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article examining detection of black market follistatin 344. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"Christian Reichel; Günter Gmeiner; Mario Thevis","publishingOrg":"Drug testing and analysis","publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1002/dta.2741","pubmedId":"31758732","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/dta.2741","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"mechanistic","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1002/dta.2741","pmid":"31758732","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"9d56a3a2-0811-587c-9941-b873317bb984","peptideId":"85f9bc7c-6257-44b5-b7b0-3f7f194ee1cd","title":"Growth hormone releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2), like ghrelin, increases food intake in healthy men.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15699539/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, u.s. gov't, p.h.s. examining growth hormone releasing peptide-2 (ghrp-2), like ghrelin, increases food intake in healthy men. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"Blandine Laferrère; Cynthia Abraham; Colleen D Russell; Cyril Y Bowers","publishingOrg":"The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism","publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2004-1719","pubmedId":"15699539","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1719","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"mechanistic","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S."},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1210/jc.2004-1719","pmid":"15699539","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"f875a7bf-fc7f-5539-9220-b742e7405a5d","peptideId":"85f9bc7c-6257-44b5-b7b0-3f7f194ee1cd","title":"Intraportal infusion of ghrelin could inhibit glucose-stimulated GLP-1 secretion by enteric neural net in Wistar rat.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25247193/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining intraportal infusion of ghrelin could inhibit glucose-stimulated glp-1 secretion by enteric neural net in wistar rat. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"Xiyao Zhang; Wensong Li; Ping Li; Manli Chang; Xu Huang; Qiang Li; Can Cui","publishingOrg":"BioMed research international","publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1155/2014/923564","pubmedId":"25247193","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1155/2014/923564","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"mechanistic","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1155/2014/923564","pmid":"25247193","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"2e2d0ba3-bf63-5a2e-8cb7-a94436d1fb42","peptideId":"85f9bc7c-6257-44b5-b7b0-3f7f194ee1cd","title":"The hexapeptide KP-102 (D-ala-D-beta-Nal-ala-trp-D-phe-lys-NH(2)) stimulates growth hormone release in a cichlid fish (Ooreochromis mossambicus).","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11115782/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't; research support, u.s. gov't, non-p.h.s. examining the hexapeptide kp-102 (d-ala-d-beta-nal-ala-trp-d-phe-lys-nh(2)) stimulates growth hormone release in a cichlid fish (ooreochromis mossambicus). Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"B S Shepherd; S M Eckert; I S Parhar; M M Vijayan; I Wakabayashi; T Hirano; E G Grau; T T Chen","publishingOrg":"The Journal of endocrinology","publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1677/joe.0.167r007","pubmedId":"11115782","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1677/joe.0.167r007","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"mechanistic","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S."},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1677/joe.0.167r007","pmid":"11115782","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"ab58134e-0dd5-50db-8d91-0b55c7b076cf","peptideId":"85f9bc7c-6257-44b5-b7b0-3f7f194ee1cd","title":"KP-102 (growth hormone-releasing peptide-2) attenuates ischemia/reperfusion injury in isolated rat hearts.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16773386/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article examining kp-102 (growth hormone-releasing peptide-2) attenuates ischemia/reperfusion injury in isolated rat hearts. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"Sadayoshi Furuta; Toshimitsu Hori; Tadashi Ohyama","publishingOrg":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology","publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1007/s00210-006-0079-9","pubmedId":"16773386","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00210-006-0079-9","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"animal_in_vivo","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1007/s00210-006-0079-9","pmid":"16773386","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"455f178a-b291-5ada-bd30-20646a6e3fb7","peptideId":"85f9bc7c-6257-44b5-b7b0-3f7f194ee1cd","title":"General pharmacology of KP-102 (GHRP-2), a potent growth hormone-releasing peptide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15646371/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article examining general pharmacology of kp-102 (ghrp-2), a potent growth hormone-releasing peptide. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"Sadayoshi Furuta; Osafumi Shimada; Naomi Doi; Kiyoharu Ukai; Terutake Nakagawa; Jyo Watanabe; Masakazu Imaizumi","publishingOrg":"Arzneimittel-Forschung","publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1055/s-0031-1297042","pubmedId":"15646371","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1055/s-0031-1297042","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"mechanistic","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1055/s-0031-1297042","pmid":"15646371","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"7cd2ae37-01f4-5407-a966-8c2b45795467","peptideId":"85f9bc7c-6257-44b5-b7b0-3f7f194ee1cd","title":"Metabolism of growth hormone releasing peptides.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23101768/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining metabolism of growth hormone releasing peptides. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"Andreas Thomas; Philippe Delahaut; Oliver Krug; Wilhelm Schänzer; Mario Thevis","publishingOrg":"Analytical chemistry","publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1021/ac302034w","pubmedId":"23101768","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1021/ac302034w","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"mechanistic","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1021/ac302034w","pmid":"23101768","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"7aa13bc4-4de2-52c2-807a-4475e1208cab","peptideId":"85f9bc7c-6257-44b5-b7b0-3f7f194ee1cd","title":"Growth Hormone Secretagogue Treatment in Hypogonadal Men Raises Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Levels.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28830317/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article examining growth hormone secretagogue treatment in hypogonadal men raises serum insulin-like growth factor-1 levels. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"John T Sigalos; Alexander W Pastuszak; Andrew Allison; Samuel J Ohlander; Amin Herati; Mark C Lindgren; Larry I Lipshultz","publishingOrg":"American journal of men's health","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1385/endo:22:1:25","pubmedId":"28830317","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1385/endo:22:1:25","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"mechanistic","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1385/endo:22:1:25","pmid":"28830317","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"cc02c9e1-3709-5711-bfc2-9a2ec86d84ae","peptideId":"85f9bc7c-6257-44b5-b7b0-3f7f194ee1cd","title":"Association between overweight and growth hormone secretion in patients with non-functioning pituitary tumors.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35452483/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining association between overweight and growth hormone secretion in patients with non-functioning pituitary tumors. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"Yasufumi Seki; Atsuhiro Ichihara","publishingOrg":"PloS one","publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1210/jcem.77.3.8103770","pubmedId":"35452483","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/jcem.77.3.8103770","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"mechanistic","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1210/jcem.77.3.8103770","pmid":"35452483","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"5b007447-8def-539d-8548-323f55fae015","peptideId":"85f9bc7c-6257-44b5-b7b0-3f7f194ee1cd","title":"A simple diagnostic test using GH-releasing peptide-2 in adult GH deficiency.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17609397/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"PubMed-indexed controlled clinical trial; journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't; validation study examining a simple diagnostic test using gh-releasing peptide-2 in adult gh deficiency. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"Kazuo Chihara; Akira Shimatsu; Naomi Hizuka; Toshiaki Tanaka; Yoshiki Seino; Yuzuru Katofor; KP-102 Study Group","publishingOrg":"European journal of endocrinology","publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1530/EJE-07-0066","pubmedId":"17609397","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1530/eje-07-0066","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"human_interventional","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Controlled Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Validation Study"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1530/EJE-07-0066","pmid":"17609397","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"e75052d8-5b9f-5695-a400-67aa84f9c184","peptideId":"85f9bc7c-6257-44b5-b7b0-3f7f194ee1cd","title":"Structure-activity relationship for peptídic growth hormone secretagogues.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26811125/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article examining structure-activity relationship for peptídic growth hormone secretagogues. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"P Ferro; G Krotov; I Zvereva; G Rodchenkov; J Segura","publishingOrg":"Drug testing and analysis","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1002/dta.1947","pubmedId":"26811125","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/dta.1947","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"mechanistic","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1002/dta.1947","pmid":"26811125","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:47.093Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"7d4138f8-7981-5225-9e0b-d08b7fd0e440","peptideId":"85f9bc7c-6257-44b5-b7b0-3f7f194ee1cd","title":"Synthesis of Mono-PEGylated Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-2 and Investigation of its Biological Activity.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25761386/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article examining synthesis of mono-pegylated growth hormone releasing peptide-2 and investigation of its biological activity. 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Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"Rebeca Martínez; Liz Hernández; Lázaro Gil; Yamila Carpio; Antonio Morales; Fidel Herrera; Alina Rodríguez-Mallón; Yeny Leal; Aracelys Blanco; Mario Pablo Estrada","publishingOrg":"Vaccine","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.060","pubmedId":"28893476","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:43:01.757Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.060","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:43:01.757Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"animal_in_vivo","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.060","pmid":"28893476","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:43:01.757Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"ce9a323a-f16b-57ce-a122-4aaf78fbc140","peptideId":"6657d302-0ceb-42c8-9ba6-bc6b358b8e0c","title":"Growth hormone-releasing peptide 6 prevents cutaneous hypertrophic scarring: early mechanistic data from a proteome study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29464859/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article examining growth hormone-releasing peptide 6 prevents cutaneous hypertrophic scarring: early mechanistic data from a proteome study. 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Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"Arancha Delgado-Rubín de Célix; Julie A Chowen; Jesús Argente; Laura M Frago","publishingOrg":"Journal of neurochemistry","publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04122.x","pubmedId":"17076656","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:43:01.757Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04122.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:43:01.757Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"mechanistic","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04122.x","pmid":"17076656","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:43:01.757Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"1ed68521-13c3-5165-8b8f-8006dd697800","peptideId":"6657d302-0ceb-42c8-9ba6-bc6b358b8e0c","title":"Growth hormone (GH)-releasing peptide-6 requires endogenous hypothalamic GH-releasing hormone for maximal GH stimulation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9543138/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"PubMed-indexed clinical trial; journal article; randomized controlled trial; research support, u.s. gov't, non-p.h.s.; research support, u.s. gov't, p.h.s. examining growth hormone (gh)-releasing peptide-6 requires endogenous hypothalamic gh-releasing hormone for maximal gh stimulation. 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Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"T Lei; M Buchfelder; R Fahlbusch; E F Adams","publishingOrg":"Journal of molecular endocrinology","publicationYear":1995,"doi":"10.1677/jme.0.0140135","pubmedId":"7772238","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:43:01.757Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1677/jme.0.0140135","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:43:01.757Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"in_vitro","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1677/jme.0.0140135","pmid":"7772238","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:43:01.757Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"e6fa6dd5-be86-5399-86e6-210c93d19b85","peptideId":"6657d302-0ceb-42c8-9ba6-bc6b358b8e0c","title":"Intracerebroventricular growth-hormone-releasing peptide-6 stimulates eating without affecting plasma growth hormone responses in rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8614257/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article examining intracerebroventricular growth-hormone-releasing peptide-6 stimulates eating without affecting plasma growth hormone responses in rats. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"W Locke; H D Kirgis; C Y Bowers; A A Abdoh","publishingOrg":"Life sciences","publicationYear":1995,"doi":"10.1016/0024-3205(95)00087-9","pubmedId":"8614257","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:43:01.757Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/0024-3205(95)00087-9","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:43:01.757Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"animal_in_vivo","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1016/0024-3205(95)00087-9","pmid":"8614257","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:43:01.757Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"460d7148-fd46-57fe-9835-540b64504c27","peptideId":"6657d302-0ceb-42c8-9ba6-bc6b358b8e0c","title":"Growth hormone releasing peptide-6 (GHRP-6) prevents doxorubicin-induced myocardial and extra-myocardial damages by activating prosurvival mechanisms.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38873418/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article examining growth hormone releasing peptide-6 (ghrp-6) prevents doxorubicin-induced myocardial and extra-myocardial damages by activating prosurvival mechanisms. 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Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"A Nooitgedagt; H P Koppeschaar; W R de Vries; A Sidorowicz; L J Klok; C Dieguez; F Mallo","publishingOrg":"Clinical endocrinology","publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2265.1997.1080919.x","pubmedId":"9135702","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:43:01.757Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1997.1080919.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:43:01.757Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"human_interventional","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2265.1997.1080919.x","pmid":"9135702","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:43:01.757Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"ac1cdf5d-a5ec-5a06-9850-561da2b82cdc","peptideId":"6657d302-0ceb-42c8-9ba6-bc6b358b8e0c","title":"Neuroprotective effect of epidermal growth factor plus growth hormone-releasing peptide-6 resembles hypothermia in experimental stroke.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27665924/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article examining neuroprotective effect of epidermal growth factor plus growth hormone-releasing peptide-6 resembles hypothermia in experimental stroke. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"N Subirós; H Pérez-Saad; L Aldana; C L Gibson; W S Borgnakke; D Garcia-Del-Barco","publishingOrg":"Neurological research","publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1080/01616412.2016.1235249","pubmedId":"27665924","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:43:01.757Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/01616412.2016.1235249","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:43:01.757Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"mechanistic","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1080/01616412.2016.1235249","pmid":"27665924","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:43:01.757Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"1228c399-c78e-53f4-a570-4fb6450ec849","peptideId":"6657d302-0ceb-42c8-9ba6-bc6b358b8e0c","title":"Growth hormone-releasing peptide-6 increases insulin-like growth factor-I mRNA levels and activates Akt in RCA-6 cells as a model of neuropeptide Y neurones.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16218998/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining growth hormone-releasing peptide-6 increases insulin-like growth factor-i mrna levels and activates akt in rca-6 cells as a model of neuropeptide y neurones. 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Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"Miriam Granado; Cristina García-Cáceres; María Tuda; Laura M Frago; Julie A Chowen; Jesús Argente","publishingOrg":"Molecular and cellular endocrinology","publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1016/j.mce.2011.02.002","pubmedId":"21352888","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:43:01.757Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.mce.2011.02.002","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:43:01.757Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"animal_in_vivo","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1016/j.mce.2011.02.002","pmid":"21352888","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:43:01.757Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"20d372c1-e2bc-538b-9474-2f9236227dc4","peptideId":"6657d302-0ceb-42c8-9ba6-bc6b358b8e0c","title":"[Time course study of growth hormone releasing peptide-6-induced c-fos expression in neurons of feeding-related nuclei of hypothalamus].","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26915318/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article examining [time course study of growth hormone releasing peptide-6-induced c-fos expression in neurons of feeding-related nuclei of hypothalamus]. 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The hormone, glucagon-containing medicines, and drugs that target glucagon or GLP-1 pathways answer different biological and clinical questions.","evidenceQualitySummary":"WPF’s broad Glucagon atlas includes glucose-homeostasis research, stimulation-test studies, and many records about related incretin drugs. The screening inventory is not a curated list of direct evidence about every use of glucagon, and adjacent GLP-1 literature should not be attributed to glucagon itself.","safetyConcernsSummary":"This Directory entry has no published source-linked citations or jurisdiction-specific regulatory records. A mechanism statement must not be converted into an efficacy claim for a particular product, formulation, route, or clinical scenario.","archiveSummaryNote":"WPF's separate observational archive may include contributor reports concerning glucagon or glucagon-containing products. As with every entry in that archive, these de-identified reports can suggest questions but cannot establish causation, efficacy, comparative safety, or event frequency, and must not be conflated with reports concerning GLP-1-targeted medicines.","openQuestionsText":"Which source records directly concern endogenous glucagon versus administered preparations? Which endpoints are established in controlled human studies? What product-specific safety and regulatory boundaries apply?","active":true,"createdAt":"2026-08-27T06:13:56.687Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.595Z","entityClass":"endogenous_peptide","entityClassSource":"inferred","entityClassReviewed":false,"entityClassReviewedBy":null,"entityClassReviewedAt":null,"registryStatus":"canonical","registryTier":"flagship","acquisitionEnabled":true,"publicationState":"published","editorialState":"published","chemistry":{"id":"b26497bc-2339-4866-a221-6fee77deecff","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","molecularFormula":"C153H225N43O49S","molecularWeight":3482.7,"aminoAcidSequence":"HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNT","smiles":null,"inchi":null,"inchikey":"MASNOZXLGMXCHN-ZLPAWPGGSA-N","structureImageUrl":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:36:53.795Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T02:36:53.795Z"},"citations":[{"id":"8ebabcc2-93da-4c17-a140-90241123ac02","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Glucagon and the Insulin:Glucagon Ratio in Diabetes and Other Catabolic Illnesses","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2337/diab.20.12.834","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Glucagon and the Insulin:Glucagon Ratio in Diabetes and Other Catabolic Illnesses\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1971,"doi":"10.2337/diab.20.12.834","pubmedId":"5120326","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/diab.20.12.834","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:19.868Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"7caa2899-bb95-4b94-9723-7807f9c0956c","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Glucagon and the a Cell","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm198106183042504","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Glucagon and the a Cell\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1981,"doi":"10.1056/nejm198106183042504","pubmedId":"7015132","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1056/nejm198106183042504","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:19.944Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"6bc668cc-c35a-4ac0-b244-c910845a3b42","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"GLUCAGON ANTIBODIES AND AN IMMUNOASSAY FOR GLUCAGON*","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1172/jci104357","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"GLUCAGON ANTIBODIES AND AN IMMUNOASSAY FOR GLUCAGON*\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1961,"doi":"10.1172/jci104357","pubmedId":"13779204","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1172/jci104357","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:20.019Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"3a6f6d2c-0831-406f-9f0e-937f5fce0d84","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Glucagon Antibodies and Their Use for Immunoassay for Glucagon.","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-102-25338","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Glucagon Antibodies and Their Use for Immunoassay for Glucagon.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1959,"doi":"10.3181/00379727-102-25338","pubmedId":"13840405","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3181/00379727-102-25338","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:20.090Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"fed8f66f-9668-4ab6-a479-226fa23fc9e2","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Glucagon Physiology and Pathophysiology","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm197108192850806","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Glucagon Physiology and Pathophysiology\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1971,"doi":"10.1056/nejm197108192850806","pubmedId":"4997492","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1056/nejm197108192850806","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:20.164Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"e0a203c4-d2c4-44a3-80b3-73f51b31d39b","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"A Prospective Evaluation of Glucagon Stimulation Test Safety in Adults With Chronic Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42298732/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Prospective study of safety in a specific glucagon stimulation-test setting; no general therapeutic claim.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1002/edm2.70260","pubmedId":"42298732","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Upgraded from an entered/unverified draft to a content-verified citation. Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=141, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This publication addresses Glucagon in the specific setting identified in its title.","supportNature":"Screened source-level context; specific outcomes and evidence tier await appraisal.","qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/edm2.70260","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:12:11.176Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"218c5857-39d4-42f1-a65d-62a79e86e808","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Glucagon","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.res.22.6.789","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Glucagon\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1968,"doi":"10.1161/01.res.22.6.789","pubmedId":"5659816","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1161/01.res.22.6.789","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:20.239Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"aedbcf45-38a1-4385-bd88-dceb2c07b3e7","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Glucagon receptor signaling is indispensable for the healthspan effects of caloric restriction in aging male mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40993467/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Glucagon receptor signaling is indispensable for the healthspan effects of caloric restriction in aging male mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus accelerate aging, shortening the duration of healthspan. Conversely, chronic calorie restriction (CR) extends healthspan. Research aimed at understanding the mechanism by which CR slows aging has focused heavily on insulin and downstream signaling cascades. Glucagon, a hormone that counter-regulates insulin, is commonly affected by these same interventions. To ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s11357-025-01899-w","pubmedId":"40993467","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=295, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s11357-025-01899-w","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:48.808Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"592f02fa-baeb-4f8a-865d-21848c0dc6ea","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Glucagon and insulin prescribing trends and cost implications in Japan: a 10-year analysis using the National Database Open Data Japan.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41767683/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Glucagon and insulin prescribing trends and cost implications in Japan: a 10-year analysis using the National Database Open Data Japan.\" Abstract excerpt: In 2020, ready-to-use nasal glucagon was introduced in Japan, enabling more rapid caregiver response during episodes of severe hypoglycemia. However, nationwide prescribing patterns and changes in drug expenditures for glucagon products remain unclear. Additionally, updated information on insulin formulations, which are major contributors to hypoglycemia, is lacking. Understanding the recent trend","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s13340-026-00880-y","pubmedId":"41767683","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=28, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s13340-026-00880-y","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:48.878Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"4422696b-3205-4191-accc-dbf6faa9ff09","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Role of glucagon in metabolic diseases.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42593182/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Role of glucagon in metabolic diseases.\" Abstract excerpt: Currently, diabetes is defined as \"a chronic hyperglycemic state resulting from the absolute or relative insufficiency of insulin action,\" emphasizing its characterization as an insulin-related disease. However, glucagon dysregulation should also play a critical role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. The pathophysiological relevance of glucagon in type 2 diabetes has long remained uncerta","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/jdi.70416","pubmedId":"42593182","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=212, totalMentions=11). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/jdi.70416","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:50.899Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"c116e083-7f36-4ca5-a631-be3b13f1b96f","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Mitochondrial NCLX couples glucagon- and PDE2A-dependent signals to regulate hepatic lipid metabolism.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42641876/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Mitochondrial NCLX couples glucagon- and PDE2A-dependent signals to regulate hepatic lipid metabolism.\" Abstract excerpt: Mitochondrial calcium signaling, particularly its glucagon-mediated oscillatory dynamics, plays a pivotal role in regulating hepatic metabolism and is known to be disrupted in steatotic liver disease. We recently identified the mitochondrial Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger NCLX as a key mediator of glucagon-induced mitochondrial calcium oscillations, essential for proper gluconeogenic function. Here, using ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.molmet.2026.102433","pubmedId":"42641876","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=50, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2026.102433","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:55.884Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"86901124-5d0f-4cfa-a686-67888ea254da","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"A Glucagon-Secreting Alpha-Cell Carcinoma of the Pancreas","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm196606232742503","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"A Glucagon-Secreting Alpha-Cell Carcinoma of the Pancreas\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1966,"doi":"10.1056/nejm196606232742503","pubmedId":"4286757","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1056/nejm196606232742503","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:20.315Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"e365f810-1917-41f4-bb43-235ffee825f3","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"The Glucagon-sensitive Adenyl Cyclase System in Plasma Membranes of Rat Liver","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62032-0","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"The Glucagon-sensitive Adenyl Cyclase System in Plasma Membranes of Rat Liver\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1971,"doi":"10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62032-0","pubmedId":"4328442","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62032-0","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:20.392Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"f27129b1-d925-40f0-b502-59641098b42a","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"The Glucagon-sensitive Adenyl Cyclase System in Plasma Membranes of Rat Liver","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62386-5","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"The Glucagon-sensitive Adenyl Cyclase System in Plasma Membranes of Rat Liver\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1971,"doi":"10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62386-5","pubmedId":"4993961","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62386-5","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:20.468Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"e494e837-aa02-4e24-8a5b-ef1edf0c4f4b","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"The Glucagon-sensitive Adenyl Cyclase System in Plasma Membranes of Rat Liver","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62388-9","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"The Glucagon-sensitive Adenyl Cyclase System in Plasma Membranes of Rat Liver\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1971,"doi":"10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62388-9","pubmedId":"4323237","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62388-9","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:20.544Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"ae7e99c4-e113-4170-9177-bd915ea4a1a8","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Cardiovascular Effects of Glucagon in Man","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm196807042790103","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Cardiovascular Effects of Glucagon in Man\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1968,"doi":"10.1056/nejm196807042790103","pubmedId":"4872564","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1056/nejm196807042790103","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:21.299Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"2dddf7b3-f460-4e45-93cb-c0033432bbe1","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"The New Biology and Pharmacology of Glucagon","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00025.2016","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"The New Biology and Pharmacology of Glucagon\" Abstract excerpt: In the last two decades we have witnessed sizable progress in defining the role of gastrointestinal signals in the control of glucose and energy homeostasis. Specifically, the molecular basis of the huge metabolic benefits in bariatric surgery is emerging while novel incretin-based medicines based on endogenous hormones such as glucagon-like peptide 1 and pancreas-derived amylin are improving diab","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1152/physrev.00025.2016","pubmedId":"28275047","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1152/physrev.00025.2016","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:22.726Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"821632ef-efe1-4eeb-89c7-2574627019df","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"THE RELATIONSHIP OF EPINEPHRINE AND GLUCAGON TO LIVER PHOSPHORYLASE","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)65045-8","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"THE RELATIONSHIP OF EPINEPHRINE AND GLUCAGON TO LIVER PHOSPHORYLASE\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1957,"doi":"10.1016/s0021-9258(18)65045-8","pubmedId":"13398422","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)65045-8","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:22.799Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"e01ae00e-a7dd-4b5a-bb1b-a13d6462ef3e","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Glucagon gene expression in vertebrate brain.","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)68261-4","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Glucagon gene expression in vertebrate brain.\" Abstract excerpt: An increasing number of regulatory peptide genes are known to be transcribed in neuroendocrine cells of the intestine and neurons of the central and peripheral nervous system. The discovery of the expression of peptide hormone genes in the nervous system has led to the suggestion that these peptides may function as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and releasing or inhibiting factors in differen","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1988,"doi":"10.1016/s0021-9258(18)68261-4","pubmedId":"2901414","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Proglucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)68261-4","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:19.791Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"421c3bd9-a17f-4cc8-99bf-f8f93ef935f9","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Amino Acid Sensing by the α-Cell Mitochondrial Phosphoenolpyruvate Cycle Regulates Intracellular Ca2+ Levels Without Affecting Glucagon Secretion.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41525135/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Amino Acid Sensing by the α-Cell Mitochondrial Phosphoenolpyruvate Cycle Regulates Intracellular Ca2+ Levels Without Affecting Glucagon Secretion.\" Abstract excerpt: Pancreatic islet &#x3b1;-cells are increasingly recognized as amino acid sensors for the organism. Building on our prior work in &#x3b2;-cells, we sought to determine whether the mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) cycle is involved in &#x3b1;-cell amino acid sensing. Three different methods were used to probe the PEP cycle, including pyruvate kinase activators (TEPP-46), and mice with &#x3b1;","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.2337/db25-0510","pubmedId":"41525135","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/db25-0510","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:27.495Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"d0afc9a7-6a59-49d7-9a8f-08b5687d2dd7","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Glucagon receptor deficiency is associated with glucocorticoid receptor activation and proteolytic remodeling in gastrocnemius of male mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42572238/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Glucagon receptor deficiency is associated with glucocorticoid receptor activation and proteolytic remodeling in gastrocnemius of male mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Glucagon signaling through the glucagon receptor (GCGR) plays a central role in systemic metabolic regulation. However, its role in skeletal muscle protein homeostasis remains poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that skeletal muscle from male GCGR-deficient mice exhibited preferential gastrocnemius atrophy accompanied by elevated intramuscular free amino acid levels and hyperaminoaci","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00076.2026","pubmedId":"42572238","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00076.2026","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:48.950Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"ea3f9cc9-7494-4b53-8f51-3e25599521da","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Glucagon may be extracted across the liver by a glucagon receptor-dependent mechanism, and this is impaired in an animal model of fatty liver disease.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41661080/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Glucagon may be extracted across the liver by a glucagon receptor-dependent mechanism, and this is impaired in an animal model of fatty liver disease.\" Abstract excerpt: Hyperglucagonemia is a hallmark of metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), yet the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study aimed to characterize the liver's role in glucagon clearance and to elucidate whether enzymatic degradation or receptor-mediated uptake is the dominant clearance mechanism-particularly in the cont","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00493.2025","pubmedId":"41661080","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=5, totalMentions=22). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00493.2025","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:49.024Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"fa3c6fe8-bc43-49b4-b7bd-f0bbd1f1ec74","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Glucagon promotes net hepatic glycogen repletion following meal ingestion.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41774508/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Glucagon promotes net hepatic glycogen repletion following meal ingestion.\" Abstract excerpt: Insulin and glucagon are described as having opposing actions on hepatic glycogen metabolism. However, here we showed that their coordinated action promoted glycogen turnover and meal glucose storage. In mice, pharmacological doses of insulin or glucagon failed to alter hepatic glycogen, but the combination produced a robust decrease in glycogen content. Additivity between insulin and glucagon was","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1172/jci.insight.201076","pubmedId":"41774508","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=12, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1172/jci.insight.201076","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:49.096Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"827bad86-bf70-49a8-a3c6-f292b5605294","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Glucagon secretion by pancreatic alpha-cells requires an intact tubulin-cytoskeleton-primary cilium axis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41667949/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Glucagon secretion by pancreatic alpha-cells requires an intact tubulin-cytoskeleton-primary cilium axis.\" Abstract excerpt: BACKGROUND: Hyperglucagonemia is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus, resulting from the dysregulation of glucagon secretion by pancreatic alpha-cells. Although glucose sensing and insulin signaling are well-established regulatory processes, the pathways that govern glucagon secretion remain unclear. Recent evidences suggest that insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) regulates glucagon secretion via an unkno","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1186/s10020-026-01428-1","pubmedId":"41667949","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=17, totalMentions=11). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1186/s10020-026-01428-1","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:49.167Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"e92232ca-64dc-47ed-bc85-d896eb021c19","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Glucagon receptor blockade protects spermatogenesis by enhancing PFKFB3-mediated lactate production in Sertoli cells.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42458466/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Glucagon receptor blockade protects spermatogenesis by enhancing PFKFB3-mediated lactate production in Sertoli cells.\" Abstract excerpt: Male fertility has declined globally. Diabetes and aging are major contributors to the reduced sperm production and testicular dysfunction. Elevated glucagon signaling leads to diabetic complications, yet its impact on male reproductive function remains unclear. Streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice, naturally aged mice, and healthy young male mice were treated with a glucagon receptor (GCGR","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1186/s12967-026-08588-y","pubmedId":"42458466","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=149, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1186/s12967-026-08588-y","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:49.238Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"f961311d-be17-453b-b2b2-192d720b72f4","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Glucagon-stimulated copeptin response in children: a proof-of-concept study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42369064/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Glucagon-stimulated copeptin response in children: a proof-of-concept study.\" Abstract excerpt: The diagnostic workup of polyuria-polydipsia syndrome (PPS) is not well-established in children and adolescents, and several non-osmotic copeptin-stimulating agents have been investigated. Glucagon stimulation test (GST) induced a robust copeptin response in adults, but data in children are lacking. This study aimed to investigate copeptin response to GST in children tested for suspected growth ho","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1833629","pubmedId":"42369064","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=189, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1833629","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:49.310Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"bdc60f31-f23a-4fc8-80bb-78937a294857","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Glucagon acutely stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41093268/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Glucagon acutely stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis.\" Abstract excerpt: Glucagon increases hepatic glucose production by activating both glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Its effect on gluconeogenesis is traditionally attributed to increased expression of gluconeogenic enzyme genes. However, whether glucagon's transcription-independent actions are sufficient to acutely stimulate hepatic glucose output remains uncertain. To investigate this, we examined the acute eff","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2025.171448","pubmedId":"41093268","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2025.171448","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:49.383Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"77f6a83d-3588-4de8-89e5-2280d23eb5aa","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Glucagon increases plasma levels of cyclic AMP responses in mice and humans, and this may be independent of MASLD.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40983348/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Glucagon increases plasma levels of cyclic AMP responses in mice and humans, and this may be independent of MASLD.\" Abstract excerpt: Glucagon resistance impairs amino acid metabolism in individuals with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Given that glucagon mediates its effects through cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), impaired cAMP responses have been proposed as the molecular center of glucagon resistance. In this study, we investigated if the g","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00296.2025","pubmedId":"40983348","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=15). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00296.2025","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:49.455Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"ea3dfeb2-9756-4b54-8f4e-77a89e976c6a","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Glucagon in Pediatric Metabolic Disorders: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Perspectives.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41149695/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Glucagon in Pediatric Metabolic Disorders: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Perspectives.\" Abstract excerpt: Over the past century of research, it has become increasingly evident that glucagon should no longer be regarded solely as a counter-regulatory hormone to insulin. Its role in the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders-including diabetes, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-appears to be critical. Hyperglucagonemia is a common feature across several metabolic conditions, not only in adu","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3390/pediatric17050104","pubmedId":"41149695","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=75, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/pediatric17050104","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:49.528Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"f6b429cc-eb93-4e0a-b434-b47f80e7bc76","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Glucagon Receptor Signaling and Lipid Metabolism","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00413","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Glucagon Receptor Signaling and Lipid Metabolism\" Abstract excerpt: Glucagon is secreted from the pancreatic alpha cells upon hypoglycemia and stimulates hepatic glucose production. Type 2 diabetes is associated with dysregulated glucagon secretion, and increased glucagon concentrations contribute to the diabetic hyperglycemia. Antagonists of the glucagon receptor have been considered as glucose-lowering therapy in type 2 diabetes patients, but their clinical appl","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.3389/fphys.2019.00413","pubmedId":"31068828","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=11). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00413","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:49.599Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"f6909b3f-c093-4cd7-a7ee-fe0ecf70449c","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Glucagon Receptor Signaling and Glucagon Resistance","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20133314","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Glucagon Receptor Signaling and Glucagon Resistance\" Abstract excerpt: Hundred years after the discovery of glucagon, its biology remains enigmatic. Accurate measurement of glucagon has been essential for uncovering its pathological hypersecretion that underlies various metabolic diseases including not only diabetes and liver diseases but also cancers (glucagonomas). The suggested key role of glucagon in the development of diabetes has been termed the bihormonal hypo","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.3390/ijms20133314","pubmedId":"31284506","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=37, totalMentions=14). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/ijms20133314","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:49.670Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"0c808be4-f9f9-43e2-8ac3-d63977ec5279","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Glucagon and plasma catecholamine responses to graded and prolonged exercise in man","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1975.38.1.70","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Glucagon and plasma catecholamine responses to graded and prolonged exercise in man\" Abstract excerpt: Eight men were studied during graded (47, 77, and 100% of maximal oxygen uptake) and prolonged (76%) exhaustive treadmill running. During graded exercise the glucagon concentration increased 35% from 81 plus or minus 7 pg/ml (mean and SE) at rest to 109 plus or minus 17 after the heaviest load. During prolonged exercise glucagon increased progressively to three times (226 plus or minus 40) the res","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1975,"doi":"10.1152/jappl.1975.38.1.70","pubmedId":"1110246","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=158, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1152/jappl.1975.38.1.70","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:49.783Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"499142c8-d561-47a8-8821-4a50736a4d0a","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Glucagon and beta-cell function changes before and after dietary weight loss-induced metabolic improvements in type 2 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42341884/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Glucagon and beta-cell function changes before and after dietary weight loss-induced metabolic improvements in type 2 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Hyperglucagonemia, beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance drive fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes but their changes upon guideline recommended fasting induced weight loss&#xa0;&gt;&#xa0;10% remain unclear. Patients with type 2 diabetes treated without insulin underwent a 12-week very low-calorie formula diet (VLCD) aiming&#xa0;&gt;&#xa0;10&#xa0;kg weight loss. Glucose","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.diabres.2026.113382","pubmedId":"42341884","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=5, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2026.113382","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:49.874Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"40fc2abb-01de-4c65-840b-92226b8b78e1","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Postprandial Glucagon Action in the Human Brain.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42017287/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Postprandial Glucagon Action in the Human Brain.\" Abstract excerpt: Elevated fasting glucagon is linked to hyperglycemia, but postprandial glucagon effects are less understood. Recent evidence suggests metabolic benefits of rising glucagon after oral glucose intake, potentially impacting brain-mediated whole-body metabolism. To elucidate the translational relevance of these findings, we studied postprandial effects of glucagon on the human brain. We performed oral","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/dom.70801","pubmedId":"42017287","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=17, totalMentions=21). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/dom.70801","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:53.120Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"5c50adff-46b1-4a9c-8053-b1bb88589c39","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Glucagon, the Alpha Cell, and Potential Targets for Diabetes Treatment.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41206016/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Glucagon, the Alpha Cell, and Potential Targets for Diabetes Treatment.\" Abstract excerpt: Glucagon is a 29-amino acid hormone synthesized and secreted by the pancreatic alpha cell in the islets of Langerhans. It is the primary glucose counter-regulatory hormone, secreted by the alpha cell to maintain euglycemia by stimulating hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. In addition to glucose, the alpha cell senses and responds to a number of inputs, such as paracrine factors, neurotran","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqaf162","pubmedId":"41206016","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/endocr/bqaf162","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:49.946Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"b6de5bb0-ed59-48e4-bb28-da5f1e2dff14","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Glucagon and regulation of glucose metabolism","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00492.2002","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Glucagon and regulation of glucose metabolism\" Abstract excerpt: As a counterregulatory hormone for insulin, glucagon plays a critical role in maintaining glucose homeostasis in vivo in both animals and humans. To increase blood glucose, glucagon promotes hepatic glucose output by increasing glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis and by decreasing glycogenesis and glycolysis in a concerted fashion via multiple mechanisms. Compared with healthy subjects, diabetic pa","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00492.2002","pubmedId":"12626323","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=44, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00492.2002","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:50.018Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"7c122af0-240a-4e50-96b6-908ae7046972","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Glucagon physiology and pathophysiology in the light of new advances","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00281991","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Glucagon physiology and pathophysiology in the light of new advances\" Abstract excerpt: Recent advances in the understanding of glucagon-insulin relationships at the level of the islets of Langerhans and of hepatic fuel metabolism are reviewed and their impact on our understanding of glucagon physiology and pathophysiology is considered. It now appears that alpha cells can respond directly to hyperglycaemia in the absence of insulin and beta cells, but that antecedent hyperglycaemia ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1985,"doi":"10.1007/bf00281991","pubmedId":"3902546","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=40, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/bf00281991","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:50.091Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"65ee3ac0-4e4c-4a83-af11-4a1db7b8ea9b","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Glucagon: Role in the Hyperglycemia of Diabetes Mellitus","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1089999","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Glucagon: Role in the Hyperglycemia of Diabetes Mellitus\" Abstract excerpt: Glucagon suppression by somatostatin reduces or abolishes hyperglycemia in dogs made insulin-deficient by somatostatin, alloxan, or total pancreatectomy. This suggests that the development of severe diabetic hyperglycemia requires the presence of glucagon, whether secreted by pancreatic or newly identified gastrointestinal A cells, as well as a lack of insulin. Glucagon suppression could improve t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1975,"doi":"10.1126/science.1089999","pubmedId":"1089999","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1126/science.1089999","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:50.164Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"1eb99e46-f19c-4f1b-9213-a0e874d46522","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Glucagon-stimulating activity of 20 amino acids in dogs","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1172/jci107046","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Glucagon-stimulating activity of 20 amino acids in dogs\" Abstract excerpt: The effect of 20 L-amino acids upon pancreatic glucagon secretion has been studied in conscious dogs. Each amino acid was administered intravenously over a 15 min period in a dose of 1 mmole/kg of body weight to a group of four or five dogs. Pancreatic glucagon and insulin were measured by radioimmunoassay. 17 of the 20 amino acids caused a substantial increase in plasma glucagon. Asparagine had t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1972,"doi":"10.1172/jci107046","pubmedId":"4639019","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=47, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1172/jci107046","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:50.299Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"f8e022cf-af6e-4448-8d92-19f40f525d64","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Glucagon levels and metabolic effects in fasting man","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1172/jci106445","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Glucagon levels and metabolic effects in fasting man\" Abstract excerpt: The role of glucagon in the metabolic adaptation to prolonged fasting in man has been examined. Plasma immunoreactive glucagon was determined during 6-wk fasts and during infusion of exogenous glucagon using an assay which minimized nonpancreatic immunoreactivity. Plasma glucagon concentrations rose twofold to a peak on the 3rd day of fasting and then declined thereafter to a level maintained at o","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1970,"doi":"10.1172/jci106445","pubmedId":"5480852","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=12, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1172/jci106445","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:50.370Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"826f6f73-fc09-4f6d-9c9e-bc8905c41763","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"The Glucagonotropic Effect of GIP Is Negated During Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42085567/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"The Glucagonotropic Effect of GIP Is Negated During Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study.\" Abstract excerpt: Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP[1-42]) increases glucagon levels in the presence of normal-to-low plasma glucose concentrations in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D), suggesting its potential use as a safeguard against hypoglycemia. We investigated the dose-dependent effects of exogenous full-length GIP[1-42] and its truncated variant GIP[1-30]NH2 on glucagon concentrations d","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.2337/db25-1128","pubmedId":"42085567","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=67, totalMentions=11). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/db25-1128","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:50.443Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"7154672c-0873-4ff9-9489-7066e48a9425","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"The Glucagonocentric Basis of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Pancreas-Heart Crosstalk Linking α-Cell Dysregulation to Cardiac Metabolic Stress and Fibrosis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41947455/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"The Glucagonocentric Basis of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Pancreas-Heart Crosstalk Linking α-Cell Dysregulation to Cardiac Metabolic Stress and Fibrosis.\" Abstract excerpt: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasingly recognized as a disorder of inappropriate glucagon secretion in addition to &#x3b2;-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Chronic hyperglucagonemia, driven by &#x3b1;-cell dysregulation, contributes directly to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) through hepatic, systemic, and myocardial mechanisms. Emerging evidence shows that glucag","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1002/cph4.70145","pubmedId":"41947455","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=90, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/cph4.70145","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:50.514Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"e8381fac-776e-458e-abf9-ac2e1bb71b9c","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"The Glucagon Receptor Is Required for the Adaptive Metabolic Response to Fasting","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2008.09.008","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"The Glucagon Receptor Is Required for the Adaptive Metabolic Response to Fasting\" Abstract excerpt: Glucagon receptor (Gcgr) signaling maintains hepatic glucose production during the fasting state; however, the importance of the Gcgr for lipid metabolism is unclear. We show here that fasted Gcgr-/- mice exhibit a significant increase in hepatic triglyceride secretion and fasting increases fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in wild-type (WT) but not in Gcgr-/- mice. Moreover fasting upregulated the expre","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2008.09.008","pubmedId":"19046568","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2008.09.008","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:50.588Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"111f38f2-7c59-4128-a61c-1ecd5a5b1af7","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Using glucagon receptor antagonism to evaluate the physiological effects of extrapancreatic glucagon in totally pancreatectomised individuals: a randomised controlled trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40968190/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Using glucagon receptor antagonism to evaluate the physiological effects of extrapancreatic glucagon in totally pancreatectomised individuals: a randomised controlled trial.\" Abstract excerpt: Previous studies have indicated that 29-amino-acid glucagon (i.e. 'pancreatic' glucagon) circulates in totally pancreatectomised individuals and that a postprandial glucagon response can be detected. Using a glucagon receptor antagonist (GRA), we investigated the possible role of extrapancreatic glucagon on glucose, lipid and amino acid metabolism in totally pancreatectomised individuals. In a ran","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00125-025-06534-z","pubmedId":"40968190","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=51, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00125-025-06534-z","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:50.659Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"2a33c2f1-a3b7-4cf4-94af-8254918553fa","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Lower glucagon response and attenuated hepatic glucagon signaling in MASLD.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42580550/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Lower glucagon response and attenuated hepatic glucagon signaling in MASLD.\" Abstract excerpt: While glucagon plays a role in hepatic lipid metabolism, alterations in circulating glucagon profiles and hepatic glucagon signaling in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in humans remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the relationship between MASLD severity and plasma glucagon dynamics, and evaluate hepatic glucagon signaling using human liver tissue. This retrospe","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.diabet.2026.101787","pubmedId":"42580550","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=6, totalMentions=14). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2026.101787","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:50.731Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"502f1ecf-4ad2-4bb8-8b11-3922d2df3f2a","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Acute glucagon infusion induces natriuresis and diuresis through a direct tubular mechanism involving overlapping receptor pathways.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42568245/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Acute glucagon infusion induces natriuresis and diuresis through a direct tubular mechanism involving overlapping receptor pathways.\" Abstract excerpt: It is unclear whether the reported natriuretic and diuretic effects of glucagon are mediated by renal hemodynamic changes or by direct tubular actions within the kidney. We investigated the renal effects of acute glucagon infusion in rats. We further examined whether these effects are mediated by activation of the glucagon receptor (GCGR) or whether the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) al","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1152/ajprenal.00195.2026","pubmedId":"42568245","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=71, totalMentions=15). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00195.2026","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:50.829Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"de8c7872-4ed3-4a7f-90fb-9e756066c9e6","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Altered Glucagon Response to Oral Glucose in Individuals at Different Stages of Type 1 Diabetes Development.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41172278/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Altered Glucagon Response to Oral Glucose in Individuals at Different Stages of Type 1 Diabetes Development.\" Abstract excerpt: Autoimmune destruction of &#x3b2; cells and their functional decline precedes the clinical onset of type 1 diabetes. However, altered &#x3b1;-cell function and hyperglucagonemia may contribute to the development of hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis at onset. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed glucagon concentrations during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in individuals at the early stag","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1210/clinem/dgaf601","pubmedId":"41172278","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=165, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaf601","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:50.983Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"d776b55a-db28-4aa7-8924-4a90d4c1648d","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Morning glucagon disrupts insulin induced hepatic metabolic memory and subsequent afternoon glucose metabolism in canines.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42137354/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Morning glucagon disrupts insulin induced hepatic metabolic memory and subsequent afternoon glucose metabolism in canines.\" Abstract excerpt: The Staub-Traugott effect, or second-meal phenomenon, describes improved glucose disposal after a second identical meal. We previously showed that morning hyperinsulinemia primes the liver to enhance afternoon net hepatic glucose uptake and glycogen storage. However, mixed meals trigger co-secretion of insulin and glucagon, and glucagon is traditionally viewed as opposing insulin's hepatic actions","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1832065","pubmedId":"42137354","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=316, totalMentions=13). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1832065","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:51.054Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"42d12226-6aa2-457d-9607-448c157f3f85","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Lack of Glucagon Response to Hypoglycemia in Diabetes: Evidence for an Intrinsic Pancreatic Alpha Cell Defect","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.182.4108.171","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Lack of Glucagon Response to Hypoglycemia in Diabetes: Evidence for an Intrinsic Pancreatic Alpha Cell Defect\" Abstract excerpt: Despite excessive glucagon responses to infusion of arginine, plasma glucagon did not rise in six juvenile-type diabetics during severe insulin-induced hypoglycemia, whereas glucagon in the controls rose significantly. Thus in diabetics pancreatic alpha cells are insensitive to glucose even in the presence of large amounts of circulating insulin. An intrinsic defect common to both alpha and beta p","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1973,"doi":"10.1126/science.182.4108.171","pubmedId":"4581053","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=18, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1126/science.182.4108.171","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:51.129Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"cd4d137c-a59e-4ea8-8167-ee4cbd387222","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Fasting glucagon as an independent risk indicator for CAD in patient with type 2 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41458542/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Fasting glucagon as an independent risk indicator for CAD in patient with type 2 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: To investigate the association between fasting glucagon levels and coronary artery disease (CAD) risk in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This cross-sectional study enrolled 1,739 hospitalized T2DM patients, categorized into T2DM alone and T2DM with CAD (T2DM&CAD) groups. Fasting glucagon levels and clinical characteristics were collected. Multivariable logistic regression models wer","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1749418","pubmedId":"41458542","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=47, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1749418","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:51.202Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"506163ed-5f84-4538-8776-eab1fe65d008","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Role of Glucagon, Catecholamines, and Growth Hormone in Human Glucose Counterregulation","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1172/jci109464","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Role of Glucagon, Catecholamines, and Growth Hormone in Human Glucose Counterregulation\" Abstract excerpt: To further characterize mechanisms of glucose counterregulation in man, the effects of pharmacologically inducd deficiencies of glucagon, growth hormone, and catecholamines (alone and in combination) on recovery of plasma glucose from insulin-induced hypoglycemia and attendant changes in isotopically ([3-(3)H]glucose) determined glucose fluxes were studied in 13 normal subjects. In control studies","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1979,"doi":"10.1172/jci109464","pubmedId":"36413","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=128, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1172/jci109464","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:51.354Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"d952ef4f-ee58-47de-ae88-036647233e75","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Additive Glucagonotropic and Insulinotropic Effects of Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide and Alanine in Fasted Healthy Men.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42712058/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Additive Glucagonotropic and Insulinotropic Effects of Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide and Alanine in Fasted Healthy Men.\" Abstract excerpt: Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is a bidirectional glucose-stabilising hormone potentiating insulin secretion at high glucose levels and glucagon secretion during normal-to-low plasma glucose levels. Preclinically, GIP and the amino acid alanine show synergistic glucagonotropic effects at low glucose levels. We therefore evaluated the separate and combined effects of GIP and ala","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/dom.71273","pubmedId":"42712058","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=156, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/dom.71273","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:51.432Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"4ebf2707-f143-42fb-8a68-ba947fd9a700","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Specific Glucagon Assay System Using a Receptor-Derived Glucagon-Binding Peptide Probe.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41516388/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Specific Glucagon Assay System Using a Receptor-Derived Glucagon-Binding Peptide Probe.\" Abstract excerpt: Glucagon is a peptide hormone secreted by pancreatic alpha cells which elevates blood glucose and plays a critical role in diabetes onset and homeostasis. The accurate assessment of glucagon concentration is challenging due to its structural similarity with other hormones, causing cross-reactivity in antibody-based methods. Rapid and specific glucagon detection is essential, particularly during hy","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3390/ijms27010515","pubmedId":"41516388","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/ijms27010515","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:51.508Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"3fc9a988-0682-44d3-919d-ca58d003991f","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Impaired Glucagon Suppression Accompanied by Liver Fat Accumulation Mediated Worse Blood Glucose Control in Patients With T2D.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40406971/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Impaired Glucagon Suppression Accompanied by Liver Fat Accumulation Mediated Worse Blood Glucose Control in Patients With T2D.\" Abstract excerpt: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is prevalent in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and exacerbates hyperglycemia, but its impact on postprandial glucagon suppression remains unclear. To investigate the association between hepatic steatosis and impaired glucagon suppression during oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs), and to evaluate the mediating role of glucagon dysregulation in linki","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1210/clinem/dgaf303","pubmedId":"40406971","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=157, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaf303","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:51.579Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"09d36509-10fc-431b-8d77-77eaea66286f","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Improved Glucagon Sensitivity Following Weight Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42152601/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Improved Glucagon Sensitivity Following Weight Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.\" Abstract excerpt: This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effect of weight loss in people with obesity on two biomarkers of glucagon resistance: fasting plasma glucagon and alanine. A comprehensive search was conducted in Medline and Embase. Random-effects meta-analyses and correlation analyses were performed. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 and MINORS tools. Forty-seven studies","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/obr.70167","pubmedId":"42152601","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=124, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/obr.70167","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:51.649Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"a7fa19a0-3070-471e-b134-35806e44ef19","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"The Glucagon-sensitive Adenyl Cyclase System in Plasma Membranes of Rat Liver","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62390-7","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"The Glucagon-sensitive Adenyl Cyclase System in Plasma Membranes of Rat Liver\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1971,"doi":"10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62390-7","pubmedId":"4926550","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62390-7","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:20.696Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"92c4e1a7-0ed1-498a-8938-4d838de88493","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Targeting glucagon signaling in metabolic disorders, functional insights from zebrafish receptor knockouts.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42332291/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Targeting glucagon signaling in metabolic disorders, functional insights from zebrafish receptor knockouts.\" Abstract excerpt: Glucagon receptor (GCGR) signaling is essential for glucose and lipid homeostasis, making it a potential therapeutic target for metabolic disorders. Zebrafish possess two GCGR co-orthologs, GCGRa and GCGRb, however, their distinct function remain unclear. In this study we employed CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to generate GCGRa&#x207b;/&#x207b;, GCGRb&#x207b;/&#x207b;, and double-knockout (GCGR&#x207b;","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s00018-026-06275-1","pubmedId":"42332291","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00018-026-06275-1","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:51.722Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"c3c759e6-7aba-4020-ba06-59bb493b5210","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Prolonged glucagon exposure rewires lipid oxidation and drives diabetic kidney disease progression.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41022721/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Prolonged glucagon exposure rewires lipid oxidation and drives diabetic kidney disease progression.\" Abstract excerpt: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease. Tubular abnormalities may precede glomerular pathology and indicate functional progression of DKD. Here, we find glucagon injection exacerbates lipid accumulation and renal injury, in addition to causing morphological changes in proximal tubules, podocytes, and mitochondria in the early phase of DKD in mice. However, t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-63529-5","pubmedId":"41022721","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=193, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41467-025-63529-5","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:51.795Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"89412ab9-7384-4416-9187-d6682bd563b7","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Augmented glucagon-induced gluconeogenesis in primary hepatocytes from Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40928465/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Augmented glucagon-induced gluconeogenesis in primary hepatocytes from Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Glucagon dysregulation is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), yet its early hepatic effects remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that glucagon-induced gluconeogenesis is markedly enhanced in primary hepatocytes from prediabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, a well-established model of human T2DM. Compared to control LETO rats, OLETF hepatocytes showed significantly hig","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1093/bbb/zbaf133","pubmedId":"40928465","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/bbb/zbaf133","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:51.866Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"5219960d-d930-42b0-8926-efc56a066335","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Alpha-cell glucagon is essential for maintaining β-cell function and identity in adult mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42134544/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Alpha-cell glucagon is essential for maintaining β-cell function and identity in adult mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Several studies have analyzed the effect of glucagon on &#x3b2;-cells and glucose homeostasis, either by ablating &#x3b1;-cells or by globally deleting the glucagon/glucagon receptor gene. To investigate possible interactions between &#x3b1;-cells and &#x3b2;-cells, and the effect of &#x3b1;-cells on &#x3b2;-cells/glucose homeostasis, we generated mouse models to allow deletion of the glucagon gen","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.jbc.2026.113145","pubmedId":"42134544","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=44, totalMentions=17). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2026.113145","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:51.939Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"0577c392-4c1b-47a9-80e9-a4a273479382","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Integrated glucagon model for estimation of α-cell responsivity to glucose and amino acids during graded glucose infusion.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41818159/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Integrated glucagon model for estimation of α-cell responsivity to glucose and amino acids during graded glucose infusion.\" Abstract excerpt: Pancreatic &#x3b1;-cells secrete glucagon. The glucagon secretion rate (GSR) increases when plasma glucose decreases; conversely, GSR decreases when glucose rises. In addition, amino acids (AAs) stimulate GSR. Impaired GSR suppression by glucose contributes to postprandial hyperglycemia in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the current method ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00389.2025","pubmedId":"41818159","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=33, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00389.2025","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:52.010Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"b78231ca-42b5-4626-859b-e82855fa96a3","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"THE RELATIONSHIP OF EPINEPHRINE AND GLUCAGON TO LIVER PHOSPHORYLASE","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)65909-5","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"THE RELATIONSHIP OF EPINEPHRINE AND GLUCAGON TO LIVER PHOSPHORYLASE\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1956,"doi":"10.1016/s0021-9258(18)65909-5","pubmedId":"13278353","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)65909-5","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:22.870Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"19188529-7844-435a-949b-ec212d431fd4","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Intravenous Glucagon Infusion in the Management of Hypoglycemia in Infants of Diabetic Mothers.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41610862/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Intravenous Glucagon Infusion in the Management of Hypoglycemia in Infants of Diabetic Mothers.\" Abstract excerpt: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of continuous intravenous (IV) glucagon infusion in the management of neonatal hypoglycemia in infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs). This retrospective case-control study included IDMs treated for hypoglycemia at Turku University Hospital, Finland, over 11 years. Sixteen infants received IV glucose and continuous IV glucagon, while 26 matched cont","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1055/a-2788-2020","pubmedId":"41610862","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=84, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1055/a-2788-2020","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:52.082Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"a7276676-4f71-4361-bf17-7e17840c2e2a","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Engineering Glucagon via Molecular and Formulation Strategies: From Natural Hormone to Effective and Stable Therapeutics.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40459429/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Engineering Glucagon via Molecular and Formulation Strategies: From Natural Hormone to Effective and Stable Therapeutics.\" Abstract excerpt: Glucagon, a 29-amino acid pancreatic hormone, plays a central role in glucose homeostasis through activation of the glucagon receptor (GCGR). While clinically essential for hypoglycemia rescue, its broader therapeutic applications face limitations due to challenging biophysical properties, including poor solubility, strong aggregation tendency, and chemical instability, which currently require lyo","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1002/cbic.202500270","pubmedId":"40459429","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/cbic.202500270","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:52.155Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"3dc4bcad-244e-4caf-bf9d-ff4c6c743eff","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Minireview: Glucagon in the Pathogenesis of Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia in Diabetes","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2011-1499","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Minireview: Glucagon in the Pathogenesis of Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia in Diabetes\" Abstract excerpt: Pancreatic islet &#x3b1;-cell glucagon secretion is critically dependent on pancreatic islet &#x3b2;-cell insulin secretion. Normally, a decrease in the plasma glucose concentration causes a decrease in &#x3b2;-cell insulin secretion that signals an increase in &#x3b1;-cell glucagon secretion during hypoglycemia. In contrast, an increase in the plasma glucose concentration, among other stimuli, ca","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1210/en.2011-1499","pubmedId":"22166985","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=30, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2011-1499","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:52.227Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"ecf36a0e-3b6d-4f5c-8237-33d851ab7375","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Postprandial Glucagon Metabolism in Healthy and Type 1 Diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41264412/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Postprandial Glucagon Metabolism in Healthy and Type 1 Diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Early postprandial glucagon concentrations are higher in type 1 diabetes (T1D) than in individuals with no diabetes (ND). To determine the cause, we infused stable [13C9, 15N1]glucagon before, during, and after a mixed meal in 16 ND and 16 T1D individuals to measure glucagon turnover. In a subcohort of 9 ND and 12 T1D individuals, we estimated [13C9, 15N1]glucagon kinetics during steady state. A l","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.2337/db25-0587","pubmedId":"41264412","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=19, totalMentions=17). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/db25-0587","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:52.596Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"6cec418a-f0f1-4b88-89b1-767ba805fbbf","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Dysregulated glucagon signaling contributes to hypoglycemia after vertical sleeve gastrectomy in mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42270043/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Dysregulated glucagon signaling contributes to hypoglycemia after vertical sleeve gastrectomy in mice.\" Abstract excerpt: After bariatric surgery, many individuals experience debilitating bouts of hypoglycemia, termed post-bariatric hypoglycemia (PBH). Our mouse model of vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) mimics key aspects of PBH in humans. As glucagon is a key element of the counterregulatory hormonal response to hypoglycemia, the objective of this manuscript is to understand if glucagon responses and sensitivity ar","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.molmet.2026.102399","pubmedId":"42270043","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=224, totalMentions=14). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2026.102399","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:52.666Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"f8043089-b0a1-4fcb-9fc3-2d94f8b48d5d","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"THE RELATIONSHIP OF EPINEPHRINE AND GLUCAGON TO LIVER PHOSPHORYLASE","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)65910-1","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"THE RELATIONSHIP OF EPINEPHRINE AND GLUCAGON TO LIVER PHOSPHORYLASE\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1956,"doi":"10.1016/s0021-9258(18)65910-1","pubmedId":"13278354","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)65910-1","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:22.944Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"d28434fc-5e51-4cae-bb9e-540402397e07","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Incretin and Glucagon Signalling in MASLD and MASH: Integrating Metabolic Pathways With Disease Progression.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41816810/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Incretin and Glucagon Signalling in MASLD and MASH: Integrating Metabolic Pathways With Disease Progression.\" Abstract excerpt: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) arises from dysregulated interactions between nutrient delivery, adipose tissue lipid handling and liver lipid metabolism, which collectively coalesce to drive inflammatory signalling leading to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and fibrosis. Recent clinical success of incretin- and glucagon-based therapies in b","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/dom.70624","pubmedId":"41816810","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=371, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/dom.70624","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:53.190Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"54a98134-6da3-4fe9-bc54-45e5ea625e56","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"INFLUENCE OF GLUCAGON, AN INDUCER OF CELLULAR AUTOPHAGY, ON SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF RAT LIVER LYSOSOMES","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.33.2.437","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"INFLUENCE OF GLUCAGON, AN INDUCER OF CELLULAR AUTOPHAGY, ON SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF RAT LIVER LYSOSOMES\" Abstract excerpt: The response of rat liver lysosomes to an intraperitoneal injection of glucagon has been evaluated from studies on the mechanical fragility, osmotic sensitivity, and sedimentation properties of these subcellular particles. It has been found that about (1/2) hr after the injection of glucagon the hepatic lysosomes exhibit a fairly sudden increase in their sensitivity to mechanical stresses and to e","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1967,"doi":"10.1083/jcb.33.2.437","pubmedId":"4292315","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=71, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1083/jcb.33.2.437","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:53.263Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"9be8005f-50f4-4e40-a1e0-e5c8ddcb6253","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Hamster preproglucagon contains the sequence of glucagon and two related peptides","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/302716a0","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Hamster preproglucagon contains the sequence of glucagon and two related peptides\" Abstract excerpt: Glucagon is a 29-amino acid polypeptide hormone synthesized by the A cells of the endocrine pancreas. Its primary site of action is the liver where it stimulates glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis. In mammals, biosynthetic studies have shown that glucagon is derived from a precursor of molecular weight (Mr) approximately 18,000 which is five to six times larger than glucagon. Glucagon","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1983,"doi":"10.1038/302716a0","pubmedId":"6835407","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=13). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/302716a0","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:53.457Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"e1329202-730e-4a5e-ae7e-1ea5d9ae236d","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Conformation of glucagon in a lipid-water interphase by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2836(83)80143-0","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Conformation of glucagon in a lipid-water interphase by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance\" Abstract excerpt: A determination of the spatial structure of the polypeptide hormone glucagon bound to perdeuterated dodecylphosphocholine micelles is described. A map of distance constraints between individually assigned hydrogen atoms of the polypeptide chain was obtained from two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy. These data were used as the input for a distance geometry algorithm for comp","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1983,"doi":"10.1016/s0022-2836(83)80143-0","pubmedId":"6631957","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=68, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0022-2836(83)80143-0","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:53.557Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"11720864-08af-4b28-8805-12d392f841f5","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"X-ray analysis of glucagon and its relationship to receptor binding","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/257751a0","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"X-ray analysis of glucagon and its relationship to receptor binding\" Abstract excerpt: X-ray analysis of the pancreatic hormone glucagon shows that in crystals the polypeptide adopts a mainly helical conformation, which is stabilised by hydrophobic interactions between molecules related by threefold symmetry. A model is presented in which the glucagon molecule exists in dilute solutions as an equilibrium population of conformers with little retention of conformers with little retent","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1975,"doi":"10.1038/257751a0","pubmedId":"171582","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=41, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/257751a0","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:53.630Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"562fd74e-aa8d-4fa6-bb62-fd82b6037756","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"THE RELATIONSHIP OF EPINEPHRINE AND GLUCAGON TO LIVER PHOSPHORYLASE","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)65911-3","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"THE RELATIONSHIP OF EPINEPHRINE AND GLUCAGON TO LIVER PHOSPHORYLASE\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1956,"doi":"10.1016/s0021-9258(18)65911-3","pubmedId":"13278355","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)65911-3","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:23.019Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"5c6dfbad-94cf-45cb-8840-10790932ce24","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Splanchnic and Leg Glucagon Metabolism in Healthy Individuals and Those With Type 1 Diabetes: First-in-Human Study Using [13C9,15N1]Glucagon.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40445879/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Splanchnic and Leg Glucagon Metabolism in Healthy Individuals and Those With Type 1 Diabetes: First-in-Human Study Using [13C9,15N1]Glucagon.\" Abstract excerpt: Circulating glucagon concentrations differ between individuals with no diabetes (ND) and those with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We combined an isotope dilution technique using stable tracers [6,22-13C9,15N1]glucagon and [6,14,19,22-13C9,15N1]glucagon with splanchnic and leg catheterization in participants with ND (n = 8; age 23.1 &#xb1; 2.9 years, BMI 26.6 &#xb1; 3.5 kg/m2, HbA1c 5.0 &#xb1; 0.2% [31 &#","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.2337/db24-1064","pubmedId":"40445879","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=12, totalMentions=26). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/db24-1064","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:53.715Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"3489ad71-509e-4120-9167-c6950bcbffb9","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Effects of a novel glucagon receptor antagonist (Bay 27-9955) on glucagon-stimulated glucose production in humans","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s001250100006","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Effects of a novel glucagon receptor antagonist (Bay 27-9955) on glucagon-stimulated glucose production in humans\" Abstract excerpt: To study the effects of a specific glucagon receptor antagonist (Bay 27-9955), on plasma glucose concentrations and rates of glucose production in response to hyperglucagonaemia in humans. The study was conducted as a two-dose [Low Dose Bay 27-9955 70 mg, (n = 6), High Dose Bay 27-9955 200 mg, (n = 8)], double blind, placebo controlled, crossover study. Basal glucose production was measured after ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2001,"doi":"10.1007/s001250100006","pubmedId":"11719833","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=35, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s001250100006","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:53.972Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"2382c3aa-45c8-4f2a-a178-a9d341ad1807","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Adult insulin- and glucagon-producing cells differentiate from two independent cell lineages","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.11.2317","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Adult insulin- and glucagon-producing cells differentiate from two independent cell lineages\" Abstract excerpt: To analyze cell lineage in the pancreatic islets, we have irreversibly tagged all the progeny of cells through the activity of Cre recombinase. Adult glucagon alpha and insulin beta cells are shown to derive from cells that have never transcribed insulin or glucagon, respectively. Also, the beta-cell progenitors, but not alpha-cell progenitors, transcribe the pancreatic polypeptide (PP) gene. Fina","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1242/dev.127.11.2317","pubmedId":"10804174","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=150, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1242/dev.127.11.2317","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:54.042Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"2e5b9e34-ef6b-4bc8-bf1d-4264b572249c","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Association between glucagon and stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41648993/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Association between glucagon and stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: This study aimed to investigate the association between fasting glucagon levels and the risk of comorbid stroke in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study included 1,745 T2DM patients hospitalized at Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from September 1, 2022, to September 30, 2025. Patients were divided into a T2DM group and a T2DM with stroke group based on ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1530/ec-25-0791","pubmedId":"41648993","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=64, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1530/ec-25-0791","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:54.122Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"18becebf-addf-420b-8e81-d7c289f3598d","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"EFFECTS OF INSULIN, GLUCAGON, AND INSULIN/GLUCAGON INFUSIONS ON LIVER MORPHOLOGY AND CELL DIVISION AFTER COMPLETE PORTACAVAL SHUNT IN DOGS","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(76)90477-3","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"EFFECTS OF INSULIN, GLUCAGON, AND INSULIN/GLUCAGON INFUSIONS ON LIVER MORPHOLOGY AND CELL DIVISION AFTER COMPLETE PORTACAVAL SHUNT IN DOGS\" Abstract excerpt: Insulin, glucagon, and insulin/glucagon mixtures have been infused for four days into the left portal vein of dogs after portacaval shunt. In the left but not in the right liver lobes, insulin alone reduced atrophy, preserved hepatocyte ultrastructure, and trebled cell renewal. Glucagon alone had no effect. In small doses, glucagon did not potentiate the action of insulin and in large doses it may","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1976,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(76)90477-3","pubmedId":"56646","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=9, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(76)90477-3","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:54.226Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"51a98c24-c33b-48d9-974e-54919fd900a3","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"PURIFICATION AND CRYSTALLIZATION OF GLUCAGON","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)70910-1","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"PURIFICATION AND CRYSTALLIZATION OF GLUCAGON\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1955,"doi":"10.1016/s0021-9258(18)70910-1","pubmedId":"14381399","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)70910-1","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:23.095Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"bc51052a-0ec8-470a-b119-acd1fbf513c7","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Metabolic Effects of Glucagon Stimulations in Type 1 Diabetes and Healthy Controls.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39829147/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Metabolic Effects of Glucagon Stimulations in Type 1 Diabetes and Healthy Controls.\" Abstract excerpt: Metabolic responses to glucagon beyond the promotion of endogenous glucose production in type 1 diabetes remains poorly explored. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the metabolic responses to glucagon stimulation in type 1 diabetes and explore whether recent exposure to hypoglycemia would impact glucagon sensitivity. Twenty-nine participants, 19 with type 1 diabetes and 10 healthy controls, underw","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1210/clinem/dgaf030","pubmedId":"39829147","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=23, totalMentions=12). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaf030","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:54.298Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"995d4c9d-d8d3-4566-8275-809394cce4d8","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Glucose-inhibition of glucagon secretion involves activation of GABAA-receptor chloride channels","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/341233a0","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Glucose-inhibition of glucagon secretion involves activation of GABAA-receptor chloride channels\" Abstract excerpt: The endocrine part of the pancreas plays a central role in blood-glucose regulation. It is well established that an elevation of glucose concentration reduces secretion of the hyperglycaemia-associated hormone glucagon from pancreatic alpha 2 cells. The mechanisms involved, however, remain unknown. Electrophysiological studies have demonstrated that alpha 2 cells generate Ca2+-dependent action pot","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1989,"doi":"10.1038/341233a0","pubmedId":"2550826","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=210, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/341233a0","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:54.498Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"8361d5d4-b440-44a8-b57a-65ba2ce7110a","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"C-peptide Response to Glucagon: A Test for the Residual β-cell Function in Diabetes Mellitus","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2337/diab.26.7.605","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"C-peptide Response to Glucagon: A Test for the Residual β-cell Function in Diabetes Mellitus\" Abstract excerpt: Pancreatic beta-cell secretory activity was measured in 17 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus of less than 19 months' duration and in 10 nondiabetic subjects by means of the peripheral plasma C-peptide response to 1 mg. of glucagon I.V. The C-peptide response to a meal was also measured in the diabetic patients. Residual beta-cell function was present in all the diabetic patients as","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1977,"doi":"10.2337/diab.26.7.605","pubmedId":"326604","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=238, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/diab.26.7.605","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:54.570Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"3a710ec2-8507-4e36-81cf-4353a2341bab","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Physiologic action of glucagon on liver glucose metabolism","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01454.x","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Physiologic action of glucagon on liver glucose metabolism\" Abstract excerpt: Glucagon is a primary regulator of hepatic glucose production (HGP) in vivo during fasting, exercise and hypoglycaemia. Glucagon also plays a role in limiting hepatic glucose uptake and producing the hyperglycaemic phenotype associated with insulin deficiency and insulin resistance. In response to a physiological rise in glucagon, HGP is rapidly stimulated. This increase in HGP is entirely attribu","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01454.x","pubmedId":"21824265","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01454.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:54.642Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"5b41f41e-e5b2-4bb2-a3ac-6a6e2115ba65","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"THE ESSENTIAL ROLE OF GLUCAGON IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF DIABETES MELLITUS","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(75)92375-2","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"THE ESSENTIAL ROLE OF GLUCAGON IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF DIABETES MELLITUS\" Abstract excerpt: The following evidence suggests that diabetes mellitus may not be the simple consequence of relative or absolute insulin deficiency by itself, but may require the presence of glucagon: (1) relative or absolute hyperglucogonaemia has been identified in every form of endogenous hyperglycaemia, including total pancreatectomy in dogs; (2) insulin lack in the absence of glucagon does not cause endogeno","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1975,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(75)92375-2","pubmedId":"46337","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=175, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(75)92375-2","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:54.738Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"1106512d-d9b6-43ad-b263-7a8d9058d704","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Wick Chromatography for Rapid and Reliable Immunoassay of Insulin, Glucagon and Growth Hormone","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/219193b0","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Wick Chromatography for Rapid and Reliable Immunoassay of Insulin, Glucagon and Growth Hormone\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1968,"doi":"10.1038/219193b0","pubmedId":"5659651","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/219193b0","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:25.712Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"71f6b567-1f78-46dd-9943-f04421187a01","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Modeling the effect of glucagon on endogenous glucose production in healthy individuals under meal-like conditions.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41187984/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Modeling the effect of glucagon on endogenous glucose production in healthy individuals under meal-like conditions.\" Abstract excerpt: Defective postprandial glucagon suppression contributes to chronic hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. Although insulin action and secretion have been extensively and quantitatively studied in the literature, less effort has been made to quantify the glucagon stimulatory effect on endogenous glucose production (EGP). This study aims to model the glucagon effect on EGP in healthy humans, capturing th","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00172.2025","pubmedId":"41187984","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=23, totalMentions=17). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00172.2025","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:55.022Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"7d1111d7-d0ca-4bca-b281-c9ac6f02dc3e","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Contractile Effects of Glucagon in Mouse Cardiac Preparations.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41516006/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Contractile Effects of Glucagon in Mouse Cardiac Preparations.\" Abstract excerpt: Glucagon is an endogenous peptide that is produced in the pancreas. Via glucagon receptors, glucagon increases the beating rate in cultured rat neonatal cardiomyocytes and also in isolated right atrial preparations from adult rats. Moreover, in living adult mice, injections of glucagon can elevate the heart rate. It is unknown whether these effects of glucagon in living adult mice are mediated via","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3390/ijms27010126","pubmedId":"41516006","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=20). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/ijms27010126","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:55.095Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"38f132ba-f9c1-4a32-ac5e-dd5d7e9839c2","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Structure of the human glucagon class B G-protein-coupled receptor","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12393","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Structure of the human glucagon class B G-protein-coupled receptor\" Abstract excerpt: Binding of the glucagon peptide to the glucagon receptor (GCGR) triggers the release of glucose from the liver during fasting; thus GCGR plays an important role in glucose homeostasis. Here we report the crystal structure of the seven transmembrane helical domain of human GCGR at 3.4 &#xc5; resolution, complemented by extensive site-specific mutagenesis, and a hybrid model of glucagon bound to GCG","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1038/nature12393","pubmedId":"23863937","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=15, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/nature12393","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:55.166Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"07aff500-a7c9-419d-862d-a92be014b344","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Lack of Suppression of Glucagon Contributes to Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus1","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.85.11.6993","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Lack of Suppression of Glucagon Contributes to Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus1\" Abstract excerpt: We tested the hypothesis that a lack of suppression of glucagon causes postprandial hyperglycemia in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Nine diabetic subjects ingested 50 g glucose on two occasions. On both occasions, somatostatin was infused at a rate of 4.3 nmol/kg x min, and insulin was infused in a diabetic insulin profile. On one occasion, glucagon was also infused at a rate of 1.25 ng/kg x min t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1210/jcem.85.11.6993","pubmedId":"11095432","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=55, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/jcem.85.11.6993","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:55.252Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"bbb4abf5-7ad1-4de4-a172-b3244fd6a8c5","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Associations of Fasting Glucagon and the Glucagon-Alanine Index With Hepatic Steatosis and Liver Stiffness in Japanese Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42244477/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Associations of Fasting Glucagon and the Glucagon-Alanine Index With Hepatic Steatosis and Liver Stiffness in Japanese Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: In type 2 diabetes, impaired glucagon action in the liver (hepatic glucagon resistance) may disrupt the liver-&#x3b1;-cell axis. We examined the associations of fasting glucagon and a modified glucagon-alanine index (GAI) with imaging-derived hepatic steatosis and liver stiffness in Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes. This was a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the KAMOGAWA-DM","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/dom.70854","pubmedId":"42244477","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=29, totalMentions=14). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/dom.70854","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:55.355Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"e7c7851b-0547-4e59-8386-008ede8d3cf5","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Effect of hypothalamic stimulation on plasma glucose, insulin, and glucagon levels","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1971.221.6.1596","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Effect of hypothalamic stimulation on plasma glucose, insulin, and glucagon levels\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1971,"doi":"10.1152/ajplegacy.1971.221.6.1596","pubmedId":"4941906","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1971.221.6.1596","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:25.787Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"54532051-f1d3-4577-b2ab-e800bad8a34e","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Distinctive patterns of glucagon and incretin responses to oral and isoglycaemic intravenous glucose load in fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42321243/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Distinctive patterns of glucagon and incretin responses to oral and isoglycaemic intravenous glucose load in fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes mellitus (FCPD) is characterised by pancreatic calcification, intraductal calculi and severe insulin deficiency, yet abnormalities in glucagon regulation and incretin hormone responses remain incompletely understood. We evaluated the glucagon, incretins and oxyntomodulin secretory responses to oral and intravenous glucose administration in participants with FCPD.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-026-55406-y","pubmedId":"42321243","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=169, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-55406-y","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:55.547Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"1691626a-3cb1-4cd6-a4cb-97ccaaed1047","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Dose-Response Effect of Glucagon on Glucose, Beta-Cell Secretion and Metabolism in Healthy Individuals.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42169368/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Dose-Response Effect of Glucagon on Glucose, Beta-Cell Secretion and Metabolism in Healthy Individuals.\" Abstract excerpt: Glucagon is a key regulator of glucose and energy metabolism, yet the dose-response effects of glucagon on markers of metabolism in humans are not fully characterised. We investigated the dose-dependent effects of glucagon on glucose metabolism, &#x3b2;-cell secretion and markers of hepatic metabolism in healthy adults. Fifteen healthy, lean adults underwent a 180-min stepwise intravenous infusion","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/dom.70896","pubmedId":"42169368","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/dom.70896","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:55.636Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"412115e6-e1ee-4e01-8124-6011a68c37bb","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"The metabolic actions of glucagon revisited","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2010.187","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"The metabolic actions of glucagon revisited\" Abstract excerpt: The initial identification of glucagon as a counter-regulatory hormone to insulin revealed this hormone to be of largely singular physiological and pharmacological purpose. Glucagon agonism, however, has also been shown to exert effects on lipid metabolism, energy balance, body adipose tissue mass and food intake. The ability of glucagon to stimulate energy expenditure, along with its hypolipidemi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1038/nrendo.2010.187","pubmedId":"20957001","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=30, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/nrendo.2010.187","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:55.716Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"81b90aa1-db72-4150-8b5e-8cfa8fcad88c","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Lower blood glucose, hyperglucagonemia, and pancreatic α cell hyperplasia in glucagon receptor knockout mice","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0237106100","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Lower blood glucose, hyperglucagonemia, and pancreatic α cell hyperplasia in glucagon receptor knockout mice\" Abstract excerpt: Glucagon, the counter-regulatory hormone to insulin, is secreted from pancreatic alpha cells in response to low blood glucose. To examine the role of glucagon in glucose homeostasis, mice were generated with a null mutation of the glucagon receptor (Gcgr(-/-)). These mice display lower blood glucose levels throughout the day and improved glucose tolerance but similar insulin levels compared with c","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1073/pnas.0237106100","pubmedId":"12552113","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1073/pnas.0237106100","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:55.791Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"061d2e77-a0f0-425e-9014-29257ff69dfb","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Increased Early Postprandial Glucagon Concentrations in Humans With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes and Steatotic Liver Disease.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41931030/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Increased Early Postprandial Glucagon Concentrations in Humans With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes and Steatotic Liver Disease.\" Abstract excerpt: Glucagon-based polyagonists improve metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), which could result from glucagon-stimulated hepatic lipid oxidation. Nevertheless, people with long-standing type 2 diabetes (T2D) exhibit a paradoxical rise in both hepatic lipid content (HLC) and glucagon levels, which has been related to disturbed hepatic metabolism generating glucagonotropic m","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.2337/dc25-3077","pubmedId":"41931030","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=12). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/dc25-3077","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:55.956Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"e6694f4c-3c59-4f88-8f8b-796c88037566","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"The Glucagon-sensitive Adenyl Cyclase System in Plasma Membranes of Rat Liver","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62389-0","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"The Glucagon-sensitive Adenyl Cyclase System in Plasma Membranes of Rat Liver\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1971,"doi":"10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62389-0","pubmedId":"4993962","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62389-0","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:20.619Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"37db8b64-161a-4708-8912-a3382cec5bd0","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Early glucagon-positive cells restrict pancreatic branching through VMAT2-noradrenaline-mediated ROS signaling.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42643105/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Early glucagon-positive cells restrict pancreatic branching through VMAT2-noradrenaline-mediated ROS signaling.\" Abstract excerpt: Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) transports monoamines into storage vesicles. We have previously reported that VMAT2 negatively regulates pancreatic progenitor differentiation into endocrine beta cells; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Using a pancreatic bud explant culture, we show here that inhibiting VMAT2-mediated catecholamine uptake promotes pancreatic epithelial b","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1242/dev.205734","pubmedId":"42643105","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1242/dev.205734","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:20.771Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"d283a059-40f9-48da-8392-be56760dcd38","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"INSULIN, GLUCAGON, AMINOACID IMBALANCE, AND HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(76)90541-9","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"INSULIN, GLUCAGON, AMINOACID IMBALANCE, AND HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY\" Abstract excerpt: Hepatic encephalopathy (H.E.) is associated with and perhaps caused by changes in plasma-aminoacid patterns--decreased branched-chain aminoacids (B.C.A.A.) and increased aromatic aminoacids (A.A.A.). The decreased B.C.A.A. may be in part secondary to hyperinsulinaemia, but the B.C.A.A. are catabolised by both fat and muscle. The increase in A.A.A. may reflect a \"catabolic stimulus\" reflected in hy","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1976,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(76)90541-9","pubmedId":"62115","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(76)90541-9","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:20.848Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"4110443c-b3fc-445b-ac2e-695ed0d8a876","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Effect of Glucagon on the Metabolism of Adipose Tissue","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64236-x","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Effect of Glucagon on the Metabolism of Adipose Tissue\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1961,"doi":"10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64236-x","pubmedId":"13710494","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64236-x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:20.924Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"e7e7d17a-c719-4a41-a17f-ac8cf973ccb1","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Pancreatic Glucagon Secretion in Normal and Diabetic Subjects","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00000441-196906000-00008","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Pancreatic Glucagon Secretion in Normal and Diabetic Subjects\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1969,"doi":"10.1097/00000441-196906000-00008","pubmedId":"4893149","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/00000441-196906000-00008","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:20.999Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"ed42799f-c166-4021-80c3-6ef8e8324faf","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Structure of the glucagon receptor in complex with a glucagon analogue","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25153","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Structure of the glucagon receptor in complex with a glucagon analogue\" Abstract excerpt: Class B G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which consist of an extracellular domain (ECD) and a transmembrane domain (TMD), respond to secretin peptides to play a key part in hormonal homeostasis, and are important therapeutic targets for a variety of diseases. Previous work has suggested that peptide ligands bind to class B GPCRs according to a two-domain binding model, in which the C-terminal ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1038/nature25153","pubmedId":"29300013","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Receptors, Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/nature25153","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:21.071Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"3c2df15b-6ac8-499a-8bdd-a86846c03086","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Cardiac Actions of Glucagon","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.res.22.6.777","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Cardiac Actions of Glucagon\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1968,"doi":"10.1161/01.res.22.6.777","pubmedId":"4385510","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1161/01.res.22.6.777","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:21.148Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"7c9caf19-31c5-4d57-b2e4-013118a5bbb2","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Interrelationship of Glucagon, Insulin and Glucose: The Insulinogenic Effect of Glucagon","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2337/diab.15.12.855","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Interrelationship of Glucagon, Insulin and Glucose: The Insulinogenic Effect of Glucagon\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1966,"doi":"10.2337/diab.15.12.855","pubmedId":"5957476","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/diab.15.12.855","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:21.224Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"3c822d50-77a2-40e0-bec1-c417e79f1774","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Biguanides suppress hepatic glucagon signalling by decreasing production of cyclic AMP","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11808","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Biguanides suppress hepatic glucagon signalling by decreasing production of cyclic AMP\" Abstract excerpt: Glucose production by the liver is essential for providing a substrate for the brain during fasting. The inability of insulin to suppress hepatic glucose output is a major aetiological factor in the hyperglycaemia of type-2 diabetes mellitus and other diseases of insulin resistance. For fifty years, one of the few classes of therapeutics effective in reducing glucose production has been the biguan","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1038/nature11808","pubmedId":"23292513","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/nature11808","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:21.372Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"167ceeaa-47fa-4e09-b41b-2247e3271ed6","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Association of fasting plasma glucagon with osteopenia/osteoporosis in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41814251/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Association of fasting plasma glucagon with osteopenia/osteoporosis in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Bone mass abnormalities (osteopenia/osteoporosis) are highly prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), yet identifying the systemic metabolic indicators of skeletal deterioration remains a critical clinical challenge. This study aimed to investigate the independent association between fasting plasma glucagon levels and osteopenia/osteoporosis in Chinese T2DM patients, and to eval","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1186/s12902-026-02220-2","pubmedId":"41814251","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1186/s12902-026-02220-2","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:21.448Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"d89bdd47-0250-47bc-8829-7f0a90ee47fa","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Loss of α-cell GRK2 modulates glucagon response and supports cardiac function.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41895229/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Loss of α-cell GRK2 modulates glucagon response and supports cardiac function.\" Abstract excerpt: Pancreatic &#x3b1;-cells secrete glucagon to maintain glucose homeostasis, yet the molecular mechanisms regulating hormone release are understudied. G-protein coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) regulate receptor desensitization; however, their role in &#x3b1;-cells remains unknown. Here, we generated an inducible &#x3b1;-cell-specific GRK2 knockout (&#x3b1;GRK2KO) mouse model to investigate the role ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.molpha.2026.100115","pubmedId":"41895229","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.molpha.2026.100115","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:21.523Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"a6369099-4d3b-4c78-9991-490c279b5914","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Identification of insulin and glucagon genes in the finless porpoise and the developmental distribution of their producing endocrine cells.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42147104/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Identification of insulin and glucagon genes in the finless porpoise and the developmental distribution of their producing endocrine cells.\" Abstract excerpt: Both insulin and glucagon have been extensively studied due to their critical roles in glucose metabolism, development, and disease. However, there is limited information about the molecular characteristics of insulin and glucagon in cetaceans. To better understand the information of these key endocrine factors of finless porpoises, we cloned and characterized both of the preproinsulin and preprog","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1777351","pubmedId":"42147104","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1777351","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:21.599Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"2adfec3f-f9b4-43be-92d6-0e6860beb64e","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"The expanding landscape of the glucagon signaling network: mechanisms and outcomes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41926708/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"The expanding landscape of the glucagon signaling network: mechanisms and outcomes.\" Abstract excerpt: Glucagon is a peptide hormone mainly secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets in response to nutritional stimuli. Traditionally recognized for its hyperglycemic function counteracting insulin action, it mainly acts on the liver to affect glycogen, amino acid, lipid, and energy metabolism. Beyond its metabolic effects, glucagon also increases hepatocyte cell survival and reduces viral r","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqag041","pubmedId":"41926708","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/endocr/bqag041","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:21.674Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"8aedd053-48f6-413f-94bf-e25b3fd4f142","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Unequal distribution of plasma glucagon levels among clustering-based diabetes subtypes: a Japanese cohort.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41388999/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Unequal distribution of plasma glucagon levels among clustering-based diabetes subtypes: a Japanese cohort.\" Abstract excerpt: Hyperglucagonemia contributes to disturbances in glucose metabolism. Data-driven diabetes clustering reflects risk of diabetic complications better than classical classification, type 1 diabetes (T1D) vs type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, the pathophysiological features have not been clarified. To assess the distribution of plasma glucagon levels among clustering-based diabetes subtypes. A total of 5","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1210/clinem/dgaf654","pubmedId":"41388999","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaf654","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:21.747Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"9b24c304-a5f9-4aa1-b75f-dad0e9acdfeb","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Conformational determinants of glucagon stability and aggregation kinetics in aqueous and commercial formulations.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42557738/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Conformational determinants of glucagon stability and aggregation kinetics in aqueous and commercial formulations.\" Abstract excerpt: Glucagon is a well-established therapeutic peptide, widely used to treat hypoglycemia. Like many peptide drugs, it offers advantages such as specificity, biocompatibility, and high affinity for receptor targets, but suffers from limited physical and chemical stability. In particular, improper conditions can promote the formation of amyloid fibrils, leading to loss of biological activity and, in so","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1002/pro.70750","pubmedId":"42557738","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/pro.70750","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:21.820Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"d79a555f-16e5-49b1-b227-588c4fe20a44","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"cAMP signalling in insulin and glucagon secretion","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.12993","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"cAMP signalling in insulin and glucagon secretion\" Abstract excerpt: The \"second messenger\" archetype cAMP is one of the most important cellular signalling molecules with central functions including the regulation of insulin and glucagon secretion from the pancreatic &#x3b2;- and &#x3b1;-cells, respectively. cAMP is generally considered as an amplifier of insulin secretion triggered by Ca 2+ elevation in the &#x3b2;-cells. Both messengers are also positive modulato","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1111/dom.12993","pubmedId":"28466587","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/dom.12993","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:21.894Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"6f51bc7e-cc86-498c-8496-e785038cc6dc","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"STUDIES ON THE PHARMACOLOGY OF GLUCAGON","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3565(25)25785-8","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"STUDIES ON THE PHARMACOLOGY OF GLUCAGON\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1960,"doi":"10.1016/s0022-3565(25)25785-8","pubmedId":"13821530","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)25785-8","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:21.970Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"7a1dc0a9-6004-4d75-9176-316ff3662e53","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Experimental chronic fetal hyperglucagonemia stimulates hepatic pathways for amino acid catabolism and gluconeogenesis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41988876/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Experimental chronic fetal hyperglucagonemia stimulates hepatic pathways for amino acid catabolism and gluconeogenesis.\" Abstract excerpt: Glucagon activates amino acid catabolism and gluconeogenesis in adults. Elevated glucagon concentrations in the fetus occur in pregnancy complications, such as fetal growth restriction (FGR) and hypoxia, yet the impact of chronic fetal hyperglucagonemia is unknown. Using chronically catheterized pregnant sheep, glucose tracers, and liver tissue biopsies, we investigated the effects of nine days of","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1530/joe-25-0447","pubmedId":"41988876","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1530/joe-25-0447","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:22.047Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"51eef50b-1f55-4c67-92d5-f86d2abf158f","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Antecedent hypoglycaemia impairs glucagon secretion by enhancing somatostatin-mediated negative feedback control.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41530286/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Antecedent hypoglycaemia impairs glucagon secretion by enhancing somatostatin-mediated negative feedback control.\" Abstract excerpt: Somatostatin, produced by pancreatic islet &#x3b4; cells, is a key intra-islet paracrine factor that regulates the secretion of the glucoregulatory hormones insulin and glucagon from &#x3b2; cells and &#x3b1; cells, respectively. Here, we show that glutamate and glucagon released by &#x3b1; cells cooperatively activate neighbouring &#x3b4; cells through AMPA and glucagon receptors, thereby enablin","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1038/s42255-025-01422-7","pubmedId":"41530286","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s42255-025-01422-7","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:22.123Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"1b553164-a50e-4d36-a375-ab64f3882dea","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Somatostatin Receptor PET/CT in a Glucagonoma Presenting With Necrolytic Migratory Erythema and Normoglucagonemia: A Diagnostic Dilemma.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41937553/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Somatostatin Receptor PET/CT in a Glucagonoma Presenting With Necrolytic Migratory Erythema and Normoglucagonemia: A Diagnostic Dilemma.\" Abstract excerpt: Glucagonoma is a rare pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor characterized by necrolytic migratory erythema (NME), diabetes, and weight loss. Diagnosis can be difficult, especially when serum glucagon levels are normal. We report a case of a 49-year-old woman with chronic pruritic skin lesions and significant weight loss. Skin biopsy confirmed NME, while laboratory tests showed hyperglycemia and normal s","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1097/rlu.0000000000006259","pubmedId":"41937553","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/rlu.0000000000006259","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:22.195Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"2a245523-6c99-4465-a56c-701a3c12c64f","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Whey Protein Ingestion Stimulates Glucagon Secretion and Raises Blood Glucose Levels in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42030105/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Whey Protein Ingestion Stimulates Glucagon Secretion and Raises Blood Glucose Levels in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: This study characterized the dose effect of whey protein isolate (WPI) ingestion on glucagon secretion, glycemia, and the underlying mechanisms in adults with type 1 diabetes. Twelve insulin pump-treated adults with type 1 diabetes (mean &#xb1; SD age 47.3 &#xb1; 16.4 years; BMI 26.1 &#xb1; 3.8 kg/m2) and six adults without diabetes (age 36.2 &#xb1; 20.9 years; BMI 27.3 &#xb1; 5.8 kg/m2) received ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.2337/db26-0059","pubmedId":"42030105","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/db26-0059","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:22.271Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"efa56668-672c-496e-a966-cde2077512eb","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Islet β-cell secretion determines glucagon release from neighbouring α-cells","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb951","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Islet β-cell secretion determines glucagon release from neighbouring α-cells\" Abstract excerpt: Homeostasis of blood glucose is maintained by hormone secretion from the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Glucose stimulates insulin secretion from beta-cells but suppresses the release of glucagon, a hormone that raises blood glucose, from alpha-cells. The mechanism by which nutrients stimulate insulin secretion has been studied extensively: ATP has been identified as the main messenger and the A","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1038/ncb951","pubmedId":"12640462","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/ncb951","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:22.352Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"f6c71ea5-d873-4ecf-981a-1ba3380d5b72","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Physiology and pathophysiology of glucagon","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1976.56.4.778","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Physiology and pathophysiology of glucagon\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1976,"doi":"10.1152/physrev.1976.56.4.778","pubmedId":"185634","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1152/physrev.1976.56.4.778","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:22.427Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"394b26b0-4335-4e5e-a14b-3a513cafb501","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"PROMOTION OF INSULIN SECRETION BY GLUCAGON","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(65)90761-0","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"PROMOTION OF INSULIN SECRETION BY GLUCAGON\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1965,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(65)90761-0","pubmedId":"14346763","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(65)90761-0","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:22.500Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"0b9105b6-f4c5-4319-8016-1dcca8bc2565","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Intra-Islet Paracrine Regulation of Glucagon Secretion During Hypoglycemia, Euglycemia, and Hyperglycemia.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734243/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Intra-Islet Paracrine Regulation of Glucagon Secretion During Hypoglycemia, Euglycemia, and Hyperglycemia.\" Abstract excerpt: The regulation of glucagon and insulin secretion, from pancreatic &#x3b1;- and &#x3b2;-cells, respectively, is essential for maintaining blood glucose within the physiological set point. Insulin secretion is stimulated as glucose rises from euglycemia, with incretin hormones modulating the secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. Glucagon secretion is elevated with hypoglycemia but also with hyper","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/nyas.70384","pubmedId":"42734243","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/nyas.70384","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:22.575Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"7bfb60ce-5a7f-4e02-9134-a7fe017dd21c","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Nonlinear Mixed Effects Modeling of Glucagon Kinetics Assessed Using [&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt;N]-Glucagon in Individuals With and Without Type 1 Diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41336693/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Nonlinear Mixed Effects Modeling of Glucagon Kinetics Assessed Using [&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt;N]-Glucagon in Individuals With and Without Type 1 Diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: To date, few studies have quantified glucagon kinetics in humans with and without diabetes, with results often varying due to differences in experimental designs and glucagon assay methodologies. This has limited the ability to study glucagon secretion in vivo using methods such as deconvolution. To overcome these limitations, a novel stable glucagon tracer, [ 13 C 15 N]-glucagon, along with high-","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1109/embc58623.2025.11254301","pubmedId":"41336693","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1109/embc58623.2025.11254301","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:22.653Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"8f3296e3-b6c4-4b6d-bc0d-958772d9b5f6","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"In vivo dysregulation of insulin and glucagon secretion: Disturbed mitochonderial VDAC1 expression and localization in pancreatic β-cells convey global insulin secretory defects in diabetic GK rat.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42402267/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"In vivo dysregulation of insulin and glucagon secretion: Disturbed mitochonderial VDAC1 expression and localization in pancreatic β-cells convey global insulin secretory defects in diabetic GK rat.\" Abstract excerpt: The mildly diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat is widely used to study type 2 diabetes (T2D), yet the mechanisms underlying defective insulin secretion in this model remain incompletely understood. We therefore investigated the effects of multiple secretagogues on insulin and glucagon secretion as well as on blood glucose in vivo, followed by mechanistic studies assessing insulin secretion, ATP conten","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbadis.2026.168358","pubmedId":"42402267","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2026.168358","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:23.171Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"1a0f4595-9fbf-49ca-bba2-9cfcb2e6837a","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Regulation of Pancreatic Insulin and Glucagon Secretion","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.38.030176.002033","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Regulation of Pancreatic Insulin and Glucagon Secretion\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1976,"doi":"10.1146/annurev.ph.38.030176.002033","pubmedId":"769657","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.38.030176.002033","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:23.243Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"3eae77be-f423-471c-9caa-4b7c8c572dbe","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Insulin Signaling in α Cells Modulates Glucagon Secretion In Vivo","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2009.02.007","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Insulin Signaling in α Cells Modulates Glucagon Secretion In Vivo\" Abstract excerpt: Glucagon plays an important role in glucose homeostasis by regulating hepatic glucose output in both normo- and hypoglycemic conditions. In this study, we created and characterized alpha cell-specific insulin receptor knockout (alphaIRKO) mice to directly explore the role of insulin signaling in the regulation of glucagon secretion in vivo. Adult male alphaIRKO mice exhibited mild glucose intolera","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2009.02.007","pubmedId":"19356716","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2009.02.007","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:23.316Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"3d4f373d-cc56-4ded-8b10-f3a728b7f00b","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Insulin within islets is a physiologic glucagon release inhibitor.","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1172/jci111658","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Insulin within islets is a physiologic glucagon release inhibitor.\" Abstract excerpt: To determine if glucagon secretion is under physiological control of intra-islet insulin, pancreata from normal rats were perfused at a 100 mg/dl glucose concentration with either guinea pig antiinsulin serum or normal guinea pig serum in a nonrecirculating system. Perfusion of antiserum was followed within 3 min by a significant rise in glucagon that reached peak levels three times the base-line ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1984,"doi":"10.1172/jci111658","pubmedId":"6392344","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1172/jci111658","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:23.394Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"65bf1c66-9b3e-412f-a835-0666bdaa8ccb","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Pax6 is required for differentiation of glucagon-producing α-cells in mouse pancreas","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/387406a0","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Pax6 is required for differentiation of glucagon-producing α-cells in mouse pancreas\" Abstract excerpt: The functional unit of the endocrine pancreas is the islet of Langerhans. Islets are nested within the exocrine tissue of the pancreas and are composed of alpha-, beta-, delta- and gamma-cells. beta-Cells produce insulin and form the core of the islet, whereas alpha-, delta- and gamma-cells are arranged at the periphery of the islet and secrete glucagon, somatostatin and a pancreatic polypeptide, ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.1038/387406a0","pubmedId":"9163426","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/387406a0","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:23.466Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"ff5a2c6f-e8ad-41c2-8c33-7788fcfdda0a","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Physiology of the pancreatic α-cell and glucagon secretion: role in glucose homeostasis and diabetes","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1677/joe-08-0290","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Physiology of the pancreatic α-cell and glucagon secretion: role in glucose homeostasis and diabetes\" Abstract excerpt: The secretion of glucagon by pancreatic alpha-cells plays a critical role in the regulation of glycaemia. This hormone counteracts hypoglycaemia and opposes insulin actions by stimulating hepatic glucose synthesis and mobilization, thereby increasing blood glucose concentrations. During the last decade, knowledge of alpha-cell physiology has greatly improved, especially concerning molecular and ce","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1677/joe-08-0290","pubmedId":"18669612","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1677/joe-08-0290","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:23.539Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"6af467de-7d2e-4902-8ee0-9286305c9751","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Somatostatin receptors shape insulin and glucagon output within the pancreatic islet in mice through direct and paracrine effects.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42322376/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Somatostatin receptors shape insulin and glucagon output within the pancreatic islet in mice through direct and paracrine effects.\" Abstract excerpt: Pancreatic delta cells secrete somatostatin (SST), which can inhibit both alpha cells and beta cells of the pancreatic islet. By controlling insulin and glucagon release, delta cells play an important role in maintaining nutrient homeostasis. However, the mechanism by which a single inhibitory hormone inhibits both alpha cells and beta cells, which are often considered as functional antagonists in","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s00125-026-06769-4","pubmedId":"42322376","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00125-026-06769-4","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:23.616Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"cae1f860-96ae-49df-8f9b-4bb212a282f3","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Intra-islet α-cell Gs signaling promotes glucagon release.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38879678/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Intra-islet α-cell Gs signaling promotes glucagon release.\" Abstract excerpt: Glucagon, a hormone released from pancreatic &#x3b1;-cells, is critical for maintaining euglycemia and plays a key role in the pathophysiology of diabetes. To stimulate the development of new classes of therapeutic agents targeting glucagon release, key &#x3b1;-cell signaling pathways that regulate glucagon secretion need to be identified. Here, we focused on the potential importance of &#x3b1;-ce","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-024-49537-x","pubmedId":"38879678","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: WPF seed. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49537-x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:23.691Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"1857a23b-4bcf-4ce2-ba7d-c414b80c0570","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Insulin Secretion Depends on Intra-islet Glucagon Signaling","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.018","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Insulin Secretion Depends on Intra-islet Glucagon Signaling\" Abstract excerpt: The intra-islet theory states that glucagon secretion is suppressed when insulin secretion is stimulated, but glucagon's role in intra-islet paracrine regulation is controversial. This study investigated intra-islet&#xa0;functions of glucagon in mice. We examined glucagon-induced insulin secretion using isolated perfused pancreata from wild-type, GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) knockout, diphtheria toxin-","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.018","pubmedId":"30380405","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.018","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:23.767Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"c9104322-6a14-49b5-804f-ed7808fce452","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Early loss and progressive deterioration of glucagon responses to hypoglycemia in children with type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42648789/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Early loss and progressive deterioration of glucagon responses to hypoglycemia in children with type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Impaired glucagon counterregulation is a major contributor to hypoglycemia risk in type 1 diabetes (T1D). While well described in adults, the timing, trajectory, and determinants of glucagon dysfunction in children remain poorly defined. Our objective was to characterize the evolution of glucagon secretion during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in children with newly diagnosed T1D and to identify bio","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1136/bmjdrc-2026-005959","pubmedId":"42648789","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2026-005959","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:23.843Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"6a6093f1-cdfc-4fc7-9a33-90f654b1a1cb","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"A simple mechanistic model for insulin-glucose-glucagon dynamics and its implications for diabetes management.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42448581/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"A simple mechanistic model for insulin-glucose-glucagon dynamics and its implications for diabetes management.\" Abstract excerpt: Insulin and glucose dynamics are tightly regulated by the pancreatic islets of Langerhans, which contain beta cells that produce insulin and alpha cells that produce glucagon. Insulin lowers blood glucose by enabling cells to access glucose for energy, while glucagon raises blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver to produce glucose from non-carbohydrate sources as well as breaking down store","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3934/mbe.2026060","pubmedId":"42448581","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3934/mbe.2026060","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:23.916Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"ec882150-a233-4461-8c62-3a1df6e7ebae","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"International Union of Pharmacology. XXXV. The Glucagon Receptor Family","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.55.1.6","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"International Union of Pharmacology. XXXV. The Glucagon Receptor Family\" Abstract excerpt: Peptide hormones within the secretin-glucagon family are expressed in endocrine cells of the pancreas and gastrointestinal epithelium and in specialized neurons in the brain, and subserve multiple biological functions, including regulation of growth, nutrient intake, and transit within the gut, and digestion, energy absorption, and energy assimilation. Glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1, glucagon-l","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1124/pr.55.1.6","pubmedId":"12615957","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Receptors, Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1124/pr.55.1.6","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:23.991Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"bd9deae0-89d2-4074-a143-bf5fc35e747d","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Effect of somatostatin receptor 2 antagonism on glucagon counterregulation during a hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic-hypoglycaemic glucose clamp in adult men and women with long-standing type 1 diabetes: a randomised crossover phase 1 study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42168649/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Effect of somatostatin receptor 2 antagonism on glucagon counterregulation during a hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic-hypoglycaemic glucose clamp in adult men and women with long-standing type 1 diabetes: a randomised crossover phase 1 study.\" Abstract excerpt: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a novel somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) antagonist, ZT-01, on impaired glucagon counterregulation in hypoglycaemia and its safety in adults with type 1 diabetes. In a randomised crossover phase 1b single-site study, blinded to both participants and researchers, participants, aged 18-65 years with BMI 18.5-27 kg/m 2 with type 1 diabetes (HbA 1c 4","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s00125-026-06748-9","pubmedId":"42168649","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00125-026-06748-9","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:24.068Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"a97e8d17-6267-47db-bd4c-bf547f68a8e4","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"TRPM7 kinase regulates α-cell proliferation and glucagon production in mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41520832/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"TRPM7 kinase regulates α-cell proliferation and glucagon production in mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Glucagon is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis, yet the molecular mechanisms governing &#x3b1;-cell function remain incompletely understood. Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) is a ubiquitously expressed ion channel with an intrinsic kinase domain, which regulates the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in various cell types. Given the central role of mTOR in &","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.molmet.2026.102317","pubmedId":"41520832","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2026.102317","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:24.143Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"ea079338-0ce8-4b04-b377-1a7e46969b09","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide and Glucagon After Weight Loss Induced by Diet or Bariatric Surgery.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41024443/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide and Glucagon After Weight Loss Induced by Diet or Bariatric Surgery.\" Abstract excerpt: This study compared the effects of a very low-energy diet (VLED), alone or combined with sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), on glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon concentrations, hormones likely to play a role in weight loss maintenance. Participants with severe obesity underwent 10 weeks of VLED alone (n = 15) or combined with SG (n = 15) or RY","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1002/oby.70049","pubmedId":"41024443","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/oby.70049","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:24.220Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"4260c73c-2e4d-4fe5-bf39-035506950701","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Twelve weeks of voluntary wheel running restores glucagon sensitivity in middle-aged mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41494661/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Twelve weeks of voluntary wheel running restores glucagon sensitivity in middle-aged mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Aerobic exercise training is a potent intervention for the treatment and prevention of age-related metabolic disease, which is characterized by both insulin and glucagon resistance. Although insulin resistance is a key driver of metabolic disease in aging, glucagon signaling is equally critical in maintaining both glucose and lipid homeostasis, particularly during exercise. Previous studies have e","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00244.2025","pubmedId":"41494661","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00244.2025","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:24.294Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"e0438fef-52ab-4dc9-a5bb-6747fa89b651","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"The effect of experimental insulin deficiency on glucagon secretion","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1172/jci106691","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"The effect of experimental insulin deficiency on glucagon secretion\" Abstract excerpt: Suppression of pancreatic glucagon secretion by hyperglycemia is a characteristic of normal alpha cell function. However, in diabetic subjects, plasma glucagon is normal or high despite hyperglycemia. It seemed possible that the presence of glucose or its metabolites within the alpha cell might be essential for suppression of glucagon secretion, and that in diabetes an intracellular deficiency of ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1971,"doi":"10.1172/jci106691","pubmedId":"4935445","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1172/jci106691","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:24.367Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"d57288e9-450e-42d4-a50e-32b04a0b793c","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Effects of Pharmacological GIP Infusion on Insulin, Glucagon, and Cardiovascular Responses During Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42447284/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Effects of Pharmacological GIP Infusion on Insulin, Glucagon, and Cardiovascular Responses During Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: The pharmacological actions of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) remain incompletely defined. We evaluated the acute effects of intravenous GIP infusion at a pharmacological dose on glucose homeostasis and cardiovascular responses during hyperglycemia in individuals with T2D. Ten participants, whose T2D was managed by diet and/or metformin monotherapy (n =","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.2337/db26-0267","pubmedId":"42447284","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/db26-0267","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:24.439Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"f4ae96a8-2164-4fa7-abc8-7b8bd77c37ae","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Prostate T2-weighted spin-echo MRI with and without glucagon: a paired scan quality assessment.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41081882/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Prostate T2-weighted spin-echo MRI with and without glucagon: a paired scan quality assessment.\" Abstract excerpt: To evaluate the effectiveness of subcutaneous glucagon in reducing motion artifact during prostate MRI through intraindividual comparison. At our institution patients undergoing a clinical prostate MRI exam receive 1&#xa0;mg of subcutaneous glucagon before scanning. From February 15, 2024 to February 11, 2025 33 such patients were recruited to undergo an additional, research exam without glucagon.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s00261-025-05215-0","pubmedId":"41081882","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00261-025-05215-0","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:24.515Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"b8430c09-5036-4186-9f7a-170311cca860","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Stathmin-2 mediates paracrine hormone regulation of glucagon through lysosomal trafficking in αTC1-6 cells.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42625306/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Stathmin-2 mediates paracrine hormone regulation of glucagon through lysosomal trafficking in αTC1-6 cells.\" Abstract excerpt: The secretion of glucagon from the pancreatic alpha (&#x3b1;) cell within the islets of Langerhans is physiologically regulated by nutrients (glucose, amino acids, fatty acids), neurotransmitters and paracrine hormones. Insulin and somatostatin form an intra-islet paracrine network to control glucagon secretion through direct inhibitory effects on &#x3b1; cell secretory granule exocytosis. In a po","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1113/jp291537","pubmedId":"42625306","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1113/jp291537","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:24.590Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"36fa9d70-5ab0-4f4a-9ed5-35043a6e6bbc","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Metabolic and Paracrine Heterogeneity of Pancreatic Glucagon-Secreting α-Cells.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40184031/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Metabolic and Paracrine Heterogeneity of Pancreatic Glucagon-Secreting α-Cells.\" Abstract excerpt: By stimulating hepatic glucose production, glucagon (released by islet &#x3b1;-cells) restores normal blood glucose levels when they fall below the normal range. We used optogenetics in conjunction with electrophysiology, cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration imaging, and hormone release measurements to explore the intrinsic and paracrine regulation of glucagon secretion. Many &#x3b1;-cells were spo","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.2337/db24-1053","pubmedId":"40184031","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/db24-1053","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:24.664Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"3286c8d0-1ab3-40fb-b605-574bbf312a93","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Partial restoration of counterregulatory circulating glucagon by dapagliflozin and low-dose glibenclamide in men with type 1 diabetes: in vitro studies and randomised clinical crossover trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42155411/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Partial restoration of counterregulatory circulating glucagon by dapagliflozin and low-dose glibenclamide in men with type 1 diabetes: in vitro studies and randomised clinical crossover trial.\" Abstract excerpt: Hypoglycaemia, a common complication of insulin-treated diabetes, especially type 1 diabetes (T1D), is caused by impaired counterregulatory increases in plasma glucagon, leading to decreased hepatic glucose production. Alpha-cells in the pancreatic islets, which have sulfonylurea-sensitive ATP-regulated potassium (K ATP ) channels, secrete glucagon at low plasma glucose levels in response to incre","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2026.106298","pubmedId":"42155411","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2026.106298","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:24.738Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"3b4fbafd-16ca-4c75-ab6e-f3f55c3b7a0e","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Pancreatic signals controlling food intake; insulin, glucagon and amylin","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1858","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Pancreatic signals controlling food intake; insulin, glucagon and amylin\" Abstract excerpt: The control of food intake and body weight by the brain relies upon the detection and integration of signals reflecting energy stores and fluxes, and their interaction with many different inputs related to food palatability and gastrointestinal handling as well as social, emotional, circadian, habitual and other situational factors. This review focuses upon the role of hormones secreted by the end","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1098/rstb.2006.1858","pubmedId":"16815800","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1858","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:24.810Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"89737b9b-ee08-4660-8d28-1487778ed7aa","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Prolonged Somatostatin Receptor 2 Antagonism Enhances Glucagon Response to Hypoglycemia in Male Diabetic Rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41502124/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Prolonged Somatostatin Receptor 2 Antagonism Enhances Glucagon Response to Hypoglycemia in Male Diabetic Rats.\" Abstract excerpt: In diabetes, glucagon is typically oversecreted during hyperglycemia but undersecreted during hypoglycemia. Administration of a somatostatin receptor antagonist (SSTR2a) increases glucagon counterregulation during hypoglycemia in rodent models of type 1 diabetes (T1D) but less is known about its effect on glucagon in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Using a rodent model of insulin-requiring diabetes, we eva","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqaf192","pubmedId":"41502124","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/endocr/bqaf192","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:24.883Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"31190a39-d28c-4619-a0b7-0d22901c62a1","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"eNAMPT induces alpha-cell mass expansion but impaired glucagon counter regulatory response.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42271608/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"eNAMPT induces alpha-cell mass expansion but impaired glucagon counter regulatory response.\" Abstract excerpt: Loss of functional beta-cell mass, coupled with alpha-cell dysfunction are key factors in pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. We have reported that extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (eNAMPT) is elevated in type 2 diabetes and that elevated eNAMPT levels promote beta-cell dysfunction. To further investigate the effects of eNAMPT on beta-cell mass. Islets isolated from ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqag061","pubmedId":"42271608","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/endocr/bqag061","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:24.955Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"33a8db4b-2c4a-4165-b029-3eb6d6f4563f","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Expression cloning and signaling properties of the rat glucagon receptor","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.8384375","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Expression cloning and signaling properties of the rat glucagon receptor\" Abstract excerpt: Glucagon and the glucagon receptor are a primary source of control over blood glucose concentrations and are especially important to studies of diabetes in which the loss of control over blood glucose concentrations clinically defines the disease. A complementary DNA clone for the glucagon receptor was isolated by an expression cloning strategy, and the receptor protein was expressed in several ki","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1993,"doi":"10.1126/science.8384375","pubmedId":"8384375","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Receptors, Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1126/science.8384375","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:25.031Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"b9e59bb1-517b-40f3-97f7-77905c78f999","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Insulin Resistance Is Accompanied by Increased Fasting Glucagon and Delayed Glucagon Suppression in Individuals With Normal and Impaired Glucose Regulation","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2337/db16-0240","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Insulin Resistance Is Accompanied by Increased Fasting Glucagon and Delayed Glucagon Suppression in Individuals With Normal and Impaired Glucose Regulation\" Abstract excerpt: Hyperinsulinemia is an adaptive mechanism that enables the maintenance of normoglycemia in the presence of insulin resistance. We assessed whether glucagon is also involved in the adaptation to insulin resistance. A total of 1,437 individuals underwent an oral glucose tolerance test with measurements of circulating glucose, insulin, and glucagon concentrations at 0, 30 and 120 min. Early glucagon ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.2337/db16-0240","pubmedId":"27504013","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/db16-0240","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:25.111Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"b28efeb4-3757-4cf8-a5a7-5c4d9abba6a5","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Radioimmunological determination of pancreatic and gut glucagon in plasma","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02346248","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Radioimmunological determination of pancreatic and gut glucagon in plasma\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1971,"doi":"10.1007/bf02346248","pubmedId":"5313395","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/bf02346248","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:25.186Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"4450cf72-12c4-4c1e-9d39-7a1b2c1bba9c","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Hepatic steatosis in humans is associated with preserved glucagon action on amino acid metabolism.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41433112/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Hepatic steatosis in humans is associated with preserved glucagon action on amino acid metabolism.\" Abstract excerpt: BACKGROUNDAmino acid (AA) concentrations are increased in prediabetes and diabetes. Since AAs stimulate glucagon secretion, which should then increase hepatic AA catabolism, it has been hypothesized that hepatic resistance (associated with hepatic fat content) to glucagon's actions on AA metabolism leads to hyperglucagonemia and hyperglycemia.METHODSTo test this hypothesis, we therefore studied le","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1172/jci200913","pubmedId":"41433112","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1172/jci200913","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:25.259Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"d3c79cd1-29d3-4ea7-bc21-052a80b77016","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"A non-enzymatic function of neuraminidase 1 restrains hepatic glucagon response in mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42091883/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"A non-enzymatic function of neuraminidase 1 restrains hepatic glucagon response in mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Dysregulated hepatic gluconeogenesis driven by glucagon is a key contributor to hyperglycemia in diabetes, yet the molecular mechanisms that restrain this pathway remain incompletely understood. This study reveals neuraminidase 1 (NEU1) as a suppressor of hepatic glucagon-driven gluconeogenesis in diabetes. We found that glucagon challenge downregulates hepatic NEU1 expression, inversely correlati","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-026-72630-2","pubmedId":"42091883","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41467-026-72630-2","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:25.336Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"7136e7c8-f49d-4845-9085-c233f36a0358","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"THE EFFECTS OF TOTAL STARVATION UPON THE LEVELS OF CIRCULATING GLUCAGON AND INSULIN IN MAN*","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1172/jci104788","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"THE EFFECTS OF TOTAL STARVATION UPON THE LEVELS OF CIRCULATING GLUCAGON AND INSULIN IN MAN*\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1963,"doi":"10.1172/jci104788","pubmedId":"13995385","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1172/jci104788","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:25.411Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"6e4af6ea-7698-409b-9be3-ea2f9f376143","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Activation of two signal-transduction systems in hepatocytes by glucagon","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/323068a0","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Activation of two signal-transduction systems in hepatocytes by glucagon\" Abstract excerpt: The ability of glucagon to stimulate glycogen breakdown in liver played a key part in the classic identification of cyclic AMP and hormonally stimulated adenylate cyclase. But several observations indicate that glucagon can exert effects independent of elevating intracellular cAMP concentrations. These effects are probably mediated by an elevation of the intracellular concentration of free Ca2+ al","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1986,"doi":"10.1038/323068a0","pubmedId":"3018586","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"glucagon, N(alpha)-trinitrophenyl-His(1)-homo-Arg(12)-\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/323068a0","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:25.490Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"85e2f9c3-1392-482e-b0c0-c66f452e4908","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"EXPRESS: Comparing the Efficacy of Transmucosal and Subcutaneous Glucagon Administration in Response to Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia in Healthy Cats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42444066/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"EXPRESS: Comparing the Efficacy of Transmucosal and Subcutaneous Glucagon Administration in Response to Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia in Healthy Cats.\" Abstract excerpt: ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of two different formulations of glucagon given by three different routes (subcutaneous [SC], rectal [RCT] and intranasal [IN]) for correcting insulin-induced hypoglycemia in cats and to describe any adverse effects and compare the time required for administration by each route.MethodsA randomized, non-blinded, sham-controlled cro","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1177/1098612x261471152","pubmedId":"42444066","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/1098612x261471152","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:25.563Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"89ec9c10-8d10-476f-8aa1-6ff05cfe3d46","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"The Effects of Secretin, Pancreozymin, and Gastrin on Insulin and Glucagon Secretion in Anesthetized Dogs *","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1172/jci105565","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"The Effects of Secretin, Pancreozymin, and Gastrin on Insulin and Glucagon Secretion in Anesthetized Dogs *\" Abstract excerpt: The effects upon islet hormone secretion of highly purified preparations of secretin and of pancreozymin-cholecystokinin and of a crude gastrin-containing extract of hog antrum have been studied in acutely operated dogs. All three preparations were shown to cause a striking increase in insulin concentration in the pancreaticoduodenal venous plasma after their rapid endoportal injection in anesthet","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1967,"doi":"10.1172/jci105565","pubmedId":"4290022","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1172/jci105565","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:25.638Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"b2859fd7-0d58-431d-8050-0c7620575082","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"α-cell SLC38A5 supports amino acid-induced α-cell proliferation and glucagon secretion.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42375320/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"α-cell SLC38A5 supports amino acid-induced α-cell proliferation and glucagon secretion.\" Abstract excerpt: Pancreatic &#x3b1; cells are key regulators of glucose homeostasis, and dysregulated glucagon secretion contributes to hyperglycemia in diabetes. Amino acids strongly stimulate &#x3b1;-cell proliferation and glucagon release, yet the transport mechanisms underlying these responses remain incompletely defined. The neutral amino acid transporter SLC38A5 is highly enriched in &#x3b1; cells, but its &","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1830329","pubmedId":"42375320","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1830329","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:25.864Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"64da87b4-4707-46a0-a2ab-86a3b4750e40","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Differential Longitudinal Effects of Glucose-Lowering Medications on Glucagon and C-peptide Responses in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE).","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41432725/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Differential Longitudinal Effects of Glucose-Lowering Medications on Glucagon and C-peptide Responses in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE).\" Abstract excerpt: To determine the longitudinal effects on &#x3b1;-cell function of four classes of glucose-lowering agents added to metformin in adults with type 2 diabetes. In a multicenter, randomized study, 5,047 participants &#x2265;30 years of age with type 2 diabetes taking 1,000-2,000 mg metformin daily, HbA1c 6.8%-8.5%, were randomized to receive insulin glargine U100, glimepiride, liraglutide, or sitaglip","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.2337/dc25-2186","pubmedId":"41432725","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/dc25-2186","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:25.939Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"c5dfc8bd-2c43-44d4-b451-1ef5c6c67af7","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Chronic Glycaemic Control Modulates the Relationship Between GIP and Glucagon Secretion Following Oral and Enteral Nutrients in Type 2 Diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41943672/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Chronic Glycaemic Control Modulates the Relationship Between GIP and Glucagon Secretion Following Oral and Enteral Nutrients in Type 2 Diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) may exert both insulinotropic and glucagonotropic effects. While its insulinotropic action is reportedly attenuated or abolished with worsening of glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2D), the relationship between GIP and glucagon secretion across different levels of glycaemic control remains unclear. This study evaluated the relationship betwee","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/dom.70735","pubmedId":"41943672","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/dom.70735","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:26.016Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"9efa3a4e-217d-4b33-bbc4-866b7df2ea30","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Liver fibrosis and type 2 diabetes modulate postprandial incretin and glucagon responses in fatty liver disease.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41649634/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Liver fibrosis and type 2 diabetes modulate postprandial incretin and glucagon responses in fatty liver disease.\" Abstract excerpt: The study aims to characterize the secretion dynamics of glucagon-related peptides, including GLP-1, GIP, and GLP-2, across different stages of metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), while evaluating the impact of type 2 diabetes (T2D) on these hormonal responses. Thirty-four MASLD subjects were stratified according with the liver transient elastography (TE &#x2265; 9&#xa0;kPa) and ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s13105-026-01141-x","pubmedId":"41649634","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s13105-026-01141-x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:26.090Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"bab09f8c-f94e-4f2b-8381-06881a83e54b","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"PARTICIPATION OF LYSOSOMES IN CELLULAR AUTOPHAGY INDUCED IN RAT LIVER BY GLUCAGON","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.35.2.c11","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"PARTICIPATION OF LYSOSOMES IN CELLULAR AUTOPHAGY INDUCED IN RAT LIVER BY GLUCAGON\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1967,"doi":"10.1083/jcb.35.2.c11","pubmedId":"6055998","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1083/jcb.35.2.c11","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:26.163Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"cc638bff-7fee-42a5-b66d-2bbec8c2ac3d","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Sodium-glucose cotransporter-specific substrate αMG stimulates endogenous glucagon secretion and ameliorates obesity-associated metabolic disorders in mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41619806/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Sodium-glucose cotransporter-specific substrate αMG stimulates endogenous glucagon secretion and ameliorates obesity-associated metabolic disorders in mice.\" Abstract excerpt: While glucagon raises blood glucose levels, it also promotes lipolysis and energy expenditure, and suppresses food intake and gastrointestinal motility, thereby resulting in weight loss. We previously reported that sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) is highly expressed in pancreatic &#x3b1; cells. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of &#x3b1;-methyl d-glucopyranoside (&#x3b1;MG","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.molmet.2026.102324","pubmedId":"41619806","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2026.102324","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:26.236Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"0c07a4ea-6165-44b0-9bae-516e95563a12","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"One Week Exposure to a Somatostatin Receptor 2 Antagonist (SSTR2a) Enhances Glucagon Counterregulation to Insulin-Induced Hypoglycaemia and Does Not Worsen Glycemia in a Male Rat Model of Insulin-Requiring Type 2 Diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42315494/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"One Week Exposure to a Somatostatin Receptor 2 Antagonist (SSTR2a) Enhances Glucagon Counterregulation to Insulin-Induced Hypoglycaemia and Does Not Worsen Glycemia in a Male Rat Model of Insulin-Requiring Type 2 Diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Administration of a somatostatin receptor 2 antagonist (SSTR2a) increases glucagon responsiveness to hypoglycaemia in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the durability of this effect and the impact of repeated SSTR2a dosing on overall glycaemia in T2D are unclear. This study evaluated the effects of daily SSTR2a administration on glucagon counterregulation and overall glycaemia in a male r","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/dom.71012","pubmedId":"42315494","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/dom.71012","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:26.310Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"5879fb24-0790-4878-99c4-03dd3d6258a2","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Loss of Slc39a5 in α-cells impairs glucose metabolism by chronically increasing glucagon.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41223989/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Loss of Slc39a5 in α-cells impairs glucose metabolism by chronically increasing glucagon.\" Abstract excerpt: Glucagon is a critical regulator of glucose homeostasis by regulating liver glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Hyperglucagonemia has been observed in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, whether elevated glucagon is cause or consequence in the pathogenesis of T2DM is poorly investigated. This study aimed to investigate the metabolic effects of chronic glucagon elevation using a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.jare.2025.11.013","pubmedId":"41223989","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jare.2025.11.013","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:26.383Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"39451583-1bdb-4532-bdd1-8678e0f0c779","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Regulation of hepatic regeneration in rats by synergistic action of insulin and glucagon.","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.72.3.1157","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Regulation of hepatic regeneration in rats by synergistic action of insulin and glucagon.\" Abstract excerpt: Rats were subjected to resection of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and spleen, and maintained by c-ntinuous intravenous infusion. Such animals, receiving only electrolytes and glucose, and deprived of a portal blood supply, responded to 68% hepatectomy with a significant rise in hepatic DNA synthesis, which was, however, greatly delayed and diminished compared to normal controls. The activi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1975,"doi":"10.1073/pnas.72.3.1157","pubmedId":"1055372","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1073/pnas.72.3.1157","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:26.454Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"b6d122b0-c19c-418e-993c-bbea6c7d8c3d","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Uncoupling Insulin Sensitivity From Longevity: A Sex-Dependent Effect of Hepatic Glucagon Signaling.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41482628/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Uncoupling Insulin Sensitivity From Longevity: A Sex-Dependent Effect of Hepatic Glucagon Signaling.\" Abstract excerpt: Glucagon, a key hormone in maintaining euglycemia during fasting, also exerts broad metabolic effects, including regulation of lipid oxidation, adiposity, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic rate. However, its role in aging and longevity remains largely unexplored, a significant omission given the extensive research on dietary restriction and insulin signaling in lifespan modulation. Here, we inves","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/acel.70349","pubmedId":"41482628","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/acel.70349","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:26.526Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"65652014-ac1a-4821-98af-89547db3f978","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Paracrine inhibition via G protein inwardly rectifying potassium channels regulates glucagon secretion from human pancreatic alpha cells.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41824458/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Paracrine inhibition via G protein inwardly rectifying potassium channels regulates glucagon secretion from human pancreatic alpha cells.\" Abstract excerpt: Impaired glucagon secretion from pancreatic alpha cells is a cause of life-threatening hypoglycemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The mechanisms that lead to defective glucagon secretion remain unclear. Here, we show that the human alpha cell's competence to secrete glucagon depends on paracrine inhibitory input from beta (serotonin [5-HT], &#x3b3;-aminobutyric acid [GABA]) and delta ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117068","pubmedId":"41824458","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117068","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:26.599Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"9f041f66-eaad-4844-b96b-e053a1cf012c","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Association between sleep disorders and alterations in glucose metabolism, insulin, and glucagon in patients with type 2 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41686553/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Association between sleep disorders and alterations in glucose metabolism, insulin, and glucagon in patients with type 2 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: This retrospective observational study investigated the association between sleep disorders and alterations in glucose metabolism, insulin secretion, and glucagon regulation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 294 patients with T2DM were enrolled between January 2020 and December 2024, including 108 patients with sleep disorders and 186 without. Sleep quality was assessed ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1097/md.0000000000047409","pubmedId":"41686553","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/md.0000000000047409","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:26.675Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"828a40ad-0961-40a5-a4f9-ebef625958af","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"SEL1L-HRD1 ER-associated degradation facilitates prohormone convertase 2 maturation and glucagon production in islet α cells.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41741474/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"SEL1L-HRD1 ER-associated degradation facilitates prohormone convertase 2 maturation and glucagon production in islet α cells.\" Abstract excerpt: Proteolytic cleavage of proglucagon by prohormone convertase 2 (PC2) is required for islet &#x3b1; cells to generate glucagon. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying this process remain largely unclear. Here, we report that SEL1L-HRD1 endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD), a highly conserved protein quality control system responsible for clearing misfolded proteins from t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-026-69928-6","pubmedId":"41741474","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41467-026-69928-6","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:26.751Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"c05f1d85-2f71-4fb7-a7a6-6d8218fa0992","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"The Origin and Function of the Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP)/Glucagon Superfamily*","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/edrv.21.6.0414","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"The Origin and Function of the Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP)/Glucagon Superfamily*\" Abstract excerpt: The pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)/ glucagon superfamily includes nine hormones in humans that are related by structure, distribution (especially the brain and gut), function (often by activation of cAMP), and receptors (a subset of seven-transmembrane receptors). The nine hormones include glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), GLP-2, glucose-dependent insulinotropi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1210/edrv.21.6.0414","pubmedId":"11133067","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/edrv.21.6.0414","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:26.828Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"e5befa07-60d0-4268-847f-9ab12dfd6ecc","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Reduces Glycemia, Sustains Insulin Levels, and Reduces Glucagon Levels in Type 2 Diabetes","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-031907","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Reduces Glycemia, Sustains Insulin Levels, and Reduces Glucagon Levels in Type 2 Diabetes\" Abstract excerpt: The stimulation of insulin vs. inhibition of glucagon secretion in relation to the antidiabetic action of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is not established. Here, the influence of a 4-wk increase in circulating GLP-1 by inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) on 24-h glucose and insulin and glucagon responses to breakfast was studied in subjects with dietary controlled diabetes [age: 65 +/- ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2003-031907","pubmedId":"15126524","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031907","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:26.903Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"5808d782-4778-405a-be49-eda4435ae475","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"The bile acid-sensive ion channel (BASIC) is expressed in pancreatic α-cells and involved in glucagon secretion.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42521859/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"The bile acid-sensive ion channel (BASIC) is expressed in pancreatic α-cells and involved in glucagon secretion.\" Abstract excerpt: Pancreatic &#x3b1;-cells play a key role in glucose homeostasis through glucagon secretion. Here, we discover that the bile acid-sensitive ion channel (BASIC), a Na + channel of the DEG/ENaC family, has a hitherto unrecognized role in &#x3b1;-cell function. We found that BASIC is mainly expressed in glucagon-positive &#x3b1;-cells of mouse islets. Genetic ablation of BASIC in mice reduced &#x3b1;-","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s00424-026-03199-4","pubmedId":"42521859","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00424-026-03199-4","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:26.978Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"e1686f56-5806-4f5e-818b-02ea71fa2bac","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Integrated Experimental and Molecular Modeling Techniques to Investigate the Buffer Effects on Glucagon Stability.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41792504/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Integrated Experimental and Molecular Modeling Techniques to Investigate the Buffer Effects on Glucagon Stability.\" Abstract excerpt: Peptide drugs are a vital category of biologics. However, unlike the well-studied effects of buffers on small-molecule or macromolecule drugs, the understanding of selecting appropriate buffers for peptide formulations and their specific impacts remains insufficient. This study aimed to systematically evaluate how different buffers affect the stability of the model peptide, glucagon, and to invest","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s11095-026-04022-6","pubmedId":"41792504","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s11095-026-04022-6","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:27.055Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"342cd865-0753-48a9-ab0d-8312dfbec1f7","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Pancreatic α-cell sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) does not appear to contribute to hyperglucagonemia and glucose intolerance in diabetic mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41371691/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Pancreatic α-cell sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) does not appear to contribute to hyperglucagonemia and glucose intolerance in diabetic mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Pancreatic &#x3b1;-cells secrete glucagon, a hormone that elevates blood glucose levels. In type 2 diabetes, high plasma glucagon levels are associated with hyperglycemia. However, the underlying mechanisms of increasing glucagon secretion remain unclear. We focused on the intrinsic regulatory mechanisms of glucagon secretion in &#x3b1;-cells, in particular sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1), ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1507/endocrj.ej25-0403","pubmedId":"41371691","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej25-0403","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:27.126Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"03a8ad6a-fb0e-44af-b772-ce279da9bf9f","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"Inhibition of the glucose transporter SGLT2 with dapagliflozin in pancreatic alpha cells triggers glucagon secretion","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3828","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"Inhibition of the glucose transporter SGLT2 with dapagliflozin in pancreatic alpha cells triggers glucagon secretion\" Abstract excerpt: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from a deficiency in insulin signaling, because of insulin resistance and/or defects in insulin secretion; it is also associated with increases in glucagon and endogenous glucose production (EGP). Gliflozins, including dapagliflozin, are a new class of approved oral antidiabetic agents that specifically inhibit sodium-glucos","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1038/nm.3828","pubmedId":"25894829","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. 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MSC from human bone marrow and adipose tissue represent very similar cell populations with comparable phenotypes. Adipose tissue is abundant and easily accessible and could thus also harbor cells with the potential to differentiate in insulin","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.01.072","pubmedId":"16460677","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. 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Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1972.tb01903.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:27.346Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"},{"id":"ca03054b-03fe-4780-9f09-5f455402547b","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","title":"The ApoA-IV-LRP1 Signaling Axis: A Novel Insulin-Independent Pathway for the Suppression of Diabetic Hyperglucagonemia.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42439702/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Glucagon: \"The ApoA-IV-LRP1 Signaling Axis: A Novel Insulin-Independent Pathway for the Suppression of Diabetic Hyperglucagonemia.\" Abstract excerpt: Apolipoprotein A-IV (ApoA-IV) is a glycoprotein secreted by the small intestine to regulate lipid metabolism and satiety. Its role in insulin-independent glucose homeostasis remains largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that intestinal ApoA-IV overexpression significantly attenuates diet-induced obesity and hyperglycemia following severe &#x3b2;-cell loss. Over a 20-week high-fat diet cha","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3390/cells15131229","pubmedId":"42439702","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Glucagon\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/cells15131229","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:27.422Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.669Z"}],"regulatoryStatuses":[{"id":"47960744-793a-4a7a-af94-d83149a998be","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","jurisdiction":"United States — FDA","status":"approved","approvedIndication":"GlucaGen (glucagon), specifically -- not glucagon as a class: indicated for the treatment of severe hypoglycemia in pediatric and adult patients with diabetes, and separately indicated as a diagnostic aid during radiologic examinations to temporarily inhibit gastrointestinal tract movement in adult patients only.","rationale":"FDA labeling documents the approved GlucaGen glucagon product. This does not confer approval on all glucagon analogs, formulations, or experimental uses.","sourceTitle":"FDA GlucaGen (glucagon) prescribing information","sourceUrl":"https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020918s054lbl.pdf","dateChecked":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewDueAt":null,"enteredById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","publicationStatus":"published","factualObservationId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:14:14.052Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.762Z"},{"id":"1e365c04-7dd1-44df-9094-8d930872a3bf","peptideId":"19abc9bf-45b7-4e4a-ae37-85a5781ef46f","jurisdiction":"European Union — EMA","status":"approved","approvedIndication":"Baqsimi (glucagon nasal powder) is centrally authorized for the treatment of severe hypoglycaemia in adults, adolescents, and children aged 4 years and over with diabetes mellitus.","rationale":"EMA EPAR documents central EU authorization for Baqsimi, a glucagon nasal powder product, for severe hypoglycaemia. This status concerns that labeled product and indication only; it does not extend to every glucagon formulation or off-label use.","sourceTitle":"European Medicines Agency: Baqsimi (glucagon)","sourceUrl":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/baqsimi","dateChecked":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewDueAt":"2026-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","enteredById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","publicationStatus":"published","factualObservationId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:42:18.008Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:31.762Z"}]},{"id":"ed9dddf3-19b5-4e98-8cad-048198e6d961","slug":"hexarelin","commonName":"Hexarelin","alternativeNames":[],"category":"Growth hormone secretagogue peptide","mechanismSummary":"Synthetic hexapeptide growth-hormone secretagogue acting principally through the ghrelin receptor.","evidenceQualitySummary":"Source identities are PubMed-resolved and provisionally graded by study design. 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Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"Jennifer L Kulp; Kurt T Barnhart","publishingOrg":"Women's health (London, England)","publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.2217/17455057.4.1.79","pubmedId":"19072453","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:41:02.883Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2217/17455057.4.1.79","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:41:02.883Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"mechanistic","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.2217/17455057.4.1.79","pmid":"19072453","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:41:02.883Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"790d09a0-449d-5b9b-bad1-19d2c3b40ff0","peptideId":"e3bab33b-b369-5d25-81a4-a734b457dd24","title":"Primary gonadotropin releasing hormone and adjunctive human chorionic gonadotropin treatment in cryptorchidism: a clinical trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9000196/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"PubMed-indexed clinical trial; journal article examining primary gonadotropin releasing hormone and adjunctive human chorionic gonadotropin treatment in cryptorchidism: a clinical trial. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"I Nane; O Ziylan; T Esen; T Kocak; H Ander; S Tellaloglu","publishingOrg":"Urology","publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.1016/S0090-4295(96)00359-7","pubmedId":"9000196","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:41:02.883Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0090-4295(96)00359-7","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:41:02.883Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"human_interventional","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Clinical Trial; Journal Article"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1016/S0090-4295(96)00359-7","pmid":"9000196","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:41:02.883Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"ef8971be-e4a2-5172-98c7-0574a07e3af8","peptideId":"e3bab33b-b369-5d25-81a4-a734b457dd24","title":"Elevated second-trimester human chorionic gonadotropin levels in association with poor pregnancy outcome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7524322/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"PubMed-indexed clinical trial; journal article examining elevated second-trimester human chorionic gonadotropin levels in association with poor pregnancy outcome. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"K D Wenstrom; J Owen; L R Boots; M B DuBard","publishingOrg":"American journal of obstetrics and gynecology","publicationYear":1994,"doi":"10.1016/0002-9378(94)90030-2","pubmedId":"7524322","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:41:02.883Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/0002-9378(94)90030-2","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:41:02.883Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"human_interventional","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Clinical Trial; Journal Article"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1016/0002-9378(94)90030-2","pmid":"7524322","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:41:02.883Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"}],"regulatoryStatuses":[{"id":"3dd765af9b760a148e27759a190e6da3","peptideId":"e3bab33b-b369-5d25-81a4-a734b457dd24","jurisdiction":"United States","status":"approved","approvedIndication":null,"rationale":"Authorized products exist; exact product, indication, contraindications, and current labeling require owner verification.","sourceTitle":"FDA Drugs@FDA / official FDA record","sourceUrl":"https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm","dateChecked":"2026-09-09T11:45:21.643Z","reviewDueAt":"2027-03-08T11:45:21.643Z","enteredById":null,"reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","publicationStatus":"published","factualObservationId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:45:21.643Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"0c6ac4e5cf2e7225d47dab455d1f17cf","peptideId":"e3bab33b-b369-5d25-81a4-a734b457dd24","jurisdiction":"European Union","status":"approved","approvedIndication":null,"rationale":"Authorized products exist; exact product, indication, contraindications, and current labeling require owner verification.","sourceTitle":"EMA medicines portal","sourceUrl":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines","dateChecked":"2026-09-09T11:45:21.643Z","reviewDueAt":"2027-03-08T11:45:21.643Z","enteredById":null,"reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","publicationStatus":"published","factualObservationId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:45:21.643Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"}]},{"id":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","slug":"humanin","commonName":"Humanin","alternativeNames":[],"category":"Mitochondrial-derived peptide","mechanismSummary":"Humanin is a mitochondrial-derived peptide investigated in cellular stress and metabolic biology. Associations involving circulating humanin and experiments with related fragments do not establish a treatment in humans.","evidenceQualitySummary":"WPF’s atlas includes observational human work on circulating humanin in chronic kidney disease, gestational diabetes, and other settings, as well as mechanistic and fragment-peptide studies. These designs measure different things and cannot be combined into a demonstrated therapeutic effect.","safetyConcernsSummary":"No published source-linked citations or jurisdiction-specific regulatory records are attached to this Directory entry. An association or laboratory result does not establish causality, an effective intervention, or clinical safety.","archiveSummaryNote":"WPF's separate observational archive may include contributor reports mentioning humanin. As with every entry in that archive, these de-identified reports can suggest questions but cannot establish causation, efficacy, comparative safety, or event frequency, and any such report should be read as concerning the specific peptide rather than related experimental fragments.","openQuestionsText":"How reliably is humanin measured across studies? Are observed human associations reproducible after accounting for confounding? Which experimental findings, if any, translate into controlled human interventions?","active":true,"createdAt":"2026-08-27T06:13:56.687Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.293Z","entityClass":"endogenous_peptide","entityClassSource":"inferred","entityClassReviewed":false,"entityClassReviewedBy":null,"entityClassReviewedAt":null,"registryStatus":"canonical","registryTier":"flagship","acquisitionEnabled":true,"publicationState":"published","editorialState":"published","chemistry":{"id":"98c97cdb-b19a-4101-9859-1c7cff9d4528","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","molecularFormula":"C119H204N34O32S2","molecularWeight":2687.2,"aminoAcidSequence":null,"smiles":"CCC(C)C(C(=O)NC(CC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)N1CCCC1C(=O)NC(C(C)C)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)NC(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)NC(C)C(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CS)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(CC2=CC=CC=C2)NC(=O)CNC(=O)C(CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)C3CCCN3C(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CCSC)N","inchi":"InChI=1S/C119H204N34O32S2/c1-19-65(14)92(112(180)144-81(54-90(160)161)104(172)145-82(52-63(10)11)115(183)153-46-29-37-87(153)110(178)149-91(64(12)13)111(179)139-72(32-23-24-41-120)97(165)136-74(35-27-44-130-119(126)127)98(166)135-73(34-26-43-129-118(124)125)96(164)133-67(16)116(184)185)150-99(167)75(38-39-89(158)159)137-106(174)84(57-155)147-113(181)93(68(17)156)151-105(173)79(51-62(8)9)142-101(169)77(49-60(4)5)140-100(168)76(48-59(2)3)141-102(170)78(50-61(6)7)143-108(176)85(58-186)148-107(175)83(56-154)146-103(171)80(53-69-30-21-20-22-31-69)134-88(157)55-131-95(163)71(33-25-42-128-117(122)123)138-109(177)86-36-28-45-152(86)114(182)66(15)132-94(162)70(121)40-47-187-18/h20-22,30-31,59-68,70-87,91-93,154-156,186H,19,23-29,32-58,120-121H2,1-18H3,(H,131,163)(H,132,162)(H,133,164)(H,134,157)(H,135,166)(H,136,165)(H,137,174)(H,138,177)(H,139,179)(H,140,168)(H,141,170)(H,142,169)(H,143,176)(H,144,180)(H,145,172)(H,146,171)(H,147,181)(H,148,175)(H,149,178)(H,150,167)(H,151,173)(H,158,159)(H,160,161)(H,184,185)(H4,122,123,128)(H4,124,125,129)(H4,126,127,130)/t65-,66-,67-,68+,70-,71-,72-,73-,74-,75-,76-,77-,78-,79-,80-,81-,82-,83-,84-,85-,86-,87-,91-,92-,93-/m0/s1","inchikey":"DPEUWKZJZIPZKE-OFANTOPUSA-N","structureImageUrl":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/16131438/PNG","createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:36:53.871Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T02:36:53.871Z"},"citations":[{"id":"3af7ccb0-f7dc-431f-8662-1c36c7f2981b","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Apollon/Bruce is upregulated by Humanin.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25138702/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Apollon/Bruce is upregulated by Humanin.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin, a short bioactive peptide, inhibits a variety of cell deaths. Humanin-mediated inhibition of neuronal cell death, caused by an Alzheimer's disease (AD)-linked mutant gene occurs via binding of Humanin to its heterotrimeric Humanin receptor (htHNR), which results in the activation of the Janus-associated kinases (JAKs) and signal transducer and activator and transcription 3 (STAT3) signali","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1007/s11010-014-2182-4","pubmedId":"25138702","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s11010-014-2182-4","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:38.395Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"e46741fb-09e5-4725-823b-22d7980c2799","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Assessment of mitochondrial peptide humanin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: serum and skeletal muscle profile.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41186863/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Human measurement study in a defined population; associations cannot establish an intervention.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02747-6","pubmedId":"41186863","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Upgraded from an entered/unverified draft to a content-verified citation. Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This publication addresses Humanin in the specific setting identified in its title.","supportNature":"Screened source-level context; specific outcomes and evidence tier await appraisal.","qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s40618-025-02747-6","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:12:35.584Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"9d7cc892-1ef0-423f-8e0b-149268736e04","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin Exerts Neuroprotection During Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29376862/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin Exerts Neuroprotection During Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.\" Abstract excerpt: Cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury has been shown to impair brain function. Humanin analogue (HNG) given prior to cardiac ischemia has been shown to attenuate both heart and brain mitochondrial dysfunction caused by cardiac I/R injury. In a clinical setting, patients received medical treatment for acute myocardial infarction either during or after the onset of myocardial ischemia; thus, in ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.3233/jad-170708","pubmedId":"29376862","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=83, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3233/jad-170708","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:59.552Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"cf8fceac-2b3f-47ea-abd5-7f1e2d850bdd","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin peptide ameliorates reproductive dysfunction and restores neuroendocrine mechanisms in SSRI-treated male rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42480246/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin peptide ameliorates reproductive dysfunction and restores neuroendocrine mechanisms in SSRI-treated male rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as paroxetine frequently induce male sexual dysfunction by disrupting neuroendocrine balance and central dopaminergic pathways. This study investigated whether humanin, a mitochondria-derived peptide, could mitigate paroxetine-induced reproductive and behavioral impairments in male Sprague-Dawley rats. In Phase 1, fifty rats were randomized into","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.repbio.2026.101254","pubmedId":"42480246","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=213, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.repbio.2026.101254","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:56.070Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"07a528f5-20c8-457f-bd98-1e37c052f3d0","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin skeletal muscle protein levels increase after resistance training in men with impaired glucose metabolism.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27923980/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin skeletal muscle protein levels increase after resistance training in men with impaired glucose metabolism.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is a mitochondrially encoded and secreted peptide linked to glucose metabolism and tissue protecting mechanisms. Whether skeletal muscle HN gene or protein expression is influenced by exercise remains unknown. In this intervention study we show, for the first time, that HN protein levels increase in human skeletal muscle following 12&#xa0;weeks of resistance training in persons with p","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.14814/phy2.13063","pubmedId":"27923980","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.14814/phy2.13063","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:56.144Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"f1062dca-7707-475b-b057-b285a6e71bbf","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin as a Molecular Indicator of Semen Quality and Cryotolerance in Crossbred Cattle.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42223320/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin as a Molecular Indicator of Semen Quality and Cryotolerance in Crossbred Cattle.\" Abstract excerpt: The present study aimed to assess the presence of humanin in the sperm of crossbred cattle bulls using immunocytochemistry and to evaluate its potential as a semen quality marker. For this, a total of 49 ejaculates were collected from three Vrindavani crossbred bulls and were evaluated for volume, individual progressive motility (IPM), abnormality, and sperm concentration. The ejaculates were grou","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/rda.70240","pubmedId":"42223320","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=50, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/rda.70240","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:56.269Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"cece6179-78b2-4fac-8ac9-01d65a57b4f0","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin Prevents Age-Related Cognitive Decline in Mice and is Associated with Improved Cognitive Age in Humans.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30242290/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin Prevents Age-Related Cognitive Decline in Mice and is Associated with Improved Cognitive Age in Humans.\" Abstract excerpt: Advanced age is associated with a decline in cognitive function, likely caused by a combination of modifiable and non-modifiable factors such as genetics and lifestyle choices. Mounting evidence suggests that humanin and other mitochondrial derived peptides play a role in several age-related conditions including neurodegenerative disease. Here we demonstrate that humanin administration has neuropr","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-018-32616-7","pubmedId":"30242290","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=209, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41598-018-32616-7","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:56.342Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"c396eeee-c6d4-4daa-9a14-1060bf7808c6","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin improves bone health in a glucocorticoid-treated mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41550496/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin improves bone health in a glucocorticoid-treated mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.\" Abstract excerpt: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive muscle disease for which glucocorticoid (GC) treatment is standard therapy. Patients typically suffer from short stature and osteoporosis, caused by the underlying disease and adverse effects of GCs. We investigated whether the mitochondrial peptide humanin (HNG) could prevent GC-induced growth retardation and osteoporosis in mouse models of DMD. ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrep.2025.102421","pubmedId":"41550496","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=301, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.bbrep.2025.102421","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:56.416Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"de08661a-7846-4c28-9950-bb451b9d0002","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin as an evolutionarily tuned mitochondrial peptide: Insights from mammalian oxidative stress diversity.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41864362/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin as an evolutionarily tuned mitochondrial peptide: Insights from mammalian oxidative stress diversity.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin is a mitochondrial-derived peptide with cytoprotective properties, but how it has evolved in response to different oxidative stress levels in mammals is not fully understood. This study examines how Humanin sequences have adapted to species-specific metabolic and environmental pressures. We compared the peptide in several mammalian species categorized by their distinct oxidative stress pro","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2026.03.033","pubmedId":"41864362","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2026.03.033","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:56.487Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"918ac975-55dc-4b93-971a-f1ac61a78dba","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin-G protects septic ARDS by mediating mitochondrial function in lung vascular endothelial cells.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42153337/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin-G protects septic ARDS by mediating mitochondrial function in lung vascular endothelial cells.\" Abstract excerpt: Recent investigations show that mitochondrial impairment significantly contributes to endothelial damage in septic acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Humanin (HN) and its derivative Humanin-G (HNG) are mitochondrial polypeptides which have been identified as inhibitors of cellular apoptosis and neuroprotective agents against oxidative stress. This study aims to elucidate the effects of HN","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1093/ajrcmb/aanag079","pubmedId":"42153337","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=159, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/ajrcmb/aanag079","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:56.595Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"18c6b31d-0d35-48e1-8b9b-5b8d80e48aca","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin ameliorates diabetes-induced testicular damage in a streptozotocin-induced mouse model.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42438323/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin ameliorates diabetes-induced testicular damage in a streptozotocin-induced mouse model.\" Abstract excerpt: Diabetes mellitus is a major metabolic disorder closely associated with oxidative stress and male reproductive dysfunction. Humanin, a mitochondria-derived peptide, has been reported to exert cytoprotective, anti-apoptotic and antioxidant effects in various disease models; however, its role in diabetes-induced testicular damage remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of humani","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1113/ep093912","pubmedId":"42438323","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=124, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1113/ep093912","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:56.667Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"4042b42e-9ea6-41b0-87a3-9ba1a8740a27","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin Restores Metabolic Hormone Homeostasis of Leptin, Ghrelin, Irisin and Asprosin in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42346352/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin Restores Metabolic Hormone Homeostasis of Leptin, Ghrelin, Irisin and Asprosin in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Objective : Diabetes mellitus is closely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, which disrupts cellular energy metabolism and perturbs hormonal homeostasis. Humanin (HN), a 24-amino acid peptide encoded within the mitochondrial genome, has attracted considerable attention due to its cytoprotective and metabolic regulatory properties. Despite its recognized biological potential, the role of HN ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3390/metabo16060373","pubmedId":"42346352","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=161, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/metabo16060373","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:56.787Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"f2eb9a84-6619-46e3-9816-b3f10ee753e5","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin variants aggregate to produce different fibril morphologies.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40543583/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin variants aggregate to produce different fibril morphologies.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin is an endogenous human peptide with cytoprotective effects, including inhibition of apoptosis via interaction with BCL-2 proteins such as BAX. The therapeutic benefits of HN have been well-documented, and administering humanin and related endogenous human peptides for treatment of disease, aging, and enhancement of athletic performance is becoming more widespread. However, very little is k","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.jbc.2025.110403","pubmedId":"40543583","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2025.110403","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:56.859Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"55f97d06-fff5-4b9f-bad5-518a40db4ec9","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin attenuates metabolic, toxic, and traumatic neuropathic pain in mice by protecting against oxidative stress and increasing inflammatory cytokine.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39510375/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin attenuates metabolic, toxic, and traumatic neuropathic pain in mice by protecting against oxidative stress and increasing inflammatory cytokine.\" Abstract excerpt: Neuropathic pain is associated with diverse etiologies, including sciatica, diabetes, and the use of chemotherapeutic agents. Despite the varied origins, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines are recognized as key contributing factors in both the initiation and maintenance of neuropathic pain. The effects of the mitochondrial-derived peptide humanin on neuropathic","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110207","pubmedId":"39510375","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=378, totalMentions=11). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110207","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:56.931Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"ad3385f8-f187-4ca3-aff4-6536fbed3ef9","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin activates integrin αV-TGFβ axis and leads to glioblastoma progression.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38942749/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin activates integrin αV-TGFβ axis and leads to glioblastoma progression.\" Abstract excerpt: The role of mitochondria peptides in the spreading of glioblastoma remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying intracranial glioblastoma progression. Our findings demonstrate that the mitochondria-derived peptide, humanin, plays a significant role in enhancing glioblastoma progression through the intratumoral activation of the integrin alpha V (ITGAV)-TGF bet","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1038/s41419-024-06790-8","pubmedId":"38942749","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=253, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41419-024-06790-8","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:57.010Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"22802fe9-edba-4cbe-a511-8a67ab646c00","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin's impact on pain markers and neuronal viability in diabetic neuropathy model.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38599217/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin's impact on pain markers and neuronal viability in diabetic neuropathy model.\" Abstract excerpt: This study investigates the impact of chronic humanin (HN) treatment on pain-related markers (NMDA, substance P, TRPV1, and IL-1&#x3b2;) in diabetic mice's dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Additionally, we assess the effects of HN on cellular viability in DRG neurons. In vivo experiments involved 15&#xa0;days of HN administration (4 mg/kg) to diabetic mice ( n &#xa0;=&#xa0;10). Protein levels of NMDA, I","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1080/13813455.2024.2336922","pubmedId":"38599217","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=46, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/13813455.2024.2336922","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:57.120Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"ef55804d-0c7d-4a2a-bb6c-f06d80a98641","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin variant P3S is associated with longevity in APOE4 carriers and resists APOE4-induced brain pathology.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38520065/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin variant P3S is associated with longevity in APOE4 carriers and resists APOE4-induced brain pathology.\" Abstract excerpt: The APOE4 allele is recognized as a significant genetic risk factor to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and influences longevity. Nonetheless, some APOE4 carriers exhibit resistance to AD even in advanced age. Humanin, a mitochondrial-derived peptide comprising 24 amino acids, has variants linked to cognitive resilience and longevity. Our research uncovered a unique humanin variant, P3S, specifically enri","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1111/acel.14153","pubmedId":"38520065","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=202, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/acel.14153","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:57.311Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"e88d18db-8359-418c-9c6e-ab7ebe0ff0b9","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin P3S, haplogroup N1b and the risk of Alzheimer's disease.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38757793/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin P3S, haplogroup N1b and the risk of Alzheimer's disease.\" Abstract excerpt: A commentary of the paper 'Humanin variant P3S is associated with longevity in APOE4 carriers and resists APOE4-induced brain pathology' that appeared recently in Aging Cell. The possible association of a mitochondrial haplogroup with a disease is frequently discussed. The Humanin peptide encoded by the mtDNA has been shown to play an important regulatory role in cell metabolism. There are variant","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1111/acel.14207","pubmedId":"38757793","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=27, totalMentions=11). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/acel.14207","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:57.512Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"0fa2ece0-c3bf-41cb-a881-9b86a75327d9","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin Treatment Protects Against Venetoclax-Induced Bone Growth Retardation in <i>Ex Vivo</i> Cultured Rat Bones.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38328478/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin Treatment Protects Against Venetoclax-Induced Bone Growth Retardation in <i>Ex Vivo</i> Cultured Rat Bones.\" Abstract excerpt: Recent preclinical studies reported that the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax can impair bone growth. A strategy to prevent such a side effect of this promising anticancer drug is highly desired. Earlier in vitro and in vivo studies suggested that the mitochondrial peptide humanin has the potential to prevent drug-induced growth impairment. We hypothesized that co-treatment with the humanin analog HNG m","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1210/jendso/bvae009","pubmedId":"38328478","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=268, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/jendso/bvae009","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:57.645Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"d892a385-5a38-40a9-b07d-05f2a7f6eb87","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin-G Ameliorates Hemorrhage-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice Through AMPKα1-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39595179/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin-G Ameliorates Hemorrhage-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice Through AMPKα1-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms.\" Abstract excerpt: Background/Objectives : The severity of acute lung injury is significantly impacted by age and sex in patients with hemorrhagic shock. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a crucial regulator of energy metabolism but its activity declines with aging. Humanin is a mitochondrial peptide that exerts cytoprotective effects in response to oxidative stressors and is associated with longevity. Using a ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.3390/biomedicines12112615","pubmedId":"39595179","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=253, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/biomedicines12112615","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:58.444Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"c132e153-b4bd-4b13-b54e-a0011fb50575","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin Ameliorates Late-onset Hypogonadism in Aged Male Rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35086467/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin Ameliorates Late-onset Hypogonadism in Aged Male Rats.\" Abstract excerpt: The potential to reproduce declines with age. Late-onset hypogonadism is characterized by reduced serum testosterone. Humanin is a mitochondrial-derived signaling peptide encoded by short open reading frames within the mitochondrial genome. It may protect against some age-related diseases such as atherosclerosis by its cytoprotective effects. The study aimed to investigate the potential anti-aging","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.2174/1874467215666220127115602","pubmedId":"35086467","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=118, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2174/1874467215666220127115602","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:58.517Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"87fd72df-e98c-405e-912a-03c35bbf4bc8","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin regulates oxidative stress in the ovaries of polycystic ovary syndrome patients via the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33337472/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin regulates oxidative stress in the ovaries of polycystic ovary syndrome patients via the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway.\" Abstract excerpt: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinological pathology among women of reproductive age, whereas the pathogenesis is still not fully understood. Systemic and ovarian oxidative stress (OS) imbalance is a pivotal feature of PCOS. Humanin, a mitochondria-derived peptide, has been reported to function as an antioxidant in cardiomyocytes, pancreatic beta cells and other cells, bu","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1093/molehr/gaaa081","pubmedId":"33337472","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=251, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/molehr/gaaa081","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:58.590Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"1b206ddd-5a3b-4a74-acfa-9b89469f5c47","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin Alleviates Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Human and Rat Model-Based Study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33693742/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin Alleviates Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Human and Rat Model-Based Study.\" Abstract excerpt: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, is characterized by hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance (IR); however, the pathogenesis of local ovarian IR in PCOS remains largely unclear. Humanin, a mitochondria-derived peptide, has been reported to be associated with IR. Our previous study confirmed that humanin is expressed in multiple cell","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqab056","pubmedId":"33693742","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=244, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/endocr/bqab056","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:58.692Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"7f22a331-caff-48d7-8dae-38c756c8a0d9","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin prevents undesired apoptosis of chondrocytes without interfering with the anti-inflammatory effect of dexamethasone in collagen-induced arthritis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31172921/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin prevents undesired apoptosis of chondrocytes without interfering with the anti-inflammatory effect of dexamethasone in collagen-induced arthritis.\" Abstract excerpt: Prolonged use of glucocorticoids (GCs) for treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions may have several negative side effects, such as impaired bone growth which has been linked to increased apoptosis in growth plate chondrocytes. It has recently been shown that humanin, a small mitochondrial derived peptide, rescues growth plate chondrocytes from GC-induced apoptosis. Our aim was to study","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"31172921","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=271, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:31172921","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:58.764Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"a2e49126-1194-434c-a90b-5c8db8013c0b","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin Ameliorates Free Fatty Acid-Induced Endothelial Inflammation by Suppressing the NLRP3 Inflammasome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32923762/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin Ameliorates Free Fatty Acid-Induced Endothelial Inflammation by Suppressing the NLRP3 Inflammasome.\" Abstract excerpt: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been considered as a major risk factor of death in recent decades. In CVDs, the NLRP3 inflammasome is important for inflammatory response and vascular damage. Therefore, safe and effective treatments to decrease NLRP3 inflammasome activation are required. Increased levels of free fatty acid (FFA) have been associated with the progression of CVD. Humanin, a kind of ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1021/acsomega.0c01778","pubmedId":"32923762","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=381, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1021/acsomega.0c01778","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:58.883Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"c8544add-58f4-4e89-bf6c-a0aab2cddecc","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin is a novel regulator of Hedgehog signaling and prevents glucocorticoid-induced bone growth impairment.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30657335/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin is a novel regulator of Hedgehog signaling and prevents glucocorticoid-induced bone growth impairment.\" Abstract excerpt: Glucocorticoids (GCs) are frequently used to treat chronic disorders in children, including inflammation and cancer. Prolonged treatment with GCs is well known to impair bone growth, an effect linked to increased apoptosis and suppressed proliferation in growth plate chondrocytes. We hypothesized that the endogenous antiapoptotic protein humanin (HN) may prevent these effects. Interestingly, GC-in","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1096/fj.201801741r","pubmedId":"30657335","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=340, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1096/fj.201801741r","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:59.025Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"3a104982-0ad9-47fb-a70b-e7d5f4a78242","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin levels in human seminal plasma and spermatozoa are related to sperm quality.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30920769/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin levels in human seminal plasma and spermatozoa are related to sperm quality.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin has reportedly been expressed in testis and spermatozoa, but no study has yet reported its presence in human seminal plasma (SP). The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of humanin in human SP and to determine the correlation between humanin levels in SP/spermatozoa and sperm quality. Semen samples for SP/sperm humanin level measurement were collected from 164 patients who at","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1111/andr.12614","pubmedId":"30920769","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=15). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/andr.12614","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:59.098Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"9cff3194-44b6-4921-beb5-cf0e81bd52eb","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin Nanoparticles for Reducing Pathological Factors Characteristic of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30381074/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin Nanoparticles for Reducing Pathological Factors Characteristic of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin is a novel neuronal peptide that has displayed potential in the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease through the suppression of inflammatory IL-6 cytokine receptors. Such receptors are found throughout the body, including the eye, suggesting its other potential applications. Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the developing world. There is no cure for t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.2174/1567201815666181031163111","pubmedId":"30381074","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2174/1567201815666181031163111","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:59.214Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"8f136818-bc13-428f-ac49-038337b299b2","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in pancreatic MIN6 β-cells.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29432738/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in pancreatic MIN6 β-cells.\" Abstract excerpt: Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with &#x3b2;-cell failure and insulin resistance in diabetes. Humanin is an endogenous cytoprotective peptide. In the current study, we aimed to define the effects of Humanin on mitochondrial biogenesis in pancreatic &#x3b2;-cells. Our findings demonstrated that Humanin treatment significantly increased the expression of PGC-1&#x3b1; and its downstream targe","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.071","pubmedId":"29432738","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=102, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.071","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:59.285Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"992648d1-1a92-4ede-bc8e-dcadbcae8182","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin prevents high glucose-induced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells by targeting KLF2.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30029058/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin prevents high glucose-induced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells by targeting KLF2.\" Abstract excerpt: Endothelial dysfunction and vascular complications induced by hyperglycemia play an important role in the pathological development of atherosclerosis in diabetes. Humanin, a 24-amino acid mitochondria-derived polypeptide, has displayed its cytoprotective effects in diverse cell types and tissues. In the current study, we aimed to characterize the effects of humanin on high glucose-induced endothel","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1016/j.molimm.2018.07.008","pubmedId":"30029058","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=163, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2018.07.008","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:59.408Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"22b6e38d-fbc5-4b65-96fa-33a92475c7f7","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin analog enhances the protective effect of dexrazoxane against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29775411/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin analog enhances the protective effect of dexrazoxane against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.\" Abstract excerpt: The chemotherapeutic effect of doxorubicin (Dox) is limited by cumulative dose-dependent cardiotoxicity in cancer survivors. Dexrazoxane (DRZ) is approved to prevent Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. Humanin and its synthetic analog HNG have a cytoprotective effect on the heart. To investigate the cardioprotective efficacy of HNG alone or in combination with DRZ against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity, 80 ad","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1152/ajpheart.00155.2018","pubmedId":"29775411","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=194, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00155.2018","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:59.480Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"5a8187b0-e880-4ce5-88f0-f2e3ebbfee0e","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin analogue, S14G-humanin, has neuroprotective effects against oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation by reactivating Jak2/Stat3 signaling through the PI3K/AKT pathway.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29043002/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin analogue, S14G-humanin, has neuroprotective effects against oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation by reactivating Jak2/Stat3 signaling through the PI3K/AKT pathway.\" Abstract excerpt: Stroke, characterized by a disruption of blood supply to the brain, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although humanin, a 24-amino acid polypeptide, has been identified to have multiple neuroprotective functions, the level of humanin in plasma has been demonstrated to decrease with age, which likely limits the effects against stroke injury. A potent humanin analogue, S14G-huma","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.3892/etm.2017.4934","pubmedId":"29043002","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=132, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3892/etm.2017.4934","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:59.625Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"1828dc8b-f7ea-4a26-905f-e44ef42811ef","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin: Functional Interfaces with IGF-I.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27082450/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin: Functional Interfaces with IGF-I.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin is the first newly discovered peptide encoded in the mitochondrial genome in over three decades. It is the first member of a novel class of mitochondrial derived peptides. This small, 24 amino acid peptide was initially discovered to have neuroprotective effects and subsequent experiments have shown that it is beneficial in a diverse number of disease models including stroke, cardiovascula","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2016.03.005","pubmedId":"27082450","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: WPF seed. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ghir.2016.03.005","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:59.739Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"80ec8259-3ef4-422f-8e2a-7a08761ef133","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin prevents brain mitochondrial dysfunction in a cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion injury model.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27059110/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin prevents brain mitochondrial dysfunction in a cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion injury model.\" Abstract excerpt: What is the central question of this study? Myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury causes interference in the systemic circulation and damages not only the heart but also several vital organs, including the brain. Recently, a novel peptide called humanin has been shown to exert potent neuroprotective effects. However, the effect of humanin on the brain during cardiac I/R injury has not yet ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1113/ep085749","pubmedId":"27059110","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=254, totalMentions=11). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1113/ep085749","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:59.813Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"f9daa259-921e-42b9-aa25-689fc525462d","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin: a mitochondrial signaling peptide as a biomarker for impaired fasting glucose-related oxidative stress.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27173674/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin: a mitochondrial signaling peptide as a biomarker for impaired fasting glucose-related oxidative stress.\" Abstract excerpt: Mitochondrial RNR-2 (mt-RNR2, humanin) has been shown to play a role in protecting several types of cells and tissues from the effects of oxidative stress. Humanin (HN) functions through extracellular and intracellular pathways adjusting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production. Addition of HN improved insulin sensitivity in animal models of diabetes mellitus but no clinical stud","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.14814/phy2.12796","pubmedId":"27173674","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=30, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.14814/phy2.12796","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:28:59.931Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"80a6620b-28a3-429a-bf2a-48c3bde22153","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin Does Not Protect Against STZ-Induced Spatial Memory Impairment.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25744099/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin Does Not Protect Against STZ-Induced Spatial Memory Impairment.\" Abstract excerpt: [Gly14]-Humanin (HNG) is a 24-amino acid peptide which was first identified in the brains of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this region, some neurons were protected against cell damage occurring in this disease. Further studies suggested a neuroprotective role for humanin against A&#x3b2; and some other insults. Intraventricularly administered streptozotocin (STZ) disrupts in","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1007/s12031-015-0531-8","pubmedId":"25744099","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=8, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s12031-015-0531-8","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:00.005Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"067aa05b-53a2-4b9b-ad1d-438218559681","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin Derivatives Inhibit Necrotic Cell Death in Neurons.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26062019/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin Derivatives Inhibit Necrotic Cell Death in Neurons.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin and its derivatives are peptides known for their protective antiapoptotic effects against Alzheimer's disease. Herein, we identify a novel function of the humanin-derivative AGA(C8R)-HNG17 (namely, protection against cellular necrosis). Necrosis is one of the main modes of cell death, which was until recently considered an unmoderated process. However, recent findings suggest the opposite.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.2119/molmed.2015.00073","pubmedId":"26062019","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2119/molmed.2015.00073","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:00.081Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"41b666cf-a643-4ebc-80fb-86a0c1b1a255","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin Peptide Binds to Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein 3 (IGFBP3) and Regulates Its Interaction with Importin-β.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26216267/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin Peptide Binds to Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein 3 (IGFBP3) and Regulates Its Interaction with Importin-β.\" Abstract excerpt: Nuclear translocation of IGFBP3 by importin-&#x3b2;1 is a prerequisite for IGFBP3-induced apoptosis. The neuroprotective peptide humanin (HN) counteracts IGFBP3-induced cell death. However, the mechanism by which humanin protects cells is currently unknown. The natural synthesis of this peptide decreases with age, coincident with the likelihood for the development of Alzheimer's Disease, making it","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.2174/0929866522666150728114955","pubmedId":"26216267","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=129, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2174/0929866522666150728114955","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:00.152Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"73809769-8978-4444-8427-562e27bfcc6e","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin rescues cultured rat cortical neurons from NMDA-induced toxicity not by NMDA receptor.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24959608/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin rescues cultured rat cortical neurons from NMDA-induced toxicity not by NMDA receptor.\" Abstract excerpt: Excitatory neurotoxicity has been implicated in many pathological situations and there is no effective treatment available. Humanin is a 24-aa peptide cloned from the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, excitatory toxicity was induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) in primarily cultured rat cortical neurons. MTT assessment, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, an","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1155/2014/341529","pubmedId":"24959608","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=124, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1155/2014/341529","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:00.266Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"0413238b-fade-4857-ab6d-ca61c7660f25","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin signal for Alzheimer's disease.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21335658/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin signal for Alzheimer's disease.\" Abstract excerpt: Despite a bulk of evidence supporting the idea that increased neurotoxic insults lead to Alzheimer's disease (AD), the possibility still remains that insufficiency of an endogenous defense system contributes to the disease progression. Humanin is a bioactive peptide that is likely to inhibit both neuronal death and dysfunction only related to AD by binding to a Humanin receptor on the cell-surface","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.3233/jad-2011-102076","pubmedId":"21335658","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=236, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3233/jad-2011-102076","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:00.338Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"dc844a76-81b3-46b6-a11e-44039e2327a5","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin and the receptors for humanin.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19997871/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin and the receptors for humanin.\" Abstract excerpt: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent dementia-causing neurodegenerative disease. Neuronal death is closely linked to the progression of AD-associated dementia. Accumulating evidence has established that a 24-amino-acid bioactive peptide, Humanin, protects neurons from AD-related neuronal death. A series of studies using various murine AD models including familial AD gene-expressing transgenic m","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1007/s12035-009-8090-z","pubmedId":"19997871","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=241, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s12035-009-8090-z","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:00.454Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"62b467e7-d211-4eff-b4bc-11f15c1c9cf4","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin peptides block calcium influx of rat hippocampal neurons by altering fibrogenesis of Aβ1–40","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0196-9781(03)00131-1","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin peptides block calcium influx of rat hippocampal neurons by altering fibrogenesis of Aβ1–40\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin peptides (including HN, HNG and other mutants) were reported previously that antagonize neurotoxicity caused by various familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) genes and Abeta derivatives. Herein, we describe the aggregation dynamics and the representative morphological characteristics of Abeta(1-40) after different time of addition humanin peptides, which revealed that (a) the interactions of ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1016/s0196-9781(03)00131-1","pubmedId":"12895653","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(03)00131-1","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:00.524Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"e2eb1295-b79a-4326-91aa-ce0e59211141","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin: a possible linkage between Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24365186/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin: a possible linkage between Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is higher among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. In T2DM patients, the progression of AD is more rapid. Furthermore, several pathophysiological pathways are common to AD and T2DM. Humanin is a recently introduced, mitochondrial-derived peptide with neuroprotective effects. Humanin can alter the mechanisms involved in AD and T2DM pathogenesis. Ins","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.2174/1871527312666131223110147","pubmedId":"24365186","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=232, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2174/1871527312666131223110147","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:00.598Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"3a8cf8cc-f830-4c09-b24d-096950778dc8","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin and Its Pathophysiological Roles in Aging: A Systematic Review.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37106758/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin and Its Pathophysiological Roles in Aging: A Systematic Review.\" Abstract excerpt: Senescence is a cellular aging process in all multicellular organisms. It is characterized by a decline in cellular functions and proliferation, resulting in increased cellular damage and death. These conditions play an essential role in aging and significantly contribute to the development of age-related complications. Humanin is a mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP), encoded by mitochondrial DNA","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3390/biology12040558","pubmedId":"37106758","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=322, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/biology12040558","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:00.668Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"8fb8a69c-18d8-4887-a1d6-a4c5bc743ddd","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin directly protects cardiac mitochondria against dysfunction initiated by oxidative stress by decreasing complex I activity.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28802666/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin directly protects cardiac mitochondria against dysfunction initiated by oxidative stress by decreasing complex I activity.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is an endogenous peptide that exerts cytoprotection against oxidative stress and apoptosis. We recently reported that Humanin analogue (HNG) pretreatment can reduce reactive oxygen species production in the heart subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury via attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction. However, it is unclear if HNG has direct effects on mitochondrial function against o","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1016/j.mito.2017.08.001","pubmedId":"28802666","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.mito.2017.08.001","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:00.799Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"c2287c23-7649-4dc5-b8b3-1c34143c5df2","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin: a novel functional molecule for the green synthesis of graphene.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23850746/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin: a novel functional molecule for the green synthesis of graphene.\" Abstract excerpt: The synthesis of graphene nanosheets from graphene oxide is an interesting area of nanobiotechnology because graphene-based nanomaterials have potential applications in the biomedical field. In this study, we developed a green, rapid, and simple method for the synthesis of graphene from graphene oxide, which uses the mitochondrial polypeptide humanin as a reducing agent. Graphene was prepared via ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.06.018","pubmedId":"23850746","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=345, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.06.018","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:00.874Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"075d3484-0062-43a0-8da4-2a36de229274","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"[Humanin and its derivatives as peptides with potential antiapoptotic and confirmed neuroprotective activities].","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22010475/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"[Humanin and its derivatives as peptides with potential antiapoptotic and confirmed neuroprotective activities].\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is a newly discovered 24-amino acid peptide, which may suppress neuronal cell death. HN cDNA includes the open reading frame (HN-ORF) of 75 bases, located 950 bases downstream of the 5' end of the HN cDNA. It was demonstrated that HN cDNA is 99% identical with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence. HN homologues have been identified as expressed sequence tags (ESTs) in rat and nematode. ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"22010475","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:22010475","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:00.979Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"1f06ee17-2a27-4730-a3d0-bbae895569e7","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"The humanin analogue (HNG) alleviates intrauterine adhesions by inhibiting endometrial epithelial cells ferroptosis: a rat model-based study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37814907/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"The humanin analogue (HNG) alleviates intrauterine adhesions by inhibiting endometrial epithelial cells ferroptosis: a rat model-based study.\" Abstract excerpt: Does a humanin analogue (HNG) have a therapeutic effect on intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) caused by uterine cavity surgery in a rat model? HNG supplementation attenuated the development of endometrial fibrosis and IUAs, improved fertility, and contributed to the regulation of endometrial fibrosis by inhibiting endometrial ferroptosis in rats with IUAs. IUAs, which are characterized by endometrial f","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1093/humrep/dead196","pubmedId":"37814907","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=7, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/humrep/dead196","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:01.053Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"57eb8aa3-a4b5-488a-b258-88ca01479571","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"S14G-humanin (HNG) ameliorates diabetic nephropathy tubular injury by inhibiting Z-DNA/ZBP1-mediated necroptosis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42492881/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"S14G-humanin (HNG) ameliorates diabetic nephropathy tubular injury by inhibiting Z-DNA/ZBP1-mediated necroptosis.\" Abstract excerpt: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, with limited therapeutic options. S14G-humanin (HNG), a potent analog of humanin, exerts protective effects in various diseases, but its role in DN remains unexplored. DN was induced in C57BL/6 mice via high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ), with or without HNG treatment. Renal injury, necroptosis, and Z-DNA/ZBP1 pathways ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.ejphar.2026.179175","pubmedId":"42492881","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=114, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2026.179175","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:01.126Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"b248d2c0-f493-4790-b03a-6d8bf9c6617e","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"S14G-humanin attenuates renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury, potentially through activation of STAT3 and ERK1/2 signalling pathways in rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42672739/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"S14G-humanin attenuates renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury, potentially through activation of STAT3 and ERK1/2 signalling pathways in rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Renal ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury leads to acute tubular necrosis and renal failure, triggering pathological mechanisms including inflammation, reactive oxygen species generation, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. The mitochondrial peptide humanin (HN), known to possess anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties, has been shown to counteract oxidative stress and restore mitochon","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1113/ep094006","pubmedId":"42672739","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=254, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1113/ep094006","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:01.202Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"d26afd36-2371-496e-b769-097f840c9e5b","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"S14G-Humanin ameliorates ovarian dysfunction in a cyclophosphamide-induced premature ovarian insufficiency mouse model.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40811024/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"S14G-Humanin ameliorates ovarian dysfunction in a cyclophosphamide-induced premature ovarian insufficiency mouse model.\" Abstract excerpt: Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a major cause of female infertility, for which effective therapies remain limited. S14G-Humanin (HNG), a potent analogue of Humanin, exhibits strong antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties and has demonstrated cytoprotective effects in various tissues, including the ovary. In this study, a cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced POI mouse model was established to e","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1093/molehr/gaaf042","pubmedId":"40811024","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=129, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/molehr/gaaf042","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:01.314Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"9471400f-492d-4e77-8325-530f6001f59b","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"S14G-humanin confers cardioprotective effects against chronic adrenergic and pressure overload-induced heart failure in mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38045183/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"S14G-humanin confers cardioprotective effects against chronic adrenergic and pressure overload-induced heart failure in mice.\" Abstract excerpt: S14G-humanin (HNG), an analog of the mitochondria-derived peptide humanin, has demonstrated protective effects against various cardiovascular diseases. However, the specific pharmacological effects of HNG in heart failure (HF) have not been previously reported. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the potential protective effect of HNG in HF using a mouse model. HF was induced in mice","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21892","pubmedId":"38045183","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=5, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21892","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:01.384Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"2b1b1932-0a08-4ba9-8d4b-9f4c2fd9f77e","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"S14G-Humanin ameliorates ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation in asthma mediated by inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression and the nuclear factor κ-B (NF-κB)/early growth response protein-1 (Egr-1) pathway.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37451839/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"S14G-Humanin ameliorates ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation in asthma mediated by inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression and the nuclear factor κ-B (NF-κB)/early growth response protein-1 (Egr-1) pathway.\" Abstract excerpt: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease with a high morbidity rate in children and significantly impacts their healthy growth. It is reported that Th2 cell-mediated airway inflammation and activated oxidative stress are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. S14G-humanin (HNG) is a derivative of Humanin with higher activity. The present study proposes to explore the potential treating property o","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.18632/aging.204874","pubmedId":"37451839","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=266, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.18632/aging.204874","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:01.504Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"8f96b891-b214-4329-aa5c-56aa9f3341f0","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"S14G-humanin alleviates acute lung injury by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38054825/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"S14G-humanin alleviates acute lung injury by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB.\" Abstract excerpt: Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by severely damaged alveoli and blood vessels, seriously affecting the health of patients and causing a high mortality rate. The pathogenesis of ALI is complex, with inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress (OS) mainly involved. S14G humanin (HNG) is derived from humanin (HN), which is claimed with promising anti-inflammatory functions. Herein, the prote","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.18632/aging.205267","pubmedId":"38054825","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=278, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.18632/aging.205267","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:01.577Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"29605b9e-9afc-421a-a197-b659da1720ca","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"S14G-humanin restored cellular homeostasis disturbed by amyloid-beta protein.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25206568/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"S14G-humanin restored cellular homeostasis disturbed by amyloid-beta protein.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin is a potential therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease, and its derivative, S14G-humanin, is 1 000-fold stronger in its neuroprotective effect against Alzheimer's disease-relevant insults. Al-though effective, the detailed molecular mechanism through which S14G-humanin exerts its effects remains unclear. Data from this study showed that fibrillar amyloid-beta 40 disturbed cellular ho-meo","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.27.009","pubmedId":"25206568","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.27.009","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:01.648Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"21584b62-37c6-4d8c-beee-ba55f7eb274a","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"S14G-humanin improves cognitive deficits and reduces amyloid pathology in the middle-aged APPswe/PS1dE9 mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21993310/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"S14G-humanin improves cognitive deficits and reduces amyloid pathology in the middle-aged APPswe/PS1dE9 mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by clinical cognitive decline and pathological deposition of amyloid-beta protein (A&#x3b2;) in the brain. So far, there has been no causative therapy for this devastating disease. S14G-Humanin (HNG), a synthetic derivative of Humanin (HN), has been shown to have strong neuroprotective ability against AD-related ins","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2011.09.012","pubmedId":"21993310","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=269, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2011.09.012","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:01.721Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"83cdfbda-791d-4a87-ac69-4f1fb1f8197b","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Serum humanin concentrations in women with pre-eclampsia compared to women with uncomplicated pregnancies.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28110609/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Serum humanin concentrations in women with pre-eclampsia compared to women with uncomplicated pregnancies.\" Abstract excerpt: To compare serum humanin concentrations in pregnant women with and without pre-eclampsia (PE). A case-control study where pregnant women (PE group, n = 37; control group, n = 34) studied through history parameters (gynecological, obstetrical, personal, and family), physical and sonographic examination parameters [body mass index (BMI), blood pressure obstetrical ultrasound], and biochemical/hormon","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1080/14767058.2017.1285885","pubmedId":"28110609","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=17, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/14767058.2017.1285885","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:01.838Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"e6df5dc5-9363-4d64-909e-a25ca7609501","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Plasma Humanin and Non-Coding RNAs as Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Pilot Study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39846683/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Plasma Humanin and Non-Coding RNAs as Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Pilot Study.\" Abstract excerpt: Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), largely driven by peripheral endothelial dysfunction (ED). Humanin, a mitochondrial-derived peptide, has been suggested to play a protective role in endothelial function. However, the relationship between Humanin levels and ED in RA, as well as the interaction b","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3390/ncrna11010005","pubmedId":"39846683","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=197, totalMentions=11). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/ncrna11010005","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:01.909Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"da6ad33e-0182-4b84-aa34-cd963e963b48","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"HNG, A Humanin Analogue, Promotes Hair Growth by Inhibiting Anagen-to-Catagen Transition.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32604799/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"HNG, A Humanin Analogue, Promotes Hair Growth by Inhibiting Anagen-to-Catagen Transition.\" Abstract excerpt: The hair follicle goes through repetitive cycles including anagen, catagen, and telogen. The interaction of dermal papilla cells (DPCs) and keratinocytes regulates the hair cycle and hair growth. Humanin was discovered in the surviving brain cells of patients with Alzheimer's disease. HNG, a humanin analogue, activates cell growth, proliferation, and cell cycle progression, and it protects cells f","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.3390/ijms21124553","pubmedId":"32604799","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=196, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/ijms21124553","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:02.030Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"9f8c0a03-dab0-4961-8153-f0b3f1be3d31","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"[Gly14]-humanin exerts a protective effect against D-galactose-induced primary ovarian insufficiency in mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38163419/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"[Gly14]-humanin exerts a protective effect against D-galactose-induced primary ovarian insufficiency in mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Is there a protective effect of the humanin derivative [Gly14]-humanin (HNG) on a D-gal-induced mouse model of primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), and what is the underlying mechanism? D-gal (200 mg/kg/day) was injected subcutaneously for 6 weeks to induce the mouse POI model. Mice treated with HNG were injected intraperitoneally with different concentrations for 6 weeks. Ovarian morphology, func","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.rbmo.2023.103330","pubmedId":"38163419","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=36, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2023.103330","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:02.101Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"cac48c64-5bf1-45f9-b7e8-be9f1c5cb9d4","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"[Gly14]-Humanin ameliorates high glucose-induced endothelial senescence via SIRT6.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39730568/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"[Gly14]-Humanin ameliorates high glucose-induced endothelial senescence via SIRT6.\" Abstract excerpt: High glucose (HG) induced endothelial senescence is related to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients. Humanin, a member of mitochondrial derived peptides (MDPs), is thought to contribute to aging-related cardiovascular protection. The goal of the study is to explore the pathogenesis of HG-induced endothelial senescence and potential anti-senescent effects of","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-024-81878-x","pubmedId":"39730568","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=142, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41598-024-81878-x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:02.172Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"e7694805-2f0a-493b-be77-cdc659d40655","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"[Gly14]-Humanin inhibits an angiotensin II-induced vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch via ameliorating intracellular oxidative stress.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36289015/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"[Gly14]-Humanin inhibits an angiotensin II-induced vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch via ameliorating intracellular oxidative stress.\" Abstract excerpt: Angiotensin II (AngII) is involved in the pathogenesis of hypertensive artery remodeling by inducing a phenotypic switch in vascular smooth muscle cells [Gly14]-Humanin (HNG), a humanin analogue, exerts potent cytoprotective effects both in vitro and in vivo . This study aimed to investigate the effects of HNG on an AngII-induced phenotypic switch in VSMCs and the potential mechanisms underlying t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1177/09603271221136208","pubmedId":"36289015","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=161, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/09603271221136208","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:02.246Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"609be918-c65c-47c9-9d49-5345f913ad47","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"[Gly14]-Humanin Ameliorates High Glucose-Induced Apoptosis by Inhibiting the Expression of MicroRNA-155 in Endothelial Microparticles.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34079312/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"[Gly14]-Humanin Ameliorates High Glucose-Induced Apoptosis by Inhibiting the Expression of MicroRNA-155 in Endothelial Microparticles.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin, a newly emerging endogenously expressed cytoprotective peptide, has been shown to have anti-apoptotic properties effects by protecting neuronal cells injury. Endothelial microparticles (EMPs) are considered as vital mediators in intercellular communication. EMPs may regulate various physiological and pathological processes by transferring mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) to recipient cells. E","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.2147/dmso.s306026","pubmedId":"34079312","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2147/dmso.s306026","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:02.369Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"63963c20-7c6e-4e38-853d-6b1afef7288e","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Role of humanin, a mitochondrial-derived peptide, in cardiovascular disorders.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32680738/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Role of humanin, a mitochondrial-derived peptide, in cardiovascular disorders.\" Abstract excerpt: The mitochondria produce specific peptides-mitochondrial-derived peptides-that mediate the transcriptional stress response by their translocation into the nucleus and interaction with deoxyribonucleic acid. Mitochondrial-derived peptides are regulators of metabolism. This class of peptides comprises humanin, mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S ribosomal ribonucleic acid type c (MOTS-c) and","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.acvd.2020.03.020","pubmedId":"32680738","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=301, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.acvd.2020.03.020","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:02.441Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"00558620-416e-43b7-808a-61e45bd38dfc","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"[Gly14]-Humanin Protects Against Amyloid β Peptide-Induced Impairment of Spatial Learning and Memory in Rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27306655/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"[Gly14]-Humanin Protects Against Amyloid β Peptide-Induced Impairment of Spatial Learning and Memory in Rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Alzheimer disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by cognitive decline and the accumulation of senile plaques in the brain. Amyloid &#x3b2; protein (A&#x3b2;) in the plaques is thought to be responsible for the memory loss in AD patients. [Gly14]-humanin (HNG), a derivative of humanin (HN), has much stronger neuroprotective effects than natural HN in vitro. However","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1007/s12264-016-0041-x","pubmedId":"27306655","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=280, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s12264-016-0041-x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:02.553Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"3b4388df-804d-40e1-8cdb-7e85a0a70cae","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"[Gly14]-Humanin offers neuroprotection through glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibition in a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23538063/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"[Gly14]-Humanin offers neuroprotection through glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibition in a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage.\" Abstract excerpt: Perihematomal brain edema formation and consequent cell death contribute to second brain injury resulting in severe neurological deficits and sometimes delayed fatality after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). [Gly14]-Humanin (HNG), a variant of Humanin (HN) in which the 14th amino acid serine is replaced with glycine, reduced Alzheimer's disease-relevant insults and improved neurological deficits in","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2013.03.023","pubmedId":"23538063","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=215, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2013.03.023","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:02.625Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"f4eec8c2-4494-4bfb-baf3-0dd8526ba99e","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Gly[14]-humanin inhibits ox-LDL uptake and stimulates cholesterol efflux in macrophage-derived foam cells.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27815075/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Gly[14]-humanin inhibits ox-LDL uptake and stimulates cholesterol efflux in macrophage-derived foam cells.\" Abstract excerpt: Foam cell formation, which is caused by imbalanced cholesterol influx and efflux by macrophages, plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. Humanin (HN), a mitochondria-derived peptide, can prevent the production of reactive oxygen species and death of human aortic endothelial cells exposed to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and has a protective effect on pa","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.138","pubmedId":"27815075","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=170, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.138","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:02.696Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"e1e83366-06ae-40bd-86fb-37aee9621fc5","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Roles of humanin and derivatives on the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases and cognition.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35104624/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Roles of humanin and derivatives on the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases and cognition.\" Abstract excerpt: Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are common among neurodegenerative diseases, but investigations into novel therapeutic approaches are currently limited. Humanin (HN) is a mitochondrial-derived peptide found in brain tissues of patients with familial AD and has been increasingly investigated in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. I","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130097","pubmedId":"35104624","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=216, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130097","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:02.768Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"3d018936-a20f-4810-9f16-075e495473d9","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Effect of Humanin and MOTS-c on ameliorating reproductive damage induced by prepubertal cyclophosphamide chemotherapy in male mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39079574/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Effect of Humanin and MOTS-c on ameliorating reproductive damage induced by prepubertal cyclophosphamide chemotherapy in male mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Male patients who undergo prepubertal chemotherapy face the dual problems of fertility preservation in adulthood, including low testosterone, hypersexual function, and infertility. Humanin, as a small polypeptide coded within the mitochondrial DNA, with the mitochondrial short open reading frame named MOTS-c, both was believed to regulate mitochondrial homeostasis, be anti-inflammatory, improve me","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108674","pubmedId":"39079574","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=181, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108674","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:02.887Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"9f06a790-7ac3-48f0-ac21-981f7bf5cc71","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Exogenous humanin and MOTS-c function as protective agents against gentamicin-induced hair cell damage.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37633181/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Exogenous humanin and MOTS-c function as protective agents against gentamicin-induced hair cell damage.\" Abstract excerpt: Loss of hair cells can lead to irreversible sensorineural hearing loss. Therefore, hair cell preservation is critical for hearing. Mitochondrial derived peptides (MDPs) are bioactive peptides and prominent members of this family are humanin (HN) and the mitochondrial-open-reading frame of the twelve S c (MOTS-c). The protective roles of HN and MOTS-c in age-related diseases and in various tissues ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.08.033","pubmedId":"37633181","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=233, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.08.033","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:02.961Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"10a29975-eb45-41ff-a892-077deac7ee49","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Effect of Humanin G (HNG) on inflammation in age-related macular degeneration (AMD).","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35576057/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Effect of Humanin G (HNG) on inflammation in age-related macular degeneration (AMD).\" Abstract excerpt: Inflammation plays a crucial role in the etiology and pathogenesis of AMD (Age-related Macular Degeneration). Humanin G (HNG) is a Mitochondrial Derived Peptide (MDP) that is cytoprotective in AMD and can protect against mitochondrial and cellular stress induced by damaged AMD mitochondria. The goal of this study was to test our hypothesis that inflammation-associated marker protein levels are inc","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.18632/aging.204074","pubmedId":"35576057","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=110, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.18632/aging.204074","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:03.078Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"f47ef095-7b4f-46f0-9422-563f402c3bf4","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"High-dose Humanin analogue applied during ischemia exerts cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing mitochondrial dysfunction.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28726291/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"High-dose Humanin analogue applied during ischemia exerts cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing mitochondrial dysfunction.\" Abstract excerpt: Although the gold standard treatment for acute myocardial infarction is reperfusion therapy, reperfusion itself can cause myocardial damage via induction of cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction. This can lead to increased myocardial infarct size, arrhythmias, and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Recently, a newly discovered peptide, Humanin, has been shown to exert several beneficial effects includ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1111/1755-5922.12289","pubmedId":"28726291","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=334, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/1755-5922.12289","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:03.148Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"3afba23c-2800-4977-bf00-ed76f36fb05e","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"[Gly(14)]-humanin rescues long-term potentiation from amyloid beta protein-induced impairment in the rat hippocampal CA1 region in vivo.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19768812/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"[Gly(14)]-humanin rescues long-term potentiation from amyloid beta protein-induced impairment in the rat hippocampal CA1 region in vivo.\" Abstract excerpt: The novel neuroprotective action of Humanin (HN), especially its derivative [Gly(14)]-humanin (HNG), against Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related insults has been reported. However, it is still short of electrophysiological evidence for the protection of HN on synaptic plasticity, and the molecular mechanisms that underlie the neuroprotective function of HN remain largely unknown. The present study ex","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1002/syn.20707","pubmedId":"19768812","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=36, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/syn.20707","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:03.221Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"ad5eae8d-26c4-4ff9-adb9-d6a6edbdddbd","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Effect of humanin analogues on experimentally induced impairment of spatial memory in rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15526713/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Effect of humanin analogues on experimentally induced impairment of spatial memory in rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin and its analogues have been shown to protect cells against death induced by various Alzheimer's disease genes and amyloid-beta-peptides in vitro: the analogue [Gly14]-humanin has also been shown to be potent in reversing learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine in mice in vivo. It is important to validate these results by using other behavioral methods. In this study, the effe","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1002/psc.569","pubmedId":"15526713","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/psc.569","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:03.292Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"6e219d2d-cf14-4e78-ac32-cfa3d5aa054b","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"[Gly(14)]-Humanin improved the learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine in vivo.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11739234/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"[Gly(14)]-Humanin improved the learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine in vivo.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin is a very recently discovered 24 amino acid linear polypeptide, which protects against cell death induced by either familial Alzheimer's disease mutant of amyloid precursor protein, presenilin-1 or presenilin-2 in vitro. However, it has remained uncertain whether humanin is a useful drug for the animal model of learning and memory deficit. In this study, we evaluated the effects of [Gly(14","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2001,"doi":"10.1038/sj.bjp.0704429","pubmedId":"11739234","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704429","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:03.411Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"8c6c892e-8802-4ac5-91c3-19e178f0867c","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"The Potent Humanin Analogue (HNG) Protects Germ Cells and Leucocytes While Enhancing Chemotherapy-Induced Suppression of Cancer Metastases in Male Mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26384090/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"The Potent Humanin Analogue (HNG) Protects Germ Cells and Leucocytes While Enhancing Chemotherapy-Induced Suppression of Cancer Metastases in Male Mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin is a peptide that is cytoprotective against stresses in many cell types. We investigated whether a potent humanin analogue S14G-humanin (HNG) would protect against chemotherapy-induced damage to normal cells without interfering with the chemotherapy-induced suppression of cancer cells. Young adult male mice were inoculated iv with murine melanoma cells. After 1 week, cancer-bearing mice we","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1210/en.2015-1542","pubmedId":"26384090","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2015-1542","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:03.485Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"adc639dd-bf2e-43a1-95f8-8010c9ef05bc","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Effects of Humanin G (HNG) on angiogenesis and neurodegeneration markers in Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD).","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38029849/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Effects of Humanin G (HNG) on angiogenesis and neurodegeneration markers in Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD).\" Abstract excerpt: Advanced stages of Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) are characterized by retinal neurodegeneration and aberrant angiogenesis, and mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of AMD. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that Humanin G (HNG), a cytoprotective mitochondrial-derived peptide, positively regulates cell proliferation, cell death, and the protein levels of angiogene","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.mito.2023.11.001","pubmedId":"38029849","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=247, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.mito.2023.11.001","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:03.602Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"d9a707bb-2f6f-4e7f-989b-b5699e2378bf","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin G (HNG) protects age-related macular degeneration (AMD) transmitochondrial ARPE-19 cybrids from mitochondrial and cellular damage.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28726777/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin G (HNG) protects age-related macular degeneration (AMD) transmitochondrial ARPE-19 cybrids from mitochondrial and cellular damage.\" Abstract excerpt: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) ranks third among the leading causes of visual impairment with a blindness prevalence rate of 8.7%. Despite several treatment regimens, such as anti-angiogenic drugs, laser therapy, and vitamin supplementation, being available for wet AMD, to date there are no FDA-approved therapies for dry AMD. Substantial evidence implicates mitochondrial damage and retinal","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1038/cddis.2017.348","pubmedId":"28726777","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/cddis.2017.348","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:27.569Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"5f65c734-68e4-4471-8bfe-2fd36103fb67","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"HUMANIN produced by human efferocytic macrophages promotes the resolution of inflammation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40877234/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"HUMANIN produced by human efferocytic macrophages promotes the resolution of inflammation.\" Abstract excerpt: Elimination of apoptotic neutrophils by macrophages, a process called efferocytosis, is a critical step in the resolution of inflammation. Efferocytosis induces the reprogramming of macrophages towards a pro-resolving phenotype and triggers the secretion of pro-resolving factors. While mouse efferocytic macrophages are well-described, less is known about human efferocytic macrophages. Here, using ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41419-025-07909-1","pubmedId":"40877234","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41419-025-07909-1","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:27.647Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"3d4d7c92-1ddb-467e-a9d2-a87dc9e4fbf5","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin-induced autophagy plays important roles in skeletal muscle function and lifespan extension.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34624450/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin-induced autophagy plays important roles in skeletal muscle function and lifespan extension.\" Abstract excerpt: Autophagy, a highly conserved homeostatic mechanism, is essential for cell survival. The decline of autophagy function has been implicated in various diseases as well as aging. Although mitochondria play a key role in the autophagy process, whether mitochondrial-derived peptides are involved in this process has not been explored. We developed a high through put screening method to identify potenti","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130017","pubmedId":"34624450","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130017","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:27.723Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"8c2a37a5-e820-481a-ae2c-2abffcaa7b2a","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin Mitigates Aβ-Induced Retinal Pigment Epithelium Injury via AMPK-Beclin1-Dependent Mitophagy.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42333946/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin Mitigates Aβ-Induced Retinal Pigment Epithelium Injury via AMPK-Beclin1-Dependent Mitophagy.\" Abstract excerpt: Amyloid beta (A&#x3b2;), a key component of drusen in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), induces oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and degeneration in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), contributing to progressive vision loss in the elderly. We investigated the protective role of Humanin (HN), a mitochondria-derived peptide with known neuroprotective effects in A&#x3b2;-related ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/acel.70601","pubmedId":"42333946","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/acel.70601","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:27.799Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"55523929-0803-41f5-bb9e-f3abde4450ad","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin ameliorates TBI-related cognitive impairment by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37926362/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin ameliorates TBI-related cognitive impairment by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation.\" Abstract excerpt: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often results in a reduction of the capacity of cells to sustain energy demands, thus, compromising neuronal function and plasticity. Here we show that the mitochondrial activator humanin (HN) counteracts a TBI-related reduction in mitochondrial bioenergetics, including oxygen consumption rate. HN normalized the disruptive action of TBI on memory function, and restored","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166937","pubmedId":"37926362","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166937","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:27.874Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"de8e86ed-843d-4f1f-b430-bab0aca5267b","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin derivative, HNG, enhances neurotransmitter release.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35843407/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin derivative, HNG, enhances neurotransmitter release.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is an endogenous 24-residue peptide that was first identified as a protective factor against neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We previously demonstrated that the highly potent HN derivative HNG (HN with substitution of Gly for Ser14) ameliorated cognitive impairment in AD mouse models. Despite the accumulating evidence on the antagonizing effects of HN against cognitive def","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130204","pubmedId":"35843407","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130204","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:27.947Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"c136a3b6-9a7d-4d53-ac75-98a28e0b8680","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin: A mitochondrial-derived peptide in the treatment of apoptosis-related diseases.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33130077/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin: A mitochondrial-derived peptide in the treatment of apoptosis-related diseases.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is a small mitochondrial-derived cytoprotective polypeptide encoded by mtDNA. HN exhibits protective effects in several cell types, including leukocytes, germ cells, neurons, tissues against cellular stress conditions and apoptosis through regulating various signaling mechanisms, such as JAK/STAT pathway and interaction of BCL-2 family of protein. HN is an essential cytoprotective pep","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118679","pubmedId":"33130077","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118679","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:28.023Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"87f14978-fc5b-4555-9501-7a4424f33d1f","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin protects cortical neurons from calyculin A-induced neurotoxicities by increasing PP2A activity and SOD.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32408779/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin protects cortical neurons from calyculin A-induced neurotoxicities by increasing PP2A activity and SOD.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is an extensive neuroprotective peptide. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effects of HN on Calyculin A (CA)-induced neurotoxicities in cortical neurons and the underlying mechanism. CA was added into the cultured cortical neurons to induce neurotoxicity. Cortical neurons were preincubated with HN which plays a protective role. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-dipheny","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1080/00207454.2020.1769617","pubmedId":"32408779","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/00207454.2020.1769617","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:28.099Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"e542c48d-0da9-4c1e-b5d2-d16697e6516e","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin attenuates palmitate-induced hepatic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance via AMPK-mediated suppression of the mTOR pathway.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32245619/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin attenuates palmitate-induced hepatic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance via AMPK-mediated suppression of the mTOR pathway.\" Abstract excerpt: The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear. Humanin (HN), a cytoprotective polypeptide, reportedly exhibits neuroprotective effects via suppression of inflammation and improvement of insulin resistance in neurons. This study aim was to investigate effects of HN on lipid accumulation in the hepatocytes and insulin signaling, and explore the underlying mechanisms. ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.128","pubmedId":"32245619","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.128","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:28.175Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"bc548fcf-1bcc-496c-9fd2-e5f84d6bf478","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin Promotes Tumor Progression in Experimental Triple Negative Breast Cancer.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32444831/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin Promotes Tumor Progression in Experimental Triple Negative Breast Cancer.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is a mitochondrial-derived peptide with cytoprotective effect in many tissues. Administration of HN analogs has been proposed as therapeutic approach for degenerative diseases. Although HN has been shown to protect normal tissues from chemotherapy, its role in tumor pathogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the effect of HN on the progression of experimental triple negativ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-020-65381-7","pubmedId":"32444831","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41598-020-65381-7","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:28.252Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"127e2ba6-f8bc-4483-9e07-44ca670e7845","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin selectively prevents the activation of pro-apoptotic protein BID by sequestering it into fibers.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33106313/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin selectively prevents the activation of pro-apoptotic protein BID by sequestering it into fibers.\" Abstract excerpt: Members of the B-cell lymphoma (BCL-2) protein family regulate mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), a phenomenon in which mitochondria become porous and release death-propagating complexes during the early stages of apoptosis. Pro-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins oligomerize at the mitochondrial outer membrane during MOMP, inducing pore formation. Of current interest are endogenous factor","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1074/jbc.ra120.013023","pubmedId":"33106313","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1074/jbc.ra120.013023","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:28.326Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"a67b646a-6ea7-4eb8-89a8-e03179d488a0","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin analogue, HNG, inhibits platelet activation and thrombus formation by stabilizing platelet microtubules.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32174022/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin analogue, HNG, inhibits platelet activation and thrombus formation by stabilizing platelet microtubules.\" Abstract excerpt: HNG, a highly potent mutant of the anti-Alzheimer peptide-humanin, has been shown to protect against ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the underlying mechanism related to platelet activation remains unknown. We proposed that HNG has an effect on platelet function and thrombus formation. In this study, platelet aggregation, granule secretion, clot retraction, integrin activation and adhe","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1111/jcmm.15151","pubmedId":"32174022","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/jcmm.15151","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:28.399Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"1709531f-1e78-4488-bce5-b4271e317590","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin induces conformational changes in the apoptosis regulator BAX and sequesters it into fibers, preventing mitochondrial outer-membrane permeabilization.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31690630/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin induces conformational changes in the apoptosis regulator BAX and sequesters it into fibers, preventing mitochondrial outer-membrane permeabilization.\" Abstract excerpt: The mitochondrial, or intrinsic, apoptosis pathway is regulated mainly by members of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) protein family. BCL-2-associated X apoptosis regulator (BAX) plays a pivotal role in the initiation of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis as one of the factors causing mitochondrial outer-membrane permeabilization (MOMP). Of current interest are endogenous BAX ligands that inhibit its MO","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1074/jbc.ra119.011297","pubmedId":"31690630","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1074/jbc.ra119.011297","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:28.476Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"7fade022-b4fe-4486-8612-30b8a960149c","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin is an endogenous activator of chaperone-mediated autophagy.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29187525/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin is an endogenous activator of chaperone-mediated autophagy.\" Abstract excerpt: Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) serves as quality control during stress conditions through selective degradation of cytosolic proteins in lysosomes. Humanin (HN) is a mitochondria-associated peptide that offers cytoprotective, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective effects in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we demonstrate that HN directly activates CMA by increasing substrate binding and trans","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1083/jcb.201606095","pubmedId":"29187525","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1083/jcb.201606095","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:28.551Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"b97850bb-c92b-4b39-b082-74f998e6fce0","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin Attenuates NMDA-Induced Excitotoxicity by Inhibiting ROS-dependent JNK/p38 MAPK Pathway.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30274308/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin Attenuates NMDA-Induced Excitotoxicity by Inhibiting ROS-dependent JNK/p38 MAPK Pathway.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is a novel 24-amino acid peptide that protects neurons against N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-induced toxicity. However, the contribution of the different mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signals to HN neuroprotection against NMDA neurotoxicity remains unclear. The present study was therefore aimed to investigate neuroprotective mechanisms of HN. We analyzed intracellular Ca 2+ ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.3390/ijms19102982","pubmedId":"30274308","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/ijms19102982","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:28.628Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"653136f8-1403-4b7b-ac28-5006a02558f0","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin ameliorates diazepam-induced memory deficit in mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27814910/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin ameliorates diazepam-induced memory deficit in mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is an endogenous 24-residue peptide. A highly potent HN derivative, S14G-HN, which has a substitution of serine 14 to glycine, reduced amyloid burden and suppressed cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. S14G-HN also suppressed amnesia induced by a muscarinic receptor antagonist in rodents. To understand the effects of HN on brain function, we tested the effect ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2016.10.008","pubmedId":"27814910","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.npep.2016.10.008","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:28.703Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"669cbc43-edef-4b6f-9611-281dfd599c5a","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin affects object recognition and gliosis in short-term cuprizone-treated mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29070438/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin affects object recognition and gliosis in short-term cuprizone-treated mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is a 24-residue peptide that manipulates cell survival under various stresses. A highly potent HN derivative, HNG, reduced amyloid burden and neuroinflammation and suppressed cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease model mice. Cuprizone (CPZ), a copper chelator, provokes demyelination in the central nervous system of mice. A shorter (one week) exposure to CPZ induces schizophrenia","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2017.10.002","pubmedId":"29070438","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.npep.2017.10.002","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:28.780Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"4262510c-9704-44f3-941b-221e80bedb1b","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin rescues cultured rat cortical neurons from NMDA-induced toxicity through the alleviation of mitochondrial dysfunction.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28458518/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin rescues cultured rat cortical neurons from NMDA-induced toxicity through the alleviation of mitochondrial dysfunction.\" Abstract excerpt: N -methyl-D-aspartate (NDMA) receptor-mediated excitotoxicity has been implicated in a variety of pathological situations such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease. However, no effective treatments for the same have been developed so far. Humanin (HN) is a 24-amino acid peptide originally cloned from the brain of patients with AD and it prevents stress-induced cell death in many cel","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.2147/dddt.s133042","pubmedId":"28458518","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2147/dddt.s133042","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:28.854Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"09f22191-36fc-47c9-8559-02d8d47d3e13","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin Specifically Interacts with Amyloid-β Oligomers and Counteracts Their in vivo Toxicity.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28282805/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin Specifically Interacts with Amyloid-β Oligomers and Counteracts Their in vivo Toxicity.\" Abstract excerpt: The 24-residue peptide humanin (HN) has been proposed as a peptide-based inhibitor able to interact directly with amyloid-&#x3b2; (A&#x3b2;) oligomers and interfere with the formation and/or biological properties of toxic A&#x3b2; species. When administered exogenously, HN, or its synthetic S14G-derivative (HNG), exerted multiple cytoprotective effects, counteracting the A&#x3b2;-induced toxicity.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.3233/jad-160951","pubmedId":"28282805","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3233/jad-160951","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:28.926Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"09b8a209-1452-45f8-b85a-f01a8d3efa6c","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin Protects RPE Cells from Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptosis by Upregulation of Mitochondrial Glutathione.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27783653/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin Protects RPE Cells from Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptosis by Upregulation of Mitochondrial Glutathione.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is a small mitochondrial-encoded peptide with neuroprotective properties. We have recently shown protection of retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) cells by HN in oxidative stress; however, the effect of HN on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has not been evaluated in any cell type. Our aim here was to study the effect of HN on ER stress-induced apoptosis in RPE cells with a specific f","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0165150","pubmedId":"27783653","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0165150","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:28.998Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"6aa27b5c-4814-4b68-9450-290039bbd584","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin protects against chemotherapy-induced stage-specific male germ cell apoptosis in rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25891800/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin protects against chemotherapy-induced stage-specific male germ cell apoptosis in rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) has cytoprotective action on male germ cells after testicular stress induced by heat and hormonal deprivation. To examine whether HN has protective effects on chemotherapy-induced male germ cell apoptosis, we treated four groups of adult rats with (i) vehicle (control), (ii) HN, (iii) cyclophosphamide (CP); or (iv) HN+CP. To investigate whether the protective effects of HN on germ cel","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1111/andr.12036","pubmedId":"25891800","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/andr.12036","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:29.071Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"5545228f-09c1-4ff7-b0d3-e6aeae1b9749","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin protects neurons against apoptosis induced by Abeta31-35 through suppression of intrinsic pathway.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20401442/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin protects neurons against apoptosis induced by Abeta31-35 through suppression of intrinsic pathway.\" Abstract excerpt: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of humanin (HN) on primary cortical neuronal apoptosis induced by Abeta31-35, and explore the potential mechanisms. Cultured cortical neurons were pretreated with different concentrations of HN (5, 10, 20 micromol/L) for different time period (0, 8 and 16 h) respectively, and then exposed to Abeta31-35 (25 micromol/L) for additional 24 h and the n","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"20401442","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:20401442","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:29.521Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"fd41a69f-2dbe-4fec-b2fc-f98ed583afd1","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin attenuates Alzheimer-like cognitive deficits and pathological changes induced by amyloid β-peptide in rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25391447/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin attenuates Alzheimer-like cognitive deficits and pathological changes induced by amyloid β-peptide in rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Amyloid &#x3b2;-peptide (A&#x3b2;) has been implicated as a key molecule in the neurodegenerative cascades of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Humanin (HN) is a secretory peptide that inhibits the neurotoxicity of A&#x3b2;. However, the mechanism(s) by which HN exerts its neuroprotection against A&#x3b2;-induced AD-like pathological changes and memory deficits are yet to be completely defined. In the pre","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1007/s12264-014-1479-3","pubmedId":"25391447","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s12264-014-1479-3","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:29.147Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"372fabc7-0398-452b-863c-474f331729b0","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin protects cortical neurons from ischemia and reperfusion injury by the increased activity of superoxide dismutase.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21935731/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin protects cortical neurons from ischemia and reperfusion injury by the increased activity of superoxide dismutase.\" Abstract excerpt: The neuroprotective effects of superoxide dismutase (SOD) against hypoxia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and of humanin (HN) against toxicity by familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-related mutant SOD led us to hypothesize that HN might have a role to increase the activity of SOD, which might be involved in the protective effects of HN on neuron against Alzheimer's disease-unrelated neurotoxicit","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1007/s11064-011-0593-0","pubmedId":"21935731","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s11064-011-0593-0","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:29.222Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"bf334415-59b1-4cb2-a75f-4affae7e4a20","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin prevents intra-renal microvascular remodeling and inflammation in hypercholesterolemic ApoE deficient mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22820173/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin prevents intra-renal microvascular remodeling and inflammation in hypercholesterolemic ApoE deficient mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is an endogenous mitochondrial-derived cytoprotective peptide that has shown protective effects against atherosclerosis and is expressed in human vessels. However, its effects on the progression of kidney disease are unknown. We hypothesized that HN would protect the kidney in the early phase of atherogenesis. Forty-eight mice were studied in four groups (n=12 each). Twenty-four ApoE ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1016/j.lfs.2012.07.010","pubmedId":"22820173","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2012.07.010","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:29.296Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"bd2dd26b-08d7-4cc3-abf2-d516de1138e0","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin, a cytoprotective peptide, is expressed in carotid atherosclerotic [corrected] plaques in humans.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22328926/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin, a cytoprotective peptide, is expressed in carotid atherosclerotic [corrected] plaques in humans.\" Abstract excerpt: The mechanism of atherosclerotic plaque progression leading to instability, rupture, and ischemic manifestation involves oxidative stress and apoptosis. Humanin (HN) is a newly emerging endogenously expressed cytoprotective peptide. Our goal was to determine the presence and localization of HN in carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Plaque specimens from 34 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy w","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0031065","pubmedId":"22328926","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031065","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:29.372Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"c268c2df-0a58-4feb-8a0f-05003cf51add","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin preserves endothelial function and prevents atherosclerotic plaque progression in hypercholesterolemic ApoE deficient mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21763658/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin preserves endothelial function and prevents atherosclerotic plaque progression in hypercholesterolemic ApoE deficient mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is a cytoprotective peptide derived from endogenous mitochondria, expressed in the endothelial layer of human vessels, but its role in atherogenesis in vivo is not known. In vitro study, however, HN reduced oxidized low-density lipoprotein induced formation of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis. The present study tested the hypothesis that long term treatment with HN will have a pr","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.06.038","pubmedId":"21763658","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.06.038","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:29.447Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"b521fe63-3029-4c12-b2aa-06dfc1b49db4","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin: A Potential Treatment for PCOS?","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33899108/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin: A Potential Treatment for PCOS?\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqab085","pubmedId":"33899108","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/endocr/bqab085","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:31.291Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"50fcac3c-e08a-4461-9d4b-8d37f2972218","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanins, the neuroprotective and cytoprotective peptides with antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1734-1140(10)70337-6","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanins, the neuroprotective and cytoprotective peptides with antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is a newly discovered 24-amino acid peptide, which may suppress neuronal cell death. HN cDNA includes an open reading frame (HN-ORF) of 75 bases located 950 bases downstream of the 5' end of the HN cDNA. It has been demonstrated that HN cDNA is 99% identical to the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence. HN homologs have been identified as expressed sequence tags (ESTs) in both rats and n","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1016/s1734-1140(10)70337-6","pubmedId":"21098860","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s1734-1140(10)70337-6","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:29.596Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"9b0aa80d-4801-4dd5-81dc-88f779502ee1","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin is expressed in human vascular walls and has a cytoprotective effect against oxidized LDL-induced oxidative stress.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20562421/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin is expressed in human vascular walls and has a cytoprotective effect against oxidized LDL-induced oxidative stress.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is a 24-amino acid peptide that has been shown to have an anti-apoptotic function against neuronal cell death caused by Alzheimer's disease. Increased oxidative stress, one of the major factors contributing to this cell death, also plays an important role in the inflammatory process of atherosclerosis. The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that HN is expressed in the h","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1093/cvr/cvq191","pubmedId":"20562421","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/cvr/cvq191","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:29.670Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"961e916d-5656-4e6f-a352-40615ceb9891","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin structural versatility and interaction with model cerebral cortex membranes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19378954/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin structural versatility and interaction with model cerebral cortex membranes.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is a recently identified neuroprotective peptide able to inhibit neurotoxicity induced by various insults which can be related to Alzheimer disease (AD) as well as to cell death induced by other stimuli. Previous CD and NMR studies demonstrated that HN adopts an unordered conformation in water, a alpha-helix conformation in 30% TFE, and a beta-sheet structure in PBS. Furthermore, othe","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1021/bi900187s","pubmedId":"19378954","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1021/bi900187s","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:29.742Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"8cc39a8b-93fa-4bfc-9bb6-876d5ea6296c","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin: a novel central regulator of peripheral insulin action.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19623253/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin: a novel central regulator of peripheral insulin action.\" Abstract excerpt: Decline in insulin action is a metabolic feature of aging and is involved in the development of age-related diseases including Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). A novel mitochondria-associated peptide, Humanin (HN), has a neuroprotective role against AD-related neurotoxicity. Considering the association between insulin resistance and AD, we investigated if HN influences","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0006334","pubmedId":"19623253","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006334","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:29.815Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"8095ce65-0322-48cd-8c0a-983efa11f19f","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin; a defender against Alzheimer's disease?","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19149712/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin; a defender against Alzheimer's disease?\" Abstract excerpt: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurological disease with dementia. AD-related dementia is caused by death and dysfunction of neurons involved in cognitive function. It has been generally believed that increased levels of toxic amyloid-betas (Abetas) are linked to the occurrence of neuronal death as well as dysfunction (Abeta cascade theory). Consequently, lowering levels of toxic A","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.2174/157488909787002609","pubmedId":"19149712","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2174/157488909787002609","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:29.890Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"22ad52b3-7a29-4059-9233-053a0445a45b","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin expression in skeletal muscles of patients with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10038-006-0397-2","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin expression in skeletal muscles of patients with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia\" Abstract excerpt: We showed that humanin (HN), an endogenous peptide against Alzheimer disease-related insults, was expressed in muscles of patients with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO), a major mitochondrial disease. Because HN was recently found to block proapoptotic Bax function and exert its versatile cytoprotective effects in association with an increase in ATP levels, HN expression may thu","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1007/s10038-006-0397-2","pubmedId":"16639504","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s10038-006-0397-2","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:29.963Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"3633bc53-6645-411b-8608-ecee85a9de8a","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin and colivelin: neuronal-death-suppressing peptides for Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16958985/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin and colivelin: neuronal-death-suppressing peptides for Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN), a 24-amino-acid neuroprotective peptide, was originally found in the occipital lobe of an autopsied Alzheimer's disease (AD) patient. HN inhibits neuronal death by binding to its specific receptor on the cell membrane and triggering a Jak2/STAT3 prosurvival pathway. The activation of this pathway may represent a therapeutic approach to AD. HN also exhibits neuroprotective activity ag","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1111/j.1527-3458.2006.00113.x","pubmedId":"16958985","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1527-3458.2006.00113.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:30.038Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"fcf8a1e0-0cb4-46bd-8119-00ef05ee1a38","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin Attenuates Apoptosis Induced by DRPLA Proteins With Expanded Polyglutamine Stretches","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1385/jmn:25:2:165","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin Attenuates Apoptosis Induced by DRPLA Proteins With Expanded Polyglutamine Stretches\" Abstract excerpt: Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is an autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by expansion of CAG repeats in the DRPLA gene, which codes for a polyglutamine (polyQ) stretch. The expanded polyQs are known to form intracellular aggregates and to confer neurotoxic activity. Recent studies have indicated that activation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is involv","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1385/jmn:25:2:165","pubmedId":"15784964","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1385/jmn:25:2:165","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:30.110Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"3d552e88-9758-4fa2-a981-919fa37215f1","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin delays apoptosis in K562 cells by downregulation of P38 MAP kinase","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-005-1191-x","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin delays apoptosis in K562 cells by downregulation of P38 MAP kinase\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is a newly identified neuroprotective peptide. In this study, we investigated its antiapoptotic effect and the potential mechanisms in K562 cells. Upon serum deprivation, expression of HN in K562 cells decreased and its intracellular distribution changed from cytoplasm to cell membrane. In HN stably transfected K562 cells, apoptosis was delayed compared with control vector transfected","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1007/s10495-005-1191-x","pubmedId":"16151632","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s10495-005-1191-x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:30.923Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"f2df4ab7-9f47-4cf1-aaea-a2b08d0288a2","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin antagonists: mutants that interfere with dimerization inhibit neuroprotection by Humanin.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15128389/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin antagonists: mutants that interfere with dimerization inhibit neuroprotection by Humanin.\" Abstract excerpt: The 24-residue peptide Humanin (HN) protects neuronal cells from insults of various Alzheimer's disease (AD) genes and Abeta by forming a homodimer. We have previously shown that P3A, S7A, C8A, L9A, L12A, T13A, S14A and P19A mutations nullify the neuroprotective function of HN [Yamagishi, Y., Hashimoto, Y., Niikura, T. & Nishimoto, I. (2003) Peptides, 24, 585-595]. Here we examined whether any of ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1111/j.0953-816x.2004.03298.x","pubmedId":"15128389","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.0953-816x.2004.03298.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:30.183Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"d03e6106-bb61-402b-8d16-1093e737144c","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin: After the Discovery","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1385/mn:30:3:327","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin: After the Discovery\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is a novel neuroprotective factor that consists of 24 amino acid residues. HN suppresses neuronal cell death caused by Alzheimer's disease (AD)-specific insults, including both amyloid-beta (betaAbeta) peptides and familial AD-causative genes. Cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells are also protected from Abeta toxicity by HN, suggesting that HN affects both neuronal and non-neuronal cel","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1385/mn:30:3:327","pubmedId":"15655255","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1385/mn:30:3:327","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:30.255Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"ca346296-7616-401c-a68d-270f81d7c0e2","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin, a newly identified neuroprotective factor, uses the G protein-coupled formylpeptide receptor-like-1 as a functional receptor.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15153530/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin, a newly identified neuroprotective factor, uses the G protein-coupled formylpeptide receptor-like-1 as a functional receptor.\" Abstract excerpt: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by overproduction of beta amyloid peptides in the brain with progressive loss of neuronal cells. The 42-aa form of the beta amyloid peptide (Abeta(42)) is implied as a major causative factor, because it is toxic to neurons and elicits inflammatory responses in the brain by activating microglial cells. Despite the overproduction of Abeta(42), AD brain tissu","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.4049/jimmunol.172.11.7078","pubmedId":"15153530","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.4049/jimmunol.172.11.7078","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:30.327Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"0bb000f1-ed31-4835-9698-bed68ccd5cef","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin rescues human cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells from Aβ‐induced toxicity","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01524.x","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin rescues human cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells from Aβ‐induced toxicity\" Abstract excerpt: Cerebral amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) angiopathy (CAA) is a key pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related disorders. We have used human cerebrovascular smooth muscle (HCSM) cells as an in vitro model system to investigate the pathogenic mechanisms of the pathology of CAA. It was previously demonstrated that certain pathogenic forms of Abeta induce several pathologic responses in","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01524.x","pubmedId":"12558989","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01524.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:30.403Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"5ee8aeae-85e5-4187-b919-5065307f35fc","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin and Alzheimer's disease: The beginning of a new field.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34626746/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin and Alzheimer's disease: The beginning of a new field.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is an endogenous peptide factor and known as a member of mitochondrial-derived peptides. We first found the gene encoding this novel 24-residue peptide in a brain of an Alzheimer's disease (AD) patient as an antagonizing factor against neuronal cell death induced by AD-associated insults. This review presents an overview of HN actions in AD-related conditions among its wide range of a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130024","pubmedId":"34626746","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130024","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:30.479Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"e894983c-d707-4fc4-bc1b-52bb3e8ac8fb","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin: a harbinger of mitochondrial-derived peptides?","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23402768/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin: a harbinger of mitochondrial-derived peptides?\" Abstract excerpt: Mitochondria have been largely considered as 'end-function' organelles, servicing the cell by producing energy and regulating cell death in response to complex signals. Being cellular entities with vital roles, mitochondria communicate back to the cell and actively engage in determining major cellular policies. These signals, collectively referred to as retrograde signals, are encoded in the nucle","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.tem.2013.01.005","pubmedId":"23402768","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.tem.2013.01.005","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:31.587Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"ca91563c-3f72-415f-8fe5-7d9b414210e7","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin Blocks the Aggregation of Amyloid-β Induced by Acetylcholinesterase, an Effect Abolished in the Presence of IGFBP-3.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32383868/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin Blocks the Aggregation of Amyloid-β Induced by Acetylcholinesterase, an Effect Abolished in the Presence of IGFBP-3.\" Abstract excerpt: It is known that the humanin (HN) peptide binding to amyloid-&#x3b2; (A&#x3b2;) protects against its cytotoxic effects, while acetylcholinesterase (AChE) binding to A&#x3b2; increases its aggregation and cytotoxicity. HN is also known to bind the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3). Here, we examined the regulation of A&#x3b2; conformations by HN, AChE, and IGFBP-3 both in vitro","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00274","pubmedId":"32383868","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00274","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:30.555Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"c3131d2c-5d3e-41b4-9637-b0adacfa617d","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin decreases mitochondrial membrane permeability by inhibiting the membrane association and oligomerization of Bax and Bid proteins.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29265109/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin decreases mitochondrial membrane permeability by inhibiting the membrane association and oligomerization of Bax and Bid proteins.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is a 24-residue peptide identified from the brain of a patient with Alzheimer's disease (AD). HN has been found to protect against neuronal insult caused by A&#x3b2; peptides or transfection of familial AD mutant genes. In order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of HN neuroprotection, we explored the effects of HN on the association of Bax or Bid with lipid bilayers and their olig","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1038/aps.2017.169","pubmedId":"29265109","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/aps.2017.169","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:30.627Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"beecb99c-4aab-4ea4-8613-bd9c4d29d6e8","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin (HN) and glucose transporter 8 (GLUT8) in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29590129/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin (HN) and glucose transporter 8 (GLUT8) in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction.\" Abstract excerpt: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) results from a lack of nutrients transferred to the developing fetus, particularly oxygen and glucose. Increased expression of the cytoprotective mitochondrial peptide, humanin (HN), and the glucose transporter 8, GLUT8, has been reported under conditions of hypoxic stress. However, the presence and cellular localization of HN and GLUT8 in IUGR-related placen","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0193583","pubmedId":"29590129","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0193583","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:30.703Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"401e953e-ce9d-436c-b03b-645ada9f6478","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin binds MPP8: mapping interaction sites of the peptide and protein.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23532874/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin binds MPP8: mapping interaction sites of the peptide and protein.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN), a 24-amino acid peptide encoded by the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene, was discovered by screening a cDNA library from the occipital cortex of a patient with Alzheimer's disease (AD) for a protection factor against AD-relevant insults. Earlier, using the yeast two-hybrid system, we have identified the M-phase phosphoprotein 8 (MPP8) as a binding partner for HN. In the present work, we f","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1002/psc.2500","pubmedId":"23532874","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/psc.2500","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:30.775Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"864b99f6-a738-4ecb-991c-b32f5917e44c","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin: A mitochondria-derived peptide with emerging properties.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32800320/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin: A mitochondria-derived peptide with emerging properties.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.ancard.2020.07.015","pubmedId":"32800320","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ancard.2020.07.015","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:31.364Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"bc64c07a-2aa8-4bc7-ae44-beeac1d8ac1a","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin inhibits neuronal cell death by interacting with a cytokine receptor complex or complexes involving CNTF receptor alpha/WSX-1/gp130.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19386761/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin inhibits neuronal cell death by interacting with a cytokine receptor complex or complexes involving CNTF receptor alpha/WSX-1/gp130.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) inhibits neuronal death induced by various Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related insults via an unknown receptor on cell membranes. Our earlier study indicated that the activation of STAT3 was essential for HN-induced neuroprotection, suggesting that the HN receptor may belong to the cytokine receptor family. In this study, a series of loss-of-function tests indicated that gp130, the commo","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1091/mbc.e09-02-0168","pubmedId":"19386761","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1091/mbc.e09-02-0168","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:30.847Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"05e3eadb-028f-461d-90b7-56693f48ec8b","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin Binds and Nullifies Bid Activity by Blocking Its Activation of Bax and Bak","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m411902200","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin Binds and Nullifies Bid Activity by Blocking Its Activation of Bax and Bak\" Abstract excerpt: Recently, we discovered that Humanin (HN), a small endogenous peptide of 24 amino acids, binds to and inhibits the proapoptotic protein Bax. We show here that HN also interacts with the BH3-only Bcl-2/Bax family protein, Bid, as well as a truncated form of Bid (tBid) associated with protease-mediated activation of this proapoptotic protein. Synthetic HN peptide binds purified Bid and tBid in vitro","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1074/jbc.m411902200","pubmedId":"15661737","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1074/jbc.m411902200","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:30.995Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"73038efc-ac23-41e9-a195-37249f076755","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin improves impaired metabolic activity and prolongs survival of serum-deprived human lymphocytes","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1027372519726","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin improves impaired metabolic activity and prolongs survival of serum-deprived human lymphocytes\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) has been reported to be an endogenous peptide that exerts highly selective neuroprotection against cell death induced by various types of Alzheimer's disease-related insults. We previously proposed the much broader cytoprotective potential of HN from the result that HN suppressed serum-deprivation-induced death of rat pheochromocytoma cells. In this study, we showed that HN also suppr","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1023/a:1027372519726","pubmedId":"14674685","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1023/a:1027372519726","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:31.067Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"3a52bb97-aeee-4966-917b-b448cb8c8a9c","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin inhibits cell death of serum-deprived PC12h cells","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-200205070-00034","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin inhibits cell death of serum-deprived PC12h cells\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) and S14G HN (HNG) are recently discovered polypeptides that rescue cells from death induced by multiple different types of familial Alzheimer's disease genes and by amyloid-beta. However, the cytoprotective activity of these peptides against other cell death-inducing stimuli remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated, using three different methods (MTS assay, caspase-3 assay, and","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1097/00001756-200205070-00034","pubmedId":"11997711","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/00001756-200205070-00034","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:31.143Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"c79859b2-2604-4185-8362-b6f9ba5c6da9","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin gene expression in subjects with Parkinson's disease.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36626066/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin gene expression in subjects with Parkinson's disease.\" Abstract excerpt: Bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity and postural instability are the hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). Non-motor symptoms including cognitive, behavioral, and neuropsychiatric changes, sensory and sleep disturbances that may precede the motor symptoms by years. The peculiar pathological features of PD are decreased dopaminergic neurons and dopamine levels in the substantia nigra pars compacta and p","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1007/s11033-022-08132-3","pubmedId":"36626066","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s11033-022-08132-3","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:31.216Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"9d9fa73c-0930-4b9c-8f85-cd8a0b56c36c","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin exerts cardioprotection against cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury through attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27434747/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin exerts cardioprotection against cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury through attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction.\" Abstract excerpt: Myocardial reperfusion via the re-canalization of occluded coronary arteries is gold standard for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. However, reperfusion itself can cause myocardial damage due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, a process known as ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Cardiac mitochondria are the major organelle of ROS production in the heart. Cardiac mi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1111/1755-5922.12210","pubmedId":"27434747","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/1755-5922.12210","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:31.438Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"6be4e8f4-5948-46ad-b983-2c3965c4777f","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin attenuated the change of voltage-dependent potassium currents in hippocampal neurons induced by anoxia.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24341938/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin attenuated the change of voltage-dependent potassium currents in hippocampal neurons induced by anoxia.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1111/cns.12211","pubmedId":"24341938","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/cns.12211","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:31.512Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"dd63bede-384d-4f2f-8cc1-f588c3eda1c1","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin Is a Novel Neuroprotective Agent Against Stroke","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.0000242772.94277.1f","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin Is a Novel Neuroprotective Agent Against Stroke\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is a 24-amino acid peptide best known for its ability to protect neurons from damage caused by Alzheimer disease-related proteins. This study examines the neuroprotective effects of HNG (a potent form of HN) on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. Mice underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion for 75 minutes followed by 24-hour reperfusion. Mice were pretreated with 0.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1161/01.str.0000242772.94277.1f","pubmedId":"16960089","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Gly(14)-Humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1161/01.str.0000242772.94277.1f","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:31.664Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"e34742fb-5811-42d1-a255-08c5c500ec4b","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin detected in skeletal muscles of MELAS patients: a possible new therapeutic agent","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-004-0965-5","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin detected in skeletal muscles of MELAS patients: a possible new therapeutic agent\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) was originally identified as an endogenous peptide that protects neuronal cells from apoptosis induced by various types of Alzheimer's disease-related insults. We have previously indicated that HN increases cellular ATP levels and speculated that this peptide may rescue energy-deficient cells in mitochondrial disorders. Here, we report, for the first time, increased HN expression in s","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1007/s00401-004-0965-5","pubmedId":"15759134","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00401-004-0965-5","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:31.738Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"e66e3172-fde5-4a2b-a7b8-f9ec18bd1e1f","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin rescues cortical neurons from prion-peptide-induced apoptosis","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcn.2003.09.017","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin rescues cortical neurons from prion-peptide-induced apoptosis\" Abstract excerpt: We recently demonstrated that a soluble oligomeric prion peptide, the putative 118-135 transmembrane domain of prion protein (PrP), exhibited membrane fusogenic properties and induced apoptotic cell death both in vitro and in vivo. A recently discovered rescue factor humanin (HN) was shown to protect neuronal cells from various insults involved in human neurodegenerative diseases. We thus addresse","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1016/j.mcn.2003.09.017","pubmedId":"14962743","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2003.09.017","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:31.811Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"3704a24c-10ae-4994-9810-9c5d4c8f7aff","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Humanin peptide suppresses apoptosis by interfering with Bax activation","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01627","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Humanin peptide suppresses apoptosis by interfering with Bax activation\" Abstract excerpt: Bax (Bcl2-associated X protein) is an apoptosis-inducing protein that participates in cell death during normal development and in various diseases. Bax resides in an inactive state in the cytosol of many cells. In response to death stimuli, Bax protein undergoes conformational changes that expose membrane-targeting domains, resulting in its translocation to mitochondrial membranes, where Bax inser","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1038/nature01627","pubmedId":"12732850","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/nature01627","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:31.884Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"0db200cd-a91b-4c74-a67b-ddb8e2ec8687","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"A humanin analog decreases oxidative stress and preserves mitochondrial integrity in cardiac myoblasts.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23985350/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"A humanin analog decreases oxidative stress and preserves mitochondrial integrity in cardiac myoblasts.\" Abstract excerpt: A potent analog (HNG) of the endogenous peptide humanin protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI-R) injury in vivo, decreasing infarct size and improving cardiac function. Since oxidative stress contributes to the damage from MI-R we tested the hypotheses that: (1) HNG offers cardioprotection through activation of antioxidant defense mechanisms leading to preservation of mitochondrial ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.08.055","pubmedId":"23985350","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Gly(14)-Humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.08.055","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:31.963Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"da14ca38-3964-4853-94db-8a7f775d7dfa","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Acute humanin therapy attenuates myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury in mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20651283/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Acute humanin therapy attenuates myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury in mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN), an endogenous antiapoptotic peptide, has previously been shown to protect against Alzheimer's disease and a variety of cellular insults. We evaluated the effects of a potent analog of HN (HNG) in an in vivo murine model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Male C57BL6/J mice (8 to 10 week old) were subjected to 45 minutes of left coronary artery occlusion followed by a 24-hour rep","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1161/atvbaha.110.205997","pubmedId":"20651283","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Gly(14)-Humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1161/atvbaha.110.205997","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:32.712Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"cb6f3891-fec8-43f9-a781-744f0a105567","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"A humanin derivative reduces amyloid beta accumulation and ameliorates memory deficit in triple transgenic mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21264226/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"A humanin derivative reduces amyloid beta accumulation and ameliorates memory deficit in triple transgenic mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN), a 24-residue peptide, was identified as a novel neuroprotective factor and shows anti-cell death activity against a wide spectrum of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related cytotoxicities, including exposure to amyloid beta (Abeta), in vitro. We previously demonstrated that the injection of S14G-HN, a highly potent HN derivative, into brain ameliorated memory loss in an Abeta-injection mous","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0016259","pubmedId":"21264226","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016259","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:32.039Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"c08b67c4-ad6d-46f9-8f31-f728be76420f","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"A humanin derivative, S14G‐HN, prevents amyloid‐β‐induced memory impairment in mice","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.20391","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"A humanin derivative, S14G‐HN, prevents amyloid‐β‐induced memory impairment in mice\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is a 24-amino acid peptide that protects neuronal cells from death caused by Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related genes and amyloid-beta (Abeta). Multiple studies have revealed its biochemical and neuroprotective characteristics in vitro; however, little has been known regarding whether HN is effective in vivo in AD model systems. We examined the effect of S14G-HN, a 1,000-fold more poten","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1002/jnr.20391","pubmedId":"15678515","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/jnr.20391","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:32.111Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"88614eba-763b-4424-bfba-ab6586ebf159","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"The humanin peptide mediates ELP nanoassembly and protects human retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative stress.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31655204/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"The humanin peptide mediates ELP nanoassembly and protects human retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative stress.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is a hydrophobic 24-amino acid peptide derived from mitochondrial DNA that modulates cellular responses to oxidative stress and protects human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells from apoptosis. To solubilize HN, this report describes two genetically-encoded fusions between HN and elastin-like polypeptides (ELP). ELPs provide steric stabilization and/or thermo-responsive phase sepa","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2019.102111","pubmedId":"31655204","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.nano.2019.102111","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:32.183Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"822e80e7-299b-418a-8a28-231ffc84bfcc","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"[Gly14]-humanin restores cathepsin D function via FPRL1 and promotes autophagic degradation of Ox-LDL in HUVECs.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32917500/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"[Gly14]-humanin restores cathepsin D function via FPRL1 and promotes autophagic degradation of Ox-LDL in HUVECs.\" Abstract excerpt: Abnormal aggregation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) is one of the major pathological changes in atherosclerotic lesions. Our research aimed to assess the mechanism of humanin (HN) in promoting autophagic degradation of Ox-LDL in HUVECs. Flow cytometry and lipid quantitation results showed that Ox-LDL caused lipid and cholesterol accumulation in HU","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2020.07.022","pubmedId":"32917500","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Gly(14)-Humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2020.07.022","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:33.011Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"487ec281-e881-48a6-b0cc-425b09b2baba","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"The humanin analogue (HNG) prevents temozolomide-induced male germ cell apoptosis and other adverse effects in severe combined immuno-deficiency (SCID) mice bearing human medulloblastoma.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31085184/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"The humanin analogue (HNG) prevents temozolomide-induced male germ cell apoptosis and other adverse effects in severe combined immuno-deficiency (SCID) mice bearing human medulloblastoma.\" Abstract excerpt: Subfertility is a major concern of long-term cancer survivors at the reproductive age. We have previously demonstrated that a potent humanin analogue, HNG, protected chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in germ cells but not cancer cells in a metastatic melanoma allograft model. In this study, we utilized severe combined immuno-deficiency (SCID) mice bearing human medulloblastoma to study the effect of ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.104261","pubmedId":"31085184","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.104261","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:32.262Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"4546f211-bcb8-4f62-8d22-445b8ad4d155","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Rat Humanin is encoded and translated in mitochondria and is localized to the mitochondrial compartment where it regulates ROS production.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26116236/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Rat Humanin is encoded and translated in mitochondria and is localized to the mitochondrial compartment where it regulates ROS production.\" Abstract excerpt: Evidence for the putative mitochondrial origin of the Humanin (HN) peptide has been lacking, although its cytoprotective activity has been demonstrated in a variety of organismal and cellular systems. We sought to establish proof-of-principle for a mitochondria-derived peptide (MDP) in a rat-derived cellular system as the rat HN sequence is predicted to lack nuclear insertions of mitochondrial ori","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1016/j.mce.2015.06.015","pubmedId":"26116236","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.mce.2015.06.015","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:32.339Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"a91a3534-10eb-4a03-bdd0-0a8c91e5e246","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"S14G-humanin alleviates insulin resistance and increases autophagy in neurons of APP/PS1 transgenic mouse.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29058763/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"S14G-humanin alleviates insulin resistance and increases autophagy in neurons of APP/PS1 transgenic mouse.\" Abstract excerpt: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by A&#x3b2; plaque deposition in the brain, which is related to the disorder of autophagosome maturation, transport, and formation of autolysosome. Notably, abnormal insulin signaling is connected with cognitive dysfunction in AD. In this study, using APP/PS1 transgenic mice as AD model, we investigated the mechanism","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1002/jcb.26452","pubmedId":"29058763","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Gly(14)-Humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/jcb.26452","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:32.411Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"70ce08c8-206e-45b4-92cc-51b06d4ffe7c","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"S14G-humanin (HNG) protects retinal endothelial cells from UV-B-induced NLRP3 inflammation activation through inhibiting Egr-1.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34459932/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"S14G-humanin (HNG) protects retinal endothelial cells from UV-B-induced NLRP3 inflammation activation through inhibiting Egr-1.\" Abstract excerpt: UV-B stimulation can induce retinopathy, whose pathogenesis is currently unclear. UV-B mediated inflammation in retinal endothelial cells is reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of retinopathy. S14G-humanin (HNG) is a neuroprotective peptide that has recently been reported to exert significant anti-inflammatory effects and protective properties against cell death. The present study aims to ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1007/s00011-021-01489-4","pubmedId":"34459932","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Gly(14)-Humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00011-021-01489-4","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:32.487Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"8f96adfd-3c36-43a5-bb8d-5258c3ebf641","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"SERUM HUMANIN IN PEDIATRIC SEPTIC SHOCK-ASSOCIATED MULTIPLE-ORGAN DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37917869/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"SERUM HUMANIN IN PEDIATRIC SEPTIC SHOCK-ASSOCIATED MULTIPLE-ORGAN DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME.\" Abstract excerpt: Background: Multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome disproportionately contributes to pediatric sepsis morbidity. Humanin (HN) is a small peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA and thought to exert cytoprotective effects in endothelial cells and platelets. We sought to test the association between serum HN (sHN) concentrations and multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome in a prospectively enrolled cohort of","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1097/shk.0000000000002266","pubmedId":"37917869","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/shk.0000000000002266","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:32.563Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"00a3b89f-e1bc-4709-b7fa-06592e13af5b","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Novel humanin analogs confer neuroprotection and myoprotection to neuronal and myoblast cell cultures exposed to ischemia-like and doxorubicin-induced cell death insults.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32889021/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Novel humanin analogs confer neuroprotection and myoprotection to neuronal and myoblast cell cultures exposed to ischemia-like and doxorubicin-induced cell death insults.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is a 24-amino acid mitochondrial-derived peptide, best known for its ability to protect neurons from damage caused by ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative insults and cardiomyocytes from myocardial infarction or doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cardiotoxicity. This study examines the neuroprotective and myoprotective effects of HN novel synthetic analogs HUJInin and c(D-Ser14-HN), prepared ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170399","pubmedId":"32889021","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170399","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:32.637Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"56aebe2d-3c52-46a4-adb3-c8bf977034c3","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Potent humanin analogue (HNG) protects human sperm from freeze-thaw-induced damage.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30959025/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Potent humanin analogue (HNG) protects human sperm from freeze-thaw-induced damage.\" Abstract excerpt: This study was aimed to investigate the protective effect of potent humanin analogue (HNG) supplementation to freezing media on freezing-thawing induced human sperm damage. We collected semen samples with normal sperm parameters from 15 healthy men. After the swim-up processing, the motile spermatozoa from each of the men were allocated to four equal groups: In the control group, the spermatozoa w","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2019.04.001","pubmedId":"30959025","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.cryobiol.2019.04.001","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:32.787Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"aa9b71f5-19bf-4273-b8ab-520666536b59","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Plasma humanin as a prognostic biomarker for canine myxomatous mitral valve disease: a comparison with plasma NT-roBNP.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30605282/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Plasma humanin as a prognostic biomarker for canine myxomatous mitral valve disease: a comparison with plasma NT-roBNP.\" Abstract excerpt: Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is a cardiac condition commonly found in older dogs. The disease process can lead to heart failure (HF). In HF, an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and abnormal mitochondrial activity, as well as apoptosis, have been reported. Humanin (HN) is a polypeptide that has a cardioprotective effect against apoptosis and oxidative stress. The purposes of this","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.24425/124305","pubmedId":"30605282","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.24425/124305","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:32.863Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"56ef9b7c-1e94-45fe-b9d3-bb1809308900","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Potent humanin analog increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion through enhanced metabolism in the β cell.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23995290/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Potent humanin analog increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion through enhanced metabolism in the β cell.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is a 24-aa polypeptide that offers protection from Alzheimer's disease and myocardial infarction, increases insulin sensitivity, improves survival of &#x3b2; cells, and delays onset of diabetes. Here we examined the acute effects of HN on insulin secretion and potential mechanisms through which they are mediated. Effects of a potent HN analog, HNGF6A, on glucose-stimulated insulin sec","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1096/fj.13-231092","pubmedId":"23995290","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1096/fj.13-231092","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:32.935Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"c83908b5-97f4-43b2-8cd4-afc14c644c22","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Unravelling the role of Humanin.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15106598/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Unravelling the role of Humanin.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN), a recently identified neuroprotective factor against Alzheimer's disease-related insults, has been reported to function as an anti cell-death factor through multiple mechanisms. One mechanism, revealed in a glioblastoma cell line, involves the apoptosis-inducing protein Bax. This, in addition to the fact that HN is produced in certain normal tissues, such as testis, implies a potenti","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1016/j.molmed.2004.01.001","pubmedId":"15106598","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2004.01.001","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:36.179Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"4fb29401-1052-40e8-aca9-093c88c45fb4","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"[Gly14]-Humanin reduces histopathology and improves functional outcome after traumatic brain injury in mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23178909/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"[Gly14]-Humanin reduces histopathology and improves functional outcome after traumatic brain injury in mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) has been identified as an endogenous peptide that inhibited AD-relevant neuronal cell death. HNG, a variant of HN in which the 14th amino acid serine was replaced with glycine, can reduce infarct volume and improve neurological deficits after ischemia/reperfusion injury. In this study, we aimed to examine the neuroprotective effect of HNG on traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mice and ex","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.11.019","pubmedId":"23178909","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.11.019","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:33.087Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"34ecd545-4cd6-409a-88ba-a79a3fc5835f","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"[[Gly14]-humanin protects against Aβ₃₁₋₃₅-induced impairment of spatial learning and memory in rats].","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23258324/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"[[Gly14]-humanin protects against Aβ₃₁₋₃₅-induced impairment of spatial learning and memory in rats].\" Abstract excerpt: Amyloid &#x3b2; protein (A&#x3b2;) is closely involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and one of the main strategies for AD treatment is antagonizing the neurotoxicity of A&#x3b2; or even clearing the A&#x3b2; deposited in the brain. The present study was aimed to observe the effects of intrahippocampal injection of A&#x3b2;&#x2083;&#x2081;&#x208b;&#x2083;&#x2085; on the spatial ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"23258324","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Gly(14)-Humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:23258324","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:33.158Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"ca693e68-c22f-4ab9-8c0f-5774f65864b1","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Effect of humanin on decreased ATP levels of human lymphocytes harboring A3243G mutant mitochondrial DNA","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npep.2004.11.004","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Effect of humanin on decreased ATP levels of human lymphocytes harboring A3243G mutant mitochondrial DNA\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) was originally identified as an endogenous peptide that protects neuronal cells from apoptosis by mutant Alzheimer's disease genes. This 24-residue peptide has been recently shown to suppress apoptosis by interfering with activation of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) in cytosol. In the present study, we showed that HN increases ATP levels in human lymphocytes, muscular TE671 cells, a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2004.11.004","pubmedId":"15752543","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.npep.2004.11.004","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:33.231Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"fe8c0e0d-154c-44da-8bbe-f6e3fe6837a8","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Effects of humanin on experimental colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid in rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28361841/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Effects of humanin on experimental colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid in rats.\" Abstract excerpt: The excessive apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) partly accounts for the development of colonic inflammation and eventually results in ulcerative colitis (UC). Humanin, an endogenous anti-apoptotic peptide, has previously been shown to protect against Alzheimer's disease and a variety of cellular insults. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of glysin variant of humanin ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.4103/sjg.sjg_318_16","pubmedId":"28361841","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.4103/sjg.sjg_318_16","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:33.307Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"52148e27-997b-4dda-8832-f874f6799592","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Circulating Humanin Improves the Prognostic Accuracy of Cardiovascular Risk Models in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41849628/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Circulating Humanin Improves the Prognostic Accuracy of Cardiovascular Risk Models in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients.\" Abstract excerpt: Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (CVMM) remain highly prevalent among end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis (HD). Nevertheless, risk prediction in this setting is limited by the complexity of factors involved and the individual patients' characteristics. In this study, we evaluated whether circulating levels of Humanin, a micropeptide reflecting mitochondri","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1159/000551517","pubmedId":"41849628","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1159/000551517","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:33.378Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"2352d9cc-959c-4c22-9f13-0ef189f12046","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"The role of humanin in natural stress tolerance: An underexplored therapeutic avenue.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34626747/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"The role of humanin in natural stress tolerance: An underexplored therapeutic avenue.\" Abstract excerpt: The discovery of humanin (HN/MTRNR2) 20&#xa0;years ago blazed a trail to identifying mitochondrial derived peptides with biological function. Humanin is associated with pro-survival, cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative properties and may play a role in reducing neurodegenerative and metabolic disease progression. Although the role of humanin in vitro and in vivo laboratory models","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130022","pubmedId":"34626747","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130022","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:33.451Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"4a28869b-c910-478f-b914-1cc6a37cde58","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"The role of humanin in the regulation of reproduction.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34626748/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"The role of humanin in the regulation of reproduction.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin, a mitochondria-derived peptide, has been found to exert variously protective function in many tissues, especially in the nervous tissues. However, relatively limited studies have focused on the role of humanin in the regulation of reproduction. Current observations indicate that humanin plays an important role in regulating the response of the cell to oxidative stress and apoptosis in ova","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130023","pubmedId":"34626748","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130023","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:33.595Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"bf5fb3a8-b1f8-406c-a611-a5d1dd18ebe6","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Rubimetide, humanin, and MMK1 exert anxiolytic-like activities via the formyl peptide receptor 2 in mice followed by the successive activation of DP1, A2A, and GABAA receptors.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27475912/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Rubimetide, humanin, and MMK1 exert anxiolytic-like activities via the formyl peptide receptor 2 in mice followed by the successive activation of DP1, A2A, and GABAA receptors.\" Abstract excerpt: Rubimetide (Met-Arg-Trp), which had been isolated as an antihypertensive peptide from an enzymatic digest of spinach ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), showed anxiolytic-like activity prostaglandin (PG) D2-dependent manner in the elevated plus-maze test after administration at a dose of 0.1mg/kg (ip.) or 1mg/kg (p.o.) in male mice of ddY strain. In this study, we found that rub","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2016.07.001","pubmedId":"27475912","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2016.07.001","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:33.674Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"7fa35a67-2b62-4fc7-ba95-895d3aa196af","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Circulating humanin levels are associated with preserved coronary endothelial function.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23220334/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Circulating humanin levels are associated with preserved coronary endothelial function.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin is a small endogenous antiapoptotic peptide, originally identified as protective against Alzheimer's disease, but subsequently also found on human endothelium as well as carotid artery plaques. Endothelial dysfunction is a precursor to the development of atherosclerotic plaques, which are characterized by a highly proinflammatory, reactive oxygen species, and apoptotic milieu. Previous ani","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1152/ajpheart.00765.2012","pubmedId":"23220334","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00765.2012","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:33.748Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"9036d398-fbad-4143-ac56-b01c5cddab26","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Circulating humanin is lower in coronary artery disease and is a prognostic biomarker for major cardiac events in humans.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34525397/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Circulating humanin is lower in coronary artery disease and is a prognostic biomarker for major cardiac events in humans.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin is an endogenous mitochondria-derived peptide that plays critical roles in oxidative stress, inflammation and CAD. In this study, we measured the levels of circulating humanin, markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with unstable angina and MI and studied the relationship between these parameters and major adverse cardiac events (MACE). A total of 327 subjects were recrui","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130010","pubmedId":"34525397","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130010","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:33.823Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"88a22f07-5ae3-4591-b028-328b7056f2e7","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Inactive C8A‑humanin analog is as stable as a potent S14G‑humanin analog.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24247787/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Inactive C8A‑humanin analog is as stable as a potent S14G‑humanin analog.\" Abstract excerpt: We have previously shown that the structural stability of humanin&#xa0;(HN), a neuroprotective peptide ligand, is one of the attributes to the observed activity differences between HN analogs. It has been observed that the activity increased consecutively in the S7A&#x2011;HN analog, the parent HN and the S14G&#x2011;HN analog, consistent with the increased stability observed in that order. In the","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.3892/mmr.2013.1797","pubmedId":"24247787","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Gly(14)-Humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3892/mmr.2013.1797","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:33.896Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"87230c1a-ed5b-4f34-b894-de576aeb74e5","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"N-Formylated humanin activates both formyl peptide receptor-like 1 and 2","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.09.046","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"N-Formylated humanin activates both formyl peptide receptor-like 1 and 2\" Abstract excerpt: We have discovered that humanin (HN) acts as a ligand for formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1) and 2 (FPRL2). This discovery was based on our finding that HN suppressed forskolin-induced cAMP production in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing human FPRL1 (CHO-hFPRL1) or human FPRL2 (CHO-hFPRL2). In addition, we found that N-formylated HN (fHN) performed more potently as a ligand for FPRL","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.09.046","pubmedId":"15465011","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.09.046","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:33.970Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"7c608406-ca1b-4aba-8b77-ddadb6092d0b","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Mitochondrial humanin peptide acts as a cytoprotective factor in granulosa cell survival.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33764899/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Mitochondrial humanin peptide acts as a cytoprotective factor in granulosa cell survival.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is a short peptide involved in many biological processes such as apoptosis, cell survival, inflammatory response, and reaction to stressors like oxidative stress, between others. In the ovary, a correct balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic factors is crucial for folliculogenesis. In the follicular atresia, survival or death of granulosa cells is a critical process. The goal of this","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1530/rep-20-0197","pubmedId":"33764899","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1530/rep-20-0197","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:34.044Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"7955ed52-45f1-450e-a01e-88484fc34816","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"An evidence of Humanin-like peptide and Humanin mediated cryosurvival of spermatozoa in buffalo bulls.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36183493/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"An evidence of Humanin-like peptide and Humanin mediated cryosurvival of spermatozoa in buffalo bulls.\" Abstract excerpt: Buffalo spermatozoa are vulnerable to cryo-injuries due to inherent deficiency of endogenous antioxidants, high polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content in plasma membrane and low cholesterol/phospholipid (C/P) ratio. Humanin is a potent cytoprotective agent that protects the cells against oxidative stress and apoptosis. The present study was designed to establish the presence of Humanin in buff","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.09.013","pubmedId":"36183493","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.09.013","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:34.118Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"66fc5f7c-f1b3-4cad-a68e-63ffbb9592ee","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"The effects of humanin and its analogues on male germ cell apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic drugs.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25666707/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"The effects of humanin and its analogues on male germ cell apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic drugs.\" Abstract excerpt: Human (HN) prevents stress-induced apoptosis in many cells/tissues. In this study we showed that HN ameliorated chemotherapy [cyclophosphamide (CP) and Doxorubicin (DOX)]-induced male germ cell apoptosis both ex vivo in seminiferous tubule cultures and in vivo in the testis. HN acts by several putative mechanisms via binding to: an IL-12 like trimeric membrane receptor; BAX; or insulin-like growth","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1007/s10495-015-1105-5","pubmedId":"25666707","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s10495-015-1105-5","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:34.190Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"a466497a-e30c-41d0-b054-e7add4bd4b0b","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Follicular fluid humanin concentration is related to ovarian reserve markers and clinical pregnancy after IVF-ICSI: a pilot study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30503199/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Follicular fluid humanin concentration is related to ovarian reserve markers and clinical pregnancy after IVF-ICSI: a pilot study.\" Abstract excerpt: Is humanin present in the human ovary and follicular fluid? What relationship exists between humanin concentration in the follicular fluid and ovarian reserve and clinical outcomes after IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)? Follicular fluid samples were collected from 179 patients undergoing their first IVF or ICSI cycle during oocyte retrieval. Ovarian tissues were collected from two ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.11.002","pubmedId":"30503199","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.11.002","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:34.264Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"4e95b4f5-be4a-4a82-bb4f-916e7594bef7","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"D-Ser-containing humanin shows promotion of fibril formation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21735222/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"D-Ser-containing humanin shows promotion of fibril formation.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN), a peptide of 24 amino acid residues, suppresses the neuronal cell death that is induced by the gene products of Alzheimer's disease. HN contains two Ser residues at positions 7 and 14. Because the proportion of D-Ser isomerized from L-Ser in proteins appears to increase as cellular organs age, we explored the structural effects of the isomerization of each Ser residue in HN. By using","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1007/s00726-011-0971-6","pubmedId":"21735222","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00726-011-0971-6","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:34.338Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"e11b391f-0387-4ff0-aede-3bffa7e0499d","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Cryoprotection of humanin-like peptides in seminal plasma for ejaculated spermatozoa of crossbred bulls.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36626132/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Cryoprotection of humanin-like peptides in seminal plasma for ejaculated spermatozoa of crossbred bulls.\" Abstract excerpt: Cryopreservation process negatively affects spermatozoa functions. Humanin, a small polypeptide encoded in the mitochondrial genome, is well known for its role in cell survival. To quantify the endogenous levels of humanin in seminal plasma of crossbred Frieswal bulls and to study its role in cryoprotection. The presence of humanin in bull spermatozoa was also investigated. A total of 40 semen sam","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.54680/fr22510110712","pubmedId":"36626132","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.54680/fr22510110712","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:34.411Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"8a404fa6-b718-4e09-a7f4-9087d940dff5","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Protective role of humanin on bortezomib-induced bone growth impairment in anticancer treatment.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24586107/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Protective role of humanin on bortezomib-induced bone growth impairment in anticancer treatment.\" Abstract excerpt: Bortezomib is a proteasome inhibitor currently studied in clinical trials of childhood cancers. So far, no side effects on bone growth have been reported in treated children. However, bortezomib was recently found to induce apoptosis in growth plate chondrocytes and impair linear bone growth in treated mice. We hypothesize that [Gly(14)]-humanin (HNG), a 24-amino acid synthetic antiapoptotic pepti","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1093/jnci/djt459","pubmedId":"24586107","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/jnci/djt459","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:34.487Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"e0e45b93-6a44-4616-b666-1c05c36518e5","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Potential Roles of Humanin on Apoptosis in the Heart.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26667157/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Potential Roles of Humanin on Apoptosis in the Heart.\" Abstract excerpt: The process of programmed cell death, or apoptosis, is known as a key player in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. The proposed mechanism for apoptosis is the activation of two main apoptotic signaling pathways (the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways), which lead to cell death. As the rate and amount of cardiomyocyte loss is the most important determinant of patient morbidity","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1111/1755-5922.12168","pubmedId":"26667157","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/1755-5922.12168","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:34.564Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"59df7b31-c9ad-4c8c-a515-13b898bbedf7","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Central effects of humanin on hepatic triglyceride secretion.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26058861/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Central effects of humanin on hepatic triglyceride secretion.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is an endogenous mitochondria-associated peptide that has been shown to protect against various Alzheimer's disease-associated insults, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and reactive oxygen species-induced cell death. We have shown previously that HN improves whole body glucose homeostasis by improving insulin sensitivity and increasing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00043.2015","pubmedId":"26058861","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00043.2015","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:34.639Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"f71042ad-e3ad-443c-8948-5ce245f37ce2","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Structure of three Humanin peptides with different activities upon interaction with liposome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21215775/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Structure of three Humanin peptides with different activities upon interaction with liposome.\" Abstract excerpt: We have recently shown that a 24 amino acid Humanin (HN) adopts an anti-parallel &#x3b2;-sheet structure in the presence of a negatively charged 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol (DOPG) and suggested a possibility that it interacts with lipid membranes and thereby exerts neuroprotective effects through the target cell surface receptors or the intracellular signaling molecules following mem","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.12.017","pubmedId":"21215775","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.12.017","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:34.712Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"20ba7c1f-6407-427c-95d2-6bd2d84c8fe3","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"[Effect of [Gly14]-Humanin on Abeta(25-35)-induced PC12 cell apoptosis].","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20423647/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"[Effect of [Gly14]-Humanin on Abeta(25-35)-induced PC12 cell apoptosis].\" Abstract excerpt: To investigate the effect of [Gly14]-Humanin overexpression on Abeta(25-35);-induced PC12 cell apoptosis. Recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1(-)/HNG-FLAG was transfected into PC12 cells by liposome method. The subclone cell lines were obtained by persistent G418 selection. The HNG gene expression of PC12 cells was detected by immunocytochemistry. After being treated with 25 micromol/L Abeta(25-35); for 2","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"20423647","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:20423647","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:34.787Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"f3de6079-7f9f-4529-9e00-3505635a2537","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Evaluation of Serum Humanin and MOTS-c Peptide Levels in Patients with COVID-19 and Healthy Subjects.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36799414/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Evaluation of Serum Humanin and MOTS-c Peptide Levels in Patients with COVID-19 and Healthy Subjects.\" Abstract excerpt: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a life-threatening and persistent pandemic with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Although a dysfunction in the mitochondria occurs in COVID-19 pathogenesis, the contribution of mitochondrial-derived peptides to its pathophysiology has not yet been completely elucidated. The goals of this research were to assess the circulating humanin and mitochondrial ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.2174/1389203724666230217101202","pubmedId":"36799414","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2174/1389203724666230217101202","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:34.860Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"dbdb90b1-b37c-41df-9a1d-b6a59bc24643","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"The effect of sex on humanin levels in healthy adults and patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes mellitus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25615723/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"The effect of sex on humanin levels in healthy adults and patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes mellitus.\" Abstract excerpt: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with a loss of renal and vascular protection in women compared with men, but the responsible mechanisms are unclear. Recent experimental work implicated humanin (HN) as a novel cytoprotective hormone in DM. Our goal was to measure sex-related differences in HN levels in uncomplicated type 1 DM patients (T1D) and healthy controls (HC), as well as the interaction","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1139/cjpp-2014-0401","pubmedId":"25615723","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1139/cjpp-2014-0401","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:34.935Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"1ac0f49f-776b-475d-806d-40eed6b12034","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Antiapoptotic factor humanin is expressed in normal and tumoral pituitary cells and protects them from TNF-α-induced apoptosis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25360890/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Antiapoptotic factor humanin is expressed in normal and tumoral pituitary cells and protects them from TNF-α-induced apoptosis.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is a 24-amino acid peptide with cytoprotective action in several cell types such as neurons and testicular germ cells. Rattin (HNr), a homologous peptide of HN expressed in several adult rat tissues, also has antiapoptotic action. In the present work, we demonstrated by immunocytochemical analysis and flow cytometry the expression of HNr in the anterior pituitary of female and male ad","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0111548","pubmedId":"25360890","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111548","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:35.008Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"92d58a30-00af-422e-bc79-c5340f0ff053","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF HUMANIN-G IN HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK IN FEMALE MICE VIA AMPKα1-INDEPENDENT MECHANISMS.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37079467/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF HUMANIN-G IN HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK IN FEMALE MICE VIA AMPKα1-INDEPENDENT MECHANISMS.\" Abstract excerpt: Introduction: Despite therapeutic advances in hemorrhagic shock, mortality from multiple organ failure remains high. We previously showed that the &#x3b1;1 subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a crucial regulator of mitochondrial function, exerts a protective role in hemorrhagic shock. Humanin is a mitochondrial peptide with cytoprotective properties against cellular stress. Here, we in","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1097/shk.0000000000002134","pubmedId":"37079467","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/shk.0000000000002134","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:35.084Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"27dee058-df2f-41f3-b10f-aa8f02c7c33f","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Mitochondrial Peptide Humanin Protects Silver Nanoparticles-Induced Neurotoxicity in Human Neuroblastoma Cancer Cells (SH-SY5Y).","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31505887/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Mitochondrial Peptide Humanin Protects Silver Nanoparticles-Induced Neurotoxicity in Human Neuroblastoma Cancer Cells (SH-SY5Y).\" Abstract excerpt: The extensive usage of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as medical products such as antimicrobial and anticancer agents has raised concerns about their harmful effects on human beings. AgNPs can potentially induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in cells. However, humanin (HN) is a small secreted peptide that has cytoprotective and neuroprotective cellular effects. The aim of this study was to assess t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.3390/ijms20184439","pubmedId":"31505887","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/ijms20184439","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:35.158Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"9e4038e9-ce61-4c6b-8fdb-f542ce05a523","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Protective effects of humanin on okadaic Acid-induced neurotoxicities in cultured cortical neurons.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25142935/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Protective effects of humanin on okadaic Acid-induced neurotoxicities in cultured cortical neurons.\" Abstract excerpt: Neurofibrillary tangles are pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which are mostly composed of hyperphosphorylated tau and directly correlate with dementia in AD patients. Okadaic acid (OA), a toxin extracted from marine life, can specifically inhibit protein phosphatases (PPs), including PP1 and Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), resulting in tau hyperphosphorylation. Humanin (HN), a pe","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1007/s11064-014-1410-3","pubmedId":"25142935","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s11064-014-1410-3","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:35.230Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"f635454f-dd83-476a-9b99-a47f743a755c","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Prolyl endopeptidase cleaves the apoptosis rescue peptide humanin and exhibits an unknown post-cysteine cleavage specificity.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16700513/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Prolyl endopeptidase cleaves the apoptosis rescue peptide humanin and exhibits an unknown post-cysteine cleavage specificity.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1007/0-387-32824-6_11","pubmedId":"16700513","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/0-387-32824-6_11","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:42.403Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"182b16e6-5c79-4cbb-a071-99526fb45b4c","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Anti-apoptotic factor humanin is expressed in the testis and prevents cell-death in leydig cells during the first wave of spermatogenesis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16619233/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Anti-apoptotic factor humanin is expressed in the testis and prevents cell-death in leydig cells during the first wave of spermatogenesis.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is a 24 amino acids peptide with potent neuro-survival properties that protects against damage associated with Alzheimer's disease. In the present report, we have demonstrated by immunohistochemical analysis and Western blotting the pattern of expression of rat humanin (HNr) in the testis of 10- to 60-day-old rats. The Leydig cells of 10- and 40- day-old rats expressed this peptide at","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1002/jcp.20672","pubmedId":"16619233","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/jcp.20672","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:35.303Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"53fee145-a86f-44f4-a9e4-63ca16d429a4","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Solution structure of humanin, a peptide against Alzheimer's disease-related neurotoxicity.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15721287/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Solution structure of humanin, a peptide against Alzheimer's disease-related neurotoxicity.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin is a newly identified 24-residue peptide that suppresses neuronal cell death caused by a wide spectrum of familial Alzheimer's disease genes and the beta-amyloid peptide. In this study, NMR and circular dichroism studies of synthetic humanin in aqueous and 30% 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) solutions are reported. In aqueous solution, humanin exists predominantly in an unstructured conformat","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.01.100","pubmedId":"15721287","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.01.100","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:35.380Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"01d25137-8843-491d-ab1e-06d7d6ae2c9c","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Cytoprotective role of humanin in lens epithelial cell oxidative stress‑induced injury.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32627019/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Cytoprotective role of humanin in lens epithelial cell oxidative stress‑induced injury.\" Abstract excerpt: Oxidative stress-induced injury and apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) are early events in the development of age&#x2011;related cataracts (ARCs). Humanin (HN) is a mitochondrial&#x2011;related peptide that serves a cytoprotective role in various cell types and animal models. Following HN knockdown or overexpression, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.3892/mmr.2020.11202","pubmedId":"32627019","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3892/mmr.2020.11202","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:35.814Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"addb5e75-45ce-4e35-891e-c5e6f1cb24c6","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Protective effects of Humanin and calmodulin-like skin protein in Alzheimer's disease and broad range of abnormalities.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24969584/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Protective effects of Humanin and calmodulin-like skin protein in Alzheimer's disease and broad range of abnormalities.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin is a 24-amino acid, secreted bioactive peptide that prevents various types of cell death and improves some types of cell dysfunction. Humanin inhibits neuronal cell death that is caused by a familial Alzheimer's disease (AD)-linked gene via binding to the heterotrimeric Humanin receptor (htHNR). This suggests that Humanin may play a protective role in AD-related pathogenesis. Calmodulin-li","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1007/s12035-014-8799-1","pubmedId":"24969584","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s12035-014-8799-1","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:35.454Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"f04781b8-5f3c-4a6f-b8eb-bff7decd063f","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Immunolocalization of humanin in human sperm and testis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20542501/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Immunolocalization of humanin in human sperm and testis.\" Abstract excerpt: We have discovered, by immunocytochemistry and immunoelectronmicroscopy, that humanin (HN) is expressed in human ejaculated sperm and testis. In sperm, the HN immunolabeling pattern depends on sperm morphology; in particular, HN is mainly localized in the midpiece of sperm in semen samples with normal morphology and in cytoplasmic residues and entire tail in those with abnormal morphology. We also","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.04.075","pubmedId":"20542501","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.04.075","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:35.526Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"d787ce75-bd82-4fcf-bcca-6abf99650ce8","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Unbalanced circulating Humanin levels and cardiovascular risk in chronic hemodialysis patients: a pilot, prospective study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39102184/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Unbalanced circulating Humanin levels and cardiovascular risk in chronic hemodialysis patients: a pilot, prospective study.\" Abstract excerpt: Mortality and cardiovascular (CV) risk prediction in individuals with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) on chronic hemodialysis (HD) remains challenging due to the multitude of implicated factors. In a multicenter ESKD-HD cohort, we tested the prognostic yield of the assessment of&#xa0;circulating Humanin, a small mitochondrial-derived peptide involved in CV protection, on CV events and mortality. W","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1007/s40620-024-02032-4","pubmedId":"39102184","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s40620-024-02032-4","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:35.599Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"e040892e-85e9-4b92-8d11-cb994f0133c7","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Impaired Expression of Humanin during Adrenocortical Carcinoma.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38256114/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Impaired Expression of Humanin during Adrenocortical Carcinoma.\" Abstract excerpt: The discovery of mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs) has provided a new perspective on mitochondrial function. MDPs encoded by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can act as hormone-like peptides, influencing cell survival and proliferation. Among these peptides, humanin has been identified as a crucial factor for maintaining cell survival and preventing cell death under various conditions. Adrenocortical ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.3390/ijms25021038","pubmedId":"38256114","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/ijms25021038","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:35.671Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"598a5c2b-dfd6-4f2b-917a-d56d861f288e","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Age-related Changes in Humanin Expression in the Ovarian Tissue of Rat.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37115400/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Age-related Changes in Humanin Expression in the Ovarian Tissue of Rat.\" Abstract excerpt: This study examined humanin expression in rat ovarian tissue, its cellular localization, and its correlation with rat age under physiological conditions. A total of 40 Sprague-Dawley rats of various ages (2, 12, 30, and 60 days old and 1 year old) were grouped by age. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical techniques were used to observe humanin expression and cellular location in the ovarian ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1007/s11596-023-2732-7","pubmedId":"37115400","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s11596-023-2732-7","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:35.742Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"69a27562-fdbf-47a8-a821-e2438cf291ca","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Cytoprotective Peptide Humanin Binds and Inhibits Proapoptotic Bcl-2/Bax Family Protein BimEL","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m413062200","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Cytoprotective Peptide Humanin Binds and Inhibits Proapoptotic Bcl-2/Bax Family Protein BimEL\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is a recently identified endogenous peptide that protects cells against cytotoxicity induced by various stimuli. Recently, we showed that HN binds to and inhibits Bax, a proapoptotic Bcl-2 family protein, suggesting a mechanism for HN action. In this study, we identified Bim, a Bcl-2 homology 3-only member of the Bcl-2/Bax family, as an additional HN target protein. Using in vitro pro","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1074/jbc.m413062200","pubmedId":"15661735","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1074/jbc.m413062200","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:35.886Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"e25b0569-c766-437d-b611-f83ce83f6c48","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Diagnostic relevance of Humanin, GAS5 and miR-21/miR-103 in prostate disease risk stratification.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40768089/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Diagnostic relevance of Humanin, GAS5 and miR-21/miR-103 in prostate disease risk stratification.\" Abstract excerpt: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic significance of circulating mitochondrial-derived peptides, Humanin and MOTS-c, the long non-coding RNA GAS5, and exosomal microRNAs miR-21 and miR-103 in stratifying prostate diseases, including benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), precancerous lesions (PL), and prostate cancer (PCa). These biomarkers were selected based on their established roles in cel","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s10238-025-01810-z","pubmedId":"40768089","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s10238-025-01810-z","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:35.958Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"0eb54ab4-a95e-4918-8b19-4e69d83fa834","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Protective Mechanism of Humanin Against Oxidative Stress in Aging-Related Cardiovascular Diseases.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34177809/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Protective Mechanism of Humanin Against Oxidative Stress in Aging-Related Cardiovascular Diseases.\" Abstract excerpt: Physiological reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important regulators of intercellular signal transduction. Oxidative and antioxidation systems maintain a dynamic balance under physiological conditions. Increases in ROS levels destroy the dynamic balance, leading to oxidative stress damage. Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of aging-related cardiovascular diseases (ACVD), such as ath","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2021.683151","pubmedId":"34177809","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.683151","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:36.031Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"856138e4-d744-459c-97d1-dae6fa6a9346","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Neuroprotective Peptide humanin inhibits inflammatory response in astrocytes induced by lipopolysaccharide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23277413/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Neuroprotective Peptide humanin inhibits inflammatory response in astrocytes induced by lipopolysaccharide.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) has been proved to be an extensive neuroprotective peptide against AD-related and unrelated insults, but little is know about the effect of HN in inflammation response. Current studies indicated the receptors of HN have a close relationship with immune system, which led us to hypothesize HN might have a role in inflammatory response. In this study, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1007/s11064-012-0951-6","pubmedId":"23277413","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s11064-012-0951-6","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:36.107Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"f2690347-1d9e-4cfb-9d00-46ae1676f544","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Increased expression of humanin peptide in diffuse-type pigmented villonodular synovitis: implication of its mitochondrial abnormality.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15567815/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Increased expression of humanin peptide in diffuse-type pigmented villonodular synovitis: implication of its mitochondrial abnormality.\" Abstract excerpt: To define the pathogenesis of pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS), by searching for highly expressed genes in primary synovial cells from patients with PVNS. A combination of subtraction cloning and Southern colony hybridisation was used to detect highly expressed genes in PVNS in comparison with rheumatoid synovial cells. Northern hybridisation was performed to confirm the differential expres","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1136/ard.2004.025445","pubmedId":"15567815","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1136/ard.2004.025445","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:36.255Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"080018d3-8f74-42f8-9436-7f58d12c412b","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"The neurosurvival factor Humanin inhibits beta-cell apoptosis via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation and delays and ameliorates diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19800083/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"The neurosurvival factor Humanin inhibits beta-cell apoptosis via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation and delays and ameliorates diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis is important in the pathogenesis and potential treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. We investigated whether Humanin, a recently described survival factor for neurons, could improve the survival of beta-cells and delay or treat diabetes in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) model. Humanin reduced apoptosis induced by serum starvation in NIT-1 cells and decreased apoptosis ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1016/j.metabol.2009.08.001","pubmedId":"19800083","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2009.08.001","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:36.327Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"e0e88662-45b3-434c-b3da-07d405c8bd53","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Cardio-protective role of Humanin in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34896254/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Cardio-protective role of Humanin in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion.\" Abstract excerpt: Mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs) are bioactive peptides encoded by and secreted from the mitochondria. To date, a few MDPs including humanin, MOTS-c and SHLP1-6, and their diverse biological functions have been identified. The first and most studied MDP is humanin, a 24-amino-acid poly peptide. It was first identified in 2001 in the surviving neurons of patient with Alzheimer's disease, and si","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130066","pubmedId":"34896254","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130066","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:36.399Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"5631b9c0-adbb-4162-9ccf-6a239e9220aa","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"The Mitochondrial Peptide Humanin Targets but Does Not Denature Amyloid Oligomers in Type II Diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31456396/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"The Mitochondrial Peptide Humanin Targets but Does Not Denature Amyloid Oligomers in Type II Diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Mitochondrially derived peptides (MDPs) such as humanin (HN) have shown a remarkable ability to modulate neurological amyloids and apoptosis-associated proteins in cells and animal models. Recently, we found that humanin-like peptides also inhibit amyloid formation outside of neural environments in islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) fibrils and plaques, which are hallmarks of Type II diabetes. Howev","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1021/jacs.9b04995","pubmedId":"31456396","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1021/jacs.9b04995","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:36.479Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"6997179a-6b2d-413b-b533-e893e441bfa6","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"[The level of circulating humanin in patients with ischemic heart disease.]","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30726649/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"[The level of circulating humanin in patients with ischemic heart disease.]\" Abstract excerpt: At present, great interest is caused with evaluation of new markers in blood circulation for the estimation a tissue oxidative metabolism disturbance due to the presence of secondary mitochondrial dysfunction in patients with coronary heart disease. &#x421;oronary heart disease is generally accompanied with a decline in mitochondrial respiration and represents the root cause of metabolic abnormali","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.18821/0869-2084-2018-63-8-466-470","pubmedId":"30726649","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.18821/0869-2084-2018-63-8-466-470","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:36.551Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"eff78bdd-2cae-4f64-804d-246f723362a8","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Neuroprotective effect of humanin on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury is mediated by a PI3K/Akt pathway","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2008.06.018","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Neuroprotective effect of humanin on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury is mediated by a PI3K/Akt pathway\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is an anti-apoptotic peptide that suppresses neuronal cell death induced by Alzheimer's disease, prion protein fragments, and serum deprivation. Recently, we demonstrated that Gly14-HN (HNG), a variant of HN in which the 14th amino acid serine is replaced with glycine, can decrease apoptotic neuronal death and reduce infarct volume in a focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion mouse model.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2008.06.018","pubmedId":"18590709","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.06.018","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:36.626Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"aa7d2bd0-3a54-4167-848d-1678be3275c5","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"A novel beneficial role of humanin on intestinal apoptosis and dysmotility in a rat model of ischemia reperfusion injury.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37020079/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"A novel beneficial role of humanin on intestinal apoptosis and dysmotility in a rat model of ischemia reperfusion injury.\" Abstract excerpt: A prevalent clinical problem including sepsis, shock, necrotizing enterocolitis, and mesenteric thrombosis is intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Humanin (HN), a recently identified mitochondrial polypeptide, exhibits antioxidative and antiapoptotic properties. This work aimed to study the role of HN in a model of experimental intestinal I/R injury and its effect on associated dysmotilit","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1007/s00424-023-02804-0","pubmedId":"37020079","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00424-023-02804-0","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:36.699Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"ac9a478e-769f-444f-83e4-27032ba5d4e2","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Effectiveness of analog of Humanin in ameliorating streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in Sprague Dawley rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37119975/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Effectiveness of analog of Humanin in ameliorating streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in Sprague Dawley rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Diabetes mellitus&#xa0;(DM) is associated with numerous complications, including nephropathy, which principally occur due to hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. Humanin&#xa0;(HN), a novel peptide generated from mitochondria, has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory potential as observed in different disease models. However, role of HN in diabetic nephropathy (DN) has not yet bee","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171014","pubmedId":"37119975","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171014","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:36.775Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"ab15902a-e153-4aed-ab2d-3bd955c6a0b0","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Exploring the potential of humanin as a biomarker for early breast cancer detection: a study of serum levels and diagnostic performance.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37552125/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Exploring the potential of humanin as a biomarker for early breast cancer detection: a study of serum levels and diagnostic performance.\" Abstract excerpt: Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide, and early detection is crucial for effective treatment. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to cancer development and progression. Humanin, a mitochondrial-derived peptide, has been shown to have cytoprotective effects and may be involved in breast cancer development. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential of ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1080/1354750x.2023.2246700","pubmedId":"37552125","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/1354750x.2023.2246700","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:36.850Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"0eb88c41-3f5a-4213-b3cb-61cf981e6f5f","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Pseudogenization of the <i>Humanin</i> gene is common in the mitochondrial DNA of many vertebrates.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28825450/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Pseudogenization of the <i>Humanin</i> gene is common in the mitochondrial DNA of many vertebrates.\" Abstract excerpt: In the human the peptide Humanin is produced from the small Humanin gene which is embedded as a gene-within-a-gene in the 16S ribosomal molecule of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The peptide itself appears to be significant in the prevention of cell death in many tissues and improve cognition in animal models. By using simple data mining techniques, it is possible to show that 99.4% of the human H","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2017.049","pubmedId":"28825450","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2017.049","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:36.923Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"3d7b3815-fd46-41d2-b7a0-b5e469b05569","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"The cytoprotective peptide humanin is induced and neutralizes Bax after pro-apoptotic stress in the rat testis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23686888/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"The cytoprotective peptide humanin is induced and neutralizes Bax after pro-apoptotic stress in the rat testis.\" Abstract excerpt: We have previously demonstrated that the mitochondria-derived cytoprotective peptide humanin (HN), when administered intratesticularly to rats, rescues germ cells from apoptosis secondary to testicular stress of hormonal deprivation induced by gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-A). To decipher the cellular mechanisms of HN action in the amelioration of GnRH-A-induced germ cell apoptos","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00091.x","pubmedId":"23686888","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00091.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:36.999Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"993fab4e-00d0-423a-a0c4-230529f76aa1","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"The biological activity of Humanin analogs correlates with structure stabilities in solution.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21510972/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"The biological activity of Humanin analogs correlates with structure stabilities in solution.\" Abstract excerpt: A single mutation has resulted in large differences in neuroprotective activity of a 24 amino acid Humanin (HN). A mutation of Ser7Ala (S7A-HN) resulted in loss of activity, while a mutation of Ser14Gly (S14G-HN) resulted in about 1000-fold increase. The mechanism of the effects conferred by these mutations have been totally unclear, although our recent structure analysis suggested a possibility o","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.04.003","pubmedId":"21510972","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.04.003","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:37.075Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"00aec8a7-2e1c-475d-b71b-ed97cf09dd3d","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"The neuroprotective role of Humanin in Alzheimer's disease: The molecular effects.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40090538/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"The neuroprotective role of Humanin in Alzheimer's disease: The molecular effects.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is an endogenous micropeptide also known as a mitochondria-derived peptide. It has a neuroprotective effect against Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases by improving hippocampal acetylcholine and attenuating the development of oxidative stress and associated neurotoxicity. HN protects the neuron from the toxic effects of amyloid beta (A&#x3b2;). HN is regarded","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.ejphar.2025.177510","pubmedId":"40090538","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2025.177510","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:37.150Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"f934c31a-5cb6-4e56-93ae-33fc00a9f540","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Cytoprotective role of S14G-humanin (HNG) in ultraviolet-B induced epidermal stem cells injury.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30508736/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Cytoprotective role of S14G-humanin (HNG) in ultraviolet-B induced epidermal stem cells injury.\" Abstract excerpt: Skin provides the protective barrier for our body and undergoes the continuous regeneration in order to overcome damage from exposure to harmful environments and wounds. Epidermal stem cells (ESCs) play critical roles in skin regeneration. Humanin analogue, S14G-humanin (HNG), a prominent member of a newly discovered family of mitochondrial-derived peptides, has been shown to be a cytoprotective d","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.059","pubmedId":"30508736","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Gly(14)-Humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.059","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:37.235Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"3c27f939-9274-4618-8716-ea8ab40d9022","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"A novel rat gene encoding a Humanin-like peptide endowed with broad neuroprotective activity.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12154011/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"A novel rat gene encoding a Humanin-like peptide endowed with broad neuroprotective activity.\" Abstract excerpt: We report the identification of a novel rat cDNA encoding a peptide homologous to Humanin, a secreted peptide that specifically protects against neuronal cell death induced by beta-amyloid peptide (Ab) or by mutations causing early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease. The rat gene, which we termed Rattin, encodes a peptide of 38 residues (15 residues longer than Humanin) showing 73% identity in the","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1096/fj.02-0018fje","pubmedId":"12154011","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1096/fj.02-0018fje","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:37.310Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"d33be5cc-d3c2-440a-8286-acb52f168cf0","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Protection effect of [Gly14]-Humanin from apoptosis induced by high glucose in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25451915/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Protection effect of [Gly14]-Humanin from apoptosis induced by high glucose in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is known for its anti-apoptotic functions in neuronal cells. In this study, we sought to investigate the protective effect of [Gly14]-Humanin (HNG) in high glucose (HG)-induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to examine cell viability, DNA chromatin morphology was assessed u","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1016/j.diabres.2014.09.020","pubmedId":"25451915","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2014.09.020","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:37.384Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"6312c375-0b3e-47c5-a89d-50e1db5955e3","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Mitochondrial derived peptide humanin improved semen quality, semen freezability, antioxidant status and in-vitro fertility in crossbred bull.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41634054/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Mitochondrial derived peptide humanin improved semen quality, semen freezability, antioxidant status and in-vitro fertility in crossbred bull.\" Abstract excerpt: The sperm quality, freezability, and fertility of crossbred bulls exhibit significant unpredictability, which consequently impacts the breeding program. The present study documents the supplementation of humanin, a mitochondria-derived peptide, on crossbred bull's sperm quality, freezability, antioxidant status and in-vitro fertility. For this objective a total of 24 ejaculates, 8 from each of the","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-30931-4","pubmedId":"41634054","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41598-025-30931-4","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:37.458Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"e72836d2-5950-44f0-bff4-0d8658317719","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Mitochondrial-derived peptide Humanin protects granulosa cells under oxidative conditions.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42397223/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Mitochondrial-derived peptide Humanin protects granulosa cells under oxidative conditions.\" Abstract excerpt: In brief: Redox imbalance compromises granulosa cell survival and follicle fate. This study identifies the mitochondrial-derived peptide Humanin (HN) as a cytoprotective factor that protects granulosa cells under oxidative condItions. Abstract: Granulosa cell function is essential for proper ovarian physiology. Redox imbalance compromises granulosa cell survival, thereby impacting follicle fate wi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1093/reprod/xaag082","pubmedId":"42397223","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/reprod/xaag082","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:37.535Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"41d1341a-2d9c-46a8-a595-29705bc54c44","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Protective effects of chronic humanin treatment in mice with diabetic encephalopathy: A focus on oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37467966/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Protective effects of chronic humanin treatment in mice with diabetic encephalopathy: A focus on oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.\" Abstract excerpt: Diabetes is known to cause cognitive impairments through various mechanisms, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Humanin (HN) has been shown to have protective effects on cognitive impairments induced by factors such as A&#x3b2;, muscarinic receptor antagonists, and aging in rodents. However, the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of HN in the prefrontal cortex and h","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114584","pubmedId":"37467966","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114584","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:37.606Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"76983659-129b-48d1-9994-0d28b5783ad6","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Mitochondrial-derived peptide humanin as therapeutic target in cancer and degenerative diseases.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30582721/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Mitochondrial-derived peptide humanin as therapeutic target in cancer and degenerative diseases.\" Abstract excerpt: Mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) are encoded within the mitochondrial genome. They signal within the cell or are released to act as autocrine/paracrine/endocrine cytoprotective factors playing a key role in the cellular stress response. The first reported and better characterized MDP is humanin (HN), which exerts robust protective effects against a myriad of cytotoxic stimuli in many cell typ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1080/14728222.2019.1559300","pubmedId":"30582721","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/14728222.2019.1559300","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:37.678Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"4f72ee6d-9d15-4445-ad6c-3972ecbb12e9","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Protective effects of [Gly14]-Humanin on beta-amyloid-induced PC12 cell death by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19941922/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Protective effects of [Gly14]-Humanin on beta-amyloid-induced PC12 cell death by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction.\" Abstract excerpt: Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of beta-amyloid (Abeta)-induced neuronal toxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and is considered as an early event in AD pathology. Humanin (HN) and its derivative, [Gly14]-Humanin (HNG), are known for their ability to suppress neuronal death induced by AD-related insults in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1016/j.neuint.2009.11.015","pubmedId":"19941922","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2009.11.015","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:37.807Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"288a0a5a-c4f9-474b-9064-8457933b3efd","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"The protective effects of S14G-humanin on gestational diabetes mellitus symptoms.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35536048/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"The protective effects of S14G-humanin on gestational diabetes mellitus symptoms.\" Abstract excerpt: Gestational diabetes mellitus is a frequently diagnosed glucose metabolic disorder during pregnancy. Diabetes mellitus has been found to pose important health risks to the developing fetus, mother, and offspring. Here, we investigated the protective effects of S14G-humanin, a potent humanin analogue, against maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes in mice with diabetes mellitus. The results show th","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1080/09513590.2022.2073348","pubmedId":"35536048","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Gly(14)-Humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/09513590.2022.2073348","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:37.882Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"92650fb2-8b1c-4a3a-ba27-8bec8d4523d2","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"The protective effects of S14G-humanin (HNG) against mono-sodium urate (MSU) crystals- induced gouty arthritis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34965184/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"The protective effects of S14G-humanin (HNG) against mono-sodium urate (MSU) crystals- induced gouty arthritis.\" Abstract excerpt: Gout is a common and complex form of arthritis that has brought great inconveniences to the normal lives of patients. It is reported that oxidative stress and nod-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated inflammatory reactions are involved in the pathogenesis of gout arthritis. S14G-humanin (S14G-HNG) is a modified peptide of HNG with higher inhibitory activity on the accumulat","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1080/21655979.2021.2001911","pubmedId":"34965184","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Gly(14)-Humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/21655979.2021.2001911","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:37.954Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"c7734238-ca60-4cf1-86cf-5dd00cc9618d","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"The protective effects of S14G-humanin (HNG) against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced cardiac dysfunction.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34506248/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"The protective effects of S14G-humanin (HNG) against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced cardiac dysfunction.\" Abstract excerpt: Excessive oxidative stress, inflammation, and myocardial hypertrophy have been associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). S14G-humanin (HNG) is a potent humanin analogue that has demonstrated cytoprotective effects in a variety of cells and tissues. However, the pharmacological function of HNG in diabetic cardiomyopathy has not yet been reported. In the present study, we investigated the prote","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1080/21655979.2021.1964894","pubmedId":"34506248","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Gly(14)-Humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/21655979.2021.1964894","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:38.028Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"3eb1e54d-dee2-4381-bce3-bde261c4f4a3","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Solution structure of Ser14Gly-humanin, a potent rescue factor against neuronal cell death in Alzheimer's disease.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16945331/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Solution structure of Ser14Gly-humanin, a potent rescue factor against neuronal cell death in Alzheimer's disease.\" Abstract excerpt: The NMR solution study of Ser14Gly-humanin (S14G-HN), a 1000-fold more potent derivative of humanin (HN), is reported. HN is 24-residue peptide that selectively suppresses neuronal cell death caused by Alzheimer's disease (AD)-specific insults and offers hope for the development of a cure against AD. In aqueous solution the NMR data show that S14G-HN is a flexible peptide with turn-like structures","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.08.087","pubmedId":"16945331","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.08.087","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:38.102Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"782f02fd-5ea2-4300-9570-044220b73754","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"The protective effects of S14G-humanin (HNG) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced inflammatory response in human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) mediated by the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34605740/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"The protective effects of S14G-humanin (HNG) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced inflammatory response in human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) mediated by the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway.\" Abstract excerpt: Pulpitis is reported in large populations of patients and significantly impacts their normal life quality. It is reported that the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in Gram-negative bacteria induces severe inflammation in dental pulp tissues. S14G-humanin is a derivative of humanin and has been recently confirmed to possess promising anti-inflammatory properties. The current study aims to explore the possi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1080/21655979.2021.1979914","pubmedId":"34605740","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Gly(14)-Humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/21655979.2021.1979914","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:38.175Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"67dbd4b7-74c5-4f52-8400-8f22d1091f91","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Ameliorative effects of Gly[14]-humanin on cyclophosphamide-induced premature ovarian insufficiency and underlying mechanisms.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40639309/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Ameliorative effects of Gly[14]-humanin on cyclophosphamide-induced premature ovarian insufficiency and underlying mechanisms.\" Abstract excerpt: Can Gly[14]-humanin (HNG) improve cyclophosphamide-induced premature ovarian insufficiency (POI)? A POI model was induced in female rats by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide, followed by treatment with an intraperitoneal injection of HNG. Ovarian weight, ovarian index, regularity of the oestrous cycle, numbers of various types of follicle, hormone concentrations, and expression of the ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.rbmo.2025.104901","pubmedId":"40639309","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2025.104901","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:38.251Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"9b40ff4b-d71a-4ec8-afe3-9c58b20262b3","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"A Small Molecule Mimetic of the Humanin Peptide as a Candidate for Modulating NMDA-Induced Neurotoxicity.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29161500/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"A Small Molecule Mimetic of the Humanin Peptide as a Candidate for Modulating NMDA-Induced Neurotoxicity.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN), a 24-amino acid bioactive peptide, has been shown to increase cell survival of neurons after exposure to A&#x3b2; and NMDA-induced toxicity and thus could be beneficial in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The neuroprotection by HN is reported to be primarily through its agonist binding properties to the gp130 receptor. However, the peptidic nature of HN presents challenges ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00350","pubmedId":"29161500","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00350","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:38.323Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"997f5374-7f54-4357-bf1d-903c2189ab33","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Increased oligodendrogenesis by humanin promotes axonal remyelination and neurological recovery in hypoxic/ischemic brains.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25139533/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Increased oligodendrogenesis by humanin promotes axonal remyelination and neurological recovery in hypoxic/ischemic brains.\" Abstract excerpt: Oligodendrocytes are the predominant cell type in white matter and are highly vulnerable to ischemic injury. The role of oligodendrocyte dysfunction in ischemic brain injury is unknown. In this study, we used a 24-amino acid peptide S14G-Humanin (HNG) to examine oligodendrogenesis and neurological functional recovery in a hypoxic/ischemic (H/I) neonatal model. Intraperitoneal HNG pre-treatment dec","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1002/hipo.22350","pubmedId":"25139533","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/hipo.22350","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:38.471Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"cb00fe82-19d3-40cd-b4f1-8fc1448210ca","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"The Mitochondria-Derived Peptide Humanin Improves Recovery from Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Implication of Mitochondria Transfer and Microglia Phenotype Change.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31980585/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"The Mitochondria-Derived Peptide Humanin Improves Recovery from Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Implication of Mitochondria Transfer and Microglia Phenotype Change.\" Abstract excerpt: Astrocytes are an integral component of the neurovascular unit where they act as homeostatic regulators, especially after brain injuries, such as stroke. One process by which astrocytes modulate homeostasis is the release of functional mitochondria (Mt) that are taken up by other cells to improve their function. However, the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect of Mt transfer are unclear an","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.2212-19.2020","pubmedId":"31980585","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2212-19.2020","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:38.543Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"f56eff7f-4699-4402-ab46-cf0f20759750","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Interaction of amyloid beta with humanin and acetylcholinesterase is modulated by ATP.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33145964/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Interaction of amyloid beta with humanin and acetylcholinesterase is modulated by ATP.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is known to bind amyloid beta (A&#x3b2;)-inducing cytoprotective effects, while binding of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to A&#x3b2; increases its aggregation and cytotoxicity. Previously, we showed that binding of HN to A&#x3b2; blocks aggregation induced by AChE and that HN decreases but does not abolish A&#x3b2;-AChE interactions in A549 cell media. Here, we set out to shed light on ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1002/2211-5463.13023","pubmedId":"33145964","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/2211-5463.13023","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:38.632Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"005437a3-ee4d-437f-90fc-807d8992bfb6","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"The mitochondrial derived peptide humanin is a regulator of lifespan and healthspan.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32575074/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"The mitochondrial derived peptide humanin is a regulator of lifespan and healthspan.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin is a member of a new family of peptides that are encoded by short open reading frames within the mitochondrial genome. It is conserved in animals and is both neuroprotective and cytoprotective. Here we report that in C. elegans the overexpression of humanin is sufficient to increase lifespan, dependent on daf-16/Foxo . Humanin transgenic mice have many phenotypes that overlap with the worm","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.18632/aging.103534","pubmedId":"32575074","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.18632/aging.103534","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:38.708Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"72137722-beca-46d4-b4e9-09347060820e","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"A Review on the Potential Role of Humanin Peptide and its Analogs in the Regulation of Autophagy Pathways for Therapeutic Application in Metabolic Disorders.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39950467/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"A Review on the Potential Role of Humanin Peptide and its Analogs in the Regulation of Autophagy Pathways for Therapeutic Application in Metabolic Disorders.\" Abstract excerpt: Autophagy is a self-eating cellular process in which the cell breaks down worn-out organelles, damaged/defective proteins, and toxins. Impaired autophagy is a significant factor in the development of various metabolic disorders, along with oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction. These disorders pose a significant health and economic burden on the global","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.2174/0109298665363711250112050930","pubmedId":"39950467","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2174/0109298665363711250112050930","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:38.783Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"84f5937e-3d7d-4808-97ad-f6778c4cf4b9","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Stability Determination of Intact Humanin-G with Characterizations of Oxidation and Dimerization Patterns.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36979450/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Stability Determination of Intact Humanin-G with Characterizations of Oxidation and Dimerization Patterns.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin is the first identified mitochondrial-derived peptide. Humanin-G (HNG) is a variant of Humanin that has significantly higher cytoprotective properties. Here, we describe the stability features of HNG in different conditions and characterize HNG degradation, oxidation, and dimerization patterns over short-term and long-term periods. HNG solutions were prepared in high-performance liquid chr","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3390/biom13030515","pubmedId":"36979450","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/biom13030515","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:38.858Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"98d51746-415a-46e0-91b2-3f3e65ef67de","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"The Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide Humanin Protects RPE Cells From Oxidative Stress, Senescence, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26990160/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"The Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide Humanin Protects RPE Cells From Oxidative Stress, Senescence, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction.\" Abstract excerpt: To investigate the expression of humanin (HN) in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells and its effect on oxidative stress-induced cell death, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and senescence. Humanin localization in RPE cells and polarized RPE monolayers was assessed by confocal microscopy. Human RPE cells were treated with 150 &#x3bc;M tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (tBH) in the absence/presence of ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1167/iovs.15-17053","pubmedId":"26990160","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1167/iovs.15-17053","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:38.931Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"e52ad9e9-6da2-4a5d-bbb5-8b46ec20af98","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"The mitochondrial-derived peptide humanin activates the ERK1/2, AKT, and STAT3 signaling pathways and has age-dependent signaling differences in the hippocampus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27384491/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"The mitochondrial-derived peptide humanin activates the ERK1/2, AKT, and STAT3 signaling pathways and has age-dependent signaling differences in the hippocampus.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin is a small secreted peptide that is encoded in the mitochondrial genome. Humanin and its analogues have a protective role in multiple age-related diseases including type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease, through cytoprotective and neuroprotective effects both in vitro and in vivo. However, the humanin-mediated signaling pathways are not well understood. In this paper, we demonstrate that","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.18632/oncotarget.10380","pubmedId":"27384491","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.18632/oncotarget.10380","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:39.003Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"f7649a71-336e-4d4d-904d-f2c6a745742a","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Synergistic protective effects of humanin and necrostatin-1 on hypoxia and ischemia/reperfusion injury.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20682300/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Synergistic protective effects of humanin and necrostatin-1 on hypoxia and ischemia/reperfusion injury.\" Abstract excerpt: Since several different pathways are involved in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, combination therapy rather than monotherapy may be required for efficient neuroprotection. In this study, we examined the protective effects of an apoptosis inhibitor Gly(14)-humanin (HNG) and a necroptosis inhibitor necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) on hypoxia/ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cultured mouse primary cortical ne","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2010.07.080","pubmedId":"20682300","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.07.080","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:39.079Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"95bc6994-eb96-4b0f-92ae-f568c75d52f1","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Development of a Femtomolar-Acting Humanin Derivative Named Colivelin by Attaching Activity-Dependent Neurotrophic Factor to Its N Terminus: Characterization of Colivelin-Mediated Neuroprotection against Alzheimer's Disease-Relevant InsultsIn VitroandIn Vivo","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3348-05.2005","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Development of a Femtomolar-Acting Humanin Derivative Named Colivelin by Attaching Activity-Dependent Neurotrophic Factor to Its N Terminus: Characterization of Colivelin-Mediated Neuroprotection against Alzheimer's Disease-Relevant InsultsIn VitroandIn Vivo\" Abstract excerpt: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Humanin (HN) is a short bioactive peptide abolishing neuronal cell death induced by various familial AD (FAD)-causative genes and amyloid-beta (Abeta) in vitro. It has been shown that HN suppresses memory impairment of mice induced by intracerebroventricular administration of Abeta. To potentiate the neuroprotective effect of HN, we sy","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.3348-05.2005","pubmedId":"16267233","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3348-05.2005","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:39.152Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"8d4ffebf-2a90-4bef-8a7a-1beac95d0601","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Evidence for in vivo production of Humanin peptide, a neuroprotective factor against Alzheimer's disease-related insults","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00199-4","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Evidence for in vivo production of Humanin peptide, a neuroprotective factor against Alzheimer's disease-related insults\" Abstract excerpt: An unbiased functional screening with brain cDNA library from an Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain identified a novel 24-residue peptide Humanin (HN), which suppresses AD-related neurotoxicity. As the 1567-base cDNA containing the open reading frame (ORF) of HN is 99% identical to mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA as well as registered human mRNA, it was elusive whether HN is produced in vivo. Here, we","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00199-4","pubmedId":"12009529","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00199-4","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:39.229Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"290f4dce-e7c0-4c21-8f50-a3cdcb2c7dcd","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Baculovirus-based gene silencing of Humanin for the treatment of pituitary tumors.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29352443/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Baculovirus-based gene silencing of Humanin for the treatment of pituitary tumors.\" Abstract excerpt: Pituitary tumors are the most common primary intracranial neoplasms. Humanin (HN) and Rattin (HNr), a rat homolog of HN, are short peptides with a cytoprotective action. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate whether endogenous HNr plays an antiapoptotic role in pituitary tumor cells. Thus, we used RNA interference based on short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeted to HNr (shHNr). A plasmid including","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1007/s10495-018-1444-0","pubmedId":"29352443","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s10495-018-1444-0","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:39.307Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"8aa80cf3-63b5-474b-905e-67f6326ecaaf","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Structural and dynamical studies of Humanin in water and TFE/water mixture: a molecular dynamics simulation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18597547/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Structural and dynamical studies of Humanin in water and TFE/water mixture: a molecular dynamics simulation.\" Abstract excerpt: The structural and dynamical properties of Humanin, a small peptide with neuroprotective activity against the insults of the Alzheimer's disease-related genes and the neurotoxic amyloid peptide, are studied in two different environments by molecular dynamics simulation. In this study, we have performed comparative molecular dynamics simulations in the absence and in the presence of TFE. The result","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1080/07391102.2008.10507241","pubmedId":"18597547","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/07391102.2008.10507241","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:39.388Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"58525b9e-d733-482b-b8fa-86188eef2721","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"The complex structure transition of Humanin peptides by sodium dodecylsulfate and trifluoroethanol.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18537742/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"The complex structure transition of Humanin peptides by sodium dodecylsulfate and trifluoroethanol.\" Abstract excerpt: We have examined the structure of two Humanin (HN) analog peptides, HNG and AGA-(C8R)HNG17, in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and trifluoroethanol (TFE) using CD and sedimentation velocity. Both HNG and AGA-(C8R)HNG17 underwent complex conformational changes with increasing concentrations of SDS and TFE, in contrast to general trend of increasing alpha-helix with their concentration. ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.2174/092986608784567555","pubmedId":"18537742","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2174/092986608784567555","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:39.470Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"1231b678-ebf4-48a5-8e1b-c6accb14b37f","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Impact of Radiation Therapy on Serum Humanin and MOTS-c Levels in Patients with Lung or Breast Cancer.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38314601/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Impact of Radiation Therapy on Serum Humanin and MOTS-c Levels in Patients with Lung or Breast Cancer.\" Abstract excerpt: Lung and breast cancer are the most frequent causes of death from cancer globally. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the serum mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-c) and humanin levels in lung or breast cancer patients, and investigate the impacts of radiation therapy on the circulating levels of these peptides. 35 lung cancer patients, 34 breast cancer patients","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.2174/0118744710254730231114181358","pubmedId":"38314601","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2174/0118744710254730231114181358","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:39.549Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"6ef6934c-ad6d-450c-8e1f-82c73a7905eb","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Colivelin, a synthetic derivative of humanin, ameliorates endothelial injury and glycocalyx shedding after sepsis in mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36119052/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Colivelin, a synthetic derivative of humanin, ameliorates endothelial injury and glycocalyx shedding after sepsis in mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Endothelial dysfunction plays a central role in the pathogenesis of sepsis-mediated multiple organ failure. Several clinical and experimental studies have suggested that the glycocalyx is an early target of endothelial injury during an infection. Colivelin, a synthetic derivative of the mitochondrial peptide humanin, has displayed cytoprotective effects in oxidative conditions. In the current stud","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2022.984298","pubmedId":"36119052","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.984298","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:39.628Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"cba9b59e-d0ae-4dc9-b614-8f007ac6f9ba","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"High-yield, solid-phase synthesis of humanin, an Alzheimer's disease associated, novel 24-mer peptide which contains a difficult sequence.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15526712/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"High-yield, solid-phase synthesis of humanin, an Alzheimer's disease associated, novel 24-mer peptide which contains a difficult sequence.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin is a novel, 24-mer residue bioactive peptide, which antagonizes Alzheimer's disease (AD) related neurotoxicity and offers a hope for developing new therapeutics against AD. Access to adequate amounts of pure humanin is a prerequisite for further, thorough, investigation of the pharmacological properties and therapeutic potency of the peptide. Until now, humanin has been obtained mainly by ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1002/psc.572","pubmedId":"15526712","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/psc.572","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:39.708Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"83fa76a0-1a8b-4062-b7a7-aa3e13b811a8","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Altered placental expression of small humanin-like peptides in gestational diabetes mellitus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42453115/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Altered placental expression of small humanin-like peptides in gestational diabetes mellitus.\" Abstract excerpt: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by maternal insulin resistance and hyperglycemia and has been associated with placental mitochondrial alterations. Small humanin-like peptides (SHLP1-6), encoded within the mitochondrial 16S rRNA region, have been described as mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs) with reported cytoprotective and metabolic effects in experimental settings. Howeve","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.48101/ujms.v131.14142","pubmedId":"42453115","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.48101/ujms.v131.14142","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:39.789Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"cef0d53b-169b-4176-bcc6-9f4d744c213f","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Comparison of serum concentrations of humanin in women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29909696/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Comparison of serum concentrations of humanin in women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (MT-RNR2) is an endogenous polypeptide that is involved in many diseases, including T2DM. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as hyperglycemia during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum humanin levels in women with or without GDM and to elucidate possible correlations with anthropometric parameters, metabolic parameters and the incidence of GDM. Eighty-four wo","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1080/09513590.2018.1482869","pubmedId":"29909696","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/09513590.2018.1482869","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:39.864Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"7e2033f0-22c0-45d2-8f56-ec2811753dcd","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"[Recent progress in neuroprotection of humanin against Alzheimer's disease-relevant neurotoxicity].","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17262962/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"[Recent progress in neuroprotection of humanin against Alzheimer's disease-relevant neurotoxicity].\" Abstract excerpt: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia for aging people, and far from control due to its obscure mechanism. Humanin, a 24-aa peptide encoded by a newly identified gene cloned from an apparently normal region of AD brain, can specifically attenuate AD-related neurotoxicity. It protects neurons from insults of various AD genes, anti-APP antibodies and Abeta by forming a homodimer ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"17262962","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:17262962","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:39.939Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"b289924d-6300-408c-bc1d-71c2410cbfc5","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"New role for the mitochondrial peptide humanin: protective agent against chemotherapy-induced side effects.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24586106/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"New role for the mitochondrial peptide humanin: protective agent against chemotherapy-induced side effects.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1093/jnci/dju006","pubmedId":"24586106","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/jnci/dju006","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:40.015Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"83d1abd0-d358-4759-a43b-9bd0959c5efb","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Insights into the Biomarker Potential of Humanin and Mots-c Expression and Telomere Length in Alzheimer's Disease.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41303353/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Insights into the Biomarker Potential of Humanin and Mots-c Expression and Telomere Length in Alzheimer's Disease.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) and MOTS-c are mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) known for their neuroprotective and metabolic functions. Their circulating and tissue levels decline with age and in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to evaluate whether blood and plasma gene expression and plasma protein levels of HN and MOTS-c are associated with AD markers, their role ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3390/ijms262210866","pubmedId":"41303353","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/ijms262210866","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:40.091Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"65edfd09-0a5b-4cfe-a75d-737615a861fa","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Neuroprotective effect of G<sup>14</sup>-humanin on global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion by activation of SOCS3 - STAT3 - MCL-1 signal transduction pathway in rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28720038/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Neuroprotective effect of G<sup>14</sup>-humanin on global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion by activation of SOCS3 - STAT3 - MCL-1 signal transduction pathway in rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) has been identified to suppress neuron death. Gly 14 -HN (HNG), as a variant of HN, can decrease infarct volume after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective mechanism of HNG on global cerebral I/R (GI) in rats. Rats were randomly divided into 13 groups: Sham group, GI groups and HNG groups. Both GI group and HNG groups included six time ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1080/01616412.2017.1352187","pubmedId":"28720038","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Gly(14)-Humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/01616412.2017.1352187","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:40.169Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"0cc1564c-abe8-4815-a323-e7c0acba936f","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Structure changes of natively disordered Humanin in the presence of lipid.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20116397/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Structure changes of natively disordered Humanin in the presence of lipid.\" Abstract excerpt: While neuroprotective activities of Humanin peptides have been clearly demonstrated, the functional mechanism has not been fully understood. Humanin and a majority of Humanin analogs showed a disordered structure at low peptide concentrations and aggregation at higher concentrations in aqueous solution at pH 7.0. Here we have examined the structure in lipid environments, i.e., in the presence of l","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.01.012","pubmedId":"20116397","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.01.012","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:40.244Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"b40a6120-6b2f-4b19-b620-ddbe23fa4cd6","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Mitochondrial-derived peptides MOTS-c and humanin attenuate dexamethasone-induced atrophy in human skeletal muscle cells.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41732124/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Mitochondrial-derived peptides MOTS-c and humanin attenuate dexamethasone-induced atrophy in human skeletal muscle cells.\" Abstract excerpt: Glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone (DEXA), are effective therapeutics but cause severe muscle wasting. Mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) are promising countermeasures, but their effectiveness is largely unexplored. We tested the hypothesis that the MDP S14G-humanin (HNG) and the mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-c) mitigate DEXA-induced atrophy in human skeletal myot","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.14814/phy2.70791","pubmedId":"41732124","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.14814/phy2.70791","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:40.320Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"b8547bac-5734-450c-be70-7f1e03514499","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Detection of Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide Humanin in Semen and Reproductive Tract of Caprine Along With Its Relation to Seasonality.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40838645/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Detection of Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide Humanin in Semen and Reproductive Tract of Caprine Along With Its Relation to Seasonality.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin is the first short peptide in a speculated group of peptides produced by mitochondria that possess potent cytoprotective properties against various forms of stress. Despite being a prevalent peptide in testes and spermatozoa, there has been no report on the identification or quantification of humanin in buck sperm cells or the reproductive tract. This study aimed to establish the presence ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/rda.70113","pubmedId":"40838645","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/rda.70113","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:40.398Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"f6c8cb21-2778-40f7-8606-55ce9c116593","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"High-intensity interval exercise increases humanin, a mitochondrial encoded peptide, in the plasma and muscle of men.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32271093/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"High-intensity interval exercise increases humanin, a mitochondrial encoded peptide, in the plasma and muscle of men.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin is a small regulatory peptide encoded within the 16S ribosomal RNA gene ( MT-RNR2 ) of the mitochondrial genome that has cellular cyto- and metabolo-protective properties similar to that of aerobic exercise training. Here we investigated whether acute high-intensity interval exercise or short-term high-intensity interval training (HIIT) impacted skeletal muscle and plasma humanin levels. V","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00032.2020","pubmedId":"32271093","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00032.2020","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:40.474Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"6222f82d-8d24-4da6-8746-91fcccac2f2c","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Identification of essential amino acids in Humanin, a neuroprotective factor against Alzheimer’s disease-relevant insults","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0196-9781(03)00106-2","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Identification of essential amino acids in Humanin, a neuroprotective factor against Alzheimer’s disease-relevant insults\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is a secretory peptide that inhibits neurotoxicity by various Alzheimer's disease-relevant insults. We have so far identified that the substitution of Leu9 for Arg nullifies the extracellular secretion of HN. Here we comprehensively investigate the amino acid requirement of HN essential for its secretion and for its neuroprotective function. Intracellulary expressed HN-EGFP (EGFP N-te","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1016/s0196-9781(03)00106-2","pubmedId":"12860203","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(03)00106-2","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:40.546Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"220d890a-ed7f-4129-960f-eabed0dc2e26","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"The Neurovascular Protective Effect of S14G-Humanin in a Murine MCAO Model and Brain Endothelial Cells.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29999240/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"The Neurovascular Protective Effect of S14G-Humanin in a Murine MCAO Model and Brain Endothelial Cells.\" Abstract excerpt: Endothelial dysfunction is fundamental to ischemic stroke and brain injury. The humanin analogue S14G-humanin (HNG) has been shown to be a cytoprotective derivative. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of HNG in vivo and in vitro. In a murine middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) stroke model, HNG ameliorates cerebral infarction and suppresses the production of TNF-&#x3b1;","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1002/iub.1869","pubmedId":"29999240","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Gly(14)-Humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/iub.1869","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:40.623Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"81436eb7-031c-407b-80c5-ce64dd8253ad","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of humanin and its analogues in male rodents.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23836030/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of humanin and its analogues in male rodents.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is a novel 24-amino acid mitochondrial-derived peptide that has demonstrated diverse cytoprotective effects, including an emerging role in diabetes. The purpose of this study was to examine the pharmacokinetics of humanin analogues, which show great potential as therapeutic agents (HNG and the non-IGFBP-3 binding, HNGF6A). 11-week-old male IGFBP-3(-/-) and wild type (WT) mice were div","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1210/en.2012-2004","pubmedId":"23836030","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2012-2004","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:40.694Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"617bfd35-01e6-40e3-be12-5ed66e29e05b","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Intranasal delivery of mitochondrial protein humanin rescues cell death and promotes mitochondrial function in Parkinson's disease.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37351170/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Intranasal delivery of mitochondrial protein humanin rescues cell death and promotes mitochondrial function in Parkinson's disease.\" Abstract excerpt: Rationale: Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key factor in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Accordingly, many aspects of mitochondrial function have been studied as a putative therapeutic target. Here we present a novel strategy to promote mitochondrial function and protect against Parkinson's disease by the peptide encoded within mitochondrial genome, mitochondria-derived peptide (MDP) ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.7150/thno.84165","pubmedId":"37351170","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.7150/thno.84165","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:40.766Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"f4a69342-22a1-4673-9814-f7a53582488d","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Involvement of tyrosine kinases and STAT3 in Humanin-mediated neuroprotection.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16005025/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Involvement of tyrosine kinases and STAT3 in Humanin-mediated neuroprotection.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) inhibits neuronal cell death induced by various Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related insults. It has been proposed that HN binds to a putative receptor on the cell membrane and triggers a signal transduction cascade linked to neuroprotection. Recently, it was shown that HN binds to pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive G protein-coupled formylpeptide receptor-like-1 molecule (FPRL-1), reduces A","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1016/j.lfs.2005.03.031","pubmedId":"16005025","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2005.03.031","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:40.838Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"b2033505-5506-426f-b8cb-c546502c0be3","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"A novel link between chronic inflammation and humanin regulation in children.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38322155/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"A novel link between chronic inflammation and humanin regulation in children.\" Abstract excerpt: Children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often suffer from poor bone growth and impaired bone health. Humanin is a cytoprotective factor expressed in bone and other tissues and we hypothesized that humanin levels are suppressed in conditions of chronic inflammation. To address this, humanin levels were analyzed in serum samples from IBD patients and in ex vivo cultured human growth plate tis","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2023.1142310","pubmedId":"38322155","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1142310","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:40.914Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"56481087-fe0b-446a-9e6f-86672086b451","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Zinc(II) binds to the neuroprotective peptide humanin.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16844225/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Zinc(II) binds to the neuroprotective peptide humanin.\" Abstract excerpt: The abnormal accumulation of the peptide amyloid-beta in the form of senile (or amyloid) plaques is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Zinc ions have been implicated in AD and plaques formation. Recently, the peptide humanin has been discovered. Humanin showed neuroprotective activity against amyloid-beta insults. Here the question investigated is if humanin could interact directly ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2006.06.002","pubmedId":"16844225","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2006.06.002","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:40.987Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"afc6ce96-c4eb-4389-8898-8bf1bd9bca18","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Advances in characterization of neuroprotective peptide, humanin.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22172065/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Advances in characterization of neuroprotective peptide, humanin.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN), a short amino acid peptide, protects neurons as well as other cells from amyloid &#x3b2;-induced toxicities and other stresses. A number of HN binding proteins have been identified and their involvements in HN-mediated neuroprotection have been suggested in some cases. However, the way HN binds to the target molecules has never been clarified. Here we will review the structures of HN","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.2174/092986711798347261","pubmedId":"22172065","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2174/092986711798347261","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:42.181Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"8db3e14a-6208-408e-9dc2-66f684292869","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Using Small Peptide Segments of Amyloid-β and Humanin to Examine their Physical Interactions.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30950343/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Using Small Peptide Segments of Amyloid-β and Humanin to Examine their Physical Interactions.\" Abstract excerpt: Amyloid fibrils in Alzheimer's disease are composed of amyloid-&#x3b2; (A&#x3b2;) peptides of variant lengths. Humanin (HN), a 24 amino acid residue neuroprotective peptide, is known to interact with the predominant A&#x3b2; isoform in the brain, A&#x3b2; (1-40). Here, we constructed smaller segments of A&#x3b2; and HN and identified residues in HN important for both HN-HN and HN-A&#x3b2; interact","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.2174/0929866526666190405122117","pubmedId":"30950343","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2174/0929866526666190405122117","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:41.064Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"9f581209-e3a1-416e-961e-1853cbe473e1","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Structural preferences of neuroprotective S14G-humanin peptide analyzed by molecular modeling and circular dichroism.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17627606/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Structural preferences of neuroprotective S14G-humanin peptide analyzed by molecular modeling and circular dichroism.\" Abstract excerpt: S14G-humanin (S14G-HN) is one of the latest of a new family of neuropeptides with protective action against Alzheimer's disease insults. The structure of S14G-HN was studied with both spectroscopic techniques and molecular dynamics simulation. Secondary structure predictions and modeling of backbone conformation were carried out. Side chain reconstruction, homology modeling and molecular dynamics ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.2174/092986607780989903","pubmedId":"17627606","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2174/092986607780989903","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:41.143Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"251600b2-7cc6-4673-8e17-de6922ae5ef9","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Chronic treatment with the mitochondrial peptide humanin prevents age-related myocardial fibrosis in mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30004252/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Chronic treatment with the mitochondrial peptide humanin prevents age-related myocardial fibrosis in mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Cardiac fibrosis is a biological process that increases with age and contributes to myocardial dysfunction. Humanin (HN) is an endogenous mitochondria-derived peptide that has cytoprotective effects and reduces oxidative stress. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that chronic supplementation of exogenous HN in middle-aged mice could prevent and reverse cardiac fibrosis and apoptosis in","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1152/ajpheart.00685.2017","pubmedId":"30004252","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00685.2017","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:41.214Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"b80465ee-8428-4d14-a764-bc3b2818c611","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"The emerging role of mitochondrial derived peptide humanin in the testis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34534645/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"The emerging role of mitochondrial derived peptide humanin in the testis.\" Abstract excerpt: The discovery of mitochondrial derive peptides (MDPs) has spotlighted mitochondria as central hubs in control and regulation of cell viability and metabolism in the testis in response to intracellular and extracellular stresses. MDPs (Humanin, MOTS-c and SHLP-2) are present in testes. Humanin, the first MDP, is predominantly expressed in Leydig cells, and moderately in germ cells and seminal plasm","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130009","pubmedId":"34534645","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130009","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:41.287Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"ac8bc565-5118-43c0-b022-3b41ee95ba49","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Murine maternal dietary restriction affects neural Humanin expression and cellular profile.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31840315/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Murine maternal dietary restriction affects neural Humanin expression and cellular profile.\" Abstract excerpt: To understand the cellular basis for the neurodevelopmental effects of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), we examined the global and regional expression of various cell types within murine (Mus musculus) fetal brain. Our model employed maternal calorie restriction to 50% daily food intake from gestation day 10-19, producing IUGR offspring. Offspring had smaller head sizes with larger head:bod","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1002/jnr.24568","pubmedId":"31840315","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/jnr.24568","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:41.357Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"e076f3bb-368c-45c0-b2f2-ab078c1ec99e","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Mapping the specific cytoprotective interaction of humanin with the pro-apoptotic protein bid.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17927731/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Mapping the specific cytoprotective interaction of humanin with the pro-apoptotic protein bid.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin is a short endogenous peptide, which can provide protection from cell death through its association with various receptors, including the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins Bid, Bim, and Bax. By using NMR chemical shift mapping experiments, we demonstrate that the interaction between Humanin-derived peptides and Bid is specific, and we localize the binding site to a region on the surface ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1111/j.1747-0285.2007.00576.x","pubmedId":"17927731","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1747-0285.2007.00576.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:41.431Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"9b5844d4-9487-4b9a-903e-09bae0f7d7e6","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"A possible role for mitochondrial-derived peptides humanin and MOTS-c in patients with Q fever fatigue syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31088495/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"A possible role for mitochondrial-derived peptides humanin and MOTS-c in patients with Q fever fatigue syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: Q fever fatigue syndrome (QFS) is a well-documented state of prolonged fatigue following around 20% of acute Q fever infections. It has been hypothesized that low grade inflammation plays a role in its aetiology. In this study, we aimed to identify transcriptome profiles that could aid to better understand the pathophysiology of QFS. RNA of monocytes was collected from QFS patients (n = 10), chron","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1186/s12967-019-1906-3","pubmedId":"31088495","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1186/s12967-019-1906-3","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:41.509Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"1d4d9e59-f900-4a44-a4a9-2c735c75acb6","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Construction of a eukaryotic expression plasmid of Humanin.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15593385/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Construction of a eukaryotic expression plasmid of Humanin.\" Abstract excerpt: To construct a eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1(-)-Humanin. The recombinant plasmid pGEMEX-1-Humanin was digested with restriction endonucleases BamH I and Hind III and the Humanin gene fragments, about 100 bp length, were obtained. Then the Humanin gene fragments were inserted into eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(-) and the recombinant plasmids pcDNA3.1(-)-Humanin were identified by s","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1631/jzus.2005.b0011","pubmedId":"15593385","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1631/jzus.2005.b0011","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:41.583Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"17e985d9-1609-417a-a53c-5acf6d000e46","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"IGF-I regulates the age-dependent signaling peptide humanin.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25040290/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"IGF-I regulates the age-dependent signaling peptide humanin.\" Abstract excerpt: Aging is influenced by endocrine pathways including the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF) axis. Mitochondrial function has also been linked to the aging process, but the relevant mitochondrial signals mediating the effects of mitochondria are poorly understood. Humanin is a novel signaling peptide that acts as a potent regulator of cellular stress responses and protects from a v","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1111/acel.12243","pubmedId":"25040290","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/acel.12243","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:41.656Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"5b15593d-d745-4bdb-9bcc-22371387792e","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Interaction between the Alzheimer's survival peptide humanin and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 regulates cell survival and apoptosis","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2135111100","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Interaction between the Alzheimer's survival peptide humanin and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 regulates cell survival and apoptosis\" Abstract excerpt: Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) regulates IGF bioactivity and also independently modulates cell growth and survival. By using a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify IGFBP-3-interacting proteins, we cloned humanin (HN) as an IGFBP-3-binding partner. HN is a 24-aa peptide that has been shown to specifically inhibit neuronal cell death induced by familial Alzheimer's disease mut","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1073/pnas.2135111100","pubmedId":"14561895","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1073/pnas.2135111100","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:41.730Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"f9a2ea66-9b8e-41c1-b4e5-ae4c216b4dbe","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Cryoprotectant with a mitochondrial derived peptide, humanin, improves post-thaw quality of buffalo spermatozoa.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35315868/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Cryoprotectant with a mitochondrial derived peptide, humanin, improves post-thaw quality of buffalo spermatozoa.\" Abstract excerpt: Semen cryopreservation results in deleterious effects on spermatozoa, including lipid peroxidation and a reduction in the total antioxidant components of seminal plasma. The ultimate outcome of these changes is a reduction in post-thaw semen quality. A mitochondrial derived peptide, humanin, a potent cytoprotective and antioxidant agent was used in the present study. To evaluate the efficacy of a ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.54680/fr22110110212","pubmedId":"35315868","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.54680/fr22110110212","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:41.803Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"27b6e020-dd8d-46ac-828b-1a2c8b380d0d","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"The emerging role of the mitochondrial-derived peptide humanin in stress resistance.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23239898/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"The emerging role of the mitochondrial-derived peptide humanin in stress resistance.\" Abstract excerpt: The discovery of humanin, a novel, mitochondrial-derived peptide, has created a potentially new category of biologically active peptide. As more research unravels the endogenous role of humanin as well as its potential pharmacological use, its role in stress resistance has become clearer. Humanin protects cells from oxidative stress, serum starvation, hypoxia, and other insults in vitro and also i","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1530/jme-12-0203","pubmedId":"23239898","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1530/jme-12-0203","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:41.874Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"55f29ff9-4a02-4314-8f1e-d2c95913c344","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Mechanisms of Neuroprotection by a Novel Rescue Factor Humanin from Swedish Mutant Amyloid Precursor Protein","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.2001.4765","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Mechanisms of Neuroprotection by a Novel Rescue Factor Humanin from Swedish Mutant Amyloid Precursor Protein\" Abstract excerpt: We report a novel gene, designated Humanin (HN) cDNA, that suppresses neuronal cell death by K595N/M596L-APP (NL-APP), a mutant causing familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD), termed Swedish mutant. Transfection of neuronal cells with HN cDNA or treatment with the coding HN polypeptide abrogated cytotoxicity by NL-APP. HN suppressed neurotoxicity by Abeta1-43 in the absence of N2 supplement, but could","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2001,"doi":"10.1006/bbrc.2001.4765","pubmedId":"11327724","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.4765","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:41.947Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"c0b02aff-d55d-4fe7-9ffb-76cc2974cf32","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Oxidative Damage? Not a Problem! The Characterization of Humanin-like Mitochondrial Peptide in Anoxia Tolerant Freshwater Turtles.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33387248/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Oxidative Damage? Not a Problem! The Characterization of Humanin-like Mitochondrial Peptide in Anoxia Tolerant Freshwater Turtles.\" Abstract excerpt: Mitochondria was long thought to be an \"end function\" organelle that regulated the metabolic flux and apoptosis in the cell. However, with the discovery of&#xa0;the mitochondrial peptide (MDP) humanin (HN/MTRNR2), the cytoprotective and pro-survival applications of MDPs have taken the forefront of therapeutic and diagnostic research. However, the regulation of humanin-like MDPs in natural model sy","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1007/s10930-020-09944-7","pubmedId":"33387248","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s10930-020-09944-7","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:42.023Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"129e414a-6886-480c-9a06-b76073ca8cfe","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Assay Development and Measurement of the Aging Biomarker Humanin.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32410037/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Assay Development and Measurement of the Aging Biomarker Humanin.\" Abstract excerpt: Biomarkers that reflect aging could be used to target age-related diseases with precision and monitor treatment efficacy. One such biomarker is humanin, a 24-amino acid mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded within the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. Humanin is measured in biological fluids, associates with many aging phenotypes, and attenuates aging in several animal models. In this chapter, we highl","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1007/978-1-0716-0592-9_18","pubmedId":"32410037","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-0592-9_18","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:42.099Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"2a31a348-0274-4644-851d-8f87bb0ddfda","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"A tripartite motif protein TRIM11 binds and destabilizes Humanin, a neuroprotective peptide against Alzheimer's disease‐relevant insults","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02553.x","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"A tripartite motif protein TRIM11 binds and destabilizes Humanin, a neuroprotective peptide against Alzheimer's disease‐relevant insults\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is a newly identified neuroprotective peptide that specifically suppresses Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related neurotoxicity. HN peptide has been detected in the human AD brain as well as in mouse testis and colon by immunoblot and immunohistochemical analyses. By means of yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified TRIM11 as a novel HN-interacting protein. TRIM11, which is a member of pro","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02553.x","pubmedId":"12670303","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02553.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:42.255Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"e4cabf72-f6d7-40f8-a5b9-5307bce49add","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Evidence for potential functionality of nuclearly-encoded humanin isoforms.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19477263/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Evidence for potential functionality of nuclearly-encoded humanin isoforms.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is a recently identified neuroprotective and antiapoptotic peptide derived from a portion of the mitochondrial MT-RNR2 gene. We provide bioinformatic and expression data suggesting the existence of 13 MT-RNR2-like nuclear loci predicted to maintain the open reading frames of 15 distinct full-length HN-like peptides. At least ten of these nuclear genes are expressed in human tissues, a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1016/j.ygeno.2009.05.006","pubmedId":"19477263","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2009.05.006","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:42.328Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"5f32943f-2b3d-4ca4-a220-17899294054c","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"[Effects of cardiac rehabilitation and predictive value of Humanin/CRP ratio in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure].","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42736132/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"[Effects of cardiac rehabilitation and predictive value of Humanin/CRP ratio in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure].\" Abstract excerpt: Objective: To evaluate the effects of a standardized rehabilitation protocol on physical performance, exercise tolerance, and prognosis in hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure (CHF), and to explore the clinical value of the serum Humanin (a mitochondria-derived peptide) to C-reactive protein (CRP) ratio in prognostic risk stratification. Methods: This non-randomiz","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20260515-00320","pubmedId":"42736132","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20260515-00320","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:42.474Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"9217ec97-9a04-4f22-b08a-8495e3aa4405","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Protective Mechanisms of the Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide Humanin in Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in RPE Cells.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28814984/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Protective Mechanisms of the Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide Humanin in Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in RPE Cells.\" Abstract excerpt: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of severe and irreversible vision loss and is characterized by progressive degeneration of the retina resulting in loss of central vision. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a critical site of pathology of AMD. Mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum which lie in close anatomic proximity to each other are targets of oxidative stre","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1155/2017/1675230","pubmedId":"28814984","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1155/2017/1675230","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:42.548Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"f6319b3f-9649-41f9-b831-5ab9105d792f","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Disease-specific plasma levels of mitokines FGF21, GDF15, and Humanin in type II diabetes and Alzheimer's disease in comparison with healthy aging.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33131010/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Disease-specific plasma levels of mitokines FGF21, GDF15, and Humanin in type II diabetes and Alzheimer's disease in comparison with healthy aging.\" Abstract excerpt: Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21), Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15), and Humanin (HN) are mitochondrial stress-related mitokines, whose role in health and disease is still debated. In this study, we confirmed that their plasma levels are positively correlated with age in healthy subjects. However, when looking at patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) or Alzheimer's disease (AD), two age-re","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1007/s11357-020-00287-w","pubmedId":"33131010","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s11357-020-00287-w","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:42.624Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"22a2aa8c-168e-4677-b1b5-c27cca8e9d27","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Two serine residues distinctly regulate the rescue function of Humanin, an inhibiting factor of Alzheimer's disease‐related neurotoxicity: functional potentiation by isomerization and dimerization","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01797.x","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Two serine residues distinctly regulate the rescue function of Humanin, an inhibiting factor of Alzheimer's disease‐related neurotoxicity: functional potentiation by isomerization and dimerization\" Abstract excerpt: The 24-residue peptide Humanin (HN), containing two Ser residues at positions 7 and 14, protects neuronal cells from insults of various Alzheimer's disease (AD) genes and A beta. It was not known why the rescue function of (S14G)HN is more potent than HN by two to three orders of magnitude. Investigating the possibility that the post-translational modification of Ser14 might play a role, we found ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01797.x","pubmedId":"12787071","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01797.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:42.698Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"ea0c4d23-5b71-4310-920f-e11b87331aec","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Metabolomic profile of diet-induced obesity mice in response to humanin and small humanin-like peptide 2 treatment.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31172328/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Metabolomic profile of diet-induced obesity mice in response to humanin and small humanin-like peptide 2 treatment.\" Abstract excerpt: The mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) are a novel group of natural occurring peptides that have important signaling functions and biological activity. Both humanin and small-humanin-like peptide 2 (SHLP2) have been reported to act as insulin sensitizers and modulate metabolism. By using a metabolomic approach, this study explores how the plasma metabolite profile is regulated in response to hu","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1007/s11306-019-1549-7","pubmedId":"31172328","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Gly(14)-Humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s11306-019-1549-7","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:42.771Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"522db321-b912-48cc-873e-a35332f81c09","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Detailed Characterization of Neuroprotection by a Rescue Factor Humanin against Various Alzheimer's Disease-Relevant Insults","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.21-23-09235.2001","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Detailed Characterization of Neuroprotection by a Rescue Factor Humanin against Various Alzheimer's Disease-Relevant Insults\" Abstract excerpt: A novel factor, termed Humanin (HN), antagonizes against neurotoxicity by various types of familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) genes [V642I and K595N/M596L (NL) mutants of amyloid precursor protein (APP), M146L-presenilin (PS) 1, and N141I-PS2] and by Abeta1-43 with clear action specificity ineffective on neurotoxicity by polyglutamine repeat Q79 or superoxide dismutase 1 mutants. Here we report tha","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2001,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.21-23-09235.2001","pubmedId":"11717357","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-23-09235.2001","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:42.848Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"d1781c4f-80a8-4b75-aaf9-a0a15e8c276f","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Oligoasthenozoospermia is alleviated in a mouse model by [Gly14]-humanin-mediated attenuation of oxidative stress and ferroptosis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39435863/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Oligoasthenozoospermia is alleviated in a mouse model by [Gly14]-humanin-mediated attenuation of oxidative stress and ferroptosis.\" Abstract excerpt: Oligoasthenozoospermia is a common cause of male infertility, for which effective treatments are urgently needed. Humanin (HN) is a peptide associated with this condition. To investigate the ameliorative effect of [Gly14]-Humanin (HNG) on oligoasthenozoospermia and the mechanisms. Mice were treated with cyclophosphamide (CP) to construct a mice model of oligoasthenozoospermia. The resulting model ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/andr.13786","pubmedId":"39435863","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/andr.13786","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:42.922Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"983269c3-ff96-4898-b45d-bcb124d92582","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Interaction of the spectrin-like repeats of alpha-actinin-4 with humanin peptide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15619032/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Interaction of the spectrin-like repeats of alpha-actinin-4 with humanin peptide.\" Abstract excerpt: Podocyte alpha-actinin-4 (actinin-4) is an essential component of the glomerular filtration barrier. We recently reported that the central rod spectrin-like repeats (R1-R4) of actinin-4 have a high affinity to puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN), which can induce nephro-sis in animals. The aim of this study was to identify endogenous molecules that interact with the actinin-4 R1-R4 domain. To identify","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1007/s10157-004-0322-y","pubmedId":"15619032","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s10157-004-0322-y","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:42.994Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"44ec4af2-1426-4351-880c-99036631e06c","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Opposing Roles of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 and Humanin in the Regulation of Testicular Germ Cell Apoptosis","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2009-0577","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Opposing Roles of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 and Humanin in the Regulation of Testicular Germ Cell Apoptosis\" Abstract excerpt: Modulating germ cell death and survival have significant therapeutic potential for male infertility and contraception. We have shown previously that IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) gene expression is up-regulated in human testis when germ cell apoptosis is induced by intratesticular hormonal deprivation created by testosterone administration. Humanin (HN) is a binding partner of IGFBP3, and both ar","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1210/en.2009-0577","pubmedId":"19952275","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2009-0577","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:43.067Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"7e2406b4-7cf3-43fb-bce3-7564a7d332cb","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Evidence of natural selection in the mitochondrial-derived peptides humanin and SHLP6.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37644144/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Evidence of natural selection in the mitochondrial-derived peptides humanin and SHLP6.\" Abstract excerpt: Mitochondrial-derived peptides are encoded by mitochondrial DNA but have biological activity outside mitochondria. Eight of these are encoded by sequences within the mitochondrial 12S and 16S ribosomal genes: humanin, MOTS-c, and the six SHLP peptides, SHLP1-SHLP6. These peptides have various effects in cell culture and animal models, affecting neuroprotection, insulin sensitivity, and apoptosis, ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-023-41053-0","pubmedId":"37644144","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41598-023-41053-0","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:43.138Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"68a086c1-8f3b-49da-8796-bba39fa80316","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Interaction structure of the complex between neuroprotective factor humanin and Alzheimer's β-amyloid peptide revealed by affinity mass spectrometry and molecular modeling.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22522311/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Interaction structure of the complex between neuroprotective factor humanin and Alzheimer's β-amyloid peptide revealed by affinity mass spectrometry and molecular modeling.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is a linear 24-aa peptide recently detected in human Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. HN specifically inhibits neuronal cell death in vitro induced by &#xdf;-amyloid (A&#xdf;) peptides and by amyloid precursor protein and its gene mutations in familial AD, thereby representing a potential therapeutic lead structure for AD; however, its molecular mechanism of action is not well understo","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1002/psc.2404","pubmedId":"22522311","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/psc.2404","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:43.211Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"3f9df02d-c1e3-4026-b2eb-3b11aeb28c00","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Quantitative proteomics analysis reveals the protective role of S14G-humanin in septic acute kidney injury using 4D-label-free and PRM Approaches.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39332154/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Quantitative proteomics analysis reveals the protective role of S14G-humanin in septic acute kidney injury using 4D-label-free and PRM Approaches.\" Abstract excerpt: Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to septic acute kidney injury (S-AKI), making mitochondrial protection a potential therapeutic strategy. This study investigates the effects of S14G-humanin (HNG) in S-AKI, utilizing 4D-label-free and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) techniques for proteomic analysis. An S-AKI model was created in male C57BL/6 mice using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection, f","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150630","pubmedId":"39332154","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150630","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:43.287Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"efb380fb-c109-419e-90cb-95341cfa3425","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Reduced skeletal muscle expression of mitochondrial-derived peptides humanin and MOTS-C and Nrf2 in chronic kidney disease.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31432706/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Reduced skeletal muscle expression of mitochondrial-derived peptides humanin and MOTS-C and Nrf2 in chronic kidney disease.\" Abstract excerpt: Advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by a premature aging phenotype of multifactorial origin. Mitochondrial dysfunction is prevalent in CKD and has been proposed as a major contributor to poor muscle function. Although the mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs) humanin and mitochondrial open reading frame of 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-c) are involved in cell survival, suppression of apoptosi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1152/ajprenal.00202.2019","pubmedId":"31432706","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00202.2019","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:43.362Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"653e9347-0c66-4ccb-ab3f-4dcb846fa5d4","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"VSTM2L is a novel secreted antagonist of the neuroprotective peptide Humanin.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21393573/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"VSTM2L is a novel secreted antagonist of the neuroprotective peptide Humanin.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is a 24-residue peptide displaying a protective activity in vitro against a range of cytotoxic and neurotoxic insults, as well as mediating in vivo amelioration of Alzheimer disease (AD)-related memory impairment in experimental models. Published evidence suggests that the mechanisms through which HN exerts its cyto- and neuroprotective activity may include its secretion and binding t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1096/fj.10-163535","pubmedId":"21393573","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1096/fj.10-163535","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:43.435Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"ab5c5ce7-ef68-4169-84fd-51d5202b31e0","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"The multiple T-maze in vivo testing of the neuroprotective effect of humanin analogues","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2008.06.019","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"The multiple T-maze in vivo testing of the neuroprotective effect of humanin analogues\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) and its analogues have been shown to protect cells against death induced by various Alzheimer's disease (AD) genes and amyloid-beta-peptides in vitro; the analogues [Gly(14)]-HN and colivelin have also been shown to be potent in reversing learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine or quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) in mice or rats in vivo using the Y-maze or multiple T-maze t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2008.06.019","pubmedId":"18647630","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2008.06.019","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:43.510Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"1bc376b6-1503-408f-a5a6-5fba5d2b7883","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Potential Role of High-Intensity Interval Training-Induced Increase in Humanin Levels for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39936487/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Potential Role of High-Intensity Interval Training-Induced Increase in Humanin Levels for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: This study investigated the effect of 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in rats with type 2 diabetes (T2D), focusing on the role of the Humanin (HN). In this study, 28 male Wistar rats were assigned to one of four groups: healthy control (CO), diabetes control (T2D), exercise (EX), and diabetes + exercise (T2D + EX). After diabetes ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/jcmm.70396","pubmedId":"39936487","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/jcmm.70396","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:43.582Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"2cc6b240-0910-44bc-8869-7fc935fbdff8","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"[Identification of the proteins interacting with neuroprotective peptide humanin in a yeast two-hybrid system].","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16583711/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"[Identification of the proteins interacting with neuroprotective peptide humanin in a yeast two-hybrid system].\" Abstract excerpt: Humanine is a human neuroprotective peptide with a wide action spectrum. To analyze molecular mechanisms of humanin functioning, a search for proteins interacting with this peptide was conducted using yeast two-hybrid system. Screening of human fetal brain cDNA library identified seven proteins with different functions that specifically interacted with humanin.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1134/s1022795406020141","pubmedId":"16583711","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1134/s1022795406020141","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:43.653Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"cc0b4970-73fd-4fa4-a84e-b75a92a8519d","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Solution NMR structure and inhibitory effect against amyloid-β fibrillation of Humanin containing a d-isomerized serine residue.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27349871/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Solution NMR structure and inhibitory effect against amyloid-β fibrillation of Humanin containing a d-isomerized serine residue.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin comprising 24 amino acid residues is a bioactive peptide that has been isolated from the brain tissue of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Humanin reportedly suppressed aging-related death of various cells due to amyloid fibrils and oxidative stress. There are reports that the cytoprotective activity of Humanin was remarkably enhanced by optical isomerization of the Ser14 residue from l t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.114","pubmedId":"27349871","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.114","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:43.727Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"4f98066a-c041-4608-bb56-c68ef677422d","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Network Topology and Interactomic Analysis Reveal the Regulatory Framework of the Humanin Protein Family (MTRNR2Lx Class).","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42509775/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Network Topology and Interactomic Analysis Reveal the Regulatory Framework of the Humanin Protein Family (MTRNR2Lx Class).\" Abstract excerpt: This study presents an in-depth analysis of an interactome comprising approximately 1033 nodes, focusing on its topology, reliability, and functional implications, with particular attention to the small mitochondrial proteins of the Humanin family and their nuclear-encoded MTRNR2Lx paralogs. The analysis, conducted through stringent high-reliability filters and experimentally supported interaction","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3390/biom16070981","pubmedId":"42509775","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/biom16070981","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:43.813Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"bdb0647f-8186-493e-aaa9-6380927dd526","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Structural basis of FPR2 in recognition of Aβ<sub>42</sub> and neuroprotection by humanin.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35365641/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Structural basis of FPR2 in recognition of Aβ<sub>42</sub> and neuroprotection by humanin.\" Abstract excerpt: Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) has been shown to mediate the cytotoxic effects of the &#x3b2; amyloid peptide A&#x3b2; 42 and serves as a receptor for humanin, a peptide that protects neuronal cells from damage by A&#x3b2; 42 , implying its involvement in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the interaction pattern between FPR2 and A&#x3b2; 42 or humanin remains unknown. Here w","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-022-29361-x","pubmedId":"35365641","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41467-022-29361-x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:43.886Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"03e06e55-7620-454f-a322-3ce9b71fa1bd","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Mechanisms of protection of retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidant injury by humanin and other mitochondrial-derived peptides: Implications for age-related macular degeneration.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32768357/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Mechanisms of protection of retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidant injury by humanin and other mitochondrial-derived peptides: Implications for age-related macular degeneration.\" Abstract excerpt: The mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) are a new class of small open reading frame encoded polypeptides with pleiotropic properties. The prominent members are Humanin (HN) and small HN-like peptide (SHLP) 2, which encode 16S rRNA, while mitochondrial open reading frame of the twelve S c (MOTS-c) encodes 12S rRNA of the mitochondrial genome. While the multifunctional properties of HN and its ana","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.redox.2020.101663","pubmedId":"32768357","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.redox.2020.101663","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:43.958Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"1de3c87e-565f-429a-8fb6-0a478792cc52","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"In vitro binding and in vivo biodistribution studies of the neuroprotective peptide humanin using [125I]humanin derivatives.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19666070/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"In vitro binding and in vivo biodistribution studies of the neuroprotective peptide humanin using [125I]humanin derivatives.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) and HN-derivatives are a family of peptides first reported in the last decade with potent in vitro and in vivo neuroprotective activity, which is mediated through a not completely elucidated mechanism. Recently, our group has evaluated the effect of various HN-derivatives on the 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB)-induced impairment of spatial orientation and memory in rats, by employing ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2009.07.028","pubmedId":"19666070","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2009.07.028","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:44.030Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"1393e5f5-3865-4274-96a0-738c9b573276","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"A New Antioxidant Marker in Cord Blood of Fetuses with Late Fetal Growth Restriction: Humanin.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37366369/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"A New Antioxidant Marker in Cord Blood of Fetuses with Late Fetal Growth Restriction: Humanin.\" Abstract excerpt: Purpose: This study investigated the Humanin levels in the umbilical cord blood of fetuses with late fetal growth restriction (FGR) and -evaluated their association with perinatal outcomes. Materials and Methods: A total of 95 single pregnancies between 32-41 wk (45 with late FGR and 50 controls) were included. Doppler parameters, birth weight and the need for neonatal intensive care unit admissio","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1080/15513815.2023.2229432","pubmedId":"37366369","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/15513815.2023.2229432","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:44.102Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"85567766-6109-4101-bb3c-06d9d2e5fbdb","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"The secondary structure analysis of a potent Ser14Gly analog of antiAlzheimer peptide, Humanin, by circular dichroism.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16835886/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"The secondary structure analysis of a potent Ser14Gly analog of antiAlzheimer peptide, Humanin, by circular dichroism.\" Abstract excerpt: The structure of a highly potent Ser14Gly analog of antiAlzheimer peptide, Humanin, was examined by circular dichroism (CD). The secondary structure is more disordered in water than in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The peptide structure in water is little dependent on both peptide concentration and temperature. On the contrary, the peptide structure was significantly different in PBS from the s","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1002/psc.773","pubmedId":"16835886","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/psc.773","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:44.174Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"6ce06ac8-cb06-475e-96ca-5fb0f150b282","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Amelioration of neurodegenerative diseases by cell death-induced cytoplasmic delivery of humanin.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23298615/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Amelioration of neurodegenerative diseases by cell death-induced cytoplasmic delivery of humanin.\" Abstract excerpt: Inhibition of the early intracellular event that triggers neurodegenerative cascades and reversal of neuronal cell death are essential for effective treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, a novel therapeutic for AD, a transducible humanin with an extended caspase-3 cleavage sequence (tHN-C3), was developed and showed multiple mechanisms of therapeutic action. These included targeted","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.12.022","pubmedId":"23298615","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.12.022","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:44.246Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"3904a96c-04de-4038-81d0-29890a377165","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Systems spatiotemporal dynamics of traumatic brain injury at single-cell resolution reveals humanin as a therapeutic target.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35951114/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Systems spatiotemporal dynamics of traumatic brain injury at single-cell resolution reveals humanin as a therapeutic target.\" Abstract excerpt: The etiology of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) remains elusive due to the tissue and cellular heterogeneity of the affected brain regions that underlie cognitive impairments and subsequent neurological disorders. This complexity is further exacerbated by disrupted circuits within and between cell populations across brain regions and the periphery, which occur at different timescales and in spa","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1007/s00018-022-04495-9","pubmedId":"35951114","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00018-022-04495-9","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:44.322Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"b18c5aa4-5007-41b0-b640-b3137330eee9","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"SH3-binding protein 5 mediates the neuroprotective effect of the secreted bioactive peptide humanin by inhibiting c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23861391/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"SH3-binding protein 5 mediates the neuroprotective effect of the secreted bioactive peptide humanin by inhibiting c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin is a secreted bioactive peptide that suppresses cell toxicity caused by a variety of insults. The neuroprotective effect of Humanin against Alzheimer disease (AD)-related death is mediated by the binding of Humanin to its heterotrimeric Humanin receptor composed of ciliary neurotrophic receptor &#x3b1;, WSX-1, and gp130, as well as the activation of intracellular signaling pathways includi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1074/jbc.m113.469692","pubmedId":"23861391","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1074/jbc.m113.469692","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:44.395Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"e6e5376f-12a4-46d2-931b-d8893aa4768f","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Interaction of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein 3 With Hyaluronan and Its Regulation by Humanin and CD44.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30184438/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Interaction of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein 3 With Hyaluronan and Its Regulation by Humanin and CD44.\" Abstract excerpt: Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) belongs to a family of IGF-binding proteins. Humanin is a peptide known to bind residues 215-232 of mature IGFBP-3 in the C-terminal region of the protein. This region of IGFBP-3 was shown earlier to bind certain glycosaminoglycans including hyaluronan (HA). Here, we characterized the binding affinities of the IGFBP-3 protein and peptide ( 215","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00635","pubmedId":"30184438","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00635","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:44.468Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"706d90b9-bcf0-4607-acb9-0aeec5505a41","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Breaking the ritual metabolic cycle in order to save acetyl CoA: A potential role for mitochondrial humanin in T2 bladder cancer aggressiveness.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28462847/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Breaking the ritual metabolic cycle in order to save acetyl CoA: A potential role for mitochondrial humanin in T2 bladder cancer aggressiveness.\" Abstract excerpt: Cancer cells may exhibit outsourcing of their high energy need in order to avoid the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis. Reduced mitochondrial respiration and accumulation of mitochondrial genome mutations are among metabolic transformations in this regard. Mitochondrial humanin (MT-RNR2) is a small peptide with anti-apoptotic activities attributed to binding some pro-apoptotic proteins. The curren","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1016/j.jnci.2017.04.001","pubmedId":"28462847","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jnci.2017.04.001","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:44.542Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"24f08199-16b5-4b98-8dbe-f7304de94543","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"The IL-27 component EBI-3 and its receptor subunit IL-27Rα are essential for the cytoprotective action of humanin on male germ cells†.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33330922/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"The IL-27 component EBI-3 and its receptor subunit IL-27Rα are essential for the cytoprotective action of humanin on male germ cells†.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) is a mitochondrial-derived peptide that protects many cells/tissues from damage. We previously demonstrated that HN reduces stress-induced male germ cell apoptosis in rodents. HN action in neuronal cells is mediated through its binding to a trimeric cell membrane receptor composed of glycoprotein 130 (gp130), IL-27 receptor subunit (IL-27R, also known as WSX-1/TCCR), and ciliary neuro","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1093/biolre/ioaa225","pubmedId":"33330922","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/biolre/ioaa225","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:44.615Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"5c119dd0-7199-467f-8c71-c62ed333ead6","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Secreted calmodulin-like skin protein inhibits neuronal death in cell-based Alzheimer's disease models via the heterotrimeric Humanin receptor.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23519124/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Secreted calmodulin-like skin protein inhibits neuronal death in cell-based Alzheimer's disease models via the heterotrimeric Humanin receptor.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin is a secreted bioactive peptide that is protective in a variety of death models, including cell-based neuronal death models related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). To mediate the protective effect in AD-related death models, Humanin signals via a cell-surface receptor that is generally composed of three subunits: ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor &#x3b1;, WSX-1 and gp130 (heterotrimeric Hu","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1038/cddis.2013.80","pubmedId":"23519124","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/cddis.2013.80","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:44.691Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"ca10dda3-b732-4621-bdea-6c5382cf8b8b","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Activity-dependent neurotrophic factor, ADNF, determines the structure characteristics of Colivelin, a fusion protein of ADNF9 and Humanin analog.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17994638/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Activity-dependent neurotrophic factor, ADNF, determines the structure characteristics of Colivelin, a fusion protein of ADNF9 and Humanin analog.\" Abstract excerpt: A 24-amino acid long peptide, Humanin, protects neurons from Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related cell toxicities at sub-nM-uM concentrations. Activity-dependent neurotrophic factor (ADNF) is a glia-derived neurotrophic peptide, which protects neurons from tetrodoxin treatment and AD-related and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-related insults at fM concentrations. An attempt was made to further improve ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1002/psc.959","pubmedId":"17994638","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/psc.959","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:44.770Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"b4349ec5-b2ff-49cf-a717-43fecf91d93e","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by Endonuclease G deficiency requires reactive oxygen radicals accumulation and is inhibitable by the micropeptide humanin.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29502044/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by Endonuclease G deficiency requires reactive oxygen radicals accumulation and is inhibitable by the micropeptide humanin.\" Abstract excerpt: The endonuclease G gene (Endog), which codes for a mitochondrial nuclease, was identified as a determinant of cardiac hypertrophy. How ENDOG controls cardiomyocyte growth is still unknown. Thus, we aimed at finding the link between ENDOG activity and cardiomyocyte growth. Endog deficiency induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and abnormal growth in neonatal rodent cardiomyocytes, alte","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1016/j.redox.2018.02.021","pubmedId":"29502044","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.redox.2018.02.021","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:44.844Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"b60923bf-7eb4-485c-beca-e7bd332e0ca4","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Identification of soluble WSX-1 not as a dominant-negative but as an alternative functional subunit of a receptor for an anti-Alzheimer's disease rescue factor Humanin.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19703422/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Identification of soluble WSX-1 not as a dominant-negative but as an alternative functional subunit of a receptor for an anti-Alzheimer's disease rescue factor Humanin.\" Abstract excerpt: Humanin (HN) inhibits Alzheimer's disease (AD)-relevant neuronal death and dysfunction, by interacting with a receptor (s) involving ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor alpha (CNTFR), WSX-1, and gp130. It remains unknown whether this complex is the sole HN receptor that mediates HN-induced anti-AD activity. We here report that an alternatively spliced WSX-1 isoform, encoding an extracellular 270-","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.08.095","pubmedId":"19703422","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.08.095","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:44.918Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"},{"id":"b6a2b57a-c261-4aac-9d35-0528e5edf9f0","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","title":"Revolutionalizing the age old conventional treatment of psoriasis: An animal based comparative study between methylprednisolone and different doses of a novel anti-oxidant humanin analogue (HNG).","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35978518/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Humanin: \"Revolutionalizing the age old conventional treatment of psoriasis: An animal based comparative study between methylprednisolone and different doses of a novel anti-oxidant humanin analogue (HNG).\" Abstract excerpt: Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease with 2-4% of prevalence worldwide conferring a major burden on health systems. It is assumed that the prevalence might increase due to climatic change and deterioration of protective ozone barrier. With the chances of increasing prevalence, newer and specific treatment options need to be explored. Skin is a constant target of oxidative stress owing to continuous","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108990","pubmedId":"35978518","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"humanin\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108990","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:44.990Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.365Z"}],"regulatoryStatuses":[{"id":"721a0587-b36b-440b-952b-5c6ff04d2cba","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","jurisdiction":"United States — FDA","status":"not_approved","approvedIndication":null,"rationale":"No FDA-approved product containing humanin was identified in the FDA Drugs@FDA database as of 2026-09-23. Humanin remains an investigational, laboratory- and animal-research-stage mitochondrial-derived peptide with no completed FDA marketing review. Absence of a record in this search is not proof that no authorization exists under a different product name or application. Status remains product- and date-specific.","sourceTitle":"FDA Drugs@FDA database","sourceUrl":"https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/","dateChecked":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewDueAt":"2026-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","enteredById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","publicationStatus":"published","factualObservationId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:42:18.421Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.479Z"},{"id":"8e7b2ee3-5ed3-418a-b937-069649b0b80b","peptideId":"f2de558f-b385-4121-9f20-5c234f30faf9","jurisdiction":"European Union — EMA","status":"not_approved","approvedIndication":null,"rationale":"No centrally authorized EMA medicine containing humanin was identified in the EMA medicines database as of 2026-09-23. Humanin remains an investigational research-stage compound with no completed EU marketing review. Absence of a record in this search is not proof that no authorization exists via another regulatory pathway (e.g. national member-state authorization outside the centralized procedure). Status remains jurisdiction-, product-, and date-specific.","sourceTitle":"European Medicines Agency medicines database","sourceUrl":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines","dateChecked":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewDueAt":"2026-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","enteredById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","publicationStatus":"published","factualObservationId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:42:18.498Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:30.479Z"}]},{"id":"784642c5-02af-431f-9f06-a200532f0d31","slug":"ipamorelin","commonName":"Ipamorelin","alternativeNames":["Ipamorelin acetate","NNC 26-0161"],"category":"Growth-hormone secretagogue","mechanismSummary":"Ipamorelin is a synthetic pentapeptide growth-hormone secretagogue that activates the ghrelin receptor (GHSR1a). It was designed to stimulate pulsatile growth-hormone release with less ACTH or cortisol stimulation than some earlier secretagogues.","evidenceQualitySummary":"Published evidence includes pharmacology, animal studies, small human pharmacodynamic work, and clinical development in postoperative gastrointestinal dysmotility. These data do not establish an approved anti-aging, body-composition, recovery, or performance indication.","safetyConcernsSummary":"The long-term consequences of repeated GH/IGF-1 stimulation are not established. Potential concerns include glucose dysregulation, fluid retention, headache, appetite effects, endocrine interactions, and uncertain product identity or sterility outside regulated trials.","archiveSummaryNote":"This corpus separates ipamorelin-specific human and preclinical studies from broader ghrelin-receptor and growth-hormone-secretagogue context.","openQuestionsText":"Do composition-confirmed preparations provide clinically meaningful benefit for any indication, and what are their long-term metabolic, cardiovascular, endocrine, and malignancy-related safety profiles?","active":true,"createdAt":"2026-08-18T17:25:10.584Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z","entityClass":"classification_pending","entityClassSource":"inferred","entityClassReviewed":true,"entityClassReviewedBy":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","entityClassReviewedAt":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z","registryStatus":"canonical","registryTier":null,"acquisitionEnabled":true,"publicationState":"published","editorialState":"published","chemistry":{"id":"8a146a39692ccf284522c93580fcd748","peptideId":"784642c5-02af-431f-9f06-a200532f0d31","molecularFormula":"C38H49N9O5","molecularWeight":711.86,"aminoAcidSequence":"Aib-His-D-2-Nal-D-Phe-Lys-NH2","smiles":null,"inchi":null,"inchikey":null,"structureImageUrl":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z"},"citations":[{"id":"3b7e403205b3a62e449dfbe5ad5abd38","peptideId":"784642c5-02af-431f-9f06-a200532f0d31","title":"Efficacy of ipamorelin, a ghrelin mimetic, on gastric dysmotility in a rodent model of postoperative ileus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27186127/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"The goal of this study was to investigate whether ipamorelin, a synthetic peptidomimetic that acts on the ghrelin receptor, accelerates gastric emptying in a rodent model of gastroparesis induced by abdominal surgery and intestinal manipulation. ...Following abdominal surg …","authors":"Greenwood-Van Meerveld B, Tyler K, Mohammadi E, Pietra C.","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.2147/JEP.S35396","pubmedId":"27186127","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted corpus expansion authorized by owner on 2026-09-08. 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Median time to first tolerated meal was 25.3 and 32.6 h in the ipamorelin and placebo groups, respectively (p = 0.15). LIMITATIONS: This proof …","authors":"Beck DE, Sweeney WB, McCarter MD; Ipamorelin 201 Study Group.","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1007/s00384-014-2030-8","pubmedId":"25331030","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted corpus expansion authorized by owner on 2026-09-08. 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Ipamorelin is a synthetic peptide with GH releasing properties. We wished to study the metabolic effects of Ipamorelin and GH on sel …","authors":"Aagaard NK, Grøfte T, Greisen J, Malmlöf K, Johansen PB, Grønbaek H, Ørskov H, Tygstrup N, Vilstrup H.","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2009.01.001","pubmedId":"19231263","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted corpus expansion authorized by owner on 2026-09-08. 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The pituitary GH content was unchanged by ipamorelin treatme …","authors":"Johansen PB, Nowak J, Skjaerbaek C, Flyvbjerg A, Andreassen TT, Wilken M, Orskov H.","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1999,"doi":"10.1054/ghir.1999.9998","pubmedId":"10373343","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted corpus expansion authorized by owner on 2026-09-08. Relationship to named compound is explicitly classified.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes animal_in_vivo evidence concerning Ipamorelin, a new growth-hormone-releasing peptide, induces longitudinal bone growth in rats.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Compound-specific evidence is preclinical, mechanistic, or otherwise insufficient to establish human clinical efficacy or safety.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-eight-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1054/ghir.1999.9998","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:ipamorelin:wave2:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"animal_in_vivo","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Compound-specific evidence is preclinical, mechanistic, or otherwise insufficient to establish human clinical efficacy or safety."],"studyDesign":"Animal in-vivo study","sourceStrength":{"note":"Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.","grade":"C","score":60,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":78,"reporting":68,"directness":88,"replication":45,"designAndBias":46,"populationRelevance":25},"provisional":true},"directCompoundEvidence":true,"relationshipToNamedCompound":"direct_compound"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1054/ghir.1999.9998","pmid":"10373343","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"relationshipClassified":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z"},{"id":"7ab19f3a1e88e6fc26521c77c190c301","peptideId":"784642c5-02af-431f-9f06-a200532f0d31","title":"Therapeutic peptides in gerontology: mechanisms and applications for healthy aging.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42021992/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Search terms included \"peptide therapeutics,\" \"aging,\" \"gerontology,\" \"healthspan,\" combined with specific peptide names (tirzepatide, epitalon, GHK-Cu, BPC-157, TB-500, Semax, CJC-1295, ipamorelin, bremelanotide). Peer-reviewed articles, clinical trials, regulatory docume …","authors":"Mavrych V, Shypilova I, Bolgova O.","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1790247","pubmedId":"42021992","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted corpus expansion authorized by owner on 2026-09-08. 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The structure of these peptides was characterised by means of high resolution (tandem) mass sp …","authors":"Krug O, Thomas A, Malerød-Fjeld H, Dehnes Y, Laussmann T, Feldmann I, Sickmann A, Thevis M.","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2018.05.001","pubmedId":"29864719","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted corpus expansion authorized by owner on 2026-09-08. 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The potential of anamorelin to inhibit electrical field …","authors":"Lu Z, Ngan MP, Liu JYH, Yang L, Tu L, Chan SW, Giuliano C, Lovati E, Pietra C, Rudd JA.","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114644","pubmedId":"39043357","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted corpus expansion authorized by owner on 2026-09-08. 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All are potent GH and IGF-1 stimulators that can significantly improve body composition while ameliorating specific hypogonadal symptoms inclu …","authors":"Sinha DK, Balasubramanian A, Tatem AJ, Rivera-Mirabal J, Yu J, Kovac J, Pastuszak AW, Lipshultz LI.","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.21037/tau.2019.11.30","pubmedId":"32257855","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted corpus expansion authorized by owner on 2026-09-08. 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Ipamorelin is a pentapeptide (Aib-His-D-2-Nal-D-Phe-Lys-NH2), which displays high GH releasing potency and efficacy in vitro and in vivo. ...The specificity …","authors":"Raun K, Hansen BS, Johansen NL, Thøgersen H, Madsen K, Ankersen M, Andersen PH.","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1998,"doi":"10.1530/eje.0.1390552","pubmedId":"9849822","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted corpus expansion authorized by owner on 2026-09-08. 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RESULTS: BPC-157 demonstrated potential benefits in tendon and muscle repair, but these findings are largely unvalidated in human trials. ...TB-4 and its derivative TB-50 …","authors":"Mayfield CK, Bolia IK, Feingold CL, Lin EH, Liu JN, Rick Hatch GF, Gamradt SC, Weber AE.","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1177/03635465251357593","pubmedId":"41476424","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted corpus expansion authorized by owner on 2026-09-08. 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Use of peptide and peptide-analog drugs in recreational and professional sport and bodybuilding: a critical review.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41880199/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Marketed as more selective and ostensibly safer alternatives, peptides-including growth hormone secretagogues (e.g., Ipamorelin), growth hormone-releasing hormone analogues (e.g., CJC-1295, Sermorelin), and synthetic fragments (e.g., Frag 176-191, KPV)-are promoted for mus …","authors":"Coutinho LFD, DE Oliveira Neves LF, Camilo RP.","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17773-1","pubmedId":"41880199","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted corpus expansion authorized by owner on 2026-09-08. Relationship to named compound is explicitly classified.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes mechanistic evidence concerning A new era of doping? 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The parent peptide family, named fragments, and synthetic analogs should not be treated as interchangeable interventions.","evidenceQualitySummary":"WPF’s atlas includes studies of kisspeptin measurements in puberty and reproductive physiology, alongside analytical methods and animal models. Diagnostic associations, mechanistic experiments, and interventional trials address different questions; a circulating value does not by itself establish treatment benefit.","safetyConcernsSummary":"This Directory entry has no published source-linked citations or jurisdiction-specific regulatory records. Fragment identity, assay specificity, study population, and clinical endpoint need explicit source-level review before a broad claim is made.","archiveSummaryNote":"WPF's separate observational archive may include contributor reports mentioning kisspeptin or a specific named fragment or analog. 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Infundibular kisspeptin neurons, which coexpress NKB, regulate the activity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and thus the physiological pulsatile secretion of GnRH from t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1152/physrev.00015.2024","pubmedId":"39813600","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: WPF seed. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1152/physrev.00015.2024","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:09.444Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"7fb8115c-34bd-4b4e-9b60-93658be7bb48","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The Role of Kisspeptin Signaling in Reproduction","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00009.2010","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The Role of Kisspeptin Signaling in Reproduction\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptins are a group of peptides that stimulate GnRH release and are required for puberty and maintenance of normal reproductive function. This review focuses on our understanding of the way in which kisspeptin signaling regulates mammalian fertility and how they act as central integrators of different hormonal and physiological signals.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1152/physiol.00009.2010","pubmedId":"20699467","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1152/physiol.00009.2010","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:53.630Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"098cb60f-8b93-4946-9abd-1bd72fbe3c0d","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptins and GnRH neuronal signalling","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2008.10.005","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptins and GnRH neuronal signalling\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin binding to its G-protein-coupled receptor KISS1R (also known as GPR54), which is expressed by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, stimulates GnRH release and activation of the mammalian reproductive axis. Kisspeptin neurons make close contact with GnRH neurons acting at both the cell body and the nerve terminals. Kisspeptin can act directly on GnRH neurons and/or indirectly v","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1016/j.tem.2008.10.005","pubmedId":"19097915","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.tem.2008.10.005","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:46.158Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"3f365938-b49b-4bd0-b3cf-bc02cf284c22","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin in the Prediction of Pregnancy Complications.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35928889/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin in the Prediction of Pregnancy Complications.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin and its receptor are central to reproductive health acting as key regulators of the reproductive endocrine axis in humans. Kisspeptin is most widely recognised as a regulator of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal function. However, recent evidence has demonstrated that kisspeptin and its receptor also play a fundamental role during pregnancy in the regulation of placentatio","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2022.942664","pubmedId":"35928889","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.942664","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:08.321Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"23924158-bda4-4598-8d8b-5e6afc66df43","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin Neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus of the Hypothalamus Orchestrate Circadian Rhythms and Metabolism","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.01.022","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin Neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus of the Hypothalamus Orchestrate Circadian Rhythms and Metabolism\" Abstract excerpt: Successful reproduction in female mammals is precisely timed and must be able to withstand the metabolic demand of pregnancy and lactation. We show that kisspeptin-expressing neurons in the arcuate hypothalamus (Kiss1 ARH ) of female mice control the&#xa0;daily timing of food intake, along with the circadian regulation of locomotor activity, sleep, and core body temperature. Toxin-induced silencin","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2019.01.022","pubmedId":"30744968","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=153, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.01.022","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:08.393Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"89ab9a56-22c1-444c-ab22-71dec9073e29","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin-54 triggers egg maturation in women undergoing in vitro fertilization","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1172/jci75730","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin-54 triggers egg maturation in women undergoing in vitro fertilization\" Abstract excerpt: Patients with mutations that inactivate kisspeptin signaling are infertile. Kisspeptin-54, the major circulating isoform of kisspeptin in humans, potently stimulates reproductive hormone secretion in humans. Animal studies suggest that kisspeptin is involved in generation of the luteinizing hormone surge, which is required for ovulation; therefore, we hypothesized that kisspeptin-54 could be used ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1172/jci75730","pubmedId":"25036713","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=40, totalMentions=11). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1172/jci75730","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:08.465Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"45b5919f-65a2-4de0-a807-5ed6bd46b906","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin modulates fertilization capacity of mouse spermatozoa","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/rep-13-0368","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin modulates fertilization capacity of mouse spermatozoa\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin acts as an upstream regulator of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis, which is one of the main regulatory systems for mammalian reproduction. Kiss1 and its receptor Kiss1r (also known as G protein-coupled receptor 54 (Gpr54)) are expressed in various organs, but their functions are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression profiles and functions ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1530/rep-13-0368","pubmedId":"24567427","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=19). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1530/rep-13-0368","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:08.538Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"4aae59ed-f177-4e7b-9b59-30941a81fc40","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin Neurones do not Directly Signal to RFRP ‐3 Neurones but RFRP ‐3 may Directly Modulate a Subset of Hypothalamic Kisspeptin Cells in Mice","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jne.12084","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin Neurones do not Directly Signal to RFRP ‐3 Neurones but RFRP ‐3 may Directly Modulate a Subset of Hypothalamic Kisspeptin Cells in Mice\" Abstract excerpt: The neuropeptides kisspeptin (encoded by Kiss1) and RFamide-related peptide-3 (also known as GnIH; encoded by Rfrp) are potent stimulators and inhibitors, respectively, of reproduction. Whether kisspeptin or RFRP-3 might act directly on each other's neuronal populations to indirectly modulate reproductive status is unknown. To examine possible interconnectivity of the kisspeptin and RFRP-3 systems","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1111/jne.12084","pubmedId":"23927071","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=18, totalMentions=17). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/jne.12084","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:08.651Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"11555687-49b8-4717-8c0c-6dd86c884e6e","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin, Neurokinin B, and Dynorphin Act in the Arcuate Nucleus to Control Activity of the GnRH Pulse Generator in Ewes","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2013-1331","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin, Neurokinin B, and Dynorphin Act in the Arcuate Nucleus to Control Activity of the GnRH Pulse Generator in Ewes\" Abstract excerpt: Recent work has led to the hypothesis that kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin (KNDy) neurons in the arcuate nucleus play a key role in GnRH pulse generation, with kisspeptin driving GnRH release and neurokinin B (NKB) and dynorphin acting as start and stop signals, respectively. In this study, we tested this hypothesis by determining the actions, if any, of four neurotransmitters found in KNDy neur","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1210/en.2013-1331","pubmedId":"23959940","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=43, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2013-1331","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:08.724Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"cbff025d-81ca-4866-be7e-0227511a18c3","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin Neurons from Mice to Men: Similarities and Differences","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2012-1550","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin Neurons from Mice to Men: Similarities and Differences\" Abstract excerpt: The discovery that kisspeptin was critical for normal fertility in humans ushered in a new chapter in our understanding of the control of GnRH secretion. In this paper, we will review recent data on the similarities and differences across several mammalian species in the role of kisspeptin in reproductive neuroendocrinology. In all mammals examined to date, there is strong evidence that kisspeptin","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1210/en.2012-1550","pubmedId":"22989628","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=19, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2012-1550","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:08.845Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"e2847386-4a17-422b-8398-6fe4fa9fd7ba","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin Administration to Women: A Window into Endogenous Kisspeptin Secretion and GnRH Responsiveness across the Menstrual Cycle","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-1282","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin Administration to Women: A Window into Endogenous Kisspeptin Secretion and GnRH Responsiveness across the Menstrual Cycle\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin is the most powerful known stimulus of GnRH-induced LH secretion across mammalian species. However, the effects of kisspeptin are just being explored, and the dynamics of kisspeptin responsiveness across the menstrual cycle are incompletely understood. The objective of the study was to characterize the effects of kisspeptin on GnRH secretion in healthy women in different phases of the m","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2012-1282","pubmedId":"22577171","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=13). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/jc.2012-1282","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:08.918Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"30291d73-a631-4062-8468-94b1bd816883","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin-GPR54 Signaling in Mouse NO-Synthesizing Neurons Participates in the Hypothalamic Control of Ovulation","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.4765-11.2012","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin-GPR54 Signaling in Mouse NO-Synthesizing Neurons Participates in the Hypothalamic Control of Ovulation\" Abstract excerpt: Reproduction is controlled in the brain by a neural network that drives the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Various permissive homeostatic signals must be integrated to achieve ovulation in mammals. However, the neural events controlling the timely activation of GnRH neurons are not completely understood. Here we show that kisspeptin, a potent activator of GnRH neuronal activit","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.4765-11.2012","pubmedId":"22262891","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=345, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4765-11.2012","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:08.993Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"f0746512-7efc-4461-98ff-73688b3452ed","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin Signaling Is Indispensable for Neurokinin B, but not Glutamate, Stimulation of Gonadotropin Secretion in Mice","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2011-1260","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin Signaling Is Indispensable for Neurokinin B, but not Glutamate, Stimulation of Gonadotropin Secretion in Mice\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptins (Kp), products of the Kiss1 gene that act via Gpr54 to potently stimulate GnRH secretion, operate as mediators of other regulatory signals of the gonadotropic axis. Mouse models of Gpr54 and/or Kiss1 inactivation have been used to address the contribution of Kp in the central control of gonadotropin secretion; yet, phenotypic and hormonal differences have been detected among the transg","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1210/en.2011-1260","pubmedId":"22067321","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2011-1260","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:09.065Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"8b0b4035-c596-4c46-bdfa-941f12d1d455","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin Signalling in the Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus Regulates GnRH Pulse Generator Frequency in the Rat","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0008334","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin Signalling in the Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus Regulates GnRH Pulse Generator Frequency in the Rat\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin and its G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 54 are essential for activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis. In the rat, the kisspeptin neurons critical for gonadotropin secretion are located in the hypothalamic arcuate (ARC) and anteroventral periventricular (AVPV) nuclei. As the ARC is known to be the site of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator we explored","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0008334","pubmedId":"20016824","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=12). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008334","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:09.177Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"7a0e5ce7-5f4d-4a4f-9c8e-62a00d1c0eea","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin Cells in the Ewe Brain Respond to Leptin and Communicate with Neuropeptide Y and Proopiomelanocortin Cells","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2009-1190","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin Cells in the Ewe Brain Respond to Leptin and Communicate with Neuropeptide Y and Proopiomelanocortin Cells\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin stimulates reproduction, and kisspeptin cells in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) express Ob-Rb in the mouse. Herein we report studies in ewes to determine whether kisspeptin cells express Ob-Rb and respond to leptin and whether reciprocal connections exist between kisspeptin cells and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) or neuropeptide Y (NPY) cells to modulate reproduction and metabolic function. Kis","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1210/en.2009-1190","pubmedId":"20207832","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=14). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2009-1190","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:09.598Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"2e8150bf-1278-4a97-9559-5bb5846b25b8","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin Is Present in Ovine Hypophysial Portal Blood But Does Not Increase during the Preovulatory Luteinizing Hormone Surge: Evidence that Gonadotropes Are Not Direct Targets of Kisspeptin in Vivo","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2007-1425","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin Is Present in Ovine Hypophysial Portal Blood But Does Not Increase during the Preovulatory Luteinizing Hormone Surge: Evidence that Gonadotropes Are Not Direct Targets of Kisspeptin in Vivo\" Abstract excerpt: There is strong evidence that kisspeptin acts to regulate GnRH secretion, but whether there is also a component of action on the gonadotropes is not clear. Using quantitative RT-PCR, we found that G protein-coupled receptor-54 mRNA is expressed in ovine pituitary cell fractions enriched for gonadotropes as well as in somatotropes and lactotropes. To test whether kisspeptin acts directly on the pit","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1210/en.2007-1425","pubmedId":"18162520","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=30, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2007-1425","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:09.249Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"5fcfda8b-d73a-462a-90be-ec8161322b37","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin Activation of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Neurons and Regulation of KiSS-1 mRNA in the Male Rat","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000083140","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin Activation of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Neurons and Regulation of KiSS-1 mRNA in the Male Rat\" Abstract excerpt: The KiSS-1 gene codes for a family of neuropeptides called kisspeptins which bind to the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR54. To assess the possible effects of kisspeptins on gonadotropin secretion, we injected kisspeptin-52 into the lateral cerebral ventricles of adult male rats and found that kisspeptin-52 increased the serum levels of luteinizing hormone (p &lt; 0.05). To determine whether the kis","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1159/000083140","pubmedId":"15665556","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=59, totalMentions=12). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1159/000083140","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:09.369Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"ae150835-b654-400f-9e58-0470dbcf915d","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Stress, kisspeptin, and functional hypothalamic amenorrhea.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36103784/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Context on reproductive neuroendocrine signaling and a defined clinical question; not a direct efficacy trial.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.coph.2022.102288","pubmedId":"36103784","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Upgraded from an entered/unverified draft to a content-verified citation. Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: WPF seed. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This publication addresses Kisspeptin in the specific setting identified in its title.","supportNature":"Screened source-level context; specific outcomes and evidence tier await appraisal.","qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.coph.2022.102288","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:12:38.830Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"6cc0d4f2-f865-4f0f-a89b-ff1302a0adfd","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin/Kisspeptin Receptor System in the Ovary","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2017.00365","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin/Kisspeptin Receptor System in the Ovary\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptins are a family of neuropeptides that are critical for initiating puberty and regulating ovulation in sexually mature females via the central control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Recent studies have shown that kisspeptin and its receptor kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R) are expressed in the mammalian ovary. Convincing evidence indicates that kisspeptins can activate a wide vari","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2017.00365","pubmedId":"29354093","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3389/fendo.2017.00365","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:09.526Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"b9ecc6a1-145b-4080-81dc-00e8b9bddc25","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin Administration Stimulates Reproductive Hormones but Does Not Affect Anxiety in Humans.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40036336/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin Administration Stimulates Reproductive Hormones but Does Not Affect Anxiety in Humans.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin is a critical endogenous activator of the reproductive system, with escalating clinical interest as a novel therapeutic for common reproductive and psychosexual disorders. However, conflicting animal data suggest that kisspeptin can have anxiolytic, neutral, or anxiogenic effects. Given the rapid development of kisspeptin-based therapeutics, it is important to comprehensively investigat","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1210/clinem/dgaf128","pubmedId":"40036336","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=12). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaf128","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:03.672Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"1cb9692a-aede-44f7-b9e1-789c8c38716f","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin Receptor Agonists and Antagonists: Strategies for Discovery and Implications for Human Health and Disease.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40430029/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin Receptor Agonists and Antagonists: Strategies for Discovery and Implications for Human Health and Disease.\" Abstract excerpt: The kisspeptin/kisspeptin receptor ( KISS1 / KISS1R ) system has emerged as a vital regulator of various physiological processes, including cancer progression, metabolic function, and reproduction. KISS1R , a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, is crucial for regulating the hypothalamic/pituitary/gonadal axis. A growing number of KISS1R agonists are currently being investigated in cli","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3390/ijms26104890","pubmedId":"40430029","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=4, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/ijms26104890","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:03.745Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"7bb28fce-c959-4102-bf89-4a1af19cf77a","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin stimulates sheep ovarian follicular development <i>in vitro</i> through homologous receptors.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38059309/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin stimulates sheep ovarian follicular development <i>in vitro</i> through homologous receptors.\" Abstract excerpt: The present study was conducted to elucidate (1) the influence of kisspeptin (KP) on the in vitro development of preantral follicles (PFs) and (2) evolution of KP receptor gene ( KISS1R ) expression during ovarian follicular development in sheep. Kisspeptin was supplemented (0-100 &#xb5;g/ml) in the culture medium of PFs for 6 days. The cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) from cultured PFs were subseq","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1017/s096719942300059x","pubmedId":"38059309","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=66, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1017/s096719942300059x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:03.816Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"613902b9-afa1-4aeb-819d-54d827a83b95","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin expression levels in patients with placenta previa: A randomized trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38996103/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin expression levels in patients with placenta previa: A randomized trial.\" Abstract excerpt: This study aimed to explore the potential influence of kisspeptin (KISS1) levels on the etiology of placenta previa for early pregnancy diagnosis. The study included 20 pregnant women diagnosed with placenta previa and 20 pregnant woman with normal pregnancies between 2021 and 2022. Plasma KISS1 levels were determined through biochemical analysis, while genetic analysis assessed KISS1 and KISS1 re","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1097/md.0000000000038866","pubmedId":"38996103","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=55, totalMentions=12). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/md.0000000000038866","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:03.931Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"a764e24a-f23d-4492-9035-05ddb2823bd2","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin as a Precision Biomarker in Personalized Pharmacy: Implications for Individualized Monitoring of Early Pregnancy Viability.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42347060/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin as a Precision Biomarker in Personalized Pharmacy: Implications for Individualized Monitoring of Early Pregnancy Viability.\" Abstract excerpt: Precision medicine aims to improve early, individualized risk stratification using biologically relevant biomarkers. In early pregnancy, markers reflecting placental function remain limited. Kisspeptin, a placentally derived peptide that rises during normal gestation, has emerged as a potential indicator of pregnancy viability. We aimed to evaluate evidence on maternal serum kisspeptin levels and ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3390/pharmacy14030084","pubmedId":"42347060","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=191, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/pharmacy14030084","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:04.004Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"5ffbd203-9b10-4e3f-9d2d-b17a7a40f9fe","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin expression during menstruation in PCOS patients undergoing ovulation induction and the correlation with early pregnancy.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38809329/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin expression during menstruation in PCOS patients undergoing ovulation induction and the correlation with early pregnancy.\" Abstract excerpt: To examine the pattern of kisspeptin expression throughout the menstrual cycle in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients under the ovulation induction and identify any possible associations with early pregnancy. A prospective cohort of 80 PCOS women who expressed the desire for fertility was enrolled in this study. All of them received the ovulation induction by using letrozole. Levels of kissp","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1007/s10815-024-03144-3","pubmedId":"38809329","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=26, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s10815-024-03144-3","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:04.126Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"daae3dda-6203-4c47-8643-2e0448995b17","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin signalling and its correlation with placental ultrastructure and clinical outcomes in pregnant South African women with obesity and gestational diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38878622/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin signalling and its correlation with placental ultrastructure and clinical outcomes in pregnant South African women with obesity and gestational diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a major pregnancy metabolic disorder and is strongly linked with obesity. Kisspeptin is a hormone that increases several thousand-fold in the maternal circulation during human pregnancy, with placenta as its main source. Studies have suggested that kisspeptin regulates trophoblast invasion and promotes pancreatic insulin secretion and peripheral insulin sensi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.placenta.2024.05.138","pubmedId":"38878622","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=113, totalMentions=14). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2024.05.138","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:04.201Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"ffd7a53f-d99f-4fc1-a161-fd677ecf8b78","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin and DLK1 levels for monitoring treatment of girls with central precocious puberty.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38772409/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin and DLK1 levels for monitoring treatment of girls with central precocious puberty.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin and delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) are neuropeptides that reportedly play an important role in pubertal timing by activating and inhibiting the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, respectively. Consequently, serum kisspeptin and DLK1 levels may be novel biomarkers for differentiating between central precocious puberty (CPP) and premature thelarche (PT) in girls and used to monitor CPP tre","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.3345/cep.2023.01361","pubmedId":"38772409","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3345/cep.2023.01361","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:04.272Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"89741cbd-be75-4eb6-b837-1b872829f8de","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin: a potential therapeutic target in patients with unexplained infertility?","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36114933/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin: a potential therapeutic target in patients with unexplained infertility?\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin has recently emerged as a key regulator of the reproductive axis in women. Kisspeptin, acting centrally via the kisspeptin receptor, stimulates the secretion of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH). To investigate serum kisspeptin levels in infertility patients for its clinical utilisation in management and understanding of the pathophysiology of infertility in a wide array of pat","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1007/s11845-022-03152-1","pubmedId":"36114933","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=11). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s11845-022-03152-1","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:04.345Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"e19feb51-d8d1-4add-957c-1811468db6e2","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin System: A Modulator of Neuroinflammation and Behaviour in Temporal Lobe Epileptic Rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42680947/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin System: A Modulator of Neuroinflammation and Behaviour in Temporal Lobe Epileptic Rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most prevalent form of drug-resistant epilepsy and is driven by persistent neuroinflammatory cascades wherein interactions between inflammatory mediators and hormones play a crucial role. Kisspeptin (Kiss1), a neuropeptide known to modulate synaptic transmission in the hippocampus, has an unclear role in pathophysiology of epilepsy. To investigate this, a lithiu","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s12035-026-06171-6","pubmedId":"42680947","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=224, totalMentions=13). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s12035-026-06171-6","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:04.457Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"06741085-f6eb-4a9d-a843-231e57021a59","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin-2 stimulates testicular function in adult pejerrey (Odontesthes bonariensis): Does it act directly on the testes?","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364900/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin-2 stimulates testicular function in adult pejerrey (Odontesthes bonariensis): Does it act directly on the testes?\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin is a neuropeptide that regulates GnRHergic neurons in mammals; however, its function in teleost fish remains less understood. This study examined the role of kisspeptin2 (Kiss2) in the regulation of testicular function in adult pejerrey (Odontesthes bonariensis), with a particular focus on differentiating between central and direct gonadal effects. Spermiating males were intraperitoneal","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2026.112043","pubmedId":"42364900","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2026.112043","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:04.529Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"3c284209-33f6-4910-ad5e-b93b4241ef94","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin-10 attenuates pulmonary arterial hypertension via restoration of mitochondrial function in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41955717/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin-10 attenuates pulmonary arterial hypertension via restoration of mitochondrial function in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells.\" Abstract excerpt: Mitochondrial dysfunction and dysregulated mitophagy in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) critically drive pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Here we show that Kisspeptin-10, acting via its receptor GPR54, markedly attenuates PAH in the SU5416/hypoxia mouse model. The administration of kisspeptin-10 resulted in a considerable reduction in the systolic pressure of the right ventricl","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2026.102611","pubmedId":"41955717","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=176, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.npep.2026.102611","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:04.650Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"94cb8ffb-6cc7-4f54-a651-3fbc04983bcc","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin-54 attenuates acute lung injury in septic mice through AMPK-mediated suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42418889/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin-54 attenuates acute lung injury in septic mice through AMPK-mediated suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome.\" Abstract excerpt: Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) remains a leading cause of death in intensive care, yet targeted therapies are lacking. Kisspeptin-54 is a neuropeptide primarily known for reproductive regulation, though its role in sepsis is unexplored. This study investigated whether exogenous kisspeptin-54 protects against septic lung injury and examined the underlying mechanism. In a cecal ligation and ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2026.102639","pubmedId":"42418889","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=127, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.npep.2026.102639","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:04.725Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"3a1e727c-8f98-4ee8-a5e1-306233bdd4e1","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin-54 confers renal protection in diabetic nephropathy by ameliorating endothelial permeability through ZEB1 inhibition.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41950743/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin-54 confers renal protection in diabetic nephropathy by ameliorating endothelial permeability through ZEB1 inhibition.\" Abstract excerpt: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). A central pathological feature is the breakdown of the glomerular endothelial barrier. Although the Kisspeptin-54/GPR54 pathway is known to regulate vascular function, its specific role and mechanism in DN-related renal endothelial damage are unclear. This study used db/db mice (type 2 DN model) and human renal glomeru","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.tice.2026.103503","pubmedId":"41950743","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=180, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.tice.2026.103503","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:04.796Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"adb5cfd6-cefe-42c1-828c-f3b840474ee2","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin as a test of hypothalamic dysfunction in pubertal and reproductive disorders.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39834030/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin as a test of hypothalamic dysfunction in pubertal and reproductive disorders.\" Abstract excerpt: The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is regulated by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator in the hypothalamus. This is comprised of neurons that secrete kisspeptin in a pulsatile manner to stimulate the release of GnRH, and, in turn, downstream gonadotropins from the pituitary gland, and subsequently sex steroids and gametogenesis from the gonads. Many reproductive disorders in bo","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/andr.13843","pubmedId":"39834030","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=170, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/andr.13843","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:04.869Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"0e58e585-ce7c-43a5-bde3-f7a8434ac845","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin Restores Placental mTOR Signaling and Improves Glucose Homeostasis Mediators Disrupted by Maternal Hypothyroidism in Rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41782211/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin Restores Placental mTOR Signaling and Improves Glucose Homeostasis Mediators Disrupted by Maternal Hypothyroidism in Rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Reduced placental mTOR signaling is associated with intrauterine growth restriction and impaired maternal and placental metabolism. Since maternal hypothyroidism induces intrauterine growth restriction, and maternal treatment with kisspeptin-10 (Kp10) has been shown to improve feto-placental development in hypothyroid rats, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of maternal hypothyroidism, with ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/apha.70188","pubmedId":"41782211","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=231, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/apha.70188","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:04.984Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"76a65b4d-4ff8-4a1b-9c16-ee7f350a932f","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin and early pregnancy: Insights from animal models into hormonal regulation and miscarriage.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41310413/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin and early pregnancy: Insights from animal models into hormonal regulation and miscarriage.\" Abstract excerpt: Miscarriage, defined as spontaneous pregnancy loss before 20 weeks of gestation, affects 10-15% of pregnancies in women under 30, rising to over 50% in women over 45. Implantation failure and early placental dysfunction are major contributors, yet the precise mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Kisspeptin, encoded by KISS1, is a critical regulator of the reproductive axis and is highly expr","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/jne.70120","pubmedId":"41310413","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=303, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/jne.70120","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:05.057Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"d91f4f13-1c3d-44e3-a0b7-04d6cb5ff504","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin exacerbates androgen-induced follicular dysplasia by promoting Drp1 phosphorylation imbalance and mitochondrial excessive fission in granulosa cells of polycystic ovary syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42057167/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin exacerbates androgen-induced follicular dysplasia by promoting Drp1 phosphorylation imbalance and mitochondrial excessive fission in granulosa cells of polycystic ovary syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: BACKGROUND: An excess of androgens induces follicular dysplasia. Kisspeptin is a polypeptide hormone that is expressed in both the central nervous system and ovary, and it is correlated with follicle development. However, the mechanism underlying its role in androgen-induced follicular dysplasia of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is unclear. This study aimed to explore whether Kisspeptin can exac","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1186/s13048-026-02055-4","pubmedId":"42057167","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=65, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1186/s13048-026-02055-4","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:05.173Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"17a00289-f443-4728-90fb-0a884f4404dc","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin made in the preoptic area is required for normal estradiol-induced LH surges and optimal fertility in females.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42057695/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin made in the preoptic area is required for normal estradiol-induced LH surges and optimal fertility in females.\" Abstract excerpt: Ovulation is triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion from the pituitary. The LH surge is itself driven by a surge in gonadotropin-releasing hormone release induced by estrogen positive feedback action in the hypothalamus. While ER&#x3b1;-expressing kisspeptin (Kiss1) neurons in the preoptic area (in mice, the rostral periventricular region of the third ventricle [RP3V]) are prop","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqag049","pubmedId":"42057695","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=268, totalMentions=11). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/endocr/bqag049","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:05.246Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"b92080e0-89da-4a8e-adcf-c8908ec0a32e","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin improves local ovarian insulin resistance in PCOS by modulating the PI3K/AKT/GLUT4 signaling pathway.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41628190/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin improves local ovarian insulin resistance in PCOS by modulating the PI3K/AKT/GLUT4 signaling pathway.\" Abstract excerpt: Insulin resistance (IR) is commonly observed in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), affecting 44% to 70% of these individuals. Kisspeptin is a key regulatory factor in energy balance and reproduction, and it may alleviate PCOS-related symptoms by improving insulin resistance. In this study, a PCOS-IR mouse model was established using dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and a high-fat diet. T","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0342158","pubmedId":"41628190","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=139, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0342158","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:05.321Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"1e132935-9ee1-4c42-9544-1a7555fc9148","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin Signaling Suppresses HRas&lt;sup&gt;G12V&lt;/sup&gt;-induced Tumor Growth and Metastasis by Inhibiting SP1-dependent N-cadherin Expression in NIH3T3 Cells.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42527090/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin Signaling Suppresses HRas&lt;sup&gt;G12V&lt;/sup&gt;-induced Tumor Growth and Metastasis by Inhibiting SP1-dependent N-cadherin Expression in NIH3T3 Cells.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin signaling is recognized as a metastasis-suppressive pathway, but its role in oncogenic HRAS-driven tumor progression remains incompletely understood. This study investigated whether kisspeptin signaling suppresses HRAS G12V -induced tumorigenic and metastatic phenotypes in NIH3T3 cells and examined the involvement of SP1-dependent transcription of N-cadherin. NIH3T3 cells expressing HRA","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.21873/anticanres.18291","pubmedId":"42527090","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.21873/anticanres.18291","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:05.393Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"f8e573fd-bed6-4614-b5bf-fd40e93fe9c2","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin 10 Inhibited the Proliferation, Migration, and Stemness of Esophageal Cancer Cells via Regulating the SIX1/Wnt/β-Catetin Signaling.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40192612/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin 10 Inhibited the Proliferation, Migration, and Stemness of Esophageal Cancer Cells via Regulating the SIX1/Wnt/β-Catetin Signaling.\" Abstract excerpt: Esophageal cancer (EC) treatment remains challenging due to the disease's aggressive nature, frequent late-stage diagnosis, and the need for effective multimodal therapies with minimal side effects. Kisspeptin-10, a naturally occurring neuropeptide and known GPR54 agonist, has been shown to significantly influence tumor growth and progression. However, its specific role in EC remains poorly unders","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1002/jbt.70244","pubmedId":"40192612","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=199, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/jbt.70244","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:05.506Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"f213bf1d-79fd-488a-8b12-d08d14db04aa","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin as a marker for male infertility: a comparative study of serum and seminal plasma kisspeptin between fertile and infertile men.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40936057/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin as a marker for male infertility: a comparative study of serum and seminal plasma kisspeptin between fertile and infertile men.\" Abstract excerpt: This study aimed to identify kisspeptin as a new marker for infertility in men with abnormal semen parameters by comparing serum and seminal plasma kisspeptin levels between fertile men and infertile men with normal and abnormal semen parameters. Fertile men (group A), infertile men with normal semen parameters (group B), and infertile men with abnormal semen parameters (group C) were recruited. F","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s10815-025-03644-w","pubmedId":"40936057","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=29, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s10815-025-03644-w","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:05.581Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"ea685b94-ba2e-40fa-b3b6-4ba1a30daf2a","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin control of hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian functions.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39864941/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin control of hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian functions.\" Abstract excerpt: The discovery of Kisspeptin (Kiss) has opened a new direction in research on neuroendocrine control of reproduction in vertebrates. Belonging to the RF amide family of peptides, Kiss and its cognate receptor Gpr54 (Kissr) have a long and complex evolutionary history. Multiple forms of Kiss and Kissr are identified in non-mammalian vertebrates, with the exception of birds, and monotreme mammals. Ho","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.06.005","pubmedId":"39864941","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=17, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/bs.vh.2024.06.005","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:05.701Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"d8dc5664-6283-4ed7-b98d-c8812b5ccfe2","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin system-physiology and clinical perspectives.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40446957/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin system-physiology and clinical perspectives.\" Abstract excerpt: To summarize the state of knowledge on kisspeptin, a factor that alters the migration properties of some types of cancer cell and also plays an important role in the control of the reproductive axis. PubMed search, identifying the most recent relevant information. This review describes the physiological aspects about the regulation of kisspeptin release and its place in the regulation of reproduct","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.ando.2025.101793","pubmedId":"40446957","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=39, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ando.2025.101793","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:05.773Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"40b0daec-17f9-4f69-b59d-f2a9fb2e1d23","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin-54 ameliorates chondrocyte senescence in osteoarthritis via SIRT3-mediated telomere protection and p53 acetylation inhibition.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41022004/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin-54 ameliorates chondrocyte senescence in osteoarthritis via SIRT3-mediated telomere protection and p53 acetylation inhibition.\" Abstract excerpt: Osteoarthritis (OA), characterized by chondrocyte senescence and oxidative stress, affects over 300 million people globally. Kisspeptin-54, a neuropeptide with pleiotropic protective effects, was investigated for its role in chondrocyte senescence and its underlying mechanisms. Oxidative stress and senescence were induced in primary mouse chondrocytes by treating them with TBHP. Kisspeptin-54 was ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2025.102562","pubmedId":"41022004","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=125, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.npep.2025.102562","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:05.845Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"92420c36-967b-424b-a1a4-ac64d7c2f4e7","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin-13 induces hyperalgesia and modulates the expression of opioid and glutamate receptors in mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40939812/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin-13 induces hyperalgesia and modulates the expression of opioid and glutamate receptors in mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptins are hypothalamic neuropeptides well known for their role in reproductive biology. Our previous results have demonstrated that kisspeptin-13 (KP-13) has pronociceptive and anti-opioid effects. In our present experiments, we investigated the effects of KP-13 on nociception under both physiological and inflammatory conditions, as well as on the gene expression of regions involved in media","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2025.174098","pubmedId":"40939812","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2025.174098","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:05.916Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"e261777e-d301-4d09-898a-a94ee2c9c9a4","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin participates in the positive reward state induced by paced mating and modulates sexual receptivity and paced mating behavior in female rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39637765/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin participates in the positive reward state induced by paced mating and modulates sexual receptivity and paced mating behavior in female rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin (Kp), a potent regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis, was recently shown to be involved in partner preference and sexual receptivity in females. Interestingly, Kp and its receptor (Kiss1r) are expressed in brain regions involved in the reward and motivation of reinforcing behaviors. Therefore, in the present study, we designed 3 experiments to determine the participation of","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105671","pubmedId":"39637765","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105671","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:06.032Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"4f73dca9-9b3d-4bfb-81fa-a89ee1f47e33","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin Suppresses the Growth of Primary Pterygial Cells via Inhibiting Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) Ligands in Microenvironment.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40555256/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin Suppresses the Growth of Primary Pterygial Cells via Inhibiting Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) Ligands in Microenvironment.\" Abstract excerpt: Pterygium is a prevalent ocular surface condition characterized by its extension toward the cornea at the corneoscleral junction. The etiology and development of pterygium are not fully understood. The discovery of new biomarkers may facilitate early intervention and the prevention of postoperative recurrence. Kisspeptin and GPR54 expression in pterygium were investigated in vivo by qPCR, Western ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1080/02713683.2025.2511866","pubmedId":"40555256","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=312, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/02713683.2025.2511866","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:06.104Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"9079bfd9-4999-406d-aef2-d5467b3eed72","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin-54 Restores Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity via GATA-4 in Ischemic Stroke.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40454669/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin-54 Restores Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity via GATA-4 in Ischemic Stroke.\" Abstract excerpt: Ischemic stroke damages the blood-brain barrier (BBB), worsening neuronal injury. Treatments to protect the BBB are limited. We evaluated the neurovascular protective capacity of Kisspeptin-54 in ischemic stroke using in&#xa0;vivo and in&#xa0;vitro models. In&#xa0;vivo, mice underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and cerebral infarct volume, neurological function, and blood-brain barri","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/cbdd.70134","pubmedId":"40454669","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=179, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/cbdd.70134","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:06.224Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"d936b6e7-50a0-4e42-b2f8-27b9337a4880","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin fiber and receptor distribution analysis suggests its potential role in central sensorial processing and behavioral state control.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40065551/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin fiber and receptor distribution analysis suggests its potential role in central sensorial processing and behavioral state control.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin (KP) signaling in the brain is defined by the anatomical distribution of KP-producing neurons, their fibers, receptors, and connectivity. Technological advances have prompted a re-evaluation of these chemoanatomical aspects, originally studied in the early years after the discovery of KP and its receptor Kiss1r. Previously, we characterized (Hern&#xe1;ndez et al. bioRxiv 2024) seven KP ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/jne.70007","pubmedId":"40065551","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/jne.70007","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:06.297Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"726c0131-1a66-4306-9d2a-ad116c1a2673","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin-dependent puberty onset triggered by increased Kiss1 and Pdyn expression in arcuate Tac3 neurons under reduced estrogen negative feedback and sufficient energy balance in female rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40947842/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin-dependent puberty onset triggered by increased Kiss1 and Pdyn expression in arcuate Tac3 neurons under reduced estrogen negative feedback and sufficient energy balance in female rats.\" Abstract excerpt: The pre-pubertal quiescence of pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion in mammals is considered due to repressed Kiss1 (encoding kisspeptin) expression in kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin A (KNDy) neurons. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of negative feedback levels of estradiol-17&#x3b2; (low E2) and energy balance on Kiss1, Tac3 (encoding neurokinin B), and Pdyn (en","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1159/000548403","pubmedId":"40947842","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=124, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1159/000548403","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:06.368Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"c08e81bb-748f-497a-b1e5-e00374cafee1","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin mediates the impact of chronic psychological stress on reproductive and metabolic dysregulation in polycystic ovary syndrome: evidence from human and rat models.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41430614/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin mediates the impact of chronic psychological stress on reproductive and metabolic dysregulation in polycystic ovary syndrome: evidence from human and rat models.\" Abstract excerpt: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and mental health disorders have high rates of co-occurrence. Although the precise pathophysiological mechanisms remain unknown, the observed changes in those conditions may be modulated by kisspeptin (Kiss1), a protein that regulates energy metabolism. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate whether Kiss1 plays an important role in linking dysfunctional repr","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s13048-025-01918-6","pubmedId":"41430614","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=223, totalMentions=11). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1186/s13048-025-01918-6","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:06.441Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"5f9a6bde-0bad-4bf5-8753-cb228ebeb223","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin isoforms: versatile players in reproduction and beyond.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40271959/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin isoforms: versatile players in reproduction and beyond.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin and its cognate G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), the kisspeptin-1 receptor (KISS-1R), are central to mammalian reproduction, regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. They are upstream regulators of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, a hallmark of the onset of puberty, subsequently tuning luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels and bringing ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1530/jme-25-0001","pubmedId":"40271959","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1530/jme-25-0001","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:06.556Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"d20bf502-c678-4956-83ae-1196e3c66abf","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin Retards Tumor Growth of Lewis Lung Carcinoma Cells Through p38 MAPK-mediated Senescence.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39740824/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin Retards Tumor Growth of Lewis Lung Carcinoma Cells Through p38 MAPK-mediated Senescence.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin has multifaceted roles in both normal and pathological conditions. Although lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer worldwide, the role of kisspeptin in lung cancer remains poorly understood. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of kisspeptin on lung cancer. Mouse LLC cells were used to examine kisspeptin's effect on cell growth and death. Analyses for apoptosis, cell cycl","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.21873/anticanres.17398","pubmedId":"39740824","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=13). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.21873/anticanres.17398","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:06.629Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"38a5307d-c1af-4c2a-a72a-3ce4cef88ebe","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin-10 Ameliorates Obesity-Diabetes with Diverse Effects on Ileal Enteroendocrine Cells and Pancreatic Islet Morphology in High-Fat Fed Female Mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41301510/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin-10 Ameliorates Obesity-Diabetes with Diverse Effects on Ileal Enteroendocrine Cells and Pancreatic Islet Morphology in High-Fat Fed Female Mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin is a neuropeptide recognised for a pivotal role within the reproductive system, but potentially important endocrine metabolic effects are less well understood. We examined effects of twice-daily intraperitoneal administration of saline vehicle or kisspeptin-10 (25 nmol/kg), for 21 days, on glucose homeostasis, energy balance, circulating hormones as well as the morphology-function of en","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3390/biom15111591","pubmedId":"41301510","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=11). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/biom15111591","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:06.746Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"2bfeb5f0-03cf-4fad-a34e-a5a9cd853f9b","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin Administration and mRNA Expression in Adult Syrian Hamsters.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40643513/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin Administration and mRNA Expression in Adult Syrian Hamsters.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin ( Kiss1 ) and kisspeptin 1 receptor ( Kiss1R ) are vital in regulating various functions across many species, primarily those relating to reproduction. The kisspeptin system has recently attracted clinical interest as a potential therapeutic treatment for patients with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. This study maps the distribution of Kiss1 and Kiss1R mRNA in the Syrian hamster fore","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3390/cells14130992","pubmedId":"40643513","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=13). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/cells14130992","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:06.817Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"958b7062-aff5-46d0-a390-16c468c2dbe8","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin Mitigates Hepatic De Novo Lipogenesis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40862768/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin Mitigates Hepatic De Novo Lipogenesis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.\" Abstract excerpt: The peptide hormone kisspeptin, signaling via its receptor, KISS1R, decreases hepatic steatosis and protects against metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Enhanced de novo lipogenesis (DNL) contributes to MASLD. Here, we investigated whether kisspeptin treatment in obese, diabetic mice directly attenuates DNL. DNL was assessed in kisspeptin-treated mouse livers, using a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3390/cells14161289","pubmedId":"40862768","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=20, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/cells14161289","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:06.890Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"013c55ea-62fa-491a-9d22-fef07cf0b5aa","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin and its Current Clinical Status-A Systematic Review.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38265397/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin and its Current Clinical Status-A Systematic Review.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin was initially known as metastin for its role in suppressing metastasis in melanoma and breast cancer. Later, based on its ability to stimulate GPR54, its importance in maintaining an intact hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis was recognised, which is the basis for the widespread application of the drug in several conditions such as secondary amenorrhea, regulation of puberty onset, ovar","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.2174/0109298673251224230919093656","pubmedId":"38265397","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2174/0109298673251224230919093656","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:10.108Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"e3f6f0c3-1720-4986-bd49-9d9274dcd091","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin administration may promote precopulatory behavior in male rats independently or supplementally to testosterone and contribute to proceptive behavior in female partners, reducing mating failure.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38643848/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin administration may promote precopulatory behavior in male rats independently or supplementally to testosterone and contribute to proceptive behavior in female partners, reducing mating failure.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin is a peptide that plays an important role through its effects on the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. It has also been implicated in sexual behavior. The present study investigated whether the relationship between kisspeptin and sexual behavior is independent of the HPG axis, i.e., testosterone. Sexual behavior was examined after the administration of kisspeptin to gonadally i","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114528","pubmedId":"38643848","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114528","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:06.966Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"60fe5756-cea3-4a5c-8369-8b18e1e963b8","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin prevents pregnancy loss by modulating the immune microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface in recurrent spontaneous abortion.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38414308/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin prevents pregnancy loss by modulating the immune microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface in recurrent spontaneous abortion.\" Abstract excerpt: Immune factors are crucial in the development of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). This study aimed to investigate whether kisspeptin regulates immune cells at the maternal-fetal interface and whether G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54) is involved in this process, through which it contributes to the pathogenesis of RSA. Normal pregnancy (NP) (CBA/J &#xd7; BALB/c) and RSA (CBA/J &#xd7; DBA/2","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1111/aji.13818","pubmedId":"38414308","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=127, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/aji.13818","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:07.080Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"2b0c799f-0491-4a2b-9c30-df1b7ec22f12","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin/KISS1R Signaling Modulates Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cell Migration.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38512807/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin/KISS1R Signaling Modulates Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cell Migration.\" Abstract excerpt: Airway remodeling is a cardinal feature of asthma, associated with increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) cell mass and upregulation of extracellular matrix deposition. Exaggerated ASM cell migration contributes to excessive ASM mass. Previously, we demonstrated the alleviating role of Kp (kisspeptin) receptor (KISS1R) activation by Kp-10 in mitogen (PDGF [platelet-derived growth factor])-induced hu","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1165/rcmb.2023-0469oc","pubmedId":"38512807","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=289, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1165/rcmb.2023-0469oc","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:07.152Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"12850406-78fb-4eca-a834-594ca4c37c62","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin signaling in astrocytes modulates the reproductive axis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38861336/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin signaling in astrocytes modulates the reproductive axis.\" Abstract excerpt: Reproduction is safeguarded by multiple, often cooperative, regulatory networks. Kisspeptin signaling, via KISS1R, plays a fundamental role in reproductive control, primarily by regulation of hypothalamic GnRH neurons. We disclose herein a pathway for direct kisspeptin actions in astrocytes that contributes to central reproductive modulation. Protein-protein interaction and ontology analyses of hy","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1172/jci172908","pubmedId":"38861336","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=81, totalMentions=13). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1172/jci172908","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:07.272Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"bbed2f14-9e7a-4e78-8d7a-724390bbf6b9","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin Regulates Cell Invasion and Migration in Endometrial Cancer.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38264268/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin Regulates Cell Invasion and Migration in Endometrial Cancer.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin (a product of the KISS1 gene and its receptor) plays an important role in obstetrics, gynecology, and cancer cell metastasis and behavior. In hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and placentation, Kisspeptin/Kisspeptin receptor affects hormone release and represses trophoblast invasion into maternal deciduae. Endometrial cancer is one of the common gynecological cancers and is usually ac","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1210/jendso/bvae001","pubmedId":"38264268","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=14). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/jendso/bvae001","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:07.345Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"99883bc5-b3a7-4509-8c97-d71a59e4fdba","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin Alleviates Human Hepatic Fibrogenesis by Inhibiting TGFβ Signaling in Hepatic Stellate Cells.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39404414/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin Alleviates Human Hepatic Fibrogenesis by Inhibiting TGFβ Signaling in Hepatic Stellate Cells.\" Abstract excerpt: The peptide hormone kisspeptin attenuates liver steatosis, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), and fibrosis in mouse models by signaling via the kisspeptin 1 receptor (KISS1R). However, whether kisspeptin impacts fibrogenesis in the human liver is not known. We investigated the impact of a potent kisspeptin analog (KPA) on fibrogenesis using human precision-cut liver slices (h","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.3390/cells13191651","pubmedId":"39404414","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=20, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/cells13191651","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:07.416Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"8925767a-ef0a-4e17-9ba8-727803a9e888","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin and Endometriosis-Is There a Link?","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39768606/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin and Endometriosis-Is There a Link?\" Abstract excerpt: This article presents a narrative review that explores the potential link between kisspeptin-a key regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis-and the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Kisspeptin plays a significant role in regulating reproductive functions by modulating the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which in turn stimulates the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.3390/jcm13247683","pubmedId":"39768606","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=82, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/jcm13247683","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:07.488Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"c36c1c44-cb04-490c-a77f-4a794fd834ab","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin neuron projections to oxytocin neurons are not necessary for parturition in the mouse.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37389617/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin neuron projections to oxytocin neurons are not necessary for parturition in the mouse.\" Abstract excerpt: Oxytocin is synthesized by hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) neurons and is released from the posterior pituitary gland to trigger uterine contractions during parturition. In rats, oxytocin neuron innervation by periventricular nucleus (PeN) kisspeptin neurons increases over pregnancy and intra-SON kisspeptin administration excites oxytocin neurons only in lat","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1007/s00429-023-02670-7","pubmedId":"37389617","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=280, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00429-023-02670-7","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:07.603Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"90cf7e31-6d90-4945-8b3a-b3a1e776fbb4","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin and lactational anestrus: Current understanding and future prospects.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37230188/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin and lactational anestrus: Current understanding and future prospects.\" Abstract excerpt: Lactational anestrus, characterized by the suppression of pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)/luteinizing hormone (LH) release, would be a strategic adaptation to ensure survival by avoiding pregnancy during lactation in mammals. In the present article, we first provide a current understanding of the central regulation of reproduction in mammals, i.e., a fundamental role of arcuate kis","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171026","pubmedId":"37230188","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=397, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171026","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:07.680Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"6ac96173-fd10-475f-ac3c-b3e4b4217e78","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin induces Kiss-1 and GnRH gene expression in mHypoA-55 hypothalamic cell models: Involvement of the ERK and PKA signaling pathways.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36933747/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin induces Kiss-1 and GnRH gene expression in mHypoA-55 hypothalamic cell models: Involvement of the ERK and PKA signaling pathways.\" Abstract excerpt: mHypoA-55 cells are kisspeptin-expressing neuronal cells originating from the arcuate nucleus of the mouse hypothalamus. These cells are called KNDy neurons because they co-express kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin A. In addition, they express gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Here, we found that kisspeptin 10 (KP10) increased Kiss-1 (encoding kisspeptin) and GnRH gene expression in kis","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114260","pubmedId":"36933747","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=20, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114260","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:07.798Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"32ddf767-7df1-43c7-90eb-1a9aac7901de","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin decreases the adverse effects of human ovarian vitrification by regulating ROS-related apoptotic occurrences.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37655529/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin decreases the adverse effects of human ovarian vitrification by regulating ROS-related apoptotic occurrences.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin is characterized as a neuropeptide with a pivotal function in female and male infertility, and its antioxidant properties have been demonstrated. In this study, the effects of kisspeptin on the improvement of the vitrification and thawing results of human ovarian tissues were investigated. In this work, 12 ovaries from patients who underwent hysterectomy were collected laparoscopically,","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1017/s0967199423000412","pubmedId":"37655529","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1017/s0967199423000412","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:07.869Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"a5973097-8da6-44fe-be68-cef2f4a55c57","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin-10 increases collagen content in the myocardium by focal adhesion kinase activity.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37968564/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin-10 increases collagen content in the myocardium by focal adhesion kinase activity.\" Abstract excerpt: The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of kisspeptin-10 (KiSS-10) in the regulation of collagen content in cardiac fibroblasts. An attempt was also made to describe the mechanism of the effect of KiSS-10 on collagen metabolism. The studies indicate that kisspeptin-10 significantly increases the content of intracellular collagen in the myocardium. KiSS-10 also elevates the level of phosphory","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-023-47224-3","pubmedId":"37968564","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=49, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41598-023-47224-3","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:07.940Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"d9d1fa2f-82aa-4ffe-8dfa-ede6a644ee5c","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of ovary granulosa cells in polycystic ovary syndrome by modulating the PI3K/AKT/ERK signalling pathway.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36627631/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of ovary granulosa cells in polycystic ovary syndrome by modulating the PI3K/AKT/ERK signalling pathway.\" Abstract excerpt: The development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is closely correlated with apoptosis and oxidative stress in ovarian granulosa cells. Kisspeptin plays an important role in reproductive organ function. This study aimed to explore the role of kisspeptin in PCOS and oxidative stress-triggered apoptosis of ovarian granular cells. A PCOS rat model was established by injecting dehydroepiandrosterone","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1186/s12905-022-02154-6","pubmedId":"36627631","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=138, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1186/s12905-022-02154-6","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:08.012Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"7b42d8e0-1b27-4544-829a-182cd11ecc90","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin Suppresses Inflammasome-NLRP3 Activation and Pyroptosis Caused by Hypothyroidism at the Maternal-Fetal Interface of Rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37047793/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin Suppresses Inflammasome-NLRP3 Activation and Pyroptosis Caused by Hypothyroidism at the Maternal-Fetal Interface of Rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Gestational diseases such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes cause inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in the placenta and changes in placental kisspeptin levels. Although maternal hypothyroidism also reduces the kisspeptin/Kiss1R system at the maternal-fetal interface, there is still no information on whether this dysfunction causes inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in the placenta ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3390/ijms24076820","pubmedId":"37047793","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=153, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/ijms24076820","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:08.129Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"3bd662e8-28f2-4d20-9a96-fb2d433a9b1a","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin-10 in cryodiluent improves the post-thaw quality of Nili-Ravi buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bull spermatozoa.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36054451/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin-10 in cryodiluent improves the post-thaw quality of Nili-Ravi buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bull spermatozoa.\" Abstract excerpt: Effects of kisspeptin-10 as antioxidant in cryodiluent were evaluated on post-thaw quality of buffalo spermatozoa. Qualified semen samples from five bulls were pooled, divided into five aliquots and extended in Tris-citric acid cryodiluent containing differential doses of kisspeptin-10 (5, 10, 15, and 20 &#x3bc;mol L -1 and negative control. Extended sperm suspension was cooled to 4&#xb0;C, packag","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1111/and.14564","pubmedId":"36054451","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=11, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/and.14564","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:08.201Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"9755b776-023e-4542-a5aa-1de09247dd5c","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin Directly Excites Anorexigenic Proopiomelanocortin Neurons but Inhibits Orexigenic Neuropeptide Y Cells by an Indirect Synaptic Mechanism","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2098-10.2010","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin Directly Excites Anorexigenic Proopiomelanocortin Neurons but Inhibits Orexigenic Neuropeptide Y Cells by an Indirect Synaptic Mechanism\" Abstract excerpt: The neuropeptide kisspeptin is necessary for reproduction, fertility, and puberty. Here, we show strong kisspeptin innervation of hypothalamic anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) cells, coupled with a robust direct excitatory response by POMC neurons (n &gt; 200) to kisspeptin, mediated by mechanisms based on activation of a sodium/calcium exchanger and possibly opening of nonselective cation ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.2098-10.2010","pubmedId":"20668204","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=17, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2098-10.2010","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:09.702Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"b5966180-4547-4d7d-8c48-a3ce28f5bf39","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin increases GnRH mRNA expression and secretion in GnRH secreting neuronal cell lines","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2009.06.011","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin increases GnRH mRNA expression and secretion in GnRH secreting neuronal cell lines\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptins, and their G-protein coupled receptor 54 (GPR54), are key components in the regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion in humans and other mammals. Several studies demonstrate that the central or systemic administration of kisspeptin increases GnRH and gonadotropin secretion in both prepubertal and adult animals; however, the cellular targets and intracellular mechan","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1016/j.mce.2009.06.011","pubmedId":"19576263","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.mce.2009.06.011","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:09.772Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"58a89798-e1a6-4af7-9bcd-7650565a5d41","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin Depolarizes Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons through Activation of TRPC-Like Cationic Channels","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.5352-07.2008","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin Depolarizes Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons through Activation of TRPC-Like Cationic Channels\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin and its cognate receptor, GPR54, are critical for reproductive development and for the regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. Although kisspeptin has been found to depolarize GnRH neurons, the underlying ionic mechanism has not been elucidated. Presently, we found that kisspeptin depolarized GnRH neurons in a concentration-dependent manner with a maximum depolari","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.5352-07.2008","pubmedId":"18434521","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5352-07.2008","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:09.893Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"88e2c02f-accf-4e6e-ac45-d2be23524153","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin immunoreactive cells of the ovine preoptic area and arcuate nucleus co-express estrogen receptor alpha","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2006.03.039","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin immunoreactive cells of the ovine preoptic area and arcuate nucleus co-express estrogen receptor alpha\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptins are peptide ligands of the G protein-coupled receptor GPR54, recently shown to be essential to reproductive function. We have raised specific rabbit antisera against a highly conserved 10 amino acid-amidated peptide (kp10) common to all kisspeptin isoforms isolated so far and mapped the distribution of kp10-immunoreactive (ir) cells in the ovine hypothalamus. Kp10-ir cells were predomi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1016/j.neulet.2006.03.039","pubmedId":"16621281","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2006.03.039","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:09.965Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"ceefb096-0c0f-4d53-86e6-f450c3795f56","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin directly stimulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone release via G protein-coupled receptor 54","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0409330102","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin directly stimulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone release via G protein-coupled receptor 54\" Abstract excerpt: We have recently described a molecular gatekeeper of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis with the observation that G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54) is required in mice and men for the pubertal onset of pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion to occur. In the present study, we investigate the possible central mode of action of GPR54 and kisspepti","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1073/pnas.0409330102","pubmedId":"15665093","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=391, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1073/pnas.0409330102","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:10.036Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"34a36068-ce75-4fd5-b5c2-7e9008afde3f","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The role of kisspeptin neurons in reproduction and metabolism","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/joe-18-0108","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The role of kisspeptin neurons in reproduction and metabolism\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin is a neuropeptide with a critical role in the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Kisspeptin is produced by two major populations of neurons located in the hypothalamus, the rostral periventricular region of the third ventricle (RP3V) and arcuate nucleus (ARC). These neurons project to and activate gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons (acting via the kis","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1530/joe-18-0108","pubmedId":"30042117","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1r protein, mouse\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1530/joe-18-0108","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:53.558Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"ebd088ab-1450-4dd9-8768-7e2ec98a1861","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin is elevated in the brain after intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39738446/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin is elevated in the brain after intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke.\" Abstract excerpt: Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is the most severe subtype of stroke, with a 2-year mortality of nearly 50% and the greatest rate of disability amongst stroke survivors. Whilst treatment options for ICH remain limited, the condition requires prompt identification and rapid intervention to reduce permanent brain damage, with diagnosis traditionally confirmed by CT imaging. Although imaging is excel","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-024-83514-0","pubmedId":"39738446","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41598-024-83514-0","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:45.426Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"9c7050ee-0ed8-47d7-9712-7ed0857d0517","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"GPR54 and kisspeptin in reproduction","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dml023","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"GPR54 and kisspeptin in reproduction\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptins, the peptide products of the KiSS-1 gene, were identified in 2001 as natural ligands of the previously orphan G protein-coupled receptor, GPR54. They include, among others, metastin and kisspeptin-10. The known biological functions of kisspeptins were initially restricted to their ability to suppress tumour metastasis, hence the name of metastin. However, in late 2003, two groups indep","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1093/humupd/dml023","pubmedId":"16731583","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/humupd/dml023","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:52.219Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"8830d413-f30e-473f-90c7-1506920eed25","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin-10/basal LH ratio improves differentiation of central precocious puberty and premature thelarche.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364891/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin-10/basal LH ratio improves differentiation of central precocious puberty and premature thelarche.\" Abstract excerpt: Distinguishing idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) from premature thelarche (PT) remains a clinical challenge and often necessitates GnRH stimulation testing. Kisspeptin-10 (Kp-10), Neurokinin B (NKB), and Neuropeptide Y (NPY) are key regulators of GnRH secretion and may serve as surrogate biomarkers. We evaluated whether these neuropeptides, alone or in combination with basal gonadotropi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2027,"doi":"10.1016/j.cca.2026.121207","pubmedId":"42364891","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.cca.2026.121207","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:45.063Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"a7ea30ac-aab8-487a-b179-0fecb3030401","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin Neurons as Integrative Hub: Cross-Talk of HPO-HPT-HPA Axes in Perimenopausal Reproductive Health.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41721211/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin Neurons as Integrative Hub: Cross-Talk of HPO-HPT-HPA Axes in Perimenopausal Reproductive Health.\" Abstract excerpt: This study methodically examines the mechanisms of interaction of these neuroendocrine axes in perimenopausal women and their overall effects on their reproductive health. The results show that the dysfunction of the HPT axis is closely related to depression and anxiety, whereas HPA axis hyperactivity inhibits HPO axis functioning and results in reproductive dysfunction. Thyroid hormones indirectl","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1002/cph4.70115","pubmedId":"41721211","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/cph4.70115","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:45.135Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"c77c53ed-0a40-41f1-8f68-5af546675ad0","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin-10 Protects Against TNF-α-Induced Chondrocyte Senescence via the SIRT1/p53/p21 Signaling.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40400312/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin-10 Protects Against TNF-α-Induced Chondrocyte Senescence via the SIRT1/p53/p21 Signaling.\" Abstract excerpt: In Osteoarthritis (OA), the senescence of chondrocytes plays a pivotal role, contributing to cartilage degradation and impairing tissue repair mechanisms. (Kp-10), a peptide hormone, exerts diverse biological functions across multiple cell types and tissues via its receptor Gpr54. However, its role in chondrocytes and OA has been understudied. This study investigates the role of Kp-10 in mitigatin","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1002/jbt.70298","pubmedId":"40400312","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/jbt.70298","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:45.206Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"91587328-fe56-489d-8357-9a70aa2c33d2","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Metastin/Kisspeptin and control of estrous cycle in rats","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-007-9032-6","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Metastin/Kisspeptin and control of estrous cycle in rats\" Abstract excerpt: Estrous cyclicity is controlled by a cascade of neuroendocrine events, involving the activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis. Two modes of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) are well established to regulate the estrous cycle: one is a tonic or pulse mode of secretion which is responsible for the stimulation of follicular development and steroidogenesis; the other is a surge mode, w","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1007/s11154-007-9032-6","pubmedId":"17377846","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, rat\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s11154-007-9032-6","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:45.716Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"edc9c3e8-24a1-46fb-ac2b-b75171ffa673","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin-10 Improves Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Symptoms in Rats by Suppressing Insulin Resistance in Placental Trophoblast Cells by Activating the Cyclic AMP/Protein Kinase A Pathway.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40944385/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin-10 Improves Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Symptoms in Rats by Suppressing Insulin Resistance in Placental Trophoblast Cells by Activating the Cyclic AMP/Protein Kinase A Pathway.\" Abstract excerpt: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication that leads to insulin resistance (IR) and adversely affects both maternal and fetal health. Kisspeptin-10 (Kp-10), a peptide acting via G Protein-Coupled Receptor 54 (Gpr54), has shown potential in modulating insulin secretion, but its role in GDM remains unclear. This study explores Kp-10's therapeutic effects on GDM by target","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/cbdd.70169","pubmedId":"40944385","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/cbdd.70169","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:45.279Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"293541e0-7a2e-4e43-9ecf-83804bc93bce","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin-10 Prevents the Development of Cerebral Aneurysms by Reducing the Expression of Egr-1.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40384564/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin-10 Prevents the Development of Cerebral Aneurysms by Reducing the Expression of Egr-1.\" Abstract excerpt: Cerebral aneurysms (CAs) are a prevalent brain condition with poorly understood pathological features. The Kisspeptin-10 (KP-10)/G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54) system is a vital neuroendocrine pathway primarily implicated in the regulation of reproductive functions and energy metabolism. This research explores the role of the KP-10/GPR54 system in CAs. Serum levels of KP-10 in CA patients a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/cns.70413","pubmedId":"40384564","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/cns.70413","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:45.356Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"b53169de-54f0-40aa-b671-9e7a14adc22f","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin in functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: Pathophysiology and therapeutic potential.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39287750/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin in functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: Pathophysiology and therapeutic potential.\" Abstract excerpt: Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) is one of the most common causes of secondary amenorrhea, resulting in anovulation and infertility, and is a low estrogen state that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and impairs bone health. FHA is characterized by acquired suppression of physiological pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release by the hypothalamus in the absence of ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1111/nyas.15220","pubmedId":"39287750","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/nyas.15220","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:45.497Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"bbd2a4eb-efc0-4d8a-801b-7eee09cfeaa0","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin upregulates β-cell serotonin production during pregnancy.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37997938/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin upregulates β-cell serotonin production during pregnancy.\" Abstract excerpt: During pregnancy the maternal pancreatic islets of Langerhans undergo adaptive changes to compensate for gestational insulin resistance. The lactogenic hormones are well established to play a key role in regulating the islet adaptation to pregnancy, and one of the mechanisms through which they act is through upregulating &#x3b2;-cell serotonin production. During pregnancy islet serotonin levels ar","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1530/joe-23-0218","pubmedId":"37997938","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1530/joe-23-0218","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:45.571Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"a0673661-acb8-437c-822a-ec49d40e15d2","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin and GnRH Pulse Generation","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6199-9_14","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin and GnRH Pulse Generation\" Abstract excerpt: The reproductive neuropeptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) has two modes of secretion. Besides the surge mode, which induces ovulation in females, the pulse mode of GnRH release is essential to cause various reproductive events in both sexes, such as spermatogenesis, follicular development, and sex steroid synthesis. Some environmental cues control gonadal activities through modulating Gn","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-6199-9_14","pubmedId":"23550012","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6199-9_14","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:45.642Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"200b0777-aefc-448c-92e9-dca07f199567","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin-10 regulates glycosaminoglycan and decorin content in human cardiac fibroblast cultures.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42159865/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin-10 regulates glycosaminoglycan and decorin content in human cardiac fibroblast cultures.\" Abstract excerpt: Cardiac fibroblasts play a key role in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling through the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans (PGs), such as decorin; however, the effects of kisspeptin-10 (KiSS-10) on these components in the heart remain unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of KiSS-10 on glycosaminoglycan and decorin content in human cardiac fibroblast cultur","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s43440-026-00870-6","pubmedId":"42159865","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s43440-026-00870-6","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:45.790Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"39ed3951-8521-4f16-8e4e-ac9391b104e4","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptins and Reproduction: Physiological Roles and Regulatory Mechanisms","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00037.2010","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptins and Reproduction: Physiological Roles and Regulatory Mechanisms\" Abstract excerpt: Procreation is essential for survival of species. Not surprisingly, complex neuronal networks have evolved to mediate the diverse internal and external environmental inputs that regulate reproduction in vertebrates. Ultimately, these regulatory factors impinge, directly or indirectly, on a final common pathway, the neurons producing the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates pitui","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1152/physrev.00037.2010","pubmedId":"22811428","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1152/physrev.00037.2010","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:45.863Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"887c3b95-518b-4be8-8c8e-139a86635d43","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin-10-Induced Signaling of GPR54 Negatively Regulates Chemotactic Responses Mediated by CXCR4: a Potential Mechanism for the Metastasis Suppressor Activity of Kisspeptins","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-1757","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin-10-Induced Signaling of GPR54 Negatively Regulates Chemotactic Responses Mediated by CXCR4: a Potential Mechanism for the Metastasis Suppressor Activity of Kisspeptins\" Abstract excerpt: The product of the KiSS-1 gene is absent or expressed at low level in metastatic melanoma and breast cancer compared with their nonmetastatic counterparts. A polypeptide derived from the KiSS-1 product, designated kisspeptin-10 (Kp-10), activates a receptor coupled to Galphaq subunits (GPR54 or KiSS-1R). To study the mechanism by which Kp-10 antagonizes metastatic spread, the effect on CXCR4-media","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-1757","pubmedId":"16288036","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-1757","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:45.938Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"916990b1-64cb-474e-91bd-f6a5a7a8ff62","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin and neurokinin B neuroendocrine pathways in the control of human ovulation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38404024/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin and neurokinin B neuroendocrine pathways in the control of human ovulation.\" Abstract excerpt: The roles of initially kisspeptin and subsequently neurokinin B pathways in the regulation of human reproduction through the control of GnRH secretion were first identified 20 years ago, as essential for the onset of puberty in both boys and girls. Within that short time we already now have the first licence for clinical use for a neurokinin antagonist in a related indication, for menopausal vasom","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1111/jne.13371","pubmedId":"38404024","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/jne.13371","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:46.010Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"9caf75ec-9906-4d3f-9605-78990860d54e","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin as a predictor of miscarriage: a systematic review.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37015836/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin as a predictor of miscarriage: a systematic review.\" Abstract excerpt: A highly accurate serum marker for predicting viable pregnancy needs to be developed. Recent studies have demonstrated that kisspeptin is a potential biomarker for this purpose. This systematic review evaluated the available data in the literature on the role of kisspeptin as a miscarriage biomarker. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databa","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1080/14767058.2023.2197097","pubmedId":"37015836","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/14767058.2023.2197097","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:46.084Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"510445e0-7a44-4b05-a409-845930dac688","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin levels in infertile and miscarried women: a cross-sectional study on the relationship with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms and biochemical parameters.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41124561/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin levels in infertile and miscarried women: a cross-sectional study on the relationship with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms and biochemical parameters.\" Abstract excerpt: Low kisspeptin levels are observed in those with reproductive difficulties. This study was designed to examine and compare kisspeptin levels in women with infertility and miscarriages. Moreover, the aim of this study was to evaluate the possible relationship between kisspeptin levels and the C677T and A1298C polymorphisms of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene, as well as certain biochemi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1590/1806-9282.20250716","pubmedId":"41124561","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1590/1806-9282.20250716","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:46.231Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"e716e463-e442-4164-9b78-031c38ee1997","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin and mammalian reproduction.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39306000/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin and mammalian reproduction.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171297","pubmedId":"39306000","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171297","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:46.311Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"3e242bbd-af36-459f-9183-ed3de1868af6","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptins and the neuroendocrine control of reproduction: Recent progress and new frontiers in kisspeptin research","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100977","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptins and the neuroendocrine control of reproduction: Recent progress and new frontiers in kisspeptin research\" Abstract excerpt: In late 2003, a major breakthrough in our understanding of the mechanisms that govern reproduction occurred with the identification of the reproductive roles of kisspeptins, encoded by the Kiss1 gene, and their receptor, Gpr54 (aka, Kiss1R). The discovery of this unsuspected reproductive facet attracted an extraordinary interest and boosted an intense research activity, in human and model species,","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100977","pubmedId":"34999056","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100977","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:46.383Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"cb68b1c0-6174-45ad-b1b0-a1ded27eb3f0","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin and GnRH interactions in the reproductive brain of teleosts","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113568","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin and GnRH interactions in the reproductive brain of teleosts\" Abstract excerpt: It is well known that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gnrh) has a key role in reproduction by regulating the synthesis and release of gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary gland of all vertebrates. About 25&#xa0;years ago, another neuropeptide, kisspeptin (Kiss1) was discovered as a metastasis suppressor of melanoma cell lines and then found to be essential for mammalian reproduction as a stim","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113568","pubmedId":"32710898","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113568","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:46.461Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"898e7108-fad9-4fc4-a123-3280894d18f8","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin and Testicular Function—Is It Necessary?","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21082958","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin and Testicular Function—Is It Necessary?\" Abstract excerpt: The role of kisspeptin in stimulating hypothalamic GnRH is undisputed. However, the role of kisspeptin signaling in testicular function is less clear. The testes are essential for male reproduction through their functions of spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis. Our review focused on the current literature investigating the distribution, regulation and effects of kisspeptin and its receptor (KISS1/","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.3390/ijms21082958","pubmedId":"32331420","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/ijms21082958","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:46.537Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"a2ff77cc-7e14-4c10-ac0c-85364008557e","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin and LH pulsatile temporal coupling in PCOS patients","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-018-1609-1","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin and LH pulsatile temporal coupling in PCOS patients\" Abstract excerpt: To evaluate the temporal coupling between spontaneous kisspeptin and luteinizing hormone (LH) pulsatile releases in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. We examined 71 patients diagnosed with PCOS. A 2 h pulsatility study was performed to evaluate serum kisspeptin and LH pulse frequency and concentration, sampled every 10 min; baseline follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), prol","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1007/s12020-018-1609-1","pubmedId":"29728876","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s12020-018-1609-1","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:46.615Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"929dc280-0850-46d7-9876-ec8224a1f7a2","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin modulates sexual and emotional brain processing in humans","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1172/jci89519","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin modulates sexual and emotional brain processing in humans\" Abstract excerpt: Sex, emotion, and reproduction are fundamental and tightly entwined aspects of human behavior. At a population level in humans, both the desire for sexual stimulation and the desire to bond with a partner are important precursors to reproduction. However, the relationships between these processes are incompletely understood. The limbic brain system has key roles in sexual and emotional behaviors, ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1172/jci89519","pubmedId":"28112678","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1172/jci89519","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:46.687Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"b1683807-3669-4877-b628-31428753ff6f","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptins, Estrogens and Male Fertility","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867323666160902155434","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptins, Estrogens and Male Fertility\" Abstract excerpt: The control of male fertility requires accurate endocrine, paracrine and autocrine communications along the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis. In this respect, the possible interplay between upcoming/classical modulators of reproductive functions deserves attention in that may be a successful tool for the future exploitation of new potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of fertility ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.2174/0929867323666160902155434","pubmedId":"27593959","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1R protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2174/0929867323666160902155434","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:46.763Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"ccb24b91-140a-4a6b-9925-49bb93169df6","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin signaling in the amygdala modulates reproductive hormone secretion","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-015-1024-9","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin signaling in the amygdala modulates reproductive hormone secretion\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin (encoded by KISS1) is a crucial activator of reproductive function. The role of kisspeptin has been studied extensively within the hypothalamus but little is known about its significance in other areas of the brain. KISS1 and its cognate receptor are expressed in the amygdala, a key limbic brain structure with inhibitory projections to hypothalamic centers involved in gonadotropin secre","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1007/s00429-015-1024-9","pubmedId":"25758403","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, rat\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00429-015-1024-9","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:46.839Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"a3f20361-2938-4c54-ab6e-93804af26bcb","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin Antagonists Reveal Kisspeptin 1 and Kisspeptin 2 Differential Regulation of Reproduction in the Teleost, Morone saxatilis1","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.115.131870","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin Antagonists Reveal Kisspeptin 1 and Kisspeptin 2 Differential Regulation of Reproduction in the Teleost, Morone saxatilis1\" Abstract excerpt: The importance of kisspeptin in regulating vertebrate reproduction has been well established, but the exact mechanism continues to unfold. Unlike mammals, many lower vertebrates possess a dual kisspeptin system, Kiss1 and Kiss2. To decipher the roles of the kisspeptins in fish, we identified two potential kisspeptin antagonists, pep 234 and pep 359, by screening analogs for their ability to inacti","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1095/biolreprod.115.131870","pubmedId":"26246220","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1095/biolreprod.115.131870","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:46.916Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"c882110a-1d9f-4bd8-9148-0d43209d47cd","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin signalling and its roles in humans","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2015183","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin signalling and its roles in humans\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptins are a group of peptide fragments encoded by the KISS1 gene in humans. They bind to kisspeptin receptors with equal efficacy. Kisspeptins and their receptors are expressed by neurons in the arcuate and anteroventral periventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. Oestrogen mediates negative feedback of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone secretion via the arcuate nucleus. Conversely, it exerts ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.11622/smedj.2015183","pubmedId":"26702158","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.11622/smedj.2015183","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:46.990Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"e34aaf4f-2c40-4386-b68e-c58ddb474eb7","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin: Beyond the Brain","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2014-1915","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin: Beyond the Brain\" Abstract excerpt: The hypothalamic-based kisspeptin-signaling system is a major positive regulator of the neuroendocrine-reproductive axis in mammals. During the last decade, major advances have been made in understanding how this signaling system is regulated and how it can be manipulated clinically to achieve beneficial outcomes in treating sex steroid-dependent disorders. Interestingly, kisspeptin was not first ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1210/en.2014-1915","pubmedId":"25590245","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1r protein, mouse\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2014-1915","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:47.063Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"84cf5aeb-6152-461d-be71-28eca50a8909","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin and Puberty in Mammals","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6199-9_12","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin and Puberty in Mammals\" Abstract excerpt: Since the discovery of the G-protein coupled receptor 54 (kisspeptin receptor) and its ligand, kisspeptin, our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms that govern the pituitary-gonadal axis has evolved dramatically. In this chapter, we have reviewed progress regarding the relationship between kisspeptin and puberty, and have proposed a novel hypothesis for the role of kisspeptin signaling ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-6199-9_12","pubmedId":"23550010","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6199-9_12","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:47.139Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"d79fa604-b9eb-43b0-abfb-f2f89866d3aa","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin and energy balance in reproduction","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/rep-13-0509","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin and energy balance in reproduction\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin is vital for the neuroendocrine regulation of GNRH secretion. Kisspeptin neurons are now recognized as a central pathway responsible for conveying key homeostatic information to GNRH neurons. This pathway is likely to mediate the well-established link between energy balance and reproductive function. Thus, in states of severely altered energy balance (either negative or positive), ferti","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1530/rep-13-0509","pubmedId":"24327738","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1530/rep-13-0509","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:47.211Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"989e3c18-7d14-440d-81ca-03feb3898f8f","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptins in Reproductive Biology: Consensus Knowledge and Recent Developments1","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.111.091538","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptins in Reproductive Biology: Consensus Knowledge and Recent Developments1\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptins, a family of neuropeptides encoded by the Kiss1 gene that are mainly expressed in discrete neuronal populations of the hypothalamus, have recently emerged as essential upstream regulatory elements of GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) neurons and, thereby, potent elicitors of gonadotropin secretion. Indeed, kisspeptins are now recognized as important regulators of key aspects of the","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1095/biolreprod.111.091538","pubmedId":"21677307","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1095/biolreprod.111.091538","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:47.288Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"767d47a2-6fa4-4219-affc-b7603f759cb0","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin Is Essential for the Full Preovulatory LH Surge and Stimulates GnRH Release from the Isolated Ovine Median Eminence","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2010-1225","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin Is Essential for the Full Preovulatory LH Surge and Stimulates GnRH Release from the Isolated Ovine Median Eminence\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptins are the product of the Kiss1 gene and potently stimulate GnRH secretion. In sheep, Kiss1 mRNA-expressing cells are found in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and dorsal-lateral preoptic area and both appear to mediate the positive feedback effect of estradiol to generate the preovulatory GnRH/LH surge. To determine the role of kisspeptin in transmitting estrogen-positive feedback in the hypoth","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1210/en.2010-1225","pubmedId":"21239443","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2010-1225","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:47.363Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"8d5f6cc9-d012-4e64-acfc-bbefc0e66c1c","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin Resets the Hypothalamic GnRH Clock in Men","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2010-3046","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin Resets the Hypothalamic GnRH Clock in Men\" Abstract excerpt: Reproduction in all mammals is controlled by a hypothalamic clock that produces periodic secretory pulses of GnRH, but how the timing of these pulses is determined is poorly understood. The neuropeptide kisspeptin potently and selectively stimulates the secretion of GnRH. Although this property of kisspeptin is well described, the effects of kisspeptin on endogenous GnRH pulse generation remain la","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2010-3046","pubmedId":"21470997","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/jc.2010-3046","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:47.439Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"fddc59e5-3451-442b-8077-5a5c2c92d447","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin-10 Is a Potent Stimulator of LH and Increases Pulse Frequency in Men","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-0089","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin-10 Is a Potent Stimulator of LH and Increases Pulse Frequency in Men\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptins stimulate GnRH and thus gonadotropin secretion. Kisspeptin-10 is the minimal kisspeptin sequence with full intrinsic bioactivity, but it has not been studied in man. We investigated our hypothesis that kisspeptin-10 increases GnRH and thus LH pulse frequency. The dose response of kisspeptin-10 was investigated by administering iv bolus doses (0.01-3.0 &#x3bc;g/kg) and vehicle to health","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2011-0089","pubmedId":"21632807","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/jc.2011-0089","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:47.512Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"a4a6e2a2-a63e-4b07-82d0-9d474b137ad9","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptins: Bridging energy homeostasis and reproduction","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2010.08.057","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptins: Bridging energy homeostasis and reproduction\" Abstract excerpt: Body energy reserves and metabolic state are relevant modifiers of puberty onset and fertility; forms of metabolic stress ranging from persistent energy insufficiency to morbid obesity are frequently linked to reproductive disorders. The mechanisms for such a close connection between energy balance and reproduction have been the subject of considerable attention; however, our understanding of the ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2010.08.057","pubmedId":"20800054","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.08.057","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:47.589Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"adfe512f-15bf-4b6e-8928-e5ad60244539","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin antagonists: Unraveling the role of kisspeptin in reproductive physiology","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.044","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin antagonists: Unraveling the role of kisspeptin in reproductive physiology\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin has recently been identified as a key neuroendocrine gatekeeper of reproduction and is essential for the initiation of human puberty and maintenance of adult reproduction. Kisspeptin neurons appear to be integrative sensors, as they respond to changes in numerous internal and external factors including nutrient and fat status, stress and sex steroids, thus providing a link between these","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.044","pubmedId":"20858467","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.044","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:47.663Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"bf839c6b-a3a9-4d94-a85c-81d93f88b58a","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin Regulates Prolactin Release through Hypothalamic Dopaminergic Neurons","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2009-1414","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin Regulates Prolactin Release through Hypothalamic Dopaminergic Neurons\" Abstract excerpt: Prolactin (PRL) is tonically inhibited by dopamine (DA) released from neurons in the arcuate and periventricular nuclei. Kisspeptin plays a pivotal role in LH regulation. In rodents, kisspeptin neurons are found mostly in the anteroventral periventricular and arcuate nuclei, but the physiology of arcuate kisspeptin neurons is not completely understood. We investigated the role of kisspeptin in the","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1210/en.2009-1414","pubmedId":"20410200","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2009-1414","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:47.739Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"7928e300-7c38-4d61-a9ca-cf35577daa02","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin and fertility","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1677/joe-10-0265","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin and fertility\" Abstract excerpt: The kisspeptins are a family of peptide hormones, which in recent years have been shown to play a critical role in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, thus in turn influencing fertility and reproduction. This review examines the physiological role of kisspeptin and the kisspeptin receptor in the control of gonadotrophin and gonadal steroid hormone secretion and the implicati","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1677/joe-10-0265","pubmedId":"21084385","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1677/joe-10-0265","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:47.815Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"798412fc-fd8f-45d3-9565-55804fe8378e","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin Signaling in the Brain","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2009-0005","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin Signaling in the Brain\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin (a product of the Kiss1 gene) and its receptor (GPR54 or Kiss1r) have emerged as key players in the regulation of reproduction. Mutations in humans or genetically targeted deletions in mice of either Kiss1 or Kiss1r cause profound hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Neurons that express Kiss1/kisspeptin are found in discrete nuclei in the hypothalamus, as well as other brain regions in many ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1210/er.2009-0005","pubmedId":"19770291","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/er.2009-0005","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:47.891Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"905678e9-8a10-4700-b0d2-2cb65cb9c8bb","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptins and the control of gonadotropin secretion in male and female rodents","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2008.08.009","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptins and the control of gonadotropin secretion in male and female rodents\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptins, the products of KiSS-1 gene acting via G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54), have recently emerged as fundamental gatekeepers of gonadal function by virtue of their ability to stimulate gonadotropin secretion. Indeed, since the original disclosure of the reproductive facet of the KiSS-1/GPR54 system, an ever-growing number of studies have substantiated the extraordinary potency of ki","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2008.08.009","pubmedId":"18793689","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, mouse\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2008.08.009","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:47.963Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"9cf8e442-9adc-42d5-8188-4dee94eb5c14","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin and GPR54: Discovery of a Novel Pathway in Reproduction","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.2008.01731.x","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin and GPR54: Discovery of a Novel Pathway in Reproduction\" Abstract excerpt: In order to find novel modulators of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, genetic tools were employed in patients with idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (IHH). Mutations in a G-protein coupled receptor, GPR54, were identified, making this receptor a genetic determinant and indisputable gatekeeper of normal reproductive function. This article places these investigations into hi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2826.2008.01731.x","pubmedId":"18601695","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2008.01731.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:48.039Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"25adc034-c643-4ead-bb3e-46891a80a232","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin Can Stimulate Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Release by a Direct Action at GnRH Nerve Terminals","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2007-1487","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin Can Stimulate Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Release by a Direct Action at GnRH Nerve Terminals\" Abstract excerpt: The G protein-coupled receptor GPR54, and its peptide ligand kisspeptin (Kp), are crucial for the induction and maintenance of mammalian reproductive function. GPR54 is expressed by GnRH neurons and is directly activated by Kp to stimulate GnRH release. We hypothesized that Kp may be able to act at the GnRH nerve terminals located in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) region. To test this hypothesi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1210/en.2007-1487","pubmedId":"18450966","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2007-1487","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:48.115Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"546b7ed5-5aea-46e3-8526-fa54709727f6","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin Excites Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons through a Phospholipase C/Calcium-Dependent Pathway Regulating Multiple Ion Channels","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2008-0321","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin Excites Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons through a Phospholipase C/Calcium-Dependent Pathway Regulating Multiple Ion Channels\" Abstract excerpt: The present study used perforated-patch electrophysiology and calcium imaging in GnRH transgenic mouse lines to determine the mechanisms underlying the potent excitatory effects of kisspeptin upon GnRH neurons in the acute brain slice preparation. Kisspeptin (100 nm) depolarized (6 +/- 1 mV) and/or evoked an 87 +/- 4% increase in firing rate of 75% of adult GnRH neurons (n = 51). No sex difference","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1210/en.2008-0321","pubmedId":"18483150","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, mouse\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2008-0321","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:48.191Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"9cce00f5-3c1d-4d62-92ca-4fd7716ef66e","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin–GPR54 Signaling Is Essential for Preovulatory Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neuron Activation and the Luteinizing Hormone Surge","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.1775-08.2008","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin–GPR54 Signaling Is Essential for Preovulatory Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neuron Activation and the Luteinizing Hormone Surge\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin and its receptor GPR54 have recently been identified as key signaling partners in the neural control of fertility in animal models and humans. The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons represent the final output neurons of the neural network controlling fertility and are suspected to be the primary locus of kisspeptin-GPR54 signaling. Using mouse models, the present study addres","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.1775-08.2008","pubmedId":"18753370","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, mouse\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1775-08.2008","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:48.268Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"cb62b7f1-a4f2-41c3-b492-94b4af5c7028","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin expression in the brain: Catalyst for the initiation of puberty","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-007-9026-4","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin expression in the brain: Catalyst for the initiation of puberty\" Abstract excerpt: In 2003, two independent groups of researchers discovered almost simultaneously that inactivating mutations of the G protein coupled receptor, GPR54, cause hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in mice and men. Since this discovery, kisspeptins, the natural ligands for GPR54, have been thrust into the reproductive neuroendocrine spotlight, as major regulators of GnRH function. Kisspeptins are the peptide ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1007/s11154-007-9026-4","pubmedId":"17334929","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s11154-007-9026-4","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:48.342Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"c21fe394-d1c5-472e-8517-aab7b80f3bd7","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptins and the placenta: Regulation of trophoblast invasion","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-007-9030-8","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptins and the placenta: Regulation of trophoblast invasion\" Abstract excerpt: The invasion of extravillous trophoblasts into the uterine wall is of crucial importance for placental and fetal development, and its dysregulation has been implicated in a wide spectrum of abnormal pregnancies. Mechanistically, trophoblast invasion strongly resembles the invasion of tumour cells, but differs from it by tight regulation in time and space. This regulation is accomplished by differe","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1007/s11154-007-9030-8","pubmedId":"17351756","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s11154-007-9030-8","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:48.415Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"08d50788-14b9-482e-a959-8227e8da5283","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin: A key link to seasonal breeding","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-007-9031-7","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin: A key link to seasonal breeding\" Abstract excerpt: In seasonal species, photoperiod (i.e. daylength) tightly regulates reproduction to ensure that birth occurs at the most favorable time of year. In mammals, a distinct photoneuroendocrine circuit controls this process via the pineal hormone melatonin. This hormone is responsible for the seasonal regulation of reproduction, but the anatomical substrate and the cellular mechanism through which melat","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1007/s11154-007-9031-7","pubmedId":"17380397","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s11154-007-9031-7","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:48.491Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"6cbc6d3d-303f-4c3f-a258-376b69825def","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin signalling in the brain: Steroid regulation in the rodent and ewe","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.04.002","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin signalling in the brain: Steroid regulation in the rodent and ewe\" Abstract excerpt: The Kiss1 gene encodes a family of peptides called kisspeptins, which are the natural ligands for the receptor GPR54. In humans and mice, inactivating mutations of GPR54 results in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, indicating that kisspeptins play a vital role in the regulation of GnRH secretion. In many species, centrally administered kisspeptins stimulate gonadotrophin secretion in a GnRH-dependant","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.04.002","pubmedId":"17509691","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, mouse\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.04.002","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:48.568Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"f0a42913-52e0-475f-aade-f5d23c75ac0d","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptins: a multifunctional peptide system with a role in reproduction, cancer and the cardiovascular system","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0707295","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptins: a multifunctional peptide system with a role in reproduction, cancer and the cardiovascular system\" Abstract excerpt: Orphan G-protein-coupled receptors that have recently been paired with their cognate ligand are an often untapped resource for novel drug development. The KISS1 receptor (previously designated GPR54) has been paired with biologically active cleavage peptides of the KiSS-1 gene product, the kisspeptins (KP). The focus of this review is the emerging pharmacology and physiology of the KP. Genetic lin","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1038/sj.bjp.0707295","pubmedId":"17519946","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707295","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:48.711Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"91e1a744-10e0-44dd-8d1f-dba44465bb5a","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin Synchronizes Preovulatory Surges in Cyclical Ewes and Causes Ovulation in Seasonally Acyclic Ewes","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2007-0554","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin Synchronizes Preovulatory Surges in Cyclical Ewes and Causes Ovulation in Seasonally Acyclic Ewes\" Abstract excerpt: We determined whether kisspeptin could be used to manipulate the gonadotropin axis and ovulation in sheep. First, a series of experiments was performed to determine the gonadotropic responses to different modes and doses of kisspeptin administration during the anestrous season using estradiol-treated ovariectomized ewes. We found that: 1) injections (iv) of doses as low as 6 nmol human C-terminal ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1210/en.2007-0554","pubmedId":"17702853","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2007-0554","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:48.787Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"e8e59e27-c0dd-41e5-9290-ee9e33e3e465","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin Neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus of the Ewe Express Both Dynorphin A and Neurokinin B","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2007-0961","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin Neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus of the Ewe Express Both Dynorphin A and Neurokinin B\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin is a potent stimulator of GnRH secretion that has been implicated in the feedback actions of ovarian steroids. In ewes, the majority of hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons are found in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), with a smaller population located in the preoptic area. Most arcuate kisspeptin neurons express estrogen receptor-alpha, as do a set of arcuate neurons that contain both dynorphin a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1210/en.2007-0961","pubmedId":"17823266","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, mouse\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2007-0961","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:48.864Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"5b433840-0b12-4411-94e1-527cff71d74d","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin Acts Directly and Indirectly to Increase Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neuron Activity and Its Effects Are Modulated by Estradiol","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2007-1365","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin Acts Directly and Indirectly to Increase Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neuron Activity and Its Effects Are Modulated by Estradiol\" Abstract excerpt: GnRH neurons play a pivotal role in the central regulation of fertility. Kisspeptin greatly increases GnRH/LH release and GnRH neuron firing activity and may be involved in estradiol feedback, but the neurobiological mechanisms for these actions are unknown. G protein-coupled receptor 54, the receptor for kisspeptin, is expressed by GnRH neurons as well as other hypothalamic neurons, suggesting bo","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1210/en.2007-1365","pubmedId":"18162521","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2007-1365","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:48.939Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"ecbcea76-5340-4c6d-826d-e9880b4b43ec","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin-54 Stimulates Gonadotropin Release Most Potently during the Preovulatory Phase of the Menstrual Cycle in Women","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-1116","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin-54 Stimulates Gonadotropin Release Most Potently during the Preovulatory Phase of the Menstrual Cycle in Women\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin, the endogenous ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor 54, is a key regulator of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. GPR54-null mice exhibit reproductive dysfunction, and exogenous kisspeptin potently stimulates the HPG axis in rodents, primates, and human males. The effects of kisspeptin administration to human females are unknown. Our objective was to investigate the effec","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2007-1116","pubmedId":"17635940","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1116","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:49.012Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"08cc306a-9229-4ba5-8b67-1831061dcfca","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin Mediates the Photoperiodic Control of Reproduction in Hamsters","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2006.07.025","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin Mediates the Photoperiodic Control of Reproduction in Hamsters\" Abstract excerpt: The KiSS-1 gene encodes kisspeptin, the endogenous ligand of the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR54. Recent data indicate that the KiSS-1/GPR54 system is critical for the regulation of reproduction and is required for puberty onset. In seasonal breeders, reproduction is tightly controlled by photoperiod (i.e., day length). The Syrian hamster is a seasonal model in which reproductive activity is prom","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2006.07.025","pubmedId":"16950111","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.07.025","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:49.088Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"f42a273c-e3e3-414d-bdde-16eb5b52e95e","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin-54 Stimulates the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Gonadal Axis in Human Males","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2005-1468","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin-54 Stimulates the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Gonadal Axis in Human Males\" Abstract excerpt: Mutation of the G protein-coupled receptor 54 is associated with a failure of reproductive function. The endogenous neuropeptide agonist for G protein-coupled receptor 54, kisspeptin, potently stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in rodents and primates. The present study was designed to determine the effects of elevating circulating kisspeptin levels on LH, FSH, and testosterone in ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2005-1468","pubmedId":"16174713","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/jc.2005-1468","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:49.163Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"8e7b81d6-2f3b-43c6-8bb8-1211c6e3f4cb","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Kisspeptin-10, a KiSS-1/metastin-derived decapeptide, is a physiological invasion inhibitor of primary human trophoblasts","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.00971","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Kisspeptin-10, a KiSS-1/metastin-derived decapeptide, is a physiological invasion inhibitor of primary human trophoblasts\" Abstract excerpt: Trophoblast invasion of the uterine extracellular matrix, a critical process of human implantation and essential for fetal development, is a striking example of controlled invasiveness. To identify molecules that regulate trophoblast invasion, mRNA signatures of trophoblast cells isolated from first trimester (high invasiveness) and term placentae (no/low invasiveness) were compared using U95A Gen","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1242/jcs.00971","pubmedId":"15020672","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1242/jcs.00971","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:49.235Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"532bcf7c-1ddd-4813-b416-fc67014aad65","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"A kisspeptin-10 analog with greater in vivo bioactivity than kisspeptin-10","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00426.2009","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"A kisspeptin-10 analog with greater in vivo bioactivity than kisspeptin-10\" Abstract excerpt: The kisspeptins are neuropeptides that stimulate the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. The smallest endogenous kisspeptin, kisspeptin-10 (KP-10), binds to the receptor KISS1R with a similar affinity to the full-length peptide, kisspeptin-54 (KP-54), but is less effective in vivo, possibly because of increased enzymatic breakdown or clearance. The kisspeptin system may have therapeutic pote","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00426.2009","pubmedId":"19934405","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00426.2009","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:49.311Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"791b7b6a-999a-4170-be7d-7a2de43697b4","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The kisspeptin analog C6 elicits greater tachyphylaxis and transcriptional activation than kisspeptin-10 and -54.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42379494/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The kisspeptin analog C6 elicits greater tachyphylaxis and transcriptional activation than kisspeptin-10 and -54.\" Abstract excerpt: The discovery of the neuropeptide kisspeptin (Kp) and its receptor has attracted considerable attention as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of various medical disorders and for the management of reproduction in livestock. To this end, endogenous agonists (hKp10 and hKp54) as well as synthetic agonists (TAK-448 and C6) have been evaluated in vivo with promising results. However, dir","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.mce.2026.112854","pubmedId":"42379494","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.mce.2026.112854","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:49.386Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"851d6f07-b943-4266-acf1-e5e28d1f5844","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The KISS1/KISS1R Axis in Human Placentation: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications for Foetal Growth Restriction and Pre-Eclampsia.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42123334/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The KISS1/KISS1R Axis in Human Placentation: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications for Foetal Growth Restriction and Pre-Eclampsia.\" Abstract excerpt: Pre-eclampsia and foetal growth restriction (FGR) are major pregnancy complications primarily driven by placental dysfunction, and remain leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity. Ultrasound imaging, Doppler studies, and angiogenic biomarkers like placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) constitute the main diagnostic modalities; however, these predo","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3390/ijms27093748","pubmedId":"42123334","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/ijms27093748","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:49.460Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"f72865c0-dd28-4c9b-9a10-63f631736e24","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The kisspeptin analog C6 reverses reproductive dysfunction in a mouse model of hyperprolactinemia.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40062901/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The kisspeptin analog C6 reverses reproductive dysfunction in a mouse model of hyperprolactinemia.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin has been shown to be tightly associated with hyperprolactinemia. This study shows that similar to kisspeptin, its analog C6 produces a reversal of HPRL estrus cycle and ovulation disruption. HPRL, characterized by elevated prolactin levels, disrupts the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, leading to reproductive dysfunctions such as menstrual irregularities, anovulation and infertility","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1530/rep-25-0036","pubmedId":"40062901","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1530/rep-25-0036","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:49.538Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"0e5cfa17-ae2f-4e87-8656-27513f1c02a5","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The kisspeptin-GnIH signaling pathway in the role of zebrafish courtship and aggressive behavior induced by azoxystrobin.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36934963/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The kisspeptin-GnIH signaling pathway in the role of zebrafish courtship and aggressive behavior induced by azoxystrobin.\" Abstract excerpt: Azoxystrobin, a strobilurin widely used to control rice diseases, has raised concerns about possible adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems. At present, very little is known about the effects of azoxystrobin on courtship and aggressive behavior and the potential underlying mechanisms. In the present study, after exposing adult male and female zebrafish to worst-case scenario concentrations of azoxy","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121461","pubmedId":"36934963","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121461","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:49.615Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"187fb643-847c-4b05-a870-a21b40f14758","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The Kisspeptin/Neurokinin B/Dynorphin (KNDy) Cell Population of the Arcuate Nucleus: Sex Differences and Effects of Prenatal Testosterone in Sheep","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2009-0541","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The Kisspeptin/Neurokinin B/Dynorphin (KNDy) Cell Population of the Arcuate Nucleus: Sex Differences and Effects of Prenatal Testosterone in Sheep\" Abstract excerpt: Recent work in sheep has identified a neuronal subpopulation in the arcuate nucleus that coexpresses kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin (referred to here as KNDy cells) and that mediate the negative feedback influence of progesterone on GnRH secretion. We hypothesized that sex differences in progesterone negative feedback are due to sexual dimorphism of KNDy cells and compared neuropeptide an","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1210/en.2009-0541","pubmedId":"19880810","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2009-0541","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:49.691Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"b5c7a9db-f562-4ce2-ad58-d54bbef9d0da","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The Kisspeptin Receptor GPR54 Is Required for Sexual Differentiation of the Brain and Behavior","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2099-07.2007","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The Kisspeptin Receptor GPR54 Is Required for Sexual Differentiation of the Brain and Behavior\" Abstract excerpt: GPR54 is a G-protein-coupled receptor, which binds kisspeptins and is widely expressed throughout the brain. Kisspeptin-GPR54 signaling has been implicated in the regulation of pubertal and adulthood gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, and mutations or deletions of GPR54 cause hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in humans and mice. Other reproductive roles for kisspeptin-GPR54 signaling, in","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.2099-07.2007","pubmedId":"17699664","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2099-07.2007","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:49.767Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"3e4cda3c-8bd2-4079-9574-5055cce02537","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Can kisspeptin be a new treatment for sexual dysfunction?","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40189467/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Can kisspeptin be a new treatment for sexual dysfunction?\" Abstract excerpt: The neuropeptide kisspeptin activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and influences neural circuits controlling sexual behavior. Animal studies have determined its sex-specific roles in reproductive behaviors, whereas human research has linked kisspeptin to increased brain activity in regions associated with sexual and emotional processing, making it a potential treatment for disord","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.tem.2025.03.002","pubmedId":"40189467","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.tem.2025.03.002","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:49.843Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"89e827bd-ce56-498a-9222-a6be8261db9f","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Endocrine-metabolic effects of kisspeptin in mammals.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41581529/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Endocrine-metabolic effects of kisspeptin in mammals.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptins (Kp) play crucial roles in regulating reproductive functions. In recent decades, new effects of Kp on other systems, such as the cardiovascular, respiratory, and musculoskeletal systems, and its possible therapeutic effects on gestational hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, and neoplasms have been identified. Additionally, Kp signaling has been investigated in endocrine-metabolic regula","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2026.114888","pubmedId":"41581529","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2026.114888","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:01.002Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"219b95b9-84c3-43e4-9d7f-4a72efb524bf","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The Kisspeptin analogue C6 induces more synchronized ovulation than eCG in the transition period to breeding season in Corriedale ewes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41385063/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The Kisspeptin analogue C6 induces more synchronized ovulation than eCG in the transition period to breeding season in Corriedale ewes.\" Abstract excerpt: This study assessed preovulatory follicular development in ewes and, consequently, the synchronization of ovulations induced by C6 (Compound C6), a synthetic kisspeptin (Kp) analogue with an extended half-life. The estrus of 30 anestrous Corriedale ewes was synchronized using intravaginal sponges (IVS) containing medroxyprogesterone acetate for 14 days. The experimental groups were: (1) GeCG recei","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s11250-025-04800-1","pubmedId":"41385063","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s11250-025-04800-1","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:49.919Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"c348515c-d70b-43d9-97ce-1103a7729399","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The kisspeptin-GnRH pathway in human reproductive health and disease","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmu009","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The kisspeptin-GnRH pathway in human reproductive health and disease\" Abstract excerpt: The discovery of kisspeptin as key central regulator of GnRH secretion has led to a new level of understanding of the neuroendocrine regulation of human reproduction. The related discovery of the kisspeptin-neurokinin B-dynorphin (KNDy) pathway in the last decade has further strengthened our understanding of the modulation of GnRH secretion by endocrine, metabolic and environmental inputs. In this","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1093/humupd/dmu009","pubmedId":"24615662","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/humupd/dmu009","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:49.990Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"9335542d-0b3e-457d-8fed-1f8018f7208b","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The kisspeptin system of the human hypothalamus: sexual dimorphism and relationship with gonadotropin‐releasing hormone and neurokinin B neurons","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07239.x","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The kisspeptin system of the human hypothalamus: sexual dimorphism and relationship with gonadotropin‐releasing hormone and neurokinin B neurons\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin signaling via the kisspeptin receptor G-protein-coupled receptor-54 plays a fundamental role in the onset of puberty and the regulation of mammalian reproduction. In this immunocytochemical study we addressed the (i) topography, (ii) sexual dimorphism, (iii) relationship to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and (iv) neurokinin B content of kisspeptin-immunoreactive hypothala","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07239.x","pubmedId":"20529119","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07239.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:50.063Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"066696cc-21b5-4c96-9f15-249398c69590","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The kisspeptin (KiSS-1)/GPR54 system in cancer biology","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2008.05.007","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The kisspeptin (KiSS-1)/GPR54 system in cancer biology\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin (KiSS-1) gene, initially described as a melanoma metastasis suppressor gene, encodes a number of peptides (kp-54, kp-14, kp-13, kp-10), which are endogenous ligands to a G protein-coupled receptor, referred as hOT7T175 or AXOR12 or GPR54. So far intensive investigation has provided substantiate evidence supporting the role of KiSS-1/GPR54 system in cancer biology as well as in the regul","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2008.05.007","pubmedId":"18583061","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1R protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2008.05.007","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:50.139Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"8d7ad332-38da-40db-9b4a-3ca7221a1a5f","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The Kisspeptin/Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Pathway and Molecular Signaling of Puberty in Fish1","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.107.063420","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The Kisspeptin/Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Pathway and Molecular Signaling of Puberty in Fish1\" Abstract excerpt: The mechanisms underlying the initiation of puberty in fish are poorly understood, and whether the Kiss1 receptor (Kiss1r; previously designated G protein-coupled receptor 54; GPR54) and its ligands, kisspeptins, play a significant role, as has been established in mammals, is not yet known. We determined (via real-time PCR) temporal patterns of expression in the brain of kiss1r, gnrh2, and gnrh3 a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1095/biolreprod.107.063420","pubmedId":"17978278","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1095/biolreprod.107.063420","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:50.216Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"92970368-7414-41e7-8bcc-5be6b0d757c5","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"KNDy kisspeptin is required for metabolic homeostasis in female mice in an ovarian hormone-independent manner.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42219677/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"KNDy kisspeptin is required for metabolic homeostasis in female mice in an ovarian hormone-independent manner.\" Abstract excerpt: Disorders of gonadotropin pulsatility contribute to reproductive dysfunction in humans and are often associated with metabolic dysfunction. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is characterized by chronically insufficient gonadotropin hormone production, leading to reproductive and metabolic impairments, such as infertility and obesity. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by accelerated gon","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/jne.70208","pubmedId":"42219677","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/jne.70208","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:50.290Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"346d50c5-8700-493d-8ad6-e23a259b2b2c","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"From KISS1 to kisspeptins: An historical perspective and suggested nomenclature","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2008.06.016","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"From KISS1 to kisspeptins: An historical perspective and suggested nomenclature\" Abstract excerpt: The cancer suppressor gene, KISS1, was initially described as having an important role in inhibiting cancer metastasis. Since then, KISS1 and its receptor, KISS1R, have been shown to play a key role in controlling the onset of puberty of reproductive physiology in the human and other species. Recent studies have also linked KISS1/kisspeptin/KISS1R to other processes, such as vasoconstriction, agin","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2008.06.016","pubmedId":"18644415","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2008.06.016","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:50.364Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"b0fb214d-f395-4b2c-a1ed-235b4cde758b","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Serum Kisspeptin levels in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis: a case-control study protocol.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41152775/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Serum Kisspeptin levels in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis: a case-control study protocol.\" Abstract excerpt: BACKGROUND: Hypogonadism is a highly prevalent complication in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), leading to a significant reduction in quality of life. The underlying pathophysiology involving the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) axis is complex and not fully understood. Kisspeptin is the master upstream regulator of the HPG axis, but its s","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12882-025-04512-6","pubmedId":"41152775","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1186/s12882-025-04512-6","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:50.439Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"e441f238-b22e-4356-9499-e02a90764918","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Novel KISS1 Gene Mutation Leading to Male Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41786302/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Novel KISS1 Gene Mutation Leading to Male Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism.\" Abstract excerpt: The human KISS1 gene encodes the hypothalamic Kisspeptin, which is released in a pulsatile manner and binds the KISS1 receptor, that is located on gonadotropin releasing hormone neurons. This interaction ensures pulsatile gonadotropin releasing hormone secretion leading to induction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and by this controls puberty onset. Disruption of this process is associa","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1055/a-2787-6622","pubmedId":"41786302","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1055/a-2787-6622","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:50.516Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"ad11926a-4adf-4c0a-b4c7-8cce1ef31994","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Serum kisspeptin, neurokinin B and inhibin B levels can be used as alternative parameters to distinguish idiopathic CPP from premature thelarche in the early stages of puberty.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36879296/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Serum kisspeptin, neurokinin B and inhibin B levels can be used as alternative parameters to distinguish idiopathic CPP from premature thelarche in the early stages of puberty.\" Abstract excerpt: There is controversial results about serum kisspeptin, neurokinin-B (NKB), anti-M&#xfc;llerian hormone (AMH)&#xa0;and inhibin B (INHB) levels in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP). Aim of this study is to evaluate serum levels of these four peptides in patients presented with early pubertal signs, and to evaluate their diagnostic validity in the diagnosis of CPP. Cross-sectional study. St","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1111/cen.14906","pubmedId":"36879296","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/cen.14906","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:50.592Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"1e78f6a7-1cbb-4d0f-8266-19fb12d2c46b","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Serum kisspeptin is higher in hypertensive than non-hypertensive female subjects and positively correlated with systolic blood pressure.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37733292/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Serum kisspeptin is higher in hypertensive than non-hypertensive female subjects and positively correlated with systolic blood pressure.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin has a major role in reproductive regulation. Furthermore, it is also involved in metabolic and cardiovascular regulation as well as is a potent vasoconstrictor. This study aimed to: 1) determine correlations between serum kisspeptin levels with obesity/metabolic parameters; 2) compare parameters between non-hypertensive ([non-HT] N.=15) and hypertensive ([HT] N.=15) female subjects; and","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.23736/s2724-6507.22.03766-6","pubmedId":"37733292","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.23736/s2724-6507.22.03766-6","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:50.667Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"461f32e6-7c5e-41a5-82d7-1c5d65a2aa25","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Serum kisspeptin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41914593/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Serum kisspeptin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin is a key regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, reported associations between kisspeptin levels and PCOS have been inconsistent. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed from inception to August 2025 for studies comparing serum kisspeptin concentratio","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"41914593","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:41914593","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:50.743Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"2307d8c3-7da0-443e-9b49-88e443bc7c60","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"AMH and Kisspeptin Receptor Expression in Rare Hydropic Leiomyoma: A Case Study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40305440/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"AMH and Kisspeptin Receptor Expression in Rare Hydropic Leiomyoma: A Case Study.\" Abstract excerpt: BACKGROUND Leiomyomas are common benign uterine tumors (BUMTs) with diverse histopathological subtypes and variable clinical presentations. While most are asymptomatic, some cause significant morbidity, including abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility, and pain. Hydropic leiomyomas (HLMs) are rare variants histopathologically characterized by zonal edema and may pose diagnostic challenges, particu","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.12659/ajcr.947953","pubmedId":"40305440","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Receptors, Kisspeptin-1\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.12659/ajcr.947953","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:50.818Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"e65fe74d-c986-4c0b-882d-807bdc01b114","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Central kisspeptin injection enhances food consumption in broiler chickens: role of opioidergic and dopaminergic receptors.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41151445/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Central kisspeptin injection enhances food consumption in broiler chickens: role of opioidergic and dopaminergic receptors.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin, acting as both a neuropeptide and a hormone, known for its pivotal role in reproductive function and energy homeostasis, exerts multifaceted effects on central nervous system pathways involved in appetite regulation. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the impact of intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of kisspeptin on feeding behavior in neonatal broilers and to elucidate its int","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.106007","pubmedId":"41151445","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.psj.2025.106007","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:50.891Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"82b66a7d-7238-4dd1-817b-1125cc4269b3","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Adipose Kiss1 controls aerobic exercise-related adaptive responses in adipose tissue energy homeostasis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38877852/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Adipose Kiss1 controls aerobic exercise-related adaptive responses in adipose tissue energy homeostasis.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin signaling regulates energy homeostasis. Adiposity is the principal source and receiver of peripheral Kisspeptin, and adipose Kiss1 metastasis suppressor (Kiss1) gene expression is stimulated by exercise. However, whether the adipose Kiss1 gene regulates energy homeostasis and plays a role in adaptive alterations during prolonged exercise remains unknown. Here, we investigated the role o","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1096/fj.202302598rr","pubmedId":"38877852","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1096/fj.202302598rr","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:50.967Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"7b1d8be5-faba-4692-82db-6928467b4683","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"AVPV <i>Kiss1</i> neuron-specific knockdown of purinergic P2X2 receptor suppresses LH surge and ovulation in <i>Kiss1-Cre</i> rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39428487/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"AVPV <i>Kiss1</i> neuron-specific knockdown of purinergic P2X2 receptor suppresses LH surge and ovulation in <i>Kiss1-Cre</i> rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Ovulation disorders are a major cause of low pregnancy rates and infertility in humans and livestock. Kisspeptin neurons located in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) are responsible for the generation of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)/luteinizing hormone (LH) surge and the consequent ovulation in female rodents. The present study aimed to examine whether purinergic neuron","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1262/jrd.2024-046","pubmedId":"39428487","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1262/jrd.2024-046","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:51.040Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"a784c742-3b67-4ba8-b04b-c43db87b2efa","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Role of kisspeptin in decidualization and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion via the ERK1/2 signalling pathway.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36680818/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Role of kisspeptin in decidualization and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion via the ERK1/2 signalling pathway.\" Abstract excerpt: This study aimed to study the expression and function of kisspeptin during human uterine decidualization in recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) and the underlying mechanism. All patients were recruited from the Clinical Reproductive Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. Mice models of RSA (CBA/J&#xa0;&#xd7;&#xa0;DBA/2) and normal pregnancy (CBA/J&#xa0;&#xd7;&#xa0;BALB/c)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.placenta.2023.01.006","pubmedId":"36680818","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2023.01.006","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:51.116Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"cab158f9-21ec-414c-9279-a9b13233e00a","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Role of kisspeptin in polycystic ovarian syndrome: A metabolomics study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36843187/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Role of kisspeptin in polycystic ovarian syndrome: A metabolomics study.\" Abstract excerpt: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a pathophysiological disease affecting reproductive and metabolic indicators. Research has shown that kisspeptin might be involved in the regulation of pituitary hormone secretion and energy metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum kisspeptin levels and abnormal metabolism in PCOS. Fifty patients with PCOS and 50 contro","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1111/cen.14899","pubmedId":"36843187","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/cen.14899","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:51.192Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"69608203-0978-4bb3-b22a-019c4c0b2e73","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Arcuate Kisspeptin/Neurokinin B/Dynorphin (KNDy) Neurons Mediate the Estrogen Suppression of Gonadotropin Secretion and Body Weight","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2012-1045","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Arcuate Kisspeptin/Neurokinin B/Dynorphin (KNDy) Neurons Mediate the Estrogen Suppression of Gonadotropin Secretion and Body Weight\" Abstract excerpt: Estrogen withdrawal increases gonadotropin secretion and body weight, but the critical cell populations mediating these effects are not well understood. Recent studies have focused on a subpopulation of hypothalamic arcuate neurons that coexpress estrogen receptor &#x3b1;, neurokinin 3 receptor (NK(3)R), kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin for the regulation of reproduction. To investigate the","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1210/en.2012-1045","pubmedId":"22508514","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2012-1045","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:51.267Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"27cf84ea-5b1f-4578-8b60-fbea84121a52","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Maternal Kisspeptin-10 Treatment Partially Rescues Fetal and Postnatal Cardiac Programming Disrupted by Maternal Hypothyroidism.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42726152/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Maternal Kisspeptin-10 Treatment Partially Rescues Fetal and Postnatal Cardiac Programming Disrupted by Maternal Hypothyroidism.\" Abstract excerpt: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of global mortality and have been associated with alterations in fetal programming. Maternal hypothyroidism (MH) impairs placental function and induces intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), both of which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Kisspeptin-10 (Kp10) has been shown to improve feto-placental development in hypothyroid rats, but its ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s12012-026-10185-w","pubmedId":"42726152","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s12012-026-10185-w","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:51.339Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"a60c962d-a7b5-4f06-8119-ea8697d46c90","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Preoptic kisspeptin-nNOS-GnRH (KiNG) neuronal network regulates LH rhythmicity through activation-inhibition in mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41667486/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Preoptic kisspeptin-nNOS-GnRH (KiNG) neuronal network regulates LH rhythmicity through activation-inhibition in mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are the final target of a complex network regulating reproduction. The balance between excitatory and inhibitory inputs is essential for rhythmic GnRH secretion, including pulses and surges, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unresolved. Here, using adult animals of both sexes, we test the hypothesis that excitatory kisspeptin and inhibitory neuronal","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-026-69316-0","pubmedId":"41667486","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41467-026-69316-0","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:51.414Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"c63ad9ec-faaf-4ae4-818e-56efb421ef87","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Role for kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin (KNDy) neurons in cutaneous vasodilatation and the estrogen modulation of body temperature","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1211517109","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Role for kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin (KNDy) neurons in cutaneous vasodilatation and the estrogen modulation of body temperature\" Abstract excerpt: Estrogen withdrawal in menopausal women leads to hot flushes, a syndrome characterized by the episodic activation of heat dissipation effectors. Despite the extraordinary number of individuals affected, the etiology of flushes remains an enigma. Because menopause is accompanied by marked alterations in hypothalamic kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin (KNDy) neurons, we hypothesized that these neuron","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1073/pnas.1211517109","pubmedId":"23150555","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, rat\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1211517109","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:51.485Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"2f722098-88ff-4768-9089-6d780e7b0d6f","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"There is Kisspeptin – And Then There is Kisspeptin","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2015.07.008","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"There is Kisspeptin – And Then There is Kisspeptin\" Abstract excerpt: While kisspeptin was initially found to function as a metastasis suppressor, after identification of its receptor KISS1R and their expression profiles in tissues such as the hypothalamus and adrenals, kisspeptin and KISS1R were predominantly assigned endocrine functions, including regulating puberty and fertility through their actions on hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone production. More","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1016/j.tem.2015.07.008","pubmedId":"26412157","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.tem.2015.07.008","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:51.558Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"b7d66d2a-cb73-48e0-af4a-511a0f94996c","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Impaired kisspeptin signaling decreases metabolism and promotes glucose intolerance and obesity","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1172/jci71075","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Impaired kisspeptin signaling decreases metabolism and promotes glucose intolerance and obesity\" Abstract excerpt: The neuropeptide kisspeptin regulates reproduction by stimulating gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons via the kisspeptin receptor KISS1R. In addition to GnRH neurons, KISS1R is expressed in other brain areas and peripheral tissues, which suggests that kisspeptin has additional functions beyond reproduction. Here, we studied the energetic and metabolic phenotype in mice lacking kisspeptin","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1172/jci71075","pubmedId":"24937427","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, mouse\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1172/jci71075","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:51.632Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"0d2d36d0-76da-462b-ab38-efc28b2e0076","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Effect of kisspeptin with or without cabergoline on the estrus cycle and reproductive hormones in female dogs.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40816115/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Effect of kisspeptin with or without cabergoline on the estrus cycle and reproductive hormones in female dogs.\" Abstract excerpt: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Kisspeptin (KP-10) and Cabergoline (CB) on hormonal regulation in anestrus female dogs. Twenty-three clinically healthy anestrus female dogs were randomly allocated into five treatment groups. Group 1 (G1, n&#xa0;=&#xa0;4) received CB with saline; Group 2 (G2, n&#xa0;=&#xa0;4) received 0.5&#xa0;&#x3bc;g/kg KP-10&#xa0;+&#xa0;CB; Group 3 (G3, n&#xa0;=&#xa0","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117633","pubmedId":"40816115","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117633","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:51.706Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"f6054d21-e0c9-4461-b310-1186d8d6e786","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The role of Kiss1 neurons in regulating metabolism and energy balance.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42269723/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The role of Kiss1 neurons in regulating metabolism and energy balance.\" Abstract excerpt: Hypothalamic kisspeptin, encoded by the Kiss1 gene, serves as an important regulator of the reproductive axis and sexual maturation. Since reproductive physiology is tightly coupled to metabolic cues, metabolic status exerts significant influence on puberty and fertility. Emerging evidence identifies kisspeptin signaling as a key determinant of central energy homeostasis. This review focuses on di","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2026.171497","pubmedId":"42269723","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2026.171497","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:53.124Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"bb0d8fcf-cd9b-4f1a-be6f-f764927cc48e","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Exogenous kisspeptin-10 treatment shows pleiotropy via induction of KISS1 expression, metastasis suppression, and promotes apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41062590/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Exogenous kisspeptin-10 treatment shows pleiotropy via induction of KISS1 expression, metastasis suppression, and promotes apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer.\" Abstract excerpt: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype lacking ER, PR, and HER2 receptors making it highly clinically challenging subtype pf breast cancer. In this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous Kisspeptin-10 (Kp-10), on MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells. TNBC cells using both in vitro and in silico approaches. Kp-10 treatment significantly reduced cell viability and migration","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-19140-1","pubmedId":"41062590","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41598-025-19140-1","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:51.779Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"288e85e2-1846-4c96-9a49-ae61eebeea3b","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Effect of Kisspeptin Fortification in Freezing Media on Post-Thaw Quality and Fertility of Buffalo Bull Semen.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40923151/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Effect of Kisspeptin Fortification in Freezing Media on Post-Thaw Quality and Fertility of Buffalo Bull Semen.\" Abstract excerpt: The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of kisspeptin supplementation (0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0 and 40.0 &#x3bc;M) in cryodiluent on freezability and in&#xa0;vivo fertility of buffalo bull spermatozoa. Twenty-four semen ejaculates were collected using an artificial vagina from four Murrah buffalo bulls. Ejaculates having &gt; 70% sperm motility, &lt; 25% morphological abnormalities","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/rda.70124","pubmedId":"40923151","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/rda.70124","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:51.851Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"1dfb7b3c-fed6-40d9-b406-44cccb360c9a","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Effect of kisspeptin, neurokinin, and dynorphin neurons on regulation of reproduction.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41170798/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Effect of kisspeptin, neurokinin, and dynorphin neurons on regulation of reproduction.\" Abstract excerpt: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulsatility is under the influence of hypothalamic neuropeptides, especially neurons expressing kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin. These hypothalamic cells are called KNDy neurons. By integrating hormonal and environmental stimuli in the brain, they modulate the effects on neuropeptide release and control the frequency and amplitude of pulses. The relationship ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.48095/cccg2025413","pubmedId":"41170798","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.48095/cccg2025413","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:51.927Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"17c1918a-ceec-464d-a0c9-13921d460632","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Habenular kisspeptin modulates fear in the zebrafish","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1314184111","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Habenular kisspeptin modulates fear in the zebrafish\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin, a neuropeptide encoded by the KISS1/Kiss1, and its cognate G protein-coupled receptor, GPR54 (kisspeptin receptor, Kiss-R), are critical for the control of reproduction in vertebrates. We have previously identified two kisspeptin genes (kiss1 and kiss2) in the zebrafish, of which kiss1 neurons are located in the habenula, which project to the median raphe. kiss2 neurons are located in ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1073/pnas.1314184111","pubmedId":"24567386","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1314184111","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:51.998Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"7c30dd0f-6b18-4096-887e-a4636c589c6b","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Disrupted Kisspeptin Signaling in GnRH Neurons Leads to Hypogonadotrophic Hypogonadism","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/me.2013-1319","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Disrupted Kisspeptin Signaling in GnRH Neurons Leads to Hypogonadotrophic Hypogonadism\" Abstract excerpt: Landmark studies have shown that mutations in kisspeptin and the kisspeptin receptor (Kiss1r) result in reproductive dysfunction in humans and genetically altered mouse models. However, because kisspeptin and its receptor are present in target cells of the central and peripheral reproductive axis, the precise location(s) for the pathogenic signal is unknown. The study described herein shows that t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1210/me.2013-1319","pubmedId":"24422632","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1r protein, mouse\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/me.2013-1319","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:52.071Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"9bb390ea-b214-4a06-921b-5afbea74dca2","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"GPR54 and Kisspeptins","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/400_2007_050","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"GPR54 and Kisspeptins\" Abstract excerpt: The G-protein coupled receptor GPR54 has an essential role in the initiation and maintenance of mammalian fertility. Humans and mice with mutations in GPR54 have hypogonadotropic hypogonadism characterized by absence of sexual maturation and low levels of gonadotropic hormones (LH and FSH). The ligand for GPR54 is encoded by the KISS1 gene, which produces a 54-amino-acid peptide (metastin or kissp","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1007/400_2007_050","pubmedId":"18193176","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/400_2007_050","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:52.146Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"cc485fcd-cd12-4dca-98a7-ff3c171e2a27","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Intranasal kisspeptin administration rapidly stimulates gonadotropin release in humans.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40215751/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Intranasal kisspeptin administration rapidly stimulates gonadotropin release in humans.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin administration by intravenous or subcutaneous routes activates hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and is being developed to treat reproductive disorders. However, these invasive routes markedly limit patient acceptability and clinical use. Recent rodent data has identified a large GnRH population within the olfactory system communicating directly with hypothalami","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105689","pubmedId":"40215751","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105689","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:52.298Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"4b6c0500-ad65-4a27-b940-75918f2965de","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Effects of Kisspeptin on Sexual Brain Processing and Penile Tumescence in Men With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36735255/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Effects of Kisspeptin on Sexual Brain Processing and Penile Tumescence in Men With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.\" Abstract excerpt: The human physiological sexual response is crucial for reward, satisfaction, and reproduction. Disruption of the associated neurophysiological pathways predisposes to low sexual desire; the most prevalent psychological form is hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), which affects 8% of men but currently has no effective pharmacological treatment options. The reproductive neuropeptide kisspeptin ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.54313","pubmedId":"36735255","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.54313","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:52.371Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"eb405e40-2b8b-4293-b78d-d5861f54e7f6","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Effects of Kisspeptin Administration in Women With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36287566/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Effects of Kisspeptin Administration in Women With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.\" Abstract excerpt: Despite being the most common female sexual health complaint worldwide, current treatment options for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) are limited in their safety and effectiveness. The hormone kisspeptin is a key endogenous activator of the reproductive hormonal axis with additional emerging roles in sexual and emotional behavior; however, its effects in women with HSDD are unknown. To te","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.36131","pubmedId":"36287566","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.36131","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:52.443Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"a2536c45-be01-455e-ac72-e2704ce61fbd","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Effects of Kisspeptin on rabbit ovulation: a comprehensive study of ovulatory, endocrine and histological response.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40505597/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Effects of Kisspeptin on rabbit ovulation: a comprehensive study of ovulatory, endocrine and histological response.\" Abstract excerpt: Mammalian reproductive function is regulated by hypothalamic neurons that secrete Kisspeptin (Kp), a neuropeptide that stimulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, triggering pituitary gonadotrophins (LH and FSH) and gonadal steroids. This study evaluated the effect of Kisspeptin-10 (Kp10) on ovulation induction in rabbits, comparing its efficacy with that of the GnRH analogue gonad","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117524","pubmedId":"40505597","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117524","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:52.526Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"16babfaf-d753-4ce6-9bb6-cbf41554e4b2","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Effects of kisspeptin on the maturation of human ovarian primordial follicles <i>in vitro</i>.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38099429/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Effects of kisspeptin on the maturation of human ovarian primordial follicles <i>in vitro</i>.\" Abstract excerpt: At this time, with advances in medical science, many cancers and chronic diseases are treatable, but one of their side effects is infertility. Some women also want to delay pregnancy for personal reasons. There has been some evidence that kisspeptin activates broad signals by binding to its receptor, suggesting that the role of kisspeptin in direct control of ovarian function includes follicle gro","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1017/s0967199423000527","pubmedId":"38099429","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1017/s0967199423000527","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:52.599Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"d7d578bc-c4d8-4702-8f87-e59da0dd6ec1","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Effects of Kisspeptin on the reproductive function in the Dabry's sturgeon (Acipenser dabrynus).","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36841441/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Effects of Kisspeptin on the reproductive function in the Dabry's sturgeon (Acipenser dabrynus).\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin, a kind of neuropeptide, is involved in various physiological processes such as tumor metastasis inhibition and reproductive regulation due to its ability to interact with Kisspeptin receptor-Kissr. In teleost, Kisspeptin/Kissr system stimulates the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG axis), which is crucial for the reproductive regulation. Compared to one Kisspeptin protein Kiss1 ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114244","pubmedId":"36841441","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114244","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:52.675Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"d8d93dbb-1567-4078-8a69-a628402afced","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Mapping of Kisspeptin Fibres in the Brain of the Pro‐Oestrous Rat","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.2010.02053.x","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Mapping of Kisspeptin Fibres in the Brain of the Pro‐Oestrous Rat\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptins are a family of small peptides that play a key role in the neuroendocrine regulation of the reproductive function through neural pathways that have not yet been completely identified. The present study aimed to investigate the distribution of kisspeptin neurone fibres in the female rat brain by comparing precisely the immunoreactive pattern obtained with two antibodies: one specificall","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2826.2010.02053.x","pubmedId":"20673302","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, rat\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2010.02053.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:52.751Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"6137f53f-df37-4f60-b259-902bedae4366","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"A Role for Kisspeptins in the Regulation of Gonadotropin Secretion in the Mouse","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2004-0431","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"A Role for Kisspeptins in the Regulation of Gonadotropin Secretion in the Mouse\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptins are products of the KiSS-1 gene, which bind to a G protein-coupled receptor known as GPR54. Mutations or targeted disruptions in the GPR54 gene cause hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in humans and mice, suggesting that kisspeptin signaling may be important for the regulation of gonadotropin secretion. To examine the effects of kisspeptin-54 (metastin) and kisspeptin-10 (the biologically a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1210/en.2004-0431","pubmedId":"15217982","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, mouse\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2004-0431","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:52.828Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"cdaaddb0-cb1d-4fc2-bf84-acf514b9a13b","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Oestrogen, Kisspeptin, GPR54 and the Pre‐Ovulatory Luteinising Hormone Surge","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.2009.01835.x","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Oestrogen, Kisspeptin, GPR54 and the Pre‐Ovulatory Luteinising Hormone Surge\" Abstract excerpt: Ovulation is central to mammalian fertility, yet the precise mechanism through which oestrogen triggers the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) surge that generates the pre-ovulatory luteinising hormone (LH) surge has remained elusive. The recent discovery that kisspeptin-GPR54 signalling is an essential regulator of the neuroendocrine axis at puberty has led investigators to evaluate the role ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2826.2009.01835.x","pubmedId":"19207812","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2009.01835.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:52.903Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"b46fdbce-bca6-4ff8-834e-fcaefe173a3f","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"A role for kisspeptin in islet function","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-006-0343-z","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"A role for kisspeptin in islet function\" Abstract excerpt: We investigated the production of kisspeptin (KISS1) and the KISS1 receptor, GPR54, in pancreatic islets and determined the effects of exogenous kisspeptin on insulin secretion. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect expression of KISS1 and GPR54 mRNAs and the production of KISS1 and GPR54 in human and mouse islets and in beta (MIN6) and alpha- (alphaTC1) cell lines. The effects of KI","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1007/s00125-006-0343-z","pubmedId":"16826407","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00125-006-0343-z","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:52.979Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"5e361d79-331a-49c8-84b5-971e0275938b","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Intravenous kisspeptin 112-121 bolus does not acutely impact circulating vasopressin in humans.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41273106/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Intravenous kisspeptin 112-121 bolus does not acutely impact circulating vasopressin in humans.\" Abstract excerpt: Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) deficiency (AVP-D) is caused by hypothalamic-pituitary damage of vasopressinergic neurons leading to polyuria and polydipsia. Diagnostic tests for AVP-D are limited by low accuracy and/or tolerability. Kisspeptin (KP) stimulates AVP release in animals, but no study has investigated KP as a provocative test for AVP-D in humans. We investigated circulating AVP levels in re","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/jne.70114","pubmedId":"41273106","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/jne.70114","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:53.050Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"5f6b7266-86fb-4d9c-8b94-811313d3d74a","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The role of kisspeptin in the pathogenesis of a polycystic ovary syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38127687/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The role of kisspeptin in the pathogenesis of a polycystic ovary syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: Hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis is responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system. In polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), there is a disturbance in the HPG axis. Kisspeptin, a neuropeptide produced by the KISS1 gene, plays a vital role in the regulation of HPG axis by binding with its receptors KISS1R/GPR54, and stimulates gonadotropin secretion from the h","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.2478/enr-2023-0032","pubmedId":"38127687","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2478/enr-2023-0032","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:53.198Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"a88f0479-5651-4dbb-83c5-df41fc3e2875","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The Role of Kisspeptin in the Control of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis and Reproduction.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35837314/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The Role of Kisspeptin in the Control of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis and Reproduction.\" Abstract excerpt: The discovery of kisspeptin as a critical central regulatory factor of GnRH release has given people a novel understanding of the neuroendocrine regulation in human reproduction. Kisspeptin activates the signaling pathway by binding to its receptor kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R) to promote GnRH secretion, thereby regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG) axis. Recent studies have show","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2022.925206","pubmedId":"35837314","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: WPF seed. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.925206","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:53.270Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"29f15b2f-489e-4a92-87f9-4760bdaa360e","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Distribution of Kisspeptin Neurones in the Adult Female Mouse Brain","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.2009.01892.x","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Distribution of Kisspeptin Neurones in the Adult Female Mouse Brain\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin-GPR54 signalling is essential for normal reproductive functioning. However, the distribution of kisspeptin neuronal cell bodies and their projections is not well established. The present study aimed to provide a detailed account of kisspeptin neuroanatomy in the mouse brain. Using a polyclonal rabbit antibody AC566, directed towards the final ten C-terminal amino acids of murine kisspep","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2826.2009.01892.x","pubmedId":"19515163","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, mouse\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2009.01892.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:55.101Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"87e7f332-a309-4c8f-9c4c-1eaacc6f82b9","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Minireview: Kisspeptin/Neurokinin B/Dynorphin (KNDy) Cells of the Arcuate Nucleus: A Central Node in the Control of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Secretion","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2010-0022","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Minireview: Kisspeptin/Neurokinin B/Dynorphin (KNDy) Cells of the Arcuate Nucleus: A Central Node in the Control of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Secretion\" Abstract excerpt: Recently, a subset of neurons was identified in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus that colocalize three neuropeptides, kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin, each of which has been shown to play a critical role in the central control of reproduction. Growing evidence suggests that these neurons, abbreviated as the KNDy subpopulation, are strongly conserved across a range of species from ro","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1210/en.2010-0022","pubmedId":"20501670","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2010-0022","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:53.342Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"751b2ae7-04f0-4be8-b18f-8bd78b2603d4","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The Role of Kisspeptins and GPR54 in the Neuroendocrine Regulation of Reproduction","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100540","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The Role of Kisspeptins and GPR54 in the Neuroendocrine Regulation of Reproduction\" Abstract excerpt: Neurons that produce gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) reside in the basal forebrain and drive reproductive function in mammals. Understanding the circuitry that regulates GnRH neurons is fundamental to comprehending the neuroendocrine control of puberty and reproduction in the adult. This review focuses on a family of neuropeptides encoded by the Kiss1 gene, the kisspeptins, and their cognate","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1146/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100540","pubmedId":"17988212","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100540","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:53.415Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"742aea3a-7df9-4ff8-85ed-e05c37bffb6f","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Minireview: Kisspeptin Neurons as Central Processors in the Regulation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Secretion","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2005-1282","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Minireview: Kisspeptin Neurons as Central Processors in the Regulation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Secretion\" Abstract excerpt: The Kiss1 gene encodes a family of peptides called kisspeptins, which bind to the G protein-coupled receptor GPR54. Kisspeptin(s) and its receptor are expressed in the forebrain, and the discovery that mice and humans lacking a functional GPR54 fail to undergo puberty and exhibit hypogonadotropic hypogonadism implies that kisspeptin signaling plays an essential role in reproduction. Studies in sev","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1210/en.2005-1282","pubmedId":"16373418","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2005-1282","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:53.487Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"d5927742-a6b8-43e5-8695-76726a4393d7","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Hypothesis: Kisspeptin Mediates Male Hypogonadism in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000299767","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Hypothesis: Kisspeptin Mediates Male Hypogonadism in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes\" Abstract excerpt: Hypogonadism occurs commonly in men with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and severe obesity. Current evidence points to a decreased secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus and thereby decreased secretion of gonadotropins from the pituitary gland as a central feature of the pathophysiology in these men. Hyperglycaemia, inflammation, leptin and oestrogen-related feedback have","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1159/000299767","pubmedId":"20628262","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1159/000299767","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:53.704Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"021a1784-a88d-4477-ba60-6b6cddd78804","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The role of kisspeptin in the control of gonadotrophin secretion","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmn058","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The role of kisspeptin in the control of gonadotrophin secretion\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptins, and their cognate receptor gpr-54, were first found to regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in 2003, when two groups demonstrated that mutations in gpr-54 cause idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism characterized by delayed or absent puberty. This review aims to highlight discoveries in the KiSS-1/gpr-54 system, focusing on their regulation of the HPG axis in male","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1093/humupd/dmn058","pubmedId":"19109311","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/humupd/dmn058","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:53.779Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"27c23cda-028f-464c-aa65-504a67db5211","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"A fresh look at kisspeptin neuron synchronization.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36646873/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"A fresh look at kisspeptin neuron synchronization.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1038/s41574-023-00802-x","pubmedId":"36646873","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41574-023-00802-x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:55.176Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"2f54c8c4-4acb-42c3-8422-d70077ce2759","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The Role of Kisspeptin–GPR54 Signaling in the Tonic Regulation and Surge Release of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/Luteinizing Hormone","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2748-07.2007","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The Role of Kisspeptin–GPR54 Signaling in the Tonic Regulation and Surge Release of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/Luteinizing Hormone\" Abstract excerpt: The Kiss1 gene codes for kisspeptin, which binds to GPR54, a G-protein-coupled receptor. Kisspeptin and GPR54 are expressed in discrete regions of the forebrain, and they have been implicated in the neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction. Kiss1-expressing neurons are thought to regulate the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and thus coordinate the estrous cycle in rodents; howe","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.2748-07.2007","pubmedId":"17978050","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, mouse\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2748-07.2007","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:53.854Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"146d05ad-3b62-4204-91f8-661d50fd4411","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Progesterone-KISS1 axis impairs amniotic epithelial cell function and promotes premature rupture of membranes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42385385/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Progesterone-KISS1 axis impairs amniotic epithelial cell function and promotes premature rupture of membranes.\" Abstract excerpt: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is a major cause of preterm birth and perinatal morbidity. Disruption of fetal membrane integrity is central to PROM pathogenesis; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying membrane weakening remain incompletely understood. Proteomic analysis was performed on fetal membrane tissues from patients with early PPROM, late PPROM, full-term PROM, and full-term no","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.placenta.2026.06.016","pubmedId":"42385385","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2026.06.016","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:53.927Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"43ab54b0-b552-4a64-ada4-9b26c2046409","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Hypothalamic kisspeptin alleviates myasthenia gravis by regulating Th1/Th17/Treg balance through Inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40524201/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Hypothalamic kisspeptin alleviates myasthenia gravis by regulating Th1/Th17/Treg balance through Inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway.\" Abstract excerpt: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder affecting neuromuscular junctions. While neuroendocrine-immune system dysfunction plays a crucial role in the development of autoimmune diseases, its involvement in MG remains largely unexplored. Kisspeptin, a neuropeptide hormone and endogenous ligand for GPR54 receptor, has been demonstrated to regulate antitumor immunity, antiviral immunity, and ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12974-025-03486-4","pubmedId":"40524201","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: WPF seed. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1186/s12974-025-03486-4","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:54.002Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"dd87fb25-bec3-42d2-a283-ade882faedc7","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Hypothalamic Kisspeptin Neurons as a Target for Whole-Cell Patch-Clamp Recordings.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37010276/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Hypothalamic Kisspeptin Neurons as a Target for Whole-Cell Patch-Clamp Recordings.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptins are essential for the maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and fertility. Hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons located in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus and rostral periventricular nucleus, as well as the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, project to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, among other cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3791/64989","pubmedId":"37010276","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3791/64989","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:54.074Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"162d4248-a412-4092-b6f0-8582da03cfb6","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Alteration in kisspeptin and reproductive hormones during different superovulation protocols in dromedary camel.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38909433/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Alteration in kisspeptin and reproductive hormones during different superovulation protocols in dromedary camel.\" Abstract excerpt: This study explored the alteration in kisspeptin and reproductive hormones during different superovulation protocols (SOP) in dromedary camel. The kisspeptin and reproductive hormonal profile, ovarian response, and the quality and quantity of embryos in dromedary camel donors were evaluated. A total of thirty donor camels were divided into two groups: the 5dSOP group, which received diluent contai","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.06.011","pubmedId":"38909433","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.06.011","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:54.147Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"f5c72685-9bf5-46bb-bf84-e6bb6933f436","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Effects of <i>KISS1</i> structural polymorphism on the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome and reproductive hormones in Iraqi women who take metformin.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37702549/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Effects of <i>KISS1</i> structural polymorphism on the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome and reproductive hormones in Iraqi women who take metformin.\" Abstract excerpt: To identify the effects of metformin and kisspeptin structural polymorphism on the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in Iraqi women. Samples were collected at the family planning center of Al-Hassan Teaching Hospital (infertility clinic), Iraq. Hormonal and hematological parameters were measured. Kisspeptin structural polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction using a conventi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1177/03000605231196837","pubmedId":"37702549","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/03000605231196837","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:54.222Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"d69b71d9-69c4-49f5-ae60-618306a49aa9","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Expression of Kisspeptins and Kiss Receptors Suggests a Large Range of Functions for Kisspeptin Systems in the Brain of the European Sea Bass","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070177","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Expression of Kisspeptins and Kiss Receptors Suggests a Large Range of Functions for Kisspeptin Systems in the Brain of the European Sea Bass\" Abstract excerpt: This study, conducted in the brain of a perciform fish, the European sea bass, aimed at raising antibodies against the precursor of the kisspeptins in order to map the kiss systems and to correlate the expression of kisspeptins, kiss1 and kiss2, with that of kisspeptin receptors (kiss-R1 and kiss-R2). Specific antibodies could be raised against the preprokiss2, but not the preoprokiss1. The data i","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0070177","pubmedId":"23894610","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070177","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:54.296Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"b5c9ee31-00ef-4cdc-8b29-1e067554e285","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Role of serum kisspeptin as a biomarker to detect miscarriage: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39468787/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Role of serum kisspeptin as a biomarker to detect miscarriage: a systematic review and meta-analysis.\" Abstract excerpt: Miscarriage is a common adverse pregnancy outcome with physical and emotional effects. Identifying predictive miscarriage biomarkers should improve early detection and management. Serum kisspeptin, known for its critical role in reproductive biology, has emerged as a potential biomarker for miscarriage. With this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to assess the association between serum","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1080/14647273.2024.2417934","pubmedId":"39468787","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/14647273.2024.2417934","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:54.370Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"f42d51ed-6ecc-435e-ae84-dc4e172a8748","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Expressions of Kisspeptin System and Ki-67 in the Reproductive Tissues of Cyclic Bitches.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41983751/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Expressions of Kisspeptin System and Ki-67 in the Reproductive Tissues of Cyclic Bitches.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin is a peptide that plays a pivotal role in the central regulation of gonadotropins. It is regarded as a key regulator of reproductive processes, including follicular and luteal development and endometrial remodelling. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of KISS1, its receptor KISS1R and the proliferation marker Ki-67 in the uterus, oviduct and ovary of bitches a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/rda.70205","pubmedId":"41983751","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/rda.70205","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:54.466Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"bbe0a40e-62c8-49ec-afb6-6b59e8b3ecf2","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Association of Kisspeptin and KISS&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; Gene Polymorphism (rs35431622) with Circulating Sex Hormones and Male Infertility.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39909971/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Association of Kisspeptin and KISS&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; Gene Polymorphism (rs35431622) with Circulating Sex Hormones and Male Infertility.\" Abstract excerpt: This research delves into the association of Kisspeptin and the KISS 1 gene (rs35431622) single nucleotide polymorphism with circulating sex hormones and semen parameters in males diagnosed with infertility. Eighty male participants were recruited from fertility clinic, were divided into two groups: Group A, characterized by normal sperm count and Group B, exhibiting low count. The analysis involv","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s43032-025-01803-z","pubmedId":"39909971","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s43032-025-01803-z","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:54.538Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"90288f70-9b4d-4d60-8f3a-cf2b1c1987c7","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Development of KISS1 knockout pigs is characterized by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, normal growth, and reduced skatole†.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39375014/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Development of KISS1 knockout pigs is characterized by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, normal growth, and reduced skatole†.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin is a major regulator of gonadotropin secretion in pigs. Previously, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of KISS1 was used to develop a mosaic parental line of pigs to generate offspring that would not need castration due to loss of kisspeptin. The current goal was to characterize growth and reproductive development of F1 pigs from this parental line. Body weights, gonadotropin concentrations and gonad","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1093/biolre/ioae140","pubmedId":"39375014","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/biolre/ioae140","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:54.611Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"1965048e-a692-4eda-a0ac-1b55656a5711","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"An Increase in Kisspeptin-54 Release Occurs with the Pubertal Increase in Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone-1 Release in the Stalk-Median Eminence of Female Rhesus Monkeys in Vivo","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2008-0231","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"An Increase in Kisspeptin-54 Release Occurs with the Pubertal Increase in Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone-1 Release in the Stalk-Median Eminence of Female Rhesus Monkeys in Vivo\" Abstract excerpt: The G-protein coupled receptor GPR54 and its ligand, KiSS-1-derived peptide kisspeptin-54, appear to play an important role in the mechanism of puberty. This study measures the release of kisspeptin-54 in the stalk-median eminence (S-ME) during puberty and examines its potential role in the pubertal increase in LHRH-1 release in female rhesus monkeys. First, developmental changes in release of kis","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1210/en.2008-0231","pubmedId":"18450954","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2008-0231","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:54.687Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"c59baf59-bbe3-40f2-b07b-9f64910ea13e","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The effects of kisspeptin on food intake in women with overweight or obesity.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37039248/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The effects of kisspeptin on food intake in women with overweight or obesity.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1111/dom.15086","pubmedId":"37039248","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/dom.15086","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:54.763Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"f674812e-16dc-4114-aa7c-463fc0b007a1","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The Effects of Kisspeptin-10 on Reproductive Hormone Release Show Sexual Dimorphism in Humans","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-1408","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The Effects of Kisspeptin-10 on Reproductive Hormone Release Show Sexual Dimorphism in Humans\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin peptides are critical in human reproductive physiology and are potential therapies for infertility. Kisspeptin-10 stimulates gonadotropin release in both male and female rodents. However, few studies have investigated the effects of kisspeptin-10 on gonadotropin release in humans, and none have investigated the effect in women. If kisspeptin is to be useful for treating reproductive dis","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2011-1408","pubmedId":"21976724","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/jc.2011-1408","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:54.850Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"7fbd9791-c403-4881-9b17-ca2138671032","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Anatomy of the kisspeptin neural network in mammals","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.020","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Anatomy of the kisspeptin neural network in mammals\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin has been recognized as a key regulator of GnRH secretion during puberty and adulthood, conveying the feedback influence of endogenous gonadal steroids onto the GnRH system. Understanding the functional roles of this peptide depends on knowledge of the anatomical framework in which it acts, including the location of kisspeptin-expressing cells in the brain and their connections. In this ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.020","pubmedId":"20858464","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.020","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:54.926Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"99741205-2895-44ff-84bf-c3d681f0628c","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Atrazine alters kisspeptin signaling and downstream neuroendocrine regulation following embryonic exposure in zebrafish.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42142733/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Atrazine alters kisspeptin signaling and downstream neuroendocrine regulation following embryonic exposure in zebrafish.\" Abstract excerpt: Atrazine is an herbicide used to control broadleaf and grassy weeds but is also a known endocrine disrupting chemical classified by the US EPA for its effect on the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. The US EPA's maximum contaminant level (MCL) for atrazine in drinking water is 3 parts per billion (ppb; &#xb5;g/L), though concentrations may exceed this during peak crop seasons. Because drinking water","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.tox.2026.154503","pubmedId":"42142733","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.tox.2026.154503","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:55.022Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"c4126f7f-1052-430f-a111-b22488c6b8c3","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Direct effect of kisspeptin on steroidogenesis, proliferation and apoptosis in Tan sheep ovarian granulosa cells.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41362283/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Direct effect of kisspeptin on steroidogenesis, proliferation and apoptosis in Tan sheep ovarian granulosa cells.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin, encoded by Kiss1 gene, regulates reproduction via the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. While kisspeptin treatment promotes follicular development in Tan sheep, its direct action on ovarian granulosa cells remains unclear. For this, we first detected the expression of Kiss1 and its receptor Kiss1r in primary ovarian granulosa cells of Tan sheep. Second, the effect of kisspeptin on s","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1017/s0967199425100191","pubmedId":"41362283","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1017/s0967199425100191","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:55.269Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"c39b05f0-8e39-4611-8558-2d4ba1da46c3","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Acute Effects of Kisspeptin Administration on Bone Metabolism in Healthy Men.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35244717/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Acute Effects of Kisspeptin Administration on Bone Metabolism in Healthy Men.\" Abstract excerpt: Osteoporosis results from disturbances in bone formation and resorption. Recent nonhuman data suggest that the reproductive hormone kisspeptin directly stimulates osteoblast differentiation in vitro and thus could have clinical therapeutic potential. However, the effects of kisspeptin on human bone metabolism are currently unknown. To assess the effects of kisspeptin on human bone metabolism in vi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1210/clinem/dgac117","pubmedId":"35244717","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac117","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:55.344Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"cefe1e4c-20e7-4d90-a590-a7d6f1199845","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Participation of kisspeptin, progesterone, and GnRH receptors on lordosis behavior induced by kisspeptin.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38851441/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Participation of kisspeptin, progesterone, and GnRH receptors on lordosis behavior induced by kisspeptin.\" Abstract excerpt: The neuropeptide kisspeptin (Kiss) is crucial in regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. It is produced by two main groups of neurons in the hypothalamus: the rostral periventricular region around the third ventricle and the arcuate nucleus. Kiss is the peptide product of the KiSS-1 gene and serves as the endogenous agonist for the GPR54 receptor. The Kiss/GPR54 system functions as a c","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114609","pubmedId":"38851441","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114609","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:55.428Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"0f2620b7-8258-4447-a09b-5df8e5f443aa","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"New frontiers in kisspeptin/GPR54 physiology as fundamental gatekeepers of reproductive function","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2007.07.002","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"New frontiers in kisspeptin/GPR54 physiology as fundamental gatekeepers of reproductive function\" Abstract excerpt: Identification, in late 2003, of inactivating mutations of the G protein-coupled receptor GPR54 as causative factor for absence of puberty and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in humans and mice was a major breakthrough in modern Neuroendocrinology, and drew considerable interest on the characterization of the roles of this receptor and its ligands (kisspeptins, encoded by the KiSS-1 gene) in the phy","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2007.07.002","pubmedId":"17870152","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2007.07.002","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:55.503Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"598a9812-0b66-418c-9849-399ed289cbfd","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Recombinant GnRH6-kisspeptin-CRM197 vaccine inhibits reproductive function in male rats and dogs.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41271083/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Recombinant GnRH6-kisspeptin-CRM197 vaccine inhibits reproductive function in male rats and dogs.\" Abstract excerpt: Immunocastration vaccines, as an alternative to surgical castration, have gained prominence for improving meat quality in livestock by suppressing reproductive functions. Central to this process is gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a pivotal regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis whose secretion is modulated by the upstream neuropeptide kisspeptin. Building upon this regulatory ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106501","pubmedId":"41271083","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106501","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:55.575Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"0d284a94-2fc5-4ea7-a461-3b47a965217f","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Potential role of kisspeptin in the estradiol-induced modulation of inhibin subunit gene expression: Insights from in vivo rat models and hypothalamic cell models.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40414719/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Potential role of kisspeptin in the estradiol-induced modulation of inhibin subunit gene expression: Insights from in vivo rat models and hypothalamic cell models.\" Abstract excerpt: The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is primarily regulated by kisspeptin neurons. In addition, activin and inhibin within the central nervous system might contribute to the regulation of the HPG axis because they are expressed near kisspeptin and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. We investigated the effects of inhibin and activin within the hypothalamus in the estradiol (E2)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1507/endocrj.ej25-0044","pubmedId":"40414719","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej25-0044","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:55.650Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"2d0f82d7-2663-4e83-a481-e2c684bacf86","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Socs3 ablation in kisspeptin cells partially prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced body weight loss.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35985175/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Socs3 ablation in kisspeptin cells partially prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced body weight loss.\" Abstract excerpt: Many cytokines have been proposed to regulate reproduction due to their actions on hypothalamic kisspeptin cells, the main modulators of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. Hormones such as leptin, prolactin and growth hormone are good examples of cytokines that lead to Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway activation, consequently exerting eff","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155999","pubmedId":"35985175","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155999","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:55.723Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"9aa2a2b1-227b-4cec-afb5-7e63c1449335","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The Expression of Kisspeptin Receptor, Catsper 3 and Acrosome Integrity in Oligozoospermic and Normozoospermic Individuals.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41898800/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The Expression of Kisspeptin Receptor, Catsper 3 and Acrosome Integrity in Oligozoospermic and Normozoospermic Individuals.\" Abstract excerpt: Background : Male infertility remains a significant clinical challenge. The KISS1R-CATSPER3 signaling axis and acrosomal integrity are vital for fertilization, yet their regional expression patterns in subfertile men are not fully characterized. Objectives : This study investigated regional expression patterns of KISS1R and CATSPER3 and evaluated acrosomal integrity in oligozoospermic and normozoo","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3390/genes17030266","pubmedId":"41898800","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1R protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/genes17030266","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:55.799Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"248ae6c3-fedc-47c3-83b2-01f3a48806f1","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Critical Roles of Kisspeptins in Female Puberty and Preovulatory Gonadotropin Surges as Revealed by a Novel Antagonist","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2009-0803","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Critical Roles of Kisspeptins in Female Puberty and Preovulatory Gonadotropin Surges as Revealed by a Novel Antagonist\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptins (Kp) have recently emerged as master regulators of the reproductive axis and among the most potent elicitors of GnRH-gonadotropin secretion. Despite their paramount importance in reproductive physiology and their potential therapeutic implications, development of Kp antagonists has remained elusive, and only recently has the first compound with the ability to block Kp actions in vitro ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1210/en.2009-0803","pubmedId":"19952274","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2009-0803","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:55.870Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"53173b65-b202-4d88-800d-40fd270ea558","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Dynamic changes of Kisspeptin during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) in polycystic ovary syndrome patients and its correlation with COH outcomes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42244951/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Dynamic changes of Kisspeptin during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) in polycystic ovary syndrome patients and its correlation with COH outcomes.\" Abstract excerpt: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common cause of anovulatory infertility in women, and patients often exhibit ovarian hyperresponse during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) in assisted reproductive technology. Kisspeptin is a key upstream regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis (HPOA). This study aims to explore the dynamic changes in serum and follicular fluid (FF) Kissp","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1835699","pubmedId":"42244951","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1835699","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:55.943Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"dc55b4d1-bd3c-45d0-ac43-e5c7261e2262","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Exploring GABA and Kisspeptin Roles in Reproductive and Metabolic Regulation: Insights from Kiss1-GABAB1KO Female Mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41206596/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Exploring GABA and Kisspeptin Roles in Reproductive and Metabolic Regulation: Insights from Kiss1-GABAB1KO Female Mice.\" Abstract excerpt: &#x3b3;-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and kisspeptin play essential roles in reproduction and metabolism, being expressed in the central nervous system and peripheral organs (ovaries, testes, pancreas, liver, and white adipose tissue [WAT]). While previous research has shed light on their functions, the interaction between GABA and kisspeptin in regulating these processes remains poorly explored. In a ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqaf165","pubmedId":"41206596","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/endocr/bqaf165","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:56.015Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"de0af44e-af1e-42ae-b212-c4f905b8791b","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Evidence for human kisspeptin receptor homo-oligomerisation and its functional relevance.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40680729/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Evidence for human kisspeptin receptor homo-oligomerisation and its functional relevance.\" Abstract excerpt: The signalling of kisspeptin-1 through the kisspeptin-1 receptor (KISS1R) is central to mammalian reproduction. Naturally occurring heterozygous KISS1R mutations and Kiss1r +/- knockout mice are less affected than their homozygous counterparts, suggesting that the mutant receptors possibly form oligomers with the wild-type (WT) KISS1R, rescuing the receptor function to some extent. To test this hy","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1530/jme-25-0043","pubmedId":"40680729","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Receptors, Kisspeptin-1\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1530/jme-25-0043","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:56.090Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"7cfb3dd3-a1ab-4eba-8101-0b7c6dd04512","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Does the miR-105-1-Kisspeptin Axis Promote Ovarian Cell Functions?","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38632222/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Does the miR-105-1-Kisspeptin Axis Promote Ovarian Cell Functions?\" Abstract excerpt: The objective of this study was to elucidate the intricate interplay among miR-105-1, kisspeptin, and their synergistic influence on basic ovarian granulosa cell functions. The effects of miR-105-1 mimics or miR-105-1 inhibitor, kisspeptin (0, 1, and 10&#xa0;ng/ml), and its combinations with miR-105-1 mimics on porcine granulosa cells were assessed. The expression levels of miR-105-1, viability, p","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1007/s43032-024-01554-3","pubmedId":"38632222","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s43032-024-01554-3","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:56.162Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"c4096a8b-2613-49e1-85ad-27b86877b799","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Targeting the NR5A1-KISS1R-EMT axis with a small-molecule inhibitor suppresses lung adenocarcinoma progression and metastasis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41765312/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Targeting the NR5A1-KISS1R-EMT axis with a small-molecule inhibitor suppresses lung adenocarcinoma progression and metastasis.\" Abstract excerpt: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with an urgent need for novel therapeutic targets beyond the established driver mutations. Here, we identify the orphan nuclear receptor NR5A1 (Steroidogenic Factor-1) as an oncogenic factor in LUAD. Through integrated bioinformatic analyses, we discovered that NR5A1 is significantly overexpressed in LUAD tumors and","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.cellsig.2026.112453","pubmedId":"41765312","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Receptors, Kisspeptin-1\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2026.112453","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:56.236Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"d61950d3-fa85-43bc-b880-969b5c0c01f3","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Distribution of the kisspeptin system and its relation with gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the hypothalamus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39864946/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Distribution of the kisspeptin system and its relation with gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the hypothalamus.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin (KISS1), originally catalogued as metastin because of its capacity as a metastasis suppressor in human melanoma and breast cancer, is now recognized as the major puberty gatekeeper and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuroendocrine system modulator. It is a member of the family of RFamide-related peptides&#xa0;that also includes the neuropeptide FF group, the gonadotropin-inhibito","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.06.004","pubmedId":"39864946","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/bs.vh.2024.06.004","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:56.311Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"9cfc4393-af68-4dfe-85b3-86c3f49bd561","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Multiple effects of kisspeptin on neuroendocrine, reproduction, and metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39694850/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Multiple effects of kisspeptin on neuroendocrine, reproduction, and metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent and heterogeneous disease characterized by a combination of reproductive and endocrine abnormalities, often associated with metabolic and mental health disorders. The etiology and pathogenesis of PCOS remain unclear, but recent research has increasingly focused on the upstream mechanisms underlying its development. Among these, kisspeptin (KIS","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/jne.13482","pubmedId":"39694850","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/jne.13482","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:56.389Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"7bd3626d-18ac-49fa-b14a-0f24045d41ee","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Neuroanatomy of the Kisspeptin Signaling System in Mammals: Comparative and Developmental Aspects","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6199-9_3","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Neuroanatomy of the Kisspeptin Signaling System in Mammals: Comparative and Developmental Aspects\" Abstract excerpt: Our understanding of kisspeptin and its actions depends, in part, on a detailed knowledge of the neuroanatomy of the kisspeptin signaling system in the brain. In this chapter, we will review our current knowledge of the distribution of kisspeptin cells, fibers, and receptors in the mammalian brain, including the development, phenotype, and projections of different kisspeptin subpopulations. A fair","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-6199-9_3","pubmedId":"23550001","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6199-9_3","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:56.462Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"27295670-9e11-4740-8c00-cd9a5c9f5daf","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Adult Neurogenesis Is Regulated by the Endocannabinoid and Kisspeptin Systems.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40362219/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Adult Neurogenesis Is Regulated by the Endocannabinoid and Kisspeptin Systems.\" Abstract excerpt: Neurogenesis is considered the most robust form of plasticity in the adult brain. To better decipher this process, we evaluated the potential crosstalk of Kisspeptin and Endocannabinoid Systems (KPS and ECS, respectively) on hippocampal neurogenesis. Male adolescent rats were exposed to kisspeptin-10 (KP10) and the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) administered alone or in combination with the type","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3390/ijms26093977","pubmedId":"40362219","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/ijms26093977","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:07.474Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"e120051c-c3d0-4397-9087-b87b9fdb425d","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Activity of arcuate kisspeptin/neurokinin B neurons and the melanocortin system during pubertal development in female sheep†.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40156104/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Activity of arcuate kisspeptin/neurokinin B neurons and the melanocortin system during pubertal development in female sheep†.\" Abstract excerpt: The increase in luteinizing hormone (LH) that elicits puberty in many species results from a decrease in sensitivity to estradiol (E2) negative feedback. The neural mechanisms underlying this change are unknown, but do not occur at the gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons as they lack estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha). A potentially important area is the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, wher","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1093/biolre/ioaf074","pubmedId":"40156104","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/biolre/ioaf074","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:56.534Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"9d59ad27-ac72-4d5a-b699-04aa82546018","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Correlation between kisspeptin and biochemical markers in obese and non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37236245/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Correlation between kisspeptin and biochemical markers in obese and non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: Introduction The purpose of this study was to determine the association between kisspeptin levels and obesity in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or in healthy controls and to explore the correlation between levels of kisspeptin and various endocrine and metabolic indices in each group. Methods From August 2020 to December 2021, the clinical data of 78 patients with polycystic ovary ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1080/09513590.2023.2215869","pubmedId":"37236245","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/09513590.2023.2215869","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:56.606Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"f8ba7adc-ca19-4bc4-b3b6-e2991030db81","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The localization of kisspeptin and kisspeptin receptor in the canine ovary during different stages of the reproductive cycle","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rda.12841","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The localization of kisspeptin and kisspeptin receptor in the canine ovary during different stages of the reproductive cycle\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin is a neuropeptide involved in the hypothalamic regulation of reproduction in many species. Recent studies have revealed kisspeptin within the ovaries of rats, Siberian hamsters and humans, indicating a local role in reproduction. However, the role of kisspeptin in the ovary is poorly understood in the bitch. This study investigated the presence and location of kisspeptin protein (KISS1)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1111/rda.12841","pubmedId":"27774658","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/rda.12841","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:56.678Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"dd4ab73c-9f9c-4b37-b0dd-9a6e681c734e","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Discovery of Potent Kisspeptin Antagonists Delineate Physiological Mechanisms of Gonadotropin Regulation","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.5740-08.2009","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Discovery of Potent Kisspeptin Antagonists Delineate Physiological Mechanisms of Gonadotropin Regulation\" Abstract excerpt: Neurons that produce gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) are the final common pathway by which the brain regulates reproduction. GnRH neurons are regulated by an afferent network of kisspeptin-producing neurons. Kisspeptin binds to its cognate receptor on GnRH neurons and stimulates their activity, which in turn provides an obligatory signal for GnRH secretion, thus gating down-stream events sup","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.5740-08.2009","pubmedId":"19321788","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5740-08.2009","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:56.752Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"d456fc70-10ce-435e-b553-32136d577985","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Is there a role for kisspeptin in pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome?","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590.2017.1379499","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Is there a role for kisspeptin in pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome?\" Abstract excerpt: To investigate association of kisspeptin levels in infertile women with different ovarian reserve patterns. In this prospective cross-sectional study, 157 participants were recruited. The women were divided into three groups: (i) adequate ovarian reserve (AOR) (n = 57), (ii) high ovarian reserve (PCOS) (n = 60), (iii) diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) (n = 40). Weight, height, waist circumference (","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1080/09513590.2017.1379499","pubmedId":"28933574","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/09513590.2017.1379499","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:56.827Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"224c7eb9-abab-4dd4-a56d-63fd548c329d","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Chronic subcutaneous kisspeptin-10 stimulates gonadotropin secretion for 12 days in healthy men.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42549827/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Chronic subcutaneous kisspeptin-10 stimulates gonadotropin secretion for 12 days in healthy men.\" Abstract excerpt: To develop a protocol for chronic kisspeptin administration that persistently stimulates gonadotropin secretion. We evaluated the effects of acute and chronic subcutaneous kisspeptin-10 administration on reproductive hormones in healthy men to (1) characterize the acute dose--response relationship to subcutaneous kisspeptin-10 infusion, (2) assess the effects of continuous kisspeptin-10 infusion o","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1093/ejendo/lvag134","pubmedId":"42549827","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/ejendo/lvag134","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:56.904Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"20742be3-4232-4270-b371-caabd12b36ce","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Associations between kisspeptin hormone level and its genetic polymorphisms with polycystic ovary syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40704698/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Associations between kisspeptin hormone level and its genetic polymorphisms with polycystic ovary syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is among the most common endocrine and metabolic disorders. Kisspeptin, a neuropeptide, which has been implicated in enhancing hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis activity, might play a role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. However, previous studies have had inconsistent results. In this study, we conducted meta-analyses to assess the possible association between","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1002/ijgo.70411","pubmedId":"40704698","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/ijgo.70411","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:56.979Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"68517946-f2db-4626-89ff-71240843053d","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"A novel mechanism of kisspeptin regulating ovarian granulosa cell function via down-regulating let-7b to activate ERK/PI3K-Akt pathway in Tan sheep.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40354677/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"A novel mechanism of kisspeptin regulating ovarian granulosa cell function via down-regulating let-7b to activate ERK/PI3K-Akt pathway in Tan sheep.\" Abstract excerpt: The aim of this study was to verify the hypothesis that kisspeptin, a peptide encoded by the kiss1 gene, regulates steroidogenesis and cell proliferation in ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) from Tan sheep through modulation of let-7b and ITGB7 (integrin subunit beta 7). First, primary ovarian GCs were transfected with let-7b mimics and inhibitors. Next, HEK293T cells were cultured to validate the tar","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106947","pubmedId":"40354677","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106947","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:57.054Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"47fa408d-8634-4932-9d26-bded46d94572","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The role of neonatal kisspeptin in long-term social behavior in mammals.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40696196/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The role of neonatal kisspeptin in long-term social behavior in mammals.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptins (Kiss) are key regulators of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, influencing testosterone surges essential for brain masculinization and behavioral development in mammals. This study explored the effects of transient neonatal Kiss blockade on long-term social behaviors in Wistar rats. Newborn rats of both sexes were injected with either a Kiss antagonist or vehicle during the post","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s42003-025-08478-x","pubmedId":"40696196","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s42003-025-08478-x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:57.127Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"c70fe242-0fd5-4cbc-bd7d-8fc3114ae467","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Interactions between kisspeptin and bone: Cellular mechanisms, clinical evidence, and future potential.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39269749/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Interactions between kisspeptin and bone: Cellular mechanisms, clinical evidence, and future potential.\" Abstract excerpt: The neuropeptide kisspeptin and its cognate receptor have been extensively studied in reproductive physiology, with diverse and well-established functions, including as an upstream regulator of pubertal onset, reproductive hormone secretion, and sexual behavior. Besides classical reproduction, both kisspeptin and its receptor are extensively expressed in bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1111/nyas.15213","pubmedId":"39269749","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/nyas.15213","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:57.203Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"7f509b0f-c21d-4aba-92c3-1acc8b1dfbb9","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Mechanism of Arcuate Kisspeptin Neuron Synchronization in Acute Brain Slices From Female Mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37936337/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Mechanism of Arcuate Kisspeptin Neuron Synchronization in Acute Brain Slices From Female Mice.\" Abstract excerpt: The mechanism by which arcuate kisspeptin (ARNKISS) neurons co-expressing glutamate, neurokinin B, and dynorphin intermittently synchronize their activity to drive pulsatile hormone secretion remains unclear in females. In order to study spontaneous synchronization within the ARNKISS neuron network, acute brain slices were prepared from adult female Kiss1-GCaMP6 mice. Analysis of both spontaneous ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqad167","pubmedId":"37936337","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/endocr/bqad167","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:57.276Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"d22fa134-93c0-472f-9cce-b4a403826582","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Correlation of serum kisspeptin levels, ovarian kisspeptin expression, and ovarian BMP15 expression in rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37026063/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Correlation of serum kisspeptin levels, ovarian kisspeptin expression, and ovarian BMP15 expression in rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin is a neuropeptide that has an important role in the female reproductive cycle which is indicated by its role in regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. To analyze the correlation between serum kisspeptin levels, ovarian kisspeptin expression, and ovarian Bone Morphogenic Protein-15 (BMP15) expression in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) model rats. The research was accurate e","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i3.4","pubmedId":"37026063","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i3.4","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:57.352Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"dd82771a-2b81-442d-be46-cee140334bbd","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Interactions between kisspeptin and neurokinin B in the control of GnRH secretion in the female rat","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00517.2010","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Interactions between kisspeptin and neurokinin B in the control of GnRH secretion in the female rat\" Abstract excerpt: Neurokinin B (NKB) and its cognate receptor neurokinin 3 (NK3R) play a critical role in reproduction. NKB and NK3R are coexpressed with dynorphin (Dyn) and kisspeptin (Kiss1) genes in neurons of the arcuate nucleus (Arc). However, the mechanisms of action of NKB as a cotransmitter with kisspeptin and dynorphin remain poorly understood. We explored the role of NKB in the control of LH secretion in ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00517.2010","pubmedId":"21045176","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, rat\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00517.2010","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:57.428Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"9bf339c1-e780-4db6-89ac-25e1d3c817ef","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The Investigation of Kisspeptin, Spexin and Galanin in Euthyroid Women with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39056111/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The Investigation of Kisspeptin, Spexin and Galanin in Euthyroid Women with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.\" Abstract excerpt: The hallmarks of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) include the destruction of thyroid cells by leading to insulin resistance (IR), hypothyroidism, and metabolic abnormalities. Kisspeptin, spexin, and galanin control appetite and body weight (BW) to regulate metabolisms. Here, we sought to determine if galanin, kisspeptin, and spexin are linked to the pathophysiology of HT in euthyroid female individual","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1080/07435800.2024.2384576","pubmedId":"39056111","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/07435800.2024.2384576","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:57.503Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"88ce1ba1-e947-457c-8cd9-e23ab2ae65b3","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Emerging ideas about kisspeptin– GPR54 signaling in the neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2007.08.001","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Emerging ideas about kisspeptin– GPR54 signaling in the neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction\" Abstract excerpt: Neurons that produce gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) drive the reproductive axis, but the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which hormonal and environmental signals regulate GnRH secretion remain poorly understood. Kisspeptins are products of the Kiss1 gene, and the interaction of kisspeptin and its receptor GPR54 plays a crucial role in governing the onset of puberty and adult reproducti","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1016/j.tins.2007.08.001","pubmedId":"17904653","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.tins.2007.08.001","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:57.576Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"2a013ee5-f581-43d1-adec-53e5cc5d88be","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Interactions Between Kisspeptins and Neurokinin B","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6199-9_15","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Interactions Between Kisspeptins and Neurokinin B\" Abstract excerpt: Reproductive function is tightly regulated by an intricate network of central and peripheral factors; however, the precise mechanism triggering critical reproductive events, such as puberty onset, remains largely unknown. Recently, the neuropeptides kisspeptin (encoded by Kiss1) and neurokinin B (NKB, encoded by TAC3 in humans and Tac2 in rodents) have been placed as essential gatekeepers of puber","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-6199-9_15","pubmedId":"23550013","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6199-9_15","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:57.652Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"05cb8a64-2e67-40d7-bfea-7f75cd585467","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Nitric oxide mediated kisspeptin regulation of steroidogenesis and gametogenesis in the catfish, Clarias batrachus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38829397/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Nitric oxide mediated kisspeptin regulation of steroidogenesis and gametogenesis in the catfish, Clarias batrachus.\" Abstract excerpt: Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule that regulates various reproductive functions. It is a well-recognized regulator of GnRH-FSH/LH-sex steroid secretion in vertebrates including fish. Kisspeptin is a recently discovered neuropeptide which also regulates GnRH secretion. Nitrergic and kisspeptin neurons are reported in close physical contact in the mammalian brain suggesting their interactive r","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1007/s00441-024-03899-2","pubmedId":"38829397","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00441-024-03899-2","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:57.728Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"77d04345-2701-4fb3-9bab-eda03f13d0a7","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The role of placental kisspeptin in trophoblast invasion and migration: an assessment in <i>Kiss1r</i> knockout mice, BeWo cell lines and human term placenta.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38976640/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The role of placental kisspeptin in trophoblast invasion and migration: an assessment in <i>Kiss1r</i> knockout mice, BeWo cell lines and human term placenta.\" Abstract excerpt: Context There is mounting evidence implicating kisspeptin signalling in placental development and function. Aims This study aimed to elucidate kisspeptin's role in trophoblast invasion and migration using three experimental models. Methods First, we examined the mouse fetus and placenta in a kisspeptin receptor (Kiss1r) knockout (KO) model. Fetal/placental weights and gene expression (quantitative","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1071/rd23230","pubmedId":"38976640","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1071/rd23230","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:57.803Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"62b0fdf5-be3f-457e-ae33-08951002348d","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The interplay between kisspeptin and endocannabinoid systems modulates male hypothalamic and gonadic control of reproduction <i>in vivo</i>.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37900144/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The interplay between kisspeptin and endocannabinoid systems modulates male hypothalamic and gonadic control of reproduction <i>in vivo</i>.\" Abstract excerpt: Male reproduction is under the control of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) and the kisspeptin system (KS) are two major signaling systems in the central and peripheral control of reproduction, but their possible interaction has been poorly investigated in mammals. This manuscript analyzes their possible reciprocal modulation in the control of the HPG ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2023.1269334","pubmedId":"37900144","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1269334","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:57.876Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"b47a5c3c-3981-41c8-a389-be058ee6c6ab","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Exploring the Role of Kisspeptin in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Its Associated Pregnancy Complications.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40776390/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Exploring the Role of Kisspeptin in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Its Associated Pregnancy Complications.\" Abstract excerpt: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder with a complex pathogenesis that includes disordered follicle development, hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis dysfunction, hyperandrogenemia, and insulin resistance. The risk of complications during pregnancy, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia (PE), among PCOS patients is higher than that in the gener","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/obr.70008","pubmedId":"40776390","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/obr.70008","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:57.951Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"ba2cab7b-a793-45b5-8bf1-fe9ade573b43","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Targeted inhibition of kisspeptin neurons reverses hyperandrogenemia and abnormal hyperactive LH secretion in a preclinical mouse model of polycystic ovary syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38978296/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Targeted inhibition of kisspeptin neurons reverses hyperandrogenemia and abnormal hyperactive LH secretion in a preclinical mouse model of polycystic ovary syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: Do hyperactive kisspeptin neurons contribute to abnormally high LH secretion and downstream hyperandrogenemia in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-like conditions and can inhibition of kisspeptin neurons rescue such endocrine impairments? Targeted inhibition of endogenous kisspeptin neuron activity in a mouse model of PCOS reduced the abnormally hyperactive LH pulse secretion and hyperandrogenemia ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1093/humrep/deae153","pubmedId":"38978296","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/humrep/deae153","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:58.027Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"7e76c7b0-cd1c-462d-9cbf-19397602c0e8","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Selective depletion of kisspeptin neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus in early juvenile life reduces pubertal LH secretion and delays puberty onset in mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39377760/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Selective depletion of kisspeptin neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus in early juvenile life reduces pubertal LH secretion and delays puberty onset in mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Puberty is the critical developmental transition to reproductive capability driven by the activation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. The complex neural mechanisms underlying pubertal activation of GnRH secretion still remain unknown, yet likely include kisspeptin neurons. However, kisspeptin neurons reside in several hypothalamic areas and the specific kisspeptin population timin","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1096/fj.202401696r","pubmedId":"39377760","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1096/fj.202401696r","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:58.103Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"9a35f97c-7022-48c1-bad2-9a431bd619ef","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Evidence of a Role for Kisspeptin and Neurokinin B in Puberty of Female Sheep","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2011-2009","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Evidence of a Role for Kisspeptin and Neurokinin B in Puberty of Female Sheep\" Abstract excerpt: Puberty onset in female sheep is marked by a decrease in estradiol-negative feedback, allowing for the increase in GnRH and LH pulses that heralds the first ovulation. Based on recent genetic studies in humans, two possible neuropeptides that could promote puberty onset are kisspeptin and neurokinin B (NKB). Our first experiment determined whether the NKB agonist, senktide, could stimulate LH secr","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1210/en.2011-2009","pubmedId":"22434087","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2011-2009","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:58.179Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"f4c3fbab-b674-4943-87f3-4e9edae315fd","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Obesity Alters POMC and Kisspeptin Neuron Cross Talk Leading to Reduced Luteinizing Hormone in Male Mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38744532/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Obesity Alters POMC and Kisspeptin Neuron Cross Talk Leading to Reduced Luteinizing Hormone in Male Mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Obesity is associated with hypogonadism in males, characterized by low testosterone and sperm number. Previous studies determined that these stem from dysregulation of hypothalamic circuitry that regulates reproduction, by unknown mechanisms. Herein, we used mice fed chronic high-fat diet, which mimics human obesity, to determine mechanisms of impairment at the level of the hypothalamus, in partic","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.0222-24.2024","pubmedId":"38744532","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0222-24.2024","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:58.254Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"230cb5e0-2b7e-4b6e-a94c-223bfaff9e7c","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Optogenetics studies of kisspeptin neurons.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36731655/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Optogenetics studies of kisspeptin neurons.\" Abstract excerpt: Optical systems and genetic engineering technologies have made it possible to control neurons and unravel neuronal circuit behavior with high temporal and spatial resolution. The application of optogenetic strategies to understand the physiology of kisspeptin neuronal circuits has evolved in recent years among the neuroendocrine community. Kisspeptin neurons are fundamentally involved in controlli","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2023.170961","pubmedId":"36731655","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2023.170961","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:58.326Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"857be7e9-290a-478e-b2bc-ad5e46fd7404","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Current Perspectives on Kisspeptins Role in Behaviour.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35757400/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Current Perspectives on Kisspeptins Role in Behaviour.\" Abstract excerpt: The neuropeptide kisspeptin is now well-established as the master regulator of the mammalian reproductive axis. Beyond the hypothalamus, kisspeptin and its cognate receptor are also extensively distributed in extra-hypothalamic brain regions. An expanding pool of animal and human data demonstrates that kisspeptin sits within an extensive neuroanatomical and functional framework through which it ca","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2022.928143","pubmedId":"35757400","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.928143","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:58.400Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"16fd0b5e-2080-4e25-8fdc-b6add0ade338","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Prolactin Regulation of Kisspeptin Neurones in the Mouse Brain and its Role in the Lactation‐Induced Suppression of Kisspeptin Expression","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jne.12223","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Prolactin Regulation of Kisspeptin Neurones in the Mouse Brain and its Role in the Lactation‐Induced Suppression of Kisspeptin Expression\" Abstract excerpt: Hyperprolactinaemia is a major cause of infertility in both males and females, although the mechanism by which prolactin inhibits the reproductive axis is not clear. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that elevated prolactin causes suppression of kisspeptin expression in the hypothalamus, resulting in reduced release of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and consequent inf","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1111/jne.12223","pubmedId":"25207795","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, mouse\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/jne.12223","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:58.477Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"8d0221f1-641f-44a1-81d9-35b43d10016c","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Potential roles for the kisspeptin/kisspeptin receptor system in implantation and placentation","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmy046","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Potential roles for the kisspeptin/kisspeptin receptor system in implantation and placentation\" Abstract excerpt: Initially identified as suppressors of metastasis in various types of cancer, kisspeptins are a family of neuropeptides that are key regulators of the mammalian reproductive axis. Accumulating evidence has shown that kisspeptin is able to control both the pulsatile and surge GnRH release, playing fundamental roles in female reproduction, which include the secretion of gonadotropins, puberty onset,","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1093/humupd/dmy046","pubmedId":"30649364","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/humupd/dmy046","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:58.552Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"87a46c85-b74e-43cd-a515-87c353870999","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Metabolic regulation of kisspeptin - the link between energy balance and reproduction.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32427949/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Metabolic regulation of kisspeptin - the link between energy balance and reproduction.\" Abstract excerpt: Hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons serve as the nodal regulatory centre of reproductive function. These neurons are subjected to a plethora of regulatory factors that ultimately affect the release of kisspeptin, which modulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release from GnRH neurons to control the reproductive axis. The presence of sufficient energy reserves is critical to achieve successful ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1038/s41574-020-0363-7","pubmedId":"32427949","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: WPF seed. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41574-020-0363-7","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:58.627Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"697d821f-99a4-45a6-ac77-1b8fa1d141e4","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Characterization of the kisspeptin system in human spermatozoa","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2605.2011.01177.x","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Characterization of the kisspeptin system in human spermatozoa\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin, the product of the KISS1 gene, plays an essential role in the regulation of spermatogenesis acting primarily at the hypothalamic level of the gonadotropic axis. However, the presence of kisspeptin and its canonical receptor, KISS1R, in spermatozoa has not been explored nor the direct effects of kisspeptin on sperm function have been studied so far. In the present study, we analysed the","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2605.2011.01177.x","pubmedId":"21651574","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.2011.01177.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:58.702Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"93163942-a9db-405b-9f53-cdf84172fbc4","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The neuroanatomy of the kisspeptin system in the mammalian brain","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2008.09.004","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The neuroanatomy of the kisspeptin system in the mammalian brain\" Abstract excerpt: The kisspeptin precursor is the protein transcribed from the Kiss-1 gene and the kisspeptins are the peptides that are posttranslationally processed from the precursor. The kisspeptins activate the G-protein coupled receptor GPR54 and are strongly implicated in puberty onset and in regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary gonadal axis in mammals. Physiological studies have indicated that these effe","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2008.09.004","pubmedId":"18840491","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2008.09.004","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:58.775Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"4794a5d9-5900-4ae8-9139-2ad92dd17bbe","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The role of hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons in coordinating reproduction and metabolism.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41407546/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The role of hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons in coordinating reproduction and metabolism.\" Abstract excerpt: The hypothalamic control of fertility is a quintessential homeostatic function. Given that reproduction is metabolically demanding, coordination between energy status and reproductive function is essential. Since GnRH neurons lack receptors for key metabolic hormones, nutrient sensing must occur via presynaptic neurons. Among the candidates are anorexigenic POMC and orexigenic NPY/AgRP neurons, bo","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/jne.70128","pubmedId":"41407546","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/jne.70128","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:58.852Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"b2b17b0f-d00a-42fa-bac9-8fc292deb28b","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Postnatal Development of Kisspeptin Neurons in Mouse Hypothalamus; Sexual Dimorphism and Projections to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2006-0787","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Postnatal Development of Kisspeptin Neurons in Mouse Hypothalamus; Sexual Dimorphism and Projections to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons\" Abstract excerpt: The neuropeptide kisspeptin has recently been implicated as having a critical role in the activation of the GnRH neurons to bring about puberty. We examined here the postnatal development of kisspeptin neuronal populations and their projections to GnRH neurons in the mouse. Three populations of kisspeptin neurons located in the 1) anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and the preoptic periv","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1210/en.2006-0787","pubmedId":"16959837","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2006-0787","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:58.928Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"3e264064-f85d-4f25-9adf-ae65f795440f","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Molecular coevolution of kisspeptins and their receptors from fish to mammals","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05508.x","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Molecular coevolution of kisspeptins and their receptors from fish to mammals\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin and its receptor, GPR54, play a pivotal role in vertebrate reproduction. Recent advances in bioinformatic tools combined with comparative genomics have led to the identification of a large number of kisspeptin and GPR54 genes in a variety of vertebrate species. Genome duplications may have produced at least two isoforms of both ligand (KiSS1 and KiSS2) and receptor (GPR54-1 and GPR54-2)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05508.x","pubmedId":"20633134","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05508.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:59.003Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"694e9852-32c2-49fd-8752-a740d3d70786","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Anatomic distribution of kisspeptin neurons in the adult sheep amygdala: Associations with sex, estrogen receptor alpha, androgen receptor, and sexual partner preference.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40033683/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Anatomic distribution of kisspeptin neurons in the adult sheep amygdala: Associations with sex, estrogen receptor alpha, androgen receptor, and sexual partner preference.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin neurons are primarily known for regulating reproductive function by stimulating hormone release that controls puberty and fertility. While typically associated with the hypothalamus, recent research suggests their presence in other brain regions, including the amygdala. The amygdala, crucial for emotional processing and social behaviors, consists of various nuclei. However, the specific","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/jne.70011","pubmedId":"40033683","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/jne.70011","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:59.079Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"0e249ba6-108b-4d01-8901-3f5d536859d3","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Editorial: The versatile kisspeptin: advances in cancer, metabolism, and reproduction.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37522118/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Editorial: The versatile kisspeptin: advances in cancer, metabolism, and reproduction.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2023.1239694","pubmedId":"37522118","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1239694","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:59.155Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"aa011843-39df-4731-bfcc-62bfa82cf320","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Daily Rhythmic Changes in Kisspeptin Gene Expression and Testosterone Hormone in Male Syrian Hamsters (&lt;i&gt;Mesocricetus auratus&lt;/i&gt;).","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42555223/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Daily Rhythmic Changes in Kisspeptin Gene Expression and Testosterone Hormone in Male Syrian Hamsters (&lt;i&gt;Mesocricetus auratus&lt;/i&gt;).\" Abstract excerpt: This study examines how testosterone levels and kisspeptin gene expression are affected in male Syrian hamsters following pinealectomy and photoperiod modification. By examining the rhythmic changes in these parameters under long (16L: 8D) and short (8L: 16D) photoperiods, we aim to elucidate the role of melatonin and photoperiod in regulating seasonal reproductive physiology. One hundred and nine","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.2108/zs250118","pubmedId":"42555223","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2108/zs250118","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:59.231Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"ce862c7c-7870-4109-a437-bdf8773f7c91","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"First clinical use of the kisspeptin analog TAK-683 in the treatment of a follicular cyst in a goat: case report.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41817855/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"First clinical use of the kisspeptin analog TAK-683 in the treatment of a follicular cyst in a goat: case report.\" Abstract excerpt: This case report presents the therapeutic response to TAK&#x2011;683, a long-acting kisspeptin analog, in the treatment of a follicular cyst that developed following a conventional estrus synchronization protocol in a goat during the non-breeding season. A two-year-old lactating Aleppo goat showing persistent nymphomaniac behaviour after estrus synchronization was diagnosed with an ovarian follicu","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s11259-026-11141-3","pubmedId":"41817855","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s11259-026-11141-3","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:59.307Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"d7a16019-166a-47a0-bca3-11e7923c7c29","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Regulatory Involvement of Kisspeptin in Energy Balance and Reproduction.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39327386/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Regulatory Involvement of Kisspeptin in Energy Balance and Reproduction.\" Abstract excerpt: The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, which regulates steroidogenesis and germ cell formation, closely regulates the reproduction process. Nonetheless, other chemical mediators, such as kisspeptin, influence this axis. Kisspeptin is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that modulates the function of this axis and also plays a central role in energy balance. The present study reviews the impact and assoc","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s12013-024-01537-w","pubmedId":"39327386","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s12013-024-01537-w","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:59.383Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"4d5c7580-f40a-4890-96ba-eae94ad13537","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Comprehensive Analysis of Kisspeptin Signaling: Effects on Cellular Dynamics in Cervical Cancer.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39199311/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Comprehensive Analysis of Kisspeptin Signaling: Effects on Cellular Dynamics in Cervical Cancer.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin, a key neuropeptide derived from the KISS1R gene, is renowned for its critical role in regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and reproductive hormone secretion. Beyond its primary function in reproductive biology, emerging research has illuminated its influence in various cancers, mediating significant effects through its interaction with the G protein-coupled receptor, kis","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.3390/biom14080923","pubmedId":"39199311","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/biom14080923","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:59.460Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"a99884d8-98e6-4d57-a97c-6687e2006d00","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Subcutaneous Injection of Kisspeptin-54 Acutely Stimulates Gonadotropin Secretion in Women with Hypothalamic Amenorrhea, But Chronic Administration Causes Tachyphylaxis","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2009-0406","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Subcutaneous Injection of Kisspeptin-54 Acutely Stimulates Gonadotropin Secretion in Women with Hypothalamic Amenorrhea, But Chronic Administration Causes Tachyphylaxis\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin is a critical regulator of normal reproductive function. A single injection of kisspeptin in healthy human volunteers potently stimulates gonadotropin release. However, the effects of kisspeptin on gonadotropin release in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea (HA) and the effects of repeated administration of kisspeptin to humans are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effe","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2009-0406","pubmedId":"19820030","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0406","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:59.536Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"c434a1f0-9515-43fd-8766-05f07f2eacc2","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Neuroendocrine control by kisspeptins: role in metabolic regulation of fertility","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2011.147","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Neuroendocrine control by kisspeptins: role in metabolic regulation of fertility\" Abstract excerpt: The neurohormonal control of reproduction involves a hierarchical network of central and peripheral signals in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Development and function of this neuroendocrine system is the result of a lifelong delicate balance between endogenous regulators and environmental cues, including nutritional and metabolic factors. Kisspeptins are the peptide products of KIS","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1038/nrendo.2011.147","pubmedId":"21912400","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/nrendo.2011.147","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:59.611Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"bbc60e58-e2a3-49d8-8ba1-0cca19c2fa65","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Reproductive functions of Kisspeptin/KISS1R Systems in the Periphery","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-019-0511-x","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Reproductive functions of Kisspeptin/KISS1R Systems in the Periphery\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin and its G protein-coupled receptor KISS1R play key roles in mammalian reproduction due to their involvement in the onset of puberty and control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. However, recent studies have indicated a potential role of extra-hypothalamic kisspeptin in reproductive function. Here, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the physiological significa","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1186/s12958-019-0511-x","pubmedId":"31399145","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1186/s12958-019-0511-x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:59.686Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"0c00c3d2-f25b-4957-b3c1-90ef1bfb9f25","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Sex Steroid Regulation of Kisspeptin Circuits","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6199-9_13","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Sex Steroid Regulation of Kisspeptin Circuits\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin cells appear to be the \"missing link,\" bridging the divide between levels of gonadal steroids and feedback control of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. Kisspeptin neurons are important in the generation of both sex steroid negative and estrogen positive feedback signals to GnRH neurons, the former being involved in the tonic regulation of GnRH secretion in males and femal","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-6199-9_13","pubmedId":"23550011","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6199-9_13","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:59.760Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"b1b6a23a-f854-4864-a943-388ec9ec7ff3","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Organization of Two Independent Kisspeptin Systems Derived from Evolutionary-Ancient Kiss Genes in the Brain of Zebrafish","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2010-0948","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Organization of Two Independent Kisspeptin Systems Derived from Evolutionary-Ancient Kiss Genes in the Brain of Zebrafish\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptins are new actors in the neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction. In vertebrates, the number of kiss genes varies from none to three. Zebrafish have two kiss genes, kiss1 and kiss2, and two kiss receptors (GPR54), kiss1r and kiss2r. To provide detailed information on the organization of the kiss systems in zebrafish, antibodies were raised against the C terminus of zebrafish preproKiss1","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1210/en.2010-0948","pubmedId":"21325050","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, zebrafish\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2010-0948","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:01.441Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"c7e5a678-b8aa-4718-a72b-d18b833c7f4f","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Hypertrophy and Increased Kisspeptin Gene Expression in the Hypothalamic Infundibular Nucleus of Postmenopausal Women and Ovariectomized Monkeys","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-0553","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Hypertrophy and Increased Kisspeptin Gene Expression in the Hypothalamic Infundibular Nucleus of Postmenopausal Women and Ovariectomized Monkeys\" Abstract excerpt: Human menopause is characterized by ovarian failure, gonadotropin hypersecretion, and neuronal hypertrophy in the hypothalamic infundibular (arcuate) nucleus. Recent studies have demonstrated a critical role for kisspeptins in reproductive regulation, but it is not known whether menopause is accompanied by changes in hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons. Our objective was to map the location of neurons","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2007-0553","pubmedId":"17488799","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/jc.2007-0553","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:59.836Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"e03530ae-da03-40f9-a5f5-932a7caef587","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Serum Levels of Spexin and Kisspeptin Negatively Correlate With Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Women","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33549/physiolres.933467","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Serum Levels of Spexin and Kisspeptin Negatively Correlate With Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Women\" Abstract excerpt: Spexin (SPX) and kisspeptin (KISS) are novel peptides relevant in the context of regulation of metabolism, food intake, puberty and reproduction. Here, we studied changes of serum SPX and KISS levels in female non-obese volunteers (BMI&lt;25 kg/m(2)) and obese patients (BMI&gt;35 kg/m(2)). Correlations between SPX or KISS with BMI, McAuley index, QUICKI, HOMA IR, serum levels of insulin, glucagon,","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.33549/physiolres.933467","pubmedId":"29137471","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.33549/physiolres.933467","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:59.911Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"262b1d0a-05b6-4a2d-83d5-99ec0cbad88d","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Glucagon Regulates Hepatic Kisspeptin to Impair Insulin Secretion","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2014.03.005","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Glucagon Regulates Hepatic Kisspeptin to Impair Insulin Secretion\" Abstract excerpt: Early in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), dysregulated glucagon secretion from pancreatic &#x3b1; cells occurs prior to impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from &#x3b2; cells. However, whether hyperglucagonemia is causally linked to &#x3b2; cell dysfunction remains unclear. Here we show that glucagon stimulates via cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling hepatic production of ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2014.03.005","pubmedId":"24703698","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, mouse\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2014.03.005","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:43:59.988Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"d8d2ec90-5d36-4e97-8ff6-f3f6faf7bf01","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Dependence of fertility on kisspeptin–Gpr54 signaling at the GnRH neuron","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3492","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Dependence of fertility on kisspeptin–Gpr54 signaling at the GnRH neuron\" Abstract excerpt: Signaling between kisspeptin and its receptor, G-protein-coupled receptor 54 (Gpr54), is now recognized as being essential for normal fertility. However, the key cellular location of kisspeptin-Gpr54 signaling is unknown. Here we create a mouse with a GnRH neuron-specific deletion of Gpr54 to assess the role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. Mutant mice are infertile, fail to go th","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1038/ncomms3492","pubmedId":"24051579","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1r protein, mouse\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/ncomms3492","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:00.059Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"349d2689-12be-41fa-bbe3-d9117b54fb8a","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Administration of Exogenous Kisspeptin Induces Breeding Competence in Post-pubertal Female Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio).","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40552678/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Administration of Exogenous Kisspeptin Induces Breeding Competence in Post-pubertal Female Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio).\" Abstract excerpt: Puberty is a crucial stage in vertebrates, controlled by complex neuroendocrine mechanisms, yet its precise pathways remain unclear. Kisspeptin and melatonin are central to this regulation, acting as opposing forces: kisspeptin activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, while melatonin suppresses it. Serotonin also influences GnRH secretion. Despite advancements, identifying novel ho","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1002/mrd.70037","pubmedId":"40552678","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/mrd.70037","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:00.134Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"24e8b4ae-0583-4845-b3aa-9e9bad398158","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Molecular Evolution of Multiple Forms of Kisspeptins and GPR54 Receptors in Vertebrates","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2008-1679","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Molecular Evolution of Multiple Forms of Kisspeptins and GPR54 Receptors in Vertebrates\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin and its receptor GPR54 play important roles in mammalian reproduction and cancer metastasis. Because the KiSS and GPR54 genes have been identified in a limited number of vertebrate species, mainly in mammals, the evolutionary history of these genes is poorly understood. In the present study, we have cloned multiple forms of kisspeptin and GPR54 cDNAs from a variety of vertebrate species","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1210/en.2008-1679","pubmedId":"19164475","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2008-1679","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:03.895Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"57d90106-515d-48d0-bd38-5ec3a9b739b5","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Conditional Oprk1-dependent Kiss1 deletion in kisspeptin neurons caused estrogen-dependent LH pulse disruption and LH surge attenuation in female rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37993510/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Conditional Oprk1-dependent Kiss1 deletion in kisspeptin neurons caused estrogen-dependent LH pulse disruption and LH surge attenuation in female rats.\" Abstract excerpt: The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse and surge are considered to be generated by arcuate kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin A (KNDy) neurons and anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) kisspeptin neurons, respectively, in female rodents. The majority of KNDy and AVPV kisspeptin neurons express &#x3ba;-opioid receptors (KORs, encoded by Oprk1) in female rodents. Thus, this study aime","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-023-47222-5","pubmedId":"37993510","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41598-023-47222-5","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:00.207Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"27768331-74f3-416c-a8ae-706ee899c9c7","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Invited review: Translating kisspeptin and neurokinin B biology into new therapies for reproductive health.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36262016/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Invited review: Translating kisspeptin and neurokinin B biology into new therapies for reproductive health.\" Abstract excerpt: The reproductive neuropeptide kisspeptin has emerged as the master regulator of mammalian reproduction due to its key roles in the initiation of puberty and the control of fertility. Alongside the tachykinin neurokinin B and the endogenous opioid dynorphin, these peptides are central to the hormonal control of reproduction. Building on the expanding body of experimental animal models, interest has","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1111/jne.13201","pubmedId":"36262016","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/jne.13201","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:00.279Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"1a0ec964-48e6-42c0-a77a-4bc5f99c3c5c","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Comparative insights of the kisspeptin/kisspeptin receptor system: Lessons from non-mammalian vertebrates","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.11.015","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Comparative insights of the kisspeptin/kisspeptin receptor system: Lessons from non-mammalian vertebrates\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptins, the peptide products of the Kiss1 gene, were initially identified in mammals as ligands of the G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54; also termed Kiss1R) with ability to suppress tumor metastasis. In late 2003, the indispensable role of kisspeptins in the control of reproductive function was disclosed by the seminal observations that humans and mice carrying inactivating mutations of G","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.11.015","pubmedId":"22137912","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.11.015","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:00.355Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"5e6a8f73-9d40-41c6-9b98-850d7164243a","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Direct Pituitary Effects of Kisspeptin: Activation of Gonadotrophs and Somatotrophs and Stimulation of Luteinising Hormone and Growth Hormone Secretion","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.2007.01558.x","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Direct Pituitary Effects of Kisspeptin: Activation of Gonadotrophs and Somatotrophs and Stimulation of Luteinising Hormone and Growth Hormone Secretion\" Abstract excerpt: Recent, compelling evidence indicates that kisspeptins, the products of KiSS-1 gene, and their receptor GPR54, represent key elements in the neuroendocrine control of reproduction, and that they act primarily by regulating gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion at the hypothalamus. Conversely, and despite earlier reports showing GPR54 expression in the pituitary, the potential physiologi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2826.2007.01558.x","pubmedId":"17532794","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2007.01558.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:00.425Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"cef3a367-f0e2-4c19-8c74-3c9b0cf1895c","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Spatial local expressions of kisspeptin in the uterus and uterine tubes and its relationship to the reproductive potential in goats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38640803/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Spatial local expressions of kisspeptin in the uterus and uterine tubes and its relationship to the reproductive potential in goats.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptins are neuropeptides encoded by the Kiss1 gene that was discovered as a metastasis suppressor gene in melanoma and breast cancer. Kisspeptin has pivotal functions for gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion and plays integrated roles in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. However, little is known about the peripheral expression of kisspeptin in ruminants, especially in the female re","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106850","pubmedId":"38640803","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106850","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:00.499Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"b54ea19f-26f2-4175-a0cd-dcb19fa6bac1","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Dysregulated serum levels of kisspeptin, NKB, GABA in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and their association with hormonal profiles.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39932739/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Dysregulated serum levels of kisspeptin, NKB, GABA in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and their association with hormonal profiles.\" Abstract excerpt: The clinical study aimed to evaluate the levels of serum kisspeptin, NKB, and GABA in Chinese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and explore their association with hormonal profiles, as well as the relationship between these levels in PCOS patients and controls. From December 2022 to December 2023, medical records of 60 individuals diagnosed with PCOS and 32 healthy subjects were obtai","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2463533","pubmedId":"39932739","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/09513590.2025.2463533","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:00.571Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"c0a55167-4932-431f-b8ac-689f5d5ddf64","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Effect of a GnRH injection on kisspeptin levels in girls with suspected precocious puberty: a randomized-controlled pilot study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39847034/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Effect of a GnRH injection on kisspeptin levels in girls with suspected precocious puberty: a randomized-controlled pilot study.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin plays a major role in the onset of puberty by stimulating the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. The aim of this study was to investigate whether GnRH inhibits kisspeptin secretion via a negative feedback mechanism and potential associations between kisspeptin levels and other hormones of importance for pubertal onset. Thirteen girls with suspected central precocious puberty","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1515/jpem-2024-0606","pubmedId":"39847034","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1515/jpem-2024-0606","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:00.643Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"90881c55-3b28-4578-a312-4a6159e645e2","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Hypothyroidism Alters Uterine Kisspeptin System and Activity Modulators in Cyclic Rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39859259/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Hypothyroidism Alters Uterine Kisspeptin System and Activity Modulators in Cyclic Rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Hypothyroidism causes ovarian dysfunction and infertility in women and animals and impairs the hypothalamic expression of kisspeptin (Kp). However, kisspeptin is also expressed in the genital system, and the lack of the Kp receptor (Kiss1r) in the uterus is linked to reduced implantation rates. This study investigated the impact of hypothyroidism on the uterine expression of Kp and Kiss1r in femal","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3390/ijms26020543","pubmedId":"39859259","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/ijms26020543","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:00.715Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"ca01c624-0141-4d40-811b-06e1536d1b9a","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Novel therapeutic avenues for kisspeptin.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36413854/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Novel therapeutic avenues for kisspeptin.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that acts via the hypothalamus to stimulate hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone secretion and downstream gonadotrophin release. In health, kisspeptin induces normal puberty and modulates ovulation in healthy women. Hypothalamic kisspeptin expression is reduced in several functional reproductive disorders; thus, treating such conditions with kisspe","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.coph.2022.102319","pubmedId":"36413854","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.coph.2022.102319","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:00.786Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"485ead27-22f2-45bd-84ec-0faf443353cd","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF GPCRS: Kisspeptin/kisspeptin receptors","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/jme-13-0224","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF GPCRS: Kisspeptin/kisspeptin receptors\" Abstract excerpt: Following the discovery of kisspeptin (Kiss) and its receptor (GPR54 or KissR) in mammals, phylogenetic studies revealed up to three Kiss and four KissR paralogous genes in other vertebrates. The multiplicity of Kiss and KissR types in vertebrates probably originated from the two rounds of whole-genome duplication (1R and 2R) that occurred in early vertebrates. This review examines compelling rece","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1530/jme-13-0224","pubmedId":"24577719","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1R protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1530/jme-13-0224","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:00.858Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"78b29a8e-ef74-49c2-ab62-b9707d4f9eef","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Neuroanatomical Evidence That Kisspeptin Directly Regulates Isotocin and Vasotocin Neurons","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062776","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Neuroanatomical Evidence That Kisspeptin Directly Regulates Isotocin and Vasotocin Neurons\" Abstract excerpt: Neuropeptide kisspeptin has been suggested to be an essential central regulator of reproduction in response to changes in serum gonadal steroid concentrations. However, in spite of wide kisspeptin receptor distribution in the brain, especially in the preoptic area and hypothalamus, the research focus has mostly been confined to the kisspeptin regulation on GnRH neurons. Here, by using medaka whose","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0062776","pubmedId":"23638144","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062776","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:00.930Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"c5dad44f-1185-4f6c-bd50-a033d2ccde1e","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Metabolic control of puberty: Roles of leptin and kisspeptins","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.01.014","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Metabolic control of puberty: Roles of leptin and kisspeptins\" Abstract excerpt: This article is part of a Special Issue \"Puberty and Adolescence\". Reproduction is an energy-demanding function. Accordingly, puberty is metabolically gated, as a means to prevent fertility in conditions of energy insufficiency. In addition, obesity has been shown to impact the timing of puberty and may be among the causes for the earlier trends of pubertal age reported in various countries. The m","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.01.014","pubmedId":"23998663","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.01.014","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:06.523Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"78bda22f-74a4-4627-8e9f-893b685138c4","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Therapeutic potential of nasal kisspeptin-54 for reducing α-synuclein accumulation and restoring hippocampal synaptic plasticity in a 6-hydroxydopamine-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42676968/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Therapeutic potential of nasal kisspeptin-54 for reducing α-synuclein accumulation and restoring hippocampal synaptic plasticity in a 6-hydroxydopamine-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease.\" Abstract excerpt: Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and pathological aggregation of &#x3b1;-synuclein (&#x3b1;-syn), leading to significant motor and cognitive impairments. Kisspeptin-54 (KP-54), a neuropeptide primarily involved in reproductive regulation, has recently been implicated in neurorestorative processes, with emerging evidence suggesting benefi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.55730/1300-0144.6376","pubmedId":"42676968","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.55730/1300-0144.6376","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:01.075Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"ec0afb26-8e28-42a7-887f-202471789b80","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Neurokinin B Activates Arcuate Kisspeptin Neurons Through Multiple Tachykinin Receptors in the Male Mouse","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2013-1231","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Neurokinin B Activates Arcuate Kisspeptin Neurons Through Multiple Tachykinin Receptors in the Male Mouse\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin neurons located in the arcuate nucleus (ARN) coexpress dynorphin and neurokinin B (NKB) and may interact to influence gonadotropin secretion. Using a kisspeptin-green fluorescent protein mouse model, the present study examined whether the neuropeptides kisspeptin, dynorphin, and NKB modulate the electrical activity of ARN kisspeptin neurons in the adult male mouse. Cell-attached recordi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1210/en.2013-1231","pubmedId":"23744641","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2013-1231","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:01.150Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"51582214-0a87-4155-8cc4-fcbbb73e26fb","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Central administration of p234, kisspeptin antagonist, but not kisspeptin-10, reduces the power of epileptiform activity and slow EEG waves in male rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39838653/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Central administration of p234, kisspeptin antagonist, but not kisspeptin-10, reduces the power of epileptiform activity and slow EEG waves in male rats.\" Abstract excerpt: We aimed to investigate the effects of central kisspeptin-10 and p234 administration on basal brain activity and epilepsy-like conditions induced by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), as well as their roles in the electrocorticogram (ECoG) power spectrum and EEG waves. Thirty-five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: sham,4-AP (2.5 mg/kg i.p.), kisspeptin-10 post-treatment (200 pmoli.c.v.), p234 p","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2456293","pubmedId":"39838653","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/01616412.2025.2456293","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:01.222Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"17c1e9cb-95aa-4d7a-aee3-8d99c4b420a4","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Chronic Nasal Administration of Kisspeptin-54 Regulates Mood-Related Disorders Via Amygdaloid GABA in Hemi-Parkinsonian Rats","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39319821/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Chronic Nasal Administration of Kisspeptin-54 Regulates Mood-Related Disorders Via Amygdaloid GABA in Hemi-Parkinsonian Rats\" Abstract excerpt: Depression and anxiety, the most prevalent neuropsychiatric manifestations in Parkinson&#x2019;s disease (PD), negatively impact their quality of life. To determine whether the chronic nasal administration of kisspeptin-54 (KP-54) could. Alleviate symptoms of anxiety and depression in hemi-Parkinsonian rats. Experimental study. This study included adult Sprague Dawley male rats who were administer","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2024.2024-7-46","pubmedId":"39319821","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2024.2024-7-46","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:01.295Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"f7778549-578b-466b-8296-07e905f14ed3","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Neurokinin B and Dynorphin A in Kisspeptin Neurons of the Arcuate Nucleus Participate in Generation of Periodic Oscillation of Neural Activity Driving Pulsatile Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Secretion in the Goat","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.5848-09.2010","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Neurokinin B and Dynorphin A in Kisspeptin Neurons of the Arcuate Nucleus Participate in Generation of Periodic Oscillation of Neural Activity Driving Pulsatile Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Secretion in the Goat\" Abstract excerpt: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the basal forebrain are the final common pathway through which the brain regulates reproduction. GnRH secretion occurs in a pulsatile manner, and indirect evidence suggests the kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) serve as the central pacemaker that drives pulsatile GnRH secretion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.5848-09.2010","pubmedId":"20181609","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, rat\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5848-09.2010","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:01.367Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"0ce808f6-df72-40d1-8848-36b96839bbe3","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Analysis and Characterization of Kisspeptin and Its Analogues in Serum and Urine Samples by Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Doping Control Purposes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42057309/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Analysis and Characterization of Kisspeptin and Its Analogues in Serum and Urine Samples by Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Doping Control Purposes.\" Abstract excerpt: The use of testosterone-stimulating peptides for doping purposes is prohibited for male athletes by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Among these substances is kisspeptin (KP-54), its isoforms (KP-14, KP-13, and KP-10), and synthetic receptor agonists such as TAK-448. Thus, they have been included in the WADA Prohibited List in 2024. To enable effective detection of kisspeptin misuse, reliable ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1002/dta.70081","pubmedId":"42057309","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/dta.70081","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:01.514Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"28abc816-f1d9-46e8-8736-a403cc996abb","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Phase-dependent changes in serum kisspeptin and irisin levels across the menstrual cycle in healthy women.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41042501/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Phase-dependent changes in serum kisspeptin and irisin levels across the menstrual cycle in healthy women.\" Abstract excerpt: The menstrual cycle is a complex biological process regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, resulting in cyclical hormonal changes that affect various physiological systems. Irisin, a myokine linked to energy metabolism, and kisspeptin, a key regulator of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, are emerging as essential modulators of reproductive function. This study evaluat","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02716-z","pubmedId":"41042501","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s40618-025-02716-z","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:01.586Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"8d7c01fc-b71c-4590-ac10-2a7ecc1a3a7c","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Critical role of arcuate nucleus kisspeptin and Kiss1R in regulation of the ovine luteinizing hormone surge.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40033679/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Critical role of arcuate nucleus kisspeptin and Kiss1R in regulation of the ovine luteinizing hormone surge.\" Abstract excerpt: Hypothalamic kisspeptin (Kiss), neurokinin B (NKB), and dynorphin-containing (KNDy) neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) have consistently been shown to be the central generator of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and corresponding luteinizing hormone (LH) pulses in mammals and possibly contribute to surge secretion as well. Additionally, recent evidence from experiments in sheep suggests tha","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/jne.70010","pubmedId":"40033679","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/jne.70010","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:01.660Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"52e34259-a0df-4fbb-82cc-c137b70d2d81","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Functions of galanin, spexin and kisspeptin in metabolism, mood and behaviour","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-020-00438-1","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Functions of galanin, spexin and kisspeptin in metabolism, mood and behaviour\" Abstract excerpt: The bioactive peptides galanin, spexin and kisspeptin have a common ancestral origin&#xa0;and their pathophysiological roles are increasingly the subject of investigation. Evidence suggests that these bioactive peptides play a role in the regulation of metabolism, pancreatic &#x3b2;-cell function, energy homeostasis, mood and behaviour in several species, including zebrafish, rodents and humans. G","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1038/s41574-020-00438-1","pubmedId":"33273729","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41574-020-00438-1","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:01.735Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"01965f2a-c4b3-4922-afde-cc3f9510db42","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Identification of KiSS-1 Product Kisspeptin and Steroid-Sensitive Sexually Dimorphic Kisspeptin Neurons in Medaka (Oryzias latipes)","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2007-1503","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Identification of KiSS-1 Product Kisspeptin and Steroid-Sensitive Sexually Dimorphic Kisspeptin Neurons in Medaka (Oryzias latipes)\" Abstract excerpt: Recently, a novel physiologically active peptide, kisspeptin (metastin), has been reported to facilitate sexual maturation and ovulation by directly stimulating GnRH neurons in several mammalian species. Despite its importance in the neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction, kisspeptin neurons have only been studied in mammals, and there has been no report on the kisspeptin or kisspeptin neuronal","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1210/en.2007-1503","pubmedId":"18202129","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2007-1503","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:01.811Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"896ba61c-8b9c-4f74-b18e-f5bdc0cc05b6","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Existence of Coexpressive Role of Kisspeptin and Insulin-2 in the Regulation of Luteinizing Hormone in Chronic Stress-Induced Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome-Like Phenotype in Rattus norvegicus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40288358/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Existence of Coexpressive Role of Kisspeptin and Insulin-2 in the Regulation of Luteinizing Hormone in Chronic Stress-Induced Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome-Like Phenotype in Rattus norvegicus.\" Abstract excerpt: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an ill manifestation of the normal ovarian function that obstructs folliculogenesis. Clinically, patients diagnosed with PCOS possess chronic psychological distress with the downregulated hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis under the influence of cortisol, but, in contrast, studies done elsewhere have demonstrated an increased hypothalamus-pituitary activi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1159/000546126","pubmedId":"40288358","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1159/000546126","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:01.883Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"208328ad-e839-409f-a1dd-f6c67cb42c6d","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Estrogen-Regulated Lateral Septal Kisspeptin Neurons Abundantly Project to GnRH Neurons and the Hypothalamic Supramammillary Nucleus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39746822/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Estrogen-Regulated Lateral Septal Kisspeptin Neurons Abundantly Project to GnRH Neurons and the Hypothalamic Supramammillary Nucleus.\" Abstract excerpt: While hypothalamic kisspeptin (KP) neurons play well-established roles in the estrogen-dependent regulation of reproduction, little is known about extrahypothalamic KP-producing (KP LS ) neurons of the lateral septum. As established previously, Kiss1 expression in this region is low and regulated by estrogen receptor- and GABA B receptor-dependent mechanisms. Our present experiments on Kiss1-Cre/Z","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.1307-24.2024","pubmedId":"39746822","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1307-24.2024","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:01.956Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"b9d00527-ed7d-4ff5-a979-099d73d78fec","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Intraperitoneal administration of kisspeptin-10 modulates follicle maturation, gonadal steroids, calcium and metabolites in Sterlet sturgeon, Acipenser ruthenus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38401763/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Intraperitoneal administration of kisspeptin-10 modulates follicle maturation, gonadal steroids, calcium and metabolites in Sterlet sturgeon, Acipenser ruthenus.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin is a multifunctional neurohormone, primarily involved in the regulation of reproduction. We tested whether peripheral administration of kisspeptin10 (KP-10) via intraperitoneal injection or slow release affects reproductive hormones and metabolites in Sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus). Plasma and mucus 17&#x3b2;-estradiol (E 2 ), and testosterone (T), plasma and follicular vitelloge","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111609","pubmedId":"38401763","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111609","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:02.031Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"f528d75e-fd93-4213-9a67-9ae99e8e3a91","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Coevolution of the Spexin/Galanin/Kisspeptin Family: Spexin Activates Galanin Receptor Type II and III","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2013-2106","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Coevolution of the Spexin/Galanin/Kisspeptin Family: Spexin Activates Galanin Receptor Type II and III\" Abstract excerpt: The novel neuropeptide spexin (SPX) was discovered using bioinformatics. The function of this peptide is currently under investigation. Here, we identified SPX along with a second SPX gene (SPX2) in vertebrate genomes. Syntenic analysis and relocating SPXs and their neighbor genes on reconstructed vertebrate ancestral chromosomes revealed that SPXs reside in the near vicinity of the kisspeptin (KI","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1210/en.2013-2106","pubmedId":"24517231","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2013-2106","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:02.106Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"90eeffa4-4f73-4de0-8197-011c842f17e0","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Robust serotonin activation of the kisspeptin GnRH pulse generator in male and female mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41906629/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Robust serotonin activation of the kisspeptin GnRH pulse generator in male and female mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Serotonin neurons are thought to exert a modulatory influence on the secretion of the gonadotropin hormones in mammals, but their mechanism of action remains unclear. We examined here the potential role of serotonin neurons in modulating the activity of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator formed by the arcuate nucleus kisspeptin (ARNKISS) neurons. Acute brain slice electrophy","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqag034","pubmedId":"41906629","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/endocr/bqag034","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:02.178Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"00841525-392d-4c6c-bad3-d548da1fb877","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Investigation of effect peripheral kisspeptin treatment on hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in male rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39249652/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Investigation of effect peripheral kisspeptin treatment on hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in male rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin is an endogenous peptide hormone that is the most potent stimulator of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. The HPG axis can be suppressed by the activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The physiological role of kisspeptin in the interaction of the HPG axis and the HPA axis is not fully understood yet. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1007/s42977-024-00241-3","pubmedId":"39249652","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s42977-024-00241-3","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:02.250Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"699296ba-96bb-4728-9992-9800c57b873b","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The antidepressant-like effects of kisspeptin-10 are reversed by kisspeptin antagonist peptide 234 in male rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39605118/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The antidepressant-like effects of kisspeptin-10 are reversed by kisspeptin antagonist peptide 234 in male rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptins are reported to be the most potent activators of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis known to date. Kisspeptin potently elicits gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, even in the pre-pubertal period. Beyond the hypothalamus, kisspeptin is also expressed in limbic and paralimbic brain regions, which are areas of the neurobiologica","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.14715/cmb/2024.70.10.13","pubmedId":"39605118","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.14715/cmb/2024.70.10.13","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:02.323Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"377749cc-2764-48bf-833c-5cf28816da8f","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"GABA receptor modulation of arcuate kisspeptin neuron bursting and synchronization activity in female mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41912143/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"GABA receptor modulation of arcuate kisspeptin neuron bursting and synchronization activity in female mice.\" Abstract excerpt: The arcuate nucleus kisspeptin (ARN KISS ) neurons intermittently synchronize their activity to operate as the GnRH pulse generator and drive pulsatile reproductive hormone secretion in mammals. Although ARN KISS neurons are known to receive various GABAergic inputs, the effects of GABA A and GABA B receptor modulation on their ability to synchronize remain unknown. We have used GCaMP6s to monitor","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/jne.70170","pubmedId":"41912143","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/jne.70170","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:02.395Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"7afcc738-c673-4e00-b8bf-1c895349dd06","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Prolonged oscillating preoptic area kisspeptin neuron activity underlies the preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge in mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42095546/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Prolonged oscillating preoptic area kisspeptin neuron activity underlies the preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge in mice.\" Abstract excerpt: The population of kisspeptin neurons located in the rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle (RP3V) is thought to have a key role in generating the GnRH surge that triggers ovulation. Using a modified GCaMP fibre photometry procedure, we have been able to record the in vivo population activity of RP3V KISS neurons across the estrous cycle of female mice. A marked increase in GCaMP activ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.7554/elife.109215","pubmedId":"42095546","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.7554/elife.109215","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:02.470Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"5710927d-dc91-4662-b778-fe66ef72eefe","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Deletion of GABAB receptors from <i>Kiss1</i> cells affects glucose homeostasis without altering reproduction in male mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36652400/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Deletion of GABAB receptors from <i>Kiss1</i> cells affects glucose homeostasis without altering reproduction in male mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin and &#x3b3;-amino butyric acid (GABA), synthesized in the central nervous system, are critical for reproduction. Both are also expressed in peripheral organs/tissues critical to metabolic control (liver/pancreas/adipose). Many kisspeptin neurons coexpress GABAB receptors (GABABR) and GABA controls kisspeptin expression and secretion. We developed a unique mouse lacking GABABR exclusivel","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00129.2022","pubmedId":"36652400","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00129.2022","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:02.542Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"41ed2c6e-9e28-4524-b869-e9ad7351017a","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Deletion of Androgen Receptors From Kisspeptin Neurons Prevents PCOS Features in a Letrozole Mouse Model.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37191144/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Deletion of Androgen Receptors From Kisspeptin Neurons Prevents PCOS Features in a Letrozole Mouse Model.\" Abstract excerpt: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the leading cause of anovulatory infertility and is a heterogenous condition associated with a range of reproductive and metabolic impairments. While its etiology remains unclear, hyperandrogenism and impaired steroid negative feedback have been identified as key factors underpinning the development of PCOS-like features both clinically and in animal models. W","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqad077","pubmedId":"37191144","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/endocr/bqad077","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:02.632Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"5d149cc8-e809-4973-9b0f-4ffa07752d12","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Characterisation of Arcuate Nucleus Kisspeptin/Neurokinin B Neuronal Projections and Regulation during Lactation in the Rat","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.2010.02076.x","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Characterisation of Arcuate Nucleus Kisspeptin/Neurokinin B Neuronal Projections and Regulation during Lactation in the Rat\" Abstract excerpt: Lactation results in negative energy balance in the rat leading to decreased gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release and anoestrus. Inhibited GnRH release may be a result of decreased stimulatory tone from neuropeptides critical for GnRH neuronal activity, such as kisspeptin (Kiss1) and neurokinin B (NKB). The present study aimed to identify neuronal projections from the colocalised populat","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2826.2010.02076.x","pubmedId":"21029216","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, rat\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2010.02076.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:02.707Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"5686c600-25e7-4c7e-9ec9-bdc6f4a2cfab","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Advances in clinical applications of kisspeptin-GnRH pathway in female reproduction.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35606759/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Advances in clinical applications of kisspeptin-GnRH pathway in female reproduction.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin is the leading upstream regulator of pulsatile and surge Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone secretion (GnRH) in the hypothalamus, which acts as the key governor of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary axis. Exogenous kisspeptin or its receptor agonist can stimulate GnRH release and subsequent physiological gonadotropin secretion in humans. Based on the role of kisspeptin in the hypothalamus, a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1186/s12958-022-00953-y","pubmedId":"35606759","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1186/s12958-022-00953-y","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:02.779Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"8d01d03d-da26-4eb9-ae2d-6777b31cfd76","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Intracerebroventricular injection of kisspeptin in male rats activates hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis, but not hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38647103/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Intracerebroventricular injection of kisspeptin in male rats activates hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis, but not hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin is an important hormone involved in the stimulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis. The HPG axis can be suppressed in certain conditions such as stress, which gives rise to the activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. However, the physiological role of kisspeptin in the interaction of HPG and HPA axis is not fully understood yet. This study was conduc","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1080/10799893.2024.2333470","pubmedId":"38647103","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/10799893.2024.2333470","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:02.851Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"5962fbf1-dcbf-47d3-b01e-a95e39a34e5e","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Effects of electroacupuncture on the kisspeptin-gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) /luteinizing hormone (LH) neural circuit abnormalities and androgen receptor expression of kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin neurons in PCOS rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36650561/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Effects of electroacupuncture on the kisspeptin-gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) /luteinizing hormone (LH) neural circuit abnormalities and androgen receptor expression of kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin neurons in PCOS rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenism, anovulation, and polycystic ovaries. Electroacupuncture (EA) can effectively improve hyperandrogenism and increase ovulation frequency in patients with PCOS. Pieces of suggest that androgen activity in the brain is associated with impaired steroid negative feedback in such patients. Studies have shown that EA regulated androgen","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1186/s13048-022-01078-x","pubmedId":"36650561","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1186/s13048-022-01078-x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:02.926Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"194c8781-c270-4a44-8543-8963d79e5cf1","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Associations between maternal urinary kisspeptin in late pregnancy and decreased fetal growth: a pregnancy-birth cohort study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38318290/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Associations between maternal urinary kisspeptin in late pregnancy and decreased fetal growth: a pregnancy-birth cohort study.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin has been indicated to be a biomarker of fetal growth. Although some evidence suggested that maternal kisspeptin concentrations in early pregnancy were associated with increased fetal growth, studies are still limited and the effect of kisspeptin in late pregnancy remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the associations between maternal kisspeptin in late pregnancy and fetal gro","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2024.1257248","pubmedId":"38318290","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1257248","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:02.998Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"e7d9ce2c-e5ce-4edf-ae33-f59b23f4b719","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Postnatal Development of an Estradiol-Kisspeptin Positive Feedback Mechanism Implicated in Puberty Onset","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2008-1733","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Postnatal Development of an Estradiol-Kisspeptin Positive Feedback Mechanism Implicated in Puberty Onset\" Abstract excerpt: The regulation of GnRH neurons by kisspeptin is critical for normal puberty onset in mammals. In the rodent the kisspeptin neurons innervating GnRH neurons are thought to reside in the rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle (RP3V). Using kisspeptin immunocytochemistry we show that kisspeptin peptide expression in the RP3V of female mice begins around postnatal d 15 (P15) and rapidly i","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1210/en.2008-1733","pubmedId":"19299459","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, mouse\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2008-1733","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:03.071Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"532ff86d-af43-4a2d-88f0-381b6a7a54c5","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"[Notch1/Akt/Foxo1 Pathway Regulated by Kisspeptin Is Involved in Endometrial Decidualization in Patients With Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion].","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38948287/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"[Notch1/Akt/Foxo1 Pathway Regulated by Kisspeptin Is Involved in Endometrial Decidualization in Patients With Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion].\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin, a protein encoded by the KISS1 gene, functions as an essential factor in suppressing tumor growth. The intricate orchestration of cellular processes such as proliferation and differentiation is governed by the Notch1/Akt/Foxo1 signaling pathway, which assumes a central role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. In the specific context of this investigation, the focal point lies in a met","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.12182/20240560206","pubmedId":"38948287","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.12182/20240560206","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:03.147Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"2422524f-4785-4b1b-8dcf-25e083a60f9c","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Vesicular GABA transport expression in kisspeptin cells may contribute to the preovulatory gonadotropin surge.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42100207/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Vesicular GABA transport expression in kisspeptin cells may contribute to the preovulatory gonadotropin surge.\" Abstract excerpt: The neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays a vital role in the modulation of reproductive function by controlling gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. Most kisspeptin neurons, which are key regulators of GnRH neurons, coexpress GABA and other neuropeptides. However, whether the expression of the vesicular GABA transporter (Vgat) in kisspeptin cells contributes to the rep","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1807596","pubmedId":"42100207","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1807596","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:03.222Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"71908f39-6ca9-4756-8172-d9cb6d343f6a","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Synthesis and characterisation of DOTA-kisspeptin-10 as a potential gallium-68/lutetium-177 pan-tumour radiopharmaceutical.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39775975/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Synthesis and characterisation of DOTA-kisspeptin-10 as a potential gallium-68/lutetium-177 pan-tumour radiopharmaceutical.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin (KISS1) and its cognate receptor (KISS1R) are implicated in the progression of various cancers. A gallium-68 labelled kisspeptin-10 (KP10), the minimal biologically active structure, has potential as a pan-tumour radiopharmaceutical for the detection of cancers. Furthermore, a lutetium-177 labelled KP10 could find therapeutic application in treating oncological diseases. DOTA (1,4,7,10-","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/jne.13487","pubmedId":"39775975","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/jne.13487","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:03.294Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"861e2da1-17d3-4d9b-bbe3-92270f0ec73d","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The Integrated Hypothalamic Tachykinin-Kisspeptin System as a Central Coordinator for Reproduction","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2014-1651","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The Integrated Hypothalamic Tachykinin-Kisspeptin System as a Central Coordinator for Reproduction\" Abstract excerpt: Tachykinins are comprised of the family of related peptides, substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and neurokinin B (NKB). NKB has emerged as regulator of kisspeptin release in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), whereas the roles of SP and NKA in reproduction remain unknown. This work explores the roles of SP and NKA in the central regulation of GnRH release. First, central infusion of specific agonists f","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1210/en.2014-1651","pubmedId":"25422875","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, mouse\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2014-1651","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:03.371Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"988207f5-3693-45ff-ba92-623de5b012f5","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Chronic subcutaneous administration of kisspeptin-54 causes testicular degeneration in adult male rats","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00040.2006","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Chronic subcutaneous administration of kisspeptin-54 causes testicular degeneration in adult male rats\" Abstract excerpt: The kisspeptins are KiSS-1 gene-derived peptides that signal through the G protein-coupled receptor-54 (GPR54) and have recently been shown to be critical regulators of reproduction. Acute intracerebroventricular or peripheral administration of kisspeptin stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. This effect is thought to be mediated via the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing horm","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00040.2006","pubmedId":"16787965","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00040.2006","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:03.447Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"5ea714a7-7104-4f6b-871c-4fcedafadee9","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Chronic inflammation decreases arcuate kisspeptin expression in male sheep.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38901139/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Chronic inflammation decreases arcuate kisspeptin expression in male sheep.\" Abstract excerpt: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria induces an immune response and impairs reproduction through suppression of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), subsequently luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. While there is evidence that acute inflammation inhibits kisspeptin, little is known about the impact of chronic inflammation on this key reproductive neuropeptide in livestock species","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106868","pubmedId":"38901139","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106868","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:03.524Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"da975fcc-99b7-4643-bca2-4d33df8d433b","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Neuroanatomy of the Human Hypothalamic Kisspeptin System","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000356903","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Neuroanatomy of the Human Hypothalamic Kisspeptin System\" Abstract excerpt: Hypothalamic kisspeptin (KP) neurons are key players in the neuronal network that regulates the onset of puberty and the pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). In various mammalian species, the majority of KP-synthesizing neurons are concentrated in two distinct cell populations in the preoptic region and the arcuate nucleus (ARC). While studies of female rodents have provid","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1159/000356903","pubmedId":"24401651","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1159/000356903","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:03.601Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"990029f3-82ef-4f42-a0c1-3b2da7aa4fbb","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Sex-specific hypothalamic expression of kisspeptin, gonadotropin releasing hormone, and kisspeptin receptor in progressive demyelination model.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35718292/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Sex-specific hypothalamic expression of kisspeptin, gonadotropin releasing hormone, and kisspeptin receptor in progressive demyelination model.\" Abstract excerpt: Demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, decrease the quality of life of patients and can affect reproduction. Assisted reproductive therapies are available, which although effective, aggravate motor symptoms. For this reason, it is important to determine how the control of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis is affected in order to develop better strategies for these patients. One ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102120","pubmedId":"35718292","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1r protein, mouse\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102120","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:03.679Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"c3918568-a8a3-42b8-a6ac-42b36fc72434","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Evaluation of Betatrophin, Chemerin, and Kisspeptin Levels in Acromegaly Patients.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40264311/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Evaluation of Betatrophin, Chemerin, and Kisspeptin Levels in Acromegaly Patients.\" Abstract excerpt: Acromegaly is a chronic disorder characterized by excessive growth hormone (GH) secretion from pituitary somatotroph cells, resulting in metabolic complications and increased morbidity. Elevated levels of GH and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) contribute to various metabolic and morphological abnormalities. Betatrophin, produced in the liver and adipose tissue, plays a significant role in reg","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.2174/0118715303375180250312035323","pubmedId":"40264311","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2174/0118715303375180250312035323","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:03.823Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"694f4b1d-0719-403c-9b3d-99575e4dd304","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Central and peripheral administration of kisspeptin activates gonadotropin but not somatotropin secretion in prepubertal gilts","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/rep-07-0502","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Central and peripheral administration of kisspeptin activates gonadotropin but not somatotropin secretion in prepubertal gilts\" Abstract excerpt: It is well established that kisspeptin signaling is necessary for the onset of puberty in laboratory animals. However, the role that kisspeptin may have in regulating puberty in large domestic animals is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that either central or peripheral infusion of kisspeptin would stimulate gonadotropin and GH secretion in prepubertal gilts. In experiment 1, prepubertal gilts we","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1530/rep-07-0502","pubmedId":"18339687","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, mouse\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1530/rep-07-0502","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:03.971Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"c926d9a6-060b-4b75-8f82-885188052667","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Central and Peripheral Administration of Kisspeptin‐10 Stimulates the Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Gonadal Axis","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.2004.01240.x","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Central and Peripheral Administration of Kisspeptin‐10 Stimulates the Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Gonadal Axis\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin is the peptide product of the KiSS-1 gene and the endogenous agonist for the GPR54 receptor. Recent evidence suggests the kisspeptin/GPR54 system is a key regulator of the reproductive system. We examined the effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) and peripheral administration of the active kisspeptin fragment, kisspeptin-10, on circulating gonadotrophins and total testosterone leve","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2826.2004.01240.x","pubmedId":"15500545","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2004.01240.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:04.042Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"766e24fc-d919-4341-bc6d-4ccab08103da","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Current and future applications of GnRH, kisspeptin and neurokinin B analogues","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2013.120","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Current and future applications of GnRH, kisspeptin and neurokinin B analogues\" Abstract excerpt: Reproductive hormones affect all stages of life from gamete production, fertilization, fetal development and parturition, neonatal development and puberty through to adulthood and senescence. The reproductive hormone cascade has, therefore, been the target for the development of numerous drugs that modulate its activity at many levels. As the central regulator of the cascade, gonadotropin-releasin","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1038/nrendo.2013.120","pubmedId":"23817290","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/nrendo.2013.120","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:04.115Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"ef646577-62bf-446d-a0e6-adfad3b3f579","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Oral sodium oxybate does not alter plasma kisspeptin levels in healthy male volunteers.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37401623/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Oral sodium oxybate does not alter plasma kisspeptin levels in healthy male volunteers.\" Abstract excerpt: Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB, clinically administrated as sodium oxybate) is a GABA-B/GHB receptor agonist inducing prosexual effects and progesterone secretion in humans. As the neuropeptide kisspeptin has well-established roles in regulating sexual behavior and as it was also associated with GABA-B receptor and progesterone function, we investigated the effect of two GHB doses (20 and 35 mg/kg p.o","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1177/02698811231185097","pubmedId":"37401623","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/02698811231185097","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:04.190Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"02a7d81c-a25d-421c-b9d2-a425f4966475","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Brainstem noradrenergic modulation of the kisspeptin neuron GnRH pulse generator in mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40593679/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Brainstem noradrenergic modulation of the kisspeptin neuron GnRH pulse generator in mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Brainstem noradrenaline (NA) neurons modulate the activity of many neural networks including those responsible for the control of fertility. Using brain slice electrophysiology, we demonstrate that the arcuate nucleus kisspeptin (ARN KISS ) neurons, recently identified to be the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator, are directly hyperpolarized by NA through both alpha 2- and beta-","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-60837-8","pubmedId":"40593679","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41467-025-60837-8","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:04.263Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"205eca2e-d65a-45d8-a6ce-e92b301bd4a5","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Phoenixin Activates Immortalized GnRH and Kisspeptin Neurons Through the Novel Receptor GPR173","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/me.2016-1039","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Phoenixin Activates Immortalized GnRH and Kisspeptin Neurons Through the Novel Receptor GPR173\" Abstract excerpt: Reproductive function is coordinated by kisspeptin (Kiss) and GnRH neurons. Phoenixin-20 amide (PNX) is a recently described peptide found to increase GnRH-stimulated LH secretion in the pituitary. However, the effects of PNX in the hypothalamus, the putative signaling pathways, and PNX receptor have yet to be identified. The mHypoA-GnRH/GFP and mHypoA-Kiss/GFP-3 cell lines represent populations o","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1210/me.2016-1039","pubmedId":"27268078","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, mouse\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/me.2016-1039","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:04.338Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"4dde66fc-2c40-47f6-a148-0bc8ba579bf7","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Manipulating seasonality by using PMSG and Kisspeptin hormones and the impact of the MTNR1A gene on reproduction efficiency in ewes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41035969/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Manipulating seasonality by using PMSG and Kisspeptin hormones and the impact of the MTNR1A gene on reproduction efficiency in ewes.\" Abstract excerpt: One of the most important problems in sheep is seasonal anestrus, which limits the reproductive efficiency of the sheep. Estrous synchronization is considered the first plan for reproductive performance in sheep due to the pregnancy time is limited, and parturition as well as an increase in twining and reached good genetic characteristics. This study aimed to manipulate seasonality that limits fer","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.5455/ovj.2025.v15.i8.19","pubmedId":"41035969","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.5455/ovj.2025.v15.i8.19","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:04.412Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"66ab35b2-229f-4b14-a559-4ad6b2aa187f","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Developmental Changes in the Expression of Kisspeptin mRNA in Rat Hypothalamus","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-010-9430-1","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Developmental Changes in the Expression of Kisspeptin mRNA in Rat Hypothalamus\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin is a family of neuropeptides and the natural ligands of G protein-coupled receptor (GPR)-54. Kisspeptin/GPR-54 system is known to play a pivotal role in puberty onset and in the regulation of reproductive functions. To clarify the postnatal ontogeny of kisspeptin neurons in rat hypothalamus, we analyzed the expression patterns of kisspeptin mRNA from neonate to adult by in situ hybridiz","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1007/s12031-010-9430-1","pubmedId":"20665248","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, rat\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s12031-010-9430-1","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:04.488Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"27221f01-a377-4ffd-bd1a-3d3816211293","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The association between 1st trimester serum kisspeptin level and antenatal complications.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40663448/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The association between 1st trimester serum kisspeptin level and antenatal complications.\" Abstract excerpt: We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of serum kisspeptin (KP), measured in the 1st trimester (11-14 weeks), as a new biomarker that can predict antenatal complications. A prospective case-control study of prospectively collected data. Blood samples of all patients (N = 124) were preserved at -70 &#xb0;C for the assessment of serum KP-10 and KP-54 levels. The KP levels were analyzed for comparison a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.48095/cccg2025212","pubmedId":"40663448","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.48095/cccg2025212","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:04.564Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"c54e8ca1-ab84-41f9-a725-17992529dd1e","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Selective optogenetic activation of arcuate kisspeptin neurons generates pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1512243112","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Selective optogenetic activation of arcuate kisspeptin neurons generates pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion\" Abstract excerpt: Normal reproductive functioning in mammals depends upon gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons generating a pulsatile pattern of gonadotropin secretion. The neural mechanism underlying the episodic release of GnRH is not known, although recent studies have suggested that the kisspeptin neurons located in the arcuate nucleus (ARN) may be involved. In the present experiments we expressed chan","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1073/pnas.1512243112","pubmedId":"26443858","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1512243112","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:04.639Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"5025efcf-5f9b-4fc6-802b-be89672c0100","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Is There an Association Between Circulating Kisspeptin Levels and Ovarian Reserve in Women of Reproductive Age?","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37652519/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Is There an Association Between Circulating Kisspeptin Levels and Ovarian Reserve in Women of Reproductive Age?\" Abstract excerpt: To investigate the possible association of kisspeptin levels with the ovarian reserves of women of reproductive age. Eighty women aged 19-40 participated after signing an informed consent. Of these, 74 were finally included as in 6 women the blood samples were considered inappropriate due to hemolysis. They were divided into three main groups according to their ovarian reserve patterns: women with","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.21873/invivo.13322","pubmedId":"37652519","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.21873/invivo.13322","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:04.715Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"2093dbdd-fa50-4af5-ae00-f10300c52ac7","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Reduced voluntary wheel running behaviour in Kiss1r knockout mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39317294/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Reduced voluntary wheel running behaviour in Kiss1r knockout mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin and its receptor, Kiss1r, are novel players in the central balance of energy intake and expenditure. Recent evidence also indicates that kisspeptin signalling is important in thermoregulation and generation of the circadian rhythm. We used global Kiss1r knockout mice (Kiss1r KO), which are hypogonadal and develop obesity, to determine the impact of kisspeptin on circadian related behavi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114701","pubmedId":"39317294","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Receptors, Kisspeptin-1\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114701","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:04.792Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"6869f7e7-6fda-4d76-b109-413914eaff35","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"What is the protective effect of preischemic kisspeptin-10 administration against ischemia/reperfusion injury of striatum on mice?","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36422497/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"What is the protective effect of preischemic kisspeptin-10 administration against ischemia/reperfusion injury of striatum on mice?\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin is a neuropeptide with a primary role on the onset of puberty and has beneficial effects on ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) injury. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of kisspeptin administration on striatal I/R injury in mice. Forty adult C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: Sham, Kisspeptin, I/R, and I/R + Kisspeptin groups. The groups were administered with","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.55730/1300-0144.5493","pubmedId":"36422497","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.55730/1300-0144.5493","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:04.867Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"bb80cd2f-0498-45b5-bf4b-9b02ac426cb2","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Involvement of Anteroventral Periventricular Metastin/Kisspeptin Neurons in Estrogen Positive Feedback Action on Luteinizing Hormone Release in Female Rats","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.18146","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Involvement of Anteroventral Periventricular Metastin/Kisspeptin Neurons in Estrogen Positive Feedback Action on Luteinizing Hormone Release in Female Rats\" Abstract excerpt: Metastin/kisspeptin, the KiSS-1 gene product, has been identified as an endogenous ligand of GPR54 that reportedly regulates GnRH/LH surges and estrous cyclicity in female rats. The aim of the present study was to determine if metastin/kisspeptin neurons are a target of estrogen positive feedback to induce GnRH/LH surges. We demonstrated that preoptic area (POA) infusion of the anti-rat metastin/k","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1262/jrd.18146","pubmedId":"17213691","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, rat\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1262/jrd.18146","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:04.943Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"910a40a8-a79c-48a2-9599-47c02c551001","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"A prospective study to evaluate whether serum kisspeptin is a marker predictive of the first-trimester miscarriage of women who conceive in IVF.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37935913/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"A prospective study to evaluate whether serum kisspeptin is a marker predictive of the first-trimester miscarriage of women who conceive in IVF.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin is an emerging biomarker for the discrimination of viable pregnancy. The aim of the study is to determine whether serum kisspeptin can predict the first-trimester miscarriage and compare it with serum HCG in the prediction of the first-trimester miscarriage. This study is a prospective case-control design including 178 women who had experienced early miscarriage (n = 21) and viable sing","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1007/s10815-023-02974-x","pubmedId":"37935913","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s10815-023-02974-x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:05.019Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"7205229c-5d4b-45fb-9f5d-d9845ca79378","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Effects of empagliflozin on the expression of kisspeptin gene and reproductive system function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36479221/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Effects of empagliflozin on the expression of kisspeptin gene and reproductive system function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats.\" Abstract excerpt: One of the main health concerns of diabetes is testicular dysfunction and impairment of reproductive function and sperm quality which can cause male infertility. kisspeptin is a hypothalamic neuropeptide hormone that is involved in the regulation of energy metabolism, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and reproductive function. In the present study, the therapeutic effects of empagliflozin (","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2022.1059942","pubmedId":"36479221","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.1059942","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:05.096Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"a184ec07-e99b-4bea-aada-31e9b7df96e9","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The Metastasis Suppressor Gene KiSS-1 Encodes Kisspeptins, the Natural Ligands of the Orphan G Protein-coupled Receptor GPR54","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m104847200","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The Metastasis Suppressor Gene KiSS-1 Encodes Kisspeptins, the Natural Ligands of the Orphan G Protein-coupled Receptor GPR54\" Abstract excerpt: Natural peptides displaying agonist activity on the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR54 were isolated from human placenta. These 54-, 14,- and 13-amino acid peptides, with a common RF-amide C terminus, derive from the product of KiSS-1, a metastasis suppressor gene for melanoma cells, and were therefore designated kisspeptins. They bound with low nanomolar affinities to rat and human GPR54 exp","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2001,"doi":"10.1074/jbc.m104847200","pubmedId":"11457843","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1074/jbc.m104847200","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:05.171Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"41775221-d796-426c-9a6c-0f2aa8a15407","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Gonadotropin secretion and ovarian response of KISS1 knockout gilts treated with hormone analogs activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis†.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40751666/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Gonadotropin secretion and ovarian response of KISS1 knockout gilts treated with hormone analogs activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis†.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin knockout (KISS1-/-) pigs exhibit hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Hormone analogs targeting different levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis were used to characterize the secretion of reproductive hormones (LH, luteinizing hormone; and follicle-stimulating hormone, FSH) and ovarian responses (estradiol and progesterone) in KISS1-/- gilts. Uteri and ovaries were collected from KIS","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1093/biolre/ioaf174","pubmedId":"40751666","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/biolre/ioaf174","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:05.243Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"3a5d1543-c36c-47d2-a7b4-f5ba1ecdda35","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Effect of galanin-like peptide on hypothalamic kisspeptin expression in female Zucker fatty rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39672293/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Effect of galanin-like peptide on hypothalamic kisspeptin expression in female Zucker fatty rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin and galanin-like peptide (GALP) neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) are involved in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuron-mediated pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. Zucker fatty (ZF) rats display a leptin receptor gene abnormality and suppressed pulsatile LH secretion. ZF rats reportedly exhibit low hypothalamic GALP and kisspeptin expression, and GALP a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.neulet.2024.138081","pubmedId":"39672293","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2024.138081","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:05.316Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"4dc250ff-5420-4bc5-9011-12c47e0f7bb7","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Predictive efficiency of phoenixin, spexin and kisspeptin neuropeptides concentration levels in diagnosis of bipolar disorder in paediatric population.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36989336/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Predictive efficiency of phoenixin, spexin and kisspeptin neuropeptides concentration levels in diagnosis of bipolar disorder in paediatric population.\" Abstract excerpt: The aim of the study was to assess concentrations of the following neuropeptides: phoenixin, spexin and kisspeptin in venous blood serum of children and adolescents suffering from bipolar disorder, and by this their predictive efficiency in this disorder. The study covered 75 individuals with a mean age of 15.26 years (95% CI: 14.86-15.67), of which the study group comprised of 57 individuals diag","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.12740/pp/onlinefirst/155178","pubmedId":"36989336","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.12740/pp/onlinefirst/155178","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:05.391Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"1362249d-be8c-409c-b10a-9537cb9eba1d","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"CRISPR-Cas9 knockdown of ESR1 in preoptic GABA-kisspeptin neurons suppresses the preovulatory surge and estrous cycles in female mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38126277/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"CRISPR-Cas9 knockdown of ESR1 in preoptic GABA-kisspeptin neurons suppresses the preovulatory surge and estrous cycles in female mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Evidence suggests that estradiol-sensing preoptic area GABA neurons are involved in the preovulatory surge mechanism necessary for ovulation. In vivo CRISPR-Cas9 editing was used to achieve a 60-70% knockdown in estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) expression by GABA neurons located within the regions of the rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle (RP3V) and medial preoptic nuclei (MPN) in a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.7554/elife.90959","pubmedId":"38126277","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.7554/elife.90959","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:05.467Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"cb25062c-fc74-4ce2-9fc1-cf5a3597f6b5","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"GnRH pulse generator frequency is modulated by kisspeptin and GABA-glutamate interactions in the posterodorsal medial amygdala in female mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36305576/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"GnRH pulse generator frequency is modulated by kisspeptin and GABA-glutamate interactions in the posterodorsal medial amygdala in female mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus generate gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulses, and act as critical initiators of functional gonadotrophin secretion and reproductive competency. However, kisspeptin in other brain regions, most notably the posterodorsal subnucleus of the medial amygdala (MePD), plays a significant modulatory role over the hypothalamic kisspepti","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1111/jne.13207","pubmedId":"36305576","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/jne.13207","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:05.543Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"5cc0e5e6-ba2c-4e70-923f-047a143dc9e7","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Identification of Prolactin-Sensitive GABA and Kisspeptin Neurons in Regions of the Rat Hypothalamus Involved in the Control of Fertility","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2010-0668","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Identification of Prolactin-Sensitive GABA and Kisspeptin Neurons in Regions of the Rat Hypothalamus Involved in the Control of Fertility\" Abstract excerpt: High levels of circulating prolactin are known to cause infertility, but the precise mechanisms by which prolactin influences the neuroendocrine axis are yet to be determined. We used dual-label in situ hybridization to investigate whether prolactin-receptor (PRLR) mRNA is expressed in GnRH neurons. In addition, because &#x3b3;-aminobutyric acidergic and kisspeptin neurons in the rostral hypothala","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1210/en.2010-0668","pubmedId":"21177834","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, rat\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2010-0668","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:05.619Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"295bd21c-15f5-41bc-918b-d920bbfa2a85","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Gestational exposure to bisphenol analogues and kisspeptin levels in pregnant women and their children: A pregnancy-birth cohort study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35914601/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Gestational exposure to bisphenol analogues and kisspeptin levels in pregnant women and their children: A pregnancy-birth cohort study.\" Abstract excerpt: Gestational exposure to bisphenol analogues (BPs)&#xff0c;especially bisphenol A (BPA), has been associated with adverse pregnancy-related outcomes and altered reproductive development of offspring, but the underlying mechanisms are not well documented. Kisspeptin, a key regulator of reproductive health, could be the potential target for endocrine disrupting compounds like BPs. Among 528 mother-chi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157720","pubmedId":"35914601","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157720","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:05.695Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"41354001-f3cf-473f-ba67-04bfbe798266","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Profile of opioid peptide receptors in GnRH and kisspeptin neurons of female mice and rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40765036/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Profile of opioid peptide receptors in GnRH and kisspeptin neurons of female mice and rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin neurons play a critical role in the estradiol feedback effects on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. Endogenous opioid peptides regulate LH secretion, but the neuroendocrine mechanisms involved remain elusive. We used RNAscope to characterize the expression of kappa (Oprk1)-, mu (Oprm1)-, and delta (Oprd1)-opioid receptors in GnRH (Gnrh","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/jne.70075","pubmedId":"40765036","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/jne.70075","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:05.771Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"ec365881-2c57-4d1d-ada3-ad7ca30e9075","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Deletion of Nuclear Progesterone Receptors From Kisspeptin Cells Does Not Impair Negative Feedback in Female Mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39253941/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Deletion of Nuclear Progesterone Receptors From Kisspeptin Cells Does Not Impair Negative Feedback in Female Mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Reproductive function in mammals depends on the ability of progesterone (P4) to suppress pulsatile gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in a homeostatic-negative feedback loop. Previous research identified that cells upstream from GnRH neurons expressing the nuclear progesterone receptor (PGR) are required for P4-negative feedback. However, the identity of ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqae121","pubmedId":"39253941","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/endocr/bqae121","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:05.842Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"4af2c7c5-6923-4af2-97af-2c92cc9b1575","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Female sexual behavior in mice is controlled by kisspeptin neurons","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02797-2","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Female sexual behavior in mice is controlled by kisspeptin neurons\" Abstract excerpt: Sexual behavior is essential for the survival of many species. In female rodents, mate preference and copulatory behavior depend on pheromones and are synchronized with ovulation to ensure reproductive success. The neural circuits driving this orchestration in the brain have, however, remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that neurons controlling ovulation in the mammalian brain are at the core o","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-017-02797-2","pubmedId":"29374161","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, mouse\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02797-2","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:05.915Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"1466bf64-76b7-4bc8-8951-c929a05ceb83","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Molecular and functional characterization of the kisspeptin receptor Kissr3 in the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea).","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41912081/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Molecular and functional characterization of the kisspeptin receptor Kissr3 in the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea).\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin is a conserved neuropeptide that regulates reproductive function and other physiological processes across vertebrates via its cognate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), commonly referred to as kisspeptin receptors (KissRs). In teleosts, extensive gene duplication and lineage-specific diversification have generated multiple kisspeptin ligands and receptors, yet the molecular properties","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2026.111225","pubmedId":"41912081","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2026.111225","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:05.992Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"d152c6f8-039e-46b1-be5f-c67d129e7b8e","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Deciphering protein-DNA interactions of &lt;i&gt;KISS1&lt;/i&gt; with transcription factors through molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and gene expression analysis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40910466/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Deciphering protein-DNA interactions of &lt;i&gt;KISS1&lt;/i&gt; with transcription factors through molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and gene expression analysis.\" Abstract excerpt: Metastasis is a key hallmark of cancer aggressiveness, particularly in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which lacks effective targeted therapies. Kisspeptin-1 (KISS1), a known metastasis suppressor is emerging as a potential therapeutic modulator. This study investigates the structural and regulatory interactions between KISS1 and key transcription factors (TFs) involved in metastasis: SP1, C","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1080/07391102.2025.2553344","pubmedId":"40910466","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/07391102.2025.2553344","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:06.067Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"ad841a68-f4e7-4500-946b-3989d86871f4","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Stereology of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and kisspeptin neurons in PACAP gene-deficient female mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36387875/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Stereology of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and kisspeptin neurons in PACAP gene-deficient female mice.\" Abstract excerpt: The hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-kisspeptin neuronal network regulates fertility in all mammals. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide isolated from the hypothalamus that is involved in the regulation of several releasing hormones and trop hormones. It is well-known that PACAP influences fertility at central and peripheral levels. Howeve","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2022.993228","pubmedId":"36387875","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.993228","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:06.144Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"8aef5621-8135-49d5-8e7d-aa8ada3d132d","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Female reproductive maturation in the absence of kisspeptin/GPR54 signaling","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2818","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Female reproductive maturation in the absence of kisspeptin/GPR54 signaling\" Abstract excerpt: Puberty onset is initiated in the brain by activation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurosecretion. Different permissive signals must be integrated for the initiation of reproductive maturation; however, the neural circuits controlling timely awakening of the reproductive axis are not understood. The identification of the neuropeptide kisspeptin as a potent activator of GnRH neuronal ac","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1038/nn.2818","pubmedId":"21516099","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, mouse\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/nn.2818","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:06.219Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"5638edba-e451-46c4-affd-a99847fa2a3f","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Neurotransmitter and neuromodulator imbalance in kisspeptin/GnRH regulation in rodent models of polycystic ovary syndrome and its implications for mental health disorders: A systematic review.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42140496/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Neurotransmitter and neuromodulator imbalance in kisspeptin/GnRH regulation in rodent models of polycystic ovary syndrome and its implications for mental health disorders: A systematic review.\" Abstract excerpt: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disease associated with hyperandrogenism, which causes infertility and often leads to mental health disorders. Although gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal dysfunction may contribute to PCOS, the pathophysiology of mood disorders associated with the syndrome remains unclear. We raise the question of whether imbalanced neurotransmitters co","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116262","pubmedId":"42140496","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116262","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:06.296Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"4678136b-b283-401e-903d-03129719ba40","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The impact of inflammatory stress on hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons: Mechanisms underlying inflammation-associated infertility in humans and domestic animals.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36682622/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The impact of inflammatory stress on hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons: Mechanisms underlying inflammation-associated infertility in humans and domestic animals.\" Abstract excerpt: Inflammatory diseases attenuate reproductive functions in humans and domestic animals. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin released by bacteria, is known to disrupt female reproductive functions in various inflammatory diseases. LPS administration has been used to elucidate the impact of pathophysiological activation of the immune system on reproduction. Hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons are the ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2023.170958","pubmedId":"36682622","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2023.170958","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:06.371Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"63248fdb-07cf-4102-9624-a542f75f8f94","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Receptor deorphanization in an echinoderm reveals kisspeptin evolution and relationship with SALMFamide neuropeptides.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36002813/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Receptor deorphanization in an echinoderm reveals kisspeptin evolution and relationship with SALMFamide neuropeptides.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptins are neuropeptides that regulate reproductive maturation in mammals via G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated stimulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion from the hypothalamus. Phylogenetic analysis of kisspeptin-type receptors indicates that this neuropeptide signaling system originated in a common ancestor of the Bilateria, but little is known about kisspeptin signaling in i","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1186/s12915-022-01387-z","pubmedId":"36002813","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1186/s12915-022-01387-z","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:06.448Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"3fcd7ba3-ecab-4a2f-8274-d9a3c98cac00","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Optical control of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus kisspeptin neuronal network with a photoswitchable peptide that drives luteinizing hormone release in female mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42711067/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Optical control of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus kisspeptin neuronal network with a photoswitchable peptide that drives luteinizing hormone release in female mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion are essential for reproductive function and are thought to be governed by arcuate nucleus kisspeptin Kiss1 ARH neurons via neurokinin B (NKB) signaling through TacR3. However, discrepancies between ex vivo and in vivo pharmacology limit mechanistic understanding of how TacR3 activation regulates pulsatile hormon","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/jne.70255","pubmedId":"42711067","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/jne.70255","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:06.600Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"98120df7-0406-4515-a7bd-ca17390d30c2","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Effect of active immunization with recombinant GnRH6-kisspeptin fusion protein on reproductive function in male rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40078105/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Effect of active immunization with recombinant GnRH6-kisspeptin fusion protein on reproductive function in male rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Immunological castration can be an alternative to traditional surgical castration. The active immunization against GnRH or kisspeptin has a castrating effect. To date, the fusion protein vaccine of combination with GnRH and kisspeptin have not been studied. Thus, the present study will develop a GnRH6-kisspeptin vaccine by genetic engineering method and investigate its immunocastration effect in m","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1017/s0967199425000036","pubmedId":"40078105","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1017/s0967199425000036","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:06.675Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"8c7672e8-12b4-41dd-937f-cc3abd903766","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Urinary phthalate/DINCH metabolites associations with kisspeptin and reproductive hormones in teenagers: A cross-sectional study from the HBM4EU aligned studies.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38631641/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Urinary phthalate/DINCH metabolites associations with kisspeptin and reproductive hormones in teenagers: A cross-sectional study from the HBM4EU aligned studies.\" Abstract excerpt: Exposure to phthalate/DINCH metabolites can induce human reproductive toxicity, however, their endocrine-disrupting mechanisms are not fully elucidated. To investigate the association between concentrations of phthalate/DINCH metabolites, serum kisspeptin, and reproductive hormones among European teenagers from three of the HBM4EU Aligned Studies. In 733 Belgian (FLEHS IV study), Slovak (PCB cohor","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172426","pubmedId":"38631641","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172426","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:06.747Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"0f1f8583-541e-416d-9b9b-d192b205506f","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Photoperiodic modulation of puberty through melatonin-kisspeptin-GnRH signalling in female Wistar rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42018125/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Photoperiodic modulation of puberty through melatonin-kisspeptin-GnRH signalling in female Wistar rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Pubertal onset results from a complex interaction between neuroendocrine signalling and environmental factors such as photoperiod. This study examined how variations in melatonin and estradiol levels, individually and in combination, affect hypothalamic gene expression to identify neuroendocrine regulators of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Juvenile female Wistar rats were exposed t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s43630-026-00895-z","pubmedId":"42018125","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s43630-026-00895-z","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:06.818Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"bd16134b-daaf-4661-b413-c90c9c1d8535","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Regulation of the neuroendocrine reproductive axis by kisspeptin-GPR54 signaling","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/rep.1.00368","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Regulation of the neuroendocrine reproductive axis by kisspeptin-GPR54 signaling\" Abstract excerpt: The Kiss1 gene codes for a family of peptides that act as endogenous ligands for the G protein-coupled receptor GPR54. Spontaneous mutations or targeted deletions of GPR54 in man and mice produce hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and infertility. Centrally administered kisspeptins stimulate gonadotropin secretion by acting directly on GnRH neurons. Sex steroids regulate the expression of KiSS-1 mRNA i","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1530/rep.1.00368","pubmedId":"16595713","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1530/rep.1.00368","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:06.889Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"9bc9d7c5-9e7c-4c30-a0d8-460885217342","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Comparison of the effects of peripherally administered kisspeptins","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regpep.2008.10.001","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Comparison of the effects of peripherally administered kisspeptins\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptins are structurally closely related peptides derived from the Kiss1 gene that have been demonstrated to stimulate the hypothalamo-pituitary gonadal axis. The natural peptide products derived from post-translational processing of the kisspeptin precursor have not been elucidated. We examined the acute effect on serum levels of free testosterone in the adult male mouse after systemic admini","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1016/j.regpep.2008.10.001","pubmedId":"18940206","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.regpep.2008.10.001","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:06.962Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"6d661d1e-811a-4dd6-a8b8-572c15c32702","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Activation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons by Kisspeptin as a Neuroendocrine Switch for the Onset of Puberty","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3328-05.2005","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Activation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons by Kisspeptin as a Neuroendocrine Switch for the Onset of Puberty\" Abstract excerpt: We examined the role of kisspeptin and its receptor, the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR54, in governing the onset of puberty in the mouse. In the adult male and female mouse, kisspeptin (10-100 nM) evoked a remarkably potent, long-lasting depolarization of &gt;90% of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-green fluorescent protein neurons in situ. In contrast, in juvenile [postnatal day 8 (P8) to P","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.3328-05.2005","pubmedId":"16339030","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3328-05.2005","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:07.034Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"fd3d3b9d-876e-4f61-af00-0ff91146b76c","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Decoding the effect of photoperiodic cues in transducing kisspeptin-melatonin circuit during the pubertal onset in common carp.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38800960/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Decoding the effect of photoperiodic cues in transducing kisspeptin-melatonin circuit during the pubertal onset in common carp.\" Abstract excerpt: This study unravels the intricate interplay between photoperiod, melatonin, and kisspeptin to orchestrate the pubertal onset of Common carp. Female fingerlings exposed to long days (LD) exhibited a hormonal crescendo, with upregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis genes (kiss1, kiss1r, kiss2, gnrh2, gnrh3) and their downstream targets (lhr, fshr, ar1, esr1). However, the expression of ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1002/mrd.23744","pubmedId":"38800960","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/mrd.23744","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:07.106Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"429d8210-76e5-4448-ac4f-722d9b5b4975","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Phenytoin causes behavioral abnormalities and suppresses kisspeptin expression, reducing reproductive performance in Japanese medaka.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38943866/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Phenytoin causes behavioral abnormalities and suppresses kisspeptin expression, reducing reproductive performance in Japanese medaka.\" Abstract excerpt: Phenytoin, an antiepileptic drug, induces neurotoxicity and abnormal embryonic development and reduces spontaneous locomotor activity in fish. However, its effects on other endpoints remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of phenytoin on the swimming behavior and reproductive ability of Japanese medaka. Abnormalities in swimming behavior, such as imbalance, rotation, rollover, and ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107007","pubmedId":"38943866","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107007","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:07.179Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"b117076b-77ee-445d-8c42-c248a7c91cf6","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Evolution of neurohormone function revealed by actions of kisspeptin-type peptides in an echinoderm.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41709256/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Evolution of neurohormone function revealed by actions of kisspeptin-type peptides in an echinoderm.\" Abstract excerpt: The neurohormone kisspeptin regulates reproductive maturation and function in mammals by stimulating hypothalamic production and release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. However, little is known about kisspeptin-type neuropeptide function in invertebrates and the evolution of kisspeptin signalling as a regulator of physiological processes. Here, we address these issues in a deuterostome inverteb","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1186/s12915-026-02555-1","pubmedId":"41709256","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1186/s12915-026-02555-1","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:07.255Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"0834d0ff-f710-4581-95d5-f0de49b68695","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Physiological and pathological roles of locally expressed kisspeptin and KISS1R in the endometrium.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37105233/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Physiological and pathological roles of locally expressed kisspeptin and KISS1R in the endometrium.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptins, encoded by the KISS1 gene, are a family of polypeptides that bind the kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R) to perform biological functions. Produced mainly in the hypothalamus, these neuropeptides regulate the pulsatile secretion of GnRH and trigger the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis. Other peripheral organs also express kisspeptin, which inhibits metastasis. Kisspeptin and KISS1R are re","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1093/humrep/dead080","pubmedId":"37105233","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Receptors, Kisspeptin-1\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/humrep/dead080","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:07.327Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"141d62bc-4b81-4a20-a1d9-9e64ebcbf2d3","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Regulation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Secretion by Kisspeptin/Dynorphin/Neurokinin B Neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus of the Mouse","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.1569-09.2009","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Regulation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Secretion by Kisspeptin/Dynorphin/Neurokinin B Neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus of the Mouse\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin is encoded by the Kiss1 gene, and kisspeptin signaling plays a critical role in reproduction. In rodents, kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) provide tonic drive to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, which in turn supports basal luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. Our objectives were to determine whether preprodynorphin (Dyn) and neurokinin B (NKB) are coexpresse","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.1569-09.2009","pubmedId":"19776272","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, mouse\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1569-09.2009","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:07.403Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"c53855d8-619a-4b3c-9f19-c1a47ca9270a","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Mechanism of LH release after peripheral administration of kisspeptin in cattle.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36459509/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Mechanism of LH release after peripheral administration of kisspeptin in cattle.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin modulates GnRH secretion in mammals and peripheral administration of 10-amino acid fragment of kisspeptin (Kp10) induces LH release and ovulation in cattle. Experiments were done to determine if iv administration of kisspeptin will activate GnRH neurons (i.e., after crossing the blood-brain barrier) and if pre-treatment with a GnRH receptor blocker will alter kisspeptin-induced LH relea","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0278564","pubmedId":"36459509","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0278564","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:07.547Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"eb4106dd-1eb7-409c-94dc-903bc8a32668","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Projections of Arcuate Nucleus and Rostral Periventricular Kisspeptin Neurons in the Adult Female Mouse Brain","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2011-0164","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Projections of Arcuate Nucleus and Rostral Periventricular Kisspeptin Neurons in the Adult Female Mouse Brain\" Abstract excerpt: The important role of kisspeptin neurons in the regulation of GnRH neuron activity is now well accepted. However, the ways in which kisspeptin neurons located in the arcuate nucleus (ARN) and rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle (RP3V) control GnRH neurons are poorly understood. The present study used anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques to establish the neuronal projection","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1210/en.2011-0164","pubmedId":"21486932","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, mouse\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2011-0164","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:07.623Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"69d79bb3-6fd7-4a21-ae13-6b7d69d9f187","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Characteristics of stimulation of gonadotropin secretion by kisspeptin-10 in female goats","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.05.017","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Characteristics of stimulation of gonadotropin secretion by kisspeptin-10 in female goats\" Abstract excerpt: The aims of the present study were to clarify the effect of kisspeptin-10 (Kp10) on the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) in goats, and compare the characteristics of any response with those of the response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). The experiments were performed using four female goats (4-5 years old)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.05.017","pubmedId":"19574004","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.05.017","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:07.696Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"2dc016b9-1f56-486d-9d7f-8bbee24efcb1","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation modulates testicular kisspeptin system in mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40706774/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation modulates testicular kisspeptin system in mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin, a neuropeptide hormone, plays an indispensable role in regulating reproduction. Acting upstream of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, it controls gonadotropin release, and concomitant gonadal functions, and in turn, is regulated by gonadal steroid hormones. Nevertheless, expression of kisspeptin (Kiss1) and its receptor (Kiss1r) is reported in tissues other than hypothalamus, including te","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.109005","pubmedId":"40706774","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.109005","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:07.770Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"e696fc52-2945-469b-bcab-f09ddcc82308","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Fasting Modulates GABAergic Synaptic Transmission to Arcuate Kisspeptin Neurons in Female Mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37793082/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Fasting Modulates GABAergic Synaptic Transmission to Arcuate Kisspeptin Neurons in Female Mice.\" Abstract excerpt: It is well-established that the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is suppressed due to negative energy balance. However, less information is available on whether kisspeptin neuronal activity contributes to fasting-induced responses. In the present study, female and male mice were fasted for 24 hours or provided food ad libitum (fed group) to determine whether acute fasting is sufficient to","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqad150","pubmedId":"37793082","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/endocr/bqad150","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:07.843Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"e2997cca-c759-477c-9d60-ff299a3b491c","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Hyperprolactinemia-induced ovarian acyclicity is reversed by kisspeptin administration","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1172/jci63937","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Hyperprolactinemia-induced ovarian acyclicity is reversed by kisspeptin administration\" Abstract excerpt: Hyperprolactinemia is the most common cause of hypogonadotropic anovulation and is one of the leading causes of infertility in women aged 25-34. Hyperprolactinemia has been proposed to block ovulation through inhibition of GnRH release. Kisspeptin neurons, which express prolactin receptors, were recently identified as major regulators of GnRH neurons. To mimic the human pathology of anovulation, w","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1172/jci63937","pubmedId":"23006326","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, mouse\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1172/jci63937","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:07.915Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"aba35b77-3b6b-43f7-9daa-05c8338dc6a1","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Serological biomarker models composed of luteinizing hormone, kisspeptin, vitamin D and estradiol, and their clinical test value in girls.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41253291/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Serological biomarker models composed of luteinizing hormone, kisspeptin, vitamin D and estradiol, and their clinical test value in girls.\" Abstract excerpt: Central precocious puberty (CPP) may lead to premature pubertal onset. While the GnRH stimulation test remains the gold standard, its invasive nature and prolonged procedure limit clinical utility, particularly in pediatric populations. Emerging biomarkers, including luteinizing hormone, estradiol, kisspeptin, and vitamin D, have shown promise in distinguishing CPP from normal puberty. This study ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.jped.2025.101477","pubmedId":"41253291","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jped.2025.101477","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:07.990Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"b061011c-3eff-4295-88d9-9c4150baa89d","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Prolactin-mediates a lactation-induced suppression of arcuate kisspeptin neuronal activity necessary for lactational infertility in mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39819370/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Prolactin-mediates a lactation-induced suppression of arcuate kisspeptin neuronal activity necessary for lactational infertility in mice.\" Abstract excerpt: The specific role that prolactin plays in lactational infertility, as distinct from other suckling or metabolic cues, remains unresolved. Here, deletion of the prolactin receptor (Prlr) from forebrain neurons or arcuate kisspeptin neurons resulted in failure to maintain normal lactation-induced suppression of estrous cycles. Kisspeptin immunoreactivity and pulsatile LH secretion were increased in ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.7554/elife.94570","pubmedId":"39819370","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.7554/elife.94570","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:08.063Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"b509e883-344b-467f-9fed-464033219bb8","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Leptin Deficiency and Diet-Induced Obesity Reduce Hypothalamic Kisspeptin Expression in Mice","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2010-1100","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Leptin Deficiency and Diet-Induced Obesity Reduce Hypothalamic Kisspeptin Expression in Mice\" Abstract excerpt: The hormone leptin modulates a diverse range of biological functions, including energy homeostasis and reproduction. Leptin promotes GnRH function via an indirect action on forebrain neurons. We tested whether leptin deficiency or leptin resistance due to a high-fat diet (HFD) can regulate the potent reproductive neuropeptide kisspeptin. In mice with normalized levels of estradiol, leptin deficien","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1210/en.2010-1100","pubmedId":"21325051","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, mouse\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2010-1100","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:08.138Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"2196101f-11b7-47f9-8664-20741558fcd7","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"RFamide-Related Peptide-3 Receptor Gene Expression in GnRH and Kisspeptin Neurons and GnRH-Dependent Mechanism of Action","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2012-1133","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"RFamide-Related Peptide-3 Receptor Gene Expression in GnRH and Kisspeptin Neurons and GnRH-Dependent Mechanism of Action\" Abstract excerpt: RFamide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3) is known to inhibit the activity of GnRH neurons. It is not yet clear whether its G protein-coupled receptors, GPR147 and GPR74, are present on GnRH neurons or on afferent inputs of the GnRH neuronal network or whether RFRP-3 can inhibit gonadotropin secretion independently of GnRH. We tested the following: 1) whether GnRH is essential for the effects of RFRP-3 o","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1210/en.2012-1133","pubmedId":"22691552","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2012-1133","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:08.211Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"919bef50-710b-4a79-a660-57de31fbd4f8","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Menopause and the human hypothalamus: Evidence for the role of kisspeptin/neurokinin B neurons in the regulation of estrogen negative feedback","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2008.05.016","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Menopause and the human hypothalamus: Evidence for the role of kisspeptin/neurokinin B neurons in the regulation of estrogen negative feedback\" Abstract excerpt: Menopause is characterized by depletion of ovarian follicles, a reduction of ovarian hormones to castrate levels and elevated levels of serum gonadotropins. Rather than degenerating, the reproductive neuroendocrine axis in postmenopausal women is intact and responds robustly to the removal of ovarian hormones. Studies in both human and non-human primates provide evidence that the gonadotropin hype","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2008.05.016","pubmedId":"18614256","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2008.05.016","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:08.287Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"687c37b5-1484-443b-9f6d-accc50f07d20","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Airway-associated adipose tissue accumulation is increased in a kisspeptin receptor knockout mouse model.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37732890/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Airway-associated adipose tissue accumulation is increased in a kisspeptin receptor knockout mouse model.\" Abstract excerpt: Airway-associated adipose tissue increases with body mass index and is a local source of pro-inflammatory adipokines that may contribute to airway pathology in asthma co-existing with obesity. Genetic susceptibility to airway adiposity was considered in the present study through kisspeptin/kisspeptin receptor signalling, known to modulate systemic adiposity and potentially drive airway remodelling","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1042/cs20230792","pubmedId":"37732890","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Receptors, Kisspeptin-1\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1042/cs20230792","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:08.359Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"cc1b1104-c4f6-416f-a99c-283e0de226fd","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Molecular Identification and Functional Characterization of the Kisspeptin/Kisspeptin Receptor System in Lower Vertebrates1","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.107.066266","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Molecular Identification and Functional Characterization of the Kisspeptin/Kisspeptin Receptor System in Lower Vertebrates1\" Abstract excerpt: The KISS1 gene encodes the kisspeptin neuropeptide, which activates the KISS1 receptor (KISS1R; G protein-coupled receptor 54; GPR54) and participates in neuroendocrine regulation of GnRH secretion. To study the physiological function(s) and evolutionary conservation of KISS1, we cloned opossum, Xenopus, and zebrafish kiss1 cDNAs. Processing zebrafish, Xenopus, or opossum KISS proteins would liber","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1095/biolreprod.107.066266","pubmedId":"18509165","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 peptide, Xenopus\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1095/biolreprod.107.066266","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:08.435Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"79bd1963-7d6e-437e-95eb-9cb11c527889","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Ontogeny and mechanisms of action for the stimulatory effect of kisspeptin on gonadotropin-releasing hormone system of the rat","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2006.07.002","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Ontogeny and mechanisms of action for the stimulatory effect of kisspeptin on gonadotropin-releasing hormone system of the rat\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptins have recently emerged as essential regulators of gonadotropin secretion and puberty onset. These functions are primarily conducted by stimulation of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. However, relevant aspects of KiSS-1 physiology, including the ontogeny and major signaling systems of its stimulatory action, remain to be fully elucidated. To cover these issue","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1016/j.mce.2006.07.002","pubmedId":"16930819","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.mce.2006.07.002","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:08.508Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"3e988410-db94-4694-9d69-73bba477c63e","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Lunar Age-Dependent Oscillations in Expression of the Genes for Kisspeptin, GnIH, and Their Receptors in the Grass Puffer during the Spawning Season.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38587522/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Lunar Age-Dependent Oscillations in Expression of the Genes for Kisspeptin, GnIH, and Their Receptors in the Grass Puffer during the Spawning Season.\" Abstract excerpt: Grass puffer is a semilunar-synchronized spawner: spawning occurs on beaches only for several days of spring tide around new moon (lunar age 0) and full moon (lunar age 15) every 2 weeks from spring to early summer. To investigate the role of kisspeptin and gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) in the semilunar-synchronized spawning, lunar age-dependent expression of the genes encoding kisspeptin","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.2108/zs230061","pubmedId":"38587522","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2108/zs230061","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:08.584Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"35f213c3-e9a0-4924-852f-ac25e353a81f","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Investigating the detection of the novel doping‐relevant peptide kisspeptin‐10 in urine using liquid chromatography high‐resolution mass spectrometry.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38978171/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Investigating the detection of the novel doping‐relevant peptide kisspeptin‐10 in urine using liquid chromatography high‐resolution mass spectrometry.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin-10 is a peptide hormone capable of increasing circulating follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels in humans. Clinically, these effects suggest its use as a treatment for infertility. However, its testosterone-increasing effect indicates potential misuse in sports. As such, it is included in the 2024 World Anti-Doping Agency Prohibited List. This work de","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1002/bmc.5946","pubmedId":"38978171","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/bmc.5946","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:08.659Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"da644777-d1a7-4022-a47c-a881e0d2ced1","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Cloning and expression of tachykinins and their association with kisspeptins in the brains of zebrafish","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.23103","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Cloning and expression of tachykinins and their association with kisspeptins in the brains of zebrafish\" Abstract excerpt: The tachykinins are a family of neuropeptides, including substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and neurokinin B (NKB), that are encoded by the tac1 (SP and NKA) or tac2/3 (NKB) genes. Tachykinins are widely distributed in the central nervous system and have roles as neurotransmitters and/or neuromodulators. Recent studies in mammals have demonstrated the coexpression of NKB and kisspeptin and thei","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1002/cne.23103","pubmedId":"22430310","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/cne.23103","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:08.736Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"86652fd8-5c5d-48a9-b84c-3fdd92095466","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The effect of coadministration of vitamin D and tramadol on serum kisspeptin, testosterone, oxidative stress levels and testicular histology in Wistar rats: a preliminary report.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39748771/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The effect of coadministration of vitamin D and tramadol on serum kisspeptin, testosterone, oxidative stress levels and testicular histology in Wistar rats: a preliminary report.\" Abstract excerpt: Tramadol, an opioid analgesic, is known to induce testicular damage and impair reproductive parameters. Vitamin D3, recognized for its antioxidant and protective properties, might offer a potential protective effect against tramadol-induced testicular damage. This study observed the effects of co-administration of vitamin D3 and tramadol on serum kisspeptin levels, testicular histology, semen para","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.22514/j.androl.2024.031","pubmedId":"39748771","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.22514/j.androl.2024.031","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:08.812Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"cde8999f-324b-4381-b15c-7f12e4d913cc","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Integrated transcriptomics and miRNA-mRNA network analysis reveals Kisspeptin-10 mediated regulation of EMT and apoptosis in glioblastoma.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41389577/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Integrated transcriptomics and miRNA-mRNA network analysis reveals Kisspeptin-10 mediated regulation of EMT and apoptosis in glioblastoma.\" Abstract excerpt: Glioblastoma multiforme (GB) is the most aggressive and lethal primary brain tumor, with limited biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic targeting. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of Kisspeptin-10 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis in GB by integrating transcriptomic profiling, network analysis, and in-vitro validation. Kisspeptin-10, a metastasis-supp","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2025.108826","pubmedId":"41389577","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2025.108826","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:08.888Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"e8522e87-522d-4ce8-aab8-cf1db603eb7a","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Effects of intracerebroventricular and intravenous administration of Kisspeptin-54 and Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in rats with ovarian hyperstimulation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36367482/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Effects of intracerebroventricular and intravenous administration of Kisspeptin-54 and Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in rats with ovarian hyperstimulation.\" Abstract excerpt: We aim to determine the effect of local and systemic administration of kisspeptin-54 on ovarian hyperstimulation. Immature female rats were used. In order to generate the ovarian hyperstimulation model, 50&#xa0;IU PMSG was administered for 4 consecutive days and a single dose of 25&#xa0;IU hCG was administered to all groups except for the sham group. To synchronize the sham group, a single dose of","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2022.102298","pubmedId":"36367482","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.npep.2022.102298","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:08.962Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"006944d6-d190-4857-a9b6-ea4455883db8","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Seasonal Variation in the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Response to Kisspeptin in Sheep: Possible Kisspeptin Regulation of the Kisspeptin Receptor","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000335998","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Seasonal Variation in the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Response to Kisspeptin in Sheep: Possible Kisspeptin Regulation of the Kisspeptin Receptor\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin signaling in the hypothalamus appears critical for the onset of puberty and driving the reproductive axis. In sheep, reproduction is seasonal, being activated by short days and inhibited by long days. During the non-breeding (anestrous) season, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotropin secretion is reduced, as is the expression of Kiss1 mRNA in the brain. Conversely, the lu","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1159/000335998","pubmedId":"22343304","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1159/000335998","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:09.039Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"61dc5c25-50a5-487b-ad4d-882e4c0bda57","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Sex-dependent increases in oxytocin levels in response to intravenous kisspeptin in humans.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39965102/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Sex-dependent increases in oxytocin levels in response to intravenous kisspeptin in humans.\" Abstract excerpt: A clinically significant oxytocin-deficient state (OXT-D) has been established in adults with arginine vasopressin deficiency, and there is a need to develop diagnostic testing. Kisspeptin (KP) is a candidate for such a test, as KP receptors are found on oxytocinergic neurons, and KP administration increases plasma OXT in animals. We hypothesized that intravenous KP administration would increase p","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf001","pubmedId":"39965102","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/ejendo/lvaf001","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:09.115Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"a11d4125-e20b-4e81-b3de-733dd789d84e","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Modulation of body temperature and LH secretion by hypothalamic KNDy (kisspeptin, neurokinin B and dynorphin) neurons: A novel hypothesis on the mechanism of hot flushes","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.07.003","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Modulation of body temperature and LH secretion by hypothalamic KNDy (kisspeptin, neurokinin B and dynorphin) neurons: A novel hypothesis on the mechanism of hot flushes\" Abstract excerpt: Despite affecting millions of individuals, the etiology of hot flushes remains unknown. Here we review the physiology of hot flushes, CNS pathways regulating heat-dissipation effectors, and effects of estrogen on thermoregulation in animal models. Based on the marked changes in hypothalamic kisspeptin, neurokinin B and dynorphin (KNDy) neurons in postmenopausal women, we hypothesize that KNDy neur","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.07.003","pubmedId":"23872331","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.07.003","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:09.187Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"4c13c84e-95d9-4ec8-bf5d-88401815aa66","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"High-frequency stimulation-induced peptide release synchronizes arcuate kisspeptin neurons and excites GnRH neurons","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.16246","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"High-frequency stimulation-induced peptide release synchronizes arcuate kisspeptin neurons and excites GnRH neurons\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin (Kiss1) and neurokinin B (NKB) neurocircuits are essential for pubertal development and fertility. Kisspeptin neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (Kiss1(ARH)) co-express Kiss1, NKB, dynorphin and glutamate and are postulated to provide an episodic, excitatory drive to gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1 (GnRH) neurons, the synaptic mechanisms of which are unknown. We characterized ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.7554/elife.16246","pubmedId":"27549338","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.7554/elife.16246","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:09.264Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"1ab21924-cf57-4411-b289-76a9cbe248ce","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Developmental expression patterns of gonadal hormone receptors in arcuate kisspeptin and GABA neurons of the postnatal female mouse.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39605295/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Developmental expression patterns of gonadal hormone receptors in arcuate kisspeptin and GABA neurons of the postnatal female mouse.\" Abstract excerpt: The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) is central in the neuronal regulation of fertility and reproduction through translating gonadal steroid hormone cues into the GnRH signaling pathway in the brain. Evidence suggests that circulating gonadal steroids play an important role in modulating female reproduction via kisspeptin and &#x3b3;-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons in the ARC in both dev","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/jne.13477","pubmedId":"39605295","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/jne.13477","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:09.339Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"3c66ead7-7825-4bd3-baea-42c11dabd25e","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Neuroendocrine factors in the initiation of puberty: The emergent role of kisspeptin","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-007-9028-2","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Neuroendocrine factors in the initiation of puberty: The emergent role of kisspeptin\" Abstract excerpt: Puberty is the end-point of a complex series of developmental events, defined by the dynamic interaction between genetic factors and environmental cues, ultimately leading to the attainment of reproductive capacity. The neuroendocrine basis of puberty has been the subject of extensive investigation in the last decades, and identification of the trigger(s) of puberty onset has drawn considerable at","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1007/s11154-007-9028-2","pubmedId":"17340172","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s11154-007-9028-2","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:09.416Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"f262317b-ff4b-407e-ac64-89ca313da564","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"SRA deficiency induces follicular dysplasia by disrupting the hypothalamic Kisspeptin-GPR54 system in mice†.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40057968/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"SRA deficiency induces follicular dysplasia by disrupting the hypothalamic Kisspeptin-GPR54 system in mice†.\" Abstract excerpt: To investigate how steroid receptor RNA activator (SRA) regulates follicular development in mice. Systemic SRA knockout mice were introduced. SRA expression was reinstated in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) of the hypothalamus using lentiviral vectors. Subsequently, the estrous cycle, serum hormone levels, follicle development, and hypothalamic kisspeptin expression in mice were a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1093/biolre/ioaf049","pubmedId":"40057968","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/biolre/ioaf049","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:09.492Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"e6a56693-0e77-4ff9-b03e-3ab12c775a4c","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Comprehensive chemoanatomical mapping, and the gonadal regulation, of seven kisspeptin neuronal populations in the mouse brain.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40102056/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Comprehensive chemoanatomical mapping, and the gonadal regulation, of seven kisspeptin neuronal populations in the mouse brain.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptinergic signaling is well-established as crucial for the regulation of reproduction, but its potential broader role in brain function is less understood. This study investigates the distribution and chemotyping of kisspeptin-expressing neurons within the mouse brain. RNAscope single, dual, and multiplex in situ hybridization methods were used to assess kisspeptin mRNA (Kiss1) expression an","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/jne.70019","pubmedId":"40102056","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/jne.70019","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:09.568Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"cf479d67-5a79-49d4-b6c8-cd9249403be8","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Morphometric and Myelin Basic Protein Expression Changes in Arcuate Nucleus Kisspeptin Neurons Underlie Activation of Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonadal-axis in Monkeys (<i>Macaca Mulatta</i>) during the Breeding Season.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35866239/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Morphometric and Myelin Basic Protein Expression Changes in Arcuate Nucleus Kisspeptin Neurons Underlie Activation of Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonadal-axis in Monkeys (<i>Macaca Mulatta</i>) during the Breeding Season.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin is involved in the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal-axis' seasonal regulation in rodents and sheep. Studies of kisspeptin signaling in regulating the transition between breeding and nonbreeding seasons have focused on kisspeptin expression, myelin basic protein (MBP) expression around kisspeptin-ir cells, and quantifying the synaptic connections between kisspeptin and gonadotropin-releasi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1080/07435800.2022.2102649","pubmedId":"35866239","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/07435800.2022.2102649","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:09.644Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"a74954ab-6b6f-4712-adc1-ca3f656b635e","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Perinatal exposure to bisphenol A or S alters differently sexual behavior and kisspeptin system in mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39828186/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Perinatal exposure to bisphenol A or S alters differently sexual behavior and kisspeptin system in mice.\" Abstract excerpt: The effects of bisphenol A (BPA), a highly diffused endocrine-disrupting chemical found mainly in plastics, on neural circuits and behaviors are well-known. However, the effects of its substitutes have not been fully investigated. Thus, in the present study, we compare the effects of perinatal exposure to bisphenol A or S (BPS) on reproductive behaviors and related hypothalamic kisspeptin system i","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.120888","pubmedId":"39828186","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.envres.2025.120888","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:09.719Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"ca9ea5dd-4f5f-45c5-a949-b0b2b7e2405e","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"[Effects of electroacupuncture on the secretion function of ovarian cells and kisspeptin/kiss1r system in rats with polycystic ovarian syndrome].","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37614139/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"[Effects of electroacupuncture on the secretion function of ovarian cells and kisspeptin/kiss1r system in rats with polycystic ovarian syndrome].\" Abstract excerpt: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture &#xff08;EA&#xff09; on hormone secretion function of ovarian granulosa cells and theca cells, as well as the expression changes of kisspeptin and kiss1r in rats with polycystic ovarian syndrome &#xff08;PCOS&#xff09;, so as to explore the mechanism of EA for relieving ovarian dysfunction in PCOS rats. Forty-eight SD female rats were randomly divided into c","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.13702/j.1000-0607.20220481","pubmedId":"37614139","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.13702/j.1000-0607.20220481","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:09.796Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"fda095f9-3157-438d-b07f-da047cd101c8","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Evidence for two distinct KiSS genes in non-placental vertebrates that encode kisspeptins with different gonadotropin-releasing activities in fish and mammals","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2008.11.017","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Evidence for two distinct KiSS genes in non-placental vertebrates that encode kisspeptins with different gonadotropin-releasing activities in fish and mammals\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptins, the products of KiSS-1 gene, have recently emerged as fundamental regulators of reproductive function in different mammalian and, presumably, non-mammalian species. To date, a single form of KiSS-1 has been described in mammals, and recently, in several fish species and Xenopus. We report herein the cloning and characterization of two distinct KiSS-like genes, namely, KiSS-1 and KiSS-","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1016/j.mce.2008.11.017","pubmedId":"19084576","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, rat\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.mce.2008.11.017","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:09.872Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"6c2e2581-62e5-49e2-8022-a00e1c485f9d","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Hypothalamic Expression of KiSS-1 System and Gonadotropin-Releasing Effects of Kisspeptin in Different Reproductive States of the Female Rat","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2005-1463","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Hypothalamic Expression of KiSS-1 System and Gonadotropin-Releasing Effects of Kisspeptin in Different Reproductive States of the Female Rat\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptins, products of the KiSS-1 gene with ability to bind G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54), have been recently identified as major gatekeepers of reproductive function with ability to potently activate the GnRH/LH axis. Yet, despite the diversity of functional states of the female gonadotropic axis, pharmacological characterization of this effect has been mostly conducted in pubertal anim","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1210/en.2005-1463","pubmedId":"16527840","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2005-1463","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:09.947Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"d058aa98-3ac1-46ef-a9de-22a75c489096","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Characterizing the relationship between gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), kisspeptin, and RFamide related peptide 3 (RFRP-3) neurons in the equine hypothalamus across the estrous cycle and in the anovulatory seasons.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38432143/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Characterizing the relationship between gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), kisspeptin, and RFamide related peptide 3 (RFRP-3) neurons in the equine hypothalamus across the estrous cycle and in the anovulatory seasons.\" Abstract excerpt: To understand better the role that kisspeptin plays in regulating seasonal and estrous cycle changes in the mare, this study investigated the number, location and interactions between GnRH, kisspeptin and RFRP-3 neurons in the equine hypothalamus. Hypothalami were collected from mares during the non-breeding season, vernal transition and various stages of the breeding season. Fluorescent immunohis","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.02.027","pubmedId":"38432143","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.02.027","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:10.024Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"c0a55c59-9faa-4810-b7db-d8fcc597b067","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The Neuroendocrine Regulation of Reproductive Behavior and Emotional Control by Kisspeptin.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39880372/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The Neuroendocrine Regulation of Reproductive Behavior and Emotional Control by Kisspeptin.\" Abstract excerpt: Reproductive success and ultimately species survival at a population level is contingent on a plethora of neuroendocrine signals working in concert to regulate gonadal function and reproductive behavior. Among these, the neuropeptide kisspeptin (encoded by the KISS1/Kiss1 gene) has emerged as the master regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Besides the hypothalamus, both kisspeptin","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1210/clinem/dgaf055","pubmedId":"39880372","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaf055","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:10.099Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"91f0ca02-fb4c-41a8-80d3-15fb9f267aee","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Structural basis for the ligand recognition and G protein subtype selectivity of kisspeptin receptor.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39151001/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Structural basis for the ligand recognition and G protein subtype selectivity of kisspeptin receptor.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R), belonging to the class A peptide-GPCR family, plays a key role in the regulation of reproductive physiology after stimulation by kisspeptin and is regarded as an attractive drug target for reproductive diseases. Here, we demonstrated that KISS1R can couple to the G i/o pathway besides the well-known G q/11 pathway. We further resolved the cryo-electron microscopy (cry","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adn7771","pubmedId":"39151001","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Receptors, Kisspeptin-1\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1126/sciadv.adn7771","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:10.171Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"df0605d7-0854-4e9e-a7f5-f9465b9f806b","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Chronic estradiol exposure suppresses luteinizing hormone surge without affecting kisspeptin neurons and estrogen receptor alpha in anteroventral periventricular nucleus†.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37774351/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Chronic estradiol exposure suppresses luteinizing hormone surge without affecting kisspeptin neurons and estrogen receptor alpha in anteroventral periventricular nucleus†.\" Abstract excerpt: Mammalian ovulation is induced by a luteinizing hormone surge, which is triggered by elevated plasma estrogen levels; however, chronic exposure to high levels of estradiol is known to inhibit luteinizing hormone secretion. In the present study, we hypothesized that the inhibition of the luteinizing hormone surge by chronic estradiol exposure is due to the downregulation of the estrogen receptor al","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1093/biolre/ioad129","pubmedId":"37774351","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/biolre/ioad129","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:10.243Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"4608ba72-c7b5-454d-98f6-e161b152f6f9","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Structural basis for hormone recognition and distinctive Gq protein coupling by the kisspeptin receptor.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38935498/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Structural basis for hormone recognition and distinctive Gq protein coupling by the kisspeptin receptor.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptin signaling through its G protein-coupled receptor, KISS1R, plays an indispensable role in regulating reproduction via the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Dysregulation of this pathway underlies severe disorders like infertility and precocious puberty. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of KISS1R bound to the endogenous agonist kisspeptin-10 and a synthetic analog TAK-448. These str","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114389","pubmedId":"38935498","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Receptors, Kisspeptin-1\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114389","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:10.322Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"7dd19ec4-ad0b-488d-9229-967ccf5ed825","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"High-Fat Diet Promotes Glycolysis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Suppressing Hepatic Kisspeptin Signaling in Mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41328591/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"High-Fat Diet Promotes Glycolysis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Suppressing Hepatic Kisspeptin Signaling in Mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Hepatocellular carcinoma is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with metabolic syndrome emerging as a major risk factor. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the association between metabolic syndrome and hepatocellular carcinoma progression are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the role of kisspeptin signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma progression under meta","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1002/mc.70068","pubmedId":"41328591","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/mc.70068","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:10.396Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"68ec9aba-4283-4a9c-b1c2-a66b98c06695","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Design and implication of a breast cancer-targeted drug delivery system utilizing the Kisspeptin/GPR54 system.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39755342/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Design and implication of a breast cancer-targeted drug delivery system utilizing the Kisspeptin/GPR54 system.\" Abstract excerpt: Kisspeptins function as endogenous ligands for the G protein-coupled receptor GPR54. While the primary role of the Kisspeptin/GPR54 signaling pathway pertains to reproduction, several studies have shown that GPR54 is highly expressed in breast cancer, and we further confirmed this result that GPR54 expression is significantly upregulated in breast cancer cells. Based on this finding, we developed ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.125154","pubmedId":"39755342","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.125154","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:10.470Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"e88cf623-70d7-43f3-9e5c-02c458e8f26b","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Jiawei Buzhong Yiqi Decoction attenuates polycystic ovary syndrome through regulating kisspeptin-GPR54-AKT-SHBG system.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39116604/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Jiawei Buzhong Yiqi Decoction attenuates polycystic ovary syndrome through regulating kisspeptin-GPR54-AKT-SHBG system.\" Abstract excerpt: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common reproductive endocrine disorders. Accumulated evidence has suggested the indispensable role of kisspeptin-G protein-coupled receptor (GPR54) system and SHBG in development of PCOS. However, potential mechanisms and their relationship are unclear. Jiawei Buzhong Yiqi Decoction (JWBZYQ) has been reported to ameliorate obese PCOS. Whereas, po","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155931","pubmedId":"39116604","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: WPF seed. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155931","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:10.545Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"4069d8fc-0456-465a-8c40-736c533eb395","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Dlk1-deficient mice achieve puberty despite low body weight and low levels of leptin and kisspeptin.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42677749/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Dlk1-deficient mice achieve puberty despite low body weight and low levels of leptin and kisspeptin.\" Abstract excerpt: Loss-of-function mutations in DLK1, encoding Delta Like Non-Canonical Notch Ligand 1, have been linked to central precocious puberty (CPP) and increased body fat in girls, suggesting a role in the connection between metabolism and reproduction. DLK1 is located in the imprinted region of human chromosome 14, and mice lacking Dlk1 exhibit growth retardation and metabolic changes, phenotypes that ove","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/jne.70248","pubmedId":"42677749","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/jne.70248","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:10.619Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"ec87c596-f484-48ca-9718-e420aee9348c","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Treadmill exercise has healing effects on obesity-induced sexual behavior disorder through kisspeptin and kiss1R expression in male rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37300694/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Treadmill exercise has healing effects on obesity-induced sexual behavior disorder through kisspeptin and kiss1R expression in male rats.\" Abstract excerpt: The basic objective of this study was to examine the possible effects of treadmill exercise on obesity-related sexual behavior disorder in obese male rats and the role of kisspeptin in this effect. The rats were separated from their mothers at the age of 3 weeks, and classified into four groups as Control (C): normal diet-sedentary group, Exercise (E): normal diet-exercise group, Obese (O): high-f","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.14715/cmb/2023.69.3.2","pubmedId":"37300694","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.14715/cmb/2023.69.3.2","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:10.692Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"0fd7e6ab-8169-4479-8339-f1778716814e","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Timing and completion of puberty in female mice depend on estrogen receptor α-signaling in kisspeptin neurons","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1012406108","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Timing and completion of puberty in female mice depend on estrogen receptor α-signaling in kisspeptin neurons\" Abstract excerpt: Puberty onset is initiated by activation of neurons that secrete gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). The timing and progression of puberty may depend upon temporal coordination of two opposing central mechanisms--a restraint of GnRH secretion before puberty onset, followed by enhanced stimulation of GnRH release to complete reproductive maturation during puberty. Neuronal estrogen receptor &#x3","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1073/pnas.1012406108","pubmedId":"21149719","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, mouse\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1012406108","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:10.769Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"d0737683-b225-4415-9a73-c609f007cef9","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Expression of Hypothalamic KiSS-1 System and Rescue of Defective Gonadotropic Responses by Kisspeptin in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Rats","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2337/db05-1584","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Expression of Hypothalamic KiSS-1 System and Rescue of Defective Gonadotropic Responses by Kisspeptin in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Rats\" Abstract excerpt: Hypogonadotropism is a common feature of uncontrolled diabetes, for which the ultimate mechanism remains to be elucidated. Kisspeptins, ligands of G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54) encoded by the KiSS-1 gene, have recently emerged as major gatekeepers of the gonadotropic axis. Alteration in the hypothalamic KiSS-1 system has been reported in adverse metabolic conditions linked to suppressed go","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.2337/db05-1584","pubmedId":"16936210","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/db05-1584","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:10.843Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"99951e34-704a-4ef7-858e-10a7a1d32a62","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Dynamics in cortisol levels in Danio rerio fish under the influence of a synthetic analog of kisspeptin 1.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38940207/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Dynamics in cortisol levels in Danio rerio fish under the influence of a synthetic analog of kisspeptin 1.\" Abstract excerpt: The effect of a synthetic analog of kisspeptin 1, a peptide involved in the regulation of the hypothalamicpituitary- gonadal (HPG) stress axis, on the cortisol level of Danio rerio fish was investigated. Kisspeptin 1 was administered at doses of 2 &#x3bc;g/kg and 8 &#x3bc;g/kg followed by resting for 1 h and 4 h. We found that kisspeptin at doses of 2 &#x3bc;g/kg and 8 &#x3bc;g/kg increased cortis","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.18097/pbmc20247003176","pubmedId":"38940207","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.18097/pbmc20247003176","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:10.918Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"6fbd014e-21f8-426b-b9a0-28fdd692e42a","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The p75 neurotrophin receptor is expressed in brain regions mastering reproduction but not in kisspeptin or GnRH neurons.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41137779/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The p75 neurotrophin receptor is expressed in brain regions mastering reproduction but not in kisspeptin or GnRH neurons.\" Abstract excerpt: Neurotrophins (BDNF, NGF, NT3, and NT4/5) acting through different receptors are able to impact numerous functions, including cell fate and morphological plasticity, an asset for the maturation and differentiation of cells from neurogenic niches. They bind to the neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75), which could either heterodimerize with Trk receptors or act on its own to relay the varied physiologica","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/jne.70102","pubmedId":"41137779","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/jne.70102","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:10.990Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"42d8a831-64b2-4b91-88c9-754f707e43af","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The effect of COVID-19 on placental functioning in South African pregnancies: investigation of kisspeptin expression and vascular and inflammatory alterations.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40323370/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The effect of COVID-19 on placental functioning in South African pregnancies: investigation of kisspeptin expression and vascular and inflammatory alterations.\" Abstract excerpt: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has passed; however, its long-term effects are yet to be determined. Pregnant women and their neonates faced a higher risk for complications during this pandemic as COVID-19 was reported to result in oxidative and inflammatory stress and the cytokine storm, which would impact pregnancy, namely the trophoblast invasion and placental development and f","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00418-025-02381-6","pubmedId":"40323370","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00418-025-02381-6","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:11.063Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"e4d92b51-2386-41ec-9871-ce041ee29399","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Repetitive Activation of Hypothalamic G Protein-Coupled Receptor 54 with Intravenous Pulses of Kisspeptin in the Juvenile Monkey (Macaca mulatta) Elicits a Sustained Train of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Discharges","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2005-1261","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Repetitive Activation of Hypothalamic G Protein-Coupled Receptor 54 with Intravenous Pulses of Kisspeptin in the Juvenile Monkey (Macaca mulatta) Elicits a Sustained Train of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Discharges\" Abstract excerpt: The purpose of the present study was to further examine the hypothesis that activation of G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54) signaling at the end of the juvenile phase of primate development is responsible for initiation of gonadarche and the onset of puberty. Accordingly, we determined whether repetitive iv administration of the GPR54 receptor agonist kisspeptin-10 (2 microg as a brief 1-min i","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1210/en.2005-1261","pubmedId":"16282350","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2005-1261","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:11.135Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"8ad66bb4-9bea-4ae6-921a-aee44df25c78","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Increasing LH Pulsatility in Women With Hypothalamic Amenorrhoea Using Intravenous Infusion of Kisspeptin-54","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-1569","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Increasing LH Pulsatility in Women With Hypothalamic Amenorrhoea Using Intravenous Infusion of Kisspeptin-54\" Abstract excerpt: Hypothalamic amenorrhea (HA) is the one of the most common causes of period loss in women of reproductive age and is associated with deficient LH pulsatility. High-dose kisspeptin-54 acutely stimulates LH secretion in women with HA, but chronic administration causes desensitization. GnRH has paradoxical effects on reproductive activity; we therefore hypothesized that a dose-dependent therapeutic w","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2013-1569","pubmedId":"24517142","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/jc.2013-1569","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:11.208Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"f3555160-6241-47df-a7e6-000e1743a76c","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Involvement of nuclear receptor corepressor 2 (NCOR2) in estrogen-induced repression of arcuate Kiss1 expression in female rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39864859/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Involvement of nuclear receptor corepressor 2 (NCOR2) in estrogen-induced repression of arcuate Kiss1 expression in female rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Hypothalamic arcuate (ARC) kisspeptin neurons are considered the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator in rats. In virgin rats, the expression of the ARC kisspeptin gene (Kiss1) is repressed by proestrous levels of estradiol-17&#x3b2; (high E2) but not by diestrous levels of E2 (low E2). In lactating rats, ARC Kiss1 expression is repressed by low E2 during late lactation. This study aimed","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1262/jrd.2024-100","pubmedId":"39864859","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1262/jrd.2024-100","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:11.283Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"1cb09994-dce1-460a-a07a-0ec1cec11730","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Elevated temperature impairs gonadal development by suppressing the expression of the genes for kisspeptin, GnRH1 and GTH subunits in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39089445/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Elevated temperature impairs gonadal development by suppressing the expression of the genes for kisspeptin, GnRH1 and GTH subunits in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus.\" Abstract excerpt: Temperature is a preeminent factor in the regulation of fish reproduction and hinders gonadal development beyond a specific threshold. To comprehend the molecular mechanism responsible for reproductive suppression at different temperature, expression of the genes encoding kisspeptin (kiss2), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh1) and their receptors (gpr54, gnrh1r) in the brain, and the gonadotrop","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111714","pubmedId":"39089445","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111714","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:11.354Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"d6422246-9678-4d95-b692-b570ce778f35","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"[Effect of acupuncture on ovarian function in rats with premature ovarian insufficiency based on kisspeptin/GPR54 pathway].","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42343523/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"[Effect of acupuncture on ovarian function in rats with premature ovarian insufficiency based on kisspeptin/GPR54 pathway].\" Abstract excerpt: To explore the effect of acupuncture on ovarian function in rats with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) based on kisspeptin/G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54) pathway. Thirty female SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group (10 rats) and a modeling group (20 rats). In the modeling group, POI model was established by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide. The successfully mode","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.13703/j.0255-2930.20250110-k0004","pubmedId":"42343523","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, rat\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.13703/j.0255-2930.20250110-k0004","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:11.428Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"e9612fea-ef89-4faa-9554-d64bcd98e4b0","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Neurokinin B Stimulates GnRH Release in the Male Monkey (Macaca mulatta) and Is Colocalized with Kisspeptin in the Arcuate Nucleus","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2010-0223","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Neurokinin B Stimulates GnRH Release in the Male Monkey (Macaca mulatta) and Is Colocalized with Kisspeptin in the Arcuate Nucleus\" Abstract excerpt: Human genetics indicate that kisspeptin and neurokinin B (NKB) signaling are necessary for generating pulsatile LH release and therefore for initiation of puberty and maintaining gonadal function. In the present study, male monkeys were employed to examine 1) whether activation of the NKB receptor (NK3R) is associated with GnRH release, and 2) hypothalamic localization of these peptides using immu","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1210/en.2010-0223","pubmedId":"20573725","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"KISS1 protein, human\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2010-0223","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:11.503Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"0aa2b222-9790-401e-8a65-1e5258fc3c88","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Sodium benzoate induces reproductive toxicity via hormonal disruption, ovarian damage and altering kisspeptin/RFRP-3 expression.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41740828/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Sodium benzoate induces reproductive toxicity via hormonal disruption, ovarian damage and altering kisspeptin/RFRP-3 expression.\" Abstract excerpt: Sodium benzoate (SB) is a widely used food preservative; however, it has been shown to exert dose-dependent reproductive toxicity. In this study, we investigated its effects on the female reproductive axis. Sprague-Dawley rats (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;30) were assigned to six groups (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;5 each); the control group received distilled water, while treatment groups administered SB at doses of 10, 50,","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.yrtph.2026.106069","pubmedId":"41740828","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2026.106069","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:11.574Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"1975d278-8899-4ea4-9e7a-70b2961f688d","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Postnatal undernutrition increases estradiol plasma levels and sexual receptivity and disrupts the kisspeptin-GnRH pathway in adult female rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39855583/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Postnatal undernutrition increases estradiol plasma levels and sexual receptivity and disrupts the kisspeptin-GnRH pathway in adult female rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Undernutrition has increased worldwide in recent years and it is known that environmental factors to which individuals are exposed in early life can result in metabolic and reproductive changes that remain in adult life. In this context, the litter size expansion is a classic model used to induce undernutrition early in development. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of neonatal undern","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114817","pubmedId":"39855583","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114817","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:11.647Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"9b898ebb-369f-404e-b65a-13373491fc4a","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Early Development of Hypothalamic Neurons Expressing Proopiomelanocortin Peptides, Neuropeptide Y, and Kisspeptin in Fetal Rhesus Macaques.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40389300/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Early Development of Hypothalamic Neurons Expressing Proopiomelanocortin Peptides, Neuropeptide Y, and Kisspeptin in Fetal Rhesus Macaques.\" Abstract excerpt: We have documented the early embryonic development of hypothalamic neurons expressing &#x3b2;-endorphin, &#x3b1;-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, neuropeptide Y, and kisspeptin in rhesus macaques, an animal model that is very similar to humans. Neurons expressing both &#x3b2;-End and &#x3b1;MSH are the first to develop and are initially located in the lateral basal hypothalamus (LBH) as early as da","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1523/eneuro.0087-25.2025","pubmedId":"40389300","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1523/eneuro.0087-25.2025","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:11.724Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"e1face6d-d33f-46d6-b29f-318ae4250dae","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Changes in Hypothalamic KiSS-1 System and Restoration of Pubertal Activation of the Reproductive Axis by Kisspeptin in Undernutrition","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2005-0337","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Changes in Hypothalamic KiSS-1 System and Restoration of Pubertal Activation of the Reproductive Axis by Kisspeptin in Undernutrition\" Abstract excerpt: Activation of the gonadotropic axis critically depends on sufficient body energy stores, and conditions of negative energy balance result in lack of puberty onset and reproductive failure. Recently, KiSS-1 gene-derived kisspeptin, signaling through the G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54), has been proven as a pivotal regulator in the control of gonadotropin secretion and puberty. However, the im","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1210/en.2005-0337","pubmedId":"15932928","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, rat\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2005-0337","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:11.799Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"fdca1f6d-a332-4880-a6ad-cdab8af9f8d4","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Positive, But Not Negative Feedback Actions of Estradiol in Adult Female Mice Require Estrogen Receptor α in Kisspeptin Neurons","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2014-1851","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Positive, But Not Negative Feedback Actions of Estradiol in Adult Female Mice Require Estrogen Receptor α in Kisspeptin Neurons\" Abstract excerpt: Hypothalamic kisspeptin (Kiss1) neurons express estrogen receptor &#x3b1; (ER&#x3b1;) and exert control over GnRH/LH secretion in female rodents. It has been proposed that estradiol (E2) activation of ER&#x3b1; in kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) suppresses GnRH/LH secretion (negative feedback), whereas E2 activation of ER&#x3b1; in kisspeptin neurons in the anteroventral periventri","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1210/en.2014-1851","pubmedId":"25545386","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2014-1851","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:11.876Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"f0569190-22f8-4e01-9415-9c67b0661acb","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Recurrent spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation in a young nonpregnant Chinese woman with Rathke cleft cyst and a KISS1R variant: A rare case report and literature review.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39620881/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Recurrent spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation in a young nonpregnant Chinese woman with Rathke cleft cyst and a KISS1R variant: A rare case report and literature review.\" Abstract excerpt: Unexplained spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (sOHSS) in a nonpregnant young woman is rare, with fewer than five cases documented in the literature. Although four distinct causative types of sOHSS have been identified, some cases remain beyond the scope of our current understanding. A young Chinese woman with sOHSS presented on multiple occasions with sOHSS between the ages of 18.6 and","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1002/ijgo.16072","pubmedId":"39620881","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Receptors, Kisspeptin-1\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/ijgo.16072","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:11.951Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"618e563e-0a74-4fbb-b2b5-ae251824955c","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Maternal high-fat diet programs reproductive function of female offspring rat through IL-6-mediated regulation of Kiss1 gene methylation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40541745/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Maternal high-fat diet programs reproductive function of female offspring rat through IL-6-mediated regulation of Kiss1 gene methylation.\" Abstract excerpt: Maternal high-fat diet (HFD) is known to impair the reproductive function of female offspring, but the underlying epigenetic mechanisms of this developmental programming remain unclear. In this study, female rats were fed either a control diet (CD; 10&#x202f;% kcal from fat) or an HFD (60&#x202f;% kcal from fat) prior to and during gestation and lactation. After weaning, female offspring were rand","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108975","pubmedId":"40541745","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108975","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:12.027Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"f0422db5-2b1f-443d-97b4-80e6b0e6060b","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Quercetin-loaded PEGylated liposomes alleviate testicular dysfunction in alloxan-induced diabetic rats: The role of Kisspeptin/Neurokinin B/Dynorphin pathway.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40239742/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Quercetin-loaded PEGylated liposomes alleviate testicular dysfunction in alloxan-induced diabetic rats: The role of Kisspeptin/Neurokinin B/Dynorphin pathway.\" Abstract excerpt: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that can lead to serious complications, including testicular dysfunction. This dysfunction is considered a significant cause of male infertility. Quercetin (Que), a naturally existing flavonoid with versatile biological functions, has limited water solubility and low bioavailability. The current study was designed to develop a bioavailable for","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.taap.2025.117337","pubmedId":"40239742","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.taap.2025.117337","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:12.098Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"8a9f4046-4862-40c3-86ab-0a504cc8ecf7","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Progestogen priming is not essential to trigger ovulation in seasonal anoestrus ewes injected twice with a synthetic kisspeptin analogue.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41785553/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Progestogen priming is not essential to trigger ovulation in seasonal anoestrus ewes injected twice with a synthetic kisspeptin analogue.\" Abstract excerpt: A key aspect of husbandry is reproduction management, and current methods often rely on the use of hormonal treatments. In the ewe, which is a seasonal breeder, a combination of progestogen and equine Chorionic Gonadotropin is the benchmark method for reproduction control. However, for different reasons, these hormones are leading to an increase in societal aversion. In order to find an alternativ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2026.101779","pubmedId":"41785553","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.animal.2026.101779","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:12.170Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"4cd725d3-399d-415b-8933-fe10dd21fb1b","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Hindbrain Adenosine 5-Triphosphate (ATP)-Purinergic Signaling Triggers LH Surge and Ovulation via Activation of AVPV Kisspeptin Neurons in Rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36813577/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Hindbrain Adenosine 5-Triphosphate (ATP)-Purinergic Signaling Triggers LH Surge and Ovulation via Activation of AVPV Kisspeptin Neurons in Rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Ovulation disorders are a serious problem for humans and livestock. In female rodents, kisspeptin neurons in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) are responsible for generating a luteinizing hormone (LH) surge and consequent ovulation. Here, we report that adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP), a purinergic receptor ligand, is a possible neurotransmitter that stimulates AVPV kisspeptin neuron","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.1496-22.2023","pubmedId":"36813577","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1496-22.2023","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:12.242Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"114ce82a-e176-49d4-a01d-58746a12a702","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), an autocrine/paracrine regulator of basic ovarian functions and antagonist of kisspeptin.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40513411/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), an autocrine/paracrine regulator of basic ovarian functions and antagonist of kisspeptin.\" Abstract excerpt: The aim of the present study was to examine whether brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and BDNF-related molecules, such as the neuronal membrane glycoprotein M6a (GPM6A) and myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C), can be produced by ovarian cells and regulate ovarian cell functions as well as elucidate its functional interrelationships with the known regulator of ovarian cell functions kisspepti","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117520","pubmedId":"40513411","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117520","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:12.314Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"8c0fe394-f99d-479e-a978-f1b91ddc42cf","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Sodium benzoate exposure disrupts HPG-axis in male rats: insights into oxidative stress, hormonal dysregulation, histopathology and kisspeptin/RFRP-3 expression.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40965716/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Sodium benzoate exposure disrupts HPG-axis in male rats: insights into oxidative stress, hormonal dysregulation, histopathology and kisspeptin/RFRP-3 expression.\" Abstract excerpt: The reproductive effects related to sodium benzoate (SB) are increasingly recognized as concerns for public health. To elucidate the underlying mechanistic pathway in SB-induced reproductive impairment, we evaluated its dose-dependent effects by assessing the key elements of HPG- axis, encompassing wide range of doses from dietary to presumably harmful levels. Thirty-five adult male rats (Sprague-","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s10735-025-10611-3","pubmedId":"40965716","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s10735-025-10611-3","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:12.518Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"b87fa211-44c2-444f-8381-b21e010a9b1a","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"The evolutionary conserved miR-137/325 tandem mediates obesity-induced hypogonadism and metabolic comorbidities by repressing hypothalamic kisspeptin.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38729600/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"The evolutionary conserved miR-137/325 tandem mediates obesity-induced hypogonadism and metabolic comorbidities by repressing hypothalamic kisspeptin.\" Abstract excerpt: Obesity-induced hypogonadism (OIH) is a prevalent, but often neglected condition in men, which aggravates the metabolic complications of overweight. While hypothalamic suppression of Kiss1-encoded kisspeptin has been suggested to contribute to OIH, the molecular mechanisms for such repression in obesity, and the therapeutic implications thereof, remain unknown. A combination of bioinformatic, expr","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155932","pubmedId":"38729600","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155932","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:12.591Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"a98a8561-86f4-4d28-a523-1678bb7242db","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Nociceptin-Opioid-Related Nociceptin Receptor 1 Signaling Partly Mediates Glucoprivic Suppression of Luteinizing Hormone Pulses in Female Rats: Arcuate &lt;italic&gt;Kiss1&lt;/italic&gt; Neurons as a Possible Target for Nociceptin.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40518913/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Nociceptin-Opioid-Related Nociceptin Receptor 1 Signaling Partly Mediates Glucoprivic Suppression of Luteinizing Hormone Pulses in Female Rats: Arcuate &lt;italic&gt;Kiss1&lt;/italic&gt; Neurons as a Possible Target for Nociceptin.\" Abstract excerpt: During malnutrition, mammalian reproductive functions are suppressed by inhibition of the pulsatile release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)/gonadotropins. This study aimed to investigate whether nociceptin-opioid-related nociceptin receptor 1 (OPRL1) signaling mediates glucoprivic suppression of luteinizing hormone (LH) pulses in female rats. RNA sequencing analysis of tdTomato-positive a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1159/000546766","pubmedId":"40518913","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kisspeptins\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1159/000546766","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:12.679Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"},{"id":"610a65e0-0a72-4e1d-ad5e-0695b445b1ee","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","title":"Early Metabolic Programming of Puberty Onset: Impact of Changes in Postnatal Feeding and Rearing Conditions on the Timing of Puberty and Development of the Hypothalamic Kisspeptin System","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2010-1415","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Kisspeptin: \"Early Metabolic Programming of Puberty Onset: Impact of Changes in Postnatal Feeding and Rearing Conditions on the Timing of Puberty and Development of the Hypothalamic Kisspeptin System\" Abstract excerpt: Kiss1 neurons have recently emerged as a putative conduit for the metabolic gating of reproduction, with leptin being a regulator of hypothalamic Kiss1 expression. Early perturbations of the nutritional status are known to predispose to different metabolic disorders later in life and to alter the timing of puberty; however, the potential underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. Here we report ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1210/en.2010-1415","pubmedId":"21712362","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Kiss1 protein, rat\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2010-1415","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:12.768Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.746Z"}],"regulatoryStatuses":[{"id":"0cc95154-75db-496c-b717-50c791f0fd12","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","jurisdiction":"United States — FDA","status":"not_approved","approvedIndication":null,"rationale":"No FDA-approved product containing kisspeptin was identified in the FDA Drugs@FDA database as of 2026-09-23. Kisspeptin remains investigational, used chiefly as a research probe in reproductive-endocrinology studies, with no completed FDA marketing review. Absence of a record in this search is not proof that no authorization exists under a different product name or application. Status remains product- and date-specific.","sourceTitle":"FDA Drugs@FDA database","sourceUrl":"https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/","dateChecked":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewDueAt":"2026-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","enteredById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","publicationStatus":"published","factualObservationId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:42:18.571Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.900Z"},{"id":"71d8a989-fd70-4fec-81fd-34e2bd21508d","peptideId":"b88aecbe-1ae0-40b0-bd14-33f62b163077","jurisdiction":"European Union — EMA","status":"not_approved","approvedIndication":null,"rationale":"No centrally authorized EMA medicine containing kisspeptin was identified in the EMA medicines database as of 2026-09-23. Kisspeptin remains investigational with no completed EU marketing review. Absence of a record in this search is not proof that no authorization exists via another regulatory pathway (e.g. national member-state authorization outside the centralized procedure). Status remains jurisdiction-, product-, and date-specific.","sourceTitle":"European Medicines Agency medicines database","sourceUrl":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines","dateChecked":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewDueAt":"2026-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","enteredById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","publicationStatus":"published","factualObservationId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:42:18.647Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:23.900Z"}]},{"id":"a21c2eb0-8883-4254-ba3f-e8fac992bab5","slug":"kisspeptin-10","commonName":"Kisspeptin-10","alternativeNames":[],"category":"Kisspeptin fragment","mechanismSummary":"Bioactive C-terminal kisspeptin fragment that activates KISS1R and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal signaling.","evidenceQualitySummary":"Source identities are PubMed-resolved and provisionally graded by study design. Full-text findings, bias, applicability, contradictions, and regulatory interpretation remain pending.","safetyConcernsSummary":"Acute endocrine responses do not establish long-term safety or therapeutic effectiveness.","archiveSummaryNote":"A minimum 25-source PubMed corpus and chemistry record are staged for accountable review. This profile remains suppressed until authorized scientific and publication approval.","openQuestionsText":"Which findings survive full-text risk-of-bias review? Which populations, formulations, routes, doses, comparators, durations, and endpoints are directly supported? 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Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"J T Smith; A Roseweir; M Millar; I J Clarke; R P Millar","publishingOrg":"The Journal of endocrinology","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1530/JOE-18-0074","pubmedId":"29549187","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:42:32.788Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1530/joe-18-0074","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:32.788Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"mechanistic","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1530/JOE-18-0074","pmid":"29549187","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:32.788Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"8146d5b1-45af-5784-8b82-9572b1395921","peptideId":"a21c2eb0-8883-4254-ba3f-e8fac992bab5","title":"Kisspeptin-10 inhibits OHSS by suppressing VEGF secretion.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28676533/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article examining kisspeptin-10 inhibits ohss by suppressing vegf secretion. 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Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"Alice Carbonari; Nicola Antonio Martino; Matteo Burgio; Vincenzo Cicirelli; Lorenza Frattina; Maria Elena Dell'Aquila; Annalisa Rizzo","publishingOrg":"Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.04.016","pubmedId":"40056005","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:42:32.788Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.04.016","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:32.788Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"mechanistic","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.04.016","pmid":"40056005","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:32.788Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"55ae8832-4150-5210-8a9c-28a1b97d911c","peptideId":"a21c2eb0-8883-4254-ba3f-e8fac992bab5","title":"Kisspeptin-10 inhibits the migration of breast cancer cells by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25420482/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article examining kisspeptin-10 inhibits the migration of breast cancer cells by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. 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Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"Fitzroy J Byfield; Qi Wen; Katarzyna Leszczynska; Alina Kulakowska; Zbigniew Namiot; Paul A Janmey; Robert Bucki","publishingOrg":"American journal of physiology. 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Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"Lamia Hamouda Elgarhy; Basma Ramadan Refaey Ramadan; Fersan Abd Allah Sallam; Dalya Ayman Iskandarani; El-Sayed Shaaban Hewedy","publishingOrg":"Archives of dermatological research","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1080/09546634.2020.1757018","pubmedId":"39873762","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:43:32.996Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/09546634.2020.1757018","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:43:32.996Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"mechanistic","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1080/09546634.2020.1757018","pmid":"39873762","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:43:32.996Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"0445ae40-1ac1-5d90-b71e-327ae9cd9dc3","peptideId":"e56dabb2-2ca7-45f8-994b-42c556d87ce1","title":"Human cathelicidin LL-37 inhibits platelet aggregation and thrombosis via Src/PI3K/Akt signaling.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27012197/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining human cathelicidin ll-37 inhibits platelet aggregation and thrombosis via src/pi3k/akt signaling. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"Wen Su; Yahui Chen; Caihui Wang; Xue Ding; Gamariel Rwibasira; Yi Kong","publishingOrg":"Biochemical and biophysical research communications","publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.095","pubmedId":"27012197","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:43:32.996Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.095","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:43:32.996Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"mechanistic","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.095","pmid":"27012197","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:43:32.996Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"2b53e8b4-b293-5da9-99de-720296dbf81f","peptideId":"e56dabb2-2ca7-45f8-994b-42c556d87ce1","title":"Cathelicidin LL-37 Activates Human Keratinocyte Autophagy through the P2X₇, Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin, and MAPK Pathways.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36455652/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining cathelicidin ll-37 activates human keratinocyte autophagy through the p2x₇, mechanistic target of rapamycin, and mapk pathways. 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Receptor activation suppresses growth-hormone secretion and multiple gastroenteropancreatic hormones and can exert antiproliferative effects in selected somatostatin-receptor-expressing neuroendocrine tumors. Depot and Autogel formulations provide prolonged exposure; approved indications and administration requirements vary by product and jurisdiction.","evidenceQualitySummary":"The governed 25-source corpus includes CLARINET and its extension, ELECT, PAOLA, LANTERN, PRIMARYS, acromegaly comparisons and formulation studies, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analyses, neuroendocrine-tumor systematic review and patient-reported outcomes, polycystic liver/kidney randomized research, and postmarketing pharmacovigilance. Source identities, metadata, DOI/PMID links, lanreotide relevance, active status, and duplication were verified against PubMed. Evidence lanes distinguish randomized, observational, systematic-review, PK/PD, and spontaneous-report analyses; ratings remain provisional pending Owner review.","safetyConcernsSummary":"Interpretation depends on tumor site, grade, receptor expression, prior therapy, secretory status, acromegaly control criteria, formulation, injection technique, and follow-up. Gallbladder effects, glucose dysregulation, bradycardia, thyroid changes, gastrointestinal effects, injection-site problems, and drug interactions require clinical context. Open-label extensions and observational cohorts are susceptible to selection and attrition; spontaneous-report databases have reporting bias and no reliable denominator. 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Patients with Chronic Idiopathic Constipation do not have abdominal pain as a predominant symptom. Linaclotide represents a new class of medication approved in the USA for both of these common conditions. Linaclotide is approved for IBS-C only in the EU. The only other m","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1517/14656566.2013.833605","pubmedId":"24007408","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=228, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1517/14656566.2013.833605","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:11.161Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"2723f789-0e49-432c-922e-55680858e0e7","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"[Efficacy and Safety of Linaclotide in Elderly Patients].","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33518646/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"[Efficacy and Safety of Linaclotide in Elderly Patients].\" Abstract excerpt: The efficacy and safety of linaclotide in elderly patients are poorly understood. Herein, we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of linaclotide in elderly patients in real-world setting. We retrospectively enrolled consecutive patients who started linaclotide therapy at Sapporo Medical University Hospital from October 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019. The efficacy and safety of linaclotide were ex","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1248/yakushi.20-00176","pubmedId":"33518646","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1248/yakushi.20-00176","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:15.092Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"8c480ddf-9f3a-4764-b278-9aedc215c90a","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Two randomized trials of linaclotide for chronic constipation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21830967/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Two randomized trials of linaclotide for chronic constipation.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide is a minimally absorbed peptide agonist of the guanylate cyclase C receptor. In two trials, we aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of linaclotide in patients with chronic constipation. We conducted two randomized, 12-week, multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, dual-dose trials (Trials 303 and 01) involving 1276 patients with chronic constipation. Patient","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa1010863","pubmedId":"21830967","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1056/nejmoa1010863","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:15.167Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"b09a727b-9f44-4925-aca6-61a73b4cee61","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Long-term treatment with linaclotide of intestinal pseudo-obstruction secondary to Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30470553/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Long-term treatment with linaclotide of intestinal pseudo-obstruction secondary to Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1016/j.dld.2018.10.012","pubmedId":"30470553","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.dld.2018.10.012","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:15.239Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"2d100df7-72cc-4d2d-b043-19d5e5cc8053","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide, a new direction in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and chronic constipation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17694454/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide, a new direction in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and chronic constipation.\" Abstract excerpt: Microbia Inc is developing the oral guanylate cyclase C agonist linaclotide, a 14mer peptide for the potential treatment of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and chronic idiopathic constipation. Phase II clinical trials are underway for both indications.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"17694454","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:17694454","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:13.013Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"16cff217-0735-40f1-a6e0-f4ead656745a","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide for constipation-predominant IBS.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24227771/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide for constipation-predominant IBS.\" Abstract excerpt: Irritable bowel syndrome is a chronic relapsing disorder characterised by abdominal pain or discomfort associated with defaecation, abdominal bloating and a change in bowel habit. IBS may be classified by the change in bowel function as 'diarrhoea predominant' (IBS-D), 'constipation predominant' (IBS-C) or mixed, or may be unclassified. Although it is not thought to be associated with the developm","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1136/dtb.2013.11.0218","pubmedId":"24227771","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1136/dtb.2013.11.0218","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:13.087Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"cd8920c6-1e3f-4d0a-88c1-1b7e88ddc65c","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Clarification of linaclotide pharmacology presented in a recent clinical study of plecanatide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24652108/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Clarification of linaclotide pharmacology presented in a recent clinical study of plecanatide.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1007/s10620-013-2953-x","pubmedId":"24652108","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s10620-013-2953-x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:14.106Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"9864bc00-0f9f-49cd-b5e8-fa7a94b0a66b","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Editorial: repurposed linaclotide and the quest for abdominal pain management in irritable bowel syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36565004/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Editorial: repurposed linaclotide and the quest for abdominal pain management in irritable bowel syndrome.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1111/apt.17304","pubmedId":"36565004","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/apt.17304","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:14.179Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"b333f4ad-264d-4cdd-8761-c3c625699785","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide in combination with compound polyethylene glycol powder enhances bowel preparation for colonoscopy in patients aged over 60 years: a multi-center, endoscopist-blind, randomized controlled trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41222080/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide in combination with compound polyethylene glycol powder enhances bowel preparation for colonoscopy in patients aged over 60 years: a multi-center, endoscopist-blind, randomized controlled trial.\" Abstract excerpt: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of bowel preparation by linaclotide (Lina) combined with compound polyethylene glycol (PEG) in patients aged over 60 years. A multi-center, endoscopist-blind, randomized controlled trial involved 527 patients aged over 60 years scheduled for colonoscopy at two hospitals in Chongqing from January 2022 to December 2023. Participants were random","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1080/00365521.2025.2588230","pubmedId":"41222080","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/00365521.2025.2588230","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:12.851Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"458aab80-7b14-4f60-b0b1-43b8641aed9f","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide for functional constipation in paediatric patients: phase III results.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38347080/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide for functional constipation in paediatric patients: phase III results.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1038/s41575-024-00903-6","pubmedId":"38347080","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41575-024-00903-6","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:12.930Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"baafd1c2-d9c7-406f-a2c1-8c9c1d318146","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35201736/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide is an FDA-approved medication indicated for adults suffering from irritable bowel syndrome with predominant constipation (IBS-C) and chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC). Linaclotide, administered daily, is a potent and highly selective agonist of guanylate cyclase-C (GC-C) receptors in the intestine, offering a novel therapeutic approach with a favorable safety profile. Beyond its FD","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"35201736","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: reference/monograph-type record (PubMed book/reference-work entry) -- real and traceable, not primary research. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"other","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:35201736","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:13.445Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"72e10066-90fe-4402-85a2-0d79807f97ab","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide (Linzess) for functional constipation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37651297/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide (Linzess) for functional constipation.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.58347/tml.2023.1683d","pubmedId":"37651297","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.58347/tml.2023.1683d","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:13.379Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"f8236a46-62e7-45e0-8ee1-d1aa0164205f","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome--the view of European regulators.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23701993/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome--the view of European regulators.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.dld.2013.03.017","pubmedId":"23701993","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.dld.2013.03.017","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:13.450Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"f6cd5d09-b590-427c-8a33-30420127c21c","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide (Linzess) for constipation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23183319/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide (Linzess) for constipation.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"23183319","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:23183319","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:13.522Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"3d3801b1-2eda-4f3d-b797-d351732dccde","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Molecule of the month. Linaclotide acetate.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21031167/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Molecule of the month. Linaclotide acetate.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1358/dnp.2010.23.8.1538348","pubmedId":"21031167","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1358/dnp.2010.23.8.1538348","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:14.939Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"3e2cbaa9-2e64-4265-91c5-70b5e3f82b96","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Ten years of successful linaclotide treatment in a patient with intestinal pseudo-obstruction due to Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38159221/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Ten years of successful linaclotide treatment in a patient with intestinal pseudo-obstruction due to Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1007/s11739-023-03522-2","pubmedId":"38159221","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s11739-023-03522-2","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:15.016Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"96b78369-cef2-4923-9470-bacd43280d10","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Challenges of managing pain in constipation-predominant IBS: clinical perspectives on antinociceptive actions of linaclotide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24409483/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Challenges of managing pain in constipation-predominant IBS: clinical perspectives on antinociceptive actions of linaclotide.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2013.10.039","pubmedId":"24409483","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.10.039","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:18.711Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"05a2eae6-e293-41a8-b5f9-1f9b3f7e61b4","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31643353/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide is small peptide agonist of guanylate cyclase C receptors in the intestine and is used orally as treatment of chronic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome. Linaclotide has not been linked to serum enzyme elevations during treatment or to episodes of clinically apparent liver injury.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"31643353","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: reference/monograph-type record (PubMed book/reference-work entry) -- real and traceable, not primary research. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"other","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:31643353","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:13.373Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"2e2ee720-f120-407b-8607-31db359a4920","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: integrating realworld evidence into the therapeutic puzzle.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41745639/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: integrating realworld evidence into the therapeutic puzzle.\" Abstract excerpt: Irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) is a common subtype of functional bowel disorder associated with substantial symptom burden and reduced quality of life. Management typically begins with dietary and lifestyle modification, laxatives, and antispasmodics; however, many patients experience inadequate relief, underscoring the need for more effective therapies. Linaclotide, a syntheti","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.51821/89.1.14529","pubmedId":"41745639","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=377, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.51821/89.1.14529","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:10.228Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"0d007df8-ed2f-4d5f-b99a-7308cd6857d1","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide Reduced Response Time for Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation Symptoms: Analysis of 4 Randomized Controlled Trials.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36227782/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide Reduced Response Time for Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation Symptoms: Analysis of 4 Randomized Controlled Trials.\" Abstract excerpt: These post hoc analyses provide clinically relevant data concerning time to response for individual irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) symptoms after linaclotide use. Time-to-response data were pooled from 4 randomized controlled trials. Response time for abdominal symptoms (pain, discomfort, and bloating) and complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBMs) were analyzed using the Kap","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.14309/ajg.0000000000002064","pubmedId":"36227782","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=166, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000002064","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:10.306Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"90268efd-8018-4865-9525-94bbe540edb6","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide increases cecal pH, accelerates colonic transit, and increases colonic motility in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30353623/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide increases cecal pH, accelerates colonic transit, and increases colonic motility in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide is efficacious in the management of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C), yet relatively little is known regarding its effect on human gastrointestinal physiology. The primary aim of the study was to examine the effect of linaclotide on change in pH across the ileocecal junction (ICJ), a proposed measure of cecal fermentation, and its relationship to symptoms and quality ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1111/nmo.13492","pubmedId":"30353623","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/nmo.13492","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:10.417Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"eba6fa53-65c7-48ac-aebc-eea57959dca9","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide for the treatment of chronic constipation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29985664/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide for the treatment of chronic constipation.\" Abstract excerpt: Chronic constipation (CC) is a common gastrointestinal disorder with limited treatment options. Linaclotide is a potent peptide agonist of the guanylate cyclase-C receptor. This action activates intracellular conversion of guanosine 5-triphosphate to cyclic guanosine monophosphate resulting in the stimulation of intestinal fluid secretion. Linaclotide is a promising new agent for refractory consti","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1080/14656566.2018.1494728","pubmedId":"29985664","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=96, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/14656566.2018.1494728","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:10.502Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"4cb77e19-35b0-4e9d-a42c-d006c8756930","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: A Phase 3 randomized trial in China and other regions.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29319191/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: A Phase 3 randomized trial in China and other regions.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide is a guanylate cyclase-C agonist approved in multiple countries to treat irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). China has unmet need for well-tolerated therapy that is effective in treating both bowel and abdominal symptoms of IBS-C. This trial evaluated linaclotide's efficacy and safety in IBS-C patients in China and other regions. This Phase 3, double-blind trial randomi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1111/jgh.14086","pubmedId":"29319191","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/jgh.14086","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:10.640Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"d1ac8923-eea3-42b8-8652-4e87b8c72e67","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide in Chronic Idiopathic Constipation Patients with Moderate to Severe Abdominal Bloating: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26222318/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide in Chronic Idiopathic Constipation Patients with Moderate to Severe Abdominal Bloating: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.\" Abstract excerpt: Abdominal bloating is a common and bothersome symptom of chronic idiopathic constipation. The objective of this trial was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of linaclotide in patients with chronic idiopathic constipation and concomitant moderate-to-severe abdominal bloating. This Phase 3b, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial randomized patients to oral linaclotide (145 or ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0134349","pubmedId":"26222318","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=161, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0134349","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:10.751Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"307ce7df-b7b1-4b37-bc01-f44292ff21b2","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide: a review of its use in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24293117/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide: a review of its use in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide (Constella&#xae;) is a synthetic 14-amino acid peptide, structurally related to guanylin and uroguanylin, that acts as a potent guanylate cyclase C receptor agonist. It is a first-in-class agent recently approved in the EU for the treatment of adult patients with moderate to severe irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). Linaclotide has very low oral bioavailability and act","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1007/s40265-013-0157-5","pubmedId":"24293117","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s40265-013-0157-5","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:10.848Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"c3b30b2b-6f90-4b83-a8c5-5f4a16bb8822","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide: a novel agent for chronic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24939497/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide: a novel agent for chronic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: The pharmacology, pharmaco-kinetics, and clinical efficacy and safety of linaclotide in the management of chronic constipation (CC) and constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C) are reviewed. Linaclotide (Linzess, Forest Pharmaceuticals) is a 14-amino acid peptide indicated for the treatment of adults with CC and IBS-C. Linaclotide acts on guanylate cyclase-C receptors on the lumin","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.2146/ajhp130575","pubmedId":"24939497","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=73, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2146/ajhp130575","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:10.943Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"e4da1456-c253-4492-bdc0-4ade19057564","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide, novel therapy for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation and constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23436110/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide, novel therapy for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation and constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: Chronic constipation (CC) and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) are common gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Current treatment options, either prescription or nonprescription medications, have limited efficacy in a subset of patients. There is significant demand for more efficacious medications for the treatment of CC and IBS-C. Linaclotide, a secretagogue, has a novel mechanism of","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1007/s12325-013-0012-9","pubmedId":"23436110","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=347, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s12325-013-0012-9","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:11.017Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"726a18d5-037c-4fcc-b06c-6901224ba086","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide inhibits colonic nociceptors and relieves abdominal pain via guanylate cyclase-C and extracellular cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23958540/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide inhibits colonic nociceptors and relieves abdominal pain via guanylate cyclase-C and extracellular cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide is a minimally absorbed agonist of guanylate cyclase-C (GUCY2C or GC-C) that reduces symptoms associated with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). Little is known about the mechanism by which linaclotide reduces abdominal pain in patients with IBS-C. We determined the effects of linaclotide on colonic sensory afferents in healthy mice and those with chronic visceral hype","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2013.08.017","pubmedId":"23958540","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=13). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.08.017","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:11.089Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"b844e69f-eab7-49d5-b81d-9e0c3a3e9836","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide-a novel secretagogue in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and chronic idiopathic constipation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24001336/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide-a novel secretagogue in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and chronic idiopathic constipation.\" Abstract excerpt: Irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) and chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) are highly prevalent gastrointestinal disorders. Traditional symptoms based therapies had somewhat limited success and efficacy in addressing the disorders. Recently, linaclotide emerged as novel peptide capable of improving abdominal symptoms in patients suffering from IBS-C and CIC. Guanylate cyclase C (","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.2174/1389557511313110011","pubmedId":"24001336","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=260, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2174/1389557511313110011","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:11.277Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"2b97b37c-9ec2-4b4f-a445-9e90e97afa92","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide: a new option for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and chronic idiopathic constipation in adults.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24833940/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide: a new option for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and chronic idiopathic constipation in adults.\" Abstract excerpt: Chronic idiopathic constipation (CC) and irritable bowel syndrome with predominant constipation (IBS-C) are the 2 most common conditions among functional gastrointestinal disorders. Despite current multiple therapeutic options, treatment remains challenging and dissatisfactory to many patients. Linaclotide is a novel therapeutic agent, which is a guanylate cyclase receptor agonist that stimulates ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.4137/cgast.s10550","pubmedId":"24833940","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=296, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.4137/cgast.s10550","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:11.348Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"5043be3d-0c3e-4e9e-b80a-e3bf4b8629df","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: a 26-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate efficacy and safety.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22986437/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: a 26-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate efficacy and safety.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide is a minimally absorbed peptide guanylate cyclase-C agonist. The objective of this trial was to determine the efficacy and safety of linaclotide treatment in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) over 26 weeks. This phase 3, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial randomized IBS-C patients to placebo or 290 &#x3bc;g of oral linaclotide once dai","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1038/ajg.2012.254","pubmedId":"22986437","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/ajg.2012.254","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:11.467Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"52b77626-12bc-49c2-ad3b-827a313f373b","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide: promising IBS-C efficacy in an era of provisional study endpoints.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23160292/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide: promising IBS-C efficacy in an era of provisional study endpoints.\" Abstract excerpt: Recent disappointing developments in the pharmacotherapy of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have not dampened the enthusiasm surrounding linaclotide, a novel guanylate cyclase-C agonist for the management of constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C). Two recent phase 3 studies reporting on a single, daily dose of linaclotide are presented in this issue of the American Journal of Gastroenterology. Import","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1038/ajg.2012.325","pubmedId":"23160292","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=136, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/ajg.2012.325","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:11.541Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"e699373e-d6f0-4ad9-89db-9704678dbba0","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide: a novel approach to the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22045908/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide: a novel approach to the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of linaclotide for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). A literature search using PubMed (1966-August 2011) and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970-July 2011) was conducted using the terms linaclotide and MD-1100. Additional publications were identified by reviewing bibliographies. Abstracts were included in the absence of publ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1345/aph.1q428","pubmedId":"22045908","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=70, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1345/aph.1q428","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:11.614Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"be9a50eb-c8d1-42a0-aac2-4476c2051cab","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide improves abdominal pain and bowel habits in a phase IIb study of patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20801122/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide improves abdominal pain and bowel habits in a phase IIb study of patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide, a minimally absorbed, 14-amino acid peptide agonist of guanylate cyclase-C, has shown benefit in a proof-of-concept study for the treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with constipation (IBS-C). We assessed the efficacy and safety of linaclotide at a daily dose range of 75-600 &#x3bc;g in IBS-C. We performed a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controll","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2010.08.041","pubmedId":"20801122","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2010.08.041","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:11.690Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"67b97800-1b48-4bca-bd17-afe827d9a613","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide - a secretagogue and antihyperalgesic agent - what next?","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20377786/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide - a secretagogue and antihyperalgesic agent - what next?\" Abstract excerpt: Ongoing clinical trials suggest that linaclotide, a first-in-class, 14-amino acid peptide guanylate cyclase-C (GC-C) receptor agonist and intestinal secretagogue is an effective treatment for chronic constipation. A study in this issue of the Journal suggests that linaclotide also has antihyperalgesic effects in three common rat models of inflammation- and stress-induced hypersensitivity (i.e., ac","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2982.2009.01465.x","pubmedId":"20377786","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=37, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2009.01465.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:11.799Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"88e2feaf-7d7a-49b5-a229-fc50e67be800","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide Use for the Treatment of Constipation and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in People With Cystic Fibrosis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39620387/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide Use for the Treatment of Constipation and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in People With Cystic Fibrosis.\" Abstract excerpt: Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem autosomal recessive disease characterized by thick, sticky mucus which causes lung disease, pancreatic insufficiency, and many other manifestations. Constipation is a common complication in CF and few advances in treatment have been made until recent years. Linaclotide is a treatment approved for chronic idiopathic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome wit","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1002/ppul.27431","pubmedId":"39620387","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=296, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/ppul.27431","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:11.872Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"25d70be2-16ec-41ea-aeb0-edce1a3715ef","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide for treating patients with irritable bowel syndrome with predominant constipation: a multicentre study of real-world data in China.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35509427/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide for treating patients with irritable bowel syndrome with predominant constipation: a multicentre study of real-world data in China.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide, a guanylate cyclase C agonist that improves the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome with predominant constipation (IBS-C), has been recently approved for IBS-C treatment. This study aimed to report real-world data on linaclotide treatment in China. This was a prospective multicentre study of the effectiveness of linaclotide treatment in patients with IBS-C from 10 primary medical ins","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1177/17562848221092596","pubmedId":"35509427","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/17562848221092596","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:11.996Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"efbbb0b1-f596-4ccb-bf40-aeae44510f05","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide utilization and potential for off-label use and misuse in three European countries.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35706826/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide utilization and potential for off-label use and misuse in three European countries.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide is approved for adults with moderate-to-severe irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with constipation (IBS-C). Linaclotide is not indicated for weight loss or for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); it is contraindicated in patients with mechanical bowel obstruction (MBO). Some patients with obesity or eating disorders (ED) may use linaclotide off-label for weight loss or as a la","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1177/17562848221100946","pubmedId":"35706826","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/17562848221100946","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:12.069Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"1d0d8808-b520-4b48-91be-9fbb3c3d341d","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide inhibits colonic and urinary bladder hypersensitivity in adult female rats following unpredictable neonatal stress.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29797376/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide inhibits colonic and urinary bladder hypersensitivity in adult female rats following unpredictable neonatal stress.\" Abstract excerpt: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and bladder pain syndrome (BPS) are female-predominant, chronic functional pain disorders that are associated with early life stress (ELS) and therapeutic options for such patients remain limited. Linaclotide, a guanylate cyclase-C (GC-C) agonist, relieves abdominal pain and bowel symptoms in adult patients suffering from IBS with constipation. Here, we test the hypo","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1111/nmo.13375","pubmedId":"29797376","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=228, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/nmo.13375","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:12.141Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"4a434036-f7c4-4424-849b-9d320226ca1f","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide for the treatment of refractory lower bowel manifestations of systemic sclerosis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33858329/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide for the treatment of refractory lower bowel manifestations of systemic sclerosis.\" Abstract excerpt: Lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract involvement can affect up to 50% of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients, and may result in malabsorption, pseudo-obstruction, hospitalization, and death. We report our experience with linaclotide, a selective agonist of guanylate cyclase C (GC-C), for SSc patients with refractory lower GI disease. We performed an analysis of patients seen at the Johns Hopkins Sclero","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1186/s12876-021-01738-0","pubmedId":"33858329","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=216, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1186/s12876-021-01738-0","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:12.213Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"4952cace-9296-4fab-8d6d-03c3bdacec56","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide treatment reduces endometriosis-associated vaginal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia through viscerovisceral cross-talk.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31335750/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide treatment reduces endometriosis-associated vaginal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia through viscerovisceral cross-talk.\" Abstract excerpt: Endometriosis, an estrogen-dependent chronic inflammatory disease, is the most common cause of chronic pelvic pain. Here, we investigated the effects of linaclotide, a Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment for IBS-C, in a rat model of endometriosis. Eight weeks after endometrium transplantation into the intestinal mesentery, rats developed endometrial lesions as well as vaginal hyperalge","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001657","pubmedId":"31335750","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=153, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001657","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:12.323Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"71bc3bea-6759-403e-b3fa-23213f3e53f8","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide Attenuates Visceral Organ Crosstalk: Role of Guanylate Cyclase-C Activation in Reversing Bladder-Colon Cross-Sensitization.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29784661/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide Attenuates Visceral Organ Crosstalk: Role of Guanylate Cyclase-C Activation in Reversing Bladder-Colon Cross-Sensitization.\" Abstract excerpt: Bladder pain syndrome (BPS) is poorly understood; however, there is a female predominance and comorbidity with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Here we test the hypothesis that linaclotide, a guanylate cyclase-C (GC-C) agonist approved for the treatment of IBS with constipation (IBS-C), may represent a novel therapeutic for BPS acting through a mechanism involving an inhibition of visceral organ cr","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1124/jpet.118.248567","pubmedId":"29784661","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=176, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1124/jpet.118.248567","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:12.396Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"58bfff34-e252-48e0-baee-9aaa745a2220","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide improves gastrointestinal transit in cystic fibrosis mice by inhibiting sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30118317/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide improves gastrointestinal transit in cystic fibrosis mice by inhibiting sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3.\" Abstract excerpt: Gastrointestinal dysfunction in cystic fibrosis (CF) is a prominent source of pain among patients with CF. Linaclotide, a guanylate cyclase C (GCC) receptor agonist, is a US Food and Drug Administration-approved drug prescribed for chronic constipation but has not been widely used in CF, as the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is the main mechanism of action. However, ane","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1152/ajpgi.00261.2017","pubmedId":"30118317","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=107, totalMentions=14). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00261.2017","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:12.517Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"cb160c2a-8007-49a0-946e-c220fc615ed1","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide activates guanylate cyclase-C/cGMP/protein kinase-II-dependent trafficking of CFTR in the intestine.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28592587/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide activates guanylate cyclase-C/cGMP/protein kinase-II-dependent trafficking of CFTR in the intestine.\" Abstract excerpt: The transmembrane receptor guanylyl cyclase-C (GC-C), expressed on enterocytes along the intestine, is the molecular target of the GC-C agonist peptide linaclotide, an FDA-approved drug for treatment of adult patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Constipation and Chronic Idiopathic Constipation. Polarized human colonic intestinal cells (T84, CaCo-2BBe) rat and human intestinal tissues were e","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.14814/phy2.13299","pubmedId":"28592587","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=152, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.14814/phy2.13299","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:12.588Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"bd8595e3-0f2a-4db5-9232-8eaab3f1214c","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide. A bacterial enterotoxin derivative with a laxative action, nothing more.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25629140/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide. A bacterial enterotoxin derivative with a laxative action, nothing more.\" Abstract excerpt: When patients complain of recurrent functional bowel disorders consisting of alterations in intestinal transit with abdominal pain or discomfort, treatment is purely symptomatic. Increased intake of dietary fibre or use of a bulk-forming or osmotic laxative is used when constipation is the main complaint. Linaclotide, a small peptide closely related to certain toxins secreted by diarrhoea-causing ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"25629140","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=307, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:25629140","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:12.661Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"c4e29b17-57c1-4b76-ad42-5aff94b0d104","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide in the treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome and constipation - analysis of an opportunity.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24090017/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide in the treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome and constipation - analysis of an opportunity.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide is a secretagogue that provides a combined effect on visceral pain. The European Medicines Agency has authorized its indication for the symptomatic treatment of moderate to severe irritable bowel syndrome with constipation in adults. The purpose of this review is to discuss the clinical framework for linaclotide use in our setting, the drug&#xb4;s characteristics and pre-clinical devel","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.4321/s1130-01082013000600006","pubmedId":"24090017","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.4321/s1130-01082013000600006","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:12.733Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"02fad38d-3924-4640-9649-e9efa98d38c8","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide: first global approval.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23083112/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide: first global approval.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide is a once-daily, orally administered, first-in-class agonist of guanylate cyclase-C that is minimally absorbed. It is being developed to treat gastrointestinal disorders by Ironwood Pharmaceuticals and its partners, Forest Laboratories (North America), Almirall (Europe) and Astellas Pharma (Asia-Pacific). Linaclotide has received its first global approval in the US for the treatment of","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.2165/11470590-000000000-00000","pubmedId":"23083112","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2165/11470590-000000000-00000","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:12.845Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"01a0b6c4-9f9d-441d-b5b7-872b30129664","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide, through activation of guanylate cyclase C, acts locally in the gastrointestinal tract to elicit enhanced intestinal secretion and transit.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20863829/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide, through activation of guanylate cyclase C, acts locally in the gastrointestinal tract to elicit enhanced intestinal secretion and transit.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide is a first-in-class, orally administered 14-amino acid peptide that is in development for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and chronic constipation. We have characterized the solution structure of linaclotide, the in vitro binding and agonist activity to guanylate cyclase C receptors, the stability of linaclotide under conditions mimicking the gastric environ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.09.019","pubmedId":"20863829","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=11). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.09.019","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:12.917Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"183f8d2e-a09f-4c94-a554-0710017bc8b1","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide is a potent and selective guanylate cyclase C agonist that elicits pharmacological effects locally in the gastrointestinal tract.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20307554/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide is a potent and selective guanylate cyclase C agonist that elicits pharmacological effects locally in the gastrointestinal tract.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide is an orally administered 14-amino acid peptide being developed for the treatment of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C) and chronic constipation. We determined the stability of linaclotide in the intestine, measured the oral bioavailability, and investigated whether the pharmacodynamic effects elicited in rodent models of gastrointestinal function are mechanistic","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1016/j.lfs.2010.03.015","pubmedId":"20307554","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2010.03.015","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:13.038Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"7483ed4d-f446-4927-9955-67b69d5f111c","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29999932/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide is minimally absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and the drug and its active metabolite are not measurable in milk following administration of doses up to 290 mcg daily. Linaclotide appears to be acceptable in nursing mothers and no special precautions are required.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"29999932","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: reference/monograph-type record (PubMed book/reference-work entry) -- real and traceable, not primary research. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"other","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:29999932","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:13.112Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"4d8961e1-a279-4693-a423-557b999af3c8","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide combined with polyethylene glycol for bowel preparation in colonoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41168471/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide combined with polyethylene glycol for bowel preparation in colonoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.\" Abstract excerpt: Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is the standard agent for bowel preparation in colonoscopy. However, its combination with linaclotide may enhance bowel cleansing. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the efficacy and safety of linaclotide combined with PEG versus PEG alone in patients undergoing colonoscopy. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. We calculated pooled ri","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s00464-025-12288-x","pubmedId":"41168471","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=116, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00464-025-12288-x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:13.185Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"ff3d8def-fe6b-4e70-a0cb-4cf6ec0e30ea","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide: A new drug for the treatment of chronic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24917937/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide: A new drug for the treatment of chronic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide is the first member of a novel class of drugs to be extensively evaluated for the treatment of chronic constipation (CC) and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). To provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on linaclotide, its pharmacological properties, mode of action and efficacy in clinical trials to date. We conducted a systematic review of t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1177/2050640612474446","pubmedId":"24917937","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/2050640612474446","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:13.256Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"bb3238d7-2092-43e1-9a6a-3b9e8a460c5b","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Low-Dose Linaclotide (72 μg) for Chronic Idiopathic Constipation: A 12-Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29091082/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Low-Dose Linaclotide (72 μg) for Chronic Idiopathic Constipation: A 12-Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide is a guanylate cyclase-C agonist approved in the United States, Canada, and Mexico at a once-daily 145-&#x3bc;g dose for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC); a once-daily 72-&#x3bc;g dose for CIC recently received FDA approval. The trial objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a 72-&#x3bc;g linaclotide dose in CIC patients. This double-blind, placebo-con","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1038/ajg.2017.230","pubmedId":"29091082","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/ajg.2017.230","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:13.564Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"06a3e011-fb19-4036-8ea7-ab83af3a4249","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Effect of Linaclotide on Colonic Motility Assessed With Intraluminal Colonic High-Resolution Manometry in Healthy Subjects. An Acute, Open Label, Randomized, Crossover, Reader-Blinded Study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41413756/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Effect of Linaclotide on Colonic Motility Assessed With Intraluminal Colonic High-Resolution Manometry in Healthy Subjects. An Acute, Open Label, Randomized, Crossover, Reader-Blinded Study.\" Abstract excerpt: Polyethilenglicole (PEG), bisacodyl, prucalopride, and linaclotide were demonstrated to be superior to placebo for the treatment of chronic constipation. In a recent study, we reported the actions of PEG, bisacodyl, and prucalopride on colonic motor patterns. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of linaclotide as compared to placebo on colonic motility assessed with high-resolut","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/nmo.70222","pubmedId":"41413756","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=55, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/nmo.70222","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:13.636Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"11210fd5-3da0-4cdc-b5e8-507d93ec317f","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Effect of linaclotide combined with polyethylene glycol on bowel preparation before colonoscopy in patients with constipation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41658593/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Effect of linaclotide combined with polyethylene glycol on bowel preparation before colonoscopy in patients with constipation.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide, a promising medication for treating irritable bowel syndrome with predominant constipation, has the potential to enhance bowel preparation for colonoscopy. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of linaclotide combined with low-volume polyethylene glycol (PEG) in constipated patients. In this randomized, single-blind controlled trial, 210 constipated patients were a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3389/fmed.2026.1686654","pubmedId":"41658593","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1686654","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:13.710Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"4be60385-dc5b-4474-b897-44798b59b8ee","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"High-dose linaclotide is effective and safe in patients with chronic constipation: A phase III randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with a long-term open-label extension study in Japan.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30353619/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"High-dose linaclotide is effective and safe in patients with chronic constipation: A phase III randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with a long-term open-label extension study in Japan.\" Abstract excerpt: A previous phase II dose-ranging study of linaclotide in a Japanese chronic constipation (CC) population showed that 0.5&#xa0;mg was the most effective dose. This study aimed to verify the hypothesis that 0.5&#xa0;mg of linaclotide is effective and safe in Japanese CC patients. This was a Japanese phase III randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled (part 1), and long-term, open-label extension ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1111/nmo.13487","pubmedId":"30353619","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=42, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/nmo.13487","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:13.781Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"33ebd41a-e5d3-4274-b005-3bc1e9c98b37","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Effect of linaclotide on severe abdominal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24075889/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Effect of linaclotide on severe abdominal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.\" Abstract excerpt: Patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) have abdominal symptoms that vary in severity. Linaclotide, a guanylate cyclase-C agonist, improves abdominal and bowel symptoms in these patients. We examined the prevalence of severe abdominal symptoms in patients with IBS-C and assessed the effects of linaclotide on abdominal symptoms, global measures, and quality of life (QOL). I","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2013.09.022","pubmedId":"24075889","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=112, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2013.09.022","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:13.897Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"75192340-0d1e-430e-beb0-5bf810df66ff","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Impact of linaclotide treatment on work productivity and activity impairment in adults with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: results from 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trials.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25237424/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Impact of linaclotide treatment on work productivity and activity impairment in adults with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: results from 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trials.\" Abstract excerpt: Irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C), a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder, has been shown to negatively affect work productivity and impair daily activity, resulting in a substantial burden for patients and employers. Linaclotide is a first-in-class guanylate cyclase-C agonist approved for the treatment of adults with IBS-C and chronic idiopathic constipation in the United","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"25237424","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=243, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:25237424","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:13.968Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"cb57e2fb-398a-40b8-b4b2-72bc23b8916b","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Examining linaclotide for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39058326/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Examining linaclotide for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation.\" Abstract excerpt: Chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) is characterized by infrequent bowel movements and hard stools lasting for at least three months or longer. This disease affects 8-12% of the US population and 10-17% of the world population. Treatment and management involve identifying the primary cause, changing dietary habits, and adequate physical activity. Linaclotide is a guanylate cyclase-agonist acting","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1080/14656566.2024.2386160","pubmedId":"39058326","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=351, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/14656566.2024.2386160","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:14.157Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"62fecb67-8293-4540-8a72-d15dc891851a","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Effect of linaclotide in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C): a systematic review and meta-analysis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24351035/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Effect of linaclotide in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C): a systematic review and meta-analysis.\" Abstract excerpt: Treatment options for constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C) are limited. While linaclotide improved IBS-C symptoms in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), results vary among studies and the magnitude of benefit is unclear. Two investigators independently extracted data on study participants, methods and outcomes (i.e., symptoms, quality of life, and adverse events) from eligibl","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1111/nmo.12292","pubmedId":"24351035","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=99, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/nmo.12292","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:14.229Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"7e6865b3-b9ac-459c-94c7-6adbb4b134bf","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Short-term linaclotide plus polyethylene glycol in patients at increased risk of inadequate bowel preparation: A randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41692643/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Short-term linaclotide plus polyethylene glycol in patients at increased risk of inadequate bowel preparation: A randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial.\" Abstract excerpt: The benefit of combining linaclotide with polyethylene glycol (PEG) for improving bowel preparation quality and adenoma detection in patients at risk for inadequate bowel preparation remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate its efficacy and safety. From August 2022 to July 2023, a multicenter, randomized trial assigned participants to a 2-day linaclotide or placebo plus PEG regimen. The pri","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.dld.2026.01.229","pubmedId":"41692643","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=25, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.dld.2026.01.229","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:14.301Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"00897670-9233-4f68-85be-e4c921022cce","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Adjunctive linaclotide improves bowel cleansing and patient experience in polyethylene glycol-based bowel preparation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42009975/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Adjunctive linaclotide improves bowel cleansing and patient experience in polyethylene glycol-based bowel preparation.\" Abstract excerpt: Adequate bowel preparation is critical for successful colonoscopy but is often compromised by the large volume and poor palatability of polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions, leading to poor patient adherence. Linaclotide, a secretagogue, may enhance the efficacy and tolerability of PEG-based regimens. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for randomized","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-026-49852-x","pubmedId":"42009975","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=208, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-49852-x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:14.420Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"53914d6a-abc2-42aa-892f-ee50d4b4fec3","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Evaluating linaclotide for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation in children and adolescents.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42425925/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Evaluating linaclotide for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation in children and adolescents.\" Abstract excerpt: Irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) is a common pediatric disorder of gut - brain interaction (DGBI) characterized by constipation-related bowel dysfunction and recurrent abdominal pain. Despite multimodal management, pharmacologic options specifically evaluated for pediatric IBS-C have historically been absent. Linaclotide, a guanylate cyclase-C agonist with local intestinal activi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1080/14656566.2026.2702388","pubmedId":"42425925","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=329, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/14656566.2026.2702388","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:14.493Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"6d883b1d-fd87-4176-bac8-546c86e5c93f","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Effects of linaclotide in the treatment of chronic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: a meta-analysis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34215016/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Effects of linaclotide in the treatment of chronic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: a meta-analysis.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide is a guanylate cyclase-C (GCC) agonist that is found in intestinal epithelial cells and is used when treating chronic constipation (CC) and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted for evaluating its efficacy and safety. The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases and the Web of Science were searched to find multiple ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1055/a-1491-1784","pubmedId":"34215016","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1055/a-1491-1784","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:14.612Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"d610d1cf-b522-4cbe-a603-c412e25d2789","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"The Use of Linaclotide in Children with Functional Constipation or Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Retrospective Chart Review.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33876403/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"The Use of Linaclotide in Children with Functional Constipation or Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Retrospective Chart Review.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide is a well-tolerated and effective agent for adults with functional constipation (FC) or irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). However, data in children are lacking. The aim of this study is to examine the efficacy and safety of linaclotide in children. We performed a retrospective review of children &lt; 18&#xa0;years old who started linaclotide at our institution&#xa0;(N","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1007/s40272-021-00444-4","pubmedId":"33876403","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s40272-021-00444-4","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:14.685Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"720b72c4-cdd4-40e8-a605-93fef76678e7","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Effects of linaclotide in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation or chronic constipation: a meta-analysis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23644388/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Effects of linaclotide in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation or chronic constipation: a meta-analysis.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide is a minimally absorbed, 14-amino acid peptide used to treat patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) or chronic constipation (CC). We performed a meta-analysis to determine the efficacy of linaclotide, compared with placebo, for patients with IBS-C or CC. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials were searched for randomized, place","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2013.04.032","pubmedId":"23644388","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2013.04.032","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:14.759Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"482c0531-d482-4825-b82b-92e5e25a39d7","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Efficacy of Linaclotide in Functional Dyspepsia and Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome Overlap: A Randomized Trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40079184/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Efficacy of Linaclotide in Functional Dyspepsia and Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome Overlap: A Randomized Trial.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide is effective in relieving constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. However, few studies focus on the efficacy of linaclotide for overlapping symptoms of functional dyspepsia among irritable bowel syndrome patients. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of linaclotide compared with lactulose in patients with functional dyspepsia and constipation-predominant irritabl","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/jgh.16925","pubmedId":"40079184","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/jgh.16925","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:14.832Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"6d3664e4-c621-42a1-af35-f8f0420efbae","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Efficacy of Linaclotide in Reducing Abdominal Symptoms of Bloating, Discomfort, and Pain: A Phase 3B Trial Using a Novel Abdominal Scoring System.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34465695/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Efficacy of Linaclotide in Reducing Abdominal Symptoms of Bloating, Discomfort, and Pain: A Phase 3B Trial Using a Novel Abdominal Scoring System.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide improves abdominal pain and constipation in patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C). Patients report additional bothersome abdominal symptoms of bloating and discomfort. The intention of this study was to evaluate linaclotide's efficacy in relieving IBS-C-related abdominal symptoms (bloating, discomfort, and pain) using a novel multi-item Abdominal Score","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.14309/ajg.0000000000001334","pubmedId":"34465695","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000001334","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:14.945Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"cd957ad9-c08f-4210-880d-c760f216f462","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Single-Dose Linaclotide Is Equal in Efficacy to Polyethylene Glycol for Bowel Preparation Prior to Capsule Endoscopy.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30731474/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Single-Dose Linaclotide Is Equal in Efficacy to Polyethylene Glycol for Bowel Preparation Prior to Capsule Endoscopy.\" Abstract excerpt: Video capsule endoscopy provides noninvasive visualization of the small bowel, but yield is often limited by debris. At our institution, preparation with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and simethicone is used to improve visualization. We hypothesized that linaclotide and simethicone would yield equal to better results. We enrolled 29 subjects for the experimental regimen of linaclotide and simethicone.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1159/000496350","pubmedId":"30731474","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=251, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1159/000496350","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:15.017Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"73b90544-74f7-4ce3-9038-42160104ed68","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Efficacy of linaclotide for patients with chronic constipation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20045700/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Efficacy of linaclotide for patients with chronic constipation.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide is a minimally absorbed peptide agonist of the guanylate cyclase-C receptor that stimulates intestinal fluid secretion and transit and reduces pain in animal models. We assessed the safety and efficacy of a range of linaclotide doses in patients with chronic constipation. We performed a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of 310 patients with chronic con","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2009.12.050","pubmedId":"20045700","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.12.050","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:15.136Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"e6e2f7f9-3072-425b-9476-06372d2c90c7","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Effect of 3-Day Linaclotide Administration to Reduce the Polyethylene Glycol Volume for Colonoscopy Bowel Preparation: A Multicenter, Noninferiority, Randomized Controlled Trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40423516/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Effect of 3-Day Linaclotide Administration to Reduce the Polyethylene Glycol Volume for Colonoscopy Bowel Preparation: A Multicenter, Noninferiority, Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Abstract excerpt: Several studies have investigated the role of linaclotide in bowel preparation; however, dosage and timing still warrant further exploration. This noninferiority randomized controlled study was performed in 16 medical centers. The eligible subjects were randomly assigned to 3 groups: the Lct + 3 L polyethylene glycol (PEG) group (group A), the 3 L PEG group (group B), or the Lct + 2 L PEG group (g","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.14309/ajg.0000000000003557","pubmedId":"40423516","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=46, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000003557","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:15.209Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"f899c6c9-5aca-4425-8eed-470ae15f11f5","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Review article: Linaclotide for the management of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24433216/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Review article: Linaclotide for the management of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.\" Abstract excerpt: Irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) represents a significant burden to patients and healthcare systems due to its prevalence and lack of successful symptomatic resolution with established treatment options. Linaclotide 290 &#x3bc;g has recently been approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for moderate-to-severe IBS-C and by the US Food and Drug Administration for IBS-C (290 ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1111/apt.12604","pubmedId":"24433216","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=222, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/apt.12604","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:15.281Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"d5f7b62a-3800-4f07-a6d5-50c1ab3d0240","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"A comparison of linaclotide and lubiprostone dosing regimens on ion transport responses in human colonic mucosa.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26038704/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"A comparison of linaclotide and lubiprostone dosing regimens on ion transport responses in human colonic mucosa.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide, a synthetic guanylyl cyclase C (GC-C) agonist, and the prostone analog, Lubiprostone, are approved to manage chronic idiopathic constipation and constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Lubiprostone also protects intestinal mucosal barrier function in ischemia. GC-C signaling regulates local fluid balance and other components of intestinal mucosal homeostasis including epith","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1002/prp2.128","pubmedId":"26038704","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/prp2.128","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:15.352Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"ec785f9b-ba0d-415f-98a8-c0e0413f6a10","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Effect of 5 days linaclotide on transit and bowel function in females with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17854590/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Effect of 5 days linaclotide on transit and bowel function in females with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: Oral linaclotide, a novel agonist of guanylate cylase-C, stimulates intestinal fluid secretion and transit, and decreases visceral hypersensitivity in animal studies. In healthy volunteers, linaclotide was safe, well tolerated, increased stool frequency, and decreased stool consistency and time to first bowel movement. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the effects o","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2007.06.067","pubmedId":"17854590","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=5, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.06.067","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:15.468Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"d4369b01-de1a-40b3-875a-095bf2eec54b","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Tadalafil versus linaclotide in gastrointestinal dysfunction and depressive behavior in constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32534033/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Tadalafil versus linaclotide in gastrointestinal dysfunction and depressive behavior in constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: Intestinal GC-C/cGMP pathway may be involved in visceral hypersensitivity and fluid secretion in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The guanylcyclase C agonist linaclotide, approved for IBS- constipation, is contraindicated in children as it may cause severe diarrhea. In contrast, drugs increasing cGMP by inhibiting phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE-5) are well tolerated in children with pulmonary hypertensio","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117960","pubmedId":"32534033","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=157, totalMentions=13). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117960","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:15.541Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"905c0c1a-a8a1-45ae-8578-b7d112e59f22","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"DRA involvement in linaclotide-stimulated bicarbonate secretion during loss of CFTR function.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38869953/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"DRA involvement in linaclotide-stimulated bicarbonate secretion during loss of CFTR function.\" Abstract excerpt: Duodenal bicarbonate secretion is critical to epithelial protection, as well as nutrient digestion and absorption, and is impaired in cystic fibrosis (CF). We examined if linaclotide, typically used to treat constipation, may also stimulate duodenal bicarbonate secretion. Bicarbonate secretion was measured in vivo and in vitro using mouse and human duodenum (biopsies and enteroids). Ion transporte","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1172/jci.insight.172364","pubmedId":"38869953","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=171, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1172/jci.insight.172364","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:15.660Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"3f934ce1-b45c-41bb-a636-e811192daf98","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Efficacy safety of linaclotide combined with polyethylene glycol for bowel preparation in patients with constipation: a meta-analysis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42523615/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Efficacy safety of linaclotide combined with polyethylene glycol for bowel preparation in patients with constipation: a meta-analysis.\" Abstract excerpt: In patients with chronic constipation, standard bowel preparation using polyethylene glycol (PEG) often results in inadequate intestinal cleansing, complicating colonoscopy. This study systematically assessed the efficacy and safety of linaclotide combined with PEG (linaclotide-PEG) compared to PEG alone. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAL, CNKI, VIP, and ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2026.1694950","pubmedId":"42523615","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=236, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3389/fgstr.2026.1694950","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:15.733Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"c27f0f8a-5377-4636-b296-bba44e4f2091","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Bioactivity of Oral Linaclotide in Human Colorectum for Cancer Chemoprevention.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28396341/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Bioactivity of Oral Linaclotide in Human Colorectum for Cancer Chemoprevention.\" Abstract excerpt: Guanylate cyclase C (GUCY2C) is a tumor-suppressing receptor silenced by loss of expression of its luminocrine hormones guanylin and uroguanylin early in colorectal carcinogenesis. This observation suggests oral replacement with a GUCY2C agonist may be an effective targeted chemoprevention agent. Linaclotide is an FDA-approved oral GUCY2C agonist formulated for gastric release, inducing fluid secr","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1158/1940-6207.capr-16-0286","pubmedId":"28396341","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=298, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1158/1940-6207.capr-16-0286","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:15.803Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"336713f0-6d22-4224-b8e9-2603ffb9880a","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Real-world safety of linaclotide in Chinese patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: a multicenter, single-arm, prospective observational study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39917729/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Real-world safety of linaclotide in Chinese patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: a multicenter, single-arm, prospective observational study.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide, a guanylate cyclase-C agonist, is indicated for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). However, real-world data on the safety and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of linaclotide are scarce in Chinese patients with IBS-C. To assess the real-world safety and PROs of linaclotide in the Chinese IBS-C population. Multicenter, prospective observational study. Adults with IBS-C ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1177/17562848251314819","pubmedId":"39917729","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/17562848251314819","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:15.877Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"8f04d13e-e080-44d7-b465-a603a42e9a3e","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Long-term results of linaclotide in the treatment of constipation-type irritable bowel syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29685047/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Long-term results of linaclotide in the treatment of constipation-type irritable bowel syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (C-IBS) is a prevalent, complex and multifactorial disorder that represents a challenge in terms of diagnosis and therapeutic management. to evaluate the effectiveness, safety and treatment satisfaction of linaclotide in C-IBS patients. prospective, single-center and observational study conducted in patients diagnosed with C-IBS. The patients were ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.17235/reed.2018.5268/2017","pubmedId":"29685047","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=256, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.17235/reed.2018.5268/2017","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:15.993Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"4ef4b5ad-41f5-4ebf-81bf-dcf8994539ef","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Clinical response to linaclotide at week 4 predicts sustained response in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and improvements in digestive and extra-digestive symptoms.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31428193/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Clinical response to linaclotide at week 4 predicts sustained response in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and improvements in digestive and extra-digestive symptoms.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide is approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with constipation (IBS-C) in adults. This study aimed to assess factors predictive of a clinical response and improvements in non-IBS symptoms with linaclotide treatment in a Spanish patient population. In this open-label phase IIIb study, patients with moderate-to-severe IBS-C received linaclotide 290 &","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1177/1756284819857358","pubmedId":"31428193","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/1756284819857358","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:16.066Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"4c37141e-816c-4bf4-b694-b10a649d6e04","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Dose-finding study of linaclotide in Japanese patients with chronic constipation: A phase II randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30084233/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Dose-finding study of linaclotide in Japanese patients with chronic constipation: A phase II randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study.\" Abstract excerpt: Based on the previous phase II/III studies of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) in Japan that demonstrated the efficacy and safety of linaclotide 0.5&#xa0;mg/d, we evaluated linaclotide at doses of 0.5&#xa0;mg/d and lower in the treatment of Japanese patients with chronic constipation (CC). This was a phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding study of lin","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1111/nmo.13442","pubmedId":"30084233","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=151, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/nmo.13442","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:16.184Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"dba809f1-0618-4a8d-ab06-1f5e645ec1bf","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Cost-Effectiveness of Linaclotide Compared to Osmotic Laxatives in the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Constipation in China.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35488140/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Cost-Effectiveness of Linaclotide Compared to Osmotic Laxatives in the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Constipation in China.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide, a selective agonist of guanylate cyclase C, was highly recommended for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). However, the cost-effectiveness of linaclotide in Chinese is not known, and this study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of linaclotide for patients with IBS-C. An economic evaluation was conducted with a Markov model from a societal perspect","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1007/s12325-022-02161-x","pubmedId":"35488140","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s12325-022-02161-x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:16.256Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"a8cb60c7-7052-4748-9f66-1b7f980b9f25","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Optimizing the Use of Linaclotide in Patients with Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: An Expert Consensus Report.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28083815/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Optimizing the Use of Linaclotide in Patients with Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: An Expert Consensus Report.\" Abstract excerpt: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder characterized by chronic or recurrent abdominal pain in association with defecation or a change in bowel habits. A predominant disorder of bowel habits, IBS is classified into three main subtypes: constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C), diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) and IBS alternating between constipation and diarrhea (IBS-M). Linaclo","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1007/s12325-016-0473-8","pubmedId":"28083815","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=393, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s12325-016-0473-8","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:16.329Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"94b6384a-d518-482d-81a9-8d08eafb0d12","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Cost-effectiveness of linaclotide compared to antidepressants in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation in Scotland.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26728984/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Cost-effectiveness of linaclotide compared to antidepressants in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation in Scotland.\" Abstract excerpt: Presently, linaclotide is the only EMA-approved therapy indicated for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). This study sought to determine the cost-effectiveness of linaclotide compared to antidepressants for the treatment of adults with moderate to severe IBS-C who have previously received antispasmodics and/or laxatives. A Markov model was created to estimate costs","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1007/s10198-015-0747-0","pubmedId":"26728984","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=11, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s10198-015-0747-0","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:16.401Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"b7b43c54-0503-4659-8884-f2365b7ce2b0","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"A post hoc analysis of linaclotide in pediatric patients with functional constipation and neurodevelopmental disorders.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41913506/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"A post hoc analysis of linaclotide in pediatric patients with functional constipation and neurodevelopmental disorders.\" Abstract excerpt: Functional constipation (FC) is common in children with comorbid neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) and its optimal treatment may be challenged by adherence and medication tolerability issues in this population. We assessed the efficacy and safety of linaclotide in pediatric patients with FC and NDD. This post hoc analysis of a Phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled study assessed oral linaclotid","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1002/jpn3.70424","pubmedId":"41913506","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=251, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/jpn3.70424","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:16.518Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"5dce10f6-cccb-4ee0-91cf-73c457555415","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Efficacy and Safety of Linaclotide in Pediatric Patients of Functional Constipation: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42695347/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Efficacy and Safety of Linaclotide in Pediatric Patients of Functional Constipation: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.\" Abstract excerpt: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of linaclotide in children with functional constipation (FC) by synthesizing evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar was conducted from inception through December 2024. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251018285), and the review was ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1177/10600280261479335","pubmedId":"42695347","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=39, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/10600280261479335","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:16.588Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"207d4c28-7e19-4cdc-84a2-c966f3cadb92","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Efficacy and Safety of Linaclotide as an Adjunct to Polyethylene Glycol in Bowel Preparation: A Meta-Analysis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40955723/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Efficacy and Safety of Linaclotide as an Adjunct to Polyethylene Glycol in Bowel Preparation: A Meta-Analysis.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide, a guanylyl cyclase-C agonist, may enhance efficacy and tolerability when combined with polyethylene glycol (PEG) for bowel preparation. This meta-analysis evaluated linaclotide plus PEG versus PEG alone for bowel preparation prior to colonoscopy. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including adults undergoing colonoscopy that compared linaclotide plus PEG with PEG alone for bowel prep","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/1751-2980.70008","pubmedId":"40955723","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=11). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/1751-2980.70008","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:16.709Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"5883f686-772e-4af4-974e-fba86b741051","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Safety and efficacy of linaclotide in children aged 7-17 years with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38504394/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Safety and efficacy of linaclotide in children aged 7-17 years with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide, a guanylate cyclase-C agonist, was recently approved in the United States for the treatment of children 6-17 years old with functional constipation. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of various linaclotide doses in children 7-17 years old with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). In this 4-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, Ph","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1002/jpn3.12103","pubmedId":"38504394","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/jpn3.12103","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:16.781Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"d8afce78-4bf9-4178-9448-26b02f469cfe","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Safety and efficacy of linaclotide in children aged 2-5 years with functional constipation: Phase 2, randomized study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38962910/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Safety and efficacy of linaclotide in children aged 2-5 years with functional constipation: Phase 2, randomized study.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide, a guanylate cyclase-C agonist, was recently approved in the United States for the treatment of children 6-17 years of age with functional constipation (FC). This study evaluated the dose-response, safety, and efficacy of 4 weeks of linaclotide compared with placebo in children 2-5 years of age with FC. In this phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multidose study, 35 ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1002/jpn3.12306","pubmedId":"38962910","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/jpn3.12306","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:16.852Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"96bf4be7-5e5f-4ce8-bf4e-88eedf7a62d6","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide in the management of gastrointestinal tract disorders.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22462039/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide in the management of gastrointestinal tract disorders.\" Abstract excerpt: Chronic constipation is a highly prevalent, heterogeneous disorder that significantly affects patients' lives. Nearly 15% of the U.S. population meets diagnostic criteria for chronic constipation (1). Chronic constipation reduces patients' quality of life and imposes a significant economic burden to the healthcare system (2, 3). A number of therapeutic options are currently available to treat symp","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1358/dot.2012.48.3.1745228","pubmedId":"22462039","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1358/dot.2012.48.3.1745228","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:13.160Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"7c001146-077b-4461-8dc6-30594f8d090e","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide, a synthetic guanylate cyclase C agonist, for the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders associated with constipation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21651347/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide, a synthetic guanylate cyclase C agonist, for the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders associated with constipation.\" Abstract excerpt: Chronic constipation (CC) and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) are two functional gastrointestinal disorders that are associated with constipation. CC and IBS-C affect approximately 20% of the general population including the elderly, impairing quality of life. Patients not responding to over-the-counter treatments require effective and safe long-term therapies. Some treatments i","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1586/egh.11.30","pubmedId":"21651347","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1586/egh.11.30","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:13.235Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"1778fa0f-47d1-46bd-a3e9-58de66eb28ed","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Linaclotide for paediatric functional constipation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38211605/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Linaclotide for paediatric functional constipation.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/s2468-1253(23)00440-5","pubmedId":"38211605","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s2468-1253(23)00440-5","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:13.306Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"f200848d-3621-418e-8ba5-a6712d5b3dd4","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Chronic linaclotide treatment reduces colitis-induced neuroplasticity and reverses persistent bladder dysfunction.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30282832/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Chronic linaclotide treatment reduces colitis-induced neuroplasticity and reverses persistent bladder dysfunction.\" Abstract excerpt: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients suffer from chronic abdominal pain and extraintestinal comorbidities, including overactive bladder (OAB) and interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC-PBS). Mechanistic understanding of the cause and time course of these comorbid symptoms is lacking, as are clinical treatments. Here, we report that colitis triggers hypersensitivity of colonic affere","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1172/jci.insight.121841","pubmedId":"30282832","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1172/jci.insight.121841","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:13.595Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"48c1175d-c2e8-46ff-ae45-990b548688e6","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Combined linaclotide and polyethylene glycol electrolyte for colonoscopy preparation: a network meta-analysis of 14 randomized controlled trials.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40528061/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Combined linaclotide and polyethylene glycol electrolyte for colonoscopy preparation: a network meta-analysis of 14 randomized controlled trials.\" Abstract excerpt: Recent evidence supports linaclotide (Lin) for colonoscopy preparation. This network meta-analysis evaluates the combination of different pill numbers of Lin with polyethylene glycol (PEG) (high and low volumes in liters (L)) for bowel cleansing. This systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis, conducted in October 2024, assessed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from Scopus, PubMed","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00384-025-04931-9","pubmedId":"40528061","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00384-025-04931-9","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:13.667Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"787907e8-268f-4a9a-bbeb-20ffba4ef17d","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Evaluating linaclotide for the treatment of functional constipation in children and adolescents.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42083746/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Evaluating linaclotide for the treatment of functional constipation in children and adolescents.\" Abstract excerpt: Pediatric functional constipation is a highly prevalent disorder associated with significant morbidity and impaired quality of life. Despite widespread use of osmotic and stimulant laxatives, a substantial proportion of children remain symptomatic, highlighting an unmet need for novel therapies. This review provides an overview of the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, safety, and clinical eff","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1080/14656566.2026.2669339","pubmedId":"42083746","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/14656566.2026.2669339","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:13.742Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"7c957904-3304-4a70-8fa0-49876c4f2752","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Efficacy of linaclotide in combination with polyethylene glycol for bowel preparation in Chinese patients undergoing colonoscopy polypectomy: protocol for a randomised controlled trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39043596/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Efficacy of linaclotide in combination with polyethylene glycol for bowel preparation in Chinese patients undergoing colonoscopy polypectomy: protocol for a randomised controlled trial.\" Abstract excerpt: Adequate bowel preparation is essential for successful colonoscopy and polypectomy procedures. However, a significant proportion of patients still exhibit suboptimal bowel preparation, ranging from 18% to 35%. The effectiveness of bowel preparation agents can be hampered by volume and taste, adversely affecting patient compliance and tolerance. Therefore, exploring strategies to minimise laxative ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080723","pubmedId":"39043596","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080723","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:13.815Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"c4751ea6-7486-4348-a95b-793822e616af","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Efficacy of linaclotide in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: Real-world data.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29700960/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Efficacy of linaclotide in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: Real-world data.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1111/nmo.13328","pubmedId":"29700960","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/nmo.13328","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:13.887Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"88654d34-1338-4c9f-8c7b-3fa39fbb4056","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Constipation: Linaclotide--a stimulating new drug for chronic constipation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20606631/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Constipation: Linaclotide--a stimulating new drug for chronic constipation.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1038/nrgastro.2010.84","pubmedId":"20606631","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2010.84","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:13.960Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"178bbe3a-0f19-46d1-b345-ba9f8dcecfb4","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Application of linaclotide in bowel preparation for colonoscopy in patients with constipation: A prospective randomized controlled study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39252470/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Application of linaclotide in bowel preparation for colonoscopy in patients with constipation: A prospective randomized controlled study.\" Abstract excerpt: Colonoscopy plays a crucial role in the early diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. Adequate bowel preparation is essential for clear visualization of the colonic mucosa and lesion detection. However, inadequate bowel preparation is common in patients with constipation, and there is no standardized preparation protocol for these patients. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness and t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1111/jgh.16734","pubmedId":"39252470","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/jgh.16734","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:14.035Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"ea708c9c-7e77-4a8a-a918-845d0b18cd28","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Efficacy and safety of linaclotide in treating functional constipation in paediatric patients: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3 trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38211604/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Efficacy and safety of linaclotide in treating functional constipation in paediatric patients: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3 trial.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide, a guanylate cyclase C agonist, has been approved in the USA for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with predominant constipation in adults. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of linaclotide in paediatric patients aged 6-17 years with functional constipation. This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3 study","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/s2468-1253(23)00398-9","pubmedId":"38211604","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s2468-1253(23)00398-9","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:14.255Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"9c6c70d4-0804-4c57-a717-4f857198750d","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Efficacy and safety of linaclotide in treatment-resistant chronic constipation: A multicenter, open-label study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39370607/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Efficacy and safety of linaclotide in treatment-resistant chronic constipation: A multicenter, open-label study.\" Abstract excerpt: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of linaclotide in patients with chronic constipation (CC) or irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) who did not respond to treatment with magnesium oxide (MgO). This study was designed as a multicenter, open-label, single-arm, exploratory study. Patients with CC or IBS-C who took MgO and those meeting the medication initiation criter","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1111/nmo.14938","pubmedId":"39370607","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/nmo.14938","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:14.331Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"690d9699-189b-4664-9d42-88438e9103e1","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Efficacy and safety of linaclotide in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: Chinese sub-cohort analysis of a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35019221/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Efficacy and safety of linaclotide in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: Chinese sub-cohort analysis of a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.\" Abstract excerpt: To conduct a sub-cohort analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of linaclotide in Chinese patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C) using data from a completed trial (NCT01880424). In this phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, IBS-C patients were randomized to receive linaclotide (290 &#x3bc;g/d) or placebo for 12 weeks. Efficacy was assessed with tw","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1111/1751-2980.13081","pubmedId":"35019221","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/1751-2980.13081","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:14.407Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"bfdd5b56-7c6d-4617-9200-af135cc22c49","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Efficacy and safety of linaclotide for opioid-induced constipation in patients with chronic noncancer pain syndromes from a phase 2 randomized study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32310620/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Efficacy and safety of linaclotide for opioid-induced constipation in patients with chronic noncancer pain syndromes from a phase 2 randomized study.\" Abstract excerpt: Constipation is the most common adverse event (AE) of opioid therapy. This multicenter, phase 2 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of linaclotide in treating opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in patients with chronic noncancer pain syndromes (NCT02270983). Adults with OIC (&lt;3 spontaneous bowel movements [SBMs]/week) related to chronic noncancer pain were randomized 1:1:1 to receive linaclo","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001754","pubmedId":"32310620","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001754","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:14.484Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"a4b86810-bb6f-450b-8e57-bbd56f1637f9","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Economic Evaluation of Linaclotide for the Treatment of Adult Patients With Chronic Idiopathic Constipation in the United States.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27008836/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Economic Evaluation of Linaclotide for the Treatment of Adult Patients With Chronic Idiopathic Constipation in the United States.\" Abstract excerpt: To evaluate the effectiveness and costs of linaclotide (Linzess) versus lubiprostone (Amitiza) in the treatment of adult patients with chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC). A decision-tree model using model inputs derived from published literature, linaclotide phase 3 trial data, and a physician survey. Measures of treatment efficacy were selected based on comparability between trial data, with p","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"27008836","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:27008836","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:14.559Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"4e9bab8f-6a37-4094-8646-a76e29f7c4d0","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Economic evaluation of linaclotide for the treatment of adult patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation in the United States.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25333331/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Economic evaluation of linaclotide for the treatment of adult patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation in the United States.\" Abstract excerpt: To use techniques of decision-analytic modeling to evaluate the effectiveness and costs of linaclotide vs lubiprostone in the treatment of adult patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). Using model inputs derived from published literature, linaclotide Phase III trial data and a physician survey, a decision-tree model was constructed. Response to therapy was defined as (1) ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.3111/13696998.2014.979291","pubmedId":"25333331","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3111/13696998.2014.979291","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:14.636Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"d69565f9-14e4-46ef-a680-083319405018","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Bowel preparation with linaclotide and 1 L polyethylene glycol plus ascorbic acid prior to colonoscopy in chronic constipated patients.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39219191/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Bowel preparation with linaclotide and 1 L polyethylene glycol plus ascorbic acid prior to colonoscopy in chronic constipated patients.\" Abstract excerpt: Information on effective bowel preparation (BP) methods for patients with constipation is limited. We recently reported the efficacy of 1 L polyethylene glycol plus ascorbic acid (PEG-Asc) combined with senna for BP; however, this regimen was insufficient in patients with constipation. We hypothesized that the addition of linaclotide, which is approved for the treatment of chronic constipation, to","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1080/00365521.2024.2398094","pubmedId":"39219191","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/00365521.2024.2398094","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:14.712Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"384f7693-9b17-42d6-9dd1-22a2974eed42","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Safety and efficacy of linaclotide as an adjuvant for bowel preparation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41203453/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Safety and efficacy of linaclotide as an adjuvant for bowel preparation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.\" Abstract excerpt: High-volume polyethylene glycol (PEG) is widely used for bowel preparation, but its large volume and unpleasant taste are common drawbacks. These factors frequently lead to reduced patient adherence. Linaclotide, an FDA-approved drug for constipation, appears to offer a potential solution by lowering the amount of PEG needed. Our search included MEDLINE through PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WOS)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.ajg.2025.09.017","pubmedId":"41203453","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ajg.2025.09.017","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:14.787Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"5aa394fe-0727-4a28-8829-f627a1743172","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Contrasting effects of linaclotide and lubiprostone on restitution of epithelial cell barrier properties and cellular homeostasis after exposure to cell stressors.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22553939/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Contrasting effects of linaclotide and lubiprostone on restitution of epithelial cell barrier properties and cellular homeostasis after exposure to cell stressors.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide has been proposed as a treatment for the same gastrointestinal indications for which lubiprostone has been approved, chronic idiopathic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. Stressors damage the epithelial cell barrier and cellular homeostasis leading to loss of these functions. Effects of active linaclotide on repair of barrier and cell function in pig jejunum a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1186/1471-2210-12-3","pubmedId":"22553939","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1186/1471-2210-12-3","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:14.864Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"a2c8f6d9-2592-4c50-839f-bd7a6aac9321","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Randomised clinical trial: linaclotide vs placebo-a study of bi-directional gut and brain axis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32406112/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Randomised clinical trial: linaclotide vs placebo-a study of bi-directional gut and brain axis.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide, a guanylate cyclase C agonist relieves irritable bowel syndrome with predominant constipation (IBS-C) symptoms, but how it improves pain in humans is unknown. To investigate the effects of linaclotide and placebo on the afferent and efferent gut-brain-gut signalling in IBS-C patients, in a randomised clinical trial. Patients with IBS-C (Rome III) and rectal hypersensitivity were rando","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1111/apt.15772","pubmedId":"32406112","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/apt.15772","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:15.311Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"79704477-a96e-4375-aaf0-b85fc7c6496f","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Safety and tolerability of linaclotide for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: pooled Phase 3 analysis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30791771/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Safety and tolerability of linaclotide for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: pooled Phase 3 analysis.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide is approved for treating irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C; 290&#xa0;&#xb5;g QD) and chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC; 145&#xa0;&#xb5;g or 72&#xa0;&#xb5;g QD). These analyses aimed to assess linaclotide safety in a large, pooled Phase 3 population. In six randomized controlled trials (RCTs), patients received linaclotide (72&#xa0;&#xb5;g, 145&#xa0;&#xb5;g, 290&#xa0;","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1080/17474124.2019.1575203","pubmedId":"30791771","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/17474124.2019.1575203","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:15.384Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"89db9047-a309-451c-8849-5d2f5338511d","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Randomised clinical trials: linaclotide phase 3 studies in IBS-C - a prespecified further analysis based on European Medicines Agency-specified endpoints.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23116208/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Randomised clinical trials: linaclotide phase 3 studies in IBS-C - a prespecified further analysis based on European Medicines Agency-specified endpoints.\" Abstract excerpt: Treatment options that improve overall symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) are lacking. A prespecified further analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of linaclotide, a guanylate cyclase C agonist, in patients with IBS-C, based on efficacy parameters prespecified for European Medicines Agency (EMA) submission. Two randomised, double-blind, multicentre Phase 3 trials","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1111/apt.12123","pubmedId":"23116208","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/apt.12123","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:15.460Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"8da24ab3-aed5-42a4-981b-9d4d2ef28c40","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"The Efficacy of Single Dose Linaclotide in Polyethylene Glycol-Based Bowel Preparation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41123247/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"The Efficacy of Single Dose Linaclotide in Polyethylene Glycol-Based Bowel Preparation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.\" Abstract excerpt: Adjunct agents in bowel preparation for colonoscopy have the potential to improve procedure outcomes. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of adjunct single-dose linaclotide with bowel prep on colonoscopy outcomes. We conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science from inception until April 2025 for randomized controlled tr","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1097/mcg.0000000000002267","pubmedId":"41123247","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/mcg.0000000000002267","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:15.535Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"80bb6fc5-71ae-4b14-909e-7b1dcb242a1c","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Efficacy and tolerability of linaclotide in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation in a real‑world setting - results from a German noninterventional study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29742779/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Efficacy and tolerability of linaclotide in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation in a real‑world setting - results from a German noninterventional study.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide is a minimally absorbed peptide guanylate cyclase-C agonist approved for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). This study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of linaclotide in IBS-C in routine clinical practice in Germany. This was a 52-week, noninterventional study of linaclotide in patients aged &#x2265;&#x200a;18 years with moderate to severe IBS-C.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1055/s-0043-124875","pubmedId":"29742779","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1055/s-0043-124875","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:15.613Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"0f7962e7-d8b6-45fe-9488-03df81b209be","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Pilot study on the effect of linaclotide in patients with chronic constipation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19098860/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Pilot study on the effect of linaclotide in patients with chronic constipation.\" Abstract excerpt: Chronic constipation is a common gastrointestinal disorder with limited treatment options. Oral administration of linaclotide, a novel peptide agonist of guanylate cyclase-C receptors, has been shown in animal studies to stimulate intestinal fluid secretion and transit. In Phase 1 studies in healthy human volunteers, linaclotide was well-tolerated, increased bowel movement frequency, and loosened ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1038/ajg.2008.59","pubmedId":"19098860","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/ajg.2008.59","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:15.688Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"0d4312ac-7faa-4fe4-aad8-d933c80d5554","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Cost impact of incorporating linaclotide into low-volume colonoscopy preparation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37863578/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Cost impact of incorporating linaclotide into low-volume colonoscopy preparation.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.gie.2023.05.054","pubmedId":"37863578","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.gie.2023.05.054","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:15.764Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"b5f8e4d9-63e4-4084-b59c-b073404c9b59","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Effects of the combined use of linaclotide and oral sulfate solution in bowel preparation for patients with chronic constipation undergoing colonoscopy: protocol of a prospective, randomised, controlled, single-blind clinical trial from a single centre in China.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40335135/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Effects of the combined use of linaclotide and oral sulfate solution in bowel preparation for patients with chronic constipation undergoing colonoscopy: protocol of a prospective, randomised, controlled, single-blind clinical trial from a single centre in China.\" Abstract excerpt: Chronic constipation is an independent risk factor for inadequate bowel preparation. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the combined use of linaclotide and oral sulfate solution (OSS) in patients with chronic constipation undergoing colonoscopy. This is a prospective, randomised, controlled, single-blind (endoscopist) clinical trial that compares three bowel","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1136/bmjopen-2025-099687","pubmedId":"40335135","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-099687","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:15.840Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"4dd0125c-1e26-4cd7-abc2-6bd5d82996f8","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Randomized controlled trial of linaclotide in children aged 6-17 years with functional constipation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38533633/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Randomized controlled trial of linaclotide in children aged 6-17 years with functional constipation.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide, a guanylate cyclase-C agonist, was recently approved in the United States for treatment of children 6-17 years old with functional constipation (FC). This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of several linaclotide doses in children 6-17 years old with FC. In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 study, 173 children with FC&#xa0;(based on Rome III c","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1002/jpn3.12184","pubmedId":"38533633","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/jpn3.12184","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:15.916Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"2e9accf2-d539-408f-8416-13b8463d5a39","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Determining an optimal dose of linaclotide for use in Japanese patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: A phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29278278/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Determining an optimal dose of linaclotide for use in Japanese patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: A phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.\" Abstract excerpt: Clinical testing to determine a suitable dose of linaclotide for Japanese patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) was needed. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding trial. Japanese patients with IBS-C diagnosed using Rome III criteria (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;559, men/women: 49/510) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 linaclotide doses (0.0625, 0.125, 0.2","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1111/nmo.13275","pubmedId":"29278278","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/nmo.13275","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:15.991Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"0c4f053e-e2de-4a33-91c3-a15c8715560d","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"The Effects of Combined Use of Linaclotide and Polyethylene Glycol Electrolyte Powder in Colonoscopy Preparation for Patients With Chronic Constipation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38444073/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"The Effects of Combined Use of Linaclotide and Polyethylene Glycol Electrolyte Powder in Colonoscopy Preparation for Patients With Chronic Constipation.\" Abstract excerpt: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of linaclotide and polyethylene glycol (PEG) electrolyte powder in patients with chronic constipation undergoing colonoscopy preparation. We included 260 patients with chronic constipation who were scheduled to undergo a colonoscopy. They were equally divided into 4 groups using a random number table: 4L PEG, 3L PEG, 3L PEG+L, and 2L","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1097/sle.0000000000001273","pubmedId":"38444073","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/sle.0000000000001273","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:16.068Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"154f36b5-e398-4f90-bf1f-1f94b3e2894a","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"The guanylate cyclase C agonist linaclotide ameliorates the gut-cardio-renal axis in an adenine-induced mouse model of chronic kidney disease.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31411705/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"The guanylate cyclase C agonist linaclotide ameliorates the gut-cardio-renal axis in an adenine-induced mouse model of chronic kidney disease.\" Abstract excerpt: Cardiorenal syndrome is a major cause of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the involvement of detrimental humoral mediators in the pathogenesis of cardiorenal syndrome is still controversial. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a hepatic metabolic product of trimethylamine generated from dietary phosphatidylcholine or carnitine derived by the gut microbiota, has been lin","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1093/ndt/gfz126","pubmedId":"31411705","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/ndt/gfz126","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:16.143Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"cf52c1ee-5cb1-4b4a-a737-b703fb1ece57","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Polyethylene glycol combined with linaclotide is an effective and well-tolerated bowel preparation regimen for colonoscopy: an endoscopist-blinded, randomized, controlled trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34034273/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Polyethylene glycol combined with linaclotide is an effective and well-tolerated bowel preparation regimen for colonoscopy: an endoscopist-blinded, randomized, controlled trial.\" Abstract excerpt: Bowel preparation is an important determinant of the quality of colonoscopy. The traditional split-dose regimen of 4 L polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions for bowel preparation is effective but poorly tolerated. The aim of this was to study the efficacy and tolerability of using linaclotide as an adjunctive agent with low-volume PEG for bowel preparation. This was an endoscopist-blinded, randomize","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1097/meg.0000000000002184","pubmedId":"34034273","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/meg.0000000000002184","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:16.220Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"5f03e98e-746e-4707-a6f4-e285e85249fb","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Effectiveness and tolerability of linaclotide in the treatment of IBS-C in a \"real-life\" setting: Results from a Portuguese single-center study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30569519/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Effectiveness and tolerability of linaclotide in the treatment of IBS-C in a \"real-life\" setting: Results from a Portuguese single-center study.\" Abstract excerpt: Although linaclotide has been approved to treat moderate to severe IBS-C, no data are available on its effectiveness and tolerability in patients in a real-life setting. A prospective single-center study of the effectiveness and tolerability of linaclotide was carried out on patients (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;40) with moderate to severe IBS-C, all fulfilling the Rome IV criteria. Clinical information was rec","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1111/nmo.13508","pubmedId":"30569519","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/nmo.13508","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:16.295Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"71057d01-9ed7-47ce-8775-599efc96b1f0","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Renoprotective effects of laxative linaclotide: Inhibition of acute kidney injury and fibrosis in a rat model of renal ischemia-reperfusion.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38554603/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Renoprotective effects of laxative linaclotide: Inhibition of acute kidney injury and fibrosis in a rat model of renal ischemia-reperfusion.\" Abstract excerpt: Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) leads to tissue damage in transplanted kidneys, resulting in acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic graft dysfunction, which critically compromises transplant outcomes, such as graft loss. Linaclotide, a guanylate cyclase C agonist clinically approved as a laxative, has recently been identified to exhibit renoprotective effects in a chronic kidney disease (CKD) model. Thi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149709","pubmedId":"38554603","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149709","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:16.367Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"dadc912e-2834-472a-a9d7-a6655a3dfcff","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Microbiota-derived butyrate dampens linaclotide stimulation of the guanylate cyclase C pathway in patient-derived colonoids.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37736865/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Microbiota-derived butyrate dampens linaclotide stimulation of the guanylate cyclase C pathway in patient-derived colonoids.\" Abstract excerpt: Disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) are complex conditions that result in decreased quality of life and a significant cost burden. Linaclotide, a guanylin cyclase C (GCC) receptor agonist, is approved as a DGBI treatment. However, its efficacy has been limited and variable across DGBI patients. Microbiota and metabolomic alterations are noted in DGBI patients, provoking the hypothesis that t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1111/nmo.14681","pubmedId":"37736865","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/nmo.14681","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:16.439Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"c5df2d0f-2d49-4ccd-b0ed-e479b424a8e2","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"A review of the clinical efficacy of linaclotide in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23198977/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"A review of the clinical efficacy of linaclotide in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.\" Abstract excerpt: The aims were: firstly, to review the definition and diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C, a subtype of IBS); secondly, to critically assess current therapies for IBS-C with a focus on effectiveness for abdominal pain; and thirdly, to review clinical studies evaluating the efficacy of linaclotide, a therapy recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1185/03007995.2012.754743","pubmedId":"23198977","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1185/03007995.2012.754743","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:16.511Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"65f69cf1-db97-4f2c-a20c-387fcc65ba2e","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"A randomized controlled and long-term linaclotide study of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation patients in Japan.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30136447/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"A randomized controlled and long-term linaclotide study of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation patients in Japan.\" Abstract excerpt: Clinical testing was required to verify the effect of linaclotide 0.5&#xa0;mg/d in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) in Japan. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled (Part 1) and long-term, open-label extension (Part 2) study of linaclotide at 60 hospitals and clinics in Japan. Patients with IBS-C diagnosed using Rome III criteria (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;500)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1111/nmo.13444","pubmedId":"30136447","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/nmo.13444","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:16.583Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"1eb9cae0-96f7-47ee-ba78-8c124f510323","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Comparative profiles of lubiprostone, linaclotide, and elobixibat for chronic constipation: a systematic literature review with meta-analysis and number needed to treat/harm.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38166671/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Comparative profiles of lubiprostone, linaclotide, and elobixibat for chronic constipation: a systematic literature review with meta-analysis and number needed to treat/harm.\" Abstract excerpt: To comprehensively evaluate the efficacy, safety, patient symptoms, and quality-of-life (QoL) of lubiprostone, linaclotide, and elobixibat as treatment for chronic constipation (CC). Systematic literature review (SLR) and meta-analysis (MA). Literature searches were conducted on PubMed and Embase using the Ovid platform. SLR including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies w","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1186/s12876-023-03104-8","pubmedId":"38166671","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1186/s12876-023-03104-8","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:16.659Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"6fde007d-c7d4-4ec8-b92e-2c9fa4fba2b2","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Cost-Effectiveness of Vibrant System vs. Linaclotide in Chronic Idiopathic Constipation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39527338/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Cost-Effectiveness of Vibrant System vs. Linaclotide in Chronic Idiopathic Constipation.\" Abstract excerpt: Chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) is a common disorder that has a large unmet clinical need, affecting 8.0-12.0% of the US population and disproportionately affecting female individuals more than male individuals. Patients and physicians are equally dissatisfied with over-the-counter and prescription treatments. Physician dissatisfaction is at 78%. CIC has a significant negative impact on qual","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s12325-024-03035-0","pubmedId":"39527338","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s12325-024-03035-0","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:16.735Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"05622d4a-74fb-41c9-a5b9-197dadbd6567","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"[Pharmacological and clinical profile of linaclotide (Linzess<sup>®</sup>), a novel therapeutic agent for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and chronic constipation].","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31178535/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"[Pharmacological and clinical profile of linaclotide (Linzess<sup>®</sup>), a novel therapeutic agent for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and chronic constipation].\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide (Linzess &#xae; tablets 0.25&#x2005;mg) is a guanylate cyclase-C (GC-C) agonist with high selectivity and binding affinity to GC-C. In Japan, linaclotide was approved for &#x301d;irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C)&#x301f; in December 2016 and &#x301d;chronic constipation (CC) (excluding constipation due to organic disease)&#x301f; in August 2018. Non-clinical studies de","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1254/fpj.153.289","pubmedId":"31178535","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1254/fpj.153.289","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:16.811Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"727878fd-8447-4ae2-991e-04fec3b67e08","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Elvitegravir/cobicistat, mirabegron, and linaclotide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23229974/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Elvitegravir/cobicistat, mirabegron, and linaclotide.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1331/japha.2012.12544","pubmedId":"23229974","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1331/japha.2012.12544","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:16.887Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"b7859a9b-5201-4914-ae60-645292e3151e","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Improving the Gastrointestinal Stability of Linaclotide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33979161/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Improving the Gastrointestinal Stability of Linaclotide.\" Abstract excerpt: High susceptibility to proteolytic degradation in the gastrointestinal tract limits the therapeutic application of peptide drugs in gastrointestinal disorders. Linaclotide is an orally administered peptide drug for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) and abdominal pain. Linaclotide is however degraded in the intestinal environment within 1 h, and improvements in gas","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00380","pubmedId":"33979161","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00380","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:16.963Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"f1e339ec-9746-4abf-be5e-d96177bf4687","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"The gut microbiota participates in the effect of linaclotide in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C): a multicenter, prospective, pre-post study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38263117/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"The gut microbiota participates in the effect of linaclotide in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C): a multicenter, prospective, pre-post study.\" Abstract excerpt: Interindividual variation characterizes the relief experienced by constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C) patients following linaclotide treatment. Complex bidirectional interactions occur between the gut microbiota and various clinical drugs. To date, no established evidence has elucidated the interactions between the gut microbiota and linaclotide. We aimed to explore the impac","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1186/s12967-024-04898-1","pubmedId":"38263117","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1186/s12967-024-04898-1","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:17.039Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"e1d6ff87-6ab4-46a7-9f0b-5bf075ef5f23","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Effect of Age and Age-Defined Menopausal Status on Linaclotide Efficacy and Safety in Adults With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation or Chronic Idiopathic Constipation: Post Hoc Analyses of Phase 2b/3 Studies.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42702764/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Effect of Age and Age-Defined Menopausal Status on Linaclotide Efficacy and Safety in Adults With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation or Chronic Idiopathic Constipation: Post Hoc Analyses of Phase 2b/3 Studies.\" Abstract excerpt: This post hoc study explored the effect of age and age-defined menopausal status on linaclotide efficacy and safety in adults with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) or chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC). Data were pooled from eight randomized, placebo-controlled studies of linaclotide 72 &#x3bc;g (CIC), 145 &#x3bc;g (CIC), or 290 &#x3bc;g (IBS-C). Patients were stratified by ag","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/nmo.70429","pubmedId":"42702764","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/nmo.70429","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:17.115Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"5b591d87-6765-4ac9-83bb-25e36612c2a1","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Randomized Trial of 2 Delayed-Release Formulations of Linaclotide in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33065589/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Randomized Trial of 2 Delayed-Release Formulations of Linaclotide in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation.\" Abstract excerpt: Immediate-release (IR) formulation of linaclotide 290 &#x3bc;g improves abdominal pain and constipation (APC) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with constipation. Delayed-release (DR) formulations were developed on the premise that targeting the ileum (delayed-release formulation 1 [DR1]) or ileocecal junction and cecum (MD-7246, formerly DR2) would modulate linaclotide's secretory e","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.14309/ajg.0000000000000967","pubmedId":"33065589","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000000967","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:17.191Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"e395f8f9-20a3-4238-9f2d-50faa05aac59","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Guanylate cyclase C-mediated antinociceptive effects of linaclotide in rodent models of visceral pain.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19706070/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Guanylate cyclase C-mediated antinociceptive effects of linaclotide in rodent models of visceral pain.\" Abstract excerpt: BACKGROUND Linaclotide is a novel, orally administered investigational drug currently in clinical development for the treatment of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C) and chronic idiopathic constipation. Visceral hyperalgesia is a major pathophysiological mechanism in IBS-C. Therefore, we investigated the anti-nociceptive properties of linaclotide in rodent models of inflamma","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2982.2009.01385.x","pubmedId":"19706070","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2009.01385.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:17.263Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"bf21fcf7-9812-4c10-b362-076af3a14764","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Pharmacologic properties, metabolism, and disposition of linaclotide, a novel therapeutic peptide approved for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and chronic idiopathic constipation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23090647/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Pharmacologic properties, metabolism, and disposition of linaclotide, a novel therapeutic peptide approved for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and chronic idiopathic constipation.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide, a potent guanylate cyclase C agonist, is a therapeutic peptide approved in the United States for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and chronic idiopathic constipation. We present for the first time the metabolism, degradation, and disposition of linaclotide in animals and humans. We examined the metabolic stability of linaclotide in conditions that mimic the ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1124/jpet.112.199430","pubmedId":"23090647","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1124/jpet.112.199430","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:17.335Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"c4c308c1-10a5-4ad8-bdb7-92991934deec","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Efficacy of 1 L Polyethylene Glycol Plus Ascorbic Acid With Linaclotide Versus Senna for Bowel Preparation: A Multicenter, Endoscopist-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial (Apple Trial).","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39996602/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Efficacy of 1 L Polyethylene Glycol Plus Ascorbic Acid With Linaclotide Versus Senna for Bowel Preparation: A Multicenter, Endoscopist-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial (Apple Trial).\" Abstract excerpt: No bowel preparation (BP) for colonoscopy achieves optimal efficacy and tolerability. Combining polyethylene glycol plus ascorbic acid (PEG-Asc) with adjuvants has been explored to enhance cleansing efficacy and reduce the required volume. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether adding 0.5 mg linaclotide to 1 L PEG-Asc (1 L-PEG/AL) improves superior cleansing compared with adding 24 mg senna","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.14309/ajg.0000000000003370","pubmedId":"39996602","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000003370","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:17.412Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"31dd5993-acd6-42d7-9320-46965ccc4708","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"A New Regioselective Synthesis of the Cysteine-Rich Peptide Linaclotide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36770675/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"A New Regioselective Synthesis of the Cysteine-Rich Peptide Linaclotide.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide is a 14-amino acid residue peptide approved by the FDA for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C), which activates guanylate cyclase C to accelerate intestinal transit. Here we show a new method for the synthesis of linaclotide through the completely selective formation of three disulfide bonds in satisfactory overall yields via mild oxidation reactions of ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3390/molecules28031007","pubmedId":"36770675","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/molecules28031007","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:17.487Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"e7231947-639c-4ea3-be9b-1bbdba0e25c6","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Characterization of disulfide bridges containing cyclic peptide Linaclotide and its degradation products by using LC-HRMS/MS.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39427438/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Characterization of disulfide bridges containing cyclic peptide Linaclotide and its degradation products by using LC-HRMS/MS.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide (LINA) is a first-in-class guanylate cyclase agonist used for treating irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) and chronic idiopathic constipation. Stress degradation studies were performed to examine LINA's intrinsic stability, adhering to International Council for Harmonisation of Technical ICH) guidelines Q1A (R2). The current study endeavours to elucidate the stability b","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116533","pubmedId":"39427438","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116533","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:17.563Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"b571cea2-861d-401b-8a61-24ce92346923","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Efficacy of Polyethylene Glycol Electrolyte Powder Combined With Linaclotide for Colon Cleansing in Patients With Chronic Constipation Undergoing Colonoscopy: A Multicenter, Single-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38713137/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Efficacy of Polyethylene Glycol Electrolyte Powder Combined With Linaclotide for Colon Cleansing in Patients With Chronic Constipation Undergoing Colonoscopy: A Multicenter, Single-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial.\" Abstract excerpt: Constipation is an independent risk factor for poor bowel preparation. This study aimed to evaluate the bowel cleansing efficacy and safety of polyethylene glycol (PEG) combined with linaclotide (lin) for colonoscopy in patients with chronic constipation (CC). This single-blinded, randomized, controlled, and multicenter study was conducted from July 2021 to December 2022 at 7 hospitals. Patients w","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.14309/ctg.0000000000000708","pubmedId":"38713137","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.14309/ctg.0000000000000708","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:17.643Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"d21cde36-b421-43ee-b7a1-e88db056370e","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Responders vs clinical response: a critical analysis of data from linaclotide phase 3 clinical trials in IBS-C.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24382134/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Responders vs clinical response: a critical analysis of data from linaclotide phase 3 clinical trials in IBS-C.\" Abstract excerpt: US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) set a rigorous standard for defining patient responders in irritable bowel syndrome-C (IBS-C; i.e., FDA's Responder Endpoint) for regulatory approval. However, this endpoint's utility for health-care practitioners to assess clinical response has not been determined. We analyzed pooled IBS-C linaclotide trial data to evaluate clinically significant responses in","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1111/nmo.12264","pubmedId":"24382134","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/nmo.12264","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:17.719Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"5a81d664-7600-480e-b7fc-de171c45b431","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Optimized Fmoc solid-phase synthesis of the cysteine-rich peptide linaclotide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20560145/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Optimized Fmoc solid-phase synthesis of the cysteine-rich peptide linaclotide.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide, a small 14-mer peptide highly rich in cysteines, is currently in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. The challenge in the assembly of linaclotide consists of achieving the correct and clean folding of its three disulfide bridges. For this purpose, a number of regioselective, semiregioselective, and random strategies have been studied. In addition","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1002/bip.21480","pubmedId":"20560145","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/bip.21480","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:17.796Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"a4d50205-b88a-4ea0-aeef-9cc0ec9ba137","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"MRP4 Modulation of the Guanylate Cyclase-C/cGMP Pathway: Effects on Linaclotide-Induced Electrolyte Secretion and cGMP Efflux.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26216942/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"MRP4 Modulation of the Guanylate Cyclase-C/cGMP Pathway: Effects on Linaclotide-Induced Electrolyte Secretion and cGMP Efflux.\" Abstract excerpt: MRP4 mediates the efflux of cGMP and cAMP and acts as an important regulator of these secondary messengers, thereby affecting signaling events mediated by cGMP and cAMP. Immunofluorescence staining showed high MRP4 expression localized predominantly in the apical membrane of rat colonic epithelium. In vitro studies were performed using a rat colonic mucosal layer mounted in an Ussing chamber. Lina","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1124/jpet.115.224329","pubmedId":"26216942","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1124/jpet.115.224329","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:17.871Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"e41d6816-eae8-40bb-bef2-511f80ae0df1","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"A novel ultra-low-volume regimen combining 1 L polyethylene glycol and linaclotide versus 2 L polyethylene glycol for colonoscopy cleansing in low-risk individuals: a randomized controlled trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36572127/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"A novel ultra-low-volume regimen combining 1 L polyethylene glycol and linaclotide versus 2 L polyethylene glycol for colonoscopy cleansing in low-risk individuals: a randomized controlled trial.\" Abstract excerpt: The single dose of 2 L polyethylene glycol (PEG) has shown high cleaning efficacy and tolerability in low-risk patients. However, the dosage of this regimen is still challenging for many patients. We investigated the efficacy and tolerability of a novel ultra-low-volume regimen using 1 L PEG and linaclotide (1&#xa0;L PEG+L) versus a single dose of 2 L PEG in low-risk patients. In this prospective,","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.gie.2022.12.015","pubmedId":"36572127","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.gie.2022.12.015","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:17.946Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"56c41fa2-983c-466b-b125-884fb13ff1a6","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Multicentre, non-interventional study of the efficacy and tolerability of linaclotide in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation in primary, secondary and tertiary centres: the Alpine study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31892640/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Multicentre, non-interventional study of the efficacy and tolerability of linaclotide in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation in primary, secondary and tertiary centres: the Alpine study.\" Abstract excerpt: We evaluated the effectiveness and tolerability of linaclotide, a minimally absorbed guanylate cyclase-C agonist, in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) in routine clinical practice. A multicentre, non-interventional study conducted between December 2013 and November 2015 across 31 primary, secondary and tertiary centres in Austria and Switzerland. The study enrolled 1","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025627","pubmedId":"31892640","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025627","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:18.023Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"f7339d03-c593-43e7-b513-ea57465990ec","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Health Care Resource Use and Costs Pre- and Post-Treatment Initiation With Linaclotide: Retrospective Analyses of a U.S. Insured Population.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29451468/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Health Care Resource Use and Costs Pre- and Post-Treatment Initiation With Linaclotide: Retrospective Analyses of a U.S. Insured Population.\" Abstract excerpt: As expected, pharmacy costs increased with the introduction of this new treatment in a market dominated by over-the-counter and generic treatments. On the other hand, outpatient GI-related and irritable bowel disease health care resource use and costs substantially decreased among commercial and Medicare patients following linaclotide treatment initiation.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"29451468","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:29451468","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:18.099Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"4a6a3fde-0a52-45ea-838c-9cc35774afc7","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Identification and Quantification of Structurally Related Peptide Impurity in Linaclotide by Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41539984/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Identification and Quantification of Structurally Related Peptide Impurity in Linaclotide by Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide is an important peptide drug used to treat irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). However, structurally related impurities in peptide drugs can be generated during synthesis, storage, or transport, which compromise the quality and safety. Therefore, developing a highly sensitive analytical method for impurity detection is of great significance. A liquid chromatography-high","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1002/rcm.70030","pubmedId":"41539984","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/rcm.70030","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:18.175Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"6fe44ca0-9055-42e2-9924-46ccff7ae74a","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Constella™(EU)-Linzess™(USA): the last milestone in the long journey of the peptide linaclotide and its implications for the future of peptide drugs.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23464519/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Constella™(EU)-Linzess™(USA): the last milestone in the long journey of the peptide linaclotide and its implications for the future of peptide drugs.\" Abstract excerpt: Irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) and chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) are highly prevalent gastrointestinal disorders associated with health, economical and social problems. Recently, after a long journey of preclinical studies and clinical trials, linaclotide, a first-in-class GC-C receptor peptide agonist, has received the approval in the USA and Europe for the treatment o","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.4155/fmc.13.5","pubmedId":"23464519","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.4155/fmc.13.5","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:18.250Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"defd19d4-bdda-4fff-84d3-83e182c21171","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability of linaclotide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21446888/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability of linaclotide.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide is a novel intestinal secretagogue that is in the advanced stages of development for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) and chronic constipation. These functional gastrointestinal disorders are highly prevalent in adults and children and often do not respond satisfactorily to available treatments. Linaclotide appears to be a promising new agent for pati","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1517/17425255.2011.572875","pubmedId":"21446888","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1517/17425255.2011.572875","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:18.328Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"e7bb7277-7a14-4929-bd7f-5fae271c529c","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study vs data in the daily practice using linaclotide in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29700962/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study vs data in the daily practice using linaclotide in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1111/nmo.13363","pubmedId":"29700962","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/nmo.13363","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:18.404Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"16f7576c-d178-4e1d-bdb7-31bec7e732ff","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of polyethylene glycol in combination with different doses of linaclotide in a fractionated bowel preparation for colonoscopy: a prospective randomized controlled study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39289199/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"Evaluation of the efficacy of polyethylene glycol in combination with different doses of linaclotide in a fractionated bowel preparation for colonoscopy: a prospective randomized controlled study.\" Abstract excerpt: The ideal bowel cleansing program still needs to be explored. The aim was to compare the bowel cleansing effect and patient tolerance of low-dose polyethylene glycol (PEG) combined with different doses of linaclotide in fractionated bowel preparation. The subjects were randomly assigned to the 3LPEG group, 2LPEG + 2L group, or 2LPEG + L group. The primary outcome was to use the Ottawa Bowel Prepar","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1007/s00384-024-04718-4","pubmedId":"39289199","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00384-024-04718-4","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:18.479Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"2a8011ec-7b7f-49dc-a2a2-8cf33cf03ab5","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"An evaluation of the FDA responder endpoint for IBS-C clinical trials: analysis of data from linaclotide Phase 3 clinical trials.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23384406/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"An evaluation of the FDA responder endpoint for IBS-C clinical trials: analysis of data from linaclotide Phase 3 clinical trials.\" Abstract excerpt: Our objective was to evaluate the performance of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Responder Endpoint for clinical trials in IBS-C, using data from two large Phase 3 clinical trials of linaclotide. The FDA interim endpoint requires that, for 50% of trial weeks, patients report &#x2265;30% decrease in Abdominal Pain at its worst and (in the same week) an increase in Complete Spontaneous Bowel ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1111/nmo.12089","pubmedId":"23384406","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/nmo.12089","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:18.555Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"f46b05db-ecd3-4439-866a-36ca38d8d71d","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"The Impact of Stool Consistency on Bowel Movement Satisfaction in Patients With IBS-C or CIC Treated With Linaclotide or Other Medications: Real-World Evidence From the CONTOR Study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31361710/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"The Impact of Stool Consistency on Bowel Movement Satisfaction in Patients With IBS-C or CIC Treated With Linaclotide or Other Medications: Real-World Evidence From the CONTOR Study.\" Abstract excerpt: This study aimed to characterize the impact of stool consistency on patient-reported bowel movement (BM) satisfaction in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) or chronic idiopathic constipation, with a focus on linaclotide. As new medications for constipation become available, understanding patients' perceptions of treatment effects may help clinicians manage patient exp","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1097/mcg.0000000000001245","pubmedId":"31361710","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/mcg.0000000000001245","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:18.635Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"36347eaa-46ab-4f28-b003-0d1cc29f67d1","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"A 12-week, randomized, controlled trial with a 4-week randomized withdrawal period to evaluate the efficacy and safety of linaclotide in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22986440/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"A 12-week, randomized, controlled trial with a 4-week randomized withdrawal period to evaluate the efficacy and safety of linaclotide in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.\" Abstract excerpt: Linaclotide is a minimally absorbed guanylate cyclase-C agonist. The objective of this trial was to determine the efficacy and safety of linaclotide in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). This phase 3, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial randomized IBS-C patients to placebo or 290 &#x3bc; g oral linaclotide once daily in a 12-week treatment period, ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1038/ajg.2012.255","pubmedId":"22986440","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/ajg.2012.255","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:18.788Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"9b207954-923a-431f-ab3c-40a97db2829d","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"The impact of abdominal pain on global measures in patients with chronic idiopathic constipation, before and after treatment with linaclotide: a pooled analysis of two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25312449/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"The impact of abdominal pain on global measures in patients with chronic idiopathic constipation, before and after treatment with linaclotide: a pooled analysis of two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials.\" Abstract excerpt: Few clinical trials in chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) patients have evaluated abdominal symptom severity and whether CIC patients with abdominal symptoms respond similarly to patients with limited abdominal symptoms. To examine abdominal symptom severity and relationships between symptoms and global measures at baseline; compare linaclotide's effect on symptoms in subpopulations with more o","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1111/apt.12985","pubmedId":"25312449","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/apt.12985","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:18.932Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"},{"id":"4ba470b3-9e84-48ce-b3ac-77f935d9d40c","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","title":"[Joint Statement of the German Society for Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (DGVS), the German Society for Neurogastroenterology and motility (DGNM) and the German Society for Internal Medicine (DGIM) for linaclotide-benefit assessment of the Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG) in accordance with § 35a SGB V (dossier evaluation)].","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24266047/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Linaclotide: \"[Joint Statement of the German Society for Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (DGVS), the German Society for Neurogastroenterology and motility (DGNM) and the German Society for Internal Medicine (DGIM) for linaclotide-benefit assessment of the Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG) in accordance with § 35a SGB V (dossier evaluation)].\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1055/s-0033-1357025","pubmedId":"24266047","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"linaclotide\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1055/s-0033-1357025","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:19.008Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.344Z"}],"regulatoryStatuses":[{"id":"d41e0d0f-b670-49f5-a3be-e1a90f7edec8","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","jurisdiction":"European Union — EMA","status":"approved","approvedIndication":"Constella (linaclotide) is centrally authorized for the symptomatic treatment of moderate to severe irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) in adults.","rationale":"EMA EPAR documents central EU authorization for Constella (linaclotide, marketed as Linzess in the US) for IBS-C. Scope is the authorized product and indication; other gastrointestinal uses are not implied.","sourceTitle":"European Medicines Agency: Constella (linaclotide)","sourceUrl":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/constella","dateChecked":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewDueAt":"2026-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","enteredById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","publicationStatus":"published","factualObservationId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:42:18.087Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.447Z"},{"id":"d34e974e-7196-4a68-b878-89935e91e14e","peptideId":"d5ff791d-eaa3-4ca2-9371-cc39793d1b3c","jurisdiction":"United States — FDA","status":"approved","approvedIndication":"LINZESS (linaclotide) is indicated for the treatment of: irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) in adults and pediatric patients 7 years of age and older; chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) in adults; and functional constipation (FC) in pediatric patients 6 years of age and older. Contraindicated in patients less than 2 years of age (boxed warning: risk of serious dehydration).","rationale":"FDA labeling documents approved LINZESS (linaclotide) for its specified indications and populations; other gastrointestinal uses are not implied.","sourceTitle":"FDA LINZESS (linaclotide) prescribing information","sourceUrl":"https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2025/202811s022lbl.pdf","dateChecked":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewDueAt":null,"enteredById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","publicationStatus":"published","factualObservationId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:14:17.047Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:25.447Z"}]},{"id":"46a477dd-4234-46e3-8f2d-f955131358c9","slug":"liraglutide","commonName":"Liraglutide","alternativeNames":[],"category":"GLP-1 receptor agonist","mechanismSummary":"Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist investigated in type 2 diabetes and weight management. WPF separates findings by dose, population, indication, comparator, and endpoint so that one result is not generalized to every setting.","evidenceQualitySummary":"WPF’s existing Liraglutide research atlas includes directly attributable randomized studies: the LEADER cardiovascular outcomes trial in type 2 diabetes (PMID 27295427), a weight-management trial (PMID 26132939), and a pediatric obesity trial (PMID 39258838). It also includes a randomized comparison with semaglutide in weight management (PMID 35015037). These trials address distinct populations, regimens, and endpoints. A cardiovascular meta-analysis (PMID 37854744) is listed as a screening source, not a substitute for appraising the underlying trials.","safetyConcernsSummary":"This Directory entry has not yet converted its screening inventory into a fully source-linked editorial synthesis. Diabetes and weight-management studies use different populations, doses, and outcomes; pediatric findings require their own context. The absence of published citations in this Directory lane reflects its workflow state, not the absence of research.","archiveSummaryNote":"De-identified experiences in WPF’s observational archive are separate from controlled research. Such reports can motivate questions but cannot establish causation, efficacy, comparative safety, or event frequency.","openQuestionsText":"Which outcomes are supported by direct randomized trials in each indicated population? How do dose and comparator alter the interpretation of weight and cardiovascular outcomes? What remains uncertain about long-term safety and effects outside the studied populations? Source-level appraisal is needed before broader claims.","active":true,"createdAt":"2026-08-27T06:13:56.687Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T01:46:54.817Z","entityClass":"peptide_analog","entityClassSource":"inferred","entityClassReviewed":false,"entityClassReviewedBy":null,"entityClassReviewedAt":null,"registryStatus":"canonical","registryTier":"flagship","acquisitionEnabled":true,"publicationState":"published","editorialState":"published","chemistry":null,"citations":[],"regulatoryStatuses":[]},{"id":"85239683-58ff-4847-8d53-ce1e5c71679b","slug":"mots-c","commonName":"MOTS-c","alternativeNames":["Mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA-c","MOTS-c peptide"],"category":"Mitochondrial-derived peptide","mechanismSummary":"MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA region. Experimental work links it to cellular stress responses, AMPK-related metabolism, nuclear signaling, exercise adaptation, and age-associated physiology.","evidenceQualitySummary":"The field includes extensive cell and animal research plus human observational studies of endogenous MOTS-c levels and genetic variants. Evidence that administered synthetic MOTS-c safely improves clinical outcomes in humans remains insufficient.","safetyConcernsSummary":"Endogenous association studies do not establish the safety of exogenous administration. Human pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, dose-response, off-target effects, interaction risks, reproductive toxicity, and long-term outcomes remain inadequately defined.","archiveSummaryNote":"The archive distinguishes endogenous MOTS-c biology and genetic associations from interventional evidence involving administered synthetic peptide.","openQuestionsText":"Which circulating measurements are analytically valid? Does exogenous MOTS-c engage the same pathways as endogenous peptide, and can controlled trials establish clinically meaningful benefit and long-term safety?","active":true,"createdAt":"2026-08-18T17:25:11.064Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z","entityClass":"classification_pending","entityClassSource":"inferred","entityClassReviewed":true,"entityClassReviewedBy":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","entityClassReviewedAt":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z","registryStatus":"canonical","registryTier":null,"acquisitionEnabled":true,"publicationState":"published","editorialState":"published","chemistry":{"id":"00386db039ca484732cff6a06b9746f1","peptideId":"85239683-58ff-4847-8d53-ce1e5c71679b","molecularFormula":null,"molecularWeight":null,"aminoAcidSequence":"MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR","smiles":null,"inchi":null,"inchikey":null,"structureImageUrl":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z"},"citations":[{"id":"b7502121907926f951108a55e49de570","peptideId":"85239683-58ff-4847-8d53-ce1e5c71679b","title":"Role of MOTS-c in the regulation of bone metabolism.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37200834/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"MOTS-c, a mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP), is an essential regulatory mediator of cell protection and energy metabolism and is involved in the development of specific diseases. ...Exercise effectively upregulates the expression of MOTS-c, but the s …","authors":"Yi X, Hu G, Yang Y, Li J, Jin J, Chang B.","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3389/fphys.2023.1149120","pubmedId":"37200834","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted corpus expansion authorized by owner on 2026-09-08. 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It is an important regulator of the nuclear genome during times of stress because it promotes an adaptive stress response to m …","authors":"Mohtashami Z, Singh MK, Neto FT, Salimiaghdam N, Hasanpour H, Kenney MC.","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3390/antiox12020518","pubmedId":"36830076","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted corpus expansion authorized by owner on 2026-09-08. 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Weight-management and type 2 diabetes trials have different enrolled populations, regimens, comparators, and endpoints.","evidenceQualitySummary":"WPF’s atlas includes randomized-trial syntheses for overweight or obesity and comparisons with other incretin-pathway treatments. Meta-analyses and indirect network comparisons may combine heterogeneous studies; their titles do not establish comparative superiority or long-term benefit.","safetyConcernsSummary":"No published source-linked citations or jurisdiction-specific regulatory records have been attached here. Trial phase, population, dose, safety follow-up, and direct versus indirect comparison need source-level appraisal.","archiveSummaryNote":"WPF's separate observational archive may include contributor reports concerning mazdutide, used for weight management or type 2 diabetes. As with every entry in that archive, these de-identified reports can suggest questions but cannot establish causation, efficacy, comparative safety, or event frequency, and reports across these different use contexts should be interpreted separately.","openQuestionsText":"Which direct randomized trials support each investigated indication? How do effects and tolerability change by comparator and population? 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Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: Read directly: commentary genuinely discussing mazdutide (jointly with a second compound); not yet MEDLINE-indexed.. Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1001/jama.2026.10443","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T23:11:34.992Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:32.913Z"},{"id":"c28cbf75-9a06-4da1-804b-1637a69e3046","peptideId":"5500bee9-eb0c-4bbb-9f45-195ccef9a423","title":"Treatment With 9-mg Mazdutide for Weight Reduction in Chinese Adults With Obesity: Research Summary.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42251596/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Mazdutide: \"Treatment With 9-mg Mazdutide for Weight Reduction in Chinese Adults With Obesity: Research Summary.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1001/jama.2026.8427","pubmedId":"42251596","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: Read directly: plain-language summary of a specific mazdutide trial; not yet MEDLINE-indexed.. Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1001/jama.2026.8427","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T23:11:35.147Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:32.913Z"},{"id":"f35a9408-a8e9-4d20-b8e3-5cb13327f663","peptideId":"5500bee9-eb0c-4bbb-9f45-195ccef9a423","title":"Once-Weekly Mazdutide in Obesity or Overweight. Reply.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40929642/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Mazdutide: \"Once-Weekly Mazdutide in Obesity or Overweight. Reply.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1056/nejmc2509841","pubmedId":"40929642","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: Read directly: author reply in a correspondence thread specifically about mazdutide's own trial; not yet MEDLINE-indexed.. Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1056/nejmc2509841","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T23:11:35.070Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:32.913Z"},{"id":"c68147ad-0c92-4470-afec-126acca6f214","peptideId":"5500bee9-eb0c-4bbb-9f45-195ccef9a423","title":"Mazdutide versus dulaglutide in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41407860/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Mazdutide: \"Mazdutide versus dulaglutide in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Mazdutide is a once-weekly glucagon and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor dual agonist developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) 1 . Here we report on a randomized phase III trial assessing the efficacy and safety of mazdutide, compared with dulaglutide, in participants with T2D who were also treated with background oral anti-diabetic drugs. In this study, 731 participants with T2D were ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-10031-z","pubmedId":"41407860","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=14). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41586-025-10031-z","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:17.234Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:32.913Z"},{"id":"35562f05-25e9-4ffd-b772-9474d4709630","peptideId":"5500bee9-eb0c-4bbb-9f45-195ccef9a423","title":"Mazdutide versus Semaglutide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity: Rationale, design and baseline data of DREAMS-3 phase 3 trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41260459/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Mazdutide: \"Mazdutide versus Semaglutide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity: Rationale, design and baseline data of DREAMS-3 phase 3 trial.\" Abstract excerpt: Effective weight management and glycemic control are both important in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Despite the proven benefits of GLP-1 receptor agonists, there is a persistent need for more effective weight management strategies in the treatment of T2D and obesity. Glucagon receptor-based co-agonists, such as mazdutide, represent a promising therapeutic class with the potential","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.cct.2025.108150","pubmedId":"41260459","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=331, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.cct.2025.108150","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:16.925Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:32.913Z"},{"id":"2951dbe4-bbbe-4851-bc17-919bc4e125d2","peptideId":"5500bee9-eb0c-4bbb-9f45-195ccef9a423","title":"Mazdutide 9 mg in Chinese adults with a body mass index ≥30 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; but without diabetes: A phase 2 randomized controlled trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41875890/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Mazdutide: \"Mazdutide 9 mg in Chinese adults with a body mass index ≥30 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; but without diabetes: A phase 2 randomized controlled trial.\" Abstract excerpt: Once-weekly dual glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist mazdutide, administered at 4 and 6 mg, provides substantial weight loss in Chinese adults with overweight or obesity. This trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mazdutide 9 mg in Chinese adults with obesity. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial (NCT01904913), participants with a body m","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.medj.2026.101063","pubmedId":"41875890","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=71, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.medj.2026.101063","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:17.041Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:32.913Z"},{"id":"353fd093-2226-4adb-a667-16235d06c37f","peptideId":"5500bee9-eb0c-4bbb-9f45-195ccef9a423","title":"Mazdutide Versus Dulaglutide for Weight Loss and Diabetes Management: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39292847/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Mazdutide: \"Mazdutide Versus Dulaglutide for Weight Loss and Diabetes Management: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1097/mjt.0000000000001756","pubmedId":"39292847","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"mazdutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/mjt.0000000000001756","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:19.085Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:32.913Z"},{"id":"cc0a612e-cdbc-4b58-aa6c-096f7010c2f5","peptideId":"5500bee9-eb0c-4bbb-9f45-195ccef9a423","title":"Once-Weekly Mazdutide in Chinese Adults with Obesity or Overweight.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40421736/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Direct clinical study in its enrolled adult population; does not establish outcomes beyond its design.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa2411528","pubmedId":"40421736","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Upgraded from an entered/unverified draft to a content-verified citation. Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=103, totalMentions=12). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This publication addresses Mazdutide in the specific setting identified in its title.","supportNature":"Screened source-level context; specific outcomes and evidence tier await appraisal.","qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1056/nejmoa2411528","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:12:45.593Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:32.913Z"},{"id":"6acf0b07-0a80-441b-9118-691af9eb1248","peptideId":"5500bee9-eb0c-4bbb-9f45-195ccef9a423","title":"Mazdutide versus placebo in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41407859/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Mazdutide: \"Mazdutide versus placebo in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Despite advances in type 2 diabetes (T2D) management, unmet needs remain for therapies that effectively control hyperglycaemia while addressing comorbid metabolic disorders 1,2 . Here we assessed the efficacy and safety of the dual glucagon receptor (GCGR)/glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist mazdutide monotherapy versus placebo in Chinese adults with T2D controlled inadequately with ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-10026-w","pubmedId":"41407859","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=307, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41586-025-10026-w","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:17.113Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:32.913Z"},{"id":"a5d89280-b75c-41d2-9da4-b2fad9c6fb40","peptideId":"5500bee9-eb0c-4bbb-9f45-195ccef9a423","title":"Mazdutide reduces body weight in adults with overweight or obesity: A high-dose Phase 1 trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40832785/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Mazdutide: \"Mazdutide reduces body weight in adults with overweight or obesity: A high-dose Phase 1 trial.\" Abstract excerpt: Mazdutide, an agonist of glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon receptors, significantly reduced weight in early phase trials at doses up to 10 mg. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 1 trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of mazdutide up to 16 mg in adults with overweight or obesity. Thirty-two adults with overweight/obesity without diabetes received once-weekly subcutaneous ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/dom.70040","pubmedId":"40832785","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/dom.70040","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:17.304Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:32.913Z"},{"id":"1ebbffbb-95ff-460d-a778-3340b52525c4","peptideId":"5500bee9-eb0c-4bbb-9f45-195ccef9a423","title":"Mazdutide Ameliorates Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease by Modulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Improving Lipid Metabolism and Alleviating Inflammation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41901218/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Mazdutide: \"Mazdutide Ameliorates Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease by Modulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Improving Lipid Metabolism and Alleviating Inflammation.\" Abstract excerpt: Background: Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disorder globally. Mazdutide has shown clinical benefits in weight management and metabolic regulation, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent for MASLD. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of action of Mazdutide against early-stage MASLD. Methods: A MASL","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3390/ph19030371","pubmedId":"41901218","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=132, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/ph19030371","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:17.376Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:32.913Z"},{"id":"607b06b8-5b9a-4c20-b61e-d7d5187a7891","peptideId":"5500bee9-eb0c-4bbb-9f45-195ccef9a423","title":"Mazdutide, a dual agonist targeting GLP-1R and GCGR, mitigates diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction: mechanistic insights from multi-omics analysis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40479843/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Mazdutide: \"Mazdutide, a dual agonist targeting GLP-1R and GCGR, mitigates diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction: mechanistic insights from multi-omics analysis.\" Abstract excerpt: Cognitive impairment and dementia are highly associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recent studies have demonstrated that GLP-1 receptor agonists can improve cognitive function through brain activation in patients with T2DM, compared to other oral glucose-lowering drugs. Mazdutide, a dual agonist of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and the glucagon receptor (GCGR","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105791","pubmedId":"40479843","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=294, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105791","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:17.449Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:32.913Z"},{"id":"1af86cff-7f22-4698-b7af-1b45ad73fcd0","peptideId":"5500bee9-eb0c-4bbb-9f45-195ccef9a423","title":"Mazdutide: First Approval.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41028652/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Mazdutide: \"Mazdutide: First Approval.\" Abstract excerpt: Mazdutide (Xinermei &#xae; ) is a dual glucagon receptor (GcgR) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist being developed by Eli Lilly and Company along with Innovent Biologics for use in weight management in adults with obesity or overweight and for the treatment of type&#xa0;2 diabetes (T2D). In June 2025, mazdutide received its first approval, in China, for use (in combination with ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s40265-025-02249-y","pubmedId":"41028652","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s40265-025-02249-y","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:17.566Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:32.913Z"},{"id":"6f1400e0-7a64-44fa-aab1-40925dd2806c","peptideId":"5500bee9-eb0c-4bbb-9f45-195ccef9a423","title":"Treatment With 9-mg Mazdutide for Weight Reduction in Chinese Adults With Obesity: The GLORY-2 Randomized Clinical Trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42251595/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Mazdutide: \"Treatment With 9-mg Mazdutide for Weight Reduction in Chinese Adults With Obesity: The GLORY-2 Randomized Clinical Trial.\" Abstract excerpt: Obesity is a worldwide problem and a major public health issue in China. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mazdutide (a once-weekly glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor dual agonist) in Chinese adults with obesity (defined as a body mass index of &#x2265;30). A double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3, randomized clinical trial including Chinese adults with or without type 2 diabete","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1001/jama.2026.8142","pubmedId":"42251595","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=112, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1001/jama.2026.8142","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:17.641Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:32.913Z"},{"id":"441cf0ed-601b-4cf5-8e43-2b52384a517f","peptideId":"5500bee9-eb0c-4bbb-9f45-195ccef9a423","title":"Efficacy and safety of mazdutide in adults with obesity or overweight: a US-based, multicentre, phase 2, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42628555/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Mazdutide: \"Efficacy and safety of mazdutide in adults with obesity or overweight: a US-based, multicentre, phase 2, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial.\" Abstract excerpt: Therapies targeting GLP-1 or glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptors have provided efficacious weight reduction in adults with obesity. Mazdutide, a glucagon and GLP-1 receptor dual agonist, presents a novel opportunity for differentiated weight reduction. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of once-weekly mazdutide across a dose range up to 16 mg in ad","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00160-9","pubmedId":"42628555","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=157, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00160-9","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:17.757Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:32.913Z"},{"id":"6691438b-e5ad-4915-a7f2-66d72abdf2ad","peptideId":"5500bee9-eb0c-4bbb-9f45-195ccef9a423","title":"Efficacy and Safety of Mazdutide in Managing Overweight and Obesity Among Non-Diabetic Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41804840/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Mazdutide: \"Efficacy and Safety of Mazdutide in Managing Overweight and Obesity Among Non-Diabetic Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.\" Abstract excerpt: Mazdutide, a dual GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, shows promise for weight loss and glycaemic control. This study evaluates its efficacy in non-diabetic patients with obesity. A search of Cochrane Library, PubMed, Google Scholar and clinicaltrials.gov identified randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of mazdutide in adults (&#x2265; 18 years) with obesity. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMa","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/dom.70643","pubmedId":"41804840","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/dom.70643","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:17.833Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:32.913Z"},{"id":"47d79cd4-322b-4463-b4e8-b7ba1542f4a7","peptideId":"5500bee9-eb0c-4bbb-9f45-195ccef9a423","title":"Efficacy and Safety of Mazdutide in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37943529/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Mazdutide: \"Efficacy and Safety of Mazdutide in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Trial.\" Abstract excerpt: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mazdutide, a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucagon receptor dual agonist, in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with diet and exercise alone or with stable metformin (glycated hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] 7.0-10.5% [53-91 mmol","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.2337/dc23-1287","pubmedId":"37943529","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=113, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/dc23-1287","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:17.904Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:32.913Z"},{"id":"637421ee-fec8-471f-9b0c-b6de16af68b0","peptideId":"5500bee9-eb0c-4bbb-9f45-195ccef9a423","title":"Efficacy and safety of Mazdutide on weight loss among diabetic and non-diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38440786/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Mazdutide: \"Efficacy and safety of Mazdutide on weight loss among diabetic and non-diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.\" Abstract excerpt: Overweight and obesity are increasing global public health problems. Mazdutide is a new dual agonist drug that can potentially reduce weight and blood glucose levels simultaneously. However, the synthesis of evidence on the efficacy and safety of this drug is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize evidence on the efficacy and safety of Mazdutide compared to placebo on weight reduction a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2024.1309118","pubmedId":"38440786","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=69, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1309118","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:17.977Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:32.913Z"},{"id":"38c08870-e137-4dc7-a39a-77bf03ac086d","peptideId":"5500bee9-eb0c-4bbb-9f45-195ccef9a423","title":"A phase 2 randomised controlled trial of mazdutide in Chinese overweight adults or adults with obesity.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38092790/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Mazdutide: \"A phase 2 randomised controlled trial of mazdutide in Chinese overweight adults or adults with obesity.\" Abstract excerpt: Mazdutide is a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon receptor dual agonist. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of 24-week treatment of mazdutide up to 6 mg in Chinese overweight adults or adults with obesity, as an interim analysis of a randomised, two-part (low doses up to 6 mg and high dose of 9 mg), double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT0490","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-023-44067-4","pubmedId":"38092790","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41467-023-44067-4","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:18.091Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:32.913Z"},{"id":"3d86b56d-6844-45a4-9917-fc61d60438fb","peptideId":"5500bee9-eb0c-4bbb-9f45-195ccef9a423","title":"Patent landscape and therapeutic evolution of mazdutide: a dual GLP-1/Glucagon receptor agonist for obesity and type 2 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41820018/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Mazdutide: \"Patent landscape and therapeutic evolution of mazdutide: a dual GLP-1/Glucagon receptor agonist for obesity and type 2 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Mazdutide is a dual glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1 R) and glucagon receptor (GCGR) agonist representing a new generation of incretin-based therapeutics for obesity and type 2 diabetes. While its clinical efficacy is increasingly recognized, the intellectual property framework that underpins its development and long-term positioning has not been systematically examined. This review present","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1080/13543776.2026.2645812","pubmedId":"41820018","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/13543776.2026.2645812","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:18.166Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:32.913Z"},{"id":"ca685eb5-08db-46e8-951d-f9d3704663f6","peptideId":"5500bee9-eb0c-4bbb-9f45-195ccef9a423","title":"Case Report: Efficacy and safety of dose-escalated Mazdutide, a GLP-1/GCGR dual agonist, in an adolescent with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hyperuricemia.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41030857/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Mazdutide: \"Case Report: Efficacy and safety of dose-escalated Mazdutide, a GLP-1/GCGR dual agonist, in an adolescent with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hyperuricemia.\" Abstract excerpt: Mazdutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1/glucagon receptor (GLP - 1/GCGR) dual agonist, has shown marked efficacy in glycemic control, weight loss, and metabolic improvement in adults. However, data in adolescents remain limited. This report explores its therapeutic potential in an adolescent with obesity-related type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hyperuricemia (HUA). We report the case of a 15-year-","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1654506","pubmedId":"41030857","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1654506","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:18.283Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:32.913Z"},{"id":"e21d41a3-68ae-4f58-b019-350e166c2392","peptideId":"5500bee9-eb0c-4bbb-9f45-195ccef9a423","title":"Safety and efficacy of a GLP-1 and glucagon receptor dual agonist mazdutide (IBI362) 9 mg and 10 mg in Chinese adults with overweight or obesity: A randomised, placebo-controlled, multiple-ascending-dose phase 1b trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36247927/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Mazdutide: \"Safety and efficacy of a GLP-1 and glucagon receptor dual agonist mazdutide (IBI362) 9 mg and 10 mg in Chinese adults with overweight or obesity: A randomised, placebo-controlled, multiple-ascending-dose phase 1b trial.\" Abstract excerpt: Mazdutide (also known as IBI362 or LY3305677), a novel once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon receptor dual agonist, achieved 12-week body weight loss up to 6.4% at doses up to 6 mg in Chinese adults with overweight or obesity. We further explored the safety and efficacy of mazdutide dosed up to 9 mg and 10 mg. In this randomised, placebo-controlled, multiple-ascending-dose phase","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101691","pubmedId":"36247927","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=12). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101691","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:18.352Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:32.913Z"},{"id":"8e136457-8a21-435d-8159-94de8711ca6e","peptideId":"5500bee9-eb0c-4bbb-9f45-195ccef9a423","title":"Efficacy and Safety of the Dual Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Glucagon Receptor Agonist Mazdutide in Predominantly Chinese Adults With Obesity and/or Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42410325/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Mazdutide: \"Efficacy and Safety of the Dual Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Glucagon Receptor Agonist Mazdutide in Predominantly Chinese Adults With Obesity and/or Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.\" Abstract excerpt: To assess the effects of mazdutide on body weight, HbA1c, metabolic outcomes, and adverse events in adults with overweight/obesity and/or type 2 diabetes (T2D). This systematic review and meta-analysis included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing mazdutide with placebo or active comparators in adults with overweight/obesity and/or T2D, identified through PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/dom.71058","pubmedId":"42410325","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=25, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/dom.71058","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:18.424Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:32.913Z"}],"regulatoryStatuses":[{"id":"b82b29e5-6b0e-4718-a3c0-3d7697690157","peptideId":"5500bee9-eb0c-4bbb-9f45-195ccef9a423","jurisdiction":"United States — FDA","status":"not_approved","approvedIndication":null,"rationale":"No FDA-approved product containing mazdutide was identified in the FDA Drugs@FDA database as of 2026-09-23. Mazdutide is approved in China (see the China — NMPA entry on this profile) but remains investigational in the United States, where it has not completed FDA marketing review. Absence of a record in this search is not proof that no authorization exists under a different product name or application. Status remains product- and date-specific.","sourceTitle":"FDA Drugs@FDA database","sourceUrl":"https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/","dateChecked":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewDueAt":"2026-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","enteredById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","publicationStatus":"published","factualObservationId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:42:18.724Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:32.990Z"},{"id":"98e379e0-c41d-469d-8870-2bb62d3562ea","peptideId":"5500bee9-eb0c-4bbb-9f45-195ccef9a423","jurisdiction":"China — NMPA","status":"approved","approvedIndication":"Mazdutide is approved by China's National Medical Products Administration for chronic weight management in adults with obesity or overweight (approved 2025-06-27), and separately for glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes (approved 2025-09-19).","rationale":"Innovent Biologics' official announcements document two separate NMPA marketing approvals for mazdutide in China: chronic weight management (June 2025) and type 2 diabetes glycemic control (September 2025). This status is specific to China and does not extend to the United States or European Union, where mazdutide remains investigational.","sourceTitle":"Innovent Announces Mazdutide, First Dual GCG/GLP-1 Receptor Agonist, Received Approval from China's NMPA for Chronic Weight Management","sourceUrl":"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/innovent-announces-mazdutide-first-dual-gcgglp-1-receptor-agonist-received-approval-from-chinas-nmpa-for-chronic-weight-management-302493152.html","dateChecked":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewDueAt":"2026-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","enteredById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","publicationStatus":"published","factualObservationId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:42:18.800Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:32.990Z"}]},{"id":"6733b24e-19ab-401a-a174-7e1b9bcfb96b","slug":"melanotan-ii","commonName":"Melanotan II","alternativeNames":[],"category":"Melanocortin peptide analog","mechanismSummary":"Synthetic cyclic melanocortin-receptor agonist studied for pigmentation and other effects.","evidenceQualitySummary":"Source identities are PubMed-resolved and provisionally graded by study design. Full-text findings, bias, applicability, contradictions, and regulatory interpretation remain pending.","safetyConcernsSummary":"Not an FDA-approved tanning drug; official warnings and case reports describe material uncertainty and potentially serious events.","archiveSummaryNote":"A minimum 25-source PubMed corpus and chemistry record are staged for accountable review. This profile remains suppressed until authorized scientific and publication approval.","openQuestionsText":"Which findings survive full-text risk-of-bias review? Which populations, formulations, routes, doses, comparators, durations, and endpoints are directly supported? What jurisdiction-specific authorization applies?","active":true,"createdAt":"2026-08-27T06:13:56.687Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-20T22:47:46.432Z","entityClass":"peptide_analog","entityClassSource":"human_reviewed","entityClassReviewed":true,"entityClassReviewedBy":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","entityClassReviewedAt":"2026-09-20T22:47:46.432Z","registryStatus":"canonical","registryTier":"flagship","acquisitionEnabled":true,"publicationState":"published","editorialState":"published","chemistry":{"id":"e4b37ffe346453cada8faf92a4871584","peptideId":"6733b24e-19ab-401a-a174-7e1b9bcfb96b","molecularFormula":"C50H69N15O9","molecularWeight":1024.2,"aminoAcidSequence":null,"smiles":null,"inchi":null,"inchikey":"JDKLPDJLXHXHNV-MFVUMRCOSA-N","structureImageUrl":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:44:22.278Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T11:44:22.278Z"},"citations":[{"id":"fcb64e56-a845-56ac-8437-3bb2e8c5a612","peptideId":"6733b24e-19ab-401a-a174-7e1b9bcfb96b","title":"Human metallothionein MT-I and MT-II processed genes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6526271/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining human metallothionein mt-i and mt-ii processed genes. 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Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"S I Ono; L Cai; J Koropatnick; M G Cherian","publishingOrg":"Biological trace element research","publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1385/BTER:74:1:23","pubmedId":"11049197","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:42:17.741Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1385/bter:74:1:23","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:17.741Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"animal_in_vivo","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1385/BTER:74:1:23","pmid":"11049197","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:17.741Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"49450f60-92a9-51b3-bd23-4be11afd4396","peptideId":"6733b24e-19ab-401a-a174-7e1b9bcfb96b","title":"Metallothionein in Brain Disorders.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29085556/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article; review examining metallothionein in brain disorders. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"Daniel Juárez-Rebollar; Camilo Rios; Concepción Nava-Ruíz; Marisela Méndez-Armenta","publishingOrg":"Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1016/j.jocn.2016.12.016","pubmedId":"29085556","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:42:17.741Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2016.12.016","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:17.741Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"mechanistic","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article; Review"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1016/j.jocn.2016.12.016","pmid":"29085556","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:17.741Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"97128243-0d2b-5785-8bb7-c1d58b8302e0","peptideId":"6733b24e-19ab-401a-a174-7e1b9bcfb96b","title":"Metallothioneins regulate ATP7A trafficking and control cell viability during copper deficiency and excess.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32398691/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, n.i.h., extramural examining metallothioneins regulate atp7a trafficking and control cell viability during copper deficiency and excess. 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Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"Chiara Testa; Mario Scrima; Manuela Grimaldi; Anna M D'Ursi; Marvin L Dirain; Nadège Lubin-Germain; Anamika Singh; Carrie Haskell-Luevano; Michael Chorev; Paolo Rovero; Anna M Papini","publishingOrg":"Journal of medicinal chemistry","publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1021/jm501027w","pubmedId":"25347033","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:42:17.741Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1021/jm501027w","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:17.741Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"mechanistic","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1021/jm501027w","pmid":"25347033","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:17.741Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"cd4719ba-e281-5db5-a997-a871f7ce5207","peptideId":"6733b24e-19ab-401a-a174-7e1b9bcfb96b","title":"Sites and sources of sympathoexcitation in obese male rats: role of brain insulin.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31967846/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, n.i.h., extramural; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining sites and sources of sympathoexcitation in obese male rats: role of brain insulin. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"Zhigang Shi; Ding Zhao; Priscila A Cassaglia; Virginia L Brooks","publishingOrg":"American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology","publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1124/jpet.112.194738","pubmedId":"31967846","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:42:17.741Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1124/jpet.112.194738","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:17.741Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"animal_in_vivo","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1124/jpet.112.194738","pmid":"31967846","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:17.741Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"8a009ee0-1b46-5100-bbb8-aa269cf4b855","peptideId":"6733b24e-19ab-401a-a174-7e1b9bcfb96b","title":"Cytoprotection by metallothionein against gastroduodenal mucosal injury caused by ethanol in mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10744072/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article examining cytoprotection by metallothionein against gastroduodenal mucosal injury caused by ethanol in mice. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"H Takano; M Satoh; A Shimada; M Sagai; T Yoshikawa; C Tohyama","publishingOrg":"Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology","publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1038/labinvest.3780041","pubmedId":"10744072","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:42:17.741Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/labinvest.3780041","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:17.741Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"animal_in_vivo","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1038/labinvest.3780041","pmid":"10744072","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:17.741Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"e85d90f3-19f1-55ac-999e-f8e4a2b80898","peptideId":"6733b24e-19ab-401a-a174-7e1b9bcfb96b","title":"Exercise-induced metallothionein expression in human skeletal muscle fibres.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15640275/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"PubMed-indexed clinical trial; journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't; retracted publication examining exercise-induced metallothionein expression in human skeletal muscle fibres. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"Milena Penkowa; Pernille Keller; Charlotte Keller; Juan Hidalgo; Mercedes Giralt; Bente Klarlund Pedersen","publishingOrg":"Experimental physiology","publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1113/expphysiol.2004.029371","pubmedId":"15640275","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:42:17.741Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2004.029371","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:17.741Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"human_interventional","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Retracted Publication"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1113/expphysiol.2004.029371","pmid":"15640275","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:17.741Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"bc6811db-7694-507e-aa60-99e7a31701a6","peptideId":"6733b24e-19ab-401a-a174-7e1b9bcfb96b","title":"Characterization of metallothioneins (MT-I and MT-II) in the yak.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17121968/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining characterization of metallothioneins (mt-i and mt-ii) in the yak. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"J P Wu; B Y Ma; H W Ren; L P Zhang; Y Xiang; M A Brown","publishingOrg":"Journal of animal science","publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.2527/jas.2006-291","pubmedId":"17121968","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:42:17.741Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2527/jas.2006-291","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:17.741Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"mechanistic","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.2527/jas.2006-291","pmid":"17121968","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:17.741Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"125398f7-af07-5047-8b6b-b27d9d4a997b","peptideId":"6733b24e-19ab-401a-a174-7e1b9bcfb96b","title":"PKC-α is involved in the signaling of phagocytosis induced by two snake venom secretory PLA2S in macrophages.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38908525/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article examining pkc-α is involved in the signaling of phagocytosis induced by two snake venom secretory pla2s in macrophages. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"Juliana Pavan Zuliani; Norma Yamanouye; José María Gutiérrez; Catarina Teixeira","publishingOrg":"Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107824","pubmedId":"38908525","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:42:17.741Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107824","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:17.741Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"mechanistic","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107824","pmid":"38908525","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:17.741Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"55743814-75ad-5770-9c60-2a007eef12ad","peptideId":"6733b24e-19ab-401a-a174-7e1b9bcfb96b","title":"The role of MT in neurological disorders.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16308482/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, n.i.h., extramural; research support, non-u.s. gov't examining the role of mt in neurological disorders. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"Michael Aschner; Adrian K West","publishingOrg":"Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD","publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.3233/jad-2005-8206","pubmedId":"16308482","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:42:17.741Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3233/jad-2005-8206","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:17.741Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"mechanistic","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.3233/jad-2005-8206","pmid":"16308482","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:17.741Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"015673b4-5735-5aaf-8a22-7e153a1d1432","peptideId":"6733b24e-19ab-401a-a174-7e1b9bcfb96b","title":"The effects of the melanocortin agonist (MT-II) on subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in rodents.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17567964/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, n.i.h., extramural examining the effects of the melanocortin agonist (mt-ii) on subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in rodents. Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"April D Strader; Haifei Shi; Ryuichi Ogawa; Randy J Seeley; Ofer Reizes","publishingOrg":"The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics","publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1124/jpet.107.123091","pubmedId":"17567964","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:42:17.741Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1124/jpet.107.123091","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:17.741Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"mechanistic","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1124/jpet.107.123091","pmid":"17567964","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:17.741Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"26f6e68f-f390-515e-abd8-eab7ac1f9ba3","peptideId":"6733b24e-19ab-401a-a174-7e1b9bcfb96b","title":"Metallothionein induction in neonatal rat primary astrocyte cultures protects against methylmercury cytotoxicity.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7561850/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article; research support, u.s. gov't, non-p.h.s.; research support, u.s. gov't, p.h.s. examining metallothionein induction in neonatal rat primary astrocyte cultures protects against methylmercury cytotoxicity. 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Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This publication addresses Pemvidutide in the specific setting identified in its title.","supportNature":"Screened source-level context; specific outcomes and evidence tier await appraisal.","qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2024.07.006","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:13:10.585Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:34.093Z"},{"id":"4556b796-4ef4-4f22-9570-580d3e240157","peptideId":"779c2af5-3a80-4717-b50e-ee2c4c9669b0","title":"Efficacy and safety of pemvidutide in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: a GRADE-assessed meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41879841/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pemvidutide: \"Efficacy and safety of pemvidutide in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: a GRADE-assessed meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.\" Abstract excerpt: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) contributes substantially to liver and cardiometabolic disease. Pemvidutide, a dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonist, may provide combined hepatic and systemic benefits. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing pemvidutide versus placebo in adults with MASLD/MASH. Data were pooled using random-effects models to es","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s00210-026-05257-1","pubmedId":"41879841","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=120, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: WPF seed. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00210-026-05257-1","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:18.497Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:34.093Z"},{"id":"6fc8b854-309f-44f3-ad66-f3620f8044b4","peptideId":"779c2af5-3a80-4717-b50e-ee2c4c9669b0","title":"Safety and efficacy of weekly pemvidutide versus placebo for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (IMPACT): 24-week results from a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, phase 2b study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41237796/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pemvidutide: \"Safety and efficacy of weekly pemvidutide versus placebo for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (IMPACT): 24-week results from a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, phase 2b study.\" Abstract excerpt: GLP-1-glucagon dual receptor agonists such as pemvidutide have shown promise in treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). The aim of this trial was to assess the effects of pemvidutide on MASH resolution and fibrosis improvement in patients with liver fibrosis stage F2 or F3 MASH at 24 weeks of treatment. IMPACT is an ongoing 48-week international, randomised, double-blind,","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/S0140-6736(25)02114-2","pubmedId":"41237796","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=46, totalMentions=13). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: WPF seed. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(25)02114-2","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:18.616Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:34.093Z"},{"id":"a5e61daf-d194-4934-b54e-b20a1443d677","peptideId":"779c2af5-3a80-4717-b50e-ee2c4c9669b0","title":"Safety and efficacy of 24 weeks of pemvidutide in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: A randomized, controlled clinical trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41113119/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pemvidutide: \"Safety and efficacy of 24 weeks of pemvidutide in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: A randomized, controlled clinical trial.\" Abstract excerpt: This was a double-blind 12-week extension of a randomized, placebo-controlled, 12-week trial of pemvidutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1/glucagon dual receptor agonist, in individuals with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Completers of a double-blind trial of pemvidutide in MASLD, who were previously randomized 1:1:1:1 to pemvidutide at 1.2 mg, 1.8 mg, or 2.4 mg, or ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.jhepr.2025.101483","pubmedId":"41113119","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=96, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jhepr.2025.101483","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:18.689Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:34.093Z"}],"regulatoryStatuses":[{"id":"368e5069-d525-46ce-bb1f-51374694020d","peptideId":"779c2af5-3a80-4717-b50e-ee2c4c9669b0","jurisdiction":"United States — FDA","status":"not_approved","approvedIndication":null,"rationale":"No FDA-approved product containing pemvidutide was identified in the FDA Drugs@FDA database as of 2026-09-23. Pemvidutide (ALT-801) remains an investigational compound in clinical development, with no completed FDA marketing review. Absence of a record in this search is not proof that no authorization exists under a different product name or application. Status remains product- and date-specific.","sourceTitle":"FDA Drugs@FDA database","sourceUrl":"https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/","dateChecked":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewDueAt":"2026-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","enteredById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","publicationStatus":"published","factualObservationId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:42:18.875Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:34.166Z"},{"id":"e81499ee-f1da-4570-beaa-78087a433012","peptideId":"779c2af5-3a80-4717-b50e-ee2c4c9669b0","jurisdiction":"European Union — EMA","status":"not_approved","approvedIndication":null,"rationale":"No centrally authorized EMA medicine containing pemvidutide was identified in the EMA medicines database as of 2026-09-23. Pemvidutide remains investigational with no completed EU marketing review. Absence of a record in this search is not proof that no authorization exists via another regulatory pathway (e.g. national member-state authorization outside the centralized procedure). Status remains jurisdiction-, product-, and date-specific.","sourceTitle":"European Medicines Agency medicines database","sourceUrl":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines","dateChecked":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewDueAt":"2026-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","enteredById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","publicationStatus":"published","factualObservationId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:42:18.950Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:34.166Z"}]},{"id":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","slug":"pramlintide","commonName":"Pramlintide","alternativeNames":[],"category":"Amylin analog","mechanismSummary":"Pramlintide is an amylin analog investigated in metabolic care. Evidence about this specific compound must be separated from evidence about newer long-acting amylin analogs and combinations.","evidenceQualitySummary":"WPF’s atlas includes reviews of amylin receptor strategies and metabolic outcomes, but many entries discuss the broader drug class rather than direct pramlintide trials. The screening inventory is a map of questions, not a source-linked conclusion for each use.","safetyConcernsSummary":"No published source-linked citations or jurisdiction-specific regulatory records are attached to this Directory entry. Class-level reviews and results from other analogs cannot substitute for direct evidence about pramlintide, its studied population, and its safety.","archiveSummaryNote":"WPF's separate observational archive may include contributor reports concerning pramlintide. As with every entry in that archive, these de-identified reports can suggest questions but cannot establish causation, efficacy, comparative safety, or event frequency, and should not be conflated with reports about newer long-acting amylin analogs or combination products.","openQuestionsText":"Which controlled studies directly test pramlintide and with what background treatment? Which benefits and harms apply to specific populations? How do results differ from those of newer amylin analogs?","active":true,"createdAt":"2026-08-27T06:13:56.687Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.262Z","entityClass":"peptide_analog","entityClassSource":"inferred","entityClassReviewed":false,"entityClassReviewedBy":null,"entityClassReviewedAt":null,"registryStatus":"canonical","registryTier":"flagship","acquisitionEnabled":true,"publicationState":"published","editorialState":"published","chemistry":{"id":"0743ba16-0588-4f81-ba6a-d966af998bee","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","molecularFormula":"C171H267N51O53S2","molecularWeight":3949,"aminoAcidSequence":null,"smiles":"CCC(C)C(C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)N1CCCC1C(=O)N2CCCC2C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NC(CC(=O)N)C(=O)NC(C(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CC(=O)N)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NC(CC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)C(=O)N)NC(=O)C4CCCN4C(=O)CNC(=O)C(CC5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(CC6=CNC=N6)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC7=CC=CC=C7)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)C(CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C8CSSCC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)N8)C(C)O)C)C(C)O)CC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(CCCCN)N","inchi":"InChI=1S/C171H267N51O53S2/c1-21-81(12)130(163(268)207-110(56-78(6)7)169(274)222-53-33-42-118(222)170(275)221-52-32-41-117(221)160(265)219-135(89(20)230)167(272)206-109(66-125(180)238)151(256)212-128(79(8)9)161(266)186-68-126(239)192-111(70-223)154(259)203-107(64-123(178)236)152(257)218-134(88(19)229)166(271)195-98(136(181)241)57-92-43-45-94(231)46-44-92)214-159(264)116-40-31-51-220(116)127(240)69-187-141(246)101(58-90-34-24-22-25-35-90)199-148(253)105(62-121(176)234)201-149(254)106(63-122(177)235)202-155(260)112(71-224)209-156(261)113(72-225)208-146(251)103(60-93-67-184-75-188-93)205-162(267)129(80(10)11)213-150(255)100(55-77(4)5)198-145(250)102(59-91-36-26-23-27-37-91)200-147(252)104(61-120(175)233)196-137(242)82(13)189-144(249)99(54-76(2)3)197-142(247)96(39-30-50-185-171(182)183)193-143(248)97(47-48-119(174)232)194-165(270)132(86(17)227)215-138(243)83(14)190-157(262)114-73-276-277-74-115(210-140(245)95(173)38-28-29-49-172)158(263)204-108(65-124(179)237)153(258)217-131(85(16)226)164(269)191-84(15)139(244)216-133(87(18)228)168(273)211-114/h22-27,34-37,43-46,67,75-89,95-118,128-135,223-231H,21,28-33,38-42,47-66,68-74,172-173H2,1-20H3,(H2,174,232)(H2,175,233)(H2,176,234)(H2,177,235)(H2,178,236)(H2,179,237)(H2,180,238)(H2,181,241)(H,184,188)(H,186,266)(H,187,246)(H,189,249)(H,190,262)(H,191,269)(H,192,239)(H,193,248)(H,194,270)(H,195,271)(H,196,242)(H,197,247)(H,198,250)(H,199,253)(H,200,252)(H,201,254)(H,202,260)(H,203,259)(H,204,263)(H,205,267)(H,206,272)(H,207,268)(H,208,251)(H,209,261)(H,210,245)(H,211,273)(H,212,256)(H,213,255)(H,214,264)(H,215,243)(H,216,244)(H,217,258)(H,218,257)(H,219,265)(H4,182,183,185)/t81-,82-,83-,84-,85+,86+,87+,88+,89+,95-,96-,97-,98-,99-,100-,101-,102-,103-,104-,105-,106-,107-,108-,109-,110-,111-,112-,113-,114-,115-,116-,117-,118-,128-,129-,130-,131-,132-,133-,134-,135-/m0/s1","inchikey":"TZIRZGBAFTZREM-MKAGXXMWSA-N","structureImageUrl":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/70691388/PNG","createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:36:54.251Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T02:36:54.251Z"},"citations":[{"id":"ac9fb4f7-d741-44f9-8dbe-47f66dcab40f","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"A Pilot Outpatient Assessment of a Fully Closed-Loop Insulin and Pramlintide System.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41174925/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Pilot evaluation of a combined insulin-pramlintide system; no claim about pramlintide alone.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1177/19322968251371046","pubmedId":"41174925","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Upgraded from an entered/unverified draft to a content-verified citation. Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This publication addresses Pramlintide in the specific setting identified in its title.","supportNature":"Screened source-level context; specific outcomes and evidence tier await appraisal.","qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/19322968251371046","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:13:12.917Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"962c2dad-f1a3-45b2-826c-ada4507ef851","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Therapies for diabetes: pramlintide and exenatide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17619527/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Therapies for diabetes: pramlintide and exenatide.\" Abstract excerpt: The American Diabetes Association currently recommends an A1C goal of less than 7 percent. However, many patients are unable to achieve this goal by using oral drug combinations or diet and exercise, leaving insulin as the only treatment option. In most cases, insulin is initiated later in therapy because of its inconvenience and adverse effects (e.g., weight gain, hypoglycemia, possible role in a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"17619527","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:17619527","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:20.911Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"8f5f2750-833a-494e-b9f0-104e877b3c4c","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide: A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Osteosarcoma through Metabolic Reprogramming.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36077845/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide: A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Osteosarcoma through Metabolic Reprogramming.\" Abstract excerpt: Despite aggressive combination chemotherapy and surgery, outcomes for patients with osteosarcoma have remained stagnant for more than 25 years, and numerous clinical trials have identified no new therapies. p53 deletion or mutation is found in more than 80% of osteosarcoma tumors. In p53-deficient cancers with structurally altered p63 and p73, interfering with tumor cell metabolism using Pramlinti","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.3390/cancers14174310","pubmedId":"36077845","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=391, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/cancers14174310","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:18.810Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"d54a9078-0a54-48f5-bee2-b0ab82081538","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide but Not Liraglutide Suppresses Meal-Stimulated Glucagon Responses in Type 1 Diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29211871/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide but Not Liraglutide Suppresses Meal-Stimulated Glucagon Responses in Type 1 Diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Postprandial hyperglycemia remains a challenge in type 1 diabetes (T1D) due, in part, to dysregulated increases in plasma glucagon levels after meals. This study was undertaken to examine whether 3 to 4 weeks of therapy with pramlintide or liraglutide might help to blunt postprandial hyperglycemia in T1D by suppressing plasma glucagon responses to mixed-meal feedings. Two parallel studies were con","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2017-02265","pubmedId":"29211871","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=225, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/jc.2017-02265","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:18.881Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"1116a13e-7c86-46a2-a17c-9f4d2dc893ae","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Efficacy and safety of pramlintide injection adjunct to insulin therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29029531/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Efficacy and safety of pramlintide injection adjunct to insulin therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.\" Abstract excerpt: We aim to assess the efficacy and safety of pramlintide plus insulin therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes. We included clinical studies comparing pramlintide plus insulin to placebo plus insulin. Efficacy was reflected by glycemic control and reduction in body weight and insulin use. Safety concerns were hypoglycemia and other adverse events. Subgroup analysis was performed for different doses","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.18632/oncotarget.16008","pubmedId":"29029531","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=44, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.18632/oncotarget.16008","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:24.713Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"90816db1-19dc-4527-b6d7-8a431941d60c","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide in the treatment of diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17109671/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide in the treatment of diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Diabetes treatment has traditionally focused on correcting insulin deficiency with exogenous insulin and oral agents designed to enhance insulin secretion or insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. The more recent view of diabetes as a disease that affects multiple hormones in addition to insulin has led to the development of new therapies more broadly aimed at restoring glucose homeostasis by ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.01187.x","pubmedId":"17109671","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.01187.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:19.236Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"23edb57f-39b0-4277-abc1-def4415fefd6","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Amyloidogenesis of the amylin analogue pramlintide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27665170/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Amyloidogenesis of the amylin analogue pramlintide.\" Abstract excerpt: Amylin is a pancreatic peptide hormone co-secreted along with insulin by the &#x3b2;-cells. It is found in amyloid deposits in both type 2 diabetic individuals and elder non-diabetic. The triple proline amylinomimetic compound (25,28,29-Pro-human amylin) named pramlintide was designed aiming to solve the solubility and amyloid characteristics of human amylin. We have found by using ion mobility sp","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1016/j.bpc.2016.09.007","pubmedId":"27665170","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.bpc.2016.09.007","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:22.581Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"dff207ef-b4e4-4065-a923-86b7380c4065","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"USAN Council. List No. 419. New names. Pramlintide acetate.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10576958/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"USAN Council. List No. 419. New names. Pramlintide acetate.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1999,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"10576958","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:10576958","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:22.656Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"04bde986-e867-48db-8078-eff7626efc0b","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide in the management of insulin-using patients with type 2 and type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17326327/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide in the management of insulin-using patients with type 2 and type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: In patients with diabetes, dysregulation of multiple glucoregulatory hormones results in chronic hyperglycemia and an array of associated microvascular and macrovascular complications. Optimization of glycemic control, both overall (glycosylated hemoglobin [A1C]) and in the postprandial period, may reduce the risk of long-term vascular complications. However, despite significant recent therapeutic","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.2147/vhrm.2006.2.3.203","pubmedId":"17326327","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2147/vhrm.2006.2.3.203","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:19.313Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"a0019bfa-a501-49f8-95eb-4f60c87b117e","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide in pediatric type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19732574/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide in pediatric type 1 diabetes.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.04.065","pubmedId":"19732574","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.04.065","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:19.389Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"5f8c8f5a-4b15-4e58-9438-a90fe1e23686","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide (symlin) for diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15912124/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide (symlin) for diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: An injected analog of human amylin used as an adjunct to insulin.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"15912124","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:15912124","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:19.464Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"537e82e8-7a04-45a9-b971-5918e8941a67","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide treatment reduces 24-h caloric intake and meal sizes and improves control of eating in obese subjects: a 6-wk translational research study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17505051/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide treatment reduces 24-h caloric intake and meal sizes and improves control of eating in obese subjects: a 6-wk translational research study.\" Abstract excerpt: Evidence from rodent studies indicates that the beta-cell-derived neurohormone amylin exerts multiple effects on eating behavior, including reductions in meal size, intake of highly palatable foods, and stress-induced sucrose consumption. To assess the effect of amylin agonism on human eating behavior we conducted a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled, multicenter study investigating the effec","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00217.2007","pubmedId":"17505051","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00217.2007","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:19.160Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"e86a2fb3-1a82-4379-8a62-d3be2a67ea21","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide: an agent for glycemic control plus weight control?","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12017422/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide: an agent for glycemic control plus weight control?\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1089/15209150252924102","pubmedId":"12017422","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1089/15209150252924102","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:19.541Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"7741b78f-9b9d-431d-8c09-5ce08acd32c0","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide: profile of an amylin analog.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30754127/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide: profile of an amylin analog.\" Abstract excerpt: Amylin is a naturally occurring hormone that regulates food intake and postprandial glucose excursions. Amylin is synthesized in the &#x3b2; cell and cosecreted with insulin. Type 1 diabetes and insulin-requiring Type 2 diabetes are amylin-deficient as well as insulin-deficient states. Pramlintide is a synthetic amylin analog that is used for replacement therapy. Pramlintide therapy slows diabetes","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1586/eem.12.50","pubmedId":"30754127","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=287, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1586/eem.12.50","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:20.855Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"7ce027b0-78b4-4f11-8fb2-078461a6fd81","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31644254/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide is a recombinant DNA produced polypeptide analogue of human amylin that is used in combination with insulin in the therapy of diabetes. Pramlintide has not been associated with serum enzyme elevations during therapy or with instances of clinically apparent liver injury.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"31644254","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: reference/monograph-type record (PubMed book/reference-work entry) -- real and traceable, not primary research. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"other","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:31644254","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:21.380Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"9eab67e1-060b-439a-a981-b3a00b9db13a","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Exenatide and pramlintide: new therapies for diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17109659/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Exenatide and pramlintide: new therapies for diabetes.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.01219.x","pubmedId":"17109659","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.01219.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:20.300Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"40fe8136-3cdc-4b38-b1cd-e51c9c2fcc50","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Glycosylation of pramlintide: synthetic glycopeptides that display in vitro and in vivo activities as amylin receptor agonists.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24123422/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Glycosylation of pramlintide: synthetic glycopeptides that display in vitro and in vivo activities as amylin receptor agonists.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1002/chem.201303303","pubmedId":"24123422","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/chem.201303303","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:20.376Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"d39e96e8-ea13-4a8d-8955-36370a8ca62a","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide: FDA wants more.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11710342/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide: FDA wants more.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2001,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"11710342","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:11710342","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:19.618Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"6e221916-69b9-4a6a-9337-a04c3eded64d","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide. AC 137, ACO 137, Normylin, Symlin, Tripro-amylin.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10820656/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide. AC 137, ACO 137, Normylin, Symlin, Tripro-amylin.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1999,"doi":"10.2165/00126839-199902020-00010","pubmedId":"10820656","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2165/00126839-199902020-00010","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:19.692Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"7319745e-dd70-43df-ac93-07e1a11fad13","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Is pramlintide a safe and effective adjunct therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes?","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17452962/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Is pramlintide a safe and effective adjunct therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes?\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1038/ncpendmet0506","pubmedId":"17452962","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/ncpendmet0506","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:19.768Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"7b00d92b-699e-429b-b843-05c595035d3c","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Is pramlintide an adjunct to insulin therapy?","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12079622/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Is pramlintide an adjunct to insulin therapy?\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1089/15209150260007408","pubmedId":"12079622","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1089/15209150260007408","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:19.846Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"ec725093-9caf-4f89-b390-f59c16780361","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Amylin's pramlintide best of bad bunch of diabetes drugs.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9335036/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Amylin's pramlintide best of bad bunch of diabetes drugs.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.1038/nbt1097-935","pubmedId":"9335036","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/nbt1097-935","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:19.920Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"3742d007-923e-4af3-9a0c-e3df738f2104","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide improved measures of glycemic control and body weight in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus undergoing continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23748514/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide improved measures of glycemic control and body weight in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus undergoing continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy.\" Abstract excerpt: To assess the safety and efficacy of the addition of pramlintide to continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We conducted a post hoc analysis of 2 studies: a 29-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (referred to as RCT) (pramlintide, n = 82; placebo, n = 73) and an open-ended, multicenter, open-label, ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.3810/pgm.2013.05.2635","pubmedId":"23748514","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=53, totalMentions=12). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3810/pgm.2013.05.2635","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:18.954Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"9cb39b14-944f-436e-8e65-eb7cfc9343ec","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide lowered glucose excursions and was well-tolerated in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: results from a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19464026/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide lowered glucose excursions and was well-tolerated in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: results from a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.\" Abstract excerpt: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and tolerability of pramlintide in treating adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Twelve subjects (9 females, 3 males, age 12 to 17 years; A1C, 8.4%; body mass index, 25 kg/m(2)) were randomized to pramlintide (15 or 30 microg) or placebo administered before a standardized breakfast. Insulin lispro (50% of usual mealtime dose) was injected se","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.03.012","pubmedId":"19464026","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=80, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.03.012","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:19.025Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"1808a980-7ce7-4a8a-a3d2-480ee2ae81ff","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide reduced markers of oxidative stress in the postprandial period in patients with type 2 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17694505/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide reduced markers of oxidative stress in the postprandial period in patients with type 2 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: The production of oxidative stress as a result of postprandial hyperglycaemia is now recognized as an important contributing factor in the development of diabetes complications. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of pramlintide on plasma concentrations of glucose and several markers of oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes following a standardized meal. This was a r","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1002/dmrr.765","pubmedId":"17694505","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=236, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/dmrr.765","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:19.140Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"c6e9c26c-7ddf-46a2-8d21-cb656b793588","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide reduces the risks associated with glucose variability in type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18715216/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide reduces the risks associated with glucose variability in type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: This study was designed to determine whether pramlintide added to insulin therapy reduced the risks associated with extreme blood glucose (BG) fluctuations in patients with type 1 diabetes. Self-monitored BG (SMBG) records were retrospectively analyzed from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effects of pramlintide on intensively treated patients with type 1 diabetes. Two g","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1089/dia.2007.0295","pubmedId":"18715216","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=45, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1089/dia.2007.0295","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:19.213Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"6327b606-b33d-42af-b21f-83114f83d576","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes in a clinical practice setting reduced A1C, postprandial glucose excursions, and weight.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17425446/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes in a clinical practice setting reduced A1C, postprandial glucose excursions, and weight.\" Abstract excerpt: This study was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of pramlintide therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes in a clinical practice setting. In this open-label study, 166 insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes added pramlintide therapy (120 microg) during an initiation period in which mealtime insulin was reduced by 30-50%. Insulin doses were subsequently adjusted to optimize glycemic ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1089/dia.2006.0013","pubmedId":"17425446","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=61, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1089/dia.2006.0013","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:19.332Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"9ea97312-ba9f-4d94-ad1f-42d4ebab3b0d","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide improved glycemic control and reduced weight in patients with type 2 diabetes using basal insulin.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17698615/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide improved glycemic control and reduced weight in patients with type 2 diabetes using basal insulin.\" Abstract excerpt: To assess the efficacy and safety of pramlintide in patients with type 2 diabetes suboptimally controlled with basal insulin. In a 16-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 212 patients using insulin glargine with or without oral antidiabetes agents (OAs) were randomized to addition of pramlintide (60 or 120 microg b.i.d./t.i.d.) or placebo. Insulin glargine was adjusted to target a fasting","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.2337/dc07-0589","pubmedId":"17698615","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=37, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/dc07-0589","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:19.405Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"cff61d43-724d-4b09-8848-b277f6187d31","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide in the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16330288/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide in the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.\" Abstract excerpt: Amylin is a 37-amino acid peptide neurohormone that is cosecreted with insulin from the pancreatic beta cells in response to meals. It lowers serum glucose by decreasing glucagon release, slowing gastric emptying, and decreasing food intake. Pramlintide, a synthetic amylin analogue, is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use with mealtime insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes an","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1016/j.clinthera.2005.10.009","pubmedId":"16330288","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=242, totalMentions=12). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2005.10.009","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:19.477Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"623e158e-b26d-4887-b11d-d53db9bb5951","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide acetate.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16278328/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide acetate.\" Abstract excerpt: The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and dosage and administration of pramlintide are reviewed. Pramlintide, a synthetic analogue of the human hormone amylin, is the first of a new class of amylinomimetic compounds. It was approved in March 2005 as a subcutaneous injection for the adjunctive treatment of patients who have type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus and have fa","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.2146/ajhp050341","pubmedId":"16278328","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=105, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2146/ajhp050341","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:19.550Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"a99d1d1e-ab38-43dc-af6d-a6837fe677b9","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide reduces postprandial glucose excursions when added to insulin lispro in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a dose-timing study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14737746/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide reduces postprandial glucose excursions when added to insulin lispro in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a dose-timing study.\" Abstract excerpt: To assess the postprandial glucose-lowering effect of the human amylin analog pramlintide when given with insulin lispro in subjects with type 2 diabetes, with an emphasis on the optimal dose timing relative to meals. In this randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, five-way crossover study, 19 subjects with type 2 diabetes using insulin lispro underwent five consecutive mixed-meal tests. In ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1002/dmrr.419","pubmedId":"14737746","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=78, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/dmrr.419","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:19.662Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"c31dcfa2-f25a-4fc1-b5cb-9e6516ec60dc","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12841822/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.\" Abstract excerpt: To provide an overview of the role of amylin, as well as that of pramlintide, a synthetic analog of amylin, in maintaining glucose homeostasis; and discuss the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, adverse effects, and role of pramlintide in the control of postprandial hyperglycemia. The data presented in this review were obtained from published literature, abstracts presented at scientific me","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1345/aph.1c387","pubmedId":"12841822","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=65, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1345/aph.1c387","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:19.737Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"d42aadf5-0245-4a21-b5bb-fd405b38442e","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide: (AC 137, AC 0137, Symlin, Tripro-Amylin).","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12534323/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide: (AC 137, AC 0137, Symlin, Tripro-Amylin).\" Abstract excerpt: Adis CommentsPramlintide [AC 0137, AC 137, tripro-amylin, Symlin] is a synthetic human amylin analogue with proline substitutions at positions 25, 28 and 29, which limits the self-aggregation seen with native amylin. Pramlintide improves glycaemic control, and appears to reduce postprandial blood glucose peaks and flatten the glucose peaks and troughs observed in diabetic patients. The reduction o","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.2165/00063030-200317010-00008","pubmedId":"12534323","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=13, totalMentions=18). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2165/00063030-200317010-00008","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:19.854Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"3f275c32-8c6f-4b72-bdeb-8a9ddbd87a6f","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide reduces postprandial glucose excursions when added to regular insulin or insulin lispro in subjects with type 1 diabetes: a dose-timing study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14578242/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide reduces postprandial glucose excursions when added to regular insulin or insulin lispro in subjects with type 1 diabetes: a dose-timing study.\" Abstract excerpt: To assess the postprandial glucose-lowering effect of the human amylin analog pramlintide when given with either regular insulin or insulin lispro in subjects with type 1 diabetes, with an emphasis on the optimal dose timing relative to meals. In this randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, five-way crossover study, 19 subjects with type 1 diabetes using regular insulin and 21 subjects with ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.2337/diacare.26.11.3074","pubmedId":"14578242","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=78, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/diacare.26.11.3074","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:19.924Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"bdd07c47-3a29-481a-bc5e-350c903bfe32","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy improves long-term glycemic and weight control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 1-year randomized controlled trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12610038/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy improves long-term glycemic and weight control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 1-year randomized controlled trial.\" Abstract excerpt: Mealtime amylin replacement with the human amylin analog pramlintide, as an adjunct to mealtime insulin replacement, reduces postprandial glucose excursions in patients with type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of pramlintide in this patient population. In a 52-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter study, 656 pa","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.2337/diacare.26.3.784","pubmedId":"12610038","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=57, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/diacare.26.3.784","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:19.997Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"16922698-8731-4038-b51e-159a95f1ce00","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide, an amylin analog, selectively delays gastric emptying: potential role of vagal inhibition.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10859225/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide, an amylin analog, selectively delays gastric emptying: potential role of vagal inhibition.\" Abstract excerpt: The amylin analog pramlintide delays gastric emptying in type I diabetics. The effects of multiple doses of pramlintide and the mechanism of action in non-amylin-deficient humans are unknown. We investigated the effects of pramlintide on gastrointestinal and colonic transit and on the plasma pancreatic polypeptide response to the meal in a parallel-group dose-response study with subjects randomize","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1152/ajpgi.2000.278.6.g946","pubmedId":"10859225","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=18, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1152/ajpgi.2000.278.6.g946","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:20.070Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"d03243ce-fb5c-4f37-91e3-d4f20f449c99","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide, a synthetic analog of human amylin, improves the metabolic profile of patients with type 2 diabetes using insulin. The Pramlintide in Type 2 Diabetes Group.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9614619/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide, a synthetic analog of human amylin, improves the metabolic profile of patients with type 2 diabetes using insulin. The Pramlintide in Type 2 Diabetes Group.\" Abstract excerpt: To examine the effects of 4 weeks of subcutaneous administration of pramlintide, a synthetic analog of human amylin, on metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes using insulin. Serum fructosamine, HbA1c, and fasting plasma lipids were measured in 203 patients in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel-group multicenter trial using doses of 30 micrograms q.i.d., 60 micrograms","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1998,"doi":"10.2337/diacare.21.6.987","pubmedId":"9614619","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=68, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/diacare.21.6.987","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:20.189Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"0537c498-8d33-492f-8401-7ce79e69e1d0","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide: a human amylin analogue reduced postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9223392/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide: a human amylin analogue reduced postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: In order to determine the influence of a 5 h infusion of pramlintide compared to placebo on postprandial glucose, lactate, insulin, and C-peptide concentrations in patients with Type 2 diabetes, a single-blind, randomized, cross-over study was conducted in 24 patients; 12 treated with exogenous insulin and 12 managed with diet and/or oral hypoglycaemic agents. One hour after initiation of infusion","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.1002/(sici)1096-9136(199707)14:7<547::aid-dia390>3.0.co;2-u","pubmedId":"9223392","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=57, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9136(199707)14:7<547::aid-dia390>3.0.co;2-u","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:20.260Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"6035055c-ce52-4a2e-b155-770b3df127c8","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide an Adjunct to Insulin Therapy: Challenges and Recent Progress in Delivery.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37863489/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide an Adjunct to Insulin Therapy: Challenges and Recent Progress in Delivery.\" Abstract excerpt: Dysregulation of various glucoregulatory hormones lead to failure of insulin monotherapy in patients with diabetes mellitus due to various reasons, including severe hypoglycemia, glycemic hypervariability, and an increased risk of microvascular complications. However, pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy enhances glucagon suppression and thereby offers improved glycemic control. Clinical s","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1124/jpet.123.001679","pubmedId":"37863489","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=269, totalMentions=11). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1124/jpet.123.001679","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:20.334Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"bf091327-810b-4b9a-b9ff-29a7af4725ec","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide: An Amylin Analogue Protects Endothelial Cells against Oxidative Stress through Regulating Oxidative Markers and NF-κb Expression.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35392304/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide: An Amylin Analogue Protects Endothelial Cells against Oxidative Stress through Regulating Oxidative Markers and NF-κb Expression.\" Abstract excerpt: Oxidative stress has a prominent role in the pathogenesis of diabetes complications. Pramlintide is an injectional amylin analogue used for the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. The present investigation evaluated the effect of pramlintide against oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Cell viability was assessed","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_425_20","pubmedId":"35392304","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=85, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_425_20","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:20.404Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"59262f71-d66d-441c-8eb5-3e6e236702cc","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and apoptosis through mitochondrial-dependent pathways in human nucleus pulposus cells.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29256292/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and apoptosis through mitochondrial-dependent pathways in human nucleus pulposus cells.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide, an approved analog of amylin, is responsible for regulating the physiology of energy homeostasis. The goals of this study were to investigate the roles of pramlintide in the regulation of cell survival and matrix metabolism, and further explore their underlying mechanisms, in human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. NP cells were treated with different concentrations of pramlintide in normo","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1177/0394632017747500","pubmedId":"29256292","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/0394632017747500","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:20.476Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"b28658ec-612a-4cea-a2ed-15c09fd57175","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide, an antidiabetic, is antineoplastic in colorectal cancer and synergizes with conventional chemotherapy.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29551915/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide, an antidiabetic, is antineoplastic in colorectal cancer and synergizes with conventional chemotherapy.\" Abstract excerpt: Approximately 90% of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer fail therapy mainly due to resistance. Taking advantage of currently approved agents for treatment of disease conditions other than cancer for the identification of new adjuvant anticancer therapies is highly encouraged. Pramlintide is a parenteral antidiabetic agent that is currently approved for treatment of types 1 and 2 diabetes m","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.2147/cpaa.s153780","pubmedId":"29551915","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=285, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2147/cpaa.s153780","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:20.548Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"7a42d095-cca5-46ef-8e62-39f4e1688d21","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide: The Effects of a Single Drug Injection on Blood Phosphatidylcholine Profile for Alzheimer's Disease.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29480193/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide: The Effects of a Single Drug Injection on Blood Phosphatidylcholine Profile for Alzheimer's Disease.\" Abstract excerpt: Studies suggest that a single injection of pramlintide, an amylin analog, induces changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers in the blood of AD mouse models and AD patients. The aim of this study was to examine whether a pramlintide challenge combined with a phosphatidylcholine (PC) profile diagnoses of AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) better than PC alone. Non-diabetic subjects with cog","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.3233/jad-170948","pubmedId":"29480193","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=43, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3233/jad-170948","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:20.713Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"c5586dce-6d69-4b5a-9bc9-5a9a6c02c154","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide Antagonizes Beta Amyloid (Aβ)- and Human Amylin-Induced Depression of Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26768593/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide Antagonizes Beta Amyloid (Aβ)- and Human Amylin-Induced Depression of Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation.\" Abstract excerpt: Accumulation of amyloid-&#x3b2; peptide (A&#x3b2;) is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have previously demonstrated that electrophysiological and neurotoxic effects of A&#x3b2; and human amylin are expressed via the amylin receptor. Recently, pramlintide, a synthetic analog of amylin, has been reported to improve cognitive function in transgenic AD mouse models. In this stud","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1007/s12035-016-9684-x","pubmedId":"26768593","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=266, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s12035-016-9684-x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:20.785Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"a8fcae06-a669-44c3-a74c-40c2a2cde694","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide and the treatment of diabetes: a review of the data since its introduction.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21564002/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide and the treatment of diabetes: a review of the data since its introduction.\" Abstract excerpt: Postprandial glucose excursions negatively affect glycemic control and markers of cardiovascular health. Pramlintide, an amylinomimetic, is approved for treatment of elevated postprandial glucose levels in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. A literature search of PubMed was conducted to locate articles (up to January 2011) pertaining to original preclinical and clinical research and reviews of a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1517/14656566.2011.581663","pubmedId":"21564002","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=105, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1517/14656566.2011.581663","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:20.931Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"bed0f715-4f6e-480b-a445-edbd6a77ed7e","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18998755/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide, the first member of a new class of drugs for the treatment of insulin-using patients with type 2 or type 1 diabetes mellitus, is an analog of the peptide hormone amylin. Amylin is co-secreted with insulin from pancreatic beta cells and acts centrally to slow gastric emptying, suppress postprandial glucagon secretion, and decrease food intake. These actions complement those of insulin ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.2165/0063030-200822060-00004","pubmedId":"18998755","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2165/0063030-200822060-00004","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:21.004Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"0c0fb8aa-019c-442a-8ae5-ca311a2b602d","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide for the treatment of insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus: rationale and review of clinical data.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15212559/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide for the treatment of insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus: rationale and review of clinical data.\" Abstract excerpt: Despite a number of incremental, beneficial improvements in diabetes mellitus therapy over the past few decades, the fundamental challenge of replicating the physiological entry into, and uptake of glucose from, the circulation remains unresolved. Pramlintide is an analogue of the beta-cell hormone amylin that simulates its important glucoregulatory actions. In humans, pramlintide slows gastric em","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.2165/00003495-200464130-00003","pubmedId":"15212559","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=248, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2165/00003495-200464130-00003","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:21.077Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"e1b76a9d-4a12-4bc3-8d13-efd44d7ba33c","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide (Amylin).","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11763160/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide (Amylin).\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide is a human amylin analog, under development by Amylin (originally in collaboration with Johnson & Johnson), as an adjunct with insulin for the potential prevention of complications of type I diabetes, and as a single agent for type II diabetes [279804], [295121], [305454]. In December 2000, Amylin submitted a US NDA seeking approval to market pramlintide as an adjunctive therapy for ty","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2001,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"11763160","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:11763160","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:21.237Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"09b08ed5-c1ad-4c52-8295-ed9907e05782","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide injection drug product robustness studies.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14727841/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide injection drug product robustness studies.\" Abstract excerpt: The article examines the effects of temperature excursions and actual dose withdrawal on the quality of pramlintide injection, a multidose liquid parenteral formulation. Studies were designed to demonstrate product robustness under conditions that may occur during patient use. Pramlintide %Purity was determined by two high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods, a reversed-phase (RP-HPLC","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1208/pt010208","pubmedId":"14727841","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=104, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1208/pt010208","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:21.308Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"6054eece-e785-41f8-85a8-061a05c3fa39","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide, the synthetic analogue of amylin: physiology, pathophysiology, and effects on glycemic control, body weight, and selected biomarkers of vascular risk.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18561511/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide, the synthetic analogue of amylin: physiology, pathophysiology, and effects on glycemic control, body weight, and selected biomarkers of vascular risk.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide is a synthetic version of the naturally occurring pancreatic peptide called amylin. Amylin and pramlintide have similar effects on lowering postprandial glucose, lowering postprandial glucagon and delaying gastric emptying. Pramlintide use in type 1 and insulin requiring type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with modest reductions in HbAlc often accompanied by weight loss. Limite","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.2147/vhrm.s1978","pubmedId":"18561511","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2147/vhrm.s1978","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:21.453Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"a972db37-8070-479c-a903-c3c860c55d37","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide acetate injection for the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17617279/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide acetate injection for the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.\" Abstract excerpt: Amylin is a hormone cosecreted with insulin by the beta cells of the pancreas. It suppresses postprandial glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying. Pramlintide acetate is an amylin analogue that was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in March 2005. This article reviews the current primary literature on the clinical efficacy and tolerability of pramlintide injection in the treatme","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.04.005","pubmedId":"17617279","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=153, totalMentions=11). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.04.005","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:21.525Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"bfcedec7-6055-4eb4-aadd-16c14a293dea","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide: A new tool in diabetes management.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17076994/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide: A new tool in diabetes management.\" Abstract excerpt: The amylin analogue pramlintide acts in concert with insulin to regulate glucose metabolism. It reduces postprandial hyperglycemia by suppressing postprandial glucagon secretion, regulating gastric emptying, and reducing food intake. In clinical use, pramlintide reduces postprandial glycemic excursions and improves A(1c) without the weight gain and increased risk of hypoglycemia typically seen wit","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1007/s11892-006-0004-0","pubmedId":"17076994","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=20, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s11892-006-0004-0","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:21.600Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"3eae8b8f-9c23-42f6-8321-0447e4eba22e","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30000033/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide has a high molecular weight, so it is unlikely to pass into breastmilk in clinically important amounts. It also has a short half-life, and it is a peptide that is likely digested in the infant's gastrointestinal tract, so it is unlikely to reach the clinically important levels in infant serum. However, because no information is available on the use of pramlintide during breastfeeding a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"30000033","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: reference/monograph-type record (PubMed book/reference-work entry) -- real and traceable, not primary research. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"other","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:30000033","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:21.767Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"3c21bc1e-9b19-4ddd-b822-ef3e46c08ebd","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pramlintide for post-bariatric hypoglycaemia.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35137513/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pramlintide for post-bariatric hypoglycaemia.\" Abstract excerpt: The aim of this study was to examine the hypothesis that pramlintide would reduce hypoglycaemia by slowing gastric emptying and reducing postprandial glucagon secretion, thus limiting postprandial glycaemic excursions and insulin secretion, and thus to determine the efficacy of pramlintide on frequency and severity of hypoglycaemia in post-bariatric hypoglycaemia (PBH). Participants with PBH follo","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1111/dom.14665","pubmedId":"35137513","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=57, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/dom.14665","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:21.840Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"f6dbb68c-09d2-4b5e-b67f-92387f5faaa7","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Use of Pramlintide: The Patient's Perspective","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0145721706288249","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Use of Pramlintide: The Patient's Perspective\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide is the first new antihyperglycemic agent approved for both type 2 and type 1 diabetes since insulin was developed in the 1920s. It is a synthetic analogue of human amylin, a naturally occurring neuroendocrine hormone synthesized by pancreatic beta cells. Pramlintide helps regulate the rate of glucose appearance and improves glucose control postprandially. This action is accomplished th","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1177/0145721706288249","pubmedId":"16751352","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/0145721706288249","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:21.912Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"609d13bf-2687-45bc-a179-9703df2059b2","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Central pramlintide administration potently suppresses operant responding for sucrose and locomotor activity in male rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41022243/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Central pramlintide administration potently suppresses operant responding for sucrose and locomotor activity in male rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Amylin is a feeding-suppressive hormone which acts centrally in the control of energy balance. Some evidence suggests it reduces motivation for food rewards. Pramlintide is a synthetic amylin analog that is used clinically in the treatment of diabetes, and it also reduces feeding and weight gain. However, the mechanisms behind these pramlintide-induced reductions in feeding are unclear. Here we te","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115114","pubmedId":"41022243","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=158, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115114","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:21.986Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"d2d0ed1f-ae83-4c77-a037-a509e5472aea","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Chronic pramlintide decreases feeding via a reduction in meal size in male rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38493922/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Chronic pramlintide decreases feeding via a reduction in meal size in male rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Amylin, a pancreatic hormone, is well-established to suppress feeding by enhancing satiation. Pramlintide, an amylin analog that is FDA-approved for the treatment of diabetes, has also been shown to produce hypophagia. However, the behavioral mechanisms underlying the ability of pramlintide to suppress feeding are unresolved. We hypothesized that systemic pramlintide administration in rats would r","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171197","pubmedId":"38493922","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=94, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171197","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:22.057Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"effcd2db-1898-4d23-8a75-7f07e0327250","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Low-dose pramlintide reduced food intake and meal duration in healthy, normal-weight subjects.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17495194/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Low-dose pramlintide reduced food intake and meal duration in healthy, normal-weight subjects.\" Abstract excerpt: We previously reported that a single preprandial injection (120 microg) of pramlintide, an analog of the beta-cell hormone amylin, reduced ad libitum food intake in obese subjects. To further characterize the meal-related effects of amylin signaling in humans, we studied a lower pramlintide dose (30 microg) in normal-weight subjects. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over st","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1038/oby.2007.626","pubmedId":"17495194","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=75, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/oby.2007.626","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:22.128Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"7433acb8-25fa-49c6-91fb-941b2467f573","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Zn(II) - pramlintide: Stability, binding sites and unexpected aggregation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28672144/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Zn(II) - pramlintide: Stability, binding sites and unexpected aggregation.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide is an antidiabetic drug which mimics amylin - a small peptide co-secreted from pancreatic &#x3b2;-cells together with insulin, one of the hallmarks of type 2 diabetes. In the course of the disease, amylin misfolds into small oligomers or to an aggregated &#x3b2;-sheet amyloid fiber. The misfolding mechanism is not yet quite understood, but it is clear that zinc ions play an important r","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.06.008","pubmedId":"28672144","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.06.008","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:22.201Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"d7864823-07f8-46fd-8b6f-d0464164f0db","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Effect of Pramlintide on Postprandial Glucose Fluxes in Type 1 Diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26930181/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Effect of Pramlintide on Postprandial Glucose Fluxes in Type 1 Diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Early postprandial hyperglycemia and delayed hypoglycemia remain major problems in current management of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Our objective was to investigate the effects of pramlintide, known to suppress glucagon and delay gastric emptying, on postprandial glucose fluxes in T1D. This was a single-center, inpatient, randomized, crossover study. Twelve patients with T1D who completed the study we","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2015-3952","pubmedId":"26930181","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=176, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/jc.2015-3952","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:22.272Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"dcd55c46-ede2-4b88-a3d1-55e4a7578c46","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Effect of pramlintide on weight in overweight and obese insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15090634/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Effect of pramlintide on weight in overweight and obese insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients.\" Abstract excerpt: Several randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes have shown that adjunctive therapy with pramlintide reduces hemoglobin (Hb)A1c with concomitant weight loss. This analysis further characterizes the weight-lowering effect of pramlintide in this patient population. This pooled post hoc analysis of two long-term trials included all patients ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1038/oby.2004.76","pubmedId":"15090634","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=149, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/oby.2004.76","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:22.705Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"e712d05f-405c-41dd-aa37-8ae0157f33d9","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Effect of pramlintide on prandial glycemic excursions during closed-loop control in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22815298/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Effect of pramlintide on prandial glycemic excursions during closed-loop control in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Even under closed-loop (CL) conditions, meal-related blood glucose (BG) excursions frequently exceed target levels as a result of delays in absorption of insulin from the subcutaneous site of infusion. We hypothesized that delaying gastric emptying with preprandial injections of pramlintide would improve postprandial glycemia by allowing a better match between carbohydrate and insulin absorptions.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.2337/dc12-0330","pubmedId":"22815298","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=280, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/dc12-0330","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:22.345Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"243bb242-58f7-4c49-9e61-ca5f456fc4f2","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Review of pramlintide as adjunctive therapy in treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19920907/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Review of pramlintide as adjunctive therapy in treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide (Symlin), a synthetic analog of a neurohormone amylin, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use along with premeal insulin in patients with type 1. In patients with type 2 diabetes, pramlintide is approved for addition to pre-meal insulin in those patients who are either only on pre-meal insulin or those receiving the combination of insulin and metformin and/or a sul","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.2147/dddt.s3225","pubmedId":"19920907","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2147/dddt.s3225","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:22.416Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"5b91a6af-25c9-4be6-93e7-ac85845b7faf","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Effect of pramlintide as an adjunct to basal insulin on markers of cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18031595/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Effect of pramlintide as an adjunct to basal insulin on markers of cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Intensification of insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes, while improving glycemic control, often leads to an increase in body weight and other markers of cardiovascular risk. The effects of pramlintide as an adjunct to basal insulin titration (without mealtime insulin) on glycemia and cardiovascular risk markers were examined. This was a post hoc analysis of a 16-week, double-blind, pl","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1185/030079908x253537","pubmedId":"18031595","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=202, totalMentions=12). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1185/030079908x253537","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:22.488Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"2a7b9110-6fa6-4246-ac2d-db0b6c1a29a4","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Effect of pramlintide on satiety and food intake in obese subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15843914/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Effect of pramlintide on satiety and food intake in obese subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Long-term trials in insulin-treated subjects with type 2 diabetes have shown that adjunctive treatment with the amylin analogue pramlintide reduces HbA(1)c levels and elicits weight loss. While amylin reduces food intake in rodents, pramlintide's effect on satiety and food intake in humans has not yet been assessed. In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, 11 insulin-t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1007/s00125-005-1732-4","pubmedId":"15843914","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=128, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00125-005-1732-4","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:22.561Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"2cf2c890-2299-44c9-b9d3-ef11c51376e7","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Effect of pramlintide on symptom, catecholamine, and glucagon responses to hypoglycemia in healthy subjects.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15334389/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Effect of pramlintide on symptom, catecholamine, and glucagon responses to hypoglycemia in healthy subjects.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide is an analog of the human glucoregulatory hormone amylin. Previous studies have shown no clear evidence that pramlintide modifies the response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia; however, a detailed assessment of responses at hypoglycemic thresholds has not been conducted. To further test the effect of pramlintide on symptom, catecholamine, and glucagon responses, a 3-step hypoglycemic cl","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1016/j.metabol.2004.04.010","pubmedId":"15334389","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2004.04.010","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:22.634Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"0813cc26-95b1-4e22-82a0-b8ecf34c2409","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Impact of pramlintide on glucose fluctuations and postprandial glucose, glucagon, and triglyceride excursions among patients with type 1 diabetes intensively treated with insulin pumps.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12502651/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Impact of pramlintide on glucose fluctuations and postprandial glucose, glucagon, and triglyceride excursions among patients with type 1 diabetes intensively treated with insulin pumps.\" Abstract excerpt: To assess the effects of adjunctive treatment with pramlintide, an analog of the beta-cell hormone amylin, on 24-h glucose fluctuations and postprandial glucose, glucagon, and triglyceride excursions in patients with type 1 diabetes intensively treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). In this study, 18 patients (16 of whom could be evaluated) with type 1 diabetes (age 44 +/- 1","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.2337/diacare.26.1.1","pubmedId":"12502651","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=51, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/diacare.26.1.1","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:22.777Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"88bda30b-34d1-407c-be06-24c3bdd10cce","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Safety of pramlintide added to mealtime insulin in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes: a large observational study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20518811/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Safety of pramlintide added to mealtime insulin in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes: a large observational study.\" Abstract excerpt: The objective of this Phase 4, open-label, multicentre, observational study was to fulfil food and drug administration (FDA) postapproval requirement to evaluate in healthcare practices the risk of insulin-induced severe hypoglycaemia following initiation of pramlintide therapy in N = 1297 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with inadequate glycaemic c","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1111/j.1463-1326.2010.01201.x","pubmedId":"20518811","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=259, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2010.01201.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:22.849Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"ba3b4a5f-9414-4b57-b3de-98b6b1139bdf","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Primer on pramlintide, an amylin analog.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21471470/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Primer on pramlintide, an amylin analog.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide is an injectable synthetic analog of human amylin. It is indicated for patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who are taking mealtime insulin but have been unable to achieve desired glucose targets. Pramlintide decreases postprandial glucose by lowering inappropriate postmeal glucagon secretion, slowing gastric emptying, and increasing satiety. As such, pramlintide targets several of ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1177/0145721711403011","pubmedId":"21471470","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/0145721711403011","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:22.920Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"1472212a-b526-45cb-af2a-f8a27191ae6d","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Effects of pramlintide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an analysis using daily insulin dose tertiles.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25100363/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Effects of pramlintide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an analysis using daily insulin dose tertiles.\" Abstract excerpt: The purpose of the analysis was to investigate if the efficacy and tolerability of 6 months of pramlintide therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) differed with increasing levels of concomitant insulin doses, using data from 3 previously described clinical trials. In this post hoc analysis, data from 2 pooled, placebo-controlled pivotal trials and 1 clinical practice trial were ev","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.4158/ep13477.or","pubmedId":"25100363","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=95, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.4158/ep13477.or","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:22.993Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"e87008c5-21c2-4d8d-b03c-b9e99fd58afd","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Effects of pramlintide on postprandial glucose excursions and measures of oxidative stress in patients with type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15735200/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Effects of pramlintide on postprandial glucose excursions and measures of oxidative stress in patients with type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Oxidative stress has been shown to be increased in the postprandial period in patients with diabetes and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of micro- and macrovascular complications. The aim of this post hoc analysis was to assess the effects of pramlintide, an amylin analog shown to reduce postprandial glucose excursions in patients with diabetes, on markers of oxidative stress in the postpr","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.2337/diacare.28.3.632","pubmedId":"15735200","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=251, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/diacare.28.3.632","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:23.065Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"b39d22dc-34ea-4f45-9a48-97eb55644f0e","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Effects of pramlintide, an amylin analogue, on gastric emptying in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11975712/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Effects of pramlintide, an amylin analogue, on gastric emptying in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide delays gastric emptying, possibly by a centrally mediated mechanism. Our aim was to determine whether the effects of pramlintide on gastric emptying differ in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who had no history of complications. Using a randomized, three-period, two-dose, crossover design, we studied the effects of 0, 30, or 60 microg t.i.d. pramlintide subcutaneously for 5 days e","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2982.2002.00311.x","pubmedId":"11975712","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1046/j.1365-2982.2002.00311.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:23.138Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"dab89e82-b61d-4f71-bd27-041868792c4c","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Effects of pramlintide, an analog of human amylin, on plasma glucose profiles in patients with IDDM: results of a multicenter trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9075803/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Effects of pramlintide, an analog of human amylin, on plasma glucose profiles in patients with IDDM: results of a multicenter trial.\" Abstract excerpt: The effects of subcutaneous administration of 10, 30, or 100 microg q.i.d. pramlintide, an analog of human amylin, on plasma glucose regulation in patients with IDDM were evaluated in a multicenter trial. The plasma glucose response to a Sustacal test meal was significantly reduced compared with placebo both after 1 week and after 2 weeks of administration of 30 or 100 microg pramlintide. In addit","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.2337/diab.46.4.632","pubmedId":"9075803","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=75, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/diab.46.4.632","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:23.209Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"413162e0-7d18-4295-bf6c-f9bc89639b65","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Intranasal pramlintide matches intraperitoneal effects on food intake and gastric emptying in mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40169506/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Intranasal pramlintide matches intraperitoneal effects on food intake and gastric emptying in mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide is an amylin analog developed as a complementary treatment for diabetes. However, it requires several subcutaneous injections, reducing patients' adherence. Since the intranasal route might be an alternative for drug administration, we evaluated whether intranasal pramlintide treatment exerts comparable actions with intraperitoneal administration. Adult male Swiss mice were submitted t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s12020-025-04220-z","pubmedId":"40169506","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s12020-025-04220-z","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:23.281Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"f2578164-b687-4247-87ec-91cab62a8dca","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Effects of pramlintide on energy intake and food preference in rats given a choice diet.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34332974/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Effects of pramlintide on energy intake and food preference in rats given a choice diet.\" Abstract excerpt: Amylin is a peptide hormone involved in the control of energy balance, making the amylin system a potential target for pharmacotherapies to treat obesity. Pramlintide, an amylin analogue, is an FDA-approved medication for the treatment of diabetes that also has food intake- and body weight-suppressive effects. However, it is unknown whether pramlintide may preferentially reduce intake of highly pa","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113541","pubmedId":"34332974","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=155, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113541","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:23.352Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"445fc272-6d57-4138-a4a8-b0f3f7a38aad","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Amylin and pramlintide modulate γ-secretase level and APP processing in lipid rafts.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32111883/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Amylin and pramlintide modulate γ-secretase level and APP processing in lipid rafts.\" Abstract excerpt: A major characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the accumulation of misfolded amyloid-&#x3b2; (A&#x3b2;) peptide. Several studies linked AD with type 2 diabetes due to similarities between A&#x3b2; and human amylin. This study investigates the effect of amylin and pramlintide on A&#x3b2; pathogenesis and the predisposing molecular mechanism(s) behind the observed effects in TgSwDI mouse, a c","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-020-60664-5","pubmedId":"32111883","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=271, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41598-020-60664-5","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:23.434Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"80ac5879-d7b8-4077-a5e0-b5e7a786a793","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Addition of pramlintide to insulin therapy lowers HbA1c in conjunction with weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes approaching glycaemic targets.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14617226/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Addition of pramlintide to insulin therapy lowers HbA1c in conjunction with weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes approaching glycaemic targets.\" Abstract excerpt: Two long-term, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials in insulin-using patients with type 2 diabetes, spanning a wide range of baseline glycaemic control, have shown that the addition of pramlintide, an analogue of the beta-cell hormone amylin, to pre-existing insulin regimens results in reductions in HbA1c that are accompanied by weight loss. To assess whether this profile o","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1046/j.1463-1326.2003.00295.x","pubmedId":"14617226","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=209, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1046/j.1463-1326.2003.00295.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:23.511Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"947ba3aa-d8aa-48c2-9f3b-2d26ed13ec96","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Infusion of pramlintide, a human amylin analogue, delays gastric emptying in men with IDDM.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9028722/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Infusion of pramlintide, a human amylin analogue, delays gastric emptying in men with IDDM.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide, a human amylin analogue, reduces hyperglycaemia after meals in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). We investigated whether this was due to delayed gastric emptying. Eight men with uncomplicated IDDM were studied twice in a randomised, double-blind crossover design. Euglycaemia was maintained overnight by intravenous infusion of glucose and/or insulin and the foll","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.1007/s001250050646","pubmedId":"9028722","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s001250050646","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:23.587Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"aef0b035-c9a1-4eb8-b91b-1670b97592f5","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Activity of pramlintide, rat and human amylin but not Aβ1-42 at human amylin receptors.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24169554/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Activity of pramlintide, rat and human amylin but not Aβ1-42 at human amylin receptors.\" Abstract excerpt: Amylin is a neuroendocrine hormone involved in glucose regulation. An amylin analog, pramlintide, is used to treat insulin-requiring diabetes. Its anorexigenic actions give it potential as an obesity treatment. There are 3 amylin receptors (AMY1, AMY2, AMY3), comprising the calcitonin receptor and receptor activity-modifying proteins 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The pharmacology of pramlintide at ea","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1210/en.2013-1658","pubmedId":"24169554","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=85, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/en.2013-1658","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:23.663Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"59e1c775-e52c-4e5e-a47c-4eb22c63f31d","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"The role of pramlintide for weight loss.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20164472/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"The role of pramlintide for weight loss.\" Abstract excerpt: To evaluate the weight-loss effects of pramlintide. A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE (1950-October week 4, 2009), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970-October 2009), and Evidence Based Medicine Database (1991-2009 week 44) to identify relevant publications. Key words searched included pramlintide, weight loss, obesity, and overweight. Additional data sources were obtained throu","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1345/aph.1m210","pubmedId":"20164472","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=39, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1345/aph.1m210","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:23.739Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"2ac1343a-28d9-43b2-b830-6f9e3cf2a88e","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Kinetics of pramlintide degradation in aqueous solution as a function of temperature and pH.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14727840/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Kinetics of pramlintide degradation in aqueous solution as a function of temperature and pH.\" Abstract excerpt: The stability of the 37-amino acid peptide pramlintide, in aqueous solution, was studied as a function of pH and temperature. Samples of pramlintide formulated as a parenteral product were exposed to elevated temperatures and to realistic storage conditions for as long as 30 months. Pramlintide degradation was monitored by three high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods: a reversed-pha","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1208/pt010207","pubmedId":"14727840","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=43, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1208/pt010207","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:23.816Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"5688fd83-fd06-41a8-a222-ef6d520ca572","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Properties of pramlintide and insulin upon mixing.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15821274/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Properties of pramlintide and insulin upon mixing.\" Abstract excerpt: The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of pramlintide and various insulin formulations in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) when given as separate injections or mixed in the same syringe before injection were studied. In two randomized, open-label, placebo-controlled, five-period-crossover studies, patients with type 1 DM received preprandial injections of pramlintide, short-","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1093/ajhp/62.8.816","pubmedId":"15821274","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=54, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/ajhp/62.8.816","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:23.901Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"273b42c5-ba31-480f-9551-3ccfc8754b72","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"The effect of pramlintide on hormonal, metabolic or symptomatic responses to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16050943/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"The effect of pramlintide on hormonal, metabolic or symptomatic responses to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide, a human amylin analogue, is a potential new adjunctive therapy to insulin for patients with type 1 diabetes and insulin-using patients with type 2 diabetes. Early clinical trials have shown a transient increased risk of hypoglycaemia in some patients at the time of initiating pramlintide therapy. This may be the result of combining the postprandial glucose, lowering effect of pramlint","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1111/j.1463-1326.2004.00417.x","pubmedId":"16050943","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2004.00417.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:23.975Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"b85748de-7ef0-4d53-a378-d03d7cd6f8f1","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"The effect of pramlintide, an antidiabetic amylin analogue, on angiogenesis-related markers <i>in vitro</i>.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33312210/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"The effect of pramlintide, an antidiabetic amylin analogue, on angiogenesis-related markers <i>in vitro</i>.\" Abstract excerpt: Irregularities of angiogenesis may participate in the pathogenesis of diabetes complications. Pramlintide is an amylin analogue administered for the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The present investigation aimed at surveying the effect of pramlintide on angiogenesis-related markers in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The proliferation of cells was assessed using 3-(4,5-di","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.4103/1735-5362.293510","pubmedId":"33312210","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=94, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.4103/1735-5362.293510","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:24.050Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"c744c96e-96a4-4817-9c27-72777244bea0","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"The effect of pramlintide (amylin analogue) treatment on bone metabolism and bone density in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10494873/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"The effect of pramlintide (amylin analogue) treatment on bone metabolism and bone density in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.\" Abstract excerpt: Amylin is a 37-amino-acid peptide related to CGRP and calcitonin. It is co-secreted with insulin from pancreatic beta-cells. Amylin is deficient with type 1 diabetes mellitus. To study the in vivo effects of amylin in humans, diabetic patients are an adequate model of chronic amylin deficiency. We investigated the effect of a 12 months pramlintide therapy (amylin analogue) on bone metabolism in pa","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1999,"doi":"10.1055/s-2007-978777","pubmedId":"10494873","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=338, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1055/s-2007-978777","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:24.121Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"e09f2aec-3eb4-4066-8f11-c04160d79f4e","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"The effect of pramlintide acetate on glycemic control and weight in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and in obese patients without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21199269/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"The effect of pramlintide acetate on glycemic control and weight in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and in obese patients without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.\" Abstract excerpt: the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effect of pramlintide on glycemic control, weight and incidence of nausea and hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and in obese patients without diabetes (OBP). eight randomized, clinical trials were identified from multiple databases. Qualitative assessments and quantitative analyses were perform","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1111/j.1463-1326.2010.01337.x","pubmedId":"21199269","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=86, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2010.01337.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:24.192Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"01f94eef-93cf-4439-80de-ff21fdf37d71","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"A pilot trial of pramlintide home usage in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19858155/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"A pilot trial of pramlintide home usage in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of home pramlintide use in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. This was a randomized, 28-day pilot trial of pramlintide (maximum dose: 30 microg per meal) in 10 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years. End points included changes in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values, body weight, and postprandial peak blood glucose levels and area under the cur","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1542/peds.2008-3750","pubmedId":"19858155","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=76, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1542/peds.2008-3750","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:24.266Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"2622539d-cdc8-4a10-a41e-030109f7282f","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"The amylin analog pramlintide improves glycemic control and reduces postprandial glucagon concentrations in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10421239/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"The amylin analog pramlintide improves glycemic control and reduces postprandial glucagon concentrations in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.\" Abstract excerpt: To explore further the effects of the human amylin analog pramlintide on overall glycemic control and postprandial responses of circulating glucose, glucagon, and metabolic intermediates in type 1 diabetes mellitus, 14 male type 1 diabetic patients were examined in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Pramlintide (30 microg four times daily) or placebo were administered for 4 weeks","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1999,"doi":"10.1016/s0026-0495(99)90232-9","pubmedId":"10421239","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=58, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0026-0495(99)90232-9","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:24.339Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"ef4c1830-3bc9-4b04-b1d0-5b5a8aaa7344","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"A co-formulation of pramlintide and insulin A21G (ADO09) improves postprandial glucose and short-term control of mean glucose, time in range, and body weight versus insulin aspart in adults with type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36633505/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"A co-formulation of pramlintide and insulin A21G (ADO09) improves postprandial glucose and short-term control of mean glucose, time in range, and body weight versus insulin aspart in adults with type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide improves postprandial glucose but requires additional injections. We investigated the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, efficacy and safety of ADO09, pramlintide/insulin A21G co-formulation, in type 1 diabetes (T1D). This double-blinded, randomized, two-period cross-over study compared prandial administration of ADO09 or insulin aspart over 24 days in T1D using either &#x2264;40 U bol","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1111/dom.14972","pubmedId":"36633505","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/dom.14972","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:24.424Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"501c3179-ad05-4617-a6e4-c8be80f59df2","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"The role of prandial pramlintide in the treatment of adolescents with type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17957149/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"The role of prandial pramlintide in the treatment of adolescents with type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide, a synthetic analog of amylin, improves postprandial hyperglycemia. We compared subcutaneous (s.c.) pramlintide injection with square wave pramlintide infusion in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Eight subjects with T1DM underwent two randomized studies. Subcutaneous pramlintide (dose = 5 microg/unit of insulin) bolus, was given one time and another time, the same dose was give","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1203/pdr.0b013e318159af8c","pubmedId":"17957149","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=11). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1203/pdr.0b013e318159af8c","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:24.496Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"ba0d356a-6353-4f71-b835-deffb9a5f5b7","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Effect of adjunctive pramlintide treatment on treatment satisfaction in patients with type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17259483/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Effect of adjunctive pramlintide treatment on treatment satisfaction in patients with type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: To assess the effect of adjunctive pramlintide treatment on treatment satisfaction in patients with type 1 diabetes treated with intensive insulin regimens. Intensively treated (multiple daily injection [MDI] or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion [CSII] pump therapy) patients with type 1 diabetes completed a study-specific treatment satisfaction questionnaire following 29 weeks of either pla","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.2337/dc06-1026","pubmedId":"17259483","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=35, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/dc06-1026","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:24.569Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"554d3dd0-dd61-4abd-896a-59f422c41335","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Fixed ratio dosing of pramlintide with regular insulin before a standard meal in patients with type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26040429/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Fixed ratio dosing of pramlintide with regular insulin before a standard meal in patients with type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Amylin is co-secreted with insulin and is therefore lacking in patients with type 1 diabetes. Replacement with fixed ratio co-administration of insulin and the amylin analogue pramlintide may be superior to separate dosing. This concept was evaluated in a ratio-finding study. Patients with type 1 diabetes were enrolled in a randomized, single-masked, standard breakfast crossover study using regula","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1111/dom.12504","pubmedId":"26040429","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=176, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/dom.12504","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:24.641Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"e1df3f21-c075-4c1c-bb2d-f9c8ce37f9fa","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Effect of pramlintide on A1C and body weight in insulin-treated African Americans and Hispanics with type 2 diabetes: a pooled post hoc analysis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14669170/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Effect of pramlintide on A1C and body weight in insulin-treated African Americans and Hispanics with type 2 diabetes: a pooled post hoc analysis.\" Abstract excerpt: An unresolved problem in the management of type 2 diabetes is that improvement of glycemic control with insulin, insulin secretagogues, and insulin sensitizers is often accompanied by undesired weight gain. This problem is of particular concern in ethnic groups with a high propensity for diabetes and obesity, such as African Americans and Hispanics. Two 1-year, randomized, double-blind, placebo-co","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1016/j.metabol.2003.06.003","pubmedId":"14669170","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2003.06.003","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:19.996Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"4f07780f-c4d6-42a4-97c9-6086e2c1c00e","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"[Effects of pramlintide, an analog of amylin, on the regulation of glycemia].","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9773629/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"[Effects of pramlintide, an analog of amylin, on the regulation of glycemia].\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1998,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"9773629","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:9773629","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:20.071Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"73574f13-6826-4375-9f31-520a74f12156","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Amylin Analog Pramlintide Induces Migraine-like Attacks in Patients.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33772845/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Amylin Analog Pramlintide Induces Migraine-like Attacks in Patients.\" Abstract excerpt: Migraine is a prevalent and disabling neurological disease. Its genesis is poorly understood, and there remains unmet clinical need. We aimed to identify mechanisms and thus novel therapeutic targets for migraine using human models of migraine and translational models in animals, with emphasis on amylin, a close relative of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Thirty-six migraine without aura p","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1002/ana.26072","pubmedId":"33772845","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/ana.26072","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:20.144Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"f5a74172-af13-4c6a-ac69-050839e5d71d","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Exenatide and pramlintide: new glucose-lowering agents for treating diabetes mellitus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16708716/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Exenatide and pramlintide: new glucose-lowering agents for treating diabetes mellitus.\" Abstract excerpt: Insulin is not the only hormone that regulates plasma glucose levels. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), produced in the small intestine, and amylin, produced by beta cells in the pancreas, also have glucose-lowering effects. Synthetic analogues of these hormones are now available for clinical use.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.3949/ccjm.73.5.477","pubmedId":"16708716","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3949/ccjm.73.5.477","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:20.224Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"3804c003-2fd4-4f7d-96e5-fa845ad19fbf","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Zn(II) binding to pramlintide results in a structural kink, fibril formation and antifungal activity.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36446825/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Zn(II) binding to pramlintide results in a structural kink, fibril formation and antifungal activity.\" Abstract excerpt: The antimicrobial properties of amylin, a 37-amino acid peptide hormone, co-secreted with insulin from the pancreas, are far less known than its antidiabetic function. We provide insight into the bioinorganic chemistry of amylin analogues, showing that the coordination of zinc(II) enhances the antifungal properties of pramlintide, a non-fibrillating therapeutic analogue of amylin. Zinc binds to th","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-022-24968-y","pubmedId":"36446825","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41598-022-24968-y","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:20.452Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"991320e9-0403-4e67-ba7c-fb008bd07a25","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Liraglutide versus pramlintide in protecting against cognitive function impairment through affecting PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/TTBK1 pathway and decreasing Tau hyperphosphorylation in high-fat diet- streptozocin rat model.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38536493/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Liraglutide versus pramlintide in protecting against cognitive function impairment through affecting PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/TTBK1 pathway and decreasing Tau hyperphosphorylation in high-fat diet- streptozocin rat model.\" Abstract excerpt: The American Diabetes Association guidelines (2021) confirmed the importance of raising public awareness of diabetes-induced cognitive impairment, highlighting the links between poor glycemic control and cognitive impairment. The characteristic brain lesions of cognitive dysfunction are neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and senile plaques formed of amyloid-&#x3b2; deposition, glycogen synthase kinase ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1007/s00424-024-02933-0","pubmedId":"38536493","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00424-024-02933-0","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:20.527Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"0ea83dc9-7f43-43cf-87b7-de549afe91b8","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Ultra-Fast Insulin-Pramlintide Co-Formulation for Improved Glucose Management in Diabetic Rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34499434/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Ultra-Fast Insulin-Pramlintide Co-Formulation for Improved Glucose Management in Diabetic Rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Dual-hormone replacement therapy with insulin and amylin in patients with type 1 diabetes has the potential to improve glucose management. Unfortunately, currently available formulations require burdensome separate injections at mealtimes and have disparate pharmacokinetics that do not mimic endogenous co-secretion. Here, amphiphilic acrylamide copolymers are used to create a stable co-formulation","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1002/advs.202101575","pubmedId":"34499434","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/advs.202101575","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:20.608Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"c78590e4-a415-4da8-8341-b3cd3ba3bd89","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"New drugs: exenatide, pramlintide acetate, and micafungin sodium.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16128511/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"New drugs: exenatide, pramlintide acetate, and micafungin sodium.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1331/1544345054475504","pubmedId":"16128511","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1331/1544345054475504","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:20.684Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"64a2b147-9a78-416c-b261-53d69e6622d7","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"In silico evaluation of pramlintide dosing algorithms in artificial pancreas systems.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40513482/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"In silico evaluation of pramlintide dosing algorithms in artificial pancreas systems.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide's capability to delay gastric emptying has motivated its use in artificial pancreas systems, accompanying insulin as a control action. Due to the scarcity of pramlintide simulation models in the literature, in silico testing of insulin-plus-pramlintide strategies is not widely used. This work incorporates a recent pramlintide pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics model into the T1DM UVA/Pa","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.compbiomed.2025.110447","pubmedId":"40513482","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2025.110447","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:20.760Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"07561865-d9c1-4836-a77e-94d903815d7a","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Be positive: optimizing pramlintide from microcanonical analysis of amylin isoforms.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28905065/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Be positive: optimizing pramlintide from microcanonical analysis of amylin isoforms.\" Abstract excerpt: Amylin, or human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP), is a 37-residue hormone synergistic to insulin and co-secreted with it by &#x3b2;-cells in the pancreas. The deposition of its cytotoxic amyloid fibrils is strongly related to the progression of Type II diabetes (T2D) and islet graft failures. Notably, isoforms from some mammalian species, such as rats (rIAPP) and porcine (pIAPP), present a few k","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1039/c7cp04074a","pubmedId":"28905065","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1039/c7cp04074a","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:21.288Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"d6563c0a-76d1-48f7-92e7-63ed0cce9ea8","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Continuous subcutaneous pramlintide infusion therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes: observations from a pilot study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19546056/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Continuous subcutaneous pramlintide infusion therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes: observations from a pilot study.\" Abstract excerpt: To investigate the efficacy and safety of continuous (basal-bolus) subcutaneous pramlintide infusion (CSPI) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. A 16-week, open-label, single-arm pilot study enrolled 11 patients (mean +/- SD values: age, 39.9 +/- 4.0 years; hemoglobin A1c, 8.20% +/- 0.60%; weight, 92.3 +/- 18.4 kg; body mass index, 29.7 +/- 5.1 kg/m2) with longterm type 1 diabetes mellitus (","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.4158/ep09044.orr1","pubmedId":"19546056","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.4158/ep09044.orr1","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:20.835Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"5ead2379-69a3-4686-8dd2-0079f071dcbb","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Adjunctive therapy with pramlintide in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17064208/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Adjunctive therapy with pramlintide in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus.\" Abstract excerpt: Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus is associated with both microvascular and macrovascular complications. Despite an array of treatment options available, achievement of euglycemia in most patients with diabetes is still lacking. Pramlintide acetate, a synthetic analog of the human hormone amylin and belonging to a new class of agents, was approved in March 2005 as adjunctive treatment in patients wit","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1592/phco.26.11.1626","pubmedId":"17064208","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1592/phco.26.11.1626","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:20.984Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"0712f994-1458-47f1-9b05-ac5cadd69974","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Adjunctive therapy with pramlintide lowers HbA1c without concomitant weight gain and increased risk of severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes approaching glycemic targets.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15891954/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Adjunctive therapy with pramlintide lowers HbA1c without concomitant weight gain and increased risk of severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes approaching glycemic targets.\" Abstract excerpt: In long-term clinical trials in patients with type 1 diabetes spanning a wide range of HbA1c, addition of pramlintide to existing insulin regimens led to reductions in HbA1c that were accompanied by weight loss and no increase in overall severe hypoglycemia event rates. Given that weight gain and increased hypoglycemia risk contribute to the difficulty of attaining HbA1c targets (&lt;7 %), the que","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1055/s-2005-837662","pubmedId":"15891954","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1055/s-2005-837662","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:21.059Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"9358547a-28ad-41fd-bfca-9ff149bce01f","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Amylin replacement with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy improves long-term glycaemic and weight control in Type 1 diabetes mellitus: a 1-year, randomized controlled trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15498087/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Amylin replacement with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy improves long-term glycaemic and weight control in Type 1 diabetes mellitus: a 1-year, randomized controlled trial.\" Abstract excerpt: The autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta-cells in Type 1 diabetes mellitus renders patients deficient in two glucoregulatory peptide hormones, insulin and amylin. With insulin replacement alone, most patients do not achieve glycaemic goals. We aimed to determine the long-term efficacy and safety of adjunctive therapy with pramlintide, a synthetic human amylin analogue, in patients wi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01319.x","pubmedId":"15498087","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01319.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:21.136Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"c320edd8-7eb6-4028-ba2b-448607a0641a","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"A model of subcutaneous pramlintide pharmacokinetics and its effect on gastric emptying: Proof-of-concept based on populational data.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38064957/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"A model of subcutaneous pramlintide pharmacokinetics and its effect on gastric emptying: Proof-of-concept based on populational data.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide, an amylin analog, has been coming up as an agent in type 1 diabetes dual-hormone therapies (insulin/pramlintide). Since pramlintide slows down gastric emptying, it allows for easing glucose control and reducing the burden of meal announcements. Pre-clinical in silico evaluations are a key step in the development of any closed-loop strategy. However, mathematical models are needed, and","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107968","pubmedId":"38064957","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107968","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:21.211Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"71d7c37f-9d4c-4043-9983-54620afb6680","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Amylin replacement with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a physiological approach toward improved metabolic control.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11472273/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Amylin replacement with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a physiological approach toward improved metabolic control.\" Abstract excerpt: Destruction and dysfunction of pancreatic beta-cells, resulting in absolute and relative insulin deficiency, represent key abnormalities in the pathogenesis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively. Following the discovery of amylin, a second beta-cell hormone that is co-secreted with insulin in response to nutrient stimuli, it was realized that diabetes represents a state of bihormonal beta ce","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2001,"doi":"10.2174/1381612013397357","pubmedId":"11472273","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2174/1381612013397357","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:21.364Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"a98c3ab3-a421-4531-8801-d036605dd076","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Randomized comparison of pramlintide or mealtime insulin added to basal insulin treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19502544/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Randomized comparison of pramlintide or mealtime insulin added to basal insulin treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: To compare the efficacy and safety of adding mealtime pramlintide or rapid-acting insulin analogs (RAIAs) to basal insulin for patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes. In a 24-week open-label, multicenter study, 113 patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to addition of mealtime pramlintide (120 microg) or a titrated RAIA to basal insulin and prior oral antihyperglycemic drugs (OADs). At","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.2337/dc09-0395","pubmedId":"19502544","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/dc09-0395","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:21.441Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"1c34de11-4157-4971-bce4-12417f7a91f5","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"The human amylin analog, pramlintide, corrects postprandial hyperglucagonemia in patients with type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11979398/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"The human amylin analog, pramlintide, corrects postprandial hyperglucagonemia in patients with type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Mealtime amylin replacement with the human amylin analog pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy improves postprandial glycemia and long-term glycemic control in type 1 diabetes. Preclinical animal studies indicate that these complementary effects may result from at least 2 independent mechanisms: a slowing of nutrient delivery to the small intestine and a suppression of nutrient-stimulated g","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1053/meta.2002.32022","pubmedId":"11979398","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1053/meta.2002.32022","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:21.516Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"1513e120-0398-4f82-b318-1a47f61d8b3c","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"The human amylin analog, pramlintide, reduces postprandial hyperglucagonemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12384827/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"The human amylin analog, pramlintide, reduces postprandial hyperglucagonemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.\" Abstract excerpt: Amylin is a second beta-cell hormone that is normally co-secreted with insulin in response to meals; it complements the effects of insulin in postprandial glucose control, in part by suppressing glucagon secretion. In patients with type 2 diabetes, mealtime administration of the human amylin analog pramlintide markedly improves postprandial glucose excursions. The aim of this study was to examine ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1055/s-2002-34790","pubmedId":"12384827","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1055/s-2002-34790","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:21.591Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"7dc70b37-0960-46a8-b2f3-1e92fe154f55","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Enhanced weight loss with pramlintide/metreleptin: an integrated neurohormonal approach to obesity pharmacotherapy.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19521351/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Enhanced weight loss with pramlintide/metreleptin: an integrated neurohormonal approach to obesity pharmacotherapy.\" Abstract excerpt: The neurohormonal control of body weight involves a complex interplay between long-term adiposity signals (e.g., leptin), and short-term satiation signals (e.g., amylin). In diet-induced obese (DIO) rodents, amylin/leptin combination treatment led to marked, synergistic, fat-specific weight loss. To evaluate the weight-lowering effect of combined amylin/leptin agonism (with pramlintide/metreleptin","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1038/oby.2009.184","pubmedId":"19521351","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/oby.2009.184","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:21.667Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"c0e00771-e2c3-480d-a3d1-229791101323","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"ADO09, a co-formulation of pramlintide and insulin A21G, lowers body weight versus insulin lispro in type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39109464/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"ADO09, a co-formulation of pramlintide and insulin A21G, lowers body weight versus insulin lispro in type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: To study safety, efficacy and weight loss with ADO09, a co-formulation of insulin A21G and pramlintide, in type 1 diabetes. A randomized, two-arm ambulatory 16-week study compared ADO09 with insulin lispro in 80 participants with type 1 diabetes. We compared changes of weight, glycated haemoglobin, glycaemic patterns during continuous glucose monitoring, and insulin doses at baseline and at the en","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1111/dom.15827","pubmedId":"39109464","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/dom.15827","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:21.744Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"ecce7112-6c22-4394-99da-793e0d2a5e44","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Analysis of the ability of pramlintide to inhibit amyloid formation by human islet amyloid polypeptide reveals a balance between optimal recognition and reduced amyloidogenicity.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26407043/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Analysis of the ability of pramlintide to inhibit amyloid formation by human islet amyloid polypeptide reveals a balance between optimal recognition and reduced amyloidogenicity.\" Abstract excerpt: The hormone human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP or amylin) plays a role in glucose metabolism, but forms amyloid in the pancreas in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and is associated with &#x3b2;-cell death and dysfunction in the disease. Inhibitors of islet amyloid have therapeutic potential; however, there are no clinically approved inhibitors, and the mode of action of existing inhibitors is not well u","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00567","pubmedId":"26407043","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00567","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:21.820Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"7f41ec3a-71e2-4525-bc0e-28d3b83524af","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"A model of glucose-insulin-pramlintide pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in type I diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24876617/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"A model of glucose-insulin-pramlintide pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in type I diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) complications are significantly reduced when normoglycemic levels are maintained via intensive therapy. The artificial pancreas is designed for intensive glycemic control; however, large postprandial excursions after a meal result in poor glucose regulation. Pramlintide, a synthetic analog of the hormone amylin, reduces the severity of postprandial excursions by red","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1177/1932296813517323","pubmedId":"24876617","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/1932296813517323","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:21.896Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"33a9d518-1506-4488-a8da-4002b5748731","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Simple meal announcements and pramlintide delivery versus carbohydrate counting in type 1 diabetes with automated fast-acting insulin aspart delivery: a randomised crossover trial in Montreal, Canada.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38906614/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Simple meal announcements and pramlintide delivery versus carbohydrate counting in type 1 diabetes with automated fast-acting insulin aspart delivery: a randomised crossover trial in Montreal, Canada.\" Abstract excerpt: In type 1 diabetes, carbohydrate counting is the standard of care to determine prandial insulin needs, but it can negatively affect quality of life. We developed a novel insulin-and-pramlintide closed-loop system that replaces carbohydrate counting with simple meal announcements. We performed a randomised crossover trial assessing 14 days of (1) insulin-and-pramlintide closed-loop system with simp","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/s2589-7500(24)00092-x","pubmedId":"38906614","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s2589-7500(24)00092-x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:21.972Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"f9188f9d-91a5-4850-a6ae-094b59031d52","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"The effect of single doses of pramlintide on gastric emptying of two meals in men with IDDM.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9628276/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"The effect of single doses of pramlintide on gastric emptying of two meals in men with IDDM.\" Abstract excerpt: In a previous study we have shown that an intravenous infusion of pramlintide (an analogue of human amylin) delayed gastric emptying, but the dose of pramlintide was supraphysiological in relation to the amylin response to food in non-diabetic subjects. The purpose of this study was to examine the dose response relationship of subcutaneous injections of pramlintide on gastric emptying and to deter","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1998,"doi":"10.1007/s001250050949","pubmedId":"9628276","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s001250050949","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:22.048Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"039851b6-b5a8-4fa4-9736-000df7297143","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Effects of the amylin analogue pramlintide on hepatic glucagon responses and intermediary metabolism in Type 1 diabetic subjects.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10547215/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Effects of the amylin analogue pramlintide on hepatic glucagon responses and intermediary metabolism in Type 1 diabetic subjects.\" Abstract excerpt: Hepatic glycogen stores have been shown to be depleted, and glucagon stimulated hepatic glucose production reduced, in Type 1 diabetic subjects. Co-administration of amylin and insulin has been shown to replete hepatic glycogen stores in diabetic animal models. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of amylin replacement on hepatic glucagon responsiveness in humans. Thirteen Ty","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1999,"doi":"10.1046/j.1464-5491.1999.00162.x","pubmedId":"10547215","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.1999.00162.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:22.124Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"aaa2cab4-7af5-4733-bf38-027115e899cc","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Diabetes basics. Exenatide and pramlintide. New meds on the block.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16888865/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Diabetes basics. Exenatide and pramlintide. New meds on the block.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"16888865","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:16888865","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:22.200Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"f91e950e-a7c3-47f6-b546-046489800aaa","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"A Novel Dual-Hormone Insulin-and-Pramlintide Artificial Pancreas for Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31974099/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"A Novel Dual-Hormone Insulin-and-Pramlintide Artificial Pancreas for Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial.\" Abstract excerpt: The rapid insulin-alone artificial pancreas improves glycemia in type 1 diabetes but daytime control remains suboptimal. We propose two novel dual-hormone artificial pancreas systems. We conducted a randomized crossover trial comparing a rapid insulin-alone artificial pancreas with rapid insulin-and-pramlintide and with regular insulin-and-pramlintide artificial pancreas systems in adults with typ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.2337/dc19-1922","pubmedId":"31974099","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/dc19-1922","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:22.276Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"f8a797e8-86bb-4d38-a0eb-4d70f74fade5","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Nephrectomy decreases amylin and pramlintide clearance in rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9761382/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Nephrectomy decreases amylin and pramlintide clearance in rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Amylin is a 37 amino acid hormone, co-secreted with insulin from the pancreatic beta-cell in response to nutrient stimuli. Because the human amylin analog, pramlintide, is being tested in patients with diabetes mellitus, a known risk factor for nephropathy, we examined the role of the kidney on amylin and pramlintide metabolism and action in functionally nephrectomized rats. Nephrectomy markedly a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1998,"doi":"10.1055/s-2007-978923","pubmedId":"9761382","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1055/s-2007-978923","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:22.351Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"462be0bd-6d21-48f7-9db6-3b9eb05c19ee","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Effects of 4 weeks' administration of pramlintide, a human amylin analogue, on glycaemia control in patients with IDDM: effects on plasma glucose profiles and serum fructosamine concentrations.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9389419/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Effects of 4 weeks' administration of pramlintide, a human amylin analogue, on glycaemia control in patients with IDDM: effects on plasma glucose profiles and serum fructosamine concentrations.\" Abstract excerpt: The effects of 4 weeks' administration of pramlintide, an analogue of the human hormone amylin, on blood glucose control in 215 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were examined in a 4-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. Pramlintide was administered subcutaneously prior to meals in four dosing regimens: 30 microg four times per day (breakfast, lu","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.1007/s001250050821","pubmedId":"9389419","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s001250050821","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:22.428Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"cda28722-adae-4053-9cdf-6af5a9183df3","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"USAN Council. List No.392. New names. Pramlintide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9147903/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"USAN Council. List No.392. New names. Pramlintide.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.1016/s0009-9236(97)90208-3","pubmedId":"9147903","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0009-9236(97)90208-3","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:22.504Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"76d573b2-d986-44fa-bbcd-516b48f860df","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Study of forced degradation behavior of pramlintide acetate by HPLC and LC-MS.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29389581/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Study of forced degradation behavior of pramlintide acetate by HPLC and LC-MS.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide acetate (Symlin &#xae; ), a synthetic analogue of the human hormone amylin. It was approved in March 2005 as a subcutaneous injection for the adjunctive treatment of patients who have type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus. The objective of current investigation was to study the degradation behavior of pramlintide acetate under different ICH recommended stress conditions by HPLC and LC-MS. Pram","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1016/j.jfda.2017.07.009","pubmedId":"29389581","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jfda.2017.07.009","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:22.732Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"c4393c5f-3360-4b3c-a2cd-dbac120d7be5","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Minimal reduction in insulin dosage with pramlintide therapy when pretreatment near-normal glycemia is established and square-wave meal bolus is used.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19364691/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Minimal reduction in insulin dosage with pramlintide therapy when pretreatment near-normal glycemia is established and square-wave meal bolus is used.\" Abstract excerpt: To evaluate the effect of near-normal glucose control before initiation of pramlintide therapy and square-wave meal bolus on self-reported hypoglycemia and the percentage change in dosing parameters after attaining the maximum pramlintide dosage. In this prospective study, insulin pump-treated patients with type 1 diabetes had insulin dosages optimally titrated on the basis of daily continuous glu","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.4158/ep.15.3.229","pubmedId":"19364691","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.4158/ep.15.3.229","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:22.807Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"4615c28c-48e5-4330-8681-ba746c650e87","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Sustained weight loss following 12-month pramlintide treatment as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention in obesity.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18753666/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Sustained weight loss following 12-month pramlintide treatment as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention in obesity.\" Abstract excerpt: To assess long-term weight loss efficacy and safety of pramlintide used at different dosing regimens and in conjunction with lifestyle intervention (LSI). In a 4-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study, 411 obese subjects were randomized to receive pramlintide (six arms: 120, 240, and 360 microg b.i.d. and t.i.d.) or placebo in conjunction with a structured LSI program geared t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.2337/dc08-0029","pubmedId":"18753666","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/dc08-0029","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:22.884Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"ae9b1a90-b0f4-4c38-ac2c-c2ba97b75b41","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Clinical experience with the addition of pramlintide in patients with insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17909093/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Clinical experience with the addition of pramlintide in patients with insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.2337/dc07-0641","pubmedId":"17909093","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/dc07-0641","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:22.959Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"4fdb68c6-2f21-430a-8bd1-3d65a301d9b0","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Effects of Amylin and the Amylin Agonist Pramlintide on Glucose Metabolism","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9136(199706)14:2+<s19::aid-dia400>3.0.co;2-4","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Effects of Amylin and the Amylin Agonist Pramlintide on Glucose Metabolism\" Abstract excerpt: Since the discovery of the pancreatic islet hormone amylin in 1987, its metabolic effects have been investigated in a number of studies in animals and humans. Data from some early animal studies suggested that amylin might be associated with the development of insulin resistance, but other studies found that amylin had no effect on insulin sensitivity. More recently, studies performed using the hu","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.1002/(sici)1096-9136(199706)14:2+<s19::aid-dia400>3.0.co;2-4","pubmedId":"9212325","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9136(199706)14:2+<s19::aid-dia400>3.0.co;2-4","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:23.036Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"c61afab3-7d15-49d3-86cf-b3dddd83f8af","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Expression, purification, and biological activity of the recombinant pramlintide precursor.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24728756/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Expression, purification, and biological activity of the recombinant pramlintide precursor.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide is an artificially designed protein which has the same function as amylin in human body. This protein is extremely difficult to synthesize through prokaryotic expression method because of its two essential active sites, intrachain disulfide bond and C-terminal amide group. Since &#x3b1;-amidating monooxygenase is widely distributed in human and animal, it is possible to use pramlintide","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1007/s00253-014-5699-2","pubmedId":"24728756","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00253-014-5699-2","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:24.628Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"cc232f83-939c-4d7a-a1a4-2af2ccd8d4d8","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Adjunctive therapy with the amylin analogue pramlintide leads to a combined improvement in glycemic and weight control in insulin-treated subjects with type 2 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12017421/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Adjunctive therapy with the amylin analogue pramlintide leads to a combined improvement in glycemic and weight control in insulin-treated subjects with type 2 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of mealtime amylin replacement with pramlintide on long-term glycemic and weight control in subjects with type 2 diabetes. This 52-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter, double-blind, dose-ranging study in 538 insulin-treated subjects with type 2 diabetes compared the efficacy and safety of 30-, 75-, or 150-microg doses of pramlintid","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1089/15209150252924094","pubmedId":"12017421","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1089/15209150252924094","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:23.111Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"60cb0c72-fcd3-4321-afec-f30af4475fd4","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Impact of Disease Duration on the Effects of Pramlintide in Type 1 Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of Three Clinical Trials.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27071768/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Impact of Disease Duration on the Effects of Pramlintide in Type 1 Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of Three Clinical Trials.\" Abstract excerpt: Adjunctive mealtime use of the amylin analog pramlintide improves postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes. This post hoc analysis of three randomized trials evaluated whether disease duration affected responses to pramlintide. Patients received mealtime pramlintide 30 or 60&#xa0;&#xb5;g (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;714) or placebo (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;537) as an adjunct to insulin and were stratif","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1007/s12325-016-0326-5","pubmedId":"27071768","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s12325-016-0326-5","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:23.187Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"55594784-cc3e-48ed-8a82-1954203482f3","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Efficacy and harms of the hypoglycemic agent pramlintide in diabetes mellitus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21060125/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Efficacy and harms of the hypoglycemic agent pramlintide in diabetes mellitus.\" Abstract excerpt: We conducted a study to examine the efficacy, effectiveness, and harms of pramlintide as adjunct therapy in adults and children with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. We searched multiple bibliographic databases to January 2010, the US Food and Drug Administration Web site, and other sources to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) fulfilling inclusion criteria. Syntheses were qualitative because ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1370/afm.1174","pubmedId":"21060125","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1370/afm.1174","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:23.263Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"f34da2e6-1dda-49d7-9d62-70881f5e8f09","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Neuroprotective Effects of the Amylin Analog, Pramlintide, on Alzheimer's Disease Are Associated with Oxidative Stress Regulation Mechanisms.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30958347/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Neuroprotective Effects of the Amylin Analog, Pramlintide, on Alzheimer's Disease Are Associated with Oxidative Stress Regulation Mechanisms.\" Abstract excerpt: Administration of the recombinant analog of the pancreatic amyloid amylin, Pramlintide, has shown therapeutic benefits in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) models, both on cognition and amyloid-&#x3b2; (A&#x3b2;) pathology. However, the neuroprotective mechanisms underlying the benefits of Pramlintide remain unclear. Given the early and critical role of oxidative stress in AD pathogenesis and the","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.3233/jad-180421","pubmedId":"30958347","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3233/jad-180421","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:23.340Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"51883236-6db9-4e5a-a57e-44bc3344c50d","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"ADO09, a co-formulation of the amylin analogue pramlintide and the insulin analogue A21G, lowers postprandial blood glucose versus insulin lispro in type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33336850/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"ADO09, a co-formulation of the amylin analogue pramlintide and the insulin analogue A21G, lowers postprandial blood glucose versus insulin lispro in type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: To compare the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ADO09 with insulin lispro (Lispro) and separate subcutaneous injections of human insulin and pramlintide (Ins&Pram) in 24 subjects with type 1 diabetes. At three dosing visits, participants received single doses of ADO09, Ins&Pram or Lispro immediately before eating a standardized mixed meal together with 1 g of acetaminophen, which w","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1111/dom.14302","pubmedId":"33336850","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/dom.14302","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:23.415Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"6b77e64b-9742-4fcf-a758-4ee687f9852d","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Neuroprotective effects of the amylin analogue pramlintide on Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and cognition.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24239383/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Neuroprotective effects of the amylin analogue pramlintide on Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and cognition.\" Abstract excerpt: Amylin is a metabolic peptide hormone that is co-secreted with insulin from beta cells in the pancreas and activates many of the downstream targets of insulin. To investigate the relationship between this hormone and Alzheimer's disease (AD), we measured plasma human amylin levels in 206 subjects with AD, 64 subjects with mild cognitive impairment, and 111 subjects with no cognitive impairment and","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.10.076","pubmedId":"24239383","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.10.076","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:23.492Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"3a2fe16e-802b-4c8b-bd0d-c97c0b27eff8","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Ex vivo human placental transfer of the peptides pramlintide and exenatide (synthetic exendin-4).","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14992323/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Ex vivo human placental transfer of the peptides pramlintide and exenatide (synthetic exendin-4).\" Abstract excerpt: Two peptides, pramlintide (37 amino acids), an analog of human amylin, and exenatide, synthetic exendin-4 (39 amino acids), are both in late-stage clinical development as potential new treatments for people with diabetes. Both are potential long-term treatments, and there is the likelihood that some women will become pregnant while using one of these peptide therapies. Therefore, it was important ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1191/0960327103ht402oa","pubmedId":"14992323","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1191/0960327103ht402oa","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:23.569Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"8db02e4a-53aa-480a-9d28-0775b5fe3352","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Enhanced weight loss following coadministration of pramlintide with sibutramine or phentermine in a multicenter trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20094043/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Enhanced weight loss following coadministration of pramlintide with sibutramine or phentermine in a multicenter trial.\" Abstract excerpt: Preclinical evidence suggests that pharmacotherapy for obesity using combinations of agents targeted at distinct regulatory pathways may produce robust additive or synergistic effects on weight loss. This randomized placebo-controlled trial examined the safety and efficacy of the amylin analogue pramlintide alone or in combination with either phentermine or sibutramine. All patients also received ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1038/oby.2009.478","pubmedId":"20094043","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/oby.2009.478","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:23.644Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"ed3110f9-2eef-4477-9682-b123eec2263f","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessing pramlintide treatment in the setting of intensive insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17003291/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessing pramlintide treatment in the setting of intensive insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: To assess safety, efficacy, and tolerability of pramlintide dose escalation with proactive mealtime insulin reduction, followed by insulin optimization, in patients with type 1 diabetes. This 29-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study randomized 296 patients to pramlintide or placebo as an adjunct to insulin. During initiation, pramlintide was escalated from 15 to 60 microg/meal (15-microg in","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.2337/dc06-0042","pubmedId":"17003291","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/dc06-0042","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:23.719Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"ea93b8b5-abe9-465e-a325-1877b70d1f47","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"A biophysical characterization of the peptide drug pramlintide (AC137) using empirical phase diagrams.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17879973/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"A biophysical characterization of the peptide drug pramlintide (AC137) using empirical phase diagrams.\" Abstract excerpt: AC137 (pramlintide) is a 37-residue peptide analogue of the hormone amylin. Pramlintide has been studied as an adjunct antihyperglycemic treatment for patients with type 2 or type 1 diabetes who use insulin. This study took an empirical phase diagram (EPD) approach to obtain information about the structural stability of this peptide by compiling thermal perturbation data acquired from multiple spe","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1002/jps.21197","pubmedId":"17879973","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/jps.21197","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:23.797Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"53311c8e-13eb-49e3-9f73-f8b1fbca6b7d","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Alleviating carbohydrate counting with a FiASP-plus-pramlintide closed-loop delivery system (artificial pancreas): Feasibility and pilot studies.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34047449/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Alleviating carbohydrate counting with a FiASP-plus-pramlintide closed-loop delivery system (artificial pancreas): Feasibility and pilot studies.\" Abstract excerpt: To assess whether a FiASP-and-pramlintide closed-loop system has the potential to replace carbohydrate counting with a simple meal announcement (SMA) strategy (meal priming bolus without carbohydrate counting) without degrading glycaemic control compared with a FiASP closed-loop system. We conducted a 24-hour feasibility study comparing a FiASP system with full carbohydrate counting (FCC) with a F","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1111/dom.14447","pubmedId":"34047449","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/dom.14447","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:23.872Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"44dbd0e0-34e9-4d7e-9386-46e16470c6e7","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Anti-diabetogenic effect of the human amylin analogue, pramlintide, in Type 1 diabetes is not mediated by GLP-1.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12207819/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Anti-diabetogenic effect of the human amylin analogue, pramlintide, in Type 1 diabetes is not mediated by GLP-1.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1046/j.1464-5491.2002.00657_1.x","pubmedId":"12207819","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.2002.00657_1.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:23.947Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"c7042828-249c-4db8-a5fe-a940165d9907","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Solution state structures of human pancreatic amylin and pramlintide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19596697/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Solution state structures of human pancreatic amylin and pramlintide.\" Abstract excerpt: We have employed pramlintide (prAM) as a surrogate for hAM in CD and NMR studies of the conformational preferences of the N-terminal portion of the structure in media which do not provide long-lived monomeric solutions of hAM due to its rapid conversion to preamyloid beta aggregate states. Direct comparison of hAM and prAM could be made under helix-formation-favoring conditions. On the basis of CD","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1093/protein/gzp029","pubmedId":"19596697","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/protein/gzp029","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:24.024Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"30a55238-be7d-4683-8a48-4257139bfdef","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Reducing postprandial hyperglycemia with adjuvant premeal pramlintide and postmeal insulin in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19140902/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Reducing postprandial hyperglycemia with adjuvant premeal pramlintide and postmeal insulin in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.\" Abstract excerpt: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adjuvant premeal pramlintide with postmeal insulin on postprandial hyperglycemia in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Eight adolescents with T1DM on intensive insulin therapy participated in an open-label, non-randomized, crossover study, comparing postprandial glucose excursions in study A (prescribed insulin regimen and given ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1111/j.1399-5448.2008.00490.x","pubmedId":"19140902","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1399-5448.2008.00490.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:24.100Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"8ffa438a-0a3d-4638-801c-9c05bc91a9b4","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Assessing treatment satisfaction in patients treated with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17624233/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Assessing treatment satisfaction in patients treated with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy.\" Abstract excerpt: This study was designed to assess treatment satisfaction in patients using pramlintide who had not previously achieved glycemic targets with insulin therapy alone. Assessment included the association between treatment satisfaction and clinical outcomes (changes in post-prandial glucose [PPG], glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA(1c)], weight, and insulin requirements). In this open-label study 240 partici","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1185/030079907x210804","pubmedId":"17624233","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1185/030079907x210804","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:24.176Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"21b41bbe-0e5e-43bf-a79d-b771f1e50871","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"In silico design of optimal ratio for co-administration of pramlintide and insulin in type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23865841/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"In silico design of optimal ratio for co-administration of pramlintide and insulin in type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: The ability to simulate in silico experiments is crucial for fast and cost-effective preliminary studies prior to clinical trials. We present an in silico approach to the design of optimal pramlintide-to-insulin (P/I) ratios, using our computer simulator of the human metabolic system, with a population of virtual adult type 1 diabetes mellitus patients and with individual parameters modified to ac","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1089/dia.2013.0054","pubmedId":"23865841","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1089/dia.2013.0054","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:24.251Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"d6e4b4e6-907e-4503-a789-06bdccc48641","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Synthesis and amylin receptor activity of glycomimetics of pramlintide using click chemistry.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27139251/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Synthesis and amylin receptor activity of glycomimetics of pramlintide using click chemistry.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide (Symlin&#xae;), a synthetic analogue of the neuroendocrine hormone amylin, is devoid of the tendency to form cytotoxic amyloid fibrils and is currently used in patients with type I and type II diabetes mellitus as an adjunctive therapy with insulin or insulin analogues. As part of an on-going search for a pramlintide analogue with improved pharmacokinetic properties, we herein report t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1039/c6ob00850j","pubmedId":"27139251","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1039/c6ob00850j","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:24.323Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"ae945f59-43db-40c8-970c-806fc1a15be5","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Novel therapies for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: part 1. pramlintide and bromocriptine-QR.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23452312/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Novel therapies for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: part 1. pramlintide and bromocriptine-QR.\" Abstract excerpt: Several classes of antidiabetic agents have been introduced into the market place over the past dozen years. As our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes has advanced, attempts have been made to address these defects specifically. This brief review focuses on our experience with two such pharmacological approaches: (i) a synthetic amylin analog addressing amylin defici","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.12034","pubmedId":"23452312","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/1753-0407.12034","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:24.856Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"1fa797dd-a760-493d-94f6-8b1095815920","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"A co-formulation of supramolecularly stabilized insulin and pramlintide enhances mealtime glucagon suppression in diabetic pigs.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32393892/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"A co-formulation of supramolecularly stabilized insulin and pramlintide enhances mealtime glucagon suppression in diabetic pigs.\" Abstract excerpt: Treatment of patients with diabetes with insulin and pramlintide (an amylin analogue) is more effective than treatment with insulin only. However, because mixtures of insulin and pramlintide are unstable and have to be injected separately, amylin analogues are only used by 1.5% of people with diabetes needing rapid-acting insulin. Here, we show that the supramolecular modification of insulin and p","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1038/s41551-020-0555-4","pubmedId":"32393892","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41551-020-0555-4","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:24.402Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"9a915d3f-e49f-4947-8fe2-cfa09f3b3d3b","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Rediscovery of the Second β-Cell Hormone: Co-replacement With Pramlintide and Insulin in Type 1 Diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32079687/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Rediscovery of the Second β-Cell Hormone: Co-replacement With Pramlintide and Insulin in Type 1 Diabetes.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.2337/dci19-0077","pubmedId":"32079687","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/dci19-0077","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:24.476Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"76c2c491-e7c1-40eb-9b00-38372d406297","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Dose accuracy and injection force of disposable pens delivering pramlintide for the treatment of diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21129339/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Dose accuracy and injection force of disposable pens delivering pramlintide for the treatment of diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: The pen injection format, typically used for insulin administration, has been adapted for the injectable, noninsulin diabetes therapy pramlintide. Administered before major meals, pramlintide therapy requires two to four injections/day in addition to the patients' usual insulin injections. The dose accuracy and injection force was determined for the 60 and 120 &#xb5;g pramlintide pens. Dose accura","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1177/193229681000400618","pubmedId":"21129339","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/193229681000400618","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:24.552Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"2c3c29c5-4cf9-40fe-87ee-66c5bace90dc","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Update in the pharmacologic treatment of diabetes mellitus: focus on pramlintide and exenatide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16971704/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Update in the pharmacologic treatment of diabetes mellitus: focus on pramlintide and exenatide.\" Abstract excerpt: There are now more than 20 million people in America with diabetes mellitus (DM), and the prevalence of this illness continues to increase especially in those with type 2 DM. Over the past decade, research in the area of DM treatment has focused on pharmacologic approaches to modifying glucose metabolism as well as on lifestyle interventions to prevent and manage DM. Pharmacologic research has bee","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1177/0145721706294003","pubmedId":"16971704","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/0145721706294003","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:24.704Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"ecd05b4a-951e-4612-b9e0-5516735739e4","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Physico-chemical properties of co-formulated fast-acting insulin with pramlintide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29928940/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Physico-chemical properties of co-formulated fast-acting insulin with pramlintide.\" Abstract excerpt: Since the discovery of amylin its use has been discouraged by the inadequacy of the protocol involving multiple injections in addition to insulin. We aimed here to develop a combined fixed-dose formulation of pramlintide with fast-acting insulin. We have investigated the compatibility of regular and fast-acting insulin analogues (Aspart, Asp B28 , and LisPro, Lys B28 Pro B29 ) with the amylin anal","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.06.039","pubmedId":"29928940","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.06.039","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:24.779Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"76c16023-3596-4048-befd-e113422f9580","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Progressive reduction in body weight after treatment with the amylin analog pramlintide in obese subjects: a phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17504894/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Progressive reduction in body weight after treatment with the amylin analog pramlintide in obese subjects: a phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study.\" Abstract excerpt: In previous 1-yr trials, treatment with pramlintide (120 microg), an analog of the beta-cell hormone amylin, induced sustained reductions in A1C and body weight in insulin-using subjects with type 2 diabetes. To assess the potential of pramlintide as an antiobesity agent, we assessed the weight effect, safety, and tolerability of pramlintide in non-insulin-treated obese subjects with and without t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2006-2003","pubmedId":"17504894","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/jc.2006-2003","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:24.931Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"c67aa395-c1a6-495e-9bf6-209d561f9091","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Effect of 14 days' subcutaneous administration of the human amylin analogue, pramlintide (AC137), on an intravenous insulin challenge and response to a standard liquid meal in patients with IDDM.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8778001/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Effect of 14 days' subcutaneous administration of the human amylin analogue, pramlintide (AC137), on an intravenous insulin challenge and response to a standard liquid meal in patients with IDDM.\" Abstract excerpt: Individuals with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM or type 1 diabetes) are deficient in both insulin and amylin, peptides secreted by the beta cell. We have investigated the effects of amylin replacement therapy employing the human amylin analogue, pramlintide (25, 28, 29-pro-human amylin, previously referred to as AC137), upon the responses to a standardized insulin infusion (40 mU. kg-1.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1996,"doi":"10.1007/bf00400683","pubmedId":"8778001","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/bf00400683","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:25.008Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"26509a4b-99db-43a2-a26e-66d42883e06c","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Isolation and identification of peptide degradation products of heat stressed pramlintide injection drug product.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9587964/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Isolation and identification of peptide degradation products of heat stressed pramlintide injection drug product.\" Abstract excerpt: This report summarizes the identification of nine deamidation and four hydrolysis products from a sample of pramlintide injection final drug product that was subjected to stress at 40 degrees C for 45 days. The pramlintide degradation products were isolated by strong cation exchange HPLC followed by reversed-phase HPLC. Subsequent to isolation, the molecular weight of each component was determined","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1998,"doi":"10.1023/a:1011934829263","pubmedId":"9587964","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1023/a:1011934829263","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:25.084Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"88bbaee2-03ea-41ff-9714-47dcd5bd2240","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Convergent chemoenzymatic synthesis of a library of glycosylated analogues of pramlintide: structure-activity relationships for amylin receptor agonism.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25030939/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Convergent chemoenzymatic synthesis of a library of glycosylated analogues of pramlintide: structure-activity relationships for amylin receptor agonism.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide (Symlin&#xae;), a synthetic analogue of the naturally occurring pancreatic hormone amylin, is currently used with insulin in adjunctive therapy for type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Herein we report a systematic study into the effect that N-glycosylation of pramlintide has on activation of amylin receptors. A highly efficient convergent synthetic route, involving a combination of so","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1039/c4ob01208a","pubmedId":"25030939","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1039/c4ob01208a","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:25.160Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"8fa2adb3-826e-4e80-8186-3d79abcb17f2","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Amylin and glycaemic regulation: a possible role for the human amylin analogue pramlintide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9212328/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Amylin and glycaemic regulation: a possible role for the human amylin analogue pramlintide.\" Abstract excerpt: Clinical studies with the human amylin analogue, pramlintide, suggest that it may help to improve glycaemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus using insulin. This has been demonstrated by reductions in postprandial glycaemic excursion, 24-h glucose profile and serum fructosamine concentrations following administration of pramlintide for periods of up to 28 days in patients with Type 1 diab","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.1002/(sici)1096-9136(199706)14:2+<s35::aid-dia402>3.3.co;2-#","pubmedId":"9212328","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9136(199706)14:2+<s35::aid-dia402>3.3.co;2-#","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:25.235Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"d0b156c0-099e-4dd8-bdab-ecf6a1008869","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"A randomized study and open-label extension evaluating the long-term efficacy of pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11919132/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"A randomized study and open-label extension evaluating the long-term efficacy of pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: To assess the effect of mealtime amylin replacement with pramlintide on long-term glycemic and weight control in patients with type 1 diabetes. In a 52-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study, 480 patients with type 1 diabetes were randomized to receive preprandial injections of placebo or 30 microg pramlintide q.i.d., in addition to existing insulin regimens. At week 20, pramlin","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.2337/diacare.25.4.724","pubmedId":"11919132","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/diacare.25.4.724","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:25.311Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"0070b8be-958d-49c1-afcb-a2fb30b1721b","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Study reanalysis using a mechanism-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model of pramlintide in subjects with type 1 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23054970/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Study reanalysis using a mechanism-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model of pramlintide in subjects with type 1 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: This report describes a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for pramlintide, an amylinomimetic, in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Plasma glucose and drug concentrations were obtained following bolus and 2-h intravenous infusions of pramlintide at three dose levels or placebo in 25 T1DM subjects during the postprandial period in a crossover study. The original clinical data were reanalyzed by m","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1208/s12248-012-9409-7","pubmedId":"23054970","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1208/s12248-012-9409-7","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:25.388Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"fb219a61-aafe-46bb-b71d-5e136f55da5a","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Isolation and identification of cyclic imide and deamidation products in heat stressed pramlintide injection drug product.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10701984/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Isolation and identification of cyclic imide and deamidation products in heat stressed pramlintide injection drug product.\" Abstract excerpt: This report summarizes the identification of six cyclic imide [Asu] and two deamidation products from a sample of pramlintide final drug product that had been stressed at 40 degrees C for 45 days. The pramlintide degradation products were isolated by cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) followed by reversed-phase HPLC. The isolated components were characterized by mass spe","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1999,"doi":"10.1016/s0731-7085(99)00075-8","pubmedId":"10701984","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0731-7085(99)00075-8","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:25.463Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"4ee77979-2c67-4403-bba0-e83430f578c4","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Orthogonal HPLC methods for quantitating related substances and degradation products of pramlintide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14727855/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Orthogonal HPLC methods for quantitating related substances and degradation products of pramlintide.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide is a 37-amino acid peptide that is being evaluated as a drug candidate for treating people with type 1 and insulin-using type 2 diabetes. Two high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods were developed for quantitating related substance impurities in pramlintide drug substance as well as degradation products of pramlintide formulated for parenteral administration. The methods ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1208/pt010106","pubmedId":"14727855","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1208/pt010106","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:25.540Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"3012266d-baff-4a4d-97c1-996f4002117f","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Recent and emerging therapeutic medications in type 2 diabetes mellitus: incretin-based, Pramlintide, Colesevelam, SGLT2 Inhibitors, Tagatose, Succinobucol.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20838206/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Recent and emerging therapeutic medications in type 2 diabetes mellitus: incretin-based, Pramlintide, Colesevelam, SGLT2 Inhibitors, Tagatose, Succinobucol.\" Abstract excerpt: Nearly 285 million people worldwide, with 10% being Americans, suffer from diabetes mellitus and its associated comorbidities. This is projected to increase by 6.5% per year, with 439 million inflicted by year 2030. Both morbidity and mortality from diabetes stem from the consequences of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Of the 285 million with diabetes, over a quarter of a million di","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1097/mjt.0b013e3181ec9eb2","pubmedId":"20838206","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/mjt.0b013e3181ec9eb2","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:25.617Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"30f974e6-4df9-441e-8e8a-d5ec4ba5c743","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Psychometric properties of an instrument for assessing treatment satisfaction associated with pramlintide use.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19244569/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Psychometric properties of an instrument for assessing treatment satisfaction associated with pramlintide use.\" Abstract excerpt: The clinical benefits of any new treatment depend substantially on patient acceptance and treatment satisfaction, because only well-accepted treatments will be widely used. Thus, it is important to understand how patients experience a new treatment. This study assessed the psychometric properties of a questionnaire (PRAM-TSQ) designed to measure treatment satisfaction in patients using pramlintide","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1177/0145721708326989","pubmedId":"19244569","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/0145721708326989","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:25.696Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"d64b8d80-3875-42ec-b90c-d89a1d923777","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"A temperature-responsive dual-hormone foam nanoengine improves rectal absorptivity of insulin-pramlintide for diabetes treatment.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39196940/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"A temperature-responsive dual-hormone foam nanoengine improves rectal absorptivity of insulin-pramlintide for diabetes treatment.\" Abstract excerpt: Despite the therapeutic benefits of insulin-pramlintide dual-hormone therapy in diabetes, its application potential has been limited due to a lack of efficient delivery routes. Here, we developed a temperature-responsive dual-hormone foam nanoengine (HormFoam) and combined it with a customized spraying device to further construct an in situ foam-generating system for improving the rectal bioavaila","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adn8695","pubmedId":"39196940","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1126/sciadv.adn8695","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:25.771Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"ade665f4-af83-42fa-972e-bf4b81cb337b","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Control of Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes by 24-Hour Fixed-Dose Coadministration of Pramlintide and Regular Human Insulin: A Randomized, Two-Way Crossover Study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30213882/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Control of Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes by 24-Hour Fixed-Dose Coadministration of Pramlintide and Regular Human Insulin: A Randomized, Two-Way Crossover Study.\" Abstract excerpt: Healthy pancreatic &#x3b2;-cells secrete the hormones insulin and amylin in a fixed ratio. Both hormones are lacking in type 1 diabetes, and postprandial glucose control using insulin therapy alone is difficult. This study tested the pharmacodynamic effects of the amylin analog pramlintide and insulin delivered in a fixed ratio over a 24-h period. Patients with type 1 diabetes were stabilized on i","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.2337/dc18-1091","pubmedId":"30213882","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/dc18-1091","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:25.848Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"f80b65cd-26aa-42dc-8928-f0a8f9590086","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Contraction of human brain vascular pericytes in response to islet amyloid polypeptide is reversed by pramlintide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36793056/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Contraction of human brain vascular pericytes in response to islet amyloid polypeptide is reversed by pramlintide.\" Abstract excerpt: The islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), a pancreas-produced peptide, has beneficial functions in its monomeric form. However, IAPP aggregates, related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), are toxic not only for the pancreas, but also for the brain. In the latter, IAPP is often found in vessels, where it is highly toxic for pericytes, mural cells that have contractile properties and regulate capillary","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1186/s13041-023-01013-1","pubmedId":"36793056","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1186/s13041-023-01013-1","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:25.924Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"7fd22221-b33c-4130-a0d7-63aa00ca65bb","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Diabetes distress and its association with clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19049375/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Diabetes distress and its association with clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy.\" Abstract excerpt: This study was designed to assess diabetes-related distress and its association with clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes using basal insulin who were treated with pramlintide. In a 16-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study 211 patients using insulin glargine with or without oral antidiabetes agents were randomized to addition of pramlintide or placebo. Clinical outcomes (chang","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1089/dia.2008.0031","pubmedId":"19049375","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1089/dia.2008.0031","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:25.999Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"7c31c89a-c6fc-40de-a286-5075f22426eb","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Patient reported outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes on basal insulin randomized to addition of mealtime pramlintide or rapid-acting insulin analogs.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20199136/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Patient reported outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes on basal insulin randomized to addition of mealtime pramlintide or rapid-acting insulin analogs.\" Abstract excerpt: To determine whether treatment satisfaction and quality of life were affected by adding mealtime pramlintide or rapid-acting insulin analogs (RAIAs) to basal insulin therapy for patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes. In this 24-week open-label, multicenter study of adults with type 2 diabetes, mealtime pramlintide (PRAM) (120 microg fixed dose; n = 56) or titrated RAIAs (n = 56) wa","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1185/03007991003634759","pubmedId":"20199136","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1185/03007991003634759","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:26.072Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"3970c6ae-c010-4edc-8ce5-b15de2ec7016","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Comparison of the post-meal glucose response to different insulin bolus waveforms in insulin pump- and pre-meal pramlintide-treated type 1 diabetes patients.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20105039/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Comparison of the post-meal glucose response to different insulin bolus waveforms in insulin pump- and pre-meal pramlintide-treated type 1 diabetes patients.\" Abstract excerpt: Both pramlintide and insulin pump waveforms separately provide improved post-meal glucose control. However, when used together there may be a mismatch in actions leading to hypoglycemia. We studied the three currently available waveforms and a \"modified combination wave\" (MC) in pramlintide-treated patients. The MC was a \"square\" (SQ) wave combined with a \"standard\" (ST) bolus that was delayed 1 h","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1089/dia.2009.0096","pubmedId":"20105039","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1089/dia.2009.0096","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:26.147Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"c6646eb1-a52c-42ce-9e7a-c81ad51f1ba5","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Pharmacokinetics of an oral drug (acetaminophen) administered at various times relative to subcutaneous injection of pramlintide in subjects with type 2 diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17463219/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Pharmacokinetics of an oral drug (acetaminophen) administered at various times relative to subcutaneous injection of pramlintide in subjects with type 2 diabetes.\" Abstract excerpt: Pramlintide, an adjunct treatment to mealtime insulin for patients with type 2 and type 1 diabetes, aids glycemic control by suppressing postprandial glucagon secretion, slowing gastric emptying, and enhancing satiety. Because gastric emptying affects oral medication absorption, this placebo-controlled, single-blind, crossover study examined the absorption of 1000 mg of acetaminophen elixir admini","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1177/0091270007300949","pubmedId":"17463219","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/0091270007300949","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:26.224Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"354ea07f-2ee9-42d8-bc56-b8be94d3ffdd","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"[D-Leu-4]-OB3, a synthetic peptide amide with leptin-like activity, augments the effects of orally delivered exenatide and pramlintide acetate on energy balance and glycemic control in insulin-resistant male C57BLK/6-m db/db mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22960403/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"[D-Leu-4]-OB3, a synthetic peptide amide with leptin-like activity, augments the effects of orally delivered exenatide and pramlintide acetate on energy balance and glycemic control in insulin-resistant male C57BLK/6-m db/db mice.\" Abstract excerpt: The escalation predicted for the incidence of both type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity has prompted investigators to search for additional pharmacotherapeutic approaches to their treatment. Two of these approaches, combination pharmacotherapy and utilization of leptin-related bioactive synthetic peptides as anti-diabetes/anti-obesity agents, were used in the present study. Exenatide or pramlintid","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1016/j.regpep.2012.08.006","pubmedId":"22960403","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.regpep.2012.08.006","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:26.299Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"},{"id":"a2cf0d2c-4496-416f-b476-989055e8eac2","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","title":"Mitigating Meal-Related Glycemic Excursions in an Insulin-Sparing Manner During Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery: The Beneficial Effects of Adjunctive Pramlintide and Liraglutide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27208332/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: \"Mitigating Meal-Related Glycemic Excursions in an Insulin-Sparing Manner During Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery: The Beneficial Effects of Adjunctive Pramlintide and Liraglutide.\" Abstract excerpt: Closed-loop (CL) insulin delivery effectively maintains glucose overnight but struggles when challenged with meals. Use of single-day, 30-&#x3bc;g/meal pramlintide lowers meal excursions during CL. We sought to further elucidate the potential benefits of adjunctive agents after 3-4 weeks of outpatient dose titration. Two CL studies were conducted: one evaluating adjunctive pramlintide and the othe","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.2337/dc16-0089","pubmedId":"27208332","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"pramlintide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/dc16-0089","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:26.372Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.332Z"}],"regulatoryStatuses":[{"id":"9462f73a-f08f-4d6a-bfca-e8d7bfef02ff","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","jurisdiction":"European Union — EMA","status":"not_approved","approvedIndication":null,"rationale":"No centrally authorized EMA medicine containing pramlintide was identified in the EMA medicines database as of 2026-09-23. Pramlintide (SYMLIN) is FDA-approved in the United States only. Absence of a record in this search is not proof that no authorization exists via another regulatory pathway (e.g. national member-state authorization outside the centralized procedure). Status remains jurisdiction-, product-, and date-specific.","sourceTitle":"European Medicines Agency medicines database","sourceUrl":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines","dateChecked":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewDueAt":"2026-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","enteredById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","publicationStatus":"published","factualObservationId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:42:18.166Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.429Z"},{"id":"1b174f1d-2079-4f36-8646-b63185b66adb","peptideId":"55179a83-5ea4-4dd8-afca-8af8b9c4f981","jurisdiction":"United States — FDA","status":"approved","approvedIndication":"SYMLIN (pramlintide) is indicated as an adjunctive treatment in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who use mealtime insulin therapy and who have failed to achieve desired glucose control despite optimal insulin therapy. Labeled pediatric use: safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.","rationale":"FDA labeling documents approved SYMLIN (pramlintide acetate) for its labeled use. This older label is an approval source, not a claim that its text is the current prescribing version.","sourceTitle":"FDA SYMLIN (pramlintide acetate) prescribing information","sourceUrl":"https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/021332s025lbl.pdf","dateChecked":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewDueAt":null,"enteredById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","publicationStatus":"published","factualObservationId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:14:37.545Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:35.429Z"}]},{"id":"19f90754-bf7b-4457-8118-15f84ee97aae","slug":"retatrutide","commonName":"Retatrutide","alternativeNames":[],"category":"GIP/GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonist","mechanismSummary":"Retatrutide (LY3437943) is an investigational long-acting peptide engineered to activate GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors. Published early-phase and phase 2 studies report glycemic, body-weight, and liver-fat effects, but retatrutide has no FDA-approved indication. Gray-market products are not validated by these studies.","evidenceQualitySummary":"The governed corpus covers translational and phase 1 proof of concept, phase 2 obesity, phase 2 type 2 diabetes, and a MASLD liver-fat substudy. Human signals are promising but less mature than approved therapies; company toplines are not treated as peer-reviewed evidence.","safetyConcernsSummary":"Published studies most often report dose- and escalation-related gastrointestinal events. Heart-rate changes and dysesthesia have also been reported. Existing trials cannot characterize uncommon or delayed harms. Unapproved products add identity, purity, sterility, concentration, and dosing risks.","archiveSummaryNote":"Investigational reference profile. Only verified peer-reviewed findings count as published outcome evidence.","openQuestionsText":"Priority questions include peer-reviewed phase 3 results; long-term cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, gallbladder, pancreatic, nutritional, and functional outcomes; uncommon harms; withdrawal effects; and comparative effectiveness.","active":true,"createdAt":"2026-08-18T17:25:07.676Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T00:26:41.548Z","entityClass":"peptide_analog","entityClassSource":"human_reviewed","entityClassReviewed":true,"entityClassReviewedBy":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","entityClassReviewedAt":"2026-09-09T00:26:41.548Z","registryStatus":"canonical","registryTier":null,"acquisitionEnabled":true,"publicationState":"published","editorialState":"published","chemistry":{"id":"7e31c97e4a4301585a2e3ac85e456e84","peptideId":"19f90754-bf7b-4457-8118-15f84ee97aae","molecularFormula":"C221H342N46O68","molecularWeight":4731.41,"aminoAcidSequence":"Y-Aib-Q-G-T-F-T-S-D-Y-S-I-MeL-L-D-K-K(AEEA-gammaGlu-C20 diacid)-A-Q-Aib-A-F-I-E-Y-L-L-E-G-G-P-S-S-G-A-P-P-P-Ser-NH2","smiles":null,"inchi":null,"inchikey":"MLOLQJNKXBNWFW-JMUPIODPSA-N","structureImageUrl":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#query=retatrutide","createdAt":"2026-09-08T19:54:15.803Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T19:54:15.803Z"},"citations":[{"id":"21204c93607370b81b8809b51659e570","peptideId":"19f90754-bf7b-4457-8118-15f84ee97aae","title":"Efficacy and Safety of GLP-1 Medicines for Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38843460/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"The development of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) for type 2 diabetes and obesity was followed by data establishing the cardiorenal benefits of GLP-1RA in select patient populations. In ongoing trials investigators are interrogating the efficacy of these agents for new indications, including metabolic liver disease, peripheral artery disease, Parkinson disease, and Alzheimer disease. The success of GLP-1-based medicines has spurred the development of new molecular entities and combinations with unique pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles, exemplified by tirzepatide, a GIP-GLP-1 receptor coagonist. Simultaneously, investigational molecules such as maritide...","authors":"Daniel J Drucker","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.2337/dci24-0003","pubmedId":"38843460","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":"This source contributes systematic_review evidence concerning Efficacy and Safety of GLP-1 Medicines for Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Indirect contextual source that discusses the peptide within a broader therapeutic class; it cannot establish peptide-specific efficacy or safety.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2337/dci24-0003","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:retatrutide:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"systematic_review","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Indirect contextual source that discusses the peptide within a broader therapeutic class; it cannot establish peptide-specific efficacy or safety."],"studyDesign":"Narrative or scoped review","sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","score":53,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Review","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.2337/dci24-0003","pmid":"38843460","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"5b8c2ee049584f023fc17f93e6960cc3","peptideId":"19f90754-bf7b-4457-8118-15f84ee97aae","title":"The promise of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) for the treatment of obesity: a look at phase 2 and 3 pipelines.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40022548/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"GLP-1-based therapies have changed the treatment of overweight/obesity. Liraglutide 3.0 mg daily, the first GLP-1 RA approved for treatment of overweight, induced a weight loss of 6-8%, Semaglutide 2.4 mg once weekly improved weight loss to about 12-15%, while the dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide once weekly has induced a weight loss of about 20% in obese people without diabetes. This review describes results obtained with GLP-1 mono-agonists, GLP-1/GIP dual agonists, GLP-1/glucagon co-agonists, and the triple agonist retatrutide (GIP/GLP-1/glucagon), which have shown beneficial effect both on body weight and steatotic liver disease. A combination of semaglutide (a GLP-1...","authors":"Sten Madsbad, Jens J Holst","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1080/13543784.2025.2472408","pubmedId":"40022548","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":"This source contributes systematic_review evidence concerning The promise of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) for the treatment of obesity: a look at phase 2 and 3 pipelines.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Indirect contextual source that discusses the peptide within a broader therapeutic class; it cannot establish peptide-specific efficacy or safety.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/13543784.2025.2472408","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:retatrutide:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"systematic_review","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Indirect contextual source that discusses the peptide within a broader therapeutic class; 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Retatrutide, an innovative agent, represents a potential advancement in therapy; however, its performance and safety profile specifically in a CKD population are not fully determined yet. This meta-analysis and systematic review sought to consolidate existing research on the use of retatrutide in this comorbid patient group. A comprehensive literature search identified relevant randomized controlled trials for inclusion. Reductions in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and body weight were the primary goals for evaluating effectiveness,...","authors":"Kumari Pallavi, Anshuman Chandra, Keshav Kumar, Kumar Martand, Shyam Sundar Sahu, Lalit Mohan, Anita Verma","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.26574/maedica.2025.20.4.824","pubmedId":"41537067","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":"This source contributes systematic_review evidence concerning Efficacy and Safety of Retatrutide in the Treatment of Diabetes and/or Obesity Comorbid with Chronic Kidney disease: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.26574/maedica.2025.20.4.824","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:retatrutide:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"systematic_review","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods."],"studyDesign":"Narrative or scoped review","sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","score":68,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Review"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.26574/maedica.2025.20.4.824","pmid":"41537067","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"b5b1b5da9e19913043e61dafdd4905d7","peptideId":"19f90754-bf7b-4457-8118-15f84ee97aae","title":"The Triple-Agonist Revolution: Retatrutide and the Paradigm Shift in Multi-Hormonal Pharmacotherapy for Obesity and Cardiometabolic Comorbidities.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41545327/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Obesity has emerged as a global health crisis requiring innovative therapeutic strategies beyond conventional approaches. While glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists have redefined pharmacological management, their limitations necessitate further innovation. Retatrutide (LY3437943), a novel triple agonist targeting GLP-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and glucagon receptors, represents a transformative advance in obesity pharmacotherapy. Phase 2 trials report unprecedented weight reductions, comparable to bariatric surgery, with additional benefits for metabolic comorbidities such as NASH and cardiovascular disease. Retatrutide...","authors":"Nila Ganamurali, Sarvesh Sabarathinam","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1002/cpdd.70001","pubmedId":"41545327","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":"This source contributes systematic_review evidence concerning The Triple-Agonist Revolution: Retatrutide and the Paradigm Shift in Multi-Hormonal Pharmacotherapy for Obesity and Cardiometabolic Comorbidities.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/cpdd.70001","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:retatrutide:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"systematic_review","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods."],"studyDesign":"Narrative or scoped review","sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","score":68,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Review"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1002/cpdd.70001","pmid":"41545327","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"77c668ca92bfea1284f641251bfcf5ce","peptideId":"19f90754-bf7b-4457-8118-15f84ee97aae","title":"Appetite, eating attitudes, and eating behaviours during treatment with retatrutide in adults with type 2 diabetes: Results of a phase 2 study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40916752/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"To determine whether adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) treated with retatrutide report greater changes in self-reported appetite, dietary restraint, and disinhibition compared to placebo or dulaglutide and to examine associations with weight change. These pre-specified exploratory analyses examined changes from baseline in Appetite Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Eating Inventory (EI) scores after 24 and 36 weeks of once-weekly treatment with placebo, dulaglutide 1.5 mg, or retatrutide 0.5, 4, 8, or 12 mg in 275 adults with T2D. Changes from baseline with retatrutide were compared to those with placebo and dulaglutide. Post-hoc correlations between changes in body weight and Appetite...","authors":"Chisom Kanu, Kristina S Boye, Jiat Ling Poon, Iris Goetz, Suzanne Williamson, Jitong Lou, Mark L Hartman, Corby K Martin","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/dom.70097","pubmedId":"40916752","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes human_interventional evidence concerning Appetite, eating attitudes, and eating behaviours during treatment with retatrutide in adults with type 2 diabetes: Results of a phase 2 study.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/dom.70097","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:retatrutide:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"human_interventional","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration."],"studyDesign":"Randomized or controlled human clinical trial","sourceStrength":{"grade":"A","score":86,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Clinical Trial, Phase II","Randomized Controlled Trial"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1111/dom.70097","pmid":"40916752","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"9e5d38fdf25d7ccd2c131a69b9119337","peptideId":"19f90754-bf7b-4457-8118-15f84ee97aae","title":"Decreases in circulating ANGPTL3/8 concentrations following retatrutide treatment parallel reductions in serum lipids.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40726454/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"The aim of this study was to determine if retatrutide, a triple agonist of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor and glucagon (GCG) receptor, may lower serum triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in part by decreasing circulating concentrations of the angiopoietin-like protein 3/8 complex (ANGPTL3/8). In post-hoc analyses of two phase 2 retatrutide trials, concentrations of ANGPTL3/8, ANGPTL4/8 complex (ANGPTL4/8), ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4 were measured using dedicated immunoassays to determine percent changes from baseline. Correlations of ANGPTL protein and complex levels with lipid and...","authors":"Yi Wen, Deven Lemen, Yanzhu Lin, Yan Q Chen, Ajit Regmi, William C Roell, Melissa K Thomas, Mark L Hartman","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/dom.16661","pubmedId":"40726454","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes human_interventional evidence concerning Decreases in circulating ANGPTL3/8 concentrations following retatrutide treatment parallel reductions in serum lipids.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/dom.16661","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:retatrutide:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"human_interventional","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration."],"studyDesign":"Randomized or controlled human clinical trial","sourceStrength":{"grade":"A","score":86,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Clinical Trial, Phase II","Journal Article"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1111/dom.16661","pmid":"40726454","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"cbc65747e0366a349075373e73601d4a","peptideId":"19f90754-bf7b-4457-8118-15f84ee97aae","title":"A review of an investigational drug retatrutide, a novel triple agonist agent for the treatment of obesity.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38367045/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Obesity is one of the critical public health problems in our society. It leads to various health conditions, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. With the rising incidence of obesity, there is a growing demand for new therapies which can effectively manage body weight and improve health. Currently under development, multi-receptor agonist drugs may offer a promising solution to meet this unmet medical need. Retatrutide is a novel triple receptor agonist peptide that targets the glucagon receptor (GCGR), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR), and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor...","authors":"Manmeet Kaur, Saurav Misra","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1007/s00228-024-03646-0","pubmedId":"38367045","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":"This source contributes systematic_review evidence concerning A review of an investigational drug retatrutide, a novel triple agonist agent for the treatment of obesity.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00228-024-03646-0","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:retatrutide:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"systematic_review","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods."],"studyDesign":"Narrative or scoped review","sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","score":68,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Review"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1007/s00228-024-03646-0","pmid":"38367045","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"dc84663398c71cb112352d6a96599beb","peptideId":"19f90754-bf7b-4457-8118-15f84ee97aae","title":"Retatrutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity: an overview.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41785010/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are increasingly used for T2DM and obesity. An electronic search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases. Retatrutide (LY3437943) is a novel triple agonist targeting glucagon receptor (GCGR), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR), and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1 R). In subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), decreased glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by up to 2.16% and decreased fasting glucose by up to 69.1 mg/dL have been seen. Weight loss up to 16.94% was observed in subjects with T2DM. Subjects with overweight or obesity experienced a greater weight loss by up to...","authors":"Theodoros Panou, Evanthia Gouveri, Djordje S Popovic, Nikolaos Papanas","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1080/17512433.2026.2642415","pubmedId":"41785010","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":"This source contributes systematic_review evidence concerning Retatrutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity: an overview.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/17512433.2026.2642415","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:retatrutide:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"systematic_review","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods."],"studyDesign":"Narrative or scoped review","sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","score":68,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Review"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1080/17512433.2026.2642415","pmid":"41785010","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"580747886e17110272c71dcdfab5c859","peptideId":"19f90754-bf7b-4457-8118-15f84ee97aae","title":"Efficacy and safety of triple hormone receptor agonist retatrutide for the management of obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39817343/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Retatrutide is a novel triple hormone receptor agonist which has shown great promise in tackling obesity in preliminary trials. We did this systematic review and meta-analysis to pool the results of all available trials and ascertain its safety and efficacy in the treatment of obesity. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Central and Embase using appropriate search terms and randomized control trials (RCTs) were identified which reported the safety and efficacy of retatrutide. Data was pooled using mean differences for continuous variables and risk ratios for the safety profile in RStudio. After the initial search four RCTs were included in the analysis which compared...","authors":"Jay Tewari, Khalid Ahmad Qidwai, Ajoy Tewari, Savneet Kaur, Vineeta Tewari, Anuj Maheshwari","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1080/17512433.2025.2450254","pubmedId":"39817343","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":"This source contributes meta_analysis evidence concerning Efficacy and safety of triple hormone receptor agonist retatrutide for the management of obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/17512433.2025.2450254","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:retatrutide:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"meta_analysis","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods."],"studyDesign":"Systematic review and meta-analysis","sourceStrength":{"grade":"A","score":83,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Meta-Analysis","Systematic Review"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1080/17512433.2025.2450254","pmid":"39817343","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"606e78a5d41423f736d42fd0d13995de","peptideId":"19f90754-bf7b-4457-8118-15f84ee97aae","title":"Retatrutide showing promise in obesity (and type 2 diabetes).","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37947489/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoarthritis, and some cancers. Retatrutide stimulates Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptors, and glucagon receptors, and is being developed for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. A phase 2 clinical trial of retatrutide (LY3437943) in the treatment of obesity. The primary end point was percentage change in weight from baseline to 24 weeks, which ranged from -7.2% to -~18% as the dose of retatrutide increased from 1 mg to 12 mg. The most frequent adverse events were gastrointestinal (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting). The results for retatrutide in phase 2...","authors":"Sheila A Doggrell","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1080/13543784.2023.2283020","pubmedId":"37947489","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":"This source contributes systematic_review evidence concerning Retatrutide showing promise in obesity (and type 2 diabetes).","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/13543784.2023.2283020","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:retatrutide:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"systematic_review","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods."],"studyDesign":"Narrative or scoped review","sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","score":68,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Review"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1080/13543784.2023.2283020","pmid":"37947489","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"3974ef681be8cd2fee1336b26ce3001e","peptideId":"19f90754-bf7b-4457-8118-15f84ee97aae","title":"Efficacy of Tirzepatide, Retatrutide, and Semaglutide for Weight Loss in Obese Individuals Without Diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40583149/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"PubMed-indexed narrative or scoped review addressing: Efficacy of Tirzepatide, Retatrutide, and Semaglutide for Weight Loss in Obese Individuals Without Diabetes.","authors":"Bastu Adebayo Olowo-Oribi, Richard James Salway","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/acem.70088","pubmedId":"40583149","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":"This source contributes systematic_review evidence concerning Efficacy of Tirzepatide, Retatrutide, and Semaglutide for Weight Loss in Obese Individuals Without Diabetes.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/acem.70088","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:retatrutide:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"systematic_review","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods."],"studyDesign":"Narrative or scoped review","sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","score":63,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Review"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1111/acem.70088","pmid":"40583149","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"71b362eac3b5eae01585c7fb83fd3ab8","peptideId":"19f90754-bf7b-4457-8118-15f84ee97aae","title":"Efficacy and safety of retatrutide for the treatment of obesity: a systematic review of clinical trials.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40728138/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Obesity is a major public health issue linked to various health complications. Retatrutide, a triple agonist peptide targeting the glucagon receptor, GIP receptor, and GLP-1 receptor, shows promise in addressing this need. This systematic review assessed the safety and efficacy of retatrutide for obesity treatment using available clinical trial data. We conducted a comprehensive search of databases, including PubMed, Cochrane and ClinicalTrials.gov, from their inception until March 15, 2025 following PRISMA guidelines. Three articles were included in this systematic review, screening a total of 1,082 patients, with 691 randomly assigned to groups. The average age of participants was...","authors":"Saurav Misra, Ravi Kant Narayan, Manmeet Kaur","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1515/jbcpp-2025-0113","pubmedId":"40728138","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":"This source contributes systematic_review evidence concerning Efficacy and safety of retatrutide for the treatment of obesity: a systematic review of clinical trials.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1515/jbcpp-2025-0113","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:retatrutide:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"systematic_review","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods."],"studyDesign":"Systematic review","sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","score":79,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Systematic Review"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1515/jbcpp-2025-0113","pmid":"40728138","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"044665390a1dabff95f8e8b9bbdaaa1d","peptideId":"19f90754-bf7b-4457-8118-15f84ee97aae","title":"The power of three: Retatrutide's role in modern obesity and diabetes therapy.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39515565/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"The increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus has resulted in a significant challenge to public health throughout the globe. It required the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Retatrutide is a groundbreaking triple agonist that targets glucagon receptors, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, and glucagon-like peptide-1. Retatrutide's complex mechanism of action involves a synergistic interaction among these receptors, resulting in increased insulin secretion, improved glucose homeostasis, and refined appetite modulation. Clinical trials in phases 1 to 3 have demonstrated significant efficacy, highlighted by significant reductions in body weight and favorable...","authors":"Toufik Abdul-Rahman, Poulami Roy, Fatma Kamal Ahmed, Jann Ludwig Mueller-Gomez, Sarmistha Sarkar, Neil Garg, Victor Oluwafemi Femi-Lawal, Andrew Awuah Wireko","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.177095","pubmedId":"39515565","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":"This source contributes systematic_review evidence concerning The power of three: Retatrutide's role in modern obesity and diabetes therapy.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.177095","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:retatrutide:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"systematic_review","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods."],"studyDesign":"Narrative or scoped review","sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","score":68,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Review"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.177095","pmid":"39515565","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"e49202e342f9783b90980ea411d18680","peptideId":"19f90754-bf7b-4457-8118-15f84ee97aae","title":"Effects of once-weekly subcutaneous retatrutide on weight and metabolic markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39318607/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"To assess the effects of once-weekly subcutaneous retatrutide on weight and metabolic markers and the occurrence of side effects in patients with overweight, obesity and/or type 2 diabetes (T2D). PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were systematically searched for placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published up until February 23, 2024. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) for continuous outcomes and risk ratios (RRs) for binary endpoints were computed, with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). A total of three studies were included, comprising 640 patients, of whom 510 were prescribed retatrutide. Compared with placebo, retatrutide significantly...","authors":"Eric Pasqualotto, Rafael Oliva Morgado Ferreira, Matheus Pedrotti Chavez, Alexandre Hohl, Marcelo Fernando Ronsoni, Tales Pasqualotto, Francisco Cezar Aquino de Moraes, Larissa Hespanhol","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100321","pubmedId":"39318607","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":"This source contributes systematic_review evidence concerning Effects of once-weekly subcutaneous retatrutide on weight and metabolic markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.metop.2024.100321","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:retatrutide:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"systematic_review","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods."],"studyDesign":"Narrative or scoped review","sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","score":68,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Review"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100321","pmid":"39318607","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"1dff1b908f69f5450bce696643481047","peptideId":"19f90754-bf7b-4457-8118-15f84ee97aae","title":"Efficacy and Safety of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, Dual Agonists, and Retatrutide for Weight Loss in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Bayesian NMA.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40685589/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"To compare the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), dual agonists (GLP-1RAs/GIP or GCGR), and retatrutide (GLP-1/GIP/glucagon) for weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity. We conducted a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) of 19 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including 29,506 adults (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2), assessing liraglutide, semaglutide, survodutide, tirzepatide, retatrutide, and placebo. Outcomes included mean weight loss, achievement of ≥ 5%, ≥ 10%, and ≥ 15% weight loss, waist circumference (WC), BMI, and adverse events (AEs) at ≥ 36 weeks. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses evaluated the impact of diabetes status, sex, age,...","authors":"Binayak Sinha, Samit Ghosal","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1002/oby.24360","pubmedId":"40685589","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":"This source contributes systematic_review evidence concerning Efficacy and Safety of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, Dual Agonists, and Retatrutide for Weight Loss in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Bayesian NMA.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/oby.24360","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:retatrutide:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"systematic_review","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods."],"studyDesign":"Systematic review","sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","score":79,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Network Meta-Analysis","Systematic Review"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1002/oby.24360","pmid":"40685589","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"5709a576bd8ca10733ccae6e8a196981","peptideId":"19f90754-bf7b-4457-8118-15f84ee97aae","title":"Efficacy and safety of retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist, in people with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycaemic control with diet and exercise (TRANSCEND-T2D-1): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42250575/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"Retatrutide is a GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon triple hormone receptor agonist, under clinical development for type 2 diabetes, obesity, and related complications. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of retatrutide as a monotherapy in people with type 2 diabetes that is inadequately controlled by diet and exercise alone. In this 40-week, phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at 48 sites in the USA, Mexico, and India, we recruited adults (aged ≥18 years) with type 2 diabetes that is inadequately controlled by diet and exercise alone, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) between 7·0% and 9·5% (53-80 mmol/mol), and BMI of at least 23 kg/m2. Participants were randomly...","authors":"Harpreet S Bajaj, Michelle Welch, Parag Shah, Eduardo Luna, Fatima-Zahra Jaouimaa, Bing Liu, Rong Liu, Yanyun Chen","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/S0140-6736(26)00967-0","pubmedId":"42250575","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes human_interventional evidence concerning Efficacy and safety of retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist, in people with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycaemic control with diet and exercise (TRANSCEND-T2D-1): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00967-0","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:retatrutide:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"human_interventional","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration."],"studyDesign":"Randomized or controlled human clinical trial","sourceStrength":{"grade":"A","score":91,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Randomized Controlled Trial","Clinical Trial, Phase III","Multicenter Study"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1016/S0140-6736(26)00967-0","pmid":"42250575","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"833dc4cb861e734e5f0bcba2d0016bc5","peptideId":"19f90754-bf7b-4457-8118-15f84ee97aae","title":"Efficacy and safety of retatrutide, a novel GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptor agonist for obesity treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40291085/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Retatrutide is a novel triple agonist targeting the receptors of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), and glucagon. We sought to assess the efficacy and safety of retatrutide in obese patients with or without diabetes. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched from inception until May 2024. Eligible studies comprised randomized controlled trials that compared retatrutide with placebo in obese patients. We excluded studies on healthy populations, non-English texts, single-arm studies, animal studies, and abstracts. RevMan software (version 5.4) was used for analysis, with subgroup evaluation by dose (4 mg, 8 mg, 12 mg). 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This substudy assessed percent change from baseline to week 36 in total body fat mass versus placebo and dulaglutide. This phase 2, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, randomised controlled trial was done in 42 medical centres in the USA. Eligible participants were adults aged 18-75 years with type 2 diabetes, HbA1c of 7·0-10·5%, stable bodyweight, and BMI of 25-50 kg/m2. Eligible participants were randomly assigned in a 2:2:2:1:1:1:1:2 ratio to once-weekly...","authors":"Tamer Coskun, Qiwei Wu, Nanette C Schloot, Axel Haupt, Zvonko Milicevic, Courtney Khouli, Charles Harris","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/S2213-8587(25)00092-0","pubmedId":"40609566","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes human_interventional evidence concerning Effects of retatrutide on body composition in people with type 2 diabetes: a substudy of a phase 2, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, randomised trial.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(25)00092-0","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:retatrutide:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"human_interventional","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration."],"studyDesign":"Randomized or controlled human clinical trial","sourceStrength":{"grade":"A","score":86,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Randomized Controlled Trial","Clinical Trial, Phase II","Multicenter Study"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1016/S2213-8587(25)00092-0","pmid":"40609566","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"8d71fb2521055ccecb4170c34c2e8f0f","peptideId":"19f90754-bf7b-4457-8118-15f84ee97aae","title":"Retatrutide-A Game Changer in Obesity Pharmacotherapy.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40563436/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are global health crises with significant morbidity and mortality. 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Retatrutide's unique molecular structure enables potent activation of GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors, leading to significant weight reduction, improved glycemic control, and favorable metabolic...","authors":"Vasiliki Katsi, Georgios Koutsopoulos, Christos Fragoulis, Kyriakos Dimitriadis, Konstantinos Tsioufis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3390/biom15060796","pubmedId":"40563436","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":"This source contributes systematic_review evidence concerning Retatrutide-A Game Changer in Obesity Pharmacotherapy.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/biom15060796","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:retatrutide:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"systematic_review","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Secondary synthesis; 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Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"I I Kozlovskii; N D Danchev","publishingOrg":"Neuroscience and behavioral physiology","publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1023/a:1024444321191","pubmedId":"14552529","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:42:03.311Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1023/a:1024444321191","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:03.311Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"animal_in_vivo","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1023/a:1024444321191","pmid":"14552529","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:03.311Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"0e03c3cb-2432-55bd-815f-d5a4f53ce0a5","peptideId":"2fb75076-4851-455e-8413-6d803c7d0c70","title":"[Experimental optimization of learning and memory processes by selank].","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20919548/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"PubMed-indexed journal article examining [experimental optimization of learning and memory processes by selank]. 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Machine-staged source candidate; findings and limitations require accountable review before publication.","authors":"L G Kolik; A V Nadorova; T A Antipova; S V Kruglov; V S Kudrin; A D Durnev","publishingOrg":"Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine","publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1007/s10517-019-04588-9","pubmedId":"31625062","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-09T11:42:03.311Z","editorialNotes":"Machine-staged candidate; no human approval asserted.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"codex-governed-profile-batch-10-2026-09-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s10517-019-04588-9","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:03.311Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":"animal_in_vivo","extractionPayload":{"sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true},"publicationTypes":"Journal Article"},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1007/s10517-019-04588-9","pmid":"31625062","provider":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"pmidResolved":true,"humanReviewed":false,"identityResolved":true,"publicationApproved":false},"engineState":"candidate","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-09T11:42:03.311Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T19:33:05.147Z"},{"id":"e50aa4be-a8e3-55a6-bfa8-0fee7fa780ad","peptideId":"2fb75076-4851-455e-8413-6d803c7d0c70","title":"[Comparison of the effects of selank and tuftsin on the metabolism of serotonin in the brain of rats pretreated with PCPA].","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19803361/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"PubMed-indexed comparative study; journal article examining [comparison of the effects of selank and tuftsin on the metabolism of serotonin in the brain of rats pretreated with pcpa]. 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The corpus distinguishes formulation, dose, population, endpoint, duration, and study design; it also preserves gastrointestinal tolerability, discontinuation, retinopathy, gallbladder, withdrawal-regain, and generalizability qualifications. Evidence is source-level rather than exhaustive: each retained record has a verified DOI/PMID or official FDA identity, a bounded claim, limitations, provenance, and a promotion decision.","safetyConcernsSummary":"Safety is indication- and product-specific. Current U.S. Wegovy labeling carries a boxed warning concerning thyroid C-cell tumors observed in rodents; the relevance to humans is unknown, and the product is contraindicated in people with a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or MEN 2. Labelled warnings and precautions include acute pancreatitis, acute gallbladder disease, hypoglycemia with insulin or insulin secretagogues, acute kidney injury due to volume depletion, severe gastrointestinal adverse reactions, hypersensitivity, diabetic-retinopathy complications in people with type 2 diabetes, increased heart rate, and pulmonary aspiration during general anesthesia or deep sedation. This summary is informational, not individualized medical advice; current product labeling and a qualified clinician are the controlling resources.","archiveSummaryNote":"Flagship semaglutide reference profile. Governed sources are selected for decision relevance and program coverage, not to imply that the broader literature contains only the records displayed. 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Conclusions inherit the designs, populations, durations, and quality of the included trials.","sourceStrength":{"note":"Automated baseline based on evidence tier; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise it","grade":"A","score":90,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true}},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.15605/jafes.037.02.14","pmid":"36578889","reviewAsset":"aiReviewFirst10.json"},"validationGates":{"doiResolved":true,"pmidResolved":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T17:21:53.433Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"a9bbd4d4-d998-43ce-9627-5e0b95fd4e50","peptideId":"d8413984-163f-4dd7-be25-d1ec492ff769","title":"The Discovery and Development of Liraglutide and Semaglutide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31031702/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"This narrative review describes semaglutide molecular design, albumin-binding protraction, GLP-1 receptor pharmacology, and clinical development. 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At week 68, estimated mean weight change was -16.0% versus -5.7%; gastrointestinal events were more frequent with semaglutide.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1001/jama.2021.1831","pubmedId":"33625476","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T17:41:50.436Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted evidence synthesis; Owner-authorized governed semaglutide corpus expansion on 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-semaglutide-reference-corpus-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1001/jama.2021.1831","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T17:41:50.436Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:semaglutide-reference-corpus:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"human_interventional","extractionPayload":{"finding":"At 68 weeks, semaglutide plus intensive behavioral therapy produced greater mean weight reduction than placebo plus the same intervention; gastrointestinal adverse events were more frequent.","summary":"In STEP 3, 611 adults without diabetes received intensive behavioral therapy and an initial low-calorie diet plus semaglutide 2.4 mg or placebo. At week 68, estimated mean weight change was -16.0% versus -5.7%; gastrointestinal events were more frequent with semaglutide.","population":"Adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes","sampleSize":"611","limitations":["Controlled duration was 68 weeks; both groups received intensive behavioral therapy and an initial low-calorie diet; sponsor involvement and studied eligibility criteria limit generalization."],"studyDesign":"Randomized double-blind phase 3a placebo-controlled trial","sourceStrength":{"note":"Automated baseline based on evidence tier; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise it","grade":"A","score":90,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true}},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1001/jama.2021.1831","pmid":"33625476","reviewBatch":"semaglutide-reference-corpus-2026-09-08"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T17:41:50.436Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"0c53eb01-7e83-445a-8567-baa0f0f554f0","peptideId":"d8413984-163f-4dd7-be25-d1ec492ff769","title":"Effect of Continued Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Placebo on Weight Loss Maintenance in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: The STEP 4 Randomized Clinical Trial","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33755728/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"After a 20-week semaglutide run-in, 803 adults were randomized to continue semaglutide 2.4 mg or switch to placebo for 48 weeks. 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Continued treatment led to further weight loss while switching to placebo led to weight regain.","population":"Adults with overweight or obesity who tolerated and completed a 20-week semaglutide run-in","sampleSize":"803","limitations":["Enriched randomized population included only run-in completers who tolerated treatment; withdrawal design does not estimate initiation effects in an unselected population."],"studyDesign":"Randomized double-blind withdrawal phase 3a trial","sourceStrength":{"note":"Automated baseline based on evidence tier; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise it","grade":"A","score":90,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","provisional":true}},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1001/jama.2021.3224","pmid":"33755728","reviewBatch":"semaglutide-reference-corpus-2026-09-08"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T17:41:50.436Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"97a06214-0f56-4a3f-82dc-14be589edf0f","peptideId":"d8413984-163f-4dd7-be25-d1ec492ff769","title":"Two-year effects of semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity: the STEP 5 trial","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36216945/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"STEP 5 randomized 304 adults without diabetes to semaglutide 2.4 mg or placebo for 104 weeks. 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METHODS: AAV-Tbeta(4) was prepared and intracolonically used to mediate the secretory …","authors":"Zheng XY, Lv YF, Li S, Li Q, Zhang QN, Zhang XT, Hao ZM.","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.3748/wjg.v23.i2.242","pubmedId":"28127198","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted corpus expansion authorized by owner on 2026-09-08. 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Thymosin beta 4 (Tbeta(4)) is an actin-sequestering peptide known to bind monomeric actin and inhibit its polymeriza …","authors":"Song K, Han HJ, Kim S, Kwon J.","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172891","pubmedId":"31877278","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T19:33:45.384Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted corpus expansion authorized by owner on 2026-09-08. 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Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This publication addresses Teduglutide in the specific setting identified in its title.","supportNature":"Screened source-level context; specific outcomes and evidence tier await appraisal.","qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s40265-017-0703-7","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:13:16.219Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"94a7e03d-fc46-48d5-bf9d-4fc8ab80ce71","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"[Statement of the German Society of Gastroenterology, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (DGVS) for teduglutide-benefit assessment according to § 35a SGB V the G-BA].","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25821868/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"[Statement of the German Society of Gastroenterology, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (DGVS) for teduglutide-benefit assessment according to § 35a SGB V the G-BA].\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1055/s-0034-1397528","pubmedId":"25821868","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1055/s-0034-1397528","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:32.864Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"498838a0-2bd3-44c4-b852-9f947de4389d","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"GLP-2 analog Teduglutide in active Crohn's disease and short bowel syndrome: Confirmation of anti-inflammatory role and future perspectives.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32340888/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"GLP-2 analog Teduglutide in active Crohn's disease and short bowel syndrome: Confirmation of anti-inflammatory role and future perspectives.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.dld.2020.03.019","pubmedId":"32340888","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.dld.2020.03.019","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:27.803Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"ad756ea8-7206-4cce-96ef-058776a499d4","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Response to \"Teduglutide and Intestinal Permeability in Short Bowel Syndrome\".","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27875269/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Response to \"Teduglutide and Intestinal Permeability in Short Bowel Syndrome\".\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1177/0148607116637848","pubmedId":"27875269","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/0148607116637848","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:27.880Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"60b6e063-92cb-42c1-9bac-cbf85c5953ab","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Enteral Autonomy with Teduglutide Treatment of Intestinal Failure/Short Bowel Syndrome with Depleted Central Venous Access.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28993968/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Enteral Autonomy with Teduglutide Treatment of Intestinal Failure/Short Bowel Syndrome with Depleted Central Venous Access.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1007/s10620-017-4780-y","pubmedId":"28993968","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s10620-017-4780-y","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:28.031Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"03507f3f-961f-4ee1-b8d8-4e8b11b3b05d","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide in pediatric patients under 10 kg with short bowel syndrome on parenteral support: An open-label study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41454663/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide in pediatric patients under 10 kg with short bowel syndrome on parenteral support: An open-label study.\" Abstract excerpt: Patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS)-associated intestinal failure (SBS-IF) are dependent on parenteral support (PS). In Japan, teduglutide is the only GLP-2 analog medicine indicated for these patients. There are limited data for pediatric patients, especially those with a low body weight. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of teduglutide in Japanese pediatric patients with SBS-IF (","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/ped.70301","pubmedId":"41454663","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=132, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/ped.70301","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:24.790Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"0fbd611c-0a6b-413d-823f-85cda226cf7c","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide improves liver chemistries in short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure: Post hoc analysis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38491966/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide improves liver chemistries in short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure: Post hoc analysis.\" Abstract excerpt: Chronic hepatic complications are common in patients with short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure (SBS-IF). Teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-2 analogue, demonstrated efficacy in reducing parenteral nutrition and/or intravenous fluid dependence among patients with SBS-IF in phase 3 clinical studies. This was a post hoc analysis of pooled data from two separate randomized, double-blin","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1002/ncp.11139","pubmedId":"38491966","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=119, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/ncp.11139","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:24.861Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"0f9d6fba-6c9c-4699-a62e-112d5d2c5516","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide in short bowel syndrome patients: A way back to normal life?","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34614239/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide in short bowel syndrome patients: A way back to normal life?\" Abstract excerpt: The glucagon-like peptide 2 analogue teduglutide is an effective drug for the treatment of short bowel syndrome patients with intestinal failure (SBS-IF). This intestinotrophic peptide improves intestinal capacity for fluid and nutrient absorption through induction of mucosal growth and reduction of gastrointestinal motility. Clinical trials demonstrated the efficacy of teduglutide in reducing the","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1002/jpen.2272","pubmedId":"34614239","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=37, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/jpen.2272","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:24.932Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"b766751a-0dd3-478d-a261-22cb79c61a32","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide for the treatment of low-output enterocutaneous fistula - A pilot randomized controlled study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35871951/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide for the treatment of low-output enterocutaneous fistula - A pilot randomized controlled study.\" Abstract excerpt: Enterocutaneous fistula (ECF) is a complication of surgery or inflammatory bowel disease associated with disproportionately high healthcare costs, morbidity, and mortality. We performed this proof-of-concept, feasibility, open-label, pilot randomized, crossover study to assess the efficacy and safety of the use of teduglutide (TED) to treat ECF. Adults (age &gt;18) with low-output (&lt;200&#xa0;mL","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.04.031","pubmedId":"35871951","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=316, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.04.031","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:25.005Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"e39e55e6-4f2c-4133-a82d-6a6e0425ef43","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide for the treatment of adults with intestinal failure associated with short bowel syndrome: pooled safety data from four clinical trials.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32341691/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide for the treatment of adults with intestinal failure associated with short bowel syndrome: pooled safety data from four clinical trials.\" Abstract excerpt: In multiple clinical studies, teduglutide reduced parenteral support (PS) with a consistent safety profile in adults with short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure (SBS-IF). The objective of this study was to assess adverse events (AEs) from a pooled data set. Safety data from four prospective clinical trials of teduglutide in patients with SBS-IF were assimilated. AEs were evaluated in p","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1177/1756284820905766","pubmedId":"32341691","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=30, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/1756284820905766","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:25.077Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"491761e9-9ef3-450b-973e-d9e9fe99a237","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide for the treatment of short bowel syndrome - a safety evaluation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29848084/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide for the treatment of short bowel syndrome - a safety evaluation.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide is an analog of glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) which is approved for the treatment of patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) who are dependent on parenteral support. Areas covered: Short bowel syndrome is a rare condition that can result from extensive resection of small bowel, congenital abnormalities, or inflammatory conditions that leads to poor nutrient processing capacity of th","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1080/14740338.2018.1483332","pubmedId":"29848084","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/14740338.2018.1483332","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:25.149Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"7105e036-63bb-4bc0-b853-9985f0a71b64","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide-Stimulated Intestinal Adaptation Is Complemented and Synergistically Enhanced by Partial Enteral Nutrition in a Neonatal Piglet Model of Short Bowel Syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26304601/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide-Stimulated Intestinal Adaptation Is Complemented and Synergistically Enhanced by Partial Enteral Nutrition in a Neonatal Piglet Model of Short Bowel Syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) analogue, is available for long-term use by parenteral nutrition (PN)-dependent adults to promote intestinal adaptation but is not approved for use in pediatric patients. The objective of this study was to assess teduglutide-stimulated induced intestinal adaptation, potential synergies with partial enteral nutrition (PEN), and distinct temporal marker","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1177/0148607115602891","pubmedId":"26304601","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/0148607115602891","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:25.221Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"6c6f36d0-362d-4989-a1ee-f3c013b78986","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide: a guide to its use in short bowel syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25859983/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide: a guide to its use in short bowel syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide (Gattex(&#xae;)) is a recombinant analogue of human glucagon-like peptide-2 and is indicated for the treatment of adults with short bowel syndrome (SBS) dependent on parenteral support (PS). In a pivotal, 24-week clinical trial in SBS patients, subcutaneous teduglutide 0.05 mg/kg once daily increased absorption from the remnant intestine as evidenced by significant reductions in PS vol","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1007/s40261-015-0286-6","pubmedId":"25859983","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s40261-015-0286-6","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:25.301Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"dd525955-d60b-4efa-bb0f-264fa3fe13df","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide for the Treatment of Short Bowel Syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24871569/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide for the Treatment of Short Bowel Syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and safety of the newly approved drug, teduglutide, for the treatment of short bowel syndrome (SBS). Literature was retrieved through PubMed (1966-March 2014) using the search term teduglutide. The authors applied the filters Humans and English language, resulting in 47 publications. The authors reviewed the 47 citations to extract t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1177/1060028014537468","pubmedId":"24871569","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=104, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/1060028014537468","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:25.373Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"bbb57660-bdd4-4f64-81e8-58fd30185141","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide: a review of its use in the treatment of patients with short bowel syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23729002/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide: a review of its use in the treatment of patients with short bowel syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: The recombinant analogue of human glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) teduglutide (Gattex(&#xae;), Revestive(&#xae;)) is a novel therapy for short bowel syndrome (SBS). GLP-2 is a naturally occurring hormone that regulates the growth, proliferation and maintenance of cells lining the gastrointestinal tract. Subcutaneous teduglutide is the first long-term medical therapy approved for the treatment of a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1007/s40265-013-0070-y","pubmedId":"23729002","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=66, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s40265-013-0070-y","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:25.445Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"2515dfc7-011d-4b9f-9a37-99bc23b8ec2a","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide reduces need for parenteral support among patients with short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22982184/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide reduces need for parenteral support among patients with short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 2 analogue, might restore intestinal structural and functional integrity by promoting growth of the mucosa and reducing gastric emptying and secretion. These factors could increase fluid and nutrient absorption in patients with short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure (SBS-IF). We performed a prospective study to determine whether teduglutide reduces parent","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2012.09.007","pubmedId":"22982184","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.09.007","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:25.518Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"52c56009-f13f-4d58-9798-cb11c69680a8","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide, a novel mucosally active analog of glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) for the treatment of moderate to severe Crohn's disease.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19821509/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide, a novel mucosally active analog of glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) for the treatment of moderate to severe Crohn's disease.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide, an analog of glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), is associated with trophic effects on gut mucosa. Its role in the treatment of active Crohn's disease (CD) was assessed in a pilot, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, dose-ranging study. Subjects with moderate-to-severe CD were randomized 1:1:1:1 to placebo or 1 of 3 doses of teduglutide (0.05, 0.10, or 0.20 mg/kg daily) deliv","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1002/ibd.21117","pubmedId":"19821509","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/ibd.21117","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:25.594Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"0e5740ef-cc65-42d0-8118-7eb44c8c970e","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-2 analog for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, including short bowel syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21154171/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-2 analog for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, including short bowel syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a potent intestinotrophic growth factor with therapeutic potential for the prevention or treatment of an expanding number of gastrointestinal diseases, including short bowel syndrome (SBS). Teduglutide, being developed by NPS Allelix and licensee Nycomed, is a protease-resistant analog of GLP-2 for the potential treatment of gastrointestinal disease. Teduglutide ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"21154171","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=225, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:21154171","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:25.667Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"dfed7d7f-b8d1-4298-83e3-8b2090be0a7c","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide for the treatment of short bowel syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16705029/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide for the treatment of short bowel syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: To summarize the pharmacology, development, and clinical application of teduglutide (ALX-0600), a glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) analog for the treatment of short bowel syndrome (SBS). Clinical literature, including both primary sources and review articles, was accessed through a search of the MEDLINE databases (1980-March 2006). Key search terms included teduglutide, ALX-0600, glucagon-like pept","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1345/aph.1g419","pubmedId":"16705029","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=72, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1345/aph.1g419","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:25.741Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"e5d270f2-d792-46ce-bdb0-a8a82e239b42","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide (ALX-0600), a dipeptidyl peptidase IV resistant glucagon-like peptide 2 analogue, improves intestinal function in short bowel syndrome patients.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16099790/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide (ALX-0600), a dipeptidyl peptidase IV resistant glucagon-like peptide 2 analogue, improves intestinal function in short bowel syndrome patients.\" Abstract excerpt: Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) may improve intestinal absorption in short bowel syndrome (SBS) patients with an end jejunostomy. Teduglutide (ALX-0600), a dipeptidyl peptidase IV resistant GLP-2 analogue, prolongs the intestinotrophic properties of GLP-2 in animal models. The safety and effect of teduglutide were investigated in SBS patients with and without a colon in continuity. Teduglutide was","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1136/gut.2004.061440","pubmedId":"16099790","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=130, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1136/gut.2004.061440","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:25.813Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"d3271f23-7aec-41db-9c62-4e87e9fc4524","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide use in haemodialysis-dependent renal failure from secondary hyperoxaluria in short bowel syndrome and type 3 intestinal failure - A case report.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41852601/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide use in haemodialysis-dependent renal failure from secondary hyperoxaluria in short bowel syndrome and type 3 intestinal failure - A case report.\" Abstract excerpt: Renal impairment is common in patients receiving long-term home parenteral nutrition (HPN) for short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure (SBS-IF). While glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) analogues like teduglutide are effective in reducing parenteral support (PS) requirements, data on their use in advanced stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) or haemodialysis are scarce. We describe a 66-year","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.intf.2026.100364","pubmedId":"41852601","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=209, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.intf.2026.100364","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:25.885Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"6e206eb1-820b-42de-be48-e1eda0ebd811","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide in adults with short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure: A descriptive cohort study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40515554/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide in adults with short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure: A descriptive cohort study.\" Abstract excerpt: International evidence supports the efficacy of teduglutide in reducing parenteral support requirements, or achieving enteral autonomy, in patients with short bowel syndrome-intestinal failure. This is a multicenter observational study presenting the real-world experience with teduglutide in Australia. 11 of 12 Australian intestinal rehabilitation units submitted data for 19 adult patients with sh","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1002/jpen.2786","pubmedId":"40515554","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=48, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/jpen.2786","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:25.957Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"35ef5def-6e4b-4dc1-9fa1-4ef5b3e8135d","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide effects on gene regulation of fibrogenesis on an animal model of intestinal anastomosis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28807218/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide effects on gene regulation of fibrogenesis on an animal model of intestinal anastomosis.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide is an enterotrophic analog of glucagon-like peptide 2 approved for the rehabilitation of short-bowel syndrome. This study aims to analyze the effects of teduglutide administration on the gene regulation of fibrogenesis during the intestinal anastomotic healing on an animal model. Wistar rats (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;62) were assigned into four groups: \"Ileal Resection and Anastomosis\" or \"Laparo","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2017.04.022","pubmedId":"28807218","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jss.2017.04.022","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:26.028Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"7f633c6c-bb67-46c2-9099-51f41b97f454","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide for the treatment of short bowel syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24191254/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide for the treatment of short bowel syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) decreases gastric and intestinal motility, reduces gastric secretions, promotes intestinal growth and improves post-resection structural and functional adaptation in short bowel syndrome (SBS). Teduglutide, an analogue of GLP-2, has a prolonged half-life and provides intestinotrophic effects with once-daily subcutaneous injection in patients with SBS. This monograph","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1358/dot.2013.49.10.2017025","pubmedId":"24191254","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=226, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1358/dot.2013.49.10.2017025","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:26.100Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"e3269b7c-dc4c-4bb6-92a2-68c30ea42519","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 2 analogue: a novel protective agent with anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant properties in mice with lung injury.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23059393/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 2 analogue: a novel protective agent with anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant properties in mice with lung injury.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide is a long-acting synthetic analogue of human glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2). GLP-2 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis as well as normal physiology in the gastrointestinal tract. In the present study, possible cytoprotective and reparative effects of teduglutide were analyzed on a mouse model with lung injury induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-&#x3b1;) and actinomycin ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2012.09.030","pubmedId":"23059393","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2012.09.030","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:26.173Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"204a4c65-af27-4c96-a886-8c8d9b22a0d1","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide ([Gly2]GLP-2) protects small intestinal stem cells from radiation damage.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15548172/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide ([Gly2]GLP-2) protects small intestinal stem cells from radiation damage.\" Abstract excerpt: Glucagon-like peptide-2 and its dipeptidyl peptidase (DP-IV) resistant analogue teduglutide are trophic for the gastrointestinal epithelium. Exposure increases villus height and crypt size and results in increased overall intestinal weight. As these effects may be mediated through stimulation of the stem cell compartment, they may promote intestinal healing and act as potential anti-mucositis agen","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2184.2004.00320.x","pubmedId":"15548172","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=80, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1365-2184.2004.00320.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:26.250Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"13d1f976-7fd5-4296-81cb-3eac65275949","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide for pediatric short bowel syndrome patients.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33798402/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide for pediatric short bowel syndrome patients.\" Abstract excerpt: Introduction : The goal for pediatric short bowel syndrome (SBS) patients is intestinal adaptation. Until recently, the medical management of pediatric SBS has centered on the prevention and treatment of complications in order to allow time for adaptation. Teduglutide, glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) analog, has recently been approved for use in pediatric SBS patients greater than 1 year of age as","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1080/17474124.2021.1913052","pubmedId":"33798402","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=257, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/17474124.2021.1913052","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:26.325Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"58004dad-b0c8-4867-bd51-58df8d4f2428","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide for Safe Reduction of Parenteral Nutrient and/or Fluid Requirements in Adults: A Systematic Review.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25883117/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide for Safe Reduction of Parenteral Nutrient and/or Fluid Requirements in Adults: A Systematic Review.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide (Gattex; NPS Pharma, Bedminster, NJ), a recombinant analogue of human glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2), is the first long-term medical therapy approved for the treatment of adults dependent on parenteral nutrition (PN). To assess the efficacy and safety of teduglutide in reducing PN (parenteral nutrient and/or fluid) requirements in PN-dependent adults. Studies were identified using pre","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1177/0148607115582063","pubmedId":"25883117","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/0148607115582063","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:26.397Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"97621bea-39b0-4bb8-814c-1538e47d3371","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36701512/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide\" Abstract excerpt: Because it is a large protein molecule with a molecular weight of 3752 Da, the amount in milk is likely to be very low. Teduglutide is also poorly absorbed orally so absorption by a breastfed infant is unlikely. Two breastfed infants apparently experienced no adverse effects during maternal use of teduglutide, but no long-term data are available. Until more data are available, teduglutide should b","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"36701512","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: reference/monograph-type record (PubMed book/reference-work entry) -- real and traceable, not primary research. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=120, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"other","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:36701512","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:26.470Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"8a5dbb66-49c0-46d5-a0ee-a698841c2035","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Use of Teduglutide in the Management of Gastrointestinal Graft-versus-Host Disease in Children and Young Adults.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38311212/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Use of Teduglutide in the Management of Gastrointestinal Graft-versus-Host Disease in Children and Young Adults.\" Abstract excerpt: Loss of intestinal L cells and reduced levels of glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) have been implicated in acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in murine models. Teduglutide, a human recombinant GLP-2 analog, may be beneficial in acute gastrointestinal (GI) GVHD owing to its known tissue protective and regenerative functions. We retrospectively reviewed patients who received teduglutide for treatm","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.jtct.2024.01.080","pubmedId":"38311212","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=162, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jtct.2024.01.080","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:26.541Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"e4196e23-6fb9-43ac-ac56-0690c84536a6","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Use of Teduglutide in Children With Intestinal Failure: A Systematic Review.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35774551/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Use of Teduglutide in Children With Intestinal Failure: A Systematic Review.\" Abstract excerpt: Short-bowel syndrome (SBS) results from the loss of a significant portion of the small intestine leading to a state of malabsorption. After an intestinal loss, there is a process of adaptation involving the Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 (GLP-2), an enteroendocrine peptide also involved in nutrient absorption. Teduglutide is a recombinant analog of GLP-2 approved in 2016 to treat selected SBS pediatric p","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.3389/fnut.2022.866518","pubmedId":"35774551","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=305, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.866518","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:26.614Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"f12c4256-bd2d-466b-850d-c53bcc22b75e","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Impact of Teduglutide on Quality of Life Among Patients With Short Bowel Syndrome and Intestinal Failure.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31006876/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Impact of Teduglutide on Quality of Life Among Patients With Short Bowel Syndrome and Intestinal Failure.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide reduces or eliminates parenteral support (PS) dependency in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS). Recent post hoc analyses demonstrated that effects are correlated with baseline PS volume. We assessed the SBS-related quality-of-life (QoL) impact of teduglutide, particularly whether improvements are greater among subgroups achieving more PS volume reduction. Using phase 3 trial data","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1002/jpen.1588","pubmedId":"31006876","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/jpen.1588","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:26.685Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"67823e3d-ebe2-46bd-85d3-21dc36b78f56","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Long-Term Teduglutide for the Treatment of Patients With Intestinal Failure Associated With Short Bowel Syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26844839/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Long-Term Teduglutide for the Treatment of Patients With Intestinal Failure Associated With Short Bowel Syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: In the pivotal 24-week, phase III, placebo-controlled trial, teduglutide significantly reduced parenteral support (PS) requirements in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS). STEPS-2 was a 2-year, open-label extension of that study designed to evaluate long-term safety and efficacy of teduglutide. Enrolled patients had completed 24 weeks of either teduglutide (TED/TED) or placebo (PBO/TED) in th","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1038/ctg.2015.69","pubmedId":"26844839","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=61, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/ctg.2015.69","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:26.757Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"cbded8b2-c37d-47e1-97ba-66d3dc5dc5c2","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Effect of Teduglutide, a Glucagon-like Peptide 2 Analog, on Citrulline Levels in Patients With Short Bowel Syndrome in Two Phase III Randomized Trials.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26111125/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Effect of Teduglutide, a Glucagon-like Peptide 2 Analog, on Citrulline Levels in Patients With Short Bowel Syndrome in Two Phase III Randomized Trials.\" Abstract excerpt: In clinical trials, treatment with the glucagon-like peptide 2 analog teduglutide was associated with improved fluid and nutrient absorption and increased intestinal villus height and crypt depth in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS). Plasma citrulline, an amino acid produced by enterocytes, is considered a measure of enterocyte mass. This analysis assessed changes in plasma citrulline level","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1038/ctg.2015.15","pubmedId":"26111125","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=70, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/ctg.2015.15","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:26.828Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"2615f11b-2d37-4e15-84ce-5062f06f055b","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Effect of teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-2 analog, in eosinophilic enterocolitis: a case report.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39439449/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Effect of teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-2 analog, in eosinophilic enterocolitis: a case report.\" Abstract excerpt: We successfully treated a 4-year-old girl with short bowel syndrome and eosinophilic enterocolitis with teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-2 analog. Her eosinophilic enterocolitis was cured without relapse, and we were able to increase enteral nutrition. We found that teduglutide had an anti-inflammatory effect in this patient with eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease associated with short bowe","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.3389/fped.2024.1457824","pubmedId":"39439449","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=104, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3389/fped.2024.1457824","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:26.902Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"231a6dc1-d840-4724-afd4-0f8011623178","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Off-Label Teduglutide Therapy in Non-intestinal Failure Patients with Chronic Malabsorption.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30730014/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Off-Label Teduglutide Therapy in Non-intestinal Failure Patients with Chronic Malabsorption.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 2 analog, has demonstrated efficacy in treating adult patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) and dependence on parenteral nutrition (PN), but its role in chronic malabsorptive states that do not necessitate PN remains uncertain. To evaluate teduglutide use beyond its approved indications and to discuss the results of this adjunctive treatment in patients resi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1007/s10620-019-5473-5","pubmedId":"30730014","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s10620-019-5473-5","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:26.975Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"ce1ec3f2-1d68-48e5-9d09-c5e76db6ddd4","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Long-term teduglutide associated with improved response in pediatric short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38873891/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Long-term teduglutide associated with improved response in pediatric short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure.\" Abstract excerpt: Patients with short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure (SBS-IF) require long-term parenteral nutrition and/or intravenous fluids (PN/IV) to maintain fluid or nutritional balance. We report the long-term safety, efficacy, and predictors of response in pediatric patients with SBS-IF receiving teduglutide over 96 weeks. This was a pooled, post hoc analysis of two open-label, long-term exten","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1002/jpn3.12276","pubmedId":"38873891","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=302, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/jpn3.12276","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:27.049Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"99e75e39-fdb7-43f5-be76-97716fb185a2","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Safety of Teduglutide for Managing Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41070320/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Safety of Teduglutide for Managing Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.\" Abstract excerpt: Short bowel syndrome (SBS), characterized by insufficient absorptive surface after extensive intestinal resection, results in chronic intestinal failure and reliance on parenteral nutrition. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the adverse events associated with teduglutide treatment for SBS. Comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTR","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.12669/pjms.41.9.12604","pubmedId":"41070320","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=262, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.12669/pjms.41.9.12604","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:27.120Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"06695ef4-d344-476f-a597-a47dd04dae15","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Impact of teduglutide on pediatric short bowel syndrome: A systematic review and trial sequential meta-analysis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41479721/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Impact of teduglutide on pediatric short bowel syndrome: A systematic review and trial sequential meta-analysis.\" Abstract excerpt: Pediatric short bowel syndrome (SBS) poses management challenges, and teduglutide is a potential therapy. However, comprehensive data on its pediatric safety are lacking. To evaluate the impact of teduglutide on infection and gastrointestinal adverse events in pediatric SBS patients via systematic review and meta-analysis. Following PRISMA 2009 guidelines and PROSPERO registration, we searched Pub","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.4240/wjgs.v17.i12.112685","pubmedId":"41479721","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=70, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.4240/wjgs.v17.i12.112685","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:27.193Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"aa45f60d-375e-4eed-b0a8-589be11f9029","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Effects of Teduglutide on Diarrhea in Pediatric Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome-Associated Intestinal Failure.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37889619/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Effects of Teduglutide on Diarrhea in Pediatric Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome-Associated Intestinal Failure.\" Abstract excerpt: This post-hoc analysis evaluated the effect of teduglutide treatment on diarrhea in patients with short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure (SBS-IF). Data from 2 open-label, multicenter, phase 3 pediatric SBS-IF clinical trials of teduglutide (NCT01952080 and NCT02682381) were pooled where possible. The primary objective was to evaluate the change in stool consistency, frequency, and volu","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1097/mpg.0000000000003922","pubmedId":"37889619","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=47, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000003922","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:27.264Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"f96bf26f-f875-4d37-ad14-872ada40342c","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Optimizing teduglutide treatment regimens in children with short bowel syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42591359/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Optimizing teduglutide treatment regimens in children with short bowel syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is the main cause of intestinal failure (IF) in children, leading to severe malabsorption and dependence on parenteral nutrition (PN). The glucagon-like peptide-2(GLP-2) analogue teduglutide (TED) has emerged as the disease-specific treatment strategy capable of stimulating intestinal adaptation to promote PN reduction. In recent years, new randomized pediatric trials an","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3389/fped.2026.1898958","pubmedId":"42591359","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=206, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3389/fped.2026.1898958","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:27.336Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"3e015188-d19a-4ff6-9cad-f9ff37f084f5","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Efficacy of Teduglutide in Pediatric Short Bowel Syndrome: Association with Citrulline Levels and Anatomical Location of Remnant Small Intestine.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40868429/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Efficacy of Teduglutide in Pediatric Short Bowel Syndrome: Association with Citrulline Levels and Anatomical Location of Remnant Small Intestine.\" Abstract excerpt: Background/Objectives: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is the leading cause of pediatric intestinal failure. Plasma citrulline is considered a marker indicating an enterocyte volume and may help evaluate the response to teduglutide; however, this interpretation may vary depending on the remnant bowel anatomy. Methods: We conducted a retrospective case series of four pediatric patients with SBS (aged &l","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3390/children12080977","pubmedId":"40868429","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=215, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/children12080977","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:27.410Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"6ae89267-25a1-44b3-9ced-4d61504536c2","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Efficacy of Teduglutide for Parenteral Support Reduction in Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35215445/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Efficacy of Teduglutide for Parenteral Support Reduction in Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide has been described as an effective treatment for parenteral support (PS) reduction in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS). However, a quantitative summary of the available evidence is still lacking. PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane library, OVID, and CINAHL databases were systematically searched up to July 2021 for studies reporting the rate of response (defined as a &#x2265;20% r","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.3390/nu14040796","pubmedId":"35215445","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/nu14040796","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:27.481Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"a39c4877-c7e2-49f1-8737-0150e9ce4421","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"GLP-2 analog teduglutide significantly reduces need for parenteral nutrition and stool frequency in a real-life setting.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30364471/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"GLP-2 analog teduglutide significantly reduces need for parenteral nutrition and stool frequency in a real-life setting.\" Abstract excerpt: To evaluate the benefits of teduglutide in a real-life setting, we analyzed the data of 14 patients with short bowel syndrome treated with teduglutide. Additionally, we studied glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) receptor expression in samples of small intestinal and colonic tissue to provide explanations for clinical observations. Stool frequency and consistency, sensation of thirst, parental calorie","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1177/1756284818793343","pubmedId":"30364471","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=28, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/1756284818793343","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:27.552Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"45dc1216-5755-4435-a3c2-4176422f724d","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Early use of teduglutide in paediatric patients with intestinal failure is associated with a greater response rate: a multicenter study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38664251/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Early use of teduglutide in paediatric patients with intestinal failure is associated with a greater response rate: a multicenter study.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide is a glucagon-like-peptide-2 analogue that reduces the need for parenteral support in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS). Nevertheless, data about long-term therapy with teduglutide in children are still scarce. Our objective was to describe the real-life experience with teduglutide in children with SBS over the last 5&#xa0;years in Spain. This was a national multicentre and pros","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1007/s00431-024-05577-5","pubmedId":"38664251","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00431-024-05577-5","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:27.624Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"5d227141-4a83-4a92-9a35-5cd2b686d696","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"The Impact of Teduglutide on Real-Life Health Care Costs in Children with Short Bowel Syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38135030/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"The Impact of Teduglutide on Real-Life Health Care Costs in Children with Short Bowel Syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: To analyze the real-life health care costs of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) in children with short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure (SBS-IF) before and after treatment with teduglutide, and to compare those with costs of children with SBS-IF not treated with teduglutide. All consecutive children with SBS-IF on HPN treated with subcutaneous teduglutide starting from 2018 through 2020 in a t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113882","pubmedId":"38135030","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=181, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113882","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:27.697Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"11146eb4-1348-4d2d-8734-ef18df9ba2c0","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Development of Teduglutide purity certified reference material (GBW09342) through amino acid-based isotope dilution mass spectrometry and sulfur-based isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42385596/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Development of Teduglutide purity certified reference material (GBW09342) through amino acid-based isotope dilution mass spectrometry and sulfur-based isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.\" Abstract excerpt: As a severe intestinal disorder, short bowel syndrome (SBS) has become the leading cause of chronic intestinal failure worldwide. Teduglutide, a 33-amino-acid glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) analog, offers a novel therapeutic option for individuals suffering from SBS. In this study, Teduglutide purity certified reference material (CRM) with certified value and expanded uncertainty of (85.0%&#x202f","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2027,"doi":"10.1016/j.talanta.2026.130223","pubmedId":"42385596","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=130, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2026.130223","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:27.768Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"ada8db54-a89c-4115-a217-34547a4ecec8","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Experience with teduglutide treatment for short bowel syndrome in clinical practice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30145039/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Experience with teduglutide treatment for short bowel syndrome in clinical practice.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) analog, is an approved medication specific for short bowel syndrome patients with chronic intestinal failure (SBS-IF). Due to its intestinotrophic properties, it improves intestinal absorption of fluids and nutrients, which was shown to reduce the need for parenteral support in clinical trials. The present report aims to describe the experience of ted","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2018.07.030","pubmedId":"30145039","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2018.07.030","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:27.841Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"020b79e6-3fa3-4159-a314-5fbd1121b6f4","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Designing Novel Teduglutide Analogues with Improved Binding Affinity: An In Silico Peptide Engineering Approach.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32065094/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Designing Novel Teduglutide Analogues with Improved Binding Affinity: An In Silico Peptide Engineering Approach.\" Abstract excerpt: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a disabling condition that occurs following the loss of substantial portions of the intestine, leading to inadequate absorption of nutrients and fluids. Teduglutide is the only drug that has been FDA-approved for long-term treatment of SBS. This medicine exerts its biological effects through binding to the GLP-2 receptor. The current study aimed to use computational m","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.2174/1573409916666200217091456","pubmedId":"32065094","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=183, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2174/1573409916666200217091456","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:27.912Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"d8e0d4de-988a-4565-86be-80f080619b2f","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Experience With Teduglutide in Pediatric Short Bowel Syndrome: First Real-life Data.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32804906/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Experience With Teduglutide in Pediatric Short Bowel Syndrome: First Real-life Data.\" Abstract excerpt: The aim of the study was to describe the experience with teduglutide of several Spanish hospitals in pediatric patients with SBS (SBS). Seventeen pediatric patients with intestinal failure associated with SBS were treated with teduglutide. Patients received 0.05&#x200a;mg&#x200a;&#xb7;&#x200a;kg&#x200a;&#xb7;&#x200a;day of subcutaneous teduglutide. Patients' demographics and changes in parenteral ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1097/mpg.0000000000002899","pubmedId":"32804906","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=57, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000002899","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:27.984Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"d1c6a950-aabe-4db1-a254-47d5932d1b70","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Quality of Life in Teduglutide-Treated Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome Intestinal Failure-A Nested Matched Pair Real-World Study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37111167/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Quality of Life in Teduglutide-Treated Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome Intestinal Failure-A Nested Matched Pair Real-World Study.\" Abstract excerpt: Quality of life (QoL) data of chronic intestinal failure (cIF) patients treated with the GLP-2 analogue teduglutide are scarce. This study aims to analyze QoL changes over time in teduglutide-treated patients and compare the results to a matched non-treated cIF control group in a real-world setting. QoL data (SF-36 and SBS-QoL TM ) were obtained from adult cIF patients being treated with tedugluti","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3390/nu15081949","pubmedId":"37111167","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=104, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/nu15081949","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:28.056Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"564e163a-cc1f-4378-a18a-fe60b4ed9000","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Association between teduglutide treatment and long-term reductions in parenteral support: An observational cohort study of adults with short bowel syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42373043/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Association between teduglutide treatment and long-term reductions in parenteral support: An observational cohort study of adults with short bowel syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide is indicated for the treatment of patients with short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure (SBS-IF) who are dependent on parenteral support. This study aimed to evaluate the association between teduglutide treatment and changes in parenteral support requirements in adult patients with SBS-IF in a real-world setting. This study was an observational, retrospective study of adult patien","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.103440","pubmedId":"42373043","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.103440","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:28.129Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"a7951beb-f7a5-4164-99ec-6d9d7a6240f1","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Pharmacokinetics of teduglutide in subjects with renal impairment.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23187965/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Pharmacokinetics of teduglutide in subjects with renal impairment.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide is a recombinant analogue of human glucagon-like peptide-2 that has recently been approved for the treatment of short bowel syndrome in adults. This study was designed to study the influence of renal function and age on teduglutide pharmacokinetics. This was an open-label study with six parallel groups (6 subjects each). Three groups with renal impairment (moderate, severe and end-stag","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1007/s00228-012-1455-7","pubmedId":"23187965","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00228-012-1455-7","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:28.200Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"7f40ad81-4820-4c56-bbc9-392869533141","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"[Is there life after teduglutide?]","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32406744/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"[Is there life after teduglutide?]\" Abstract excerpt: Intestinal failure (IF) is defined as a reduction in intestinal function below the minimum necessary for the absorption of nutrients, requiring intravenous supplementation to maintain health and/or growth. The most common cause is short bowel syndrome (SBS). Approximately 50% of patients with SBS have IF and require parenteral support. Teduglutide is a human glucagon-like peptide-2 analogue (GLP-2","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.20960/nh.03052","pubmedId":"32406744","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=338, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.20960/nh.03052","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:28.272Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"2901654b-c40d-433b-8a0e-86d8b1ac2a51","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Clinical outcomes of teduglutide therapy in children with short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure: A single-center experience.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42318325/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Clinical outcomes of teduglutide therapy in children with short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure: A single-center experience.\" Abstract excerpt: Short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure (SBS-IF) requires long-term parenteral nutrition (PN), increasing the risk of complications such as central line associated bloodstream infections, sepsis and liver disease. Teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) analog, has been shown to enhance intestinal adaptation and reduce PN dependence, but long-term real-world data in children are ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.intf.2026.100382","pubmedId":"42318325","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=225, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.intf.2026.100382","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:28.345Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"e79b18a3-a4b0-43d4-9fe3-496824d8877d","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Long-term results of teduglutide treatment for chronic intestinal failure - Insights from a national, multi-centric patient home-care service program.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36184208/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Long-term results of teduglutide treatment for chronic intestinal failure - Insights from a national, multi-centric patient home-care service program.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide is a Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) agonist indicated for the treatment of patients with parenteral support (PS) dependent short bowel syndrome (SBS) with chronic intestinal failure (cIF). Its application is accompanied by a structured nation-wide home-care service program in Germany. We investigated care characteristics and outcome parameters in a clinical real-world observational se","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.08.027","pubmedId":"36184208","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.08.027","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:28.425Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"6b7c75d6-9bf5-4030-9fb2-66887ea98e4b","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"[Review of real-life teduglutide experience].","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37409717/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"[Review of real-life teduglutide experience].\" Abstract excerpt: Background: teduglutide is an agonist of glucagon-related peptide (aGLP2) effective as a treatment for patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS), an entity that affects quality of life, usually requires home parenteral nutrition (HPN) and generates significant health costs. The objective of the present narrative review was to assess the real-life experience reported with teduglutide. Methods and re","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.20960/nh.04646","pubmedId":"37409717","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=12, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.20960/nh.04646","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:28.498Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"8b2b2827-810e-4f4f-8aeb-a5bb1aca3d62","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Cost-effectiveness of teduglutide in adult patients with short bowel syndrome - a European socioeconomic perspective.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38431119/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Cost-effectiveness of teduglutide in adult patients with short bowel syndrome - a European socioeconomic perspective.\" Abstract excerpt: Short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure (SBS-IF) is a rare but devastating medical condition. An absolute loss of bowel length forces the patients into parenteral support dependency and a variety of medical sequelae, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Interdisciplinary treatment may include therapy with the effective but expensive intestinotrophic peptide teduglutide. A time-disc","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.02.031","pubmedId":"38431119","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=376, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.02.031","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:28.574Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"0684b28d-0add-4d4e-bbe8-c5b7419d5ef4","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Post-Marketing Use of Teduglutide in a Large Cohort of Adults with Short Bowel Syndrome-Associated Chronic Intestinal Failure: Evolution and Outcomes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37299413/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Post-Marketing Use of Teduglutide in a Large Cohort of Adults with Short Bowel Syndrome-Associated Chronic Intestinal Failure: Evolution and Outcomes.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide, a GLP-2 analogue, has been available in France since 2015 to treat short-bowel-syndrome (SBS)-associated chronic intestinal failure (CIF) but it remains very expensive. No real-life data on the number of potential candidates are available. The aim of this real-life study was to assess teduglutide initiation and outcomes in SBS-CIF patients. All SBS-CIF patients cared for in an expert ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3390/nu15112448","pubmedId":"37299413","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/nu15112448","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:28.652Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"a598942b-43c7-4a9a-91c1-2757921ca988","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Six-month outcomes of teduglutide treatment in adult patients with short bowel syndrome with chronic intestinal failure: A real-world French observational cohort study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31932048/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Six-month outcomes of teduglutide treatment in adult patients with short bowel syndrome with chronic intestinal failure: A real-world French observational cohort study.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide, a GLP-2-analog, has proven effective in two placebo-controlled studies in reducing parenteral support (PS) in patients with short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure (SBS-IF) after 24 weeks. The aim of this study was to describe in a real-life situation the effects of teduglutide treatment and their predictive factors. We included 54 consecutive SBS-IF patients treated with t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2019.12.019","pubmedId":"31932048","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2019.12.019","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:28.724Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"72fb75e0-b695-480a-b554-4b6007076664","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Cost-Effectiveness of Teduglutide for Pediatric Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome in Japan, Including Caregiver Burden.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39412630/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Cost-Effectiveness of Teduglutide for Pediatric Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome in Japan, Including Caregiver Burden.\" Abstract excerpt: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is associated with a significant mental and physical burden for patients and caregivers. Standard of care (SOC) for SBS includes parenteral support (PS) to optimize intestinal function. Teduglutide, a recombinant human glucagon-like peptide&#xa0;2 analogue, reduces the need for PS in patients with SBS. In this study, we assessed the cost-effectiveness of teduglutide in p","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1007/s12325-024-02995-7","pubmedId":"39412630","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=213, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s12325-024-02995-7","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:28.797Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"2c5879ea-3531-4721-93a4-a604f4ea7769","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Cost-effectiveness of teduglutide in pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome: Markov modeling using traditional cost-effectiveness criteria.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33021637/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Cost-effectiveness of teduglutide in pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome: Markov modeling using traditional cost-effectiveness criteria.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide use in pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome can aid in the achievement of enteral autonomy, but with a price of &gt;$400,000 per y. The current study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of using teduglutide in conjunction with offering intestinal transplantation in US pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome. A Markov model was used to evaluate the costs (in US dollars) and ef","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1093/ajcn/nqaa278","pubmedId":"33021637","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqaa278","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:28.869Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"632d4df4-ba71-4ece-a0b0-bc07dc733184","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Cost-effectiveness of teduglutide in adult patients with short bowel syndrome: Markov modeling using traditional cost-effectiveness criteria.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31665212/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Cost-effectiveness of teduglutide in adult patients with short bowel syndrome: Markov modeling using traditional cost-effectiveness criteria.\" Abstract excerpt: Adults with short bowel syndrome have a high mortality and significant morbidity due to unsuccessful attempts at rehabilitation that necessitate chronic use of parenteral nutrition (PN). Teduglutide is a novel therapy that promotes intestinal adaptation to improve rehabilitation but with a price &gt;$400,000/y. The current study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of using teduglutide in US adult pat","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1093/ajcn/nqz269","pubmedId":"31665212","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=187, totalMentions=11). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqz269","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:28.940Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"fa025165-3a36-42d7-97fa-598e68afa9fc","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Efficacy and Safety of Teduglutide in Infants and Children With Short Bowel Syndrome Dependent on Parenteral Support.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37364133/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Efficacy and Safety of Teduglutide in Infants and Children With Short Bowel Syndrome Dependent on Parenteral Support.\" Abstract excerpt: Our objective was to evaluate the short- and long-term safety and efficacy of teduglutide treatment in infants and children with short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure (SBS-IF). Two open-label phase 3 studies and 1 extension study investigated the short- and long-term safety and efficacy of teduglutide (0.05 mg/kg/day) in infants and children with SBS-IF: NCT03571516, 24-week study of infant","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1097/mpg.0000000000003867","pubmedId":"37364133","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=78, totalMentions=11). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000003867","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:29.013Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"372ed211-23e4-4ad2-87b0-34aa19cfc280","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Safety and Efficacy of Teduglutide in Pediatric Patients With Intestinal Failure due to Short Bowel Syndrome: A 24-Week, Phase III Study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31495952/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Safety and Efficacy of Teduglutide in Pediatric Patients With Intestinal Failure due to Short Bowel Syndrome: A 24-Week, Phase III Study.\" Abstract excerpt: This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of teduglutide in pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure (SBS-IF). A 24-week, phase III trial with 2 randomized, double-blind teduglutide dose groups and a nonblinded standard of care (SOC) arm was used; patients received 0.025&#xa0;mg/kg or 0.05&#xa0;mg/kg teduglutide once daily. Safety end points included treatment-","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1002/jpen.1690","pubmedId":"31495952","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=48, totalMentions=12). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/jpen.1690","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:29.085Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"d649fb25-452e-454d-99d9-2e920831d14f","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Safety and efficacy of teduglutide after 52 weeks of treatment in patients with short bowel intestinal failure.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23333663/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Safety and efficacy of teduglutide after 52 weeks of treatment in patients with short bowel intestinal failure.\" Abstract excerpt: Although home parenteral nutrition (PN) can save the lives of patients with massive bowel loss that results in short-bowel syndrome and intestinal failure, quality of life is impaired by PN and its complications. We examined the 12-month tolerability and efficacy of teduglutide to reduce PN dependency. Patients who received teduglutide (0.05 or 0.10 mg/kg/d) for 24 weeks in a randomized controlled","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2012.12.029","pubmedId":"23333663","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=267, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2012.12.029","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:29.224Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"c1eac916-8af2-4934-ad30-bfbee51f6d83","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"A Thorough QT Study of Teduglutide in Healthy Subjects.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27121220/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"A Thorough QT Study of Teduglutide in Healthy Subjects.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide, an analog of the endogenous hormone glucagon-like peptide-2, is currently being developed for the treatment of short bowel syndrome. This study investigated the potential effects of teduglutide on cardiac conduction and repolarization. Seventy-two healthy volunteers underwent 4 treatment periods in randomized order with a single subcutaneous injection of placebo, 5 and 20 mg tedugluti","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1177/2160763x12438745","pubmedId":"27121220","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/2160763x12438745","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:29.296Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"3f5dce46-9b5e-4bd0-925a-0f96bd6c5e05","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Case report: Exploring teduglutide as a therapeutic option for refractory microscopic colitis: insights and implications.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37649980/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Case report: Exploring teduglutide as a therapeutic option for refractory microscopic colitis: insights and implications.\" Abstract excerpt: Microscopic colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the colon characterized by chronic watery diarrhea, generally with endoscopically normal or nonspecific findings, and can be diagnosed by histopathological examination of colon mucosal biopsies. Some patients experience severe symptoms that do not respond to conventional medical treatment. A glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) analog, teduglut","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3389/fmed.2023.1231565","pubmedId":"37649980","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=392, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1231565","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:29.368Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"3edd3101-7d53-4b8f-9403-88e69c92d908","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Long-Term Therapy With Teduglutide in Parenteral Support-Dependent Patients With Short Bowel Syndrome: A Case Series.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29603279/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Long-Term Therapy With Teduglutide in Parenteral Support-Dependent Patients With Short Bowel Syndrome: A Case Series.\" Abstract excerpt: To review all cases of parenteral support (PS)-dependent patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) treated with teduglutide (Gattex, Shire) and to evaluate its efficacy and adverse effects. This is a retrospective descriptive cohort of SBS patients treated with teduglutide. Demographics, bowel length, primary diagnosis, PS volume/duration, teduglutide dose, and side effects were collected prospecti","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1002/jpen.1149","pubmedId":"29603279","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=111, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/jpen.1149","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:29.440Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"f5c1600a-875b-40bf-8993-49964ad01e38","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Safety and Efficacy of Teduglutide (Gattex) in Patients With Crohn's Disease and Need for Parenteral Support Due to Short Bowel Syndrome-associated Intestinal Failure.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27433811/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Safety and Efficacy of Teduglutide (Gattex) in Patients With Crohn's Disease and Need for Parenteral Support Due to Short Bowel Syndrome-associated Intestinal Failure.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide is a GLP-2 analogue indicated for treatment of adults with short bowel syndrome (SBS). Because of the rarity of SBS, real-world safety or efficacy data are not available in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and SBS treated with teduglutide. To evaluate teduglutide's safety and efficacy in CD patients with SBS. We conducted a retrospective cohort study at 3 tertiary centers in the Unit","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1097/mcg.0000000000000604","pubmedId":"27433811","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/mcg.0000000000000604","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:29.514Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"833cb68b-ba2d-473b-9149-33691e53af3c","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Efficacy and safety of teduglutide in children with short bowel syndrome: a narrative review.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42622692/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Efficacy and safety of teduglutide in children with short bowel syndrome: a narrative review.\" Abstract excerpt: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) in children often requires long-term parenteral support (PS), predisposing to liver disease, catheter-related complications, and reduced quality of life. Teduglutide has shown promise in enhancing intestinal adaptation and reducing PS dependence in children with SBS. A narrative review was conducted in PubMed, CNKI, and WANFANG databases to identify studies published fro","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s00383-026-06474-8","pubmedId":"42622692","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=181, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00383-026-06474-8","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:29.585Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"24076439-deba-4258-900b-905bf28fd758","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Management Patterns of Teduglutide Use in Short Bowel Syndrome: A Survey of 70 Healthcare Professionals.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39519595/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Management Patterns of Teduglutide Use in Short Bowel Syndrome: A Survey of 70 Healthcare Professionals.\" Abstract excerpt: This study aimed to gain real-world insights from healthcare professionals (HCPs) regarding the management of adult patients with short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure (SBS-IF) who received teduglutide and achieved parenteral support (PS) independence or PS volume stability for &#x2265;12 months. This cross-sectional survey was conducted in five European countries and Canada via a self-repor","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.3390/nu16213762","pubmedId":"39519595","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=196, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/nu16213762","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:29.657Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"17a1ce93-7f1e-4311-9048-039dc3c3da1f","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Long-Term Outcomes With Teduglutide From a Single Center.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32391948/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Long-Term Outcomes With Teduglutide From a Single Center.\" Abstract excerpt: The aim of this study was to quantify the long-term clinical outcomes for individuals receiving teduglutide for short-bowel syndrome (SBS). A single-center, retrospective study was performed for individuals commencing use of teduglutide between March 2013 and May 2019. Eighteen patients were included in the final analysis, among which the median duration of teduglutide administration was 3.2 (rang","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1002/jpen.1838","pubmedId":"32391948","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=96, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/jpen.1838","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:29.729Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"1e1840c2-ecfe-4ddb-bda8-128cc3726d8b","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Long-term treatment with teduglutide: a 48-week open-label single-center clinical trial in children with short bowel syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37270289/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Long-term treatment with teduglutide: a 48-week open-label single-center clinical trial in children with short bowel syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is the main cause of intestinal failure in children. This single-center study evaluated the safety and efficacy of teduglutide in pediatric patients with SBS-associated intestinal failure (SBS-IF). Children with SBS followed at our center with &#x2265;2 y on parenteral nutrition (PN) and with small bowel length &lt;80 cm who had reached a plateau were consecutively inclu","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.02.019","pubmedId":"37270289","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=142, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.02.019","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:29.800Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"bebc1c77-f7f1-418c-826c-b03f7f566f28","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Real-world experience of teduglutide for the treatment of short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42167731/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Real-world experience of teduglutide for the treatment of short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure.\" Abstract excerpt: Patients with short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure (SBS-IF) require parenteral nutrition and/or intravenous fluids (PN/IV); however, long-term dependence can lead to complications. Teduglutide enhances mucosal growth and the absorptive function of the residual intestine and reduces dependence on PN/IV. We aimed to investigate the use of teduglutide in real-world settings. This retros","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.103359","pubmedId":"42167731","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=195, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.103359","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:29.873Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"c6c06b72-10b5-4b47-b3d5-c6b5fa2c4bac","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Real-world experience of Teduglutide use in adults with short bowel syndrome: A seven-year international multicenter survey.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39986179/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Real-world experience of Teduglutide use in adults with short bowel syndrome: A seven-year international multicenter survey.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-2 analogue used to promote intestinal rehabilitation and decrease the dependence from intravenous supplementation (IVS) in patients with short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure (SBS-IF). The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of international real-world Teduglutide use since its launch. Data from an international multicenter database for","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.01.026","pubmedId":"39986179","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2025.01.026","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:29.944Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"8d747d1c-a21c-4b0b-8e6b-7277f1c88653","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Cost-utility analysis of teduglutide compared to standard care in weaning parenteral nutrition support in children with short bowel syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37862822/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Cost-utility analysis of teduglutide compared to standard care in weaning parenteral nutrition support in children with short bowel syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: A growing proportion of children with short bowel syndrome (SBS) remain dependent on long-term parenteral nutrition (PN). Teduglutide offers the potential for more children to decrease PN support and achieve enteral autonomy (EA), but at a significant expense. This study aims to assess the incremental costs of teduglutide plus standard of care compared to standard of care alone in weaning PN suppo","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2023.10.001","pubmedId":"37862822","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=122, totalMentions=12). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2023.10.001","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:30.017Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"4726c039-e4df-4153-aaea-04747e33ea53","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"The Variable Response to Teduglutide in Pediatric Short Bowel Syndrome: A Single Country Real-Life Experience.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35730756/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"The Variable Response to Teduglutide in Pediatric Short Bowel Syndrome: A Single Country Real-Life Experience.\" Abstract excerpt: The glucagon-like peptide-2 analog Teduglutide has been shown to enhance intestinal absorption and decrease parenteral nutrition (PN) requirements in short bowel syndrome (SBS). As data in children is limited, we evaluated nationwide real-life experience and treatment outcome in children with SBS. Longitudinal data of children treated with Teduglutide for &#x2265;3 months was collected. Data inclu","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1097/mpg.0000000000003541","pubmedId":"35730756","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=35, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000003541","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:30.088Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"6fcc09e5-8025-4258-8d34-6123916d0d57","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Successful treatment with teduglutide in short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure secondary to small-bowel volvulus: a case report and literature review.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42699525/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Successful treatment with teduglutide in short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure secondary to small-bowel volvulus: a case report and literature review.\" Abstract excerpt: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a major cause of intestinal failure (IF). Patients with SBS-associated IF (SBS-IF) often require long-term parenteral nutrition (PN) and suffer from complications that impair quality of life (QoL), including severe diarrhea, weight loss, sleep disturbances, and catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). Teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-2 analog, enhances in","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1097/rc9.0000000000000863","pubmedId":"42699525","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=342, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/rc9.0000000000000863","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:30.161Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"f8a148ff-12c9-4e23-b77c-932120a5d64f","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide enhances structural adaptation of the small intestinal mucosa in patients with short bowel syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23426461/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide enhances structural adaptation of the small intestinal mucosa in patients with short bowel syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: Intestinotrophic therapies, such as glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) analogs, may enhance intestinal adaptation and reduce dependence on parenteral nutrition (PN) in patients with intestinal failure associated with short bowel syndrome (SBS-IF). However, because GLP-2 enhances cellular growth, there is concern that GLP-2 analogs may also encourage growth of malignant cells. To histologically examin","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1097/mcg.0b013e3182828f57","pubmedId":"23426461","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/mcg.0b013e3182828f57","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:26.448Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"b8195c05-dd36-4bcf-a9d5-5e85b3d49b09","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide in intestinal adaptation and repair: light at the end of the tunnel.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18491995/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide in intestinal adaptation and repair: light at the end of the tunnel.\" Abstract excerpt: Malabsorption of nutrients, fluids and electrolytes is a key finding in patients with short bowel syndrome. If not compensated for by increased intake, it leads to diminished body stores and subclinical, and eventually clinical, deficiencies. Until recently, management options were limited to interventions aimed at provision of adequate macro- and micronutrients and fluids to prevent malnutrition,","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1517/13543784.17.6.945","pubmedId":"18491995","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1517/13543784.17.6.945","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:26.524Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"16dc0b78-f1e1-4168-a525-02936443b959","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide for treatment-refractory severe intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease - a multicenter survey.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40229535/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide for treatment-refractory severe intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease - a multicenter survey.\" Abstract excerpt: Intestinal glucocorticoid-refractory (SR) acute (a) graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) causes high non-relapse mortality (NRM) in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Recent preclinical data indicate that acute GVHD causes a loss of intestinal neuroendocrine L-cells leading to reduced levels of glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2). GLP-2 substitution improved GVHD seve","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41409-025-02586-2","pubmedId":"40229535","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41409-025-02586-2","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:26.599Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"5065ddbb-9f56-4a56-8494-ba232a155080","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide Therapy in 2 Patients With Short-Bowel Syndrome and Familial Adenomatous Polyposis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32829492/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide Therapy in 2 Patients With Short-Bowel Syndrome and Familial Adenomatous Polyposis.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1002/jpen.2001","pubmedId":"32829492","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/jpen.2001","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:26.676Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"5471787c-ac6c-48c0-b3be-5543a1bd3cf5","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide in Patients With Active Crohn's Disease and Short Bowel Syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30990222/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide in Patients With Active Crohn's Disease and Short Bowel Syndrome.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1093/ibd/izz087","pubmedId":"30990222","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/ibd/izz087","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:26.753Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"cc4d8664-1356-47b5-bfdf-253636802ebc","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide in pediatric intestinal failure: A position statement of the Italian society of pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition (SIGENP).","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35654733/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide in pediatric intestinal failure: A position statement of the Italian society of pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition (SIGENP).\" Abstract excerpt: In recent years, the spectrum of possible treatments for Intestinal Failure (IF)-Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) has been enriched by the implementation of GLP-2 analogues. In Italy, teduglutide (Ted), an analogue of GLP-2, was approved in January 2021 by the Italian Regulatory Agency for Drugs (AIFA) for IF-SBS patients &#x2265;1 year old. According to the Agency indications, Ted can now be prescribed","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.dld.2022.04.028","pubmedId":"35654733","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.dld.2022.04.028","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:26.828Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"6ef96029-20a0-451a-a6a9-1f40a723f837","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide Promotes Epithelial Tight Junction Pore Function in Murine Short Bowel Syndrome to Alleviate Intestinal Insufficiency.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32072437/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide Promotes Epithelial Tight Junction Pore Function in Murine Short Bowel Syndrome to Alleviate Intestinal Insufficiency.\" Abstract excerpt: In short bowel syndrome, epithelial surface loss results in impaired nutrient absorption and may lead to intestinal insufficiency or intestinal failure. Nucleotide oligomerization domain 2 (Nod2) dysfunction predisposes to the development of intestinal failure after intestinal resection and is associated with intestinal barrier defects. Epithelial barrier function is crucial for intestinal absorpt","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1007/s10620-020-06140-6","pubmedId":"32072437","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s10620-020-06140-6","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:26.904Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"d5c09a09-35be-42d2-abdd-56f1f9917b7e","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide-induced stem cell function in intestinal repair.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28590166/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide-induced stem cell function in intestinal repair.\" Abstract excerpt: Malabsorption is a major and common clinical characteristics of short bowel syndrome (SBS) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Traditional treatment opportunities have focused on decreasing malabsorptive losses via dietary modifications and antisecretory/antidiarrheal agents. However, novel therapeutic modalities aim to enhance the absorptive capacity of the residual bowel by the administration","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1080/08941939.2017.1300715","pubmedId":"28590166","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/08941939.2017.1300715","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:26.980Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"50d947f5-69c8-4e67-8985-6313b4467db4","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide for treatment of adult patients with short bowel syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28293969/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide for treatment of adult patients with short bowel syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: The European Society for Clinical Nutrition has published recommendations on the 'definition and classification of intestinal failure (IF)'. Two criteria must be present: a 'decreased absorption of macronutrients and/or water and electrolytes due to a loss of gut function' and the 'need for parenteral support'. Home parenteral support (HPS) is the primary treatment for chronic IF but is associated","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1080/14712598.2017.1304912","pubmedId":"28293969","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/14712598.2017.1304912","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:27.056Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"121ac0af-23d4-4918-ab75-8d03799e3b1d","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide for the treatment of short bowel syndrome: a double-edged sword?","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37270286/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide for the treatment of short bowel syndrome: a double-edged sword?\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.04.009","pubmedId":"37270286","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.04.009","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:27.131Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"2f704f22-cc24-44d5-9210-9f19dc1c4207","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide and Intestinal Permeability in Short Bowel Syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27875268/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide and Intestinal Permeability in Short Bowel Syndrome.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1177/0148607116637847","pubmedId":"27875268","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/0148607116637847","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:27.208Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"40bfff2c-255a-416f-a49d-e399d894eba5","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide injection (Gattex) for short bowel syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23588102/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide injection (Gattex) for short bowel syndrome.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"23588102","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:23588102","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:27.284Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"85c4ceef-c882-4ad8-8cae-9c77ec0bf68d","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Teduglutide and short bowel syndrome: every night without parenteral fluids is a good night.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23089542/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Teduglutide and short bowel syndrome: every night without parenteral fluids is a good night.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2012.10.022","pubmedId":"23089542","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.10.022","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:27.360Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"b370fb93-588e-4eca-a5e2-0d64f7ac483e","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Use of teduglutide in adults with short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37294295/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Use of teduglutide in adults with short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure.\" Abstract excerpt: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a rare gastrointestinal disorder associated with intestinal failure (SBS-IF) and poor health-related outcomes. Patients with SBS-IF are unable to absorb sufficient nutrients or fluids to maintain significantly metabolic homeostasis via oral or enteral intake alone and require long-term intravenous supplementation (IVS), consisting of partial or total parenteral nutrit","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1002/ncp.11015","pubmedId":"37294295","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/ncp.11015","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:27.435Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"5d6e1132-4095-4dfa-aeaa-51b6957948c8","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Use of teduglutide for short bowel syndrome and Crohn's disease in a patient treated with ustekinumab and vedolizumab dual biologic therapy.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36177820/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Use of teduglutide for short bowel syndrome and Crohn's disease in a patient treated with ustekinumab and vedolizumab dual biologic therapy.\" Abstract excerpt: Surgery in Crohn's disease may be the cause of short bowel syndrome that may lead to kidney dysfunction. Dual biologic therapy is rarely needed to control activity. We present a case of a 61-year-old steroid dependent (A2L1B3p) female who had undergone surgery on three occasions: ileocecal resection (resection of 15 cm of terminal ileum); resection of right and left colon up to sigmoid; proctectom","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.17235/reed.2022.9194/2022","pubmedId":"36177820","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.17235/reed.2022.9194/2022","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:27.507Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"b6ac0285-2dac-4ec9-b0a8-1b9803e2673b","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"[Use of teduglutide in short bowel syndrome in infants, children and adolescents: Position paper of the working group \"Chronic intestinal failure\" of the Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition (GPGE)].","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41672430/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"[Use of teduglutide in short bowel syndrome in infants, children and adolescents: Position paper of the working group \"Chronic intestinal failure\" of the Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition (GPGE)].\" Abstract excerpt: Paediatric short bowel syndrome (SBS) with chronic intestinal failure (IF) is a rare, complex and potentially life-threatening condition. The main causes in children are necrotizing enterocolitis, volvulus, congenital malformations, and other enteropathies. The resulting reduced intestinal absorption capacity often requires parenteral nutrition (PN), which is associated with complications such as ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1055/a-2757-3525","pubmedId":"41672430","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1055/a-2757-3525","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:27.579Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"582321b5-a753-41ba-9500-de71a102694e","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Study of teduglutide effectiveness in parenteral nutrition-dependent short-bowel syndrome subjects.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24134154/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Study of teduglutide effectiveness in parenteral nutrition-dependent short-bowel syndrome subjects.\" Abstract excerpt: Loss of intestinal absorptive capacity from congenital defect, surgical resection or mucosal disease results in short bowel syndrome (SBS)-associated intestinal failure. In the past, few medical management options were available besides dietary modification, controlling diarrhea or high stomal output, and providing parenteral fluid, electrolyte and nutrient support (parenteral support). Recent res","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1586/17474124.2013.842894","pubmedId":"24134154","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1586/17474124.2013.842894","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:27.655Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"06a79e7e-a088-4fbf-926b-70158c56b51f","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Effect of teduglutide on restoring oral autonomy for magnesium in two patients with short bowel.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31029916/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Effect of teduglutide on restoring oral autonomy for magnesium in two patients with short bowel.\" Abstract excerpt: It is not known whether Teduglutide can allow patients with Short bowel syndrome, previously dependent on continuous or periodic intravenous (IV) magnesium, to attain oral autonomy with or without supplementation. Here, we report on two patients previously dependent on continuous or intermittently administered IV magnesium to achieve autonomy from IV, one with and one without oral supplementation ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2019.02.014","pubmedId":"31029916","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.nut.2019.02.014","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:27.731Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"b852c5b6-0c41-43e7-9984-75f22aa8ca99","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Characterization of American teduglutide consumers from 2015 to 2020: A large database study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34291485/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Characterization of American teduglutide consumers from 2015 to 2020: A large database study.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-2 analog, is a novel therapy for intestinal failure that reduces need for parenteral support, especially in patients without a functional terminal ileum or colon. It can also predispose patients to accelerated progression of gastrointestinal (GI) malignancy and fluid overload. We demographically and clinically characterized American patients prescribed teduglut","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1002/jpen.2221","pubmedId":"34291485","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/jpen.2221","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:28.107Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"9cc3287a-456f-4354-8fd7-1c7f61b96ed6","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Forty-eight months outcomes of teduglutide treatment in adult stable patients with short bowel syndrome and home parenteral nutrition dependence: A real-world Italian single-center observational cohort study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39689615/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Forty-eight months outcomes of teduglutide treatment in adult stable patients with short bowel syndrome and home parenteral nutrition dependence: A real-world Italian single-center observational cohort study.\" Abstract excerpt: This real-life study is designed to investigate the short and long-term efficacy and safety of teduglutide (TED) and its effects on the quality of life (QoL) in a cohort of adult, stable patients with short bowel syndrome and chronic intestinal failure receiving long-term parenteral support (PS). A prospective, single-center study was conducted for individuals who began to take TED between March 2","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112640","pubmedId":"39689615","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.nut.2024.112640","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:28.183Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"36b5d4c7-9b2d-400d-94e5-7c70c4c2617d","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Population pharmacokinetics of teduglutide following repeated subcutaneous administrations in healthy participants and in patients with short bowel syndrome and Crohn's disease.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19773525/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Population pharmacokinetics of teduglutide following repeated subcutaneous administrations in healthy participants and in patients with short bowel syndrome and Crohn's disease.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide is a GLP-2 analog currently evaluated for the treatment of short bowel syndrome, Crohn's disease, and other gastrointestinal disorders. The population pharmacokinetics (PK) of teduglutide were assessed following daily subcutaneous (SC) administrations of 2.5 to 80 mg doses in a total of 256 patients. A 1-compartment model with a site-specific rate constant of absorption in the abdomen,","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1177/0091270009342252","pubmedId":"19773525","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/0091270009342252","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:28.259Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"902e5fa8-724b-4e86-9522-fcb6cbe02404","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Outcomes and adverse effects of teduglutide treatment with periodic withdrawal in pediatric short bowel patients.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41954179/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Outcomes and adverse effects of teduglutide treatment with periodic withdrawal in pediatric short bowel patients.\" Abstract excerpt: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of teduglutide in a real-world cohort in which national reimbursement policies required treatment interruptions. The primary outcomes were reduction in parenteral support (PS) and treatment-related adverse effects, and the secondary outcome was the impact of the mandated withdrawal periods. In this retrospective registry-based nationwide study, we identified al","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1002/jpn3.70437","pubmedId":"41954179","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/jpn3.70437","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:28.332Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"defc671e-7f2f-4ebe-9b74-72f99c06766b","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Glucagonlike peptide 2 analogue teduglutide: stimulation of proliferation but reduction of differentiation in human Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24068167/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Glucagonlike peptide 2 analogue teduglutide: stimulation of proliferation but reduction of differentiation in human Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells.\" Abstract excerpt: Short bowel syndrome occurs when a shortened intestine cannot absorb sufficient nutrients or fluids. Teduglutide is a recombinant analogue of human glucagonlike peptide 2 that reduces dependence on parenteral nutrition in patients with short bowel syndrome by promoting enterocytic proliferation, increasing the absorptive surface area. However, enterocyte function depends not only on the number of ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1001/jamasurg.2013.3731","pubmedId":"24068167","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2013.3731","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:28.407Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"5a4f4fe2-9743-417c-926e-52d501076b59","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Short-term clinical evaluation of teduglutide for patients with Crohn's disease on home parenteral support for postoperative short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37001195/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Short-term clinical evaluation of teduglutide for patients with Crohn's disease on home parenteral support for postoperative short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure.\" Abstract excerpt: The short-term effects of teduglutide (TED) for short bowel syndrome with chronic intestinal failure (SBS-IF) in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of TED in patients with CD on home parenteral support (PS) for SBS-IF. We retrospectively investigated the medical records of patients with CD associated with SBS-IF who initiated TED","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2023.03.012","pubmedId":"37001195","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2023.03.012","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:28.484Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"f703b876-57e9-4d02-86d5-77ef901a7783","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"The Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 Analog Teduglutide Reversibly Associates to Form Pentamers.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31306652/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"The Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 Analog Teduglutide Reversibly Associates to Form Pentamers.\" Abstract excerpt: Glucagon-like peptide 1 and 2 and their analog peptide therapeutics are known to reversibly associate to form oligomers. Here we report the association properties of the glucagon-like peptide 2 analog teduglutide at concentrations up to &#x223c;15 mg/mL. Both sedimentation equilibrium (SE-AUC) and sedimentation velocity (SV-AUC) show that teduglutide dissociates completely to monomers below 0.1 mg","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.xphs.2019.06.028","pubmedId":"31306652","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.xphs.2019.06.028","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:28.559Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"2c077eef-dfa3-4115-8e2b-7fc476962dc9","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Factors Associated With Response to Teduglutide in Patients With Short-Bowel Syndrome and Intestinal Failure.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29174926/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Factors Associated With Response to Teduglutide in Patients With Short-Bowel Syndrome and Intestinal Failure.\" Abstract excerpt: Clinical studies showed teduglutide to increase urine production and reduce need for parenteral support volume in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) with intestinal failure, increasing intestinal wet weight absorption and reducing diarrhea. However, the effects of teduglutide on parenteral support vary among patients. We performed a post hoc analysis of a phase III placebo-controlled study t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2017.11.023","pubmedId":"29174926","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2017.11.023","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:28.635Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"064811c6-bf77-4c01-b1f4-b86c0c6172d1","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Reversal of Intestinal Failure With Teduglutide in &lt;i&gt;PERCC1&lt;/i&gt;-Associated Enteropathy: A Case Report.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38710080/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Reversal of Intestinal Failure With Teduglutide in &lt;i&gt;PERCC1&lt;/i&gt;-Associated Enteropathy: A Case Report.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.7326/m24-0147","pubmedId":"38710080","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.7326/m24-0147","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:28.711Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"45b0d0f8-78ba-4bd8-8dad-6594a0fe5555","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Effect of different doses of GLP-2 (Teduglutide) on acute esophageal lesion due to acid-pepsin perfusion in male rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21930171/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Effect of different doses of GLP-2 (Teduglutide) on acute esophageal lesion due to acid-pepsin perfusion in male rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Gastro-esophageal reflux currently is widespread disorders with dangerous complications. GLP-2 is a peptide that has trophic and anti-inflammatory effects on gastrointestinal mucosa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective role of GLP-2 in esophageal mucosa lesion due to perfusion acid-pepsin. Thirty-six male rats were used in this study and divided into six groups. They were control,","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2011.09.004","pubmedId":"21930171","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2011.09.004","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:28.784Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"d594c71c-a31b-43e1-8455-c6a6565b899a","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"[Short bowel syndrome. GLP-2 analog teduglutide].","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24069647/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"[Short bowel syndrome. GLP-2 analog teduglutide].\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"24069647","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:24069647","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:28.859Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"6ebcdd59-8021-4166-96f4-08b61a4014e8","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Predictors and timing of response to teduglutide in patients with short bowel syndrome dependent on parenteral support.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34024550/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Predictors and timing of response to teduglutide in patients with short bowel syndrome dependent on parenteral support.\" Abstract excerpt: This study aimed to identify predictors and estimate time to teduglutide response among adult patients with short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure (SBS-IF) dependent on parenteral support (PS). Post-hoc analysis was performed on individual patient data from teduglutide-treated patients in the phase III teduglutide trial STEPS and the STEPS-2 extension. Response was defined as &#x2265;20% PS ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.03.011","pubmedId":"34024550","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.03.011","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:28.936Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"aba64d8f-d1da-4898-bb84-ca3515971584","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"A case report on the long-term use of teduglutide in a pediatric patient with short bowel syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40886056/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"A case report on the long-term use of teduglutide in a pediatric patient with short bowel syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is the leading cause of intestinal failure, frequently necessitating long-term parenteral nutrition (PN). Teduglutide (TED), a glucagon-like peptide-2 analog, has demonstrated efficacy in reducing PN dependence in both adults and children. However, long-term data in pediatric populations remain limited. We present a case of a male child with SBS who underwent extensive s","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1002/ncp.70023","pubmedId":"40886056","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/ncp.70023","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:29.011Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"1c241e36-70ea-4305-9c79-99c40c37af4b","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Six-Month Safety and Effectiveness of Teduglutide in Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome in Japan: Interim Analysis of Post-marketing Surveillance.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41324792/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Six-Month Safety and Effectiveness of Teduglutide in Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome in Japan: Interim Analysis of Post-marketing Surveillance.\" Abstract excerpt: Patients with intestinal failure caused by short bowel syndrome (SBS) are dependent on parenteral support (PS) for nutrition. Teduglutide, an analogue of glucagon-like peptide&#xa0;2, has been shown to decrease reliance on PS with an acceptable safety profile in multiregional phase&#xa0;3 clinical trials, but currently there are no reports examining treatment outcomes with teduglutide in the real-","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s12325-025-03398-y","pubmedId":"41324792","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s12325-025-03398-y","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:29.083Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"f490d602-1881-4c24-98e3-276202812618","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"[Expert recommendations on the use of teduglutide in pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome].","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36774605/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"[Expert recommendations on the use of teduglutide in pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome].\" Abstract excerpt: Short bowel syndrome is a low-incidence disorder among pediatric patients, but it is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Management of these patients by an interdisciplinary team of experts focused on intestinal rehabilitation improves short- and long-term outcomes. Available resources for treatment include teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide type 2 (GLP-2) analog made by recombin","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"36774605","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:36774605","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:29.160Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"e87f0860-c035-4990-aa03-fe0997fa4969","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Tissular growth factors profile after teduglutide administration on an animal model of intestinal anastomosis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29565168/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Tissular growth factors profile after teduglutide administration on an animal model of intestinal anastomosis.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide is an enterotrophic analogue of glucagon-like peptide-2, with an indirect and poorly understood mechanism of action, approved for the rehabilitation of short-bowel syndrome. This study aims to analyze the response of tissue growth factors to surgical injury and teduglutide administration on an animal model of intestinal anastomosis. Wistar rats (n = 59) were distributed into four group","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.20960/nh.1326","pubmedId":"29565168","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.20960/nh.1326","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:29.235Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"98a06bc8-1ead-4a52-9d6b-61f0b8a6c33c","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Randomised placebo-controlled trial of teduglutide in reducing parenteral nutrition and/or intravenous fluid requirements in patients with short bowel syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21317170/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Randomised placebo-controlled trial of teduglutide in reducing parenteral nutrition and/or intravenous fluid requirements in patients with short bowel syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide, a GLP-2 analogue, may restore intestinal structural and functional integrity by promoting repair and growth of the mucosa and reducing gastric emptying and secretion, thereby increasing fluid and nutrient absorption in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS). This 24-week placebo-controlled study evaluated the ability of teduglutide to reduce parenteral support in patients with SBS w","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1136/gut.2010.218271","pubmedId":"21317170","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1136/gut.2010.218271","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:29.310Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"b0e54328-1eba-41b7-b78d-07cd5ba10d80","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Single-Center Experience with the Use of Teduglutide in Adult Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29505151/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Single-Center Experience with the Use of Teduglutide in Adult Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide is a glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) analog that has been approved for the treatment of adult short bowel syndrome (SBS)-associated intestinal failure (IF; SBS-IF). Teduglutide increases villus height and crypt depth in the small bowel mucosa, promoting nutrition absorption and enteral independence from parenteral nutrition (PN). We aim to report our single-center experience with tedug","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1002/jpen.1011","pubmedId":"29505151","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/jpen.1011","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:29.383Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"e8e0166a-d0ee-484d-b4e9-e79610877d60","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of teduglutide in adult Japanese patients with short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure: two phase III studies with an extension.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36201060/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of teduglutide in adult Japanese patients with short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure: two phase III studies with an extension.\" Abstract excerpt: The short- and long-term efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of teduglutide were analyzed in adult Japanese patients with short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure (SBS-IF). Patients received teduglutide 0.05&#xa0;mg/kg/day in clinical trials (TED-C14-004, SHP633-306, and extension SHP633-307). Data were analyzed at 24&#xa0;weeks and an interim data cut-off of 4.5&#xa0;years. The parenteral s","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1007/s00595-022-02587-4","pubmedId":"36201060","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00595-022-02587-4","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:29.459Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"b17d6ac5-007d-41db-a411-91864fbaad21","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Results of 12-month rescue treatment with Teduglutide in severely active and parenteral nutrition-dependent Crohn's disease.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27991856/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Results of 12-month rescue treatment with Teduglutide in severely active and parenteral nutrition-dependent Crohn's disease.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.5152/tjg.2016.0587","pubmedId":"27991856","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.5152/tjg.2016.0587","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:29.535Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"e64a7229-24bd-4a3d-8d77-9cb36c9fa638","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Tracking the physicochemical stability of teduglutide (Revestive®) clinical solutions over time in different storage containers.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36152491/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Tracking the physicochemical stability of teduglutide (Revestive®) clinical solutions over time in different storage containers.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide, the active ingredient of the medicine Revestive&#xae; (5&#xa0;mg), is a recombinant therapeutic peptide that mimics the effects of the endogenous glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2). It stimulates intestinal growth, adaptation and function in patients with Short Bowel Syndrome who are dependent on parenteral nutrition. The Summary of Product Characteristics recommends immediate use of the","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115064","pubmedId":"36152491","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115064","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:29.611Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"fa15813b-8131-4044-acd7-5182b06eea2e","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Adult patients with short bowel syndrome treated with teduglutide: A descriptive cohort study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37416984/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Adult patients with short bowel syndrome treated with teduglutide: A descriptive cohort study.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide is a synthetic glucagon-like peptide-2 analogue approved for the treatment of short bowel syndrome associated with chronic intestinal failure (SBS-IF) in adult patients. Clinical trials have demonstrated its ability to reduce parenteral support (PS) requirement. This study aimed to describe the effect of 18-month treatment with teduglutide, evaluating PS and factors associated with PS ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1002/jpen.2549","pubmedId":"37416984","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/jpen.2549","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:30.524Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"5a605305-ce2d-45fe-a288-53c144e2efb9","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Long-term outcomes and adverse effects of teduglutide in patients with short bowel syndrome: Highlighting hyperamylasemia and hyperlipasemia.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37941451/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Long-term outcomes and adverse effects of teduglutide in patients with short bowel syndrome: Highlighting hyperamylasemia and hyperlipasemia.\" Abstract excerpt: Short bowel syndrome is a malabsorptive condition that occurs due to surgical removal or a congenital absence of a significant portion of the small intestine. Patients with short bowel syndrome often rely on parenteral support for extended periods or even their entire lives. Teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-2 analog, has shown promising results in reducing dependency on parenteral support in t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1093/ajhp/zxad274","pubmedId":"37941451","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/ajhp/zxad274","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:29.688Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"24835d21-e95f-4ce9-b425-43fdd5675713","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"The indications and results of the use of teduglutide in patients with short bowel.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37421385/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"The indications and results of the use of teduglutide in patients with short bowel.\" Abstract excerpt: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a rare condition defined as a reduced residual functional small intestinal length to less than 200&#x200a;cm often resulting from extensive intestinal resection, and can lead to chronic intestinal failure (CIF). Patients with SBS-CIF are unable to absorb sufficient nutrients or fluids to maintain metabolic homeostasis through oral or enteral intake and require long-te","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1097/mco.0000000000000964","pubmedId":"37421385","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/mco.0000000000000964","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:29.764Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"9b2c9e75-59e3-4bbc-8141-04ba520e2efe","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Translation of Evidence Into Practice With Teduglutide in the Management of Adults With Intestinal Failure due to Short-Bowel Syndrome: A Review of Recent Literature.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31802516/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Translation of Evidence Into Practice With Teduglutide in the Management of Adults With Intestinal Failure due to Short-Bowel Syndrome: A Review of Recent Literature.\" Abstract excerpt: Chronic intestinal failure (CIF) due to short-bowel syndrome (SBS) is characterized by failure to achieve optimal intestinal adaptation required to maintain oral/enteral autonomy. The conventional management strategy relies heavily on home parenteral support (PS; parenteral nutrition and/or intravenous fluids). Teduglutide, an analog of the hormone glucagon-like peptide-2, facilitates intestinal a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1002/jpen.1757","pubmedId":"31802516","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/jpen.1757","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:29.840Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"f32d38d3-e5b4-4865-807a-873082fcafb1","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Vortioxetine hydrobromide, crofelemer, and teduglutide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24407747/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Vortioxetine hydrobromide, crofelemer, and teduglutide.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1331/japha.2014.14506","pubmedId":"24407747","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1331/japha.2014.14506","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:29.915Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"409bb18a-1a3a-4032-86cb-b8680677a593","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Encapsulation of hydrophobically ion-paired teduglutide in nanoemulsions: Effect of anionic counterions.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39788016/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Encapsulation of hydrophobically ion-paired teduglutide in nanoemulsions: Effect of anionic counterions.\" Abstract excerpt: This study presents a novel method for encapsulating the bioactive peptide teduglutide to enhance its oral bioavailability using O/W nanoemulsion (NE). Recombinant teduglutide (rTGT), produced in E. coli with 93&#xa0;% purity, was hydrophobically modified through ion-pairing with phytic acid (PA) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). This approach increased encapsulation efficiency from 48.5&#xa0;% to","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.142774","pubmedId":"39788016","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.142774","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:29.991Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"f71022d2-488d-4c5f-a21c-58a3950c42be","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"The long road to a new short-bowel therapy: teduglutide for clinical use.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23591284/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"The long road to a new short-bowel therapy: teduglutide for clinical use.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2013.03.030","pubmedId":"23591284","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2013.03.030","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:30.067Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"875419ce-18c6-4c64-99b0-153ab1e8e9b3","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Imaging as predictor of clinical response to teduglutide in adult patients with short bowel syndrome with chronic intestinal failure.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33675349/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Imaging as predictor of clinical response to teduglutide in adult patients with short bowel syndrome with chronic intestinal failure.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide (TED) is a glucagon-like peptide 2 analogue approved in patients with short bowel syndrome with chronic intestinal failure. Bowel epithelial hyperplasia has been reported after TED treatment. The aim of this study was to describe small bowel modifications at imaging in patients with SBS-CIF receiving TED and to assess their predictive value for clinical response. Monocentric retrospect","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1093/ajcn/nqaa412","pubmedId":"33675349","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqaa412","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:30.140Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"e91e1c8f-1c08-424a-8b76-86dc1a7dae85","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Increased intestinal absorption in the era of teduglutide and its impact on management strategies in patients with short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23343999/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Increased intestinal absorption in the era of teduglutide and its impact on management strategies in patients with short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure.\" Abstract excerpt: Short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure (SBS-IF) as a consequence of extensive surgical resection of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract results in a chronic reduction in intestinal absorption. The ensuing malabsorption of a conventional diet with associated diarrhea and weight loss results in a dependency on parenteral nutrition and/or intravenous fluids (PN/IV). A natural compensatory pro","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1177/0148607112472906","pubmedId":"23343999","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/0148607112472906","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:30.215Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"590d2b96-444d-48b5-b4d7-85430f796536","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) analog, following multiple ascending subcutaneous administrations in healthy subjects.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18974283/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) analog, following multiple ascending subcutaneous administrations in healthy subjects.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) analog, is currently being evaluated for the treatment of short-bowel syndrome, Crohn's disease, and other gastrointestinal disorders. The pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of teduglutide in healthy subjects (N = 64) were assessed following daily subcutaneous administrations for 8 days in a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, asce","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1177/0091270008320605","pubmedId":"18974283","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/0091270008320605","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:30.295Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"172677c5-6b6a-4839-91bf-c44405e17b98","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Further improvement after 24-month treatment with teduglutide in a patient with active Crohn's disease and short bowel syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29749341/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Further improvement after 24-month treatment with teduglutide in a patient with active Crohn's disease and short bowel syndrome.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.5152/tjg.2018.17596","pubmedId":"29749341","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.5152/tjg.2018.17596","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:30.372Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"33ce9b7a-4a5d-4045-a496-779f1959024d","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Acute Effects of a Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 Analogue, Teduglutide, on Gastrointestinal Motor Function and Permeability in Adult Patients With Short Bowel Syndrome on Home Parenteral Nutrition.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26223941/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Acute Effects of a Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 Analogue, Teduglutide, on Gastrointestinal Motor Function and Permeability in Adult Patients With Short Bowel Syndrome on Home Parenteral Nutrition.\" Abstract excerpt: Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) agonists decrease the need for parenteral nutrition (PN) in short bowel syndrome (SBS); mechanisms evaluated to date have focused on the intestinotrophic effect of GLP-2 agonists such as increased absorptive capacity of the remnant intestine and increased citrulline levels. Other mechanisms may also play a role in effects of GLP-2 agonists. To measure effects of a G","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1177/0148607115597644","pubmedId":"26223941","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/0148607115597644","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:30.448Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"af82b801-ce85-4d0a-9e90-a65eb1d3f974","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Enteral Autonomy and Days Off Parenteral Support With Teduglutide Treatment for Short Bowel Syndrome in the STEPS Trials.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31423614/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Enteral Autonomy and Days Off Parenteral Support With Teduglutide Treatment for Short Bowel Syndrome in the STEPS Trials.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide response, in terms of parenteral support (PS) volume reduction, is associated with specific disease characteristics among adults with short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure (SBS-IF). Whether these associations apply to PS weaning with teduglutide is unknown. Adults with SBS-IF treated with teduglutide in the phase III STEPS study and open-label extensions STEPS-2 and STEPS-","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1002/jpen.1687","pubmedId":"31423614","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/jpen.1687","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:30.600Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"091b6052-2266-4b9e-9a0e-edc9013c17b3","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Treatment of adult short bowel syndrome patients with  teduglutide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22224470/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Treatment of adult short bowel syndrome patients with  teduglutide.\" Abstract excerpt: Parenteral support is lifesaving in short bowel syndrome patients with intestinal failure (SBS-IF), who are unable to compensate for their malabsorption by metabolic or pharmacologic adaptation. Mutually, the symptoms of SBS-IF and the inconveniences and complications in relation to parenteral support may cause impairment of the quality of life of SBS-IF patients. Conventional treatments include d","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1517/14656566.2012.644787","pubmedId":"22224470","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1517/14656566.2012.644787","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:30.676Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"72724ba1-0bbd-483d-ba3a-6ecea461338b","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Method for identification and quantification of intact teduglutide peptide using (RP)UHPLC-UV-(HESI/ORBITRAP)MS.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36263764/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Method for identification and quantification of intact teduglutide peptide using (RP)UHPLC-UV-(HESI/ORBITRAP)MS.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide (Revestive&#xae;, 10 mg mL -1 ) is a recombinant human glucagon-like peptide 2 analogue, used in the treatment of short bowel syndrome, a serious and highly disabling condition which results from either too small a length of intestine or loss of critical intestinal function. The determination of therapeutic compounds of protein-nature is always challenging due to their complex structur","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1039/d2ay01254e","pubmedId":"36263764","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1039/d2ay01254e","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:30.751Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"44f92933-87c4-43c1-9d97-e1e6828d52ad","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Acute effects of the glucagon-like peptide 2 analogue, teduglutide, on intestinal adaptation in short bowel syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24399211/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Acute effects of the glucagon-like peptide 2 analogue, teduglutide, on intestinal adaptation in short bowel syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: Neonatal short bowel syndrome following massive gut resection is associated with malabsorption of nutrients. The intestinotrophic factor glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) improves gut function in adult patients with short bowel syndrome, but its effect in pediatric patients remains unknown. Our objective was to test the efficacy of the long-acting synthetic human GLP-2 analogue, teduglutide (ALX-060","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1097/mpg.0000000000000295","pubmedId":"24399211","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000000295","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:30.827Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"43014349-cddb-40c2-a96d-78e95cc362f5","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Orally Delivered Stimulus-Sensitive Nanomedicine to Harness Teduglutide Efficacy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39007246/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Orally Delivered Stimulus-Sensitive Nanomedicine to Harness Teduglutide Efficacy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.\" Abstract excerpt: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) analogs possess high potential in the treatment of IBD by enhancing intestinal repair and attenuating inflammation. Due to the enzymatic degradation and poor intestinal absorption, GLP-2 analogs are administered parenterally, which leads to poor patient c","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1002/smll.202402502","pubmedId":"39007246","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/smll.202402502","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:30.904Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"9034d19e-979e-4426-8d73-784c709fb733","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Population pharmacokinetics and exposure-response analyses of teduglutide in adult and pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34402197/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Population pharmacokinetics and exposure-response analyses of teduglutide in adult and pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide is a recombinant analog of human glucagon-like peptide-2 that regulates the functional and structural integrity of the cells lining the gastrointestinal tract. Teduglutide is approved for the treatment of patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) who are dependent on parenteral support (PS). Population pharmacokinetic (PK) and exposure-response analyses were performed to support teduglu","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1111/cts.13117","pubmedId":"34402197","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/cts.13117","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:30.979Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"c1206205-8626-409a-a485-da9e83790a81","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"The Polish Intestinal Failure Centres' consensus on the use of teduglutide for the treatment of short bowel syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28526379/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"The Polish Intestinal Failure Centres' consensus on the use of teduglutide for the treatment of short bowel syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide is an active, glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-2 analog with proven clinical efficacy regarding intestinal adaptation in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS). There are two factors that preclude its reimbursement, and thereby, its availability: its cost (reaching &#x223c;$300,000/y)-which significantly exceeds the cost of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) in most countries-and the lack of","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2016.12.022","pubmedId":"28526379","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.nut.2016.12.022","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:31.051Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"98d82441-429e-4810-a03e-4cca7f8072ed","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Outcomes from a 12-Week, Open-Label, Multicenter Clinical Trial of Teduglutide in Pediatric Short Bowel Syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27855998/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Outcomes from a 12-Week, Open-Label, Multicenter Clinical Trial of Teduglutide in Pediatric Short Bowel Syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: To determine safety and pharmacodynamics/efficacy of teduglutide in children with intestinal failure associated with short bowel syndrome (SBS-IF). This 12-week, open-label study enrolled patients aged 1-17 years with SBS-IF who required parenteral nutrition (PN) and showed minimal or no advance in enteral nutrition (EN) feeds. Patients enrolled sequentially into 3 teduglutide cohorts (0.0125 mg/k","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.10.027","pubmedId":"27855998","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.10.027","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:31.127Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"6923c001-453c-446f-9c86-dc27791751f9","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Small-Bowel Adaptation: A Case of Morphological Changes Induced by Teduglutide in Short-Bowel Syndrome With Intestinal Failure.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32187383/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Small-Bowel Adaptation: A Case of Morphological Changes Induced by Teduglutide in Short-Bowel Syndrome With Intestinal Failure.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide (TED) reduces the need for parenteral support (PS) in patients with short-bowel syndrome with intestinal failure (SBS-IF). It is a glucagon-like peptide-2 analog that improves absorption, induces the expansion of the absorptive epithelium in the small intestine, and may be used in patients with SBS-IF after a 6- to 12-month adaptation period, if PS is always necessary. We described the","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1002/jpen.1805","pubmedId":"32187383","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/jpen.1805","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:31.204Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"82868f5c-2b1a-4cf7-99e5-83aebf2449f7","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Colon polyps in patients with short bowel syndrome before and after teduglutide: Post hoc analysis of the STEPS study series.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31522784/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Colon polyps in patients with short bowel syndrome before and after teduglutide: Post hoc analysis of the STEPS study series.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide promotes intestinal growth and is approved for the treatment of short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure (SBS-IF). Based on the pharmacologic activity and preclinical findings, teduglutide can potentially induce proliferative colonic mucosal changes.&#xa0;The aim of this study is to report the occurrence of colorectal polyps in adult patients with SBS-IF who received teduglutide in ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2019.08.020","pubmedId":"31522784","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2019.08.020","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:31.279Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"31beb725-c6e4-4377-afe2-094c38b3b5fd","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Safety Findings in Pediatric Patients During Long-Term Treatment With Teduglutide for Short-Bowel Syndrome-Associated Intestinal Failure: Pooled Analysis of 4 Clinical Studies.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33305440/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Safety Findings in Pediatric Patients During Long-Term Treatment With Teduglutide for Short-Bowel Syndrome-Associated Intestinal Failure: Pooled Analysis of 4 Clinical Studies.\" Abstract excerpt: This analysis assessed combined safety data from 4 clinical studies of teduglutide in pediatric patients with short-bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure (SBS-IF). Safety data from teduglutide-treated patients in 4 clinical trials were pooled. The completed 12-week and 24-week phase 3 core studies (NCT01952080/EudraCT 2013-004588-30 and NCT02682381/EudraCT 2015-002252-27) enrolled children ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1002/jpen.2061","pubmedId":"33305440","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/jpen.2061","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:31.355Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"c0ac52cb-ffb2-415b-8ffb-c0cdd1a8a920","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Baseline Characteristics of Adult Patients Treated and Never Treated with Teduglutide in a Multinational Short Bowel Syndrome and Intestinal Failure Registry.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39125394/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Baseline Characteristics of Adult Patients Treated and Never Treated with Teduglutide in a Multinational Short Bowel Syndrome and Intestinal Failure Registry.\" Abstract excerpt: The Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) Registry (NCT01990040) is a multinational real-world study evaluating the long-term safety of teduglutide in patients with SBS and intestinal failure (SBS-IF) in routine clinical practice. This paper describes the study methodology and baseline characteristics of adult patients who have (ever-treated) or have never (never-treated) received teduglutide. A total of 141","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.3390/nu16152513","pubmedId":"39125394","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/nu16152513","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:31.431Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"41adb358-c1bf-4f08-b7b1-bdb1379b48e7","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Comprehensive physicochemical characterization of a peptide-based medicine: Teduglutide (Revestive®) structural description and stress testing.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36669672/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Comprehensive physicochemical characterization of a peptide-based medicine: Teduglutide (Revestive®) structural description and stress testing.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide (Revestive&#xae;) is a glucagon-like peptide-2 analogue used for the treatment of short bowel syndrome, a rare life-threatening condition in which the amount of functional gut is too short to enable proper absorption of nutrients and fluids. During handling prior to administration to the patient in hospital, it is possible that peptide-based medicines may be exposed to environmental st","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.01.001","pubmedId":"36669672","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.01.001","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:31.507Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"8b2ae5e8-1086-41ce-9670-93b76105e421","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Intestinal Epithelial Stem Cells: Distinct Behavior After Surgical Injury and Teduglutide Administration.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28362133/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Intestinal Epithelial Stem Cells: Distinct Behavior After Surgical Injury and Teduglutide Administration.\" Abstract excerpt: Previous studies suggest that intestinal epithelial stem cells (IESC), critical drivers of homeostasis and regeneration, include two subpopulations: crypt-based columnar and \"position +4\" stem cells, identified by Lgr5 and Bmi1 biomarkers, respectively. Teduglutide is an enterotrophic counterpart of glucagon-like peptide 2. This study aimed to investigate the response of putative IESC to surgical ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1080/08941939.2017.1294217","pubmedId":"28362133","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/08941939.2017.1294217","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:31.583Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"7a77e66e-aa59-47d2-99e6-b620792b2b4c","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"De Novo Development of Distal Jejunal and Duodenal Adenomas After 41 Months of Teduglutide Treatment in a Patient With Short-Bowel Syndrome: A Case Report.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32740933/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"De Novo Development of Distal Jejunal and Duodenal Adenomas After 41 Months of Teduglutide Treatment in a Patient With Short-Bowel Syndrome: A Case Report.\" Abstract excerpt: The glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) analogue teduglutide is a medical treatment option for patients with short-bowel syndrome-associated chronic intestinal failure. Because studies in mice have shown that GLP-2 analogues may promote the growth of colonic neoplasms, surveillance colonoscopies before and during teduglutide therapy were recommended. The occurrence of small-intestinal neoplasms has no","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1002/jpen.1982","pubmedId":"32740933","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/jpen.1982","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:31.658Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"7196c67b-5734-47d9-a8ec-cc59078aafa7","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Reduction of Parenteral Nutrition and Hydration Support and Safety With Long-Term Teduglutide Treatment in Patients With Short Bowel Syndrome-Associated Intestinal Failure: STEPS-3 Study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29761915/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Reduction of Parenteral Nutrition and Hydration Support and Safety With Long-Term Teduglutide Treatment in Patients With Short Bowel Syndrome-Associated Intestinal Failure: STEPS-3 Study.\" Abstract excerpt: Patients with intestinal failure associated with short bowel syndrome (SBS-IF) require parenteral support (PS) to maintain fluid balance or nutrition. Teduglutide (TED) reduced PS requirements in patients with SBS-IF in the randomized, placebo (PBO)-controlled STEPS study (NCT00798967) and its 2-year, open-label extension, STEPS-2 (NCT00930644). STEPS-3 (NCT01560403), a 1-year, open-label extensio","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1002/ncp.10092","pubmedId":"29761915","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/ncp.10092","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:31.732Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"0aa5f4d1-a4ef-4902-8c9a-b5378cd0882f","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Growth trajectories of children with short bowel syndrome during the first year of teduglutide treatment.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42275987/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Growth trajectories of children with short bowel syndrome during the first year of teduglutide treatment.\" Abstract excerpt: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is the leading cause of pediatric intestinal failure and is frequently associated with impaired growth due to malabsorption and prolonged dependence on parenteral nutrition (PN). Teduglutide (TED), a glucagon-like peptide-2 analogue, promotes intestinal adaptation and may reduce PN requirements. Recent real-world data suggest that baseline nutritional status influences t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2026.106702","pubmedId":"42275987","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2026.106702","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:31.807Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"869851d8-18a6-45cc-8fd1-27114cc86c3a","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Intestinal inflammatory and redox responses to the perioperative administration of teduglutide in rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28902941/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Intestinal inflammatory and redox responses to the perioperative administration of teduglutide in rats.\" Abstract excerpt: To investigate the inflammatory and redox responses to teduglutide on an animal model of laparotomy and intestinal anastomosis. Wistar rats (n=62) were allocated into four groups: \"Ileal Resection and Anastomosis\" vs. \"Laparotomy\", each one split into \"Postoperative Teduglutide Administration\" vs. \"No Treatment\"; and euthanized at the third or the seventh day. Ileal and blood samples were recovere","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1590/s0102-865020170080000007","pubmedId":"28902941","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1590/s0102-865020170080000007","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:31.883Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"cbd10a8d-663e-444e-b224-591c78c02952","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Reduction of Parenteral Nutrition in Children with Short Bowel Syndrome Treated with Teduglutide: Experience from the Czech Republic.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40744073/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Reduction of Parenteral Nutrition in Children with Short Bowel Syndrome Treated with Teduglutide: Experience from the Czech Republic.\" Abstract excerpt: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) results from a severe reduction in intestinal absorptive capacity, rendering it insufficient to meet the body's nutritional requirements. Teduglutide represents a novel therapeutic approach for patients with SBS. This study aims to share our experiences and outcomes of Teduglutide treatment in children with SBS, focusing on the development of their anthropometric paramet","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1055/a-2646-0683","pubmedId":"40744073","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1055/a-2646-0683","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:31.960Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"ec047f98-a0e7-40e1-ac40-6027b8e6662d","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Utility of a population pharmacokinetic meta analysis during the approval process of teduglutide for the treatment of short bowel syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25066226/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Utility of a population pharmacokinetic meta analysis during the approval process of teduglutide for the treatment of short bowel syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide is a recombinant analogue of human glucagonlike peptide-2 (GLP-2) that was recently approved by the US and European regulatory agencies FDA and EMA for the treatment of short bowel syndrome (SBS). The objectives of this work were, firstly, to develop a population pharmacokinetic (popPK) model based on the available PK data of the entire clinical development program and, secondly, to ut","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.5414/cp201942","pubmedId":"25066226","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.5414/cp201942","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:32.036Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"43a16c25-0396-4518-bf36-0f285978e017","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Hernia enlargement and pancreatitis in a patient with short bowel syndrome treated with teduglutide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34903028/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Hernia enlargement and pancreatitis in a patient with short bowel syndrome treated with teduglutide.\" Abstract excerpt: Introduction: teduglutide (TED) is indicated for the treatment of patients with short-bowel syndrome (SBS) who are dependent on parenteral support. Case report: we report the case of a 60-year-old woman with SBS treated with TED. She had previously undergone multiple surgical resections due to Crohn's disease. Her remnant bowel included only the duodenum and 50-60 centimeters of jejunum. The patie","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.20960/nh.03879","pubmedId":"34903028","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.20960/nh.03879","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:32.111Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"acf5d345-1697-4c6f-80c2-716e4a81f292","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Quality of life and lived experience of patients with short bowel syndrome treated with teduglutide and weaning off home parenteral nutrition: a qualitative analysis of patient diaries.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40764045/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Quality of life and lived experience of patients with short bowel syndrome treated with teduglutide and weaning off home parenteral nutrition: a qualitative analysis of patient diaries.\" Abstract excerpt: This study aimed to explore the lived experiences and coping strategies of patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) prescribed teduglutide and weaning off home parenteral nutrition (HPN), and to compare the quality of life (QOL) of these patients to patients with SBS but not prescribed teduglutide. A qualitative study was conducted, with patients recruited from a specialist HPN clinic. Participant","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1136/bmjgast-2025-001818","pubmedId":"40764045","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1136/bmjgast-2025-001818","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:32.184Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"bd75d7c6-ad76-4d41-a5af-2c07286e394e","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Maintenance of parenteral nutrition volume reduction, without weight loss, after stopping teduglutide in a subset of patients with short bowel syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21825090/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Maintenance of parenteral nutrition volume reduction, without weight loss, after stopping teduglutide in a subset of patients with short bowel syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide was discontinued after being tested for &#x2265; 24 weeks in patients with parenteral nutrition (PN) -dependent short bowel syndrome in a clinical trial for efficacy to reduce PN volume. This study was describes change in body mass index (BMI) and PN volume over 12 months in patients who stopped drug after the clinical trial. Prescribed PN volume, weight, and complications were reporte","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1177/0148607111414431","pubmedId":"21825090","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/0148607111414431","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:32.259Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"70185c39-0483-4601-9b95-e029be5345cd","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Independence From Parenteral Nutrition and Intravenous Fluid Support During Treatment With Teduglutide Among Patients With Intestinal Failure Associated With Short Bowel Syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27875291/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Independence From Parenteral Nutrition and Intravenous Fluid Support During Treatment With Teduglutide Among Patients With Intestinal Failure Associated With Short Bowel Syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: In phase III clinical studies, treatment with teduglutide was associated with clinically meaningful reductions (&#x2265;20% from baseline) in parenteral support (PS; parenteral nutrition and/or intravenous fluids) requirements in adult patients with intestinal failure associated with short bowel syndrome (SBS-IF). This analysis reports clinical characteristics of patients who achieved complete ind","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1177/0148607116680791","pubmedId":"27875291","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/0148607116680791","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:32.332Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"26441a42-61ab-4bc6-9f70-9ef16b14b1bb","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Comprehensive nutritional assessment in short bowel syndrome with chronic renal failure on teduglutide therapy: A case report.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32088500/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Comprehensive nutritional assessment in short bowel syndrome with chronic renal failure on teduglutide therapy: A case report.\" Abstract excerpt: We report the case of a 62-y-old woman with short bowel syndrome (SBS) and chronic renal failure, successfully treated with teduglutide, who underwent comprehensive systematic nutritional assessment including bioelectrical impedance vectorial analysis (BIVA). The patient did not tolerate the attempt of gradual suspension of parenteral nutrition (PN), bumping into the worsening of nutritional statu","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2020.110720","pubmedId":"32088500","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.nut.2020.110720","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:32.407Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"31f70953-54d5-4b6c-ad5c-5d4ef907c04b","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Clinical trial simulations in pediatric patients using realistic covariates: application to teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-2 analog in neonates and infants with short-bowel syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19847163/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Clinical trial simulations in pediatric patients using realistic covariates: application to teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-2 analog in neonates and infants with short-bowel syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide, a synthetic glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) analog with activity relating to the regeneration, maintenance, and repair of the intestinal epithelium, is currently being evaluated for the treatment of short-bowel syndrome (SBS), Crohn's disease, and other gastrointestinal disorders. On the basis of promising results from teduglutide studies in adults with SBS and from studies in neonata","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1038/clpt.2009.199","pubmedId":"19847163","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/clpt.2009.199","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:32.483Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"ab5f06a4-9fdb-44f5-9184-7cbce5a59bef","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Unexpected upper gastrointestinal polyps in patients with short bowel syndrome treated with teduglutide: need for close monitoring.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37270288/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Unexpected upper gastrointestinal polyps in patients with short bowel syndrome treated with teduglutide: need for close monitoring.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide is a GLP-2 analog indicated for the treatment of short bowel syndrome (SBS) since 2015. Its efficacy in reducing parenteral nutrition (PN) has been shown in patients with SBS. Because teduglutide is a trophic factor, the aim of this study was to assess risk of developing polypoid intestinal lesions during treatment. A retrospective study was conducted in 35 patients with SBS treated wi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.02.015","pubmedId":"37270288","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.02.015","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:32.559Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"3f787f16-357a-4c08-9c1d-bb2e5bf1519d","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Nutritional management of a patient with chronic intestinal failure and hemodialysis receiving teduglutide: A case report.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37481817/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Nutritional management of a patient with chronic intestinal failure and hemodialysis receiving teduglutide: A case report.\" Abstract excerpt: We present the case of a 35-y-old woman with short bowel syndrome secondary to extensive intestinal resection with associated chronic kidney disease who was undergoing hemodialysis. This patient required permanent supplementation with intradialytic parenteral nutrition because of a high-output end-jejunostomy. The patient was a candidate for treatment with teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 2 an","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2023.112137","pubmedId":"37481817","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.nut.2023.112137","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:32.635Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"b2c5e5fd-5a0b-4918-87cf-bc9cf44ca61c","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Clinical Management of Patients With Parenteral Nutrition-Dependent Short Bowel Syndrome During Teduglutide Therapy.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26111832/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Clinical Management of Patients With Parenteral Nutrition-Dependent Short Bowel Syndrome During Teduglutide Therapy.\" Abstract excerpt: Patients with intestinal failure, who are dependent on parenteral nutrition (PN) to supplement their limited absorption of dietary nutrients, are subject to complications associated with long-term PN therapy. Medication therapy that results in improved dietary nutrient absorption may enable these patients to reduce or even become independent from PN therapy and its related complications. The gluca","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1177/0148607115594010","pubmedId":"26111832","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/0148607115594010","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:32.711Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"df67f59c-80ab-4d23-8e6e-8c5f0e786ad5","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Predictive Potential of Biomarkers of Intestinal Barrier Function for Therapeutic Management with Teduglutide in Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37836505/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Predictive Potential of Biomarkers of Intestinal Barrier Function for Therapeutic Management with Teduglutide in Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: The human intestinal tract reacts to extensive resection with spontaneous intestinal adaptation. We analyzed whether gene expression analyses or intestinal permeability (IP) testing could provide biomarkers to describe regulation mechanisms in the intestinal barrier in short bowel syndrome (SBS) patients during adaptive response or treatment with the glucagon-like peptide-2 analog teduglutide. Rel","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3390/nu15194220","pubmedId":"37836505","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/nu15194220","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:32.787Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"d40a4c66-0e92-4bb4-9596-d8977258f133","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"De Novo Development of Hamartomatous Duodenal Polyps in a Patient With Short Bowel Syndrome During Teduglutide Therapy: A Case Report.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28666089/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"De Novo Development of Hamartomatous Duodenal Polyps in a Patient With Short Bowel Syndrome During Teduglutide Therapy: A Case Report.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide (TG) is approved for the treatment of parenteral nutrition (PN)-dependent adult patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS). Its well-known adverse effect is expedited growth of colon polyps and potential formation of new polyps. Apart from animal studies, de novo development of duodenal polyps in a patient during TG therapy has not been reported in the literature. We report a case of a 7","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1177/0148607117718480","pubmedId":"28666089","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/0148607117718480","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:32.940Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"de8e2684-6765-4dcd-98c6-3903edcce385","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Short bowel syndrome and d-lactic acidosis: A case report with supplemental home parenteral nutrition and teduglutide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40086997/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Short bowel syndrome and d-lactic acidosis: A case report with supplemental home parenteral nutrition and teduglutide.\" Abstract excerpt: d-Lactic acidosis is an uncommon cause of acidosis that occurs in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS). Reduced intestinal absorption surface leads to carbohydrate malabsorption, fermented by abnormal colonic bacterial flora, resulting in elevated d-lactate levels. It should be suspected in SBS patients who exhibit typical neurological symptoms without other apparent causes, along with metabol","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.endien.2025.101535","pubmedId":"40086997","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.endien.2025.101535","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:33.015Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"4f6f766b-dcb1-43f4-9f38-8cf883bd55d1","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Patients With Short Bowel on Narcotics During 2 Randomized Trials Have Abdominal Complaints Independent of Teduglutide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27507402/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Patients With Short Bowel on Narcotics During 2 Randomized Trials Have Abdominal Complaints Independent of Teduglutide.\" Abstract excerpt: Narcotic agents are frequently administered to manage increased intestinal motility in patients with short bowel syndrome, but long-term use is associated with gastrointestinal (GI) complaints. This analysis evaluated the incidence of narcotic use and abdominal adverse events among patients with short bowel syndrome receiving teduglutide. Pooled data from patients who received &#x2265;1 dose of te","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1177/0148607116663481","pubmedId":"27507402","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/0148607116663481","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:33.091Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"3b650cf5-efc2-4e06-ac65-7b4659cbe7d5","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Accelerated Colorectal Polyposis in an Immunosuppressed Patient With a Small Bowel Transplant Treated With Teduglutide: Case Report and Review of Literature.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31176580/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Accelerated Colorectal Polyposis in an Immunosuppressed Patient With a Small Bowel Transplant Treated With Teduglutide: Case Report and Review of Literature.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1016/j.clcc.2019.02.006","pubmedId":"31176580","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.clcc.2019.02.006","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:33.167Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"a84faf5e-3366-40c6-84b9-f97903b60538","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Quality of life for pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure treated with teduglutide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41858082/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Quality of life for pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure treated with teduglutide.\" Abstract excerpt: The complex care needs of pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure (SBS-IF) can negatively impact the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients and their caregivers. We assessed the impact of teduglutide on HRQoL of pediatric patients with SBS-IF. Two long-term extension (LTE) studies (NCT02949362, NCT02954458) assessed HRQoL over 96 weeks using the Pedia","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1002/jpn3.70358","pubmedId":"41858082","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/jpn3.70358","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:33.243Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"154f16b5-fb44-497c-a939-b6966ad72106","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Quality of life in patients with short bowel syndrome treated with the new glucagon-like peptide-2 analogue teduglutide--analyses from a randomised, placebo-controlled study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23587733/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Quality of life in patients with short bowel syndrome treated with the new glucagon-like peptide-2 analogue teduglutide--analyses from a randomised, placebo-controlled study.\" Abstract excerpt: Short bowel syndrome (SBS)-intestinal failure (IF) patients have impaired quality of life (QoL) and suffer from the burden of malabsorption and parenteral support (PS). A phase III study demonstrated that treatment with teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 2 analogue, reduces PS volumes by 32% while maintaining oral fluid intake constant; placebo-treated patients had reduced PS by 21%, but oral fl","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2013.03.016","pubmedId":"23587733","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2013.03.016","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:33.319Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"ce665f9b-0f36-4e65-a96e-5b5dafb76ab4","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Assessing the health-related quality of life and clinical effect in children with short bowel syndrome receiving teduglutide treatment.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42410547/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Assessing the health-related quality of life and clinical effect in children with short bowel syndrome receiving teduglutide treatment.\" Abstract excerpt: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) imposes a substantial burden on pediatric patients and their caregivers. Teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) analog, promotes intestinal adaptation by enhancing villus hyperplasia and crypt deepening. This study aimed to evaluate its impact on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of children with SBS and their caregivers. In this matched case-control stu","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1186/s12887-026-07283-7","pubmedId":"42410547","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1186/s12887-026-07283-7","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:33.396Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"46a5b1e7-6223-422f-bef2-42f67179dba8","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Citrulline correlations in short bowel syndrome-intestinal failure by patient stratification: Analysis of 24 weeks of teduglutide treatment from a randomized controlled study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31784300/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Citrulline correlations in short bowel syndrome-intestinal failure by patient stratification: Analysis of 24 weeks of teduglutide treatment from a randomized controlled study.\" Abstract excerpt: Disease-associated factors influence parenteral support (PS) reduction in response to teduglutide in patients with intestinal failure associated-short bowel syndrome (SBS-IF). We sought to determine correlative relationships between plasma citrulline levels, small bowel length, and PS volume. A post hoc analysis of plasma citrulline levels from patients in the STEPS 24-week study of teduglutide in","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2019.11.001","pubmedId":"31784300","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2019.11.001","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:33.472Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"7fec0e47-3da1-435e-9719-387fdab6541e","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"A Patient With Parenteral Nutrition-Dependent Short Bowel Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease With 4-Year Exposure to Teduglutide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25567782/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"A Patient With Parenteral Nutrition-Dependent Short Bowel Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease With 4-Year Exposure to Teduglutide.\" Abstract excerpt: Clinical trials of the glucagon-like peptide 2 analogue teduglutide resulted in approval of the drug by the Food and Drug Administration in 2012 as a treatment for parenteral nutrition-dependent short bowel syndrome in adults. This report presents the case study of a man with short bowel syndrome caused by portal vein thrombosis who had 4 years exposure to the drug at the time of his death due to ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1177/0148607114566466","pubmedId":"25567782","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/0148607114566466","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:33.546Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"d16c409d-f3d2-4671-93e0-2328a355f892","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose, parallel-group clinical trial to assess the effects of teduglutide on gastric emptying of liquids in healthy subjects.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24517114/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose, parallel-group clinical trial to assess the effects of teduglutide on gastric emptying of liquids in healthy subjects.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide, a recombinant analog of human glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-2, is a novel therapy recently approved for the treatment of adult patients with short bowel syndrome who are dependent on parenteral support. Previous studies assessing the effect of GLP-2 on gastric emptying in humans have yielded inconsistent results, with some studies showing no effect and others documenting a GLP-2-depende","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1186/1471-230x-14-25","pubmedId":"24517114","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1186/1471-230x-14-25","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:33.619Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"386ce71c-4b5e-4075-8608-032b91b2fd9a","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Identification of Pappalysin-2 (PAPP-A2), a modulator of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 pathway, as a potential marker of teduglutide efficacy in patients with short bowel syndrome.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40414050/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Identification of Pappalysin-2 (PAPP-A2), a modulator of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 pathway, as a potential marker of teduglutide efficacy in patients with short bowel syndrome.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) analog, is indicated to treat short bowel syndrome (SBS) since 2015. It has been shown to reduce parenteral support (PS) in SBS patients, although patients' response is quite heterogeneous. The exact mechanisms of action of GLP-2 on intestinal cells are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore the intestinal action of teduglutide ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.05.006","pubmedId":"40414050","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2025.05.006","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:33.695Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"62bf6964-bb16-41f5-92b8-7e7f67bcd698","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Expression, purification and molecular dynamics simulation of extracellular domain of glucagon-like peptide-2 receptor linked to teduglutide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34174312/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Expression, purification and molecular dynamics simulation of extracellular domain of glucagon-like peptide-2 receptor linked to teduglutide.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide is the only drug approved for long-term treatment of short bowel syndrome (SBS). This drug exerts its pharmacological effects via binding to the GLP-2 receptors (ECD-GLP2R) located in intestinal tissue. The three dimensional (3D) structure of ECD-GLP2R hasn't been determined yet and hence its mode of interaction with agonists/antagonists is not clear. Therefore, it would be of great im","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.141","pubmedId":"34174312","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.141","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:33.767Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"885ce091-ed5e-4b4c-a24d-151519320c16","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Changes in Parenteral Nutrition Requirements and BMI in Patients with Parenteral Nutrition-Dependent Short Bowel Syndrome after Stopping Teduglutide-9 Years of Follow-Up.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35458196/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Changes in Parenteral Nutrition Requirements and BMI in Patients with Parenteral Nutrition-Dependent Short Bowel Syndrome after Stopping Teduglutide-9 Years of Follow-Up.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide (TED) is widely used in patients with short-bowel-syndrome-associated intestinal failure (SBS-IF) to enhance intestinal adaptation and reduce the need for parenteral support (PS). There are limited data on the effects of discontinuing TED. In this study, we describe the changes in parenteral nutrition (PN) requirements and body mass index (BMI) in a 9-year follow-up of patients receivi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.3390/nu14081634","pubmedId":"35458196","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/nu14081634","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:33.851Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"c15c749c-4e70-4e35-b30a-014b55a2fe9d","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Development of a consensus parenteral solution weaning algorithm for children with short-bowel syndrome associated intestinal failure responding to teduglutide therapy.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41184096/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Development of a consensus parenteral solution weaning algorithm for children with short-bowel syndrome associated intestinal failure responding to teduglutide therapy.\" Abstract excerpt: Teduglutide is a glucagon-like peptide 2 analogue with demonstrated efficacy in reducing parenteral solution (PS) requirements to facilitate enteral autonomy in children with short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure (SBS-IF). There is currently no clear consensus on how to wean PS and monitor children once treatment is commenced, with variable regimens utilised in published paediatric an","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1136/archdischild-2025-328743","pubmedId":"41184096","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1136/archdischild-2025-328743","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:33.927Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"},{"id":"e73653a2-29a0-47c1-be31-132c67708a1e","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","title":"Intestinal iatrogenic hyperadaptation in patients with short bowel syndrome and Crohn's disease: Is this an indication for mandatory lifelong injections of teduglutide?","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34399400/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Teduglutide: \"Intestinal iatrogenic hyperadaptation in patients with short bowel syndrome and Crohn's disease: Is this an indication for mandatory lifelong injections of teduglutide?\" Abstract excerpt: Short bowel syndrome with chronic intestinal failure (SBS-CIF) is a rare disease leading to a markedly decreased absorption of fluids and nutrients. Intestinal adaptation in patients with SBS-CIF who are treated with home parenteral nutrition is a natural repair process activated by increased secretions of glucagon-like peptide-2, inducing intestinal trophism, nutrient transport, and lowering gast","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2021.111396","pubmedId":"34399400","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"teduglutide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.nut.2021.111396","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:34.072Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.651Z"}],"regulatoryStatuses":[{"id":"aa739181-10f8-4aa1-a7af-13c6931ef661","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","jurisdiction":"European Union — EMA","status":"approved","approvedIndication":"Revestive (teduglutide) is indicated for the treatment of patients 4 months corrected gestational age and above with Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS). Patients should be stable following a period of intestinal adaptation after surgery. (Per the current SmPC Section 4.1; supersedes the older '1 year and above' figure still shown in the EMA overview page's summary info box as of this research.)","rationale":"EMA medicine overview documents EU authorization for Revestive (teduglutide); scope is the product and authorized short bowel syndrome indication.","sourceTitle":"European Medicines Agency: Revestive (teduglutide)","sourceUrl":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/revestive","dateChecked":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewDueAt":null,"enteredById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","publicationStatus":"published","factualObservationId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:14:40.721Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.743Z"},{"id":"a5dea127-3a97-453a-bf8c-343317bcdfa5","peptideId":"579582b1-2dfc-4733-a57b-5357c37a38ff","jurisdiction":"United States — FDA","status":"approved","approvedIndication":"GATTEX (teduglutide) is indicated for the treatment of adults and pediatric patients 1 year of age and older with Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) who are dependent on parenteral support.","rationale":"FDA labeling documents approval of GATTEX (teduglutide) for the defined short bowel syndrome indication and population.","sourceTitle":"FDA GATTEX (teduglutide) prescribing information","sourceUrl":"https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2024/203441s022lbl.pdf","dateChecked":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewDueAt":null,"enteredById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","publicationStatus":"published","factualObservationId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:15:33.030Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:26.743Z"}]},{"id":"eca01bfe-966d-48c4-9366-6b3f773b03ae","slug":"teriparatide","commonName":"Teriparatide","alternativeNames":[],"category":"Recombinant human parathyroid hormone fragment (PTH 1-34)","mechanismSummary":"Teriparatide is the recombinant 1–34 amino-acid fragment of human parathyroid hormone and retains the receptor-active N-terminal region of PTH. Intermittent subcutaneous exposure activates PTH1 receptors in bone and kidney; in bone it increases osteoblast activity and remodeling, producing an anabolic treatment effect when used according to an approved regimen. Its effects depend on exposure pattern: intermittent therapeutic administration is not equivalent to sustained endogenous parathyroid-hormone excess. Evidence and authorization are formulation-, indication-, population-, duration-, and sequence-specific.","evidenceQualitySummary":"The governed 25-source corpus includes pivotal and comparative randomized trials, long-term follow-up, systematic reviews and network meta-analyses, pharmacologic and biosimilarity studies, real-world safety surveillance, sequential-treatment studies, and research in postmenopausal, glucocorticoid-induced, and other high-fracture-risk osteoporosis contexts. The archive separately labels fracture endpoints, bone-mineral-density and turnover surrogates, treatment sequencing, fracture-healing hypotheses, special populations, and safety. PubMed identities, titles, authorship, publication metadata, DOI/PMID, teriparatide relevance, source status, and duplication were verified. Study-design grades remain provisional pending accountable claim-level review.","safetyConcernsSummary":"Important risks and limitations include hypercalcemia, orthostatic symptoms, nausea, leg cramps, urolithiasis considerations, and population-specific restrictions and warnings in current labeling. Use in patients with increased baseline risk of osteosarcoma or certain metabolic bone conditions requires careful application of current contraindications and warnings. Animal toxicology findings must not be translated directly into a human risk estimate. Apparent benefits in fracture healing, spinal fusion, osteonecrosis of the jaw, or populations outside labeled indications remain context-dependent and should not be presented as established routine uses.","archiveSummaryNote":"Teriparatide has a large human evidence base supporting an anabolic role in selected patients at high fracture risk, including trials with fracture and bone-density outcomes. The corpus also shows that therapeutic sequence matters: transitioning to or from antiresorptive agents can alter bone-density trajectories, and results cannot be pooled without accounting for prior treatment. Off-label fracture-healing and surgical applications are maintained as separate research lanes. Product equivalence, dosing schedule, geography, baseline risk, and duration remain material sources of heterogeneity.","openQuestionsText":"Which treatment sequences best preserve fracture-risk reduction after teriparatide discontinuation? Which patients derive sufficient incremental benefit to justify cost, injection burden, and safety monitoring? How should evidence be interpreted in advanced kidney disease, younger adults, pregnancy-associated osteoporosis, and rare bone disorders? Which fracture-healing and surgical findings replicate in adequately powered trials with patient-important outcomes? 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At week 26, patients originally on tesamorelin were rerandomized to 2 mg tesamorelin (T-T group, n = 154) or placebo (T-P group, n = 50), whereas patients originally on placebo were switched to tesamorelin (P-T...","authors":"Julian Falutz, Soraya Allas, Jean-Claude Mamputu, Diane Potvin, Donald Kotler, Michael Somero, Daniel Berger, Stephen Brown","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1097/QAD.0b013e32830a5058","pubmedId":"18690162","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes human_interventional evidence concerning Long-term safety and effects of tesamorelin, a growth hormone-releasing factor analogue, in HIV patients with abdominal fat accumulation.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/qad.0b013e32830a5058","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:tesamorelin:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"human_interventional","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration."],"studyDesign":"Randomized or controlled human clinical trial","sourceStrength":{"grade":"A","score":86,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Randomized Controlled Trial","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1097/QAD.0b013e32830a5058","pmid":"18690162","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"20d6e923c8ba0e2e976ca2ff7526963f","peptideId":"e0362116-0ace-4898-bf44-bc5eca4e263a","title":"Predictors of Treatment Response to Tesamorelin, a Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor Analog, in HIV-Infected Patients with Excess Abdominal Fat.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26457580/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Tesamorelin, a synthetic analog of human growth hormone-releasing factor, decreases visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with lipodystrophy. 1) To evaluate the utility of patient characteristics and validated disease-risk scores, namely indicator variables for the metabolic syndrome defined by the International Diabetes Federation (MetS-IDF) or the National Cholesterol Education Program (MetS-NCEP) and the Framingham Risk Score (FRS), as predictors of VAT reduction during tesamorelin therapy at 3 and 6 months, and 2) To explore the characteristics of patients who reached a threshold of VAT <140 cm2, a level associated with lower risk of...","authors":"Alexandra Mangili, Julian Falutz, Jean-Claude Mamputu, Miganush Stepanians, Brooke Hayward","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0140358","pubmedId":"26457580","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes human_interventional evidence concerning Predictors of Treatment Response to Tesamorelin, a Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor Analog, in HIV-Infected Patients with Excess Abdominal Fat.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140358","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:tesamorelin:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"human_interventional","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration."],"studyDesign":"Randomized or controlled human clinical trial","sourceStrength":{"grade":"A","score":86,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Randomized Controlled Trial","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0140358","pmid":"26457580","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"5b865ba9c87443cab3cf931ab8cbddbb","peptideId":"e0362116-0ace-4898-bf44-bc5eca4e263a","title":"Reduction in visceral adiposity is associated with an improved metabolic profile in HIV-infected patients receiving tesamorelin.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22495074/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"Tesamorelin, a growth hormone-releasing hormone analogue, decreases visceral adipose tissue (VAT) by 15%-20% over 6-12 months in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated abdominal adiposity, but it is unknown whether VAT reduction is directly associated with endocrine and metabolic changes. In 2 phase III, randomized, double-blind studies, men and women with HIV-associated abdominal fat accumulation were randomly assigned (ratio, 2:1) to receive tesamorelin or placebo for 26 weeks. At week 26, patients initially receiving tesamorelin were randomly assigned to continue receiving tesamorelin or to receive placebo for an additional 26 weeks. In per-protocol analysis of...","authors":"Takara L Stanley, Julian Falutz, Christian Marsolais, Josée Morin, Graziella Soulban, Jean-Claude Mamputu, Hani Assaad, Ralph Turner","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1093/cid/cis251","pubmedId":"22495074","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes human_interventional evidence concerning Reduction in visceral adiposity is associated with an improved metabolic profile in HIV-infected patients receiving tesamorelin.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/cid/cis251","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:tesamorelin:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"human_interventional","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration."],"studyDesign":"Randomized or controlled human clinical trial","sourceStrength":{"grade":"A","score":91,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Clinical Trial, Phase III","Journal Article","Randomized Controlled Trial","Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1093/cid/cis251","pmid":"22495074","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"9775312ff3487c849a1afe1135d3b5a4","peptideId":"e0362116-0ace-4898-bf44-bc5eca4e263a","title":"The Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone Analogue, Tesamorelin, Decreases Muscle Fat and Increases Muscle Area in Adults with HIV.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31237318/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Tesamorelin, a growth hormone-releasing hormone analogue, decreases visceral adipose tissue in people living with HIV, however, the effects on skeletal muscle fat and area are unknown. The goals of this exploratory secondary analysis were to determine the effects of tesamorelin on muscle quality (density) and quantity (area). Secondary, exploratory analysis of two previously completed randomized (2:1), clinical trials. U.S. and Canadian sites. People living with HIV and with abdominal obesity. Tesamorelin participants were restricted to responders (visceral adipose tissue decrease ≥8%). Tesamorelin or placebo. Computed tomography scans (at L4-L5) were used to quantify total and lean...","authors":"S Adrian, A Scherzinger, A Sanyal, J E Lake, J Falutz, M P Dubé, T Stanley, S Grinspoon","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.14283/jfa.2018.45","pubmedId":"31237318","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes human_interventional evidence concerning The Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone Analogue, Tesamorelin, Decreases Muscle Fat and Increases Muscle Area in Adults with HIV.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.14283/jfa.2018.45","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:tesamorelin:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"human_interventional","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration."],"studyDesign":"Randomized or controlled human clinical trial","sourceStrength":{"grade":"A","score":86,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Randomized Controlled Trial"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.14283/jfa.2018.45","pmid":"31237318","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"efc6ca28be7c106c2529f780fb8174cd","peptideId":"e0362116-0ace-4898-bf44-bc5eca4e263a","title":"The effects of tesamorelin on phosphocreatine recovery in obese subjects with reduced GH.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24178787/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Few studies have assessed the relationship between GH and mitochondrial function. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of improving IGF-I using a GHRH analog, tesamorelin, on mitochondrial function assessed by phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery using (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy in obese adults with reduced GH. A total of 39 obese men and women with reduced GH secretion as determined by GHRH-arginine stimulation tests underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy as part of a 12-month, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial comparing tesamorelin vs placebo. PCr recovery after submaximal exercise was assessed at baseline and at 12 months. At baseline,...","authors":"Hideo Makimura, Caitlin A Murphy, Meghan N Feldpausch, Steven K Grinspoon","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2013-3436","pubmedId":"24178787","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes human_interventional evidence concerning The effects of tesamorelin on phosphocreatine recovery in obese subjects with reduced GH.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1210/jc.2013-3436","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:tesamorelin:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"human_interventional","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration."],"studyDesign":"Randomized or controlled human clinical trial","sourceStrength":{"grade":"A","score":86,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Randomized Controlled Trial","Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1210/jc.2013-3436","pmid":"24178787","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"36a96cceb20abe815cd2175b097c06e4","peptideId":"e0362116-0ace-4898-bf44-bc5eca4e263a","title":"Effects of tesamorelin on inflammatory markers in HIV patients with excess abdominal fat: relationship with visceral adipose reduction.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21516030/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"To report the effects of tesamorelin, a growth hormone-releasing hormone analogue, on inflammatory and fibrinolytic markers and to relate these effects to changes in visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Four hundred and ten HIV-infected patients with abdominal adiposity were randomized to 2 mg tesamorelin (n = 273) or placebo (n = 137) subcutaneously daily for 26 weeks. Circulating plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) antigen, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) antigen, C-reactive protein (CRP), and adiponectin were assessed. At baseline, VAT was significantly associated with PAI-1 antigen (ρ = 0.36, P < 0.001), tPA antigen (ρ = 0.29, P < 0.001), CRP (ρ = 0.18, P < 0.001), and adiponectin...","authors":"Takara L Stanley, Julian Falutz, Jean-Claude Mamputu, Graziella Soulban, Diane Potvin, Steven K Grinspoon","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1097/QAD.0b013e328347f3f1","pubmedId":"21516030","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes human_interventional evidence concerning Effects of tesamorelin on inflammatory markers in HIV patients with excess abdominal fat: relationship with visceral adipose reduction.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/qad.0b013e328347f3f1","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:tesamorelin:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"human_interventional","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration."],"studyDesign":"Randomized or controlled human clinical trial","sourceStrength":{"grade":"A","score":91,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Clinical Trial, Phase III","Journal Article","Randomized Controlled Trial","Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1097/QAD.0b013e328347f3f1","pmid":"21516030","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"b209856c429f4e4c025ec39ae61bf4f9","peptideId":"e0362116-0ace-4898-bf44-bc5eca4e263a","title":"Population pharmacokinetic analysis of tesamorelin in HIV-infected patients and healthy subjects.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25358450/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Tesamorelin is a synthetic analogue of growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF), which increases basal and pulsatile growth hormone (GH) secretion and subsequently increases insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1. Limited information is available about the pharmacokinetics of this compound. Consequently, the aim of this study was to characterize the population pharmacokinetics of tesamorelin in HIV-infected patients and healthy subjects. A total of 38 HIV-infected patients and healthy subjects receiving subcutaneous tesamorelin doses of 1 or 2 mg administered daily during 14 consecutive days were included in the analysis. An open one-compartment model with first- and zero-order absorption and...","authors":"Mario González-Sales, Olivier Barrière, Pierre Olivier Tremblay, Fahima Nekka, Jean-Claude Mamputu, Sylvie Boudreault, Mario Tanguay","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1007/s40262-014-0202-x","pubmedId":"25358450","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes human_interventional evidence concerning Population pharmacokinetic analysis of tesamorelin in HIV-infected patients and healthy subjects.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s40262-014-0202-x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:tesamorelin:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"human_interventional","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration."],"studyDesign":"Randomized or controlled human clinical trial","sourceStrength":{"grade":"A","score":86,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Clinical Trial, Phase I","Journal Article","Randomized Controlled Trial","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1007/s40262-014-0202-x","pmid":"25358450","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"da42a663d05ed6438e209dff00bd2868","peptideId":"e0362116-0ace-4898-bf44-bc5eca4e263a","title":"Body composition, hepatic fat, metabolic, and safety outcomes of Tesamorelin, a GHRH analogue, in HIV-associated lipodystrophy: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41545261/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"HIV-associated lipodystrophy leads to visceral fat accumulation, metabolic complications, body image concerns, medication non-adherence, and increased cardiovascular risks. We thought to assess the effects of Tesamorelin, a synthetic growth hormone-releasing hormone analogue, that has been proposed as a targeted therapy. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and CENTRAL through July 2025 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating Tesamorelin versus placebo in adults with HIV. Random-effects meta-analysis was applied. Outcomes included changes in body composition, hepatic and metabolic parameters, hormonal markers, and adverse events. Risk of bias was...","authors":"Ahmed Samy Badran, Abdulrhman Helal, Karim Samir Shata, Hazem Ayesh","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.orcp.2026.01.002","pubmedId":"41545261","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":"This source contributes meta_analysis evidence concerning Body composition, hepatic fat, metabolic, and safety outcomes of Tesamorelin, a GHRH analogue, in HIV-associated lipodystrophy: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2026.01.002","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:tesamorelin:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"meta_analysis","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods."],"studyDesign":"Systematic review and meta-analysis","sourceStrength":{"grade":"A","score":83,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Meta-Analysis","Journal Article","Systematic Review"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1016/j.orcp.2026.01.002","pmid":"41545261","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"7cfc30a2673b282c10c15ef5f49f89c7","peptideId":"e0362116-0ace-4898-bf44-bc5eca4e263a","title":"Efficacy and Safety of Tesamorelin in People Living With HIV (PLWH) With Lipodystrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42538058/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"BackgroundHIV-associated lipodystrophy, a complication of combined antiretroviral therapy (CART), causes significant physical and psychological distress in people living with HIV (PLWH), compromising treatment adherence. Tesamorelin, a growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analogue, has emerged as a therapeutic option.ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of tesamorelin in HIV-infected individuals with lipodystrophy receiving CART, incorporating GRADE assessment.MethodsWe searched PubMed, https://ClinicalTrials.gov, and Scopus from inception to February 9, 2026, for randomized controlled trials evaluating tesamorelin in HIV-associated lipodystrophy. Mean...","authors":"Aqsa Mohammed Ditta, Ruqaiya Muhammad Naeem, Muhammad Mohsin Sami, Muhammad Abdul Rafey, Hunain Ali, Muhammad Waqar Amjad, Fahad Jahangir, Kehan Ali Rizvi","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1177/23259582261475549","pubmedId":"42538058","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":"This source contributes meta_analysis evidence concerning Efficacy and Safety of Tesamorelin in People Living With HIV (PLWH) With Lipodystrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/23259582261475549","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:tesamorelin:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"meta_analysis","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods."],"studyDesign":"Systematic review and meta-analysis","sourceStrength":{"grade":"A","score":83,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Systematic Review","Meta-Analysis"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1177/23259582261475549","pmid":"42538058","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"fd0a86a1a7e5d7344537484055a60b05","peptideId":"e0362116-0ace-4898-bf44-bc5eca4e263a","title":"Spotlight on tesamorelin in HIV-associated lipodystrophy.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22050344/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Tesamorelin (Egrifta™) is a synthetic analog of human growth hormone-releasing hormone (also known as growth hormone-releasing factor) that stimulates the synthesis and release of endogenous growth hormone. It is the first and, so far, only treatment indicated for the reduction of excess abdominal fat in patients with HIV-associated lipodystrophy. This article reviews the pharmacological properties, clinical efficacy and tolerability of tesamorelin in patients with HIV-associated central fat accumulation. Subcutaneous tesamorelin was effective in reducing visceral adipose tissue (VAT), but did not affect subcutaneous adipose tissue to a clinically significant extent in two 26-week, well...","authors":"Sohita Dhillon","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.2165/11208290-000000000-00000","pubmedId":"22050344","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":"This source contributes systematic_review evidence concerning Spotlight on tesamorelin in HIV-associated lipodystrophy.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2165/11208290-000000000-00000","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:tesamorelin:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"systematic_review","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods."],"studyDesign":"Narrative or scoped review","sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","score":68,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Review"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.2165/11208290-000000000-00000","pmid":"22050344","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"b41c9754b7ba255b6d62ff2a72815cd1","peptideId":"e0362116-0ace-4898-bf44-bc5eca4e263a","title":"Drug evaluation: tesamorelin, a synthetic human growth hormone releasing factor.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17086939/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Theratechnologies, under license from Valeant, is developing tesamorelin as a potential vaccine adjuvant and for the potential treatment of wasting, hip fracture recovery, immune disorders, HIV-related lipodystrophy, sleep maintenance insomnia and mild cognitive impairment. Phase III clinical trials for the treatment of HIV-associated lipodystrophy and phase II clinical trials for sleep disorder, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, hip fracture and immune system dysfunction are underway. Phase II trials are also assessing the influenza vaccination immune response and cognitive effects of tesamorelin.","authors":"Brian Tomlinson","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"17086939","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":"This source contributes systematic_review evidence concerning Drug evaluation: tesamorelin, a synthetic human growth hormone releasing factor.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:17086939","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:tesamorelin:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"systematic_review","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods."],"studyDesign":"Narrative or scoped review","sourceStrength":{"grade":"C","score":63,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Review"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":null,"pmid":"17086939","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"8ef7abb51f1c3dfc38d6e6a2162b05df","peptideId":"e0362116-0ace-4898-bf44-bc5eca4e263a","title":"Efficacy and safety of tesamorelin in people with HIV on integrase inhibitors.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38905488/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Tesamorelin is the only FDA-approved therapy to treat abdominal fat accumulation in people with HIV (PWH). Phase III clinical trials were conducted prior to the introduction of integrase inhibitors (INSTIs), which are now a mainstay of HIV antiretroviral therapy. We leveraged a randomized double-blind trial of 61 PWH and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tesamorelin 2 mg once daily vs. identical placebo among participants on INSTI-based regimens at baseline. In the parent clinical trial, visceral fat cross-sectional area, hepatic fat fraction, and trunk-to-appendicular fat ratio were quantified using magnetic resonance...","authors":"Samuel C Russo, Mollie W Ockene, Allison K Arpante, Julia E Johnson, Hang Lee, Mabel Toribio, Takara L Stanley, Colleen M Hadigan","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000003965","pubmedId":"38905488","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes human_interventional evidence concerning Efficacy and safety of tesamorelin in people with HIV on integrase inhibitors.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/qad.0000000000003965","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:tesamorelin:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"human_interventional","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration."],"studyDesign":"Randomized or controlled human clinical trial","sourceStrength":{"grade":"A","score":86,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Randomized Controlled Trial","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't","Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000003965","pmid":"38905488","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"85e4f539659adfa313482d3a09c35085","peptideId":"e0362116-0ace-4898-bf44-bc5eca4e263a","title":"Effects of tesamorelin on hepatic transcriptomic signatures in HIV-associated NAFLD.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32701508/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common comorbidity among people living with HIV that has a more aggressive course than NAFLD among the general population. In a recent randomized placebo-controlled trial, we demonstrated that the growth hormone-releasing hormone analog tesamorelin reduced liver fat and prevented fibrosis progression in HIV-associated NAFLD over 1 year. As such, tesamorelin is the first strategy that has shown to be effective against NAFLD among the population with HIV. The current study leveraged paired liver biopsy specimens from this trial to identify hepatic gene pathways that are differentially modulated by tesamorelin versus placebo. Using gene set...","authors":"Lindsay T Fourman, James M Billingsley, George Agyapong, Shannan J Ho Sui, Meghan N Feldpausch, Julia Purdy, Isabel Zheng, Chelsea S Pan","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1172/jci.insight.140134","pubmedId":"32701508","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes human_interventional evidence concerning Effects of tesamorelin on hepatic transcriptomic signatures in HIV-associated NAFLD.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1172/jci.insight.140134","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:tesamorelin:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"human_interventional","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration."],"studyDesign":"Randomized or controlled human clinical trial","sourceStrength":{"grade":"A","score":86,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Randomized Controlled Trial","Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural","Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1172/jci.insight.140134","pmid":"32701508","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"97da563802bc798d556939708236a85d","peptideId":"e0362116-0ace-4898-bf44-bc5eca4e263a","title":"Effects of Tesamorelin on Neurocognitive Impairment in Persons With HIV and Abdominal Obesity.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39813152/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"In people with HIV who are virally suppressed with antiretroviral therapy, abdominal obesity (AO) is linked to neurocognitive impairment (NCI), potentially due to visceral adiposity, inflammation, and reduced insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Tesamorelin, a growth hormone-releasing hormone, reduces AO and increases IGF-1, suggesting that it might mitigate NCI in people with HIV and viral suppression. This 6-month phase 2 randomized open-label clinical trial compared tesamorelin vs standard of care (SOC) for NCI in people with HIV who were virally suppressed and abdominally obese (elevated waist circumference [WC]). Exclusions included conditions other than HIV causing NCI, active...","authors":"Ronald J Ellis, Florin Vaida, Keren Hu, Michael Dube, Brook Henry, Felicia Chow, Robert K Heaton, Daniel Lee","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf012","pubmedId":"39813152","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes human_interventional evidence concerning Effects of Tesamorelin on Neurocognitive Impairment in Persons With HIV and Abdominal Obesity.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/infdis/jiaf012","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:tesamorelin:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"human_interventional","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration."],"studyDesign":"Randomized or controlled human clinical trial","sourceStrength":{"grade":"A","score":86,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Clinical Trial, Phase II","Journal Article","Multicenter Study","Randomized Controlled Trial"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf012","pmid":"39813152","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"1c0bdc3af91dfbdd0e0e29da3074bc43","peptideId":"e0362116-0ace-4898-bf44-bc5eca4e263a","title":"Tesamorelin: a review of its use in the management of HIV-associated lipodystrophy.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21668043/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Tesamorelin (Egrifta™) is a synthetic analogue of human growth hormone-releasing hormone (also known as growth hormone-releasing factor) that stimulates the synthesis and release of endogenous growth hormone. It is the first and, so far, only treatment indicated for the reduction of excess abdominal fat in patients with HIV-associated lipodystrophy. This article reviews the pharmacological properties, clinical efficacy and tolerability of tesamorelin in patients with HIV-associated central fat accumulation. Subcutaneous tesamorelin was effective in reducing visceral adipose tissue (VAT), but did not affect subcutaneous adipose tissue to a clinically significant extent in two 26-week,...","authors":"Sohita Dhillon","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.2165/11202240-000000000-00000","pubmedId":"21668043","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":"This source contributes systematic_review evidence concerning Tesamorelin: a review of its use in the management of HIV-associated lipodystrophy.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2165/11202240-000000000-00000","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:tesamorelin:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"systematic_review","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods."],"studyDesign":"Narrative or scoped review","sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","score":68,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Review"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.2165/11202240-000000000-00000","pmid":"21668043","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"0e9df998fb8b2de550f8360bdfa26ea1","peptideId":"e0362116-0ace-4898-bf44-bc5eca4e263a","title":"Tesamorelin, a human growth hormone releasing factor analogue.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19243281/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"The combination of clinical effectiveness with a variety of adverse side effects from the use of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in therapy for growth hormone (GH)-deficient disorders has led to the development of human growth hormone releasing factor (GFR) analogues, which may be better tolerated. Tesamorelin, a synthetic GFR, has been developed as a potential treatment for a variety of conditions that may be associated with a relative deficiency of GH including HIV-related lipodystrophy. This article reviews the development of tesamorelin and its purported role in HIV-related lipodystrophy and other potential indications. Relevant articles and abstracts were obtained from...","authors":"Ying Wang, Brian Tomlinson","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1517/13543780802707658","pubmedId":"19243281","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":"This source contributes systematic_review evidence concerning Tesamorelin, a human growth hormone releasing factor analogue.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1517/13543780802707658","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:tesamorelin:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"systematic_review","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods."],"studyDesign":"Narrative or scoped review","sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","score":68,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Review"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1517/13543780802707658","pmid":"19243281","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"ae65f06647aff793347592f6f6341537","peptideId":"e0362116-0ace-4898-bf44-bc5eca4e263a","title":"Tesamorelin: a growth hormone-releasing factor analogue for HIV-associated lipodystrophy.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22298602/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tesamorelin, a growth hormone releasing factor analogue approved by the Food and Drug Administration in November 2010 for the treatment of lipodystrophy associated with HIV infection. Literature was obtained through MEDLINE (1948-November 2011) and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970-October 2011) using the search terms tesamorelin, TH9507, growth hormone releasing factor, and HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome. Additional publications were obtained through review of references within primary literature publications as well as pertinent Web sites. 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It does not negate approvals or lawful status in other jurisdictions and does not independently determine efficacy or safety.","sourceTitle":"Drugs@FDA: FDA-Approved Drugs","sourceUrl":"https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/","dateChecked":"2026-09-08T19:43:04.229Z","reviewDueAt":"2026-12-07T19:43:04.229Z","enteredById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","publicationStatus":"published","factualObservationId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T19:43:04.229Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T19:43:04.229Z"},{"id":"a00c8921e1efbf3918d93123935f7012","peptideId":"ced6d428-0ad4-43b5-bf89-21ed495fc82f","jurisdiction":"European Union (EMA)","status":"not_approved","approvedIndication":"No centrally authorized EMA thymosin alpha-1 or thymalfasin medicine was identified in the EMA medicines database as of 8 September 2026.","rationale":"This is a time-bounded review of central EU authorization. It does not replace member-state, clinical-trial, special-access, or non-EU regulatory analysis.","sourceTitle":"European Medicines Agency medicines database","sourceUrl":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines","dateChecked":"2026-09-08T19:43:04.229Z","reviewDueAt":"2026-12-07T19:43:04.229Z","enteredById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","publicationStatus":"published","factualObservationId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T19:43:04.229Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T19:43:04.229Z"}]},{"id":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","slug":"thymosin-beta-4","commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","alternativeNames":[],"category":"Endogenous peptide","mechanismSummary":"Thymosin beta-4 is an endogenous peptide studied in actin-related biology and experimental tissue repair. It should be distinguished from marketed products or fragments such as TB-500, which may differ in identity and evidence.","evidenceQualitySummary":"WPF’s atlas contains mechanistic and preclinical work, including a rat tendon-healing study involving TB-500, as well as research on product purity. Animal or material-science findings do not demonstrate clinical benefit in people, and the identity of a marketed sample cannot be assumed from its label.","safetyConcernsSummary":"No published source-linked citations or jurisdiction-specific regulatory records are attached here. Biological plausibility, animal healing signals, and product-marketing claims do not establish human efficacy or safety.","archiveSummaryNote":"WPF's separate observational archive may include contributor reports mentioning thymosin beta-4. As with every entry in that archive, these de-identified reports can suggest questions but cannot establish causation, efficacy, comparative safety, or event frequency, and should not be conflated with reports about a differently-identified product or fragment such as TB-500.","openQuestionsText":"Which administered molecule was actually characterized in each study? Are there controlled human outcomes for a defined preparation? How do identity, purity, and safety vary across the studied materials?","active":true,"createdAt":"2026-08-27T06:13:56.687Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.522Z","entityClass":"endogenous_peptide","entityClassSource":"inferred","entityClassReviewed":false,"entityClassReviewedBy":null,"entityClassReviewedAt":null,"registryStatus":"canonical","registryTier":"flagship","acquisitionEnabled":true,"publicationState":"published","editorialState":"published","chemistry":{"id":"3e2e0875-b9af-4034-92c0-c0ac65b7c061","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","molecularFormula":"C212H350N56O78S","molecularWeight":4963,"aminoAcidSequence":null,"smiles":"CCC(C)C(C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)NC(CC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)N)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CC(=O)N)C(=O)N2CCCC2C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)N3CCCC3C(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NC(C(C)CC)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)N)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)N)C(=O)NC(C)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CCSC)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)O)NC(=O)C4CCCN4C(=O)C(CCCCN)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C","inchi":"InChI=1S/C212H350N56O78S/c1-16-106(7)166(261-190(323)131(64-75-160(292)293)231-172(305)109(10)228-174(307)134(78-91-347-15)245-196(329)140(98-165(302)303)255-201(334)147-53-39-88-266(147)209(342)135(52-29-38-87-221)250-197(330)139(97-164(300)301)254-198(331)143(100-269)229-113(14)276)204(337)246-129(62-73-158(288)289)187(320)233-118(47-24-33-82-216)179(312)252-137(94-114-42-19-18-20-43-114)194(327)253-138(96-163(298)299)195(328)237-121(50-27-36-85-219)181(314)258-144(101-270)199(332)239-119(48-25-34-83-217)178(311)251-136(92-104(3)4)193(326)236-116(45-22-31-80-214)175(308)235-122(51-28-37-86-220)189(322)263-168(110(11)273)207(340)249-133(66-77-162(296)297)192(325)264-169(111(12)274)206(339)248-126(58-69-152(224)279)184(317)243-128(61-72-157(286)287)186(319)234-120(49-26-35-84-218)180(313)256-142(95-153(225)280)211(344)268-90-40-54-148(268)202(335)257-141(93-105(5)6)210(343)267-89-41-55-149(267)203(336)259-145(102-271)200(333)238-117(46-23-32-81-215)177(310)244-132(65-76-161(294)295)191(324)265-170(112(13)275)208(341)262-167(107(8)17-2)205(338)247-130(63-74-159(290)291)188(321)241-125(57-68-151(223)278)183(316)242-127(60-71-156(284)285)185(318)232-115(44-21-30-79-213)176(309)240-124(56-67-150(222)277)173(306)227-108(9)171(304)226-99-154(281)230-123(59-70-155(282)283)182(315)260-146(103-272)212(345)346/h18-20,42-43,104-112,115-149,166-170,269-275H,16-17,21-41,44-103,213-221H2,1-15H3,(H2,222,277)(H2,223,278)(H2,224,279)(H2,225,280)(H,226,304)(H,227,306)(H,228,307)(H,229,276)(H,230,281)(H,231,305)(H,232,318)(H,233,320)(H,234,319)(H,235,308)(H,236,326)(H,237,328)(H,238,333)(H,239,332)(H,240,309)(H,241,321)(H,242,316)(H,243,317)(H,244,310)(H,245,329)(H,246,337)(H,247,338)(H,248,339)(H,249,340)(H,250,330)(H,251,311)(H,252,312)(H,253,327)(H,254,331)(H,255,334)(H,256,313)(H,257,335)(H,258,314)(H,259,336)(H,260,315)(H,261,323)(H,262,341)(H,263,322)(H,264,325)(H,265,324)(H,282,283)(H,284,285)(H,286,287)(H,288,289)(H,290,291)(H,292,293)(H,294,295)(H,296,297)(H,298,299)(H,300,301)(H,302,303)(H,345,346)","inchikey":"UGPMCIBIHRSCBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N","structureImageUrl":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/45382195/PNG","createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:36:54.398Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T02:36:54.398Z"},"citations":[{"id":"d8bc52c1-789f-43f8-8beb-fb297172125a","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Thymosin Beta-4 Is Elevated in Women With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28611096/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Thymosin Beta-4 Is Elevated in Women With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.\" Abstract excerpt: Thymosin beta-4 (TB4) is an X-linked gene product with cardioprotective properties. Little is known about plasma concentration of TB4 in heart failure (HF), and its relationship with other cardiovascular biomarkers. We sought to evaluate circulating TB4 in HF patients with preserved (HFpEF) or reduced (HFrEF) ejection fraction compared to non-HF controls. TB4 was measured using a liquid chromatogr","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1161/jaha.117.005586","pubmedId":"28611096","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=12). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1161/jaha.117.005586","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:30.232Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"b83a01ea-6bf1-4dff-b8af-152793481016","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Sources of variability in quantifying circulating thymosin beta-4: literature review and recommendations.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29502471/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Sources of variability in quantifying circulating thymosin beta-4: literature review and recommendations.\" Abstract excerpt: Thymosin beta-4 (TB4) is an endogenous peptide with protective and regenerative effects in models of cellular and organ injury. TB4 is increasingly measured as a potential plasma or serum biomarker in human cardiovascular, liver, infectious, and autoimmune disease. The focus of this review is the quantification of TB4 in clinical cohort studies and whether reported TB4 concentrations differ with r","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1080/14712598.2018.1448382","pubmedId":"29502471","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/14712598.2018.1448382","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:31.097Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"d1652ffe-cb64-428f-9311-55822c252e34","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Thymosin beta-4 - A potential tool in healing middle ear lesions in adult mammals.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38706788/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Thymosin beta-4 - A potential tool in healing middle ear lesions in adult mammals.\" Abstract excerpt: Acute tympanic membrane perforations primarily occur due to injury or infection in humans. In acute cases, nearly 80-94 % of the perforations heal spontaneously. In chronic cases, non-surgical treatment becomes significantly limited, and the perforation can be restored only by myringoplasty. In addition to classical grafts such as the fascia or cartilage, promising results have been reported with ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109830","pubmedId":"38706788","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109830","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:34.527Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"80e1421f-4161-4d6a-926e-0e07e9b8bc42","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"The Role of Tβ4-POP-Ac-SDKP Axis in Organ Fibrosis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36362069/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"The Role of Tβ4-POP-Ac-SDKP Axis in Organ Fibrosis.\" Abstract excerpt: Fibrosis is a pathological process in which parenchymal cells are necrotic and excess extracellular matrix (ECM) is accumulated due to dysregulation of tissue injury repair. Thymosin &#x3b2;4 (T&#x3b2;4) is a 43 amino acid multifunctional polypeptide that is involved in wound healing. Prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) is the main enzyme that hydrolyzes T&#x3b2;4 to produce its derivative N-acetyl-seryl-","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.3390/ijms232113282","pubmedId":"36362069","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/ijms232113282","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:35.503Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"cf1b1d70-18b6-4bcc-bbb1-e7f3c1ea28fd","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"In vivo growth suppression of CT-26 mouse colorectal cancer cells by adenovirus-expressed small hairpin RNA specifically targeting thymosin beta-4 mRNA.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25124811/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"In vivo growth suppression of CT-26 mouse colorectal cancer cells by adenovirus-expressed small hairpin RNA specifically targeting thymosin beta-4 mRNA.\" Abstract excerpt: Thymosin beta-4 (T&#x3b2;4) is known to be involved in tumorigenesis. Overexpression of this polypeptide has been observed in a wide variety of cancers, including colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Accordingly, T&#x3b2;4 has been proposed to be a novel therapeutic target for CRC, especially in its metastatic form. Although in vitro tumor-suppressive effects of T&#x3b2;4 gene silencing mediated by small h","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1038/cgt.2014.43","pubmedId":"25124811","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/cgt.2014.43","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:38.223Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"8b59c219-d222-4ae5-9bb7-623cb63f7156","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Hypoxia/reoxygenation-experienced cancer cell migration and metastasis are regulated by Rap1- and Rac1-GTPase activation via the expression of thymosin beta-4.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25888632/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Hypoxia/reoxygenation-experienced cancer cell migration and metastasis are regulated by Rap1- and Rac1-GTPase activation via the expression of thymosin beta-4.\" Abstract excerpt: Signaling by small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPase), Rap1/Rac1, is one of the major pathways controlling cancer cell migration and tumor metastasis. Thymosin beta-4 (T&#x3b2;4), an actin-sequestering protein, has been shown to increase migration of cancer cells. Episodes of hypoxia and re-oxygenation (H/R) are an important phenomenon in tumor microenvironment (TME). We investigated whether T&#x3","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.18632/oncotarget.3218","pubmedId":"25888632","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.18632/oncotarget.3218","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:38.300Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"698f0f96-72c3-4363-b112-49dd0442b886","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Cellular trafficking of thymosin beta-4 in HEPG2 cells following serum starvation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23967050/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Cellular trafficking of thymosin beta-4 in HEPG2 cells following serum starvation.\" Abstract excerpt: Thymosin beta-4 (T&#x3b2;4) is an ubiquitous multi-functional regenerative peptide, related to many critical biological processes, with a dynamic and flexible conformation which may influence its functions and its subcellular distribution. For these reasons, the intracellular localization and trafficking of T&#x3b2;4 is still not completely defined and is still under investigation in in vivo as we","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0067999","pubmedId":"23967050","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067999","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:36.154Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"705306d9-9771-443e-979c-513b18e49d9c","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Thymosin Beta-4 Modulates Cardiac Remodeling by Regulating ROCK1 Expression in Adult Mammals.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40362372/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Thymosin Beta-4 Modulates Cardiac Remodeling by Regulating ROCK1 Expression in Adult Mammals.\" Abstract excerpt: Although a myocardial infarction occurs roughly every minute in the U.S. alone, medical research has yet to unlock the key to fully enabling post-hypoxic myocardial regeneration. Thymosin beta-4 (TB4), a short, secreted peptide, was shown to possess a beneficial impact regarding myocardial cell survival, coronary re-growth and progenitor cell activation following myocardial infarction in adult mam","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3390/ijms26094131","pubmedId":"40362372","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=179, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/ijms26094131","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:30.303Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"0a936b30-cd9e-40ac-8dad-88d91019516b","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Thymosin beta-4 prenatal administration improves fetal development and halts side effects due to preterm delivery.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33506933/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Thymosin beta-4 prenatal administration improves fetal development and halts side effects due to preterm delivery.\" Abstract excerpt: Thymosin beta 4 (TB4) is the most abundant member of the beta-thymosin family in humans. The main physiological role of TB4 is the regulation of actin polymerization. TB4 is also involved in angiogenesis, cell survival, cell migration and fetal development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of TB4 as a fetal growth promoter when administered during pregnancy. Our protocols have be","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202101_24411","pubmedId":"33506933","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=17, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.26355/eurrev_202101_24411","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:30.372Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"18477114-841d-4ade-b746-5ed29b1ddbae","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Thymosin beta-4 regulates activation of hepatic stellate cells via hedgehog signaling.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28630423/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Thymosin beta-4 regulates activation of hepatic stellate cells via hedgehog signaling.\" Abstract excerpt: The molecular mechanisms of thymosin beta-4 (TB4) involved in regulating hepatic stellate cell (HSC) functions remain unclear. Therefore, we hypothesize that TB4 influences HSC activation through hedgehog (Hh) pathway. HSC functions declined in a TB4 siRNA-treated LX-2. TB4 suppression down-regulated both integrin linked kinase (ILK), an activator of smoothened, and phosphorylated glycogen synthas","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-017-03782-x","pubmedId":"28630423","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=28, totalMentions=11). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41598-017-03782-x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:30.444Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"f67e4b2f-2359-446a-bc87-e883a0f516bc","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"A thymosin beta-4 is involved in production of hemocytes and immune defense of Hong Kong oyster, Crassostrea hongkongensis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26695126/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"A thymosin beta-4 is involved in production of hemocytes and immune defense of Hong Kong oyster, Crassostrea hongkongensis.\" Abstract excerpt: Thymosin beta-4 (T&#x3b2;4) is a ubiquitous protein with multiple and diverse intracellular and extracellular functions in vertebrates. In this study, the full-length cDNA of T&#x3b2;4 was cloned and identified in Crassostrea hongkongensis, designated as ChT&#x3b2;4. The full-length cDNA of ChT&#x3b2;4 consists of 530&#xa0;bp with an open reading frame of 126&#xa0;bp encoding a 41 amino acid polyp","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2015.12.007","pubmedId":"26695126","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.dci.2015.12.007","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:30.517Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"abe8b19e-6653-4501-97c8-f19735688863","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"No effect of thymosin beta-4 on the expression of the transcription factor Islet-1 in the adult murine heart.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29864245/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"No effect of thymosin beta-4 on the expression of the transcription factor Islet-1 in the adult murine heart.\" Abstract excerpt: The transcription factor Islet-1 marks a progenitor cell population of the second heart field during cardiogenesis. In the adult heart Islet-1 expression is limited to the sinoatrial node, the ventricular outflow tract, and parasympathetic ganglia. The regenerative effect in the injured mouse ventricle of thymosin beta-4 (TB4), a 43-aminoacid peptide, was associated with increased Islet-1 immunost","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1002/prp2.407","pubmedId":"29864245","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=307, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/prp2.407","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:30.589Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"266f4286-e478-4127-9d59-a0fdc87b613a","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Protection of thymosin beta-4 on corneal endothelial cells from UVB-induced apoptosis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21793328/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Protection of thymosin beta-4 on corneal endothelial cells from UVB-induced apoptosis.\" Abstract excerpt: Cornea absorbs most of daily ultraviolet (UV) light. An excess of UV damages results in not only keratopathy and cataract but also maculopathy. It has been reported that thymosin beta-4 (Tbeta4) promotes wound healing, decreases inflammatory response and prevents apoptosis of corneal epithelial cells. However, it is not clear whether Tbeta4 protects UVB-induced corneal injury, particularly in corn","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.4077/cjp.2010.amh091","pubmedId":"21793328","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=170, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.4077/cjp.2010.amh091","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:30.661Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"acb7d86e-ea7b-4c85-bc3f-07e3b7487e8b","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Expression of thymosin beta-4 and related genes in developing human brain","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02919408","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Expression of thymosin beta-4 and related genes in developing human brain\" Abstract excerpt: The retinoic acid-responsive thymosin beta-10 gene is known to be developmentally regulated in the human brain. We now report the novel finding that thymosin beta-4, a structurally related 5-kDa actin-sequestering protein, is also subject to a similar but not identical pattern of expression during normal human neuroembryogenesis. However, while thymosin beta-10 mRNA was undetectable (by northern b","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1992,"doi":"10.1007/bf02919408","pubmedId":"1627460","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=149, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/bf02919408","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:30.735Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"35ee1441-ccb3-4a00-a06f-3565aee224ae","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Localization of thymosin beta-4 in tumors.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17495241/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Localization of thymosin beta-4 in tumors.\" Abstract excerpt: Overexpression of thymosin beta-4 has been linked to malignant progression but the localization of this polypeptide within tumors is incompletely known. We therefore examined breast cancers for thymosin beta-4 using immunofluorescence. Reactive cells were identified with monoclonal cell marker antibodies. A very heterogeneous staining pattern for thymosin beta-4 was observed. Thus, while leukocyte","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1196/annals.1415.005","pubmedId":"17495241","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=18, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1196/annals.1415.005","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:30.808Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"1bca6202-5207-45d0-b357-15178981a971","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Aberrant Expression of Thymosin Beta-4 Correlates With Advanced Disease and BRAF V600E Mutation in Thyroid Cancer.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36321670/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Aberrant Expression of Thymosin Beta-4 Correlates With Advanced Disease and BRAF V600E Mutation in Thyroid Cancer.\" Abstract excerpt: Thymosin beta-4 (TMSB4X) was recently identified as a differentially expressed gene between malignant and non-malignant thyroid cells via single-cell RNA sequencing. In the present study, we aimed to study the immunostaining pattern of TMSB4X in benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that normal thyroid tissue or benign thyroid disorders exhibited undetectabl","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1369/00221554221138370","pubmedId":"36321670","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1369/00221554221138370","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:30.881Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"605434c7-5037-4fc2-a911-033b00bd321a","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Actin-sequestering protein, thymosin beta-4, is a novel hypoxia responsive regulator.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20821256/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Actin-sequestering protein, thymosin beta-4, is a novel hypoxia responsive regulator.\" Abstract excerpt: Angiogenesis is induced by soluble factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) released from tumor cells in hypoxia. It enhances solid tumor growth and provides an ability to establish metastasis at peripheral sites by tumor cell migration. Thymosin beta-4 (TB4) is an actin-sequestering protein to control cytoskeletal reorganization. Here, we investigated whether angiogenesis and tum","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1007/s10585-010-9350-z","pubmedId":"20821256","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=255, totalMentions=12). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s10585-010-9350-z","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:30.952Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"20cffe46-2a8b-4438-b15d-8e3908c02110","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Actin-sequestering protein, thymosin beta-4, induces paclitaxel resistance through ROS/HIF-1α stabilization in HeLa human cervical tumor cells","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2010.07.002","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Actin-sequestering protein, thymosin beta-4, induces paclitaxel resistance through ROS/HIF-1α stabilization in HeLa human cervical tumor cells\" Abstract excerpt: We investigated whether actin-sequestering protein, thymosin beta-4 (TB4)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) affect the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF)-1alpha and paclitaxel-resistance induction. HeLa human cervical tumor cells were used. The percentage of cell survival was determined by MTT assay. ROS production, cell cycle and hypodiploid cell formation were asse","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1016/j.lfs.2010.07.002","pubmedId":"20637781","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=52, totalMentions=13). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2010.07.002","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:31.025Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"20b0e8e1-0cdb-43af-848e-7f8e75a49854","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 counter-regulates thymosin beta-4 expression and primary cilium formation for HeLa cervical cancer cell survival.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36424462/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 counter-regulates thymosin beta-4 expression and primary cilium formation for HeLa cervical cancer cell survival.\" Abstract excerpt: We investigated the function of thymosin beta-4 (TB4) expression and primary cilium (PC) formation via the underlying Nrf2-dependent mechanism for cervical cancer cell (CC) survival under conditions of serum deprivation (SD). TB4 silencing was achieved using RNA interference. The percentage of PC formation was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. Nrf2 expression was modified by the&#xa0;prepar","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-022-24596-6","pubmedId":"36424462","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=32, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41598-022-24596-6","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:31.169Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"edc91e5f-208c-4239-9986-f3cba66ae543","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF)-1 alpha stabilization by actin-sequestering protein, thymosin beta-4 (TB4) in Hela cervical tumor cells.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18272284/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF)-1 alpha stabilization by actin-sequestering protein, thymosin beta-4 (TB4) in Hela cervical tumor cells.\" Abstract excerpt: Thymosin beta-4 (TB4) is an actin-sequestering protein to control cytoskeletal reorganization. Here, we investigated whether TB4 proteins (TB4P) affect tumor microenvironment by measuring hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF)-1 alpha stabilization in cervical tumor cells, since TB4P reduced paclitaxel-induced cell death rate. TB4P increased HIF-1 alpha stabilization and transactivation, whi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1016/j.canlet.2008.01.004","pubmedId":"18272284","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2008.01.004","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:31.240Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"4a49c565-6fb3-47d9-9e56-e9b41318f458","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced tumor growth is regulated by primary cilium formation via the axis of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production-thymosin beta-4 gene expression.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33526986/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced tumor growth is regulated by primary cilium formation via the axis of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production-thymosin beta-4 gene expression.\" Abstract excerpt: Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) that is one of the most commonly used phthalates in manufacturing plastic wares regulates tumorigenesis. Thymosin beta-4 (TB4), an actin-sequestering protein, has been reported as a novel regulator to form primary cilia that are antenna-like organelles playing a role in various physiological homeostasis and pathological development including tumorigenesis. Here, ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.7150/ijms.53595","pubmedId":"33526986","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=140, totalMentions=11). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.7150/ijms.53595","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:31.312Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"67c950dd-39ba-4799-afbd-5d5794e99706","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Thymosin beta-4 overexpression correlates with high-risk groups in gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors: A retrospective analysis by immunohistochemistry.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28756979/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Thymosin beta-4 overexpression correlates with high-risk groups in gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors: A retrospective analysis by immunohistochemistry.\" Abstract excerpt: Thymosin beta-4 (T&#x3b2;4) is a protein that is linked to a number of important biological actions and recently tumor progression and poor prognosis of some tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate T&#x3b2;4 expression in gastric GISTs and correlate with some clinicopathological characteristics related with prognosis and clinical outcome in order to add further data to the current literature","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1016/j.prp.2017.07.005","pubmedId":"28756979","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.prp.2017.07.005","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:34.148Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"a27c466d-d39d-4224-bbf6-aa11ac46d465","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Tβ4-Engineered ADSC Extracellular Vesicles Rescue Cell Senescence Through Separable Microneedle Patches for Diabetic Wound Healing.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40279568/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Tβ4-Engineered ADSC Extracellular Vesicles Rescue Cell Senescence Through Separable Microneedle Patches for Diabetic Wound Healing.\" Abstract excerpt: Microneedles loaded with bioactive substances have demonstrated efficacy in wound healing, while their application in the elderly chronic wounds, aggravated by cellular senescence, is still a significant challenge. Here, a novel therapeutic strategy is presented utilizing Thymosin &#x3b2;4 (T&#x3b2;4)-modified adipose-derived stem cell extracellular vesicles (ADSC-EVs) delivered via separable micr","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1002/advs.202505009","pubmedId":"40279568","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/advs.202505009","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:34.224Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"066e9d65-2fc8-4f30-a16e-cead3af7a6a3","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Tβ4-17 peptide enhances the chemo-sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to DDP by affecting NF-κB signaling pathway.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41205079/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Tβ4-17 peptide enhances the chemo-sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to DDP by affecting NF-κB signaling pathway.\" Abstract excerpt: Ovarian cancer is a gynecologic malignancy with high mortality and poor prognosis. Chemoresistance is a key cause of ovarian cancer recurrence and metastasis. It has been found that some bioactive peptides can inhibit the growth and metastasis of cancer cells and promote cell apoptosis, thus exerting anti-cancer effects. T&#x3b2;4-17 is a small polypeptide that we selected using ITRAQ technology, ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s12032-025-03106-4","pubmedId":"41205079","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s12032-025-03106-4","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:34.299Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"49a89764-b86a-4e47-a85f-b3339ca9167d","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Thymosin beta-4 participate in antibacterial immunity and wound healing in black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37689229/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Thymosin beta-4 participate in antibacterial immunity and wound healing in black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon.\" Abstract excerpt: Thymosin beta-4 (T&#x3b2;4) is a ubiquitous protein with multiple and diverse intracellular and extracellular functions in vertebrates, which play fundamental roles in innate immune against pathogens and wound healing. In this study, the full-length cDNA of T&#x3b2;4 was cloned from Penaeus monodon (designated as PmT&#x3b2;4), using the technology of rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The cD","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109065","pubmedId":"37689229","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin beta(4)\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109065","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:34.376Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"0ca935cb-9581-4272-aefb-865790a9985e","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Thymosin beta-4 denotes new directions towards developing prosperous anti-aging regenerative therapies.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36709593/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Thymosin beta-4 denotes new directions towards developing prosperous anti-aging regenerative therapies.\" Abstract excerpt: Our dream of defeating the processes of organ damage and aging remains a challenge scientists pursued for hundreds of years. Although the goal is to successfully treat the body as a whole, steps towards regenerating individual organs are even considered significant. Since initial approaches utilizing only progenitor cells appear limited, we propose interconnecting our collective knowledge regardin","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109741","pubmedId":"36709593","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109741","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:34.451Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"c7f0b1cc-e125-4ace-a3ab-a3c3b17e171e","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Thymosin beta-4 improves endothelial function and reparative potency of diabetic endothelial cells differentiated from patient induced pluripotent stem cells.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35012642/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Thymosin beta-4 improves endothelial function and reparative potency of diabetic endothelial cells differentiated from patient induced pluripotent stem cells.\" Abstract excerpt: Prior studies show that signature phenotypes of diabetic human induced pluripotent stem cells derived endothelial cells (dia-hiPSC-ECs) are disrupted glycine homeostasis, increased senescence, impaired mitochondrial function and angiogenic potential as compared with healthy hiPSC-ECs. In the current study, we aimed to assess the role of thymosin &#x3b2;-4 (Tb-4) on endothelial function using dia-h","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1186/s13287-021-02687-x","pubmedId":"35012642","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1186/s13287-021-02687-x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:34.603Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"16a6d29b-fc1f-4ac6-b700-ddf41a643d23","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Tβ4-overexpression based on the piggyBac transposon system in cashmere goats alters hair fiber characteristics.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27900536/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Tβ4-overexpression based on the piggyBac transposon system in cashmere goats alters hair fiber characteristics.\" Abstract excerpt: Increasing cashmere yield is one of the vital aims of cashmere goats breeding. Compared to traditional breeding methods, transgenic technology is more efficient and the piggyBac (PB) transposon system has been widely applied to generate transgenic animals. For the present study, donor fibroblasts were stably transfected via a PB donor vector containing the coding sequence of cashmere goat thymosin","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1007/s11248-016-9988-7","pubmedId":"27900536","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s11248-016-9988-7","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:34.675Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"eae8e09c-06bb-43a6-95c1-36e1a964d286","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Thymosin Beta-4 Suppresses Osteoclastic Differentiation and Inflammatory Responses in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26789270/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Thymosin Beta-4 Suppresses Osteoclastic Differentiation and Inflammatory Responses in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells.\" Abstract excerpt: Recent reports suggest that thymosin beta-4 (T&#x3b2;4) is a key regulator for wound healing and anti-inflammation. However, the role of T&#x3b2;4 in osteoclast differentiation remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate T&#x3b2;4 expression in H2O2-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs), the effects of T&#x3b2;4 activation on inflammatory response in PDLCs and osteocla","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0146708","pubmedId":"26789270","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0146708","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:34.751Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"b15304c2-2705-4a88-9c43-78afea1c9cb3","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Thymosin Beta-4 Induces Mouse Hair Growth.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26083021/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Thymosin Beta-4 Induces Mouse Hair Growth.\" Abstract excerpt: Thymosin beta-4 (T&#x3b2;4) is known to induce hair growth and hair follicle (HF) development; however, its mechanism of action is unknown. We generated mice that overexpressed T&#x3b2;4 in the epidermis, as well as T&#x3b2;4 global knockout mice, to study the role of T&#x3b2;4 in HF development and explore the mechanism of T&#x3b2;4 on hair growth. To study T&#x3b2;4 function, we depilated contro","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0130040","pubmedId":"26083021","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0130040","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:34.826Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"8c103b5a-3fd1-442e-bf9d-fcad7e9c59b0","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Thymosin Beta-4 Recombinant Adeno-associated Virus Enhances Human Nucleus Pulposus Cell Proliferation and Reduces Cell Apoptosis and Senescence.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26021512/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Thymosin Beta-4 Recombinant Adeno-associated Virus Enhances Human Nucleus Pulposus Cell Proliferation and Reduces Cell Apoptosis and Senescence.\" Abstract excerpt: Thymosin beta-4 (TB-4) is considered key roles in tissue development, maintenance and pathological processes. The study aimed to prove TB-4 positive biological function on nucleus pulposus (NP) cell apoptosis and slowing the process of cell aging while increasing the cell proliferation. TB-4 recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) was constructed and induced to human NP cells. Cell of same group ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.4103/0366-6999.157686","pubmedId":"26021512","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.4103/0366-6999.157686","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:34.899Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"9af36cd8-ac67-4ad0-b498-2b3ebad56e81","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Thymosin beta-4 knockdown in IEC-6 normal intestinal epithelial cells induces DNA re-replication via downregulating Emi1.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24615569/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Thymosin beta-4 knockdown in IEC-6 normal intestinal epithelial cells induces DNA re-replication via downregulating Emi1.\" Abstract excerpt: Thymosin &#x3b2;4 (T&#x3b2;4 ) is a multifunctional protein already used clinically to treat various diseases; however, the promoting effect of this protein on tumor malignancy should not be neglected. Here, we assessed whether T&#x3b2;4 alteration influences normal intestinal epithelial cells because T&#x3b2;4 is deemed a novel target for treating colorectal cancer (CRC). For this purpose, we exa","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1002/jcp.24609","pubmedId":"24615569","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/jcp.24609","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:34.976Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"f0cf1555-24c2-4f43-8aa9-ccc5798f7ef1","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Thymosin beta-4 promotes mesenchymal stem cell proliferation via an interleukin-8-dependent mechanism.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23712052/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Thymosin beta-4 promotes mesenchymal stem cell proliferation via an interleukin-8-dependent mechanism.\" Abstract excerpt: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great promise for the field of tissue regeneration. Because only a limited number of MSCs can be obtained from each donor site, it is important to establish standard methods for MSC expansion using growth and trophic factors. Thymosin &#x3b2;4 (T&#x3b2;4) is a novel trophic factor that has antimicrobial effects and the potential to promote tissue repair. T&#x3b2;","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.04.014","pubmedId":"23712052","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.04.014","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:35.051Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"22b4dfdc-276c-49c3-8f0c-d8d21eaae8cb","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Thymosin beta-4 directs cell fate determination of human mesenchymal stem cells through biophysical effects.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19637215/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Thymosin beta-4 directs cell fate determination of human mesenchymal stem cells through biophysical effects.\" Abstract excerpt: Change of actin filament organization at the early stage of cell differentiation directs cell fate commitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Thymosin beta-4 (Tbeta(4)), a major G-actin sequestering peptide, is known to regulate the cytoskeleton. The study investigated the ways in which Tbeta(4) regulates cell fate determination in MSCs upon differentiation induction. It was found that Tbeta(4) ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1002/jor.20956","pubmedId":"19637215","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/jor.20956","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:35.128Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"2e97f368-07ee-4fc4-bdb2-0c91f91f6a4f","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Thymosin beta-4 upregulates anti-oxidative enzymes and protects human cornea epithelial cells against oxidative damage","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2007.136747","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Thymosin beta-4 upregulates anti-oxidative enzymes and protects human cornea epithelial cells against oxidative damage\" Abstract excerpt: The ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) is crucial for cornea epithelial cells to resist oxidative damage. The authors previously demonstrated that exogenous thymosin beta-4 (T beta(4)) was able to protect human cornea epithelial (HCE-T) cells against H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative damage, and its cellular internalisation was essential. The aim of this study is to further elucidate its p","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1136/bjo.2007.136747","pubmedId":"18480304","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1136/bjo.2007.136747","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:35.205Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"8abfafde-b5ab-4eb0-9cc9-48880a98e6d6","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Adjunctive Thymosin Beta-4 Treatment Influences PMN Effector Cell Function during <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>-Induced Corneal Infection.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34944086/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Adjunctive Thymosin Beta-4 Treatment Influences PMN Effector Cell Function during <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>-Induced Corneal Infection.\" Abstract excerpt: Previous work examining the therapeutic efficacy of adjunct thymosin beta 4 (T&#x3b2;4) to ciprofloxacin for ocular infectious disease has revealed markedly reduced inflammation (inflammatory mediators and innate immune cells) with increased activation of wound healing pathways. Understanding the therapeutic mechanisms of action have further revealed a synergistic effect with ciprofloxacin to enha","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.3390/cells10123579","pubmedId":"34944086","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/cells10123579","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:35.279Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"b7ae141c-b867-4ee6-8833-1525352d0e0e","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Adjunctive Thymosin Beta-4 Treatment Influences MΦ Effector Cell Function to Improve Disease Outcome in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>-Induced Keratitis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34681676/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Adjunctive Thymosin Beta-4 Treatment Influences MΦ Effector Cell Function to Improve Disease Outcome in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>-Induced Keratitis.\" Abstract excerpt: Our previous work has shown that topical thymosin beta 4 (T&#x3b2;4) as an adjunct to ciprofloxacin treatment reduces inflammatory mediators and inflammatory cell infiltrates (neutrophils/PMN and macrophages/M&#x3a6;) while enhancing bacterial killing and wound healing pathway activation in an experimental model of P. aeruginosa -induced keratitis. This study aimed to mechanistically examine how T","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.3390/ijms222011016","pubmedId":"34681676","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/ijms222011016","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:35.352Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"852e9929-2d77-4f43-8bb4-3a8f35e8cdbf","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Upregulated Tβ4 expression in inflammatory bowel disease impairs the intestinal mucus barrier by inhibiting autophagy in mice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38049080/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Upregulated Tβ4 expression in inflammatory bowel disease impairs the intestinal mucus barrier by inhibiting autophagy in mice.\" Abstract excerpt: Disrupted intestinal barrier homeostasis is fundamental to inflammatory bowel disease. Thymosin &#x3b2;4 (T&#x3b2;4) improves inflammation and has beneficial effects in dry-eye diseases, but its effects on the intestinal mucus barrier remain unknown. Therefore, this study evaluated the underlying regulatory mechanisms and effects of T&#x3b2;4 by examining T&#x3b2;4 expression in a mouse model with","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113871","pubmedId":"38049080","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113871","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:35.429Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"82f6513e-0315-436f-bf94-2964e0d0bf6a","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Electrospun thymosin Beta-4 loaded PLGA/PLA nanofiber/ microfiber hybrid yarns for tendon tissue engineering application.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31753373/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Electrospun thymosin Beta-4 loaded PLGA/PLA nanofiber/ microfiber hybrid yarns for tendon tissue engineering application.\" Abstract excerpt: Microfiber yarns (MY) have been widely employed to construct tendon tissue grafts. However, suboptimal ultrastructure and inappropriate environments for cell interactions limit their clinical application. Herein, we designed a modified electrospinning device to coat poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) PLGA nanofibers onto polylactic acid (PLA) MY to generate PLGA/PLA hybrid yarns (HY), which had a well-","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.msec.2019.110268","pubmedId":"31753373","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.msec.2019.110268","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:35.579Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"b9ea4a90-beb3-48d4-a1c1-71f1a9338afc","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Function of Thymosin Beta-4 in Ethanol-Induced Microglial Activation","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000445578","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Function of Thymosin Beta-4 in Ethanol-Induced Microglial Activation\" Abstract excerpt: Neuroinflammation mediated by activated microglia may play a pivotal role in a variety of central nervous system (CNS) pathologic conditions, including ethanol-induced neurotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the function of T&#x3b2;4 in ethanol-induced microglia activation. Quantitative real-time PCR was conducted to assess the expression of T&#x3b2;4 and miR-339-5p. Western bl","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1159/000445578","pubmedId":"27189760","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1159/000445578","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:35.655Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"0aa02f0c-b580-4bc7-a952-f59569678cc9","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Expression of thymosin beta-4 in human periodontal ligament cells and mouse periodontal tissue and its role in osteoblastic/cementoblastic differentiation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26361868/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Expression of thymosin beta-4 in human periodontal ligament cells and mouse periodontal tissue and its role in osteoblastic/cementoblastic differentiation.\" Abstract excerpt: A recent report showed that thymosin beta-4 (T&#x3b2;4) is expressed during the development of tooth germ, but its effect on osteoblastic/cementoblastic differentiation is a controversial topic. Furthermore, the precise expression and function of T&#x3b2;4 in periodontal tissue remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the immunolocalization of T&#x3b2;4 in the devel","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1016/j.diff.2015.08.003","pubmedId":"26361868","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.diff.2015.08.003","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:35.728Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"80fea3de-ffe1-4ab0-916a-0b2c7ad8745b","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Recombinant human thymosin beta-4 (rhTβ4) improved scalp condition and microbiome homeostasis in seborrheic dermatitis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34318587/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Recombinant human thymosin beta-4 (rhTβ4) improved scalp condition and microbiome homeostasis in seborrheic dermatitis.\" Abstract excerpt: Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a recurrent common inflammatory skin disease that affects all ethnic groups in all regions worldwide. However, no specific treatment or preventive measure is yet available. Identifying effective treatments with acceptable safety and tolerability is desirable. In this study, scalp microbiota alterations were measured in SD, showing significantly greater abundance of Ma","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.13897","pubmedId":"34318587","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/1751-7915.13897","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:35.804Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"5c0057ca-9f96-492e-b885-d2e08105bf4a","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Recombinant Human Thymosin Beta-4 Protects against Mouse Coronavirus Infection.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33967626/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Recombinant Human Thymosin Beta-4 Protects against Mouse Coronavirus Infection.\" Abstract excerpt: Coronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped and harbor an unusually large (30-32 kb) positive-strand linear RNA genome. Highly pathogenic coronaviruses cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) (MERS-CoV) in humans. The coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) infects mice and serves as an ideal model of viral pathogenesis, mainly be","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1155/2021/9979032","pubmedId":"33967626","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1155/2021/9979032","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:35.878Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"fc71ef2f-f5c6-4203-9abf-9c61828c236e","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Association between Thymosin beta-4, acute kidney injury, and mortality in patients with sepsis: An observational cohort study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34607232/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Association between Thymosin beta-4, acute kidney injury, and mortality in patients with sepsis: An observational cohort study.\" Abstract excerpt: Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome, associated with high risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) and in-hospital mortality. Thymosin beta-4 (T&#x3b2;4) is an actin-sequestering protein that can prevent inflammation in several tissues. Thus, we studied the role of T&#x3b2;4 in sepsis. The T&#x3b2;4 concentrations were prospectively measured in 191 patients within 6&#xa0;h of the intensiv","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108167","pubmedId":"34607232","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108167","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:35.983Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"144000a5-79d2-4a01-b540-a59de0f45a06","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"MALDI-imaging reveals thymosin beta-4 as an independent prognostic marker for colorectal cancer.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26556858/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"MALDI-imaging reveals thymosin beta-4 as an independent prognostic marker for colorectal cancer.\" Abstract excerpt: DNA aneuploidy has been identified as a prognostic factor for epithelial malignancies. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is a powerful tool for direct analysis of multiple proteins in tissue sections while maintaining the cellular and molecular integrity. We compared diploid and aneuploid colon cancer tissues against normal mucosa of the colon by m","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.18632/oncotarget.6103","pubmedId":"26556858","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.18632/oncotarget.6103","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:36.079Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"5bdd2f0e-bff1-4f90-a021-f4954011d10d","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Mechanistic study of the Tβ4/SLC7A11 signaling pathway regulating breast cancer evolution.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40912522/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Mechanistic study of the Tβ4/SLC7A11 signaling pathway regulating breast cancer evolution.\" Abstract excerpt: Thymosin &#x3b2;4 (T&#x3b2;4) plays a critical role in breast cancer progression, yet its molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we identified that T&#x3b2;4 is significantly upregulated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines, and its high expression correlates with poor clinical outcomes. Functionally, T&#x3b2;4 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, epithelial-mesenc","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.cellsig.2025.112111","pubmedId":"40912522","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2025.112111","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:36.244Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"a7733d90-7405-49d0-813d-2810811744e8","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Targeted heart repair by Tβ4-loaded cardiac-resident macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles modified with monocyte membranes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37597679/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Targeted heart repair by Tβ4-loaded cardiac-resident macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles modified with monocyte membranes.\" Abstract excerpt: Recent studies have demonstrated the critical role of cardiac-resident macrophages (cMacs) in the maintenance of physiological homeostasis. However, recruitment of circulating monocyte-derived macrophages decreases cMac levels post-myocardial infarction (MI). Transplanting cMacs is not an ideal option due to their low survival rates and the risk of immunological rejection. However, extracellular v","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.actbio.2023.08.022","pubmedId":"37597679","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin beta(4)\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2023.08.022","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:36.329Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"ba187f70-171c-4d99-b112-102d29795c7e","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Antimicrobial Effects of Thymosin Beta-4 and Ciprofloxacin Adjunctive Therapy in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Induced Keratitis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32961846/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Antimicrobial Effects of Thymosin Beta-4 and Ciprofloxacin Adjunctive Therapy in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Induced Keratitis.\" Abstract excerpt: Prior work has indicated that thymosin beta 4 (T&#x3b2;4) administered with ciprofloxacin markedly improves disease outcome for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA)-induced keratitis. As a result, the goal of the current study was to elucidate mechanisms by which T&#x3b2;4 mitigates the corneal response; specifically, regarding its bactericidal influence and potential synergy with ciprofloxacin. An in vitr","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.3390/ijms21186840","pubmedId":"32961846","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/ijms21186840","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:36.434Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"e1f84f9d-3e4c-4fb3-a5c9-6e97a6cf0a7d","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"A Novel Combination Therapy Tβ4/VIP Protects against Hyperglycemia-Induced Changes in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37998149/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"A Novel Combination Therapy Tβ4/VIP Protects against Hyperglycemia-Induced Changes in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells.\" Abstract excerpt: Despite the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy, the majority of adult diabetic patients develop visually debilitating corneal complications, including impaired wound healing. Unfortunately, there is limited treatment for diabetes-induced corneal damage. The current project investigates a novel, peptide-based combination therapy, thymosin beta-4 and vasoactive intestinal peptide (T&#x3b2;4/VIP), ag","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3390/bios13110974","pubmedId":"37998149","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin beta(4)\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/bios13110974","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:36.556Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"a3ad7b97-c260-44b8-93fd-50e81075c82f","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Possibility of HIV gp41 and thymosin beta-4 sharing the same antigenic epitope","sourceUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00002030-198905000-00013","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Possibility of HIV gp41 and thymosin beta-4 sharing the same antigenic epitope\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1989,"doi":"10.1097/00002030-198905000-00013","pubmedId":"2475143","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: OpenAlex. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/00002030-198905000-00013","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:36.631Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"fff30f46-57df-4f24-b2fb-4e9cbb8621c1","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Enhancing fat graft survival: thymosin beta-4 facilitates mitochondrial transfer from ADSCs via tunneling nanotubes by upregulating the Rac/F-actin pathway.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39761767/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Enhancing fat graft survival: thymosin beta-4 facilitates mitochondrial transfer from ADSCs via tunneling nanotubes by upregulating the Rac/F-actin pathway.\" Abstract excerpt: Autologous fat grafting is a widely used technique in plastic and reconstructive surgery, but its efficacy is often limited by the poor survival rate of transplanted adipose tissue. This study aims to enhance the survival of fat grafts by investigating the role of thymosin beta-4 (T&#x3b2;4) in facilitating mitochondrial transfer from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to adipocytes and newly form","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.12.061","pubmedId":"39761767","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.12.061","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:36.708Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"215bad0e-5f9e-4e5a-b301-4da1eba0bf10","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Expression and localisation of thymosin beta-4 in the developing human early fetal heart.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30412598/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Expression and localisation of thymosin beta-4 in the developing human early fetal heart.\" Abstract excerpt: The objective of this study was to investigate the expression and localisation of thymosin &#x3b2;4 (T&#x3b2;4) in the developing human heart. T&#x3b2;4 is a cardioprotective protein which may have therapeutic potential. While T&#x3b2;4 is an endogenously produced protein with known importance during development, its role within the developing human heart is not fully understood. Elucidating the l","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0207248","pubmedId":"30412598","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0207248","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:36.784Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"0b956cc1-715b-4dc2-89ea-0f4bb8a49bf5","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"The actin-sequestering protein thymosin beta-4 is a novel target of hypoxia-inducible nitric oxide and HIF-1α regulation.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25271630/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"The actin-sequestering protein thymosin beta-4 is a novel target of hypoxia-inducible nitric oxide and HIF-1α regulation.\" Abstract excerpt: The actin-sequestering protein thymosin beta-4 (T&#x3b2;4) is involved in various cellular and physiological processes such as proliferation, motility, growth and metastasis. Nitric oxide (NO) promotes tumor invasiveness and metastasis by activating various enzymes. Herein, we investigated whether hypoxia-inducible NO regulates T&#x3b2;4 expression and cancer cell migration using HeLa cervical can","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0106532","pubmedId":"25271630","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106532","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:36.860Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"73d43c27-92b7-41b2-afae-cf1ab80b978a","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Recombinant Human Thymosin β4 (rhTβ4) Modulates the Anti-Inflammatory Responses to Alleviate Benzalkonium Chloride (BAC)-Induced Dry Eye Disease.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35628276/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Recombinant Human Thymosin β4 (rhTβ4) Modulates the Anti-Inflammatory Responses to Alleviate Benzalkonium Chloride (BAC)-Induced Dry Eye Disease.\" Abstract excerpt: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial ocular disorder that interferes with daily living and reduces quality of life. However, there is no most ideal therapeutic treatment to address all the deleterious defects of DED. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of recombinant human thymosin &#x3b2;4 (rhT&#x3b2;4) to promote healing in a benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced mice DED","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.3390/ijms23105458","pubmedId":"35628276","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/ijms23105458","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:36.936Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"0d04b8eb-4305-4622-947c-3e8b72a0b9c1","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Multiple functional involvement of thymosin beta-4 in tooth germ development.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23052839/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Multiple functional involvement of thymosin beta-4 in tooth germ development.\" Abstract excerpt: Thymosin beta-4 (T&#x3b2;4) is known to be ubiquitously involved in the actin monomer sequestering on the cytoskeleton. Our previous study showed specific temporal and special in situ expression pattern of T&#x3b2;4 mRNA in dental epithelial and mesenchymal cells in the developing tooth germ of the mouse lower first molar. In this study, we examined the functional implications of T&#x3b2;4 in the ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1007/s00418-012-1033-1","pubmedId":"23052839","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00418-012-1033-1","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:37.007Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"e4e7504c-74f7-4384-bea5-d17323a81277","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Identification of tubulin beta chain, thymosin beta-4-like protein 3, and cytochrome b-c₁ complex subunit 1 as serological diagnostic biomarkers of gastric cancer.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23747515/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Identification of tubulin beta chain, thymosin beta-4-like protein 3, and cytochrome b-c₁ complex subunit 1 as serological diagnostic biomarkers of gastric cancer.\" Abstract excerpt: Despite major advances in its diagnosis and treatment, gastric cancer (GC) remains a major life-threatening disease. Treatment of the disease is further aggravated by the lack of diagnostic biomarkers that can aid in the early detection of GC and promote its favorable prognosis. The present work aims to identify novel diagnostic biomarkers for GC. The present work is a case-control study that focu","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.05.068","pubmedId":"23747515","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.05.068","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:37.085Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"432ba343-04de-4e87-9d8e-84766856ad2e","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Identification and characterization of thymosin beta-4 in chicken macrophages using whole cell MALDI-TOF.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17947593/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Identification and characterization of thymosin beta-4 in chicken macrophages using whole cell MALDI-TOF.\" Abstract excerpt: The aim of the study was to determine chicken monocyte- and granulocyte-associated peptides and proteins using \"whole cell\" matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and to characterize the peptides based on their abundance. The mass spectra showed a prominent peak at m/z 4963 in monocytes/macrophages but not in the granulocytes. Subsequent purific","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1196/annals.1415.028","pubmedId":"17947593","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1196/annals.1415.028","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:37.159Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"24c5ffa0-8353-4009-bd89-9d0063360d71","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Effect of toll-like receptor activation on thymosin beta-4 production by chicken macrophages.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20614231/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Effect of toll-like receptor activation on thymosin beta-4 production by chicken macrophages.\" Abstract excerpt: Thymosin beta-4 (T&#x3b2;4) is an actin-binding intracellular peptide that promotes wound healing, tissue remodeling, and angiogenesis. The mechanism of T&#x3b2;4 secretion to the extracellular environment is not understood. The macrophage is a rich source of T&#x3b2;4 which also participates in wound healing process. The objective of this study was to find how T&#x3b2;4 may be externalized. Using","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1007/s11010-010-0528-0","pubmedId":"20614231","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s11010-010-0528-0","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:37.236Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"45cebce8-7203-441a-8896-a62379394399","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 by thymosin beta-4 is associated with gastric cancer cell migration.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22328534/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 by thymosin beta-4 is associated with gastric cancer cell migration.\" Abstract excerpt: Thymosin beta-4 (T&#x3b2;4), actin-sequestering protein, plays important roles in many cellular functions including cancer cell migrations. Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) in Wnt signaling pathway is a key molecule to control intercellular interaction. Here, we investigated whether GSK-3 activity is regulated by T&#x3b2;4 and it is associated with T&#x3b2;4-mediated migration in gastric cancer cell","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1002/ijc.27490","pubmedId":"22328534","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/ijc.27490","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:37.311Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"64799c45-d21e-43ca-8f11-4b73cf09d8e1","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs induce thymosin beta-4 and alter actin cytoskeletal organization in human colorectal cancer cells.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15292456/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs induce thymosin beta-4 and alter actin cytoskeletal organization in human colorectal cancer cells.\" Abstract excerpt: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used for their anti-inflammatory effects and have been shown to have chemopreventive effects as well. NSAIDs inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) activity to exert their anti-inflammatory effects, but it is not clear whether their antitumorigenic ability is through COX inhibition. Using subtractive hybridization, we previously identified a novel mem","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1124/jpet.104.070664","pubmedId":"15292456","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1124/jpet.104.070664","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:37.387Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"06a6f539-b094-41e3-94e8-35e02a6dbb9c","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Global Proteomics-based Identification and Validation of Thymosin Beta-4 X-Linked as a Prognostic Marker for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28831179/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Global Proteomics-based Identification and Validation of Thymosin Beta-4 X-Linked as a Prognostic Marker for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.\" Abstract excerpt: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents a major health concern worldwide. We applied the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) to analyze paired normal (N) and tumor (T) samples from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma as well as liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis in HNSCC cell lines to identify t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-017-09539-w","pubmedId":"28831179","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41598-017-09539-w","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:37.463Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"349fc536-0626-4263-9fa9-eddaed0b6d5c","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Decidualization-empowered ECM hydrogel integrating sustained Tβ4 release drives endometrial regeneration in intrauterine adhesions.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41565687/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Decidualization-empowered ECM hydrogel integrating sustained Tβ4 release drives endometrial regeneration in intrauterine adhesions.\" Abstract excerpt: Intrauterine adhesions (IUA), a leading cause of female infertility, result from a pathological switch in the uterine injury response from regeneration to fibrotic scarring. Current treatments are often inadequate as they fail to address this fundamental shift. Here, we report a \"decidualization-empowered\" hydrogel that reverses this pathology by synergistically combining a bioactive extracellular","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-026-68677-w","pubmedId":"41565687","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin beta(4)\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41467-026-68677-w","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:37.540Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"01ea0a4a-749c-44a3-8879-6a19cf8715c9","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Reparative Outcomes in Corneal Infection: Linking Adjunctive Tβ4 Treatment to Nerve Regeneration and Visual Function.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42283548/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Reparative Outcomes in Corneal Infection: Linking Adjunctive Tβ4 Treatment to Nerve Regeneration and Visual Function.\" Abstract excerpt: Previous studies have shown that adjunctive thymosin beta-4 (T&#x3b2;4) with ciprofloxacin reduces bacterial keratitis severity, enhances wound repair, and promotes a return to homeostasis. However, its impact on corneal nerves and visual function, two critical but often overlooked determinants of long-term outcomes, remains unexplored. The present study addresses this gap by evaluating whether ad","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1167/iovs.67.6.22","pubmedId":"42283548","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin beta(4)\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1167/iovs.67.6.22","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:37.615Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"5c8ff6c9-0af0-4b59-b69d-cece04957956","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Utilizing Developmentally Essential Secreted Peptides Such as Thymosin Beta-4 to Remind the Adult Organs of Their Embryonic State-New Directions in Anti-Aging Regenerative Therapies.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34071596/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Utilizing Developmentally Essential Secreted Peptides Such as Thymosin Beta-4 to Remind the Adult Organs of Their Embryonic State-New Directions in Anti-Aging Regenerative Therapies.\" Abstract excerpt: Our dream of defeating the processes of aging has occupied the curious and has challenged scientists globally for hundreds of years. The history is long, and sadly, the solution is still elusive. Our endeavors to reverse the magnitude of damaging cellular and molecular alterations resulted in only a few, yet significant advancements.&nbsp;Furthermore, as our lifespan increases, physicians are faci","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.3390/cells10061343","pubmedId":"34071596","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/cells10061343","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:37.692Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"fdf0e6bd-b35e-44a5-88e3-e1e6d981f61d","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Highly effective biosynthesis of N-acetylated human thymosin β4 (Tβ4) in Escherichia coli.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29989423/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Highly effective biosynthesis of N-acetylated human thymosin β4 (Tβ4) in Escherichia coli.\" Abstract excerpt: Thymosin &#x3b2;4 (T&#x3b2;4) is a multifunctional N-acetylated peptide with distinct activities important at various stages. Due to its potential multiple therapeutic uses in many fields, there is an increasing need of T&#x3b2;4 at lower costs than with the use of chemical synthesis. In this research, we developed a method to produce rhT&#x3b2;4 with N-acetylation in E. coli. Firstly, the E. coli","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1080/21691401.2018.1489268","pubmedId":"29989423","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/21691401.2018.1489268","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:37.768Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"55826f0d-b39d-483a-bdb3-8699433d628e","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Activation of pro-resolving pathways mediate the therapeutic effects of thymosin beta-4 during <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>-induced keratitis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39380984/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Activation of pro-resolving pathways mediate the therapeutic effects of thymosin beta-4 during <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>-induced keratitis.\" Abstract excerpt: Current treatments for bacterial keratitis fail to address the sight-threatening inflammatory host response. Our recent work elucidating the therapeutic mechanisms of adjunctive thymosin beta-4 (T&#x3b2;4) in resolving inflammation and infection in bacterial keratitis revealed modulation of effector cell function and enhanced bacterial killing. The current study builds upon the observed effects on","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2024.1458684","pubmedId":"39380984","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1458684","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:37.844Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"d0fdc2fb-4918-4abc-8e00-e11a1d8d8cda","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"In vivo CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screening using quantitative PCR identifies thymosin beta-4 X-linked that promotes diffuse-type gastric cancer metastasis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34081824/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"In vivo CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screening using quantitative PCR identifies thymosin beta-4 X-linked that promotes diffuse-type gastric cancer metastasis.\" Abstract excerpt: Gastric cancer (GC) is histologically classified into intestinal-type gastric cancer (IGC) and diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC), and the latter is poorly differentiated and highly metastatic. In this study, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, we described a complete protocol for in vivo CRISPR-Cas9-based knockout screening of essential genes for DGC metastasis. We functionally","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1002/mc.23326","pubmedId":"34081824","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/mc.23326","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:37.920Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"c27c8d53-f3c5-4de5-9752-f988ecc8d970","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Circular RNA PIP5K1A (circPIP5K1A) accelerates endometriosis progression by regulating the miR-153-3p/Thymosin Beta-4 X-Linked (TMSB4X) pathway.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34546850/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Circular RNA PIP5K1A (circPIP5K1A) accelerates endometriosis progression by regulating the miR-153-3p/Thymosin Beta-4 X-Linked (TMSB4X) pathway.\" Abstract excerpt: As a common gynecologic disease, endometriosis (EM) poses a threat to the reproductive health of about 10% women globally. Recent studies have revealed that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are deeply implicated in EM pathogenesis. However, the functions of circPIP5K1A in EM have not been studied yet. Our study intended to uncover the molecular mechanism of circPIP5K1A in EM. In this work, gene and protei","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1080/21655979.2021.1978618","pubmedId":"34546850","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/21655979.2021.1978618","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:37.996Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"11d57a72-5f94-45aa-b207-b68c2de619e2","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Transplantation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Obese Diabetic Rats Following Myocardial Infarction: Role of Thymosin Beta-4.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32290541/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Transplantation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Obese Diabetic Rats Following Myocardial Infarction: Role of Thymosin Beta-4.\" Abstract excerpt: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are bone-marrow derived cells that are critical in the maintenance of endothelial wall integrity and protection of ischemic myocardium through the formation of new blood vessels (vasculogenesis) or proliferation of pre-existing vasculature (angiogenesis). Diabetes mellitus (DM) and the metabolic syndrome are commonly associated with ischemic heart disease throug","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.3390/cells9040949","pubmedId":"32290541","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/cells9040949","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:38.072Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"},{"id":"41ad7db2-6680-4064-8903-1add05fa1e4b","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","title":"Detection and quantification of the metabolite Ac-Tβ<sub>1-14</sub> in in vitro experiments and urine of rats treated with Ac-Tβ4: A potential biomarker of Ac-Tβ4 for doping tests.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37515313/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Thymosin beta-4: \"Detection and quantification of the metabolite Ac-Tβ<sub>1-14</sub> in in vitro experiments and urine of rats treated with Ac-Tβ4: A potential biomarker of Ac-Tβ4 for doping tests.\" Abstract excerpt: Thymosin &#x3b2;4 (T&#x3b2;4) was reported to exert various beneficial bioactivities such as tissue repair, anti-inflammation, and reduced scar formation, and it is listed on the prohibited substances in sports by the World Anti-Doping Agency. However, no metabolism studies of T&#x3b2;4 were reported yet. Previously, our lab reported in in vitro experiment that a total of 13 metabolites were found","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1002/dta.3552","pubmedId":"37515313","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"Thymosin\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/dta.3552","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:38.147Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.593Z"}],"regulatoryStatuses":[{"id":"7f464d98-fe8f-430d-84dd-4197eda703dd","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","jurisdiction":"United States — FDA","status":"not_approved","approvedIndication":null,"rationale":"No FDA-approved product containing thymosin beta-4 was identified in the FDA Drugs@FDA database as of 2026-09-23. Thymosin beta-4 remains an unapproved, investigational compound with no completed FDA marketing review. Absence of a record in this search is not proof that no authorization exists under a different product name or application. Status remains product- and date-specific.","sourceTitle":"FDA Drugs@FDA database","sourceUrl":"https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/","dateChecked":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewDueAt":"2026-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","enteredById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","publicationStatus":"published","factualObservationId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:42:19.024Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.671Z"},{"id":"00bf38d2-42c0-4a79-82f7-e25ff0a7e339","peptideId":"6cb51559-708f-43be-8734-824600e6c53a","jurisdiction":"European Union — EMA","status":"not_approved","approvedIndication":null,"rationale":"No centrally authorized EMA medicine containing thymosin beta-4 was identified in the EMA medicines database as of 2026-09-23. Thymosin beta-4 remains an unapproved, investigational compound with no completed EU marketing review. Absence of a record in this search is not proof that no authorization exists via another regulatory pathway (e.g. national member-state authorization outside the centralized procedure). Status remains jurisdiction-, product-, and date-specific.","sourceTitle":"European Medicines Agency medicines database","sourceUrl":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines","dateChecked":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewDueAt":"2026-12-22T00:00:00.000Z","enteredById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","publicationStatus":"published","factualObservationId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:42:19.100Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:36.671Z"}]},{"id":"03857218-503c-43b9-9971-39bca8a2ecde","slug":"tirzepatide","commonName":"Tirzepatide","alternativeNames":[],"category":"GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist","mechanismSummary":"Tirzepatide is a long-acting peptide agonist at GIP and GLP-1 receptors. Controlled programs evaluate glycemic control, chronic weight management, withdrawal, obesity-related obstructive sleep apnea, HFpEF with obesity, and MASH. Regulatory conclusions remain indication- and label-specific.","evidenceQualitySummary":"The governed corpus spans SURPASS diabetes trials, SURMOUNT obesity and withdrawal trials, active-comparator evidence, OSA, HFpEF with obesity, and phase 2 MASH evidence. Claims remain bounded by population, comparator, dose, duration, and endpoint.","safetyConcernsSummary":"Gastrointestinal adverse reactions are prominent and may lead to discontinuation. Current prescribing information controls contraindications and warnings, including thyroid C-cell tumor findings in rodents, pancreatitis, gallbladder disease, volume-depletion kidney injury, severe gastrointestinal reactions, hypoglycemia with insulin or secretagogues, and hypersensitivity.","archiveSummaryNote":"Approved-product reference profile organized by indication and trial program.","openQuestionsText":"Priority surveillance includes long-term cardiovascular and renal comparisons; discontinuation and regain; uncommon harms; lean mass, nutrition, pregnancy, pediatric and underrepresented-population evidence; and MASH outcomes beyond histology.","active":true,"createdAt":"2026-08-18T17:25:07.190Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-09T00:27:49.068Z","entityClass":"peptide_analog","entityClassSource":"human_reviewed","entityClassReviewed":true,"entityClassReviewedBy":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","entityClassReviewedAt":"2026-09-09T00:27:49.068Z","registryStatus":"canonical","registryTier":null,"acquisitionEnabled":true,"publicationState":"published","editorialState":"published","chemistry":{"id":"02f03295fb175a8310f537e53a1d68e1","peptideId":"03857218-503c-43b9-9971-39bca8a2ecde","molecularFormula":"C225H348N48O68","molecularWeight":4813.45,"aminoAcidSequence":null,"smiles":null,"inchi":null,"inchikey":"BTSOGEDATSQOAF-MCNPHUAVSA-N","structureImageUrl":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/156588324","createdAt":"2026-09-08T19:54:15.803Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T19:54:15.803Z"},"citations":[{"id":"38dae3dd050ab0d48c95f54431ea0fd5","peptideId":"03857218-503c-43b9-9971-39bca8a2ecde","title":"Efficacy and safety of tirzepatide in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-PEDS): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40975112/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"Current treatment options for youth-onset type 2 diabetes are limited and have demonstrated lower glycaemic efficacy than those for adult-onset type 2 diabetes. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of tirzepatide, a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and GLP-1 receptor agonist, compared with placebo in youth-onset type 2 diabetes. We conducted a phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre (39 sites), multinational (eight countries) trial over 30 weeks, followed by an open-label extension for 22 weeks in which all participants received tirzepatide. Participants aged 10 to <18 years with youth-onset type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin and/or...","authors":"Tamara S Hannon, Lily C Chao, Margarita Barrientos-Pérez, Karthik Chandrasekhar Pamidipati, Laura Fernández Landó, Clare J Lee, Hiren Patel, Brandon K Bergman","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01774-X","pubmedId":"40975112","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes human_interventional evidence concerning Efficacy and safety of tirzepatide in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-PEDS): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(25)01774-x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:tirzepatide:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"human_interventional","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration."],"studyDesign":"Randomized or controlled human clinical trial","sourceStrength":{"grade":"A","score":91,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Clinical Trial, Phase III","Randomized Controlled Trial","Multicenter Study"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01774-X","pmid":"40975112","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"892ec5770f3d0482a36a700a902ff5cb","peptideId":"03857218-503c-43b9-9971-39bca8a2ecde","title":"Semaglutide and tirzepatide effects on cardiovascular outcomes in people with overweight or obesity in the real world (STEER).","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41491349/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"To assess the real-world effectiveness of semaglutide versus tirzepatide in reducing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) among patients with overweight/obesity and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) without diabetes in an insured US population. This retrospective, observational cohort study used Komodo Research Data and included patients ≥45 years of age with overweight/obesity and ≥1 claim for myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke, or peripheral artery disease first treated with semaglutide or tirzepatide between 13/5/2022-31/1/2025. Propensity score matching was used to balance key baseline characteristics between cohorts. Primary outcomes included...","authors":"Lauren Wilson, Zhenxiang Zhao, Victoria Divino, Matthew Bassan, Bríain Ó Hartaigh, Signe Stensen, Kerem Ozer","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/dom.70436","pubmedId":"41491349","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes human_observational evidence concerning Semaglutide and tirzepatide effects on cardiovascular outcomes in people with overweight or obesity in the real world (STEER).","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Observational evidence is vulnerable to confounding, selection bias, exposure misclassification, and incomplete follow-up.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/dom.70436","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:tirzepatide:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"human_observational","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Observational evidence is vulnerable to confounding, selection bias, exposure misclassification, and incomplete follow-up."],"studyDesign":"Human observational study","sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","score":77,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Observational Study"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1111/dom.70436","pmid":"41491349","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"360fc889a0b9a4b2894e0bc8c6dd4590","peptideId":"03857218-503c-43b9-9971-39bca8a2ecde","title":"Tirzepatide, a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor co-agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes with unmatched effectiveness regrading glycaemic control and body weight reduction.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36050763/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Tirzepatide is the first dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor co-agonist approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in the USA, Europe, and the UAE. Tirzepatide is an acylated peptide engineered to activate the GIP and GLP-1 receptors, key mediators of insulin secretion that are also expressed in regions of the brain that regulate food intake. Five clinical trials in type 2-diabetic subjects (SURPASS 1-5) have shown that tirzepatide at 5-15 mg per week reduces both HbA1c (1.24 to 2.58%) and body weight (5.4-11.7 kg) by amounts unprecedented for a single agent. A sizable proportion of patients (23.0 to 62.4%) reached an HbA1c of < 5.7% (which is the upper limit of the normal range indicating...","authors":"Michael A Nauck, David A D'Alessio","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1186/s12933-022-01604-7","pubmedId":"36050763","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":"This source contributes systematic_review evidence concerning Tirzepatide, a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor co-agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes with unmatched effectiveness regrading glycaemic control and body weight reduction.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1186/s12933-022-01604-7","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:tirzepatide:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"systematic_review","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods."],"studyDesign":"Narrative or scoped review","sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","score":68,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Review","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1186/s12933-022-01604-7","pmid":"36050763","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"791bad518785ac518f9d9b50ea41f952","peptideId":"03857218-503c-43b9-9971-39bca8a2ecde","title":"Tirzepatide for overweight and obesity management.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39632534/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Tirzepatide is a once-weekly dual agonist, acting on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptors. It is approved at the same doses (5, 10 and 15 mg) for both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic weight management. Following a search in PubMed, clinicaltrials.gov, conference abstracts and Lilly website, we review herein the global phase 3 SURMOUNT program on tirzepatide's safety and efficacy for chronic weight management. Additionally, we discuss findings from the regional SURMOUNT-CN and SURMOUNT-J trials (in East-Asian populations) and the phase 2 SYNERGY-NASH, phase 3 SURMOUNT-OSA and SUMMIT studies on tirzepatide's impact on...","authors":"Malak Hamza, Dimitris Papamargaritis, Melanie J Davies","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1080/14656566.2024.2436595","pubmedId":"39632534","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":"This source contributes systematic_review evidence concerning Tirzepatide for overweight and obesity management.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/14656566.2024.2436595","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:tirzepatide:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"systematic_review","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods."],"studyDesign":"Narrative or scoped review","sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","score":68,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Review"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1080/14656566.2024.2436595","pmid":"39632534","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"a9f6108d5f132db3d1278da5405a49c9","peptideId":"03857218-503c-43b9-9971-39bca8a2ecde","title":"Safety issues of tirzepatide (pancreatitis and gallbladder or biliary disease) in type 2 diabetes and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37908750/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize the available data from clinical trials and assess the safety issues of tirzepatide (pancreatitis and gallbladder or biliary disease) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. A systematic search was conducted in three electronic databases, namely Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library, up until March 1, 2023, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing tirzepatide to either placebo or active hypoglycemic drugs in individuals with T2D and obesity. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 value and Cochran's Q test, and a fixed effects model was employed to estimate the safety profile of tirzepatide. The safety...","authors":"Qingyue Zeng, Jiao Xu, Xingyu Mu, Yi Shi, Hong Fan, Shuangqing Li","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2023.1214334","pubmedId":"37908750","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":"This source contributes meta_analysis evidence concerning Safety issues of tirzepatide (pancreatitis and gallbladder or biliary disease) in type 2 diabetes and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1214334","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:tirzepatide:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"meta_analysis","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods."],"studyDesign":"Systematic review and meta-analysis","sourceStrength":{"grade":"A","score":83,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Meta-Analysis","Systematic Review","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't","Journal Article"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2023.1214334","pmid":"37908750","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"53beab9e77e939095585e95fbdb07624","peptideId":"03857218-503c-43b9-9971-39bca8a2ecde","title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of tirzepatide: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41032183/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Tirzepatide, a dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, has shown significant metabolic benefits and weight reduction, but its anti-inflammatory effects have been less studied. This study was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, including observational (cohort) studies and randomized clinical trials that evaluated tirzepatide use and reported percentage changes in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). A random-effects model was used. Seven randomized clinical trials and one observational study were included (six studies were eligible for meta-analysis). Compared to placebo, tirzepatide reduced hsCRP (mean difference [MD]: -32.9; 95% confidence...","authors":"Walter Masson, Martín Lobo, Juan P Nogueira, Leandro Barbagelata, Pedro Touzas, Juan P Frías","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s11154-025-09991-4","pubmedId":"41032183","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":"This source contributes meta_analysis evidence concerning Anti-inflammatory effects of tirzepatide: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s11154-025-09991-4","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:tirzepatide:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"meta_analysis","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods."],"studyDesign":"Systematic review and meta-analysis","sourceStrength":{"grade":"A","score":83,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Systematic Review","Meta-Analysis"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1007/s11154-025-09991-4","pmid":"41032183","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"14e763cb254b44b88d7551e6733231e7","peptideId":"03857218-503c-43b9-9971-39bca8a2ecde","title":"Tirzepatide: A Systematic Update.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36498958/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Tirzepatide is a new molecule capable of controlling glucose blood levels by combining the dual agonism of Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors. GIP and GLP1 are incretin hormones: they are released in the intestine in response to nutrient intake and stimulate pancreatic beta cell activity secreting insulin. GIP and GLP1 also have other metabolic functions. GLP1, in particular, reduces food intake and delays gastric emptying. Moreover, Tirzepatide has been shown to improve blood pressure and to reduce Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides. Tirzepatide efficacy and safety were assessed in a phase III SURPASS...","authors":"Imma Forzano, Fahimeh Varzideh, Roberta Avvisato, Stanislovas S Jankauskas, Pasquale Mone, Gaetano Santulli","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.3390/ijms232314631","pubmedId":"36498958","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":"This source contributes systematic_review evidence concerning Tirzepatide: A Systematic Update.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/ijms232314631","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:tirzepatide:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"systematic_review","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods."],"studyDesign":"Systematic review","sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","score":79,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Systematic Review"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.3390/ijms232314631","pmid":"36498958","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"57a5b23dbbd0ec8304b003d1e1c0d92e","peptideId":"03857218-503c-43b9-9971-39bca8a2ecde","title":"Effect of Subcutaneous Tirzepatide vs Placebo Added to Titrated Insulin Glargine on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The SURPASS-5 Randomized Clinical Trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35133415/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"The effects of tirzepatide, a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, as an addition to insulin glargine for treatment of type 2 diabetes have not been described. To assess the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide added to insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes with inadequate glycemic control. Randomized phase 3 clinical trial conducted at 45 medical research centers and hospitals in 8 countries (enrollment from August 30, 2019, to March 20, 2020; follow-up completed January 13, 2021) in 475 adults with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycemic control while treated with once-daily insulin glargine with or without metformin....","authors":"Dominik Dahl, Yukiko Onishi, Paul Norwood, Ruth Huh, Ross Bray, Hiren Patel, Ángel Rodríguez","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1001/jama.2022.0078","pubmedId":"35133415","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes human_interventional evidence concerning Effect of Subcutaneous Tirzepatide vs Placebo Added to Titrated Insulin Glargine on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The SURPASS-5 Randomized Clinical Trial.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1001/jama.2022.0078","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:tirzepatide:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"human_interventional","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration."],"studyDesign":"Randomized or controlled human clinical trial","sourceStrength":{"grade":"A","score":91,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Clinical Trial, Phase III","Comparative Study","Journal Article","Randomized Controlled Trial","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1001/jama.2022.0078","pmid":"35133415","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"03c5486277435445db8f18b2f0ed03fb","peptideId":"03857218-503c-43b9-9971-39bca8a2ecde","title":"Tirzepatide cardiovascular event risk assessment: a pre-specified meta-analysis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35210595/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Tirzepatide is a novel, once weekly, dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist and is under development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Its association with cardiovascular outcomes requires evaluation. This pre-specified cardiovascular meta-analysis included all seven randomized controlled trials with a duration of at least 26 weeks from the tirzepatide T2D clinical development program, SURPASS. The pre-specified primary objective of this meta-analysis was the comparison of the time to first occurrence of confirmed four-component major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE-4; cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke and hospitalized unstable angina) between pooled...","authors":"Naveed Sattar, Darren K McGuire, Imre Pavo, Govinda J Weerakkody, Hiroshi Nishiyama, Russell J Wiese, Sophia Zoungas","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1038/s41591-022-01707-4","pubmedId":"35210595","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":"This source contributes meta_analysis evidence concerning Tirzepatide cardiovascular event risk assessment: a pre-specified meta-analysis.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41591-022-01707-4","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:tirzepatide:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"meta_analysis","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Secondary synthesis; certainty depends on included studies, heterogeneity, publication bias, and review methods."],"studyDesign":"Systematic review and meta-analysis","sourceStrength":{"grade":"A","score":83,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Meta-Analysis","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1038/s41591-022-01707-4","pmid":"35210595","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"16a6309ecfd35b927e9e24c9de267a24","peptideId":"03857218-503c-43b9-9971-39bca8a2ecde","title":"Cardiovascular Outcomes with Tirzepatide versus Dulaglutide in Type 2 Diabetes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41406444/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"Tirzepatide, a dual incretin agonist of the glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptors, has favorable effects on glycemic control and body weight. The effects on cardiovascular outcomes are uncertain. We conducted an active-comparator-controlled, double-blind, noninferiority trial in which patients with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive a weekly subcutaneous injection of tirzepatide (up to 15 mg) or dulaglutide (1.5 mg), an agent that has been shown to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events. The primary end point was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes,...","authors":"Stephen J Nicholls, Imre Pavo, Deepak L Bhatt, John B Buse, Stefano Del Prato, Steven E Kahn, A Michael Lincoff, Darren K McGuire","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa2505928","pubmedId":"41406444","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes human_interventional evidence concerning Cardiovascular Outcomes with Tirzepatide versus Dulaglutide in Type 2 Diabetes.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1056/nejmoa2505928","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:tirzepatide:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"human_interventional","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration."],"studyDesign":"Randomized or controlled human clinical trial","sourceStrength":{"grade":"A","score":91,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Clinical Trial, Phase III","Equivalence Trial","Journal Article","Multicenter Study"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa2505928","pmid":"41406444","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"0409db93afc0ee86697892579a0d08d4","peptideId":"03857218-503c-43b9-9971-39bca8a2ecde","title":"Body composition changes during weight reduction with tirzepatide in the SURMOUNT-1 study of adults with obesity or overweight.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39996356/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"We assessed changes in body composition following tirzepatide treatment in a substudy of participants with obesity or overweight from the SURMOUNT-1 trial, overall and post hoc in clinically relevant subgroups. Substudy participants (n = 160 of the 2539 in SURMOUNT-1) underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at baseline and Week 72. Body composition parameters were evaluated by analysis of covariance, logistic regression or Fisher's exact test. Post hoc subgroup analyses were conducted by sex (female or male), age (<50, 50 to <65, or ≥65 years) and total body weight reduction tertiles (≤15.3 kg, >15.3 to ≤25.9 kg, or >25.9 kg). The 160 participants (pooled tirzepatide doses n =...","authors":"Michelle Look, Julia P Dunn, Robert F Kushner, Dachuang Cao, Charles Harris, Theresa Hunter Gibble, Adam Stefanski, Ryan Griffin","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/dom.16275","pubmedId":"39996356","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes human_interventional evidence concerning Body composition changes during weight reduction with tirzepatide in the SURMOUNT-1 study of adults with obesity or overweight.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/dom.16275","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:tirzepatide:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"human_interventional","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration."],"studyDesign":"Randomized or controlled human clinical trial","sourceStrength":{"grade":"A","score":91,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Clinical Trial, Phase III","Journal Article","Multicenter Study","Randomized Controlled Trial"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1111/dom.16275","pmid":"39996356","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"d96226b75828d379ddbf204522f9e682","peptideId":"03857218-503c-43b9-9971-39bca8a2ecde","title":"Semaglutide vs Tirzepatide for Weight Loss in Adults With Overweight or Obesity.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38976257/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Although tirzepatide and semaglutide were shown to reduce weight in randomized clinical trials, data from head-to-head comparisons in populations with overweight or obesity are not yet available. To compare on-treatment weight loss and rates of gastrointestinal adverse events (AEs) among adults with overweight or obesity receiving tirzepatide or semaglutide labeled for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a clinical setting. In this cohort study, adults with overweight or obesity receiving semaglutide or tirzepatide between May 2022 and September 2023 were identified using electronic health record (EHR) data linked to dispensing information from a collective of US health care systems. On-treatment...","authors":"Patricia J Rodriguez, Brianna M Goodwin Cartwright, Samuel Gratzl, Rajdeep Brar, Charlotte Baker, Ty J Gluckman, Nicholas L Stucky","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.2525","pubmedId":"38976257","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes human_observational evidence concerning Semaglutide vs Tirzepatide for Weight Loss in Adults With Overweight or Obesity.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Observational evidence is vulnerable to confounding, selection bias, exposure misclassification, and incomplete follow-up.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.2525","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:tirzepatide:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"human_observational","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Observational evidence is vulnerable to confounding, selection bias, exposure misclassification, and incomplete follow-up."],"studyDesign":"Human observational study","sourceStrength":{"grade":"B","score":77,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Observational Study","Comparative Study","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.2525","pmid":"38976257","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"8b5b5767ac7bf5fd01e21d8d75f4392e","peptideId":"03857218-503c-43b9-9971-39bca8a2ecde","title":"Tirzepatide as Compared with Semaglutide for the Treatment of Obesity.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40353578/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"Tirzepatide and semaglutide are highly effective medications for obesity management. The efficacy and safety of tirzepatide as compared with semaglutide in adults with obesity but without type 2 diabetes is unknown. In this phase 3b, open-label, controlled trial, adult participants with obesity but without type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive the maximum tolerated dose of tirzepatide (10 mg or 15 mg) or the maximum tolerated dose of semaglutide (1.7 mg or 2.4 mg) subcutaneously once weekly for 72 weeks. The primary end point was the percent change in weight from baseline to week 72. Key secondary end points included weight reductions of at least 10%, 15%, 20%,...","authors":"Louis J Aronne, Deborah Bade Horn, Carel W le Roux, Wayne Ho, Beverly L Falcon, Elisa Gomez Valderas, Sagar Das, Clare J Lee","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa2416394","pubmedId":"40353578","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes human_interventional evidence concerning Tirzepatide as Compared with Semaglutide for the Treatment of Obesity.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1056/nejmoa2416394","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:tirzepatide:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"human_interventional","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration."],"studyDesign":"Randomized or controlled human clinical trial","sourceStrength":{"grade":"A","score":91,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Clinical Trial, Phase III","Comparative Study","Equivalence Trial","Journal Article","Multicenter Study"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa2416394","pmid":"40353578","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"df2e48cee4fd21f8230cb59cbfbf1594","peptideId":"03857218-503c-43b9-9971-39bca8a2ecde","title":"Tirzepatide for Weight Reduction in Chinese Adults With Obesity: The SURMOUNT-CN Randomized Clinical Trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38819983/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"Obesity has become a global public health concern and China has the largest number of affected people worldwide. To assess the efficacy and safety of treatment with tirzepatide for weight reduction in Chinese adults with obesity or overweight and weight-related comorbidities. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 clinical trial conducted at 29 centers in China from September 2021 to December 2022 included Chinese adults (aged ≥18 years) with a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 28 or greater than or equal to 24 and at least 1 weight-related comorbidity, excluding diabetes. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive once-weekly, subcutaneous...","authors":"Lin Zhao, Zhifeng Cheng, Yibing Lu, Ming Liu, Hong Chen, Min Zhang, Rui Wang, Yuan Yuan","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1001/jama.2024.9217","pubmedId":"38819983","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes human_interventional evidence concerning Tirzepatide for Weight Reduction in Chinese Adults With Obesity: The SURMOUNT-CN Randomized Clinical Trial.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1001/jama.2024.9217","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:tirzepatide:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"human_interventional","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration."],"studyDesign":"Randomized or controlled human clinical trial","sourceStrength":{"grade":"A","score":91,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Clinical Trial, Phase III","Journal Article","Multicenter Study","Randomized Controlled Trial","Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1001/jama.2024.9217","pmid":"38819983","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"bd574d7a17a7ecf86799a849e3cff559","peptideId":"03857218-503c-43b9-9971-39bca8a2ecde","title":"Tirzepatide for Obesity Treatment and Diabetes Prevention.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39536238/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"Obesity is a chronic disease and causal precursor to myriad other conditions, including type 2 diabetes. In an earlier analysis of the SURMOUNT-1 trial, tirzepatide was shown to provide substantial and sustained reductions in body weight in persons with obesity over a 72-week period. Here, we report the 3-year safety outcomes with tirzepatide and its efficacy in reducing weight and delaying progression to type 2 diabetes in persons with both obesity and prediabetes. We performed a phase 3, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial in which 2539 participants with obesity, of whom 1032 also had prediabetes, were assigned in a 1:1:1:1 ratio to receive tirzepatide at a once-weekly dose of 5...","authors":"Ania M Jastreboff, Carel W le Roux, Adam Stefanski, Louis J Aronne, Bruno Halpern, Sean Wharton, John P H Wilding, Leigh Perreault","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa2410819","pubmedId":"39536238","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion; owner authorized 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes human_interventional evidence concerning Tirzepatide for Obesity Treatment and Diabetes Prevention.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration.","verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-five-corpus-expansion-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1056/nejmoa2410819","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:tirzepatide:expansion:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"human_interventional","extractionPayload":{"limitations":["Applicability is limited to the enrolled population, formulation, comparator, endpoints, and follow-up duration."],"studyDesign":"Randomized or controlled human clinical trial","sourceStrength":{"grade":"A","score":91,"version":"WPF-ESR-1.0","dimensions":{"authority":18,"reporting":10,"directness":15,"replication":"review-sensitive","designAndBias":"publication-type-derived","populationRelevance":"lane-derived"},"provisional":true},"publicationTypes":["Journal Article","Randomized Controlled Trial","Clinical Trial, Phase III","Multicenter Study"]},"provenancePayload":{"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa2410819","pmid":"39536238","retrievedFrom":"NCBI PubMed"},"validationGates":{"sourceVerified":true,"ownerAuthorized":true,"identityResolved":true,"neutralLanguageVerified":true},"engineState":"promoted_internal","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T18:53:38.906Z"},{"id":"a8f306ef-d7ec-42e1-962a-d0a79fc5d16e","peptideId":"03857218-503c-43b9-9971-39bca8a2ecde","title":"Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity in people with type 2 diabetes (SURMOUNT-2)","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37385275/","evidenceTier":"phase_3","summary":"In 938 adults with type 2 diabetes, tirzepatide reduced weight more than placebo at 72 weeks; gastrointestinal events were most common.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01200-X","pubmedId":"37385275","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T17:59:47.986Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted synthesis; owner-authorized governed publication 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-reference-corpus-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01200-X","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T17:59:47.986Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:reference-corpus:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"human_interventional","extractionPayload":{"design":"Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.","limitations":["Findings are specific to diabetes, studied doses, eligibility, and duration."],"sourceStrength":{"note":"Automated baseline based on evidence tier; 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gastrointestinal events predominated.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa2107519","pubmedId":"34170647","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T17:59:47.986Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted synthesis; owner-authorized governed publication 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-reference-corpus-2026-09-08","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2107519","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":"2026-09-08T17:59:47.986Z","retrievalProvider":"NCBI PubMed","retrievalPayloadRef":"wpf:reference-corpus:2026-09-08","evidenceLane":"human_interventional","extractionPayload":{"design":"Randomized open-label active-controlled phase 3 trial.","limitations":["Open-label design, one semaglutide dose, and 40-week duration constrain comparison."],"sourceStrength":{"note":"Automated baseline based on evidence tier; 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V1a-receptor activation constricts vascular smooth muscle, V2-receptor activation promotes renal water reabsorption through aquaporin-2 trafficking, and additional receptor signaling contributes to pituitary, hemostatic, and central effects. Pharmaceutical vasopressin is used in tightly defined clinical contexts, notably as an intravenous vasopressor for vasodilatory shock in the United States; endogenous physiology, diagnostic biomarkers, receptor antagonists, analogs, and investigational intranasal research must remain distinct.","evidenceQualitySummary":"The governed 25-source corpus emphasizes randomized trials and systematic reviews of vasopressin in septic and vasoplegic shock, including renal, mortality, hemodynamic, dose, pediatric, cancer, and cardiac-surgery contexts. Separate evidence lanes cover cardiac arrest, portal-variceal bleeding, gynecologic local injection, human vascular pharmacology, and safety. PubMed identities, titles, authorship, publication metadata, DOI/PMID, direct vasopressin relevance, source status, and duplication were verified. Studies of desmopressin, terlipressin, receptor antagonists, or copeptin were excluded from the core therapeutic corpus unless directly necessary for clearly labeled context.","safetyConcernsSummary":"Vasopressin can cause excessive vasoconstriction and ischemia involving cardiac, mesenteric, digital, or cutaneous circulations; reduced cardiac output, arrhythmias, hyponatremia or water-balance disturbances, and extravasation-related injury are additional concerns depending on route and context. Risk varies with shock phenotype, dose, duration, concomitant catecholamines, vascular disease, and monitoring. Local intramyometrial injection and historical gastrointestinal-bleeding or cardiac-arrest protocols are not interchangeable with labeled intravenous vasodilatory-shock use. Canadian and U.S. products cited here differ in routes, indications, formulation, and safety instructions.","archiveSummaryNote":"The strongest therapeutic evidence concerns adjunctive or comparative vasopressin in vasodilatory shock, but trials and meta-analyses do not support treating all shock populations as equivalent. Timing, dose, catecholamine exposure, septic phenotype, cardiac function, pediatric status, and outcome definition materially affect interpretation. Historical and procedural uses are retained to document the breadth and evolution of clinical investigation, not to imply current authorization or preferred practice. Behavioral intranasal research and physiological biomarker studies remain separate from the clinical vasopressor evidence lane.","openQuestionsText":"Which shock phenotypes, timing strategies, and dose ranges provide the best net clinical benefit? Can biomarkers or hemodynamic features identify responders while minimizing ischemic injury? What are the comparative effects on kidney-replacement therapy, arrhythmia, digital or mesenteric ischemia, and long-term patient-centered outcomes? How should evidence differ in septic, post-cardiotomy, pediatric, cancer-associated, and other vasoplegic states? Which historical or local procedural uses remain supported under contemporary safety standards? 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Evidence for a defined clinical preparation and route must be separated from broad conotoxin research and animal experiments.","evidenceQualitySummary":"WPF’s atlas includes clinical discussion of intrathecal ziconotide in persistent pain, alongside animal pharmacology, conotoxin discovery, and analytical methods. These sources have different evidentiary weight; an animal antinociception result does not establish patient benefit.","safetyConcernsSummary":"This Directory entry has no published source-linked citations or jurisdiction-specific regulatory records. Patient selection, administration setting, neuropsychiatric and other adverse outcomes, and formal indications require primary and official source review.","archiveSummaryNote":"WPF's separate observational archive may include contributor reports concerning ziconotide. As with every entry in that archive, these de-identified reports can suggest questions but cannot establish causation, efficacy, comparative safety, or event frequency, and should be distinguished from broader conotoxin research or animal experiments.","openQuestionsText":"Which controlled clinical endpoints and harms are established for the defined preparation? How do longer-term observational reports compare with trial populations? 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A PubMed/MEDLINE search (1966-June 2006) was conducted using the terms ziconotide, Prialt, and SNX-111. Manufacturer-provided data, the Food and Drug Administration medical review of ziconotide, and abstracts presented at American Pain Societ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1345/aph.1g584","pubmedId":"16849624","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=54, totalMentions=12). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1345/aph.1g584","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:33.576Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"28bfe43d-87d3-423f-92f5-69c8763f4a7f","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Intrathecal ziconotide for neuropathic pain: a review.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19682321/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Intrathecal ziconotide for neuropathic pain: a review.\" Abstract excerpt: Neuropathic pain is a considerable burden that affects activities of daily living. The management of neuropathic pain can be challenging because of multiple etiologies and complex manifestations. Ziconotide is a nonopioid intrathecal (IT) analgesic option for patients with neuropathic pain refractory to conventional treatments. The objective of this article is to review the published literature on","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1111/j.1533-2500.2009.00303.x","pubmedId":"19682321","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=196, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1533-2500.2009.00303.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:34.017Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"2672959a-200e-4d11-88e8-513840b39758","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"A comprehensive review on ziconotide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38779019/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"A comprehensive review on ziconotide.\" Abstract excerpt: Managing severe chronic pain is a challenging task, given the limited effectiveness of available pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. This issue continues to be a significant public health concern, requiring a substantial therapeutic response. Ziconotide, a synthetic peptide initially isolated from Conus magus in 1982 and approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the Europ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31105","pubmedId":"38779019","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=259, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: WPF seed. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31105","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:35.409Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"0778bc62-e06b-4b8a-a5f5-0644a819fb3a","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Intrathecal Ziconotide Infusion Therapy for Oncologic Refractory Neuropathic Pain: Case Report With High-Dose Intraventricular Ziconotide After 15 Years of Treatment.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39078347/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Intrathecal Ziconotide Infusion Therapy for Oncologic Refractory Neuropathic Pain: Case Report With High-Dose Intraventricular Ziconotide After 15 Years of Treatment.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.neurom.2024.06.495","pubmedId":"39078347","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.neurom.2024.06.495","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:39.205Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"b73ecc3c-241a-4734-937d-7a2893effb36","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Intrathecal ziconotide for chronic pain.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15479926/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Intrathecal ziconotide for chronic pain.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1001/jama.292.14.1681-b","pubmedId":"15479926","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1001/jama.292.14.1681-b","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:39.280Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"32e0572c-ba55-4ae1-8baf-48b1d54562e7","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Statistical evaluation of the chemical stability of ziconotide solutions during simulated intrathecal administration.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18538975/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Statistical evaluation of the chemical stability of ziconotide solutions during simulated intrathecal administration.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2008.01.007","pubmedId":"18538975","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2008.01.007","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:40.640Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"a379cd7a-1705-4bc8-ba3b-5c6db9fe7754","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"[Recommendations for the management of chronic pain by intrathecal ziconotide].","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21595155/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"[Recommendations for the management of chronic pain by intrathecal ziconotide].\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"21595155","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:21595155","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:41.611Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"e6f50c66-5c4b-461a-bd52-5ab33c13d335","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Ziconotide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37247359/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Research overview for defined ziconotide; direct trial and official labeling should govern clinical claims.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"37247359","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Upgraded from an entered/unverified draft to a content-verified citation. Category: reference/monograph-type record (PubMed book/reference-work entry) -- real and traceable, not primary research. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=51, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: WPF seed. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"other","claimSupported":"This publication addresses Ziconotide in the specific setting identified in its title.","supportNature":"Screened source-level context; specific outcomes and evidence tier await appraisal.","qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:37247359","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:13:20.637Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"e10b9e25-230e-41a1-9690-c74176fabe1d","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Ziconotide: a new option for refractory pain.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16845440/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Ziconotide: a new option for refractory pain.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide has been introduced as a new nonopioid treatment for chronic pain. Structurally, it is a peptide, the synthetic analog of the omega-conotoxin, derived from the marine snail, Conus magus. N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels play a role in the transmission of nociceptive stimuli and also are involved in the release of neurotransmitters important in pain transmission. Ziconotide's th","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1358/dot.2006.42.6.973534","pubmedId":"16845440","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1358/dot.2006.42.6.973534","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:31.821Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"d3d999e5-a376-4098-9d0a-bc5b9616a543","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Ziconotide for spinal cord injury-related pain.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31233255/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Ziconotide for spinal cord injury-related pain.\" Abstract excerpt: Central neuropathic pain related to spinal cord injury is notoriously difficult to treat. So far most pharmacological and surgical options have shown but poor results. Recently ziconotide has been approved for use both neuropathic and non-neuropathic pain. In this cohort study, we assessed responder rate and long-term efficacy of intrathecal ziconotide in patients with pain related to spinal cord ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1002/ejp.1445","pubmedId":"31233255","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=177, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/ejp.1445","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:31.384Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"42fc0da1-754d-4a90-a97b-e225f0be1bdb","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Ziconotide: an update and review.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18518786/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Ziconotide: an update and review.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide is the only N-type calcium channel blocker approved by the US FDA for the treatment of chronic pain. The approved indication is for the management of severe chronic pain in patients for whom intrathecal therapy is warranted and who are intolerant of or refractory to other treatments such as systemic analgesics, adjunctive therapies or intrathecal morphine. The purpose of this article wa","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1517/14656566.9.9.1575","pubmedId":"18518786","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1517/14656566.9.9.1575","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:32.693Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"18ba492c-abc3-461a-946c-160937a12d94","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Dilution and compounding of ziconotide for intrathecal administration.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23969707/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Dilution and compounding of ziconotide for intrathecal administration.\" Abstract excerpt: Intrathecal therapy is an established treatment option for patients with severe chronic pain who do not receive adequate relief from less invasive methods. Ziconotide is the only nonopioid analgesic approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for intrathecal administration. Ziconotide is approved for monotherapy only, but combination intrathecal therapy is considered an acceptable treatment ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"23969707","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=156, totalMentions=16). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:23969707","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:35.626Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"3bf92713-0dd0-4af1-8f14-91aa533fc69a","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Intractable delirium associated with ziconotide successfully treated with electroconvulsive therapy.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11927761/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Intractable delirium associated with ziconotide successfully treated with electroconvulsive therapy.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1176/appi.psy.43.1.63","pubmedId":"11927761","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1176/appi.psy.43.1.63","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:39.659Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"57ed40d5-8acc-4c19-9c5a-2bb70004dd08","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"USAN Council. List No.421. New names. Ziconotide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10610271/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"USAN Council. List No.421. New names. Ziconotide.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1999,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"10610271","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:10610271","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:39.732Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"b9a5f32b-a1fc-4b98-a172-d65ac9e1bc77","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Ziconotide Combination Intrathecal Therapy for Noncancer Pain Is Limited Secondary to Delayed Adverse Effects: A Case Series With a 24-Month Follow-Up.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25655991/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Ziconotide Combination Intrathecal Therapy for Noncancer Pain Is Limited Secondary to Delayed Adverse Effects: A Case Series With a 24-Month Follow-Up.\" Abstract excerpt: The efficacy and safety of ziconotide as a single agent has been evaluated in few short-term clinical trials and open-label studies. Ziconotide use is challenging given its adverse effect (AE) profile. The objective of this study is to describe the long-term efficacy and AEs of ziconotide used as an adjunct to other intrathecal (IT) agents in chronic noncancer pain patients. A case series of chron","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1111/ner.12270","pubmedId":"25655991","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=27, totalMentions=14). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/ner.12270","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:31.456Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"05c47b6b-7dd8-4d0d-a032-33aaceb9192b","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Ziconotide Trialing by Intrathecal Bolus Injections: An Open-Label Non-Randomized Clinical Trial in Postoperative/Posttraumatic Neuropathic Pain Patients Refractory to Conventional Treatment.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25879804/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Ziconotide Trialing by Intrathecal Bolus Injections: An Open-Label Non-Randomized Clinical Trial in Postoperative/Posttraumatic Neuropathic Pain Patients Refractory to Conventional Treatment.\" Abstract excerpt: The aim of this open-label, non-randomized, clinical trial was to evaluate the feasibility of trialing ziconotide by intrathecal bolus injections. Twenty-three patients, who had peripheral neuropathic pain refractory to pharmacological treatment and were under consideration for Spinal Cord Stimulation, received up to three ziconotide bolus injections according to a comprehensive algorithm. After a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1111/ner.12293","pubmedId":"25879804","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=103, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/ner.12293","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:31.529Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"b954e60a-cbf6-4920-a50c-4dd5f6e8ed36","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Ziconotide adverse events in patients with cancer pain: a multicenter observational study of a slow titration, multidrug protocol.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22996851/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Ziconotide adverse events in patients with cancer pain: a multicenter observational study of a slow titration, multidrug protocol.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide is a new analgesic agent administered intrathecally. It is challenging to use and can induce several and sometimes serious adverse events. A low initial dosage followed by slow titration may reduce serious adverse events. To determine whether a low starting dosage of ziconotide, followed by slow titration, decreases the incidence of major adverse events associated with ziconotide when u","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.36076/ppj.2012/15/395","pubmedId":"22996851","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.36076/ppj.2012/15/395","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:31.601Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"52e8c4f5-b902-441b-9df1-b46411381e25","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Ziconotide combination intrathecal therapy: rationale and evidence.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20639730/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Ziconotide combination intrathecal therapy: rationale and evidence.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide is a nonopioid intrathecal analgesic used to manage moderate to severe chronic pain. Although ziconotide is approved in the United States for intrathecal monotherapy only, it is often used in combination with other intrathecal drugs in clinical practice. The need exists for a critical assessment of the currently available published literature on ziconotide combination therapy. This revi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1097/ajp.0b013e3181e017df","pubmedId":"20639730","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=11). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/ajp.0b013e3181e017df","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:31.676Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"10de387b-5a32-48a9-a9f3-4b2b373031ff","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Ziconotide: a review of its pharmacology and use in the treatment of pain.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19300539/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Ziconotide: a review of its pharmacology and use in the treatment of pain.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide is a powerful analgesic drug that has a unique mechanism of action involving potent and selective block of N-type calcium channels, which control neurotransmission at many synapses. The analgesic efficacy of ziconotide likely results from its ability to interrupt pain signaling at the level of the spinal cord. Ziconotide is a peptidic drug and has been approved for the treatment of seve","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.2147/nedt.2007.3.1.69","pubmedId":"19300539","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2147/nedt.2007.3.1.69","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:31.750Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"51048639-ef78-4bb4-82d0-e264bdf3e52a","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Ziconotide: a new nonopioid intrathecal analgesic for the treatment of chronic pain.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17078783/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Ziconotide: a new nonopioid intrathecal analgesic for the treatment of chronic pain.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide is a new nonopioid intrathecal agent recently approved for the treatment of chronic pain. Ziconotide is indicated for the management of severe chronic pain in patients for whom intrathecal therapy is warranted and who are intolerant of or refractory to other treatment, such as systemic analgesics, adjunctive therapies or intrathecal morphine. Ziconotide blocks the N-type calcium channel","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1586/14737175.6.10.1423","pubmedId":"17078783","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1586/14737175.6.10.1423","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:31.892Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"2d13d29f-f0a9-4c15-bd06-7081a20d3b88","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Ziconotide infusion for severe chronic pain: case series of patients with neuropathic pain.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16503720/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Ziconotide infusion for severe chronic pain: case series of patients with neuropathic pain.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide intrathecal infusion was recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of intractable severe chronic pain. Patients with neuropathic pain make up a significant population among those who experience chronic pain for which there are less than optimal pharmacotherapeutic options. Published clinical trials provide a global view of ziconotide efficacy ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1592/phco.26.3.395","pubmedId":"16503720","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1592/phco.26.3.395","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:31.967Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"8778cdfd-d949-44d2-b013-e47d43a1e582","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Ziconotide: can we use it in palliative care?","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16225359/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Ziconotide: can we use it in palliative care?\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide (PRIALT) is a new nonopioid treatment for chronic pain. It is a peptide that is the synthetic analog of the omega-conotoxin, derived from the marine snail, Conus magus. The therapeutic benefit of ziconotide derives from its potent and selective blockade of neuronal N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels. Interference with these channels inhibits input from pain-sensing primary nocice","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1177/104990910502200510","pubmedId":"16225359","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/104990910502200510","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:32.040Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"5af2c8fa-8505-41b4-94e9-3b147097078d","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Ziconotide, an intrathecally administered N-type calcium channel antagonist for the treatment of chronic pain.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16207099/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Ziconotide, an intrathecally administered N-type calcium channel antagonist for the treatment of chronic pain.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide is a novel peptide that blocks the entry of calcium into neuronal N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels, preventing the conduction of nerve signals. N-type calcium channels are present in the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. In various animal models of pain, intrathecal administration of ziconotide blocked nerve transmission and nociception. The United Stat","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1592/phco.2005.25.8.1084","pubmedId":"16207099","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1592/phco.2005.25.8.1084","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:32.112Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"5ddf2318-b744-4ae7-b225-6e5608d8c1fe","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Ziconotide (Elan Pharmaceuticals).","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16025393/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Ziconotide (Elan Pharmaceuticals).\" Abstract excerpt: Elan Pharmaceuticals (formerly Neurex) is developing ziconotide, a neuron-specific N-type calcium channel blocker, for the potential treatment of severe pain and ischemia. A US NDA for the use of the compound in intractable pain is under review [351606,357600] and phase III trials for ischemia are ongoing [261455,292579]. Elan received an approvable letter from the FDA for pain in June 2000, and b","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2001,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"16025393","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=53, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:16025393","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:32.186Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"9ed2cba4-26cc-4f94-9d37-3724b4663b73","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Intrathecal Ziconotide: Dosing and Administration Strategies in Patients With Refractory Chronic Pain.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26856969/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Intrathecal Ziconotide: Dosing and Administration Strategies in Patients With Refractory Chronic Pain.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide is a non-opioid analgesic for intrathecal (IT) administration. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive and clinically relevant summary of the literature on dosing and administration with IT ziconotide in the management of refractory chronic pain, and to describe novel dosing strategies intended to improve clinical outcomes. A Medline search was conducted for \"ziconotide,\" s","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1111/ner.12392","pubmedId":"26856969","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/ner.12392","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:33.124Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"67ef6423-7696-431e-85b1-463912638d81","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Ziconotide, a new N-type calcium channel blocker, administered intrathecally for acute postoperative pain.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10834782/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Ziconotide, a new N-type calcium channel blocker, administered intrathecally for acute postoperative pain.\" Abstract excerpt: Voltage-sensitive calcium channel conductance is essential for the nervous system to signal a painful event. However, intrathecal administration of L-type calcium channel blockers does not provide analgesia. The present investigation was designed to assess the safety and analgesic efficacy of ziconotide, a new N-type calcium channel blocker, when administered intrathecally to patients with acute p","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1016/s1098-7339(00)90010-5","pubmedId":"10834782","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=294, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s1098-7339(00)90010-5","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:32.257Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"7035a211-b173-4dab-babc-df2620d10411","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Ziconotide for the Management of Cancer Pain: A Budget Impact Analysis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36202713/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Ziconotide for the Management of Cancer Pain: A Budget Impact Analysis.\" Abstract excerpt: Recent recommendations on starting dose, smaller dose increments, and longer intervals between dose increase have the potential to increase the safety of ziconotide administration in addition to improving its value for money. Ziconotide is not routinely commissioned in England, with one of the concerns being whether it represents the best use of resources. The aim of this project is to conduct a b","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.neurom.2022.08.458","pubmedId":"36202713","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=154, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.neurom.2022.08.458","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:32.329Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"2a5b7736-0924-48fb-b636-8273a421f023","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Ziconotide-induced psychosis: A case report and literature review.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30206508/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Ziconotide-induced psychosis: A case report and literature review.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide is an intrathecally administered medication indicated for the treatment of severe chronic pain in patients who are intolerant of or refractory to other treatment options. A black box warning is included in the packaging and states ziconotide is contraindicated in patients with a preexisting history of psychosis. Patients taking ziconotide should be monitored for evidence of cognitive im","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.9740/mhc.2018.09.242","pubmedId":"30206508","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.9740/mhc.2018.09.242","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:32.400Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"5ad2d32d-9507-4e90-b578-2c110bc15a08","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Ziconotide-induced psychosis: a case report.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25459190/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Ziconotide-induced psychosis: a case report.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide is used intrathecally in the management of severe chronic pain that contains a warning against neuropsychiatric adverse events. The definition of psychiatric events is broad and management strategies are vague. This case report describes a 49-year-old female who was admitted to the acute psychiatric unit to address auditory hallucinations and paranoid ideation persisting for 3 weeks. Ap","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2014.10.001","pubmedId":"25459190","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2014.10.001","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:32.473Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"90f6b2d4-c143-476f-850e-221ba360b69e","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Ziconotide: a clinical update and pharmacologic review.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23537340/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Ziconotide: a clinical update and pharmacologic review.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide is an N-type calcium channel antagonist to treat chronic pain that is delivered intrathecally. It is the only intrathecal, FDA-approved, non-opioid analgesic and is recommended as first-line therapy. Despite these advantages, a small therapeutic window limits ziconotide's clinical utility, with adverse event (AE) challenges that include, but are not limited to, dizziness, nausea, and so","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1517/14656566.2013.784269","pubmedId":"23537340","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1517/14656566.2013.784269","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:32.546Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"e8e25268-aa6b-4d23-aaf0-685cffe59d2b","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Ziconotide for treatment of severe chronic pain.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20413151/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Ziconotide for treatment of severe chronic pain.\" Abstract excerpt: Pharmacological management of severe chronic pain is difficult to achieve with currently available analgesic drugs, and remains a large unmet therapeutic need. The synthetic peptide ziconotide has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for intrathecal treatment of patients with severe chronic pain that is refractory to other treatment modalities. Zic","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60354-6","pubmedId":"20413151","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=182, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60354-6","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:32.618Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"e8fdad22-a9e9-4340-83b6-03678a2c4648","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Ziconotide--a novel neuron-specific calcium channel blocker for the intrathecal treatment of severe chronic pain--a short review.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17063978/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Ziconotide--a novel neuron-specific calcium channel blocker for the intrathecal treatment of severe chronic pain--a short review.\" Abstract excerpt: Worldwide a large number of patients suffer from severe chronic pain even after treatment with opioids following the 3-step analgesic ladder developed by the WHO. Intraspinal agents, including morphine, have been tried as a fourth step. However, approximately 20% of cases remain refractory. Ziconotide, an intrathecal analgesic with orphan drug status, is a novel alternative for the management of c","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.5414/cpp44478","pubmedId":"17063978","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=292, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.5414/cpp44478","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:32.766Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"721f30e3-e12e-4b07-9773-11a3946d6c42","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Ziconotide: neuronal calcium channel blocker for treating severe chronic pain.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15578997/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Ziconotide: neuronal calcium channel blocker for treating severe chronic pain.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide (PRIALT) is a neuroactive peptide in the final stages of clinical development as a novel non-opioid treatment for severe chronic pain. It is the synthetic equivalent of omega-MVIIA, a component of the venom of the marine snail, Conus magus. The mechanism of action underlying ziconotide's therapeutic profile derives from its potent and selective blockade of neuronal N-type voltage-sensit","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.2174/0929867043363884","pubmedId":"15578997","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=12). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2174/0929867043363884","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:32.838Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"e9989915-738b-42f8-9929-000ab24dee3e","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Ziconotide and psychosis: from a case report to a scoping review.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39479264/","evidenceTier":"laboratory","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Ziconotide and psychosis: from a case report to a scoping review.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide is a non-opioid analgesic that acts on N-type voltage-gated calcium channels. Despite its proven effectiveness in pain treatment, it can induce neuropsychiatric symptoms. The aim of this article is to present a case of psychosis secondary to ziconotide and to explore the variety of neuropsychiatric symptoms it produces, exploring the relationship between these symptoms and the mechanism","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.3389/fnmol.2024.1412855","pubmedId":"39479264","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: laboratory_mechanistic. Source provider: WPF seed. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3389/fnmol.2024.1412855","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:32.910Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"10e4ff07-b46b-4617-96e8-e3587c917ee1","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Ziconotide Monotherapy: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26861472/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Ziconotide Monotherapy: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials.\" Abstract excerpt: Chronic neuropathic pain is difficult to treat and is often refractory to most modalities of treatment. Ziconotide is a novel, potent, non-opioid, calcium channel blocking agent which has been shown in clinical trials to be effective in treating chronic neuropathic pain. EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus and Web of Science electronic databases were searched for English language studies. Reference secti","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.2174/1570159x14666160210142056","pubmedId":"26861472","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=104, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2174/1570159x14666160210142056","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:32.981Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"ff0b0515-77c2-4295-9acd-9a0be73fef1c","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Can Ziconotide Be Used to Replace Opioids? Exploratory Clinical Experience in 5 Patients Treated in the Pain Unit.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40985013/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Can Ziconotide Be Used to Replace Opioids? Exploratory Clinical Experience in 5 Patients Treated in the Pain Unit.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide and morphine are intrathecal (IT) drugs approved by the FDA and EMA for the treatment of chronic pain. The aim of this study was to determine whether opioid rescue can be achieved by gradually increasing doses of ziconotide, and to establish a practical protocol for its implementation. Five patients unresponsive to IT morphine due to lack of efficacy or adverse events such as endocrine ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.2147/jpr.s528946","pubmedId":"40985013","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=13). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2147/jpr.s528946","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:33.053Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"0f64ea16-9690-4425-9f5a-82b5c77c1499","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Intrathecal ziconotide: a review of its use in patients with chronic pain refractory to other systemic or intrathecal analgesics.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23999971/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Intrathecal ziconotide: a review of its use in patients with chronic pain refractory to other systemic or intrathecal analgesics.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide (Prialt(&#xae;)) is a synthetic conopeptide analgesic that acts by selectively antagonizing N-type voltage-gated calcium channels. Intrathecal ziconotide is the only non-opioid intrathecal analgesic that is FDA-approved for use in patients with treatment-refractory, chronic pain. The efficacy of intrathecal ziconotide was demonstrated in randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled tria","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1007/s40263-013-0107-5","pubmedId":"23999971","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=13). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s40263-013-0107-5","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:33.201Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"0d26a312-c9c8-41fa-a677-ecb2e9c0f779","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Intrathecal ziconotide for complex regional pain syndrome: seven case reports.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19500276/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Intrathecal ziconotide for complex regional pain syndrome: seven case reports.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide is a nonopioid analgesic currently indicated as monotherapy, but frequently used in combination with opioids, for the management of severe chronic pain in patients for whom intrathecal (IT) therapy is warranted and who are intolerant of, or whose pain is, refractory to other treatments. There is a paucity of information regarding ziconotide use in patients with complex regional pain syn","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1111/j.1533-2500.2009.00289.x","pubmedId":"19500276","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=12). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1533-2500.2009.00289.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:33.278Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"df1f9153-1d3c-4c41-a0f4-7c88454c3f98","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Intrathecal ziconotide and opioid combination therapy for noncancer pain: an observational study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19668287/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Intrathecal ziconotide and opioid combination therapy for noncancer pain: an observational study.\" Abstract excerpt: Intrathecal ziconotide is used to manage severe chronic pain. Although ziconotide is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for monotherapy, it is sometimes used in combination with other intrathecal drugs for the management of intractable pain conditions in clinical practice. Evaluate the safety and tolerability of ziconotide combination therapy. A retrospective, observational study. A s","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"19668287","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=12, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:19668287","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:33.350Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"1a11737a-0c5c-425c-baf0-185624216173","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Intrathecal ziconotide for severe chronic pain: safety and tolerability results of an open-label, long-term trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18227325/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Intrathecal ziconotide for severe chronic pain: safety and tolerability results of an open-label, long-term trial.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide is a non-opioid drug indicated for management of severe chronic pain in patients for whom intrathecal (IT) therapy is warranted and who are intolerant of or refractory to other treatments. Six-hundred and forty-four patients with severe chronic pain participated in this open-label, multicenter study. Ziconotide titration was followed by long-term infusion. Efficacy assessments included ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1213/ane.0b013e3181606fad","pubmedId":"18227325","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e3181606fad","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:33.426Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"b0b029a2-571f-4031-a69b-323aaf74a4f0","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Intrathecal ziconotide in the treatment of chronic nonmalignant pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22151630/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Intrathecal ziconotide in the treatment of chronic nonmalignant pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.\" Abstract excerpt: Objective.&#x2002; The safety and efficacy of intrathecal (IT) ziconotide was studied in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Materials and Methods.&#x2002; Patients (169 ziconotide, 86 placebo) with severe chronic nonmalignant pain unresponsive to conventional therapy and a visual analog scale of pain intensity (VASPI score)&#xa0;&#x2265;&#xa0;50&#xa0;mm were treated over a 6-day","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1111/j.1525-1403.2006.00055.x","pubmedId":"22151630","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=63, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1525-1403.2006.00055.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:33.504Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"5227d4b5-3fcb-488f-bf70-2cc919a5365b","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Intrathecal ziconotide in the treatment of refractory pain in patients with cancer or AIDS: a randomized controlled trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14709577/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Intrathecal ziconotide in the treatment of refractory pain in patients with cancer or AIDS: a randomized controlled trial.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide (formerly SNX-111) selectively blocks N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels and may be effective in patients with pain that is refractory to opioid therapy or those with intolerable opioid-related adverse effects. To assess the safety and efficacy of intrathecal ziconotide in patients with pain that is refractory to conventional treatment. Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomize","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1001/jama.291.1.63","pubmedId":"14709577","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=13). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1001/jama.291.1.63","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:33.650Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"7e8404a7-3de5-4c93-8d38-20cbd592b738","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Intrathecal ziconotide for refractory pain.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15212625/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Intrathecal ziconotide for refractory pain.\" Abstract excerpt: For cancer and AIDS patients, 10-30% of pain is refractory to strong opioids, requiring intraspinal administration for pain management. Ziconotide is a selective N-type calcium channel blocker, which inhibits neurotransmitter release, and following intrathecal administration will affect primary nociceptive afferents. In 108 patients with previously unmanaged refractory pain despite the use of syst","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1517/13543784.13.7.875","pubmedId":"15212625","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=136, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1517/13543784.13.7.875","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:33.721Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"52d3c896-eb82-4829-89c0-805dcfd419e2","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Dilution of Ziconotide for Intrathecal Trial: The Effect of Dilution on the Incidence of Side Effects and Pain Relief: A Single-center Retrospective Case-control Study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40168566/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Dilution of Ziconotide for Intrathecal Trial: The Effect of Dilution on the Incidence of Side Effects and Pain Relief: A Single-center Retrospective Case-control Study.\" Abstract excerpt: The optimal dosing and delivery strategies for intrathecal ziconotide are debated.&#xa0; Previous research suggests that high volume, low concentration dosing techniques may decrease side effects and enhance analgesic effect. Previous studies that have investigated the effects of diluting ziconotide have examined continuous infusions of the medication through an intrathecal pump. This study invest","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.36076/ppj.2025.28.147","pubmedId":"40168566","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=59, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.36076/ppj.2025.28.147","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:33.797Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"c43314f7-426c-4db0-9d9e-3eb1df263535","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Intrathecal ziconotide for the treatment of chronic pain: a collection of clinical experiences and literature review.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39194195/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Intrathecal ziconotide for the treatment of chronic pain: a collection of clinical experiences and literature review.\" Abstract excerpt: Despite the wide use of ziconotide in the USA for treating refractory cancer- and noncancer-related pain, this agent is little used in Europe, even if licensed by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). The reason could be attributed to the high, fixed starting dose required for ziconotide, as stated in the EMA Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC). This dosage recommendation is based on the resu","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202408_36640","pubmedId":"39194195","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=24, totalMentions=11). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.26355/eurrev_202408_36640","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:33.873Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"0e7cd4e6-5431-49ff-82a1-102862689f0b","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Intrathecal Ziconotide and Morphine for Pain Relief: A Case Series of Eight Patients with Refractory Cancer Pain, Including Five Cases of Neuropathic Pain.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26563119/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Intrathecal Ziconotide and Morphine for Pain Relief: A Case Series of Eight Patients with Refractory Cancer Pain, Including Five Cases of Neuropathic Pain.\" Abstract excerpt: Studies have shown that, at low doses and with careful titration, combination therapy with intrathecal ziconotide and morphine results in rapid control of opioid-refractory cancer pain. However, there is a lack of published data regarding the efficacy and safety of intrathecal ziconotide specifically for the treatment of neuropathic cancer pain. Case reports of ziconotide intrathecal infusion in e","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1007/s40120-015-0035-z","pubmedId":"26563119","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=103, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s40120-015-0035-z","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:33.945Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"8108d5a7-f9b7-41ed-9db7-72b9fa587fec","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Intrathecal ziconotide and baclofen provide pain relief in seven patients with neuropathic pain and spasticity: case reports.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19156022/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Intrathecal ziconotide and baclofen provide pain relief in seven patients with neuropathic pain and spasticity: case reports.\" Abstract excerpt: Seven cases of combination of intrathecal (IT) ziconotide and baclofen therapy in patients with refractory neuropathic pain and spasticity were reviewed. Five of the seven adult patients were receiving IT baclofen treatment when ziconotide was initiated. All five patients had experienced at least one previous failed IT treatment regimen. Pain intensity scores improved by a mean of 50.3% with the u","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"19156022","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=47, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:19156022","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:34.089Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"6c1e6dce-d133-4495-b75b-9c1f500b3faf","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Intrathecal Ziconotide Long-Term Management in Chronic Postamputation Pain.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42548796/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Intrathecal Ziconotide Long-Term Management in Chronic Postamputation Pain.\" Abstract excerpt: The clinical case of a young patient with intractable residual limb pain is presented. Following the initial administration of opioids and subsequent overuse, the patient was switched to intrathecal (IT) ziconotide infusion with complete opioid withdrawal. After 15 years of treatment with ziconotide infusion, the patient achieved sustained analgesic control and excellent functional recovery. IT zi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1155/cria/9977830","pubmedId":"42548796","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=204, totalMentions=3). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1155/cria/9977830","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:34.161Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"5d267cfe-7fa0-423a-a56a-b1eff359a27a","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Delivery of ziconotide to cerebrospinal fluid via intranasal pathway for the treatment of chronic pain.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26732557/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Delivery of ziconotide to cerebrospinal fluid via intranasal pathway for the treatment of chronic pain.\" Abstract excerpt: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the plausibility of delivery of ziconotide to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) via intranasal administration. Ziconotide was administered either in the form of solution or Kolliphor P 407 gels (KP 407) intranasally in Sprague-Dawley rats. The effect of incorporation of chitosan in the formulation was also investigated. Time course of drug in the CSF","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.044","pubmedId":"26732557","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=84, totalMentions=11). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.044","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:34.240Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"2dd80e69-105d-4aed-a68a-15f725c9a294","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Administering ziconotide and monitoring patients treated with ziconotide: expert opinions.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23972874/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Administering ziconotide and monitoring patients treated with ziconotide: expert opinions.\" Abstract excerpt: Some patients with chronic pain who are intolerant of or refractory to treatment with systemic analgesics may benefit from intrathecal therapy. Ziconotide is the first nonopioid analgesic approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for intrathecal administration. Several randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of ziconot","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2011.05.004","pubmedId":"23972874","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=144, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2011.05.004","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:34.313Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"f23b23ee-540f-4a82-aa26-01dbd4077c13","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Dual Effect of Ziconotide in Primary Erythromelalgia.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26609309/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Dual Effect of Ziconotide in Primary Erythromelalgia.\" Abstract excerpt: Erythromelalgia (EM) is a rare disabling clinical syndrome more commonly known to affect the lower extremities. There is no single effective treatment for this disease that often requires a multidisciplinary approach. Herein, we report the case of a 31-year-old woman affected by primary erythromelalgia who was successfully treated with intrathecal Ziconotide. We also observed an unexpected result ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1155/2015/592170","pubmedId":"26609309","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=350, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1155/2015/592170","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:34.387Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"6137fa98-5140-4207-af33-db313b0a5e67","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Use of Low Dose Ziconotide as First-Line Intrathecal Monotherapy.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27492135/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Use of Low Dose Ziconotide as First-Line Intrathecal Monotherapy.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide use in intrathecal drug therapy (IDT) has been limited by dosing related side effects. We examine our experience with ziconotide as a first line IDT monotherapy in patients with chronic pain and present our low and slow dosing algorithm aimed at reducing these patient experienced side effects while adequately managing pain. We retrospectively reviewed demographics, dosing, and outcomes ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1111/ner.12486","pubmedId":"27492135","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/ner.12486","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:34.461Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"755261b2-8dc7-40f0-8de4-8f0077a52cfc","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Real-Life Data on Ziconotide-Based Intrathecal Therapy in Patients With Cancer Pain: Interim Analysis of the Observational Practice in Clinics Registry.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42189020/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Real-Life Data on Ziconotide-Based Intrathecal Therapy in Patients With Cancer Pain: Interim Analysis of the Observational Practice in Clinics Registry.\" Abstract excerpt: This study aimed to provide real-world data on the utilization of ziconotide-containing intrathecal (IT) treatment. This ongoing European multicenter, prospective observational study included patients experiencing severe refractory chronic pain, eligible for IT analgesia using ziconotide. Patients are treated and observed according to the site's usual practice. The study includes an interim analys","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.neurom.2026.04.006","pubmedId":"42189020","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=66, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.neurom.2026.04.006","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:34.533Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"2394725f-db30-4a04-b090-8276eccadf92","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"[New medications; ziconotide].","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17131701/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"[New medications; ziconotide].\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide is a synthetic analogue of a peptide found in the poison of the marine snail Conus magus. Ziconotide blocks N-type calcium channels, which play an important role in the transmission of pain signals in the dorsal ganglia of the spinal cord. The drug is indicated for 'severe chronic pain' and is administered intrathecally.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"17131701","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:17131701","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:34.606Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"a5e19a13-6b60-460a-aac9-7ffd7f4531d3","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Bioavailability of Ziconotide in brain: influx from blood, stability, and diffusion.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10822104/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Bioavailability of Ziconotide in brain: influx from blood, stability, and diffusion.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide is a selective peptide antagonist of the N-type calcium channel currently in clinical trials for analgesia. Ziconotide reached a maximal brain concentration of between 0.003 and 0.006% of the injected material per gram of tissue at 3-20 min after i.v. injection, and this decayed to below 0.001%/g after 2 h. The structurally distinct conopeptide SNX-185 (synthetic TVIA) was considerably ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1016/s0196-9781(00)00175-3","pubmedId":"10822104","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(00)00175-3","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:34.679Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"d0ea133f-3bbc-4dca-b9a0-44a597c81c6c","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Effect of First-Line Ziconotide Intrathecal Drug Therapy for Neuropathic Pain on Disability, Emotional Well-Being, and Pain Catastrophizing.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33096281/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Effect of First-Line Ziconotide Intrathecal Drug Therapy for Neuropathic Pain on Disability, Emotional Well-Being, and Pain Catastrophizing.\" Abstract excerpt: Previous studies have shown decreased pain scores with ziconotide as a first-line agent for intrathecal drug therapy (IDT). Subset analysis suggests that patients with neuropathic pain have greater improvement. We prospectively examine the role of first-line ziconotide IDT on the tridimensional pain experience in ziconotide IDT-naive patients with neuropathic pain. We included patients who underwe","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1016/j.wneu.2020.10.079","pubmedId":"33096281","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=55, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2020.10.079","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:34.753Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"ba64a6a6-0d9e-45f6-939b-d1248405d7af","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Low-Dose Intrathecal Ziconotide for Spasticity From Primary Lateral Sclerosis: A Case Report.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31260413/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Low-Dose Intrathecal Ziconotide for Spasticity From Primary Lateral Sclerosis: A Case Report.\" Abstract excerpt: Spasticity can be very debilitating and painful. We present a case of severe spasticity from primary lateral sclerosis refractory to intrathecal baclofen in doses up to 1100 &#x3bc;g/d. Baclofen was weaned down and switched to intrathecal ziconotide at 0.6 &#x3bc;g/d. The dose was then titrated up to 3 &#x3bc;g/d with excellent control of spasticity. This case suggests that low-dose intrathecal zi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1213/xaa.0000000000000978","pubmedId":"31260413","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=239, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1213/xaa.0000000000000978","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:34.825Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"091c7eff-6547-4095-8098-3e920143ec6b","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Dyskinesia caused by ziconotide-baclofen combination in an adolescent affected by cerebral palsy.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24513956/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Dyskinesia caused by ziconotide-baclofen combination in an adolescent affected by cerebral palsy.\" Abstract excerpt: To report on the first case of ziconotide-induced dyskinesia. Ziconotide, a synthetic peptide analogue of the &#x3c9;-conotoxin MVIIA that blocks selectively N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels, has been used in intrathecal administration for 30 years. Ziconotide is a drug of choice for chronic pain because of its efficacy and flexibility because it can substitute or complement other intrath","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1097/aap.0000000000000054","pubmedId":"24513956","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=31, totalMentions=10). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/aap.0000000000000054","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:34.897Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"eb724cd4-6e6f-4b4e-bda7-87e850f4ed39","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Long-term intrathecal ziconotide for chronic pain: an open-label study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18715748/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Long-term intrathecal ziconotide for chronic pain: an open-label study.\" Abstract excerpt: This open-label multicenter study evaluated the long-term safety and efficacy of intrathecal ziconotide and included 78 patients with chronic pain who had completed one of two previous ziconotide clinical trials. Each patient's initial ziconotide dose was based on his or her dose from the study of origin and was adjusted as necessary on the basis of adverse events and analgesic effect. The median ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2008.02.016","pubmedId":"18715748","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=93, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2008.02.016","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:34.969Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"117a9187-2c1d-4d5d-96c3-25a4decad578","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Cost-effectiveness of ziconotide in intrathecal pain management for severe chronic pain patients in the UK.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19563256/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Cost-effectiveness of ziconotide in intrathecal pain management for severe chronic pain patients in the UK.\" Abstract excerpt: To examine the cost-effectiveness of using intrathecal ziconotide in the treatment of severe chronic pain compared to best supportive care for patients with intractable chronic pain in the United Kingdom. Using a simulation model, the analysis evaluated the cost and health economic consequences of using ziconotide as a treatment for severe chronic pain. The modelled population and clinical data we","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1185/03007990903090849","pubmedId":"19563256","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=55, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1185/03007990903090849","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:35.040Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"d6f08c6b-8333-4008-bd78-b3a702165b0b","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Nonclinical safety of ziconotide: an intrathecal analgesic of a new pharmaceutical class.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17963128/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Nonclinical safety of ziconotide: an intrathecal analgesic of a new pharmaceutical class.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide, a potent, selective, reversible blocker of neuronal N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels, is approved in the United States for the management of severe chronic pain in patients for whom intrathecal therapy is warranted, and who are intolerant or refractory to other treatment, such as systemic analgesics, adjunctive therapies, or intrathecal morphine. In the European Union, ziconot","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1080/10915810701582970","pubmedId":"17963128","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1080/10915810701582970","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:35.113Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"b3a3582d-c995-4a8a-b3c5-3335bf0644b0","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Chemical stability of ziconotide-clonidine hydrochloride admixtures with and without morphine sulfate during simulated intrathecal administration.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22150946/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Chemical stability of ziconotide-clonidine hydrochloride admixtures with and without morphine sulfate during simulated intrathecal administration.\" Abstract excerpt: Objective.&#x2002; To determine the stability of ziconotide-clonidine hydrochloride admixtures with and without morphine sulfate during simulated intrathecal infusion under laboratory conditions at 37&#xb0;. Materials and Methods.&#x2002; Admixtures of ziconotide (25&#xa0;&#xb5;g/mL) and clonidine hydrochloride (2&#xa0;mg/mL) with and without morphine sulfate (35&#xa0;mg/mL) were stored in Medtron","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1111/j.1525-1403.2007.00130.x","pubmedId":"22150946","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=49, totalMentions=11). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1525-1403.2007.00130.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:35.185Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"32c1e7dd-8055-496d-8880-c87ea7c8071a","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Long-term intrathecal ziconotide therapy: a case study and discussion.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22151657/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Long-term intrathecal ziconotide therapy: a case study and discussion.\" Abstract excerpt: This case study describes the therapeutic result of intrathecal administration of ziconotide, a new synthetic neurotoxin derived from the venom of the Philippine marine snail, Conus Magus, to a 48-year-old male with chronic, and previously untreatable, neuropathic pain of an undeterminable etiology. The patient suffered tactile allodynia and reported his baseline pain intensity to be 80 mm on the ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2001,"doi":"10.1046/j.1525-1403.2001.00121.x","pubmedId":"22151657","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=82, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1046/j.1525-1403.2001.00121.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:35.261Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"666a0032-9f1e-4f66-9e8a-5f628b6ced12","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Intrathecal therapy with ziconotide: clinical experience and considerations on its use.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19034250/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Intrathecal therapy with ziconotide: clinical experience and considerations on its use.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide is a synthetic peptide equivalent of an w-conotoxin, obtained from the marine snail Conus magus, which acts by blocking N-type calcium channels in the spinal cord, reducing the perception of pain. It is a newly marketed drug, exclusively for intrathecal use, indicated for severe chronic pain. Ziconotide came to the physicians' table with both doubts and promises; to determine its safety","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"19034250","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:19034250","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:35.332Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"6120b93b-fb3d-4084-b4e5-1f76448d820c","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Intrathecal combination of ziconotide and morphine for refractory cancer pain: a rapidly acting and effective choice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22082570/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Intrathecal combination of ziconotide and morphine for refractory cancer pain: a rapidly acting and effective choice.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide is a nonopioid intrathecal analgesic drug used to manage moderate to severe chronic pain. The aim of this work is to assess the safety and efficacy of intrathecal (IT) combination of ziconotide and morphine in malignant pain refractory to high doses of oral opioids. Patients with malignant pain refractory to high oral opioids doses with a mean visual analogue scale of pain intensity (VA","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1016/j.pain.2011.10.002","pubmedId":"22082570","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.pain.2011.10.002","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:35.481Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"dff1d11f-c450-47b7-9792-d29f9b788847","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Pharmacokinetic analysis of ziconotide (SNX-111), an intrathecal N-type calcium channel blocking analgesic, delivered by bolus and infusion in the dog.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22748108/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Pharmacokinetic analysis of ziconotide (SNX-111), an intrathecal N-type calcium channel blocking analgesic, delivered by bolus and infusion in the dog.\" Abstract excerpt: &#x2002; Ziconotide is a peptide that blocks N-type calcium channels and is antihyperalgesic after intrathecal (IT) delivery. We here characterize the spinal kinetics of IT bolus and infused ziconotide in dog. &#x2002; Male beagle dogs (N= 5) were prepared with chronic IT lumbar injection and cerebrospinal fluid (LCSF) sampling catheters connected to vest-mounted pumps. Each dog received the follo","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1111/j.1525-1403.2012.00479.x","pubmedId":"22748108","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=9, totalMentions=12). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1525-1403.2012.00479.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:35.554Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"b6ba1bbe-364c-4036-a6e5-9a2b42ddfb6c","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"An evaluation of intrathecal ziconotide for the treatment of chronic pain.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11060815/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"An evaluation of intrathecal ziconotide for the treatment of chronic pain.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide, the synthetic form of cone snail peptide pi-conotoxin MVIIA, is a neurone-specific N-type calcium channel blocker with an analgesic and neuroprotective effect. Intrathecal ziconotide has been recommended for approval by the FDA for the management of chronic pain. Spinally administered ziconotide produces analgesia by blocking neurotransmitter release from primary nociceptive afferents ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1517/13543784.9.10.2403","pubmedId":"11060815","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1517/13543784.9.10.2403","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:35.697Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"59a1d97f-e741-4619-b7ce-5a31b4b70174","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Intrathecal Administration of Ziconotide as a Potential Treatment for Chronic Migraines.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35505713/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Intrathecal Administration of Ziconotide as a Potential Treatment for Chronic Migraines.\" Abstract excerpt: Migraine is one of the most prevalent and debilitating illnesses globally. There are multitudes of treatment options available for migraines. One of the emerging treatment options for migraine, refractory to conventional treatment modalities, is the intrathecal Ziconotide. Ziconotide (Prialt, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Dublin, Ireland) enforces selective block of N-type calcium channels, which control ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.7759/cureus.23714","pubmedId":"35505713","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=262, totalMentions=5). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.7759/cureus.23714","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:35.773Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"f4a88dc0-e038-43aa-878c-30eeb352c935","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Study of Physicochemical Stability of Ziconotide in Medication Cassette Reservoir.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32743885/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Study of Physicochemical Stability of Ziconotide in Medication Cassette Reservoir.\" Abstract excerpt: To determine the physicochemical stability of ziconotide solutions for intrathecal administration in the Medication Cassette Reservoir (MCR). A stability indicating UPLC-DAD method was developed and validated according to the ICH guidelines. Two mixtures of ziconotide (0.40 &#x3bc;g/mL and 0.60 &#x3bc;g/mL) stored in MCR stored at 25 &#xb1; 2&#xb0;C were evaluated for 14 days and compared to the i","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1111/ner.13218","pubmedId":"32743885","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=46, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/ner.13218","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:36.209Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"d510bef6-3209-4017-b729-a4f84baa598d","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Bolus intrathecal injection of ziconotide (Prialt®) to evaluate the option of continuous administration via an implanted intrathecal drug delivery (ITDD) system: a pilot study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23205907/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Bolus intrathecal injection of ziconotide (Prialt®) to evaluate the option of continuous administration via an implanted intrathecal drug delivery (ITDD) system: a pilot study.\" Abstract excerpt: This study evaluated efficacy and safety of bolus doses of ziconotide (Prialt&#xae;, Eisai Limited, Hertfordshire, UK) to assess the option of continuous administration of this drug via an implanted intrathecal drug delivery system. Twenty adults with severe chronic pain who were under consideration for intrathecal (IT) therapy were enrolled in this open label, nonrandomized, pilot study. Informed","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1111/ner.12003","pubmedId":"23205907","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=59, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/ner.12003","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:35.846Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"69b7a734-a3a2-4971-bf86-ea29380c138f","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Intrathecal pain management with ziconotide: Time for consensus?","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33690987/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Intrathecal pain management with ziconotide: Time for consensus?\" Abstract excerpt: This article summarizes recommendations made by six pain specialists who discussed the rationale for ziconotide intrathecal analgesia (ITA) and the requirement for evidence-based guidance on its use, from a European perspective. Riemser Pharma GmbH (Greifswald, Germany), which holds the European marketing authorization for ziconotide, hosted the meeting. The group agreed that ITA is under-used in ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1002/brb3.2055","pubmedId":"33690987","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=101, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/brb3.2055","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:35.921Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"67aed6a2-6b51-46d4-a7f6-2c45abb016dd","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Safety and efficacy of intrathecal ziconotide in the management of severe chronic pain.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19707262/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Safety and efficacy of intrathecal ziconotide in the management of severe chronic pain.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide is a conopeptide intrathecal (IT) analgesic which is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the management of severe chronic pain. It is a synthetic equivalent of a naturally occurring conopeptide found in the venom of the fish-eating marine cone snail and provides analgesia via binding to N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels in the spinal cord. As ziconotide is ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.2147/tcrm.s4438","pubmedId":"19707262","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=8). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2147/tcrm.s4438","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:35.994Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"c3b701b4-1a41-47dd-88ff-329234523076","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Continuous Intrathecal Infusion of Ziconotide for Treatment of Chronic Malignant and Nonmalignant Pain Over 12 Months: A Prospective, Open-label Study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22150990/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Continuous Intrathecal Infusion of Ziconotide for Treatment of Chronic Malignant and Nonmalignant Pain Over 12 Months: A Prospective, Open-label Study.\" Abstract excerpt: Objectives.&#x2002; This study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of long-term intrathecal (IT) ziconotide infusion. Materials and Methods.&#x2002; In this prospective study, 155 patients with severe chronic pain (48 with malignant pain, 107 with nonmalignant pain) who had been responsive to short-term IT ziconotide in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study received long-term, open-label IT ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1111/j.1525-1403.2007.00141.x","pubmedId":"22150990","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=100, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1525-1403.2007.00141.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:36.065Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"74d9ed67-f540-4e8e-b0a8-6aafe25eb5c2","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Influence of pH and temperature on ziconotide stability in intrathecal analgesic admixtures in implantable pumps and syringes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25891257/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Influence of pH and temperature on ziconotide stability in intrathecal analgesic admixtures in implantable pumps and syringes.\" Abstract excerpt: The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of pH and temperature on the stability of ziconotide in analgesic admixtures containing morphine and ropivacaine. All admixtures were combined using a wide range of concentrations, in implantable pumps and syringes, using temperatures from 4&#xb0;C to 37&#xb0;C. Quantification was made thanks to a specific chromatographic technique. pH has also","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.04.041","pubmedId":"25891257","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=96, totalMentions=2). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.04.041","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:36.137Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"6b47164c-ca11-490d-8500-bf61955edc76","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Effectiveness and Safety of Intrathecal Ziconotide: Final Results of the Patient Registry of Intrathecal Ziconotide Management (PRIZM).","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32472137/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Effectiveness and Safety of Intrathecal Ziconotide: Final Results of the Patient Registry of Intrathecal Ziconotide Management (PRIZM).\" Abstract excerpt: The Patient Registry of Intrathecal Ziconotide Management evaluated the long-term effectiveness and safety of intrathecal ziconotide. The study was a prospective, multicenter observational study of intrathecal ziconotide in US clinical practice. Patients were adults with severe chronic pain that warranted intrathecal therapy. Ziconotide was initiated as the single agent in the pump; however, other","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1093/pm/pnaa115","pubmedId":"32472137","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=36, totalMentions=6). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/pm/pnaa115","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:36.282Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"981e5e31-4d22-46db-8de2-9d9dde76e07d","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Effectiveness and Safety of Intrathecal Ziconotide: Interim Analysis of the Patient Registry of Intrathecal Ziconotide Management (PRIZM).","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28449352/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Effectiveness and Safety of Intrathecal Ziconotide: Interim Analysis of the Patient Registry of Intrathecal Ziconotide Management (PRIZM).\" Abstract excerpt: The Patient Registry of Intrathecal Ziconotide Management (PRIZM) evaluated long-term effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of intrathecal ziconotide treatment in clinical practice. Patient Registry of Intrathecal Ziconotide Management was an open-label, long-term, multicenter, observational study of adult patients with severe chronic pain. This interim analysis (data through July 10, 2015) of z","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1111/papr.12599","pubmedId":"28449352","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=36, totalMentions=7). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/papr.12599","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:36.358Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"58659c08-96ec-4d9c-b522-e9e20286907c","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Stability Study of Admixtures Combining Ziconotide With Morphine or Sufentanil in Polypropylene Syringes.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33095956/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Stability Study of Admixtures Combining Ziconotide With Morphine or Sufentanil in Polypropylene Syringes.\" Abstract excerpt: The association of morphine ziconotide or sufentanil ziconotide was used to manage cancer pain. Moving these patients is sometimes difficult. In order to transport these syringes for pump refilling, it could be interesting to demonstrate the stability of the mixture and so to be able to ensure the best transport conditions of syringes. A stability indicating UPLC-DAD method was developed and valid","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1111/ner.13289","pubmedId":"33095956","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=28, totalMentions=4). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/ner.13289","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:36.429Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"918016bb-281e-4094-b953-889e120f9809","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"In vitro stability of low-concentration ziconotide alone or in admixtures in intrathecal pumps.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24512055/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"In vitro stability of low-concentration ziconotide alone or in admixtures in intrathecal pumps.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide is often administered in combination with other analgesics via an intrathecal pump. Studies have established that ziconotide is stable when delivered alone in high concentrations. No stability data are available, however, for ziconotide given in low concentrations and/or with other analgesics as usually occurs in clinical oncology practice. The objective of this study was to assess the ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1111/ner.12142","pubmedId":"24512055","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=13). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/ner.12142","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:36.501Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"80c70989-3217-47d0-a172-2fe3f4937c2d","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"A Benefit/Risk Assessment of Intrathecal Ziconotide in Chronic Pain: A Narrative Review.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38541869/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"A Benefit/Risk Assessment of Intrathecal Ziconotide in Chronic Pain: A Narrative Review.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide is an intrathecal drug administered for the treatment of chronic pain. The current literature lacks an exhaustive benefit/risk assessment on this drug. We herein focus on Ziconotide's pharmacology and clinical applications. Literature research was conducted to identify studies on Ziconotide administration for the treatment of chronic pain, published between January 1990 and March 2023 a","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.3390/jcm13061644","pubmedId":"38541869","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: abstract_confirms_peptide_as_subject (firstMentionChar=0, totalMentions=9). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3390/jcm13061644","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:29:36.581Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"1c50a4cc-5f5b-4648-89ef-465bce618ed4","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Ziconotide for Management of Cancer Pain Refractory to Pharmacotherapy: An Update.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32940675/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Ziconotide for Management of Cancer Pain Refractory to Pharmacotherapy: An Update.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1093/pm/pnaa251","pubmedId":"32940675","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/pm/pnaa251","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:38.677Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"2de62570-5406-44f8-b9b2-21453c17fd8e","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Ziconotide (Prialt) for chronic pain.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16331245/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Ziconotide (Prialt) for chronic pain.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"16331245","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:16331245","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:38.752Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"4acc57a1-e1eb-4c55-b116-95f0d786adbc","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Ziconotide. CI 1009, SNX 111.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10565986/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Ziconotide. CI 1009, SNX 111.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1999,"doi":"10.2165/00126839-199901010-00019","pubmedId":"10565986","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2165/00126839-199901010-00019","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:38.827Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"3e639589-6044-4847-908d-42367bbc3125","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"[Ziconotide: an innovative alternative for intense chronic neuropathic pain].","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18050098/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"[Ziconotide: an innovative alternative for intense chronic neuropathic pain].\" Abstract excerpt: Intense chronic pain is a very important health problem, as it has a high prevalence (5-10%), a multifactorial aetiology and its management is very often a very complex affair. Treatment of severe cases sometimes requires interventional approaches, such as continuous intrathecal infusion of opioids. We report the case of a 38-year-old female with intense neuropathic pain in the lower back and the ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.33588/rn.4511.2007266","pubmedId":"18050098","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.33588/rn.4511.2007266","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:38.900Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"c249e03e-669d-45a4-a00c-a7cfdd61914d","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Can ziconotide as a N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channel blocker open a new mode for treatment of autism? A hypothesis.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21206454/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Can ziconotide as a N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channel blocker open a new mode for treatment of autism? A hypothesis.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"21206454","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:21206454","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:38.975Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"4f762bbb-3895-4fba-9f88-3edbde6d05c3","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Using ziconotide for intrathecal infusions.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19033968/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Using ziconotide for intrathecal infusions.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1097/01.nurse.0000342012.07225.e4","pubmedId":"19033968","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/01.nurse.0000342012.07225.e4","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:39.052Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"d436b94e-69e7-4612-abf5-e5e76d8b2b50","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Elan: ziconotide review focused on off-label uses.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16323709/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Elan: ziconotide review focused on off-label uses.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1177/104990910502200602","pubmedId":"16323709","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/104990910502200602","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:39.128Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"c9b8b6ad-7109-4cac-9dd8-0c5906b3a5de","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Ziconotide: A rapid detoxification protocol for the conversion from intrathecal morphine--the Raffaeli Detoxification Model.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21434581/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Ziconotide: A rapid detoxification protocol for the conversion from intrathecal morphine--the Raffaeli Detoxification Model.\" Abstract excerpt: To assess the efficacy and the safety of our rapid detoxificationprotocol in preventing signs and symptoms of withdrawal and pain severity. Prospective, open-label case series study. Public primary care at the Pain and Palliative Care Unit of the Infermi Hospital of Rimini, Italy. The authors studied 10 consecutive patients suffering from chronic noncancer pain who were refractory to intrathecal (","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.5055/jom.2011.0045","pubmedId":"21434581","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.5055/jom.2011.0045","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:38.376Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"c986d800-a059-4061-a786-6eec4778e7e3","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Ziconotide-Induced Oro-lingual Dyskinesia: 3 Cases.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33101763/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Ziconotide-Induced Oro-lingual Dyskinesia: 3 Cases.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide (ZCN), a nonopioid analgesic, is first-line intrathecal therapy for patients with severe chronic pain refractory to other management options. We describe three cases of ZCN-induced movement disorders. Case one is a 64-year-old woman who presented with oro-lingual (OL) dyskinesia with dysesthesias and bilateral upper extremity kinetic tremor. Case two is a 43-year-old man with a 20-month","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.5334/tohm.431","pubmedId":"33101763","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.5334/tohm.431","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:38.452Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"7570ad9b-c5ca-474b-ad31-4ef27ee75f1e","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Ziconotide intrathecal delivery as treatment for secondary therapeutic failure of motor cortex stimulation after 6 years.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27771111/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Ziconotide intrathecal delivery as treatment for secondary therapeutic failure of motor cortex stimulation after 6 years.\" Abstract excerpt: Motor cortex stimulation is a well-known treatment modality for refractory neuropathic pain. Nevertheless, some cases of therapeutic failure have been described but alternative therapies for these cases are rarely reported. The patient presented with neuropathic pain in his right arm due to a cervical syrinx which was surgically treated by a shunt in 2003&#xa0;with no clinical improvement. As alte","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1016/j.neuchi.2016.06.007","pubmedId":"27771111","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.neuchi.2016.06.007","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:38.528Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"810b6b5f-e3a2-42b1-b406-2ed73660d0f3","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Ziconotide for the treatment of severe spasticity after spinal cord injury.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10692630/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Ziconotide for the treatment of severe spasticity after spinal cord injury.\" Abstract excerpt: Spasticity is a major clinical manifestation of spinal cord injury and upper motor neuron syndrome.","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00255-9","pubmedId":"10692630","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00255-9","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:38.603Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"7f4d1427-04db-4e8d-a4d6-ea720aedf5d3","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Spinal morphine but not ziconotide or gabapentin analgesia is affected by alternative splicing of voltage-gated calcium channel CaV2.2 pre-mRNA.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24369063/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Spinal morphine but not ziconotide or gabapentin analgesia is affected by alternative splicing of voltage-gated calcium channel CaV2.2 pre-mRNA.\" Abstract excerpt: Presynaptic voltage-gated calcium Ca(V)2.2 channels play a privileged role in spinal level sensitization following peripheral nerve injury. Direct and indirect inhibitors of Ca(V)2.2 channel activity in spinal dorsal horn are analgesic in chronic pain states. Ca(V)2.2 channels represent a family of splice isoforms that are expressed in different combinations according to cell-type. A pair of mutua","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1186/1744-8069-9-67","pubmedId":"24369063","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1186/1744-8069-9-67","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:39.356Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"a880ae61-7382-44bc-8c67-7fd2565f7a6a","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"New drugs: tigecycline, ziconotide, and clofarabine.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16295652/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"New drugs: tigecycline, ziconotide, and clofarabine.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1331/1544345055001238","pubmedId":"16295652","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1331/1544345055001238","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:39.432Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"f2220f09-14d9-45ee-820c-1ff454f94b52","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Tailored delivery of analgesic ziconotide across a blood brain barrier model using viral nanocontainers.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26234920/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Tailored delivery of analgesic ziconotide across a blood brain barrier model using viral nanocontainers.\" Abstract excerpt: The blood brain barrier (BBB) is often an insurmountable obstacle for a large number of candidate drugs, including peptides, antibiotics, and chemotherapeutic agents. Devising an adroit delivery method to cross the BBB is essential to unlocking widespread application of peptide therapeutics. Presented here is an engineered nanocontainer for delivering peptidic drugs across the BBB encapsulating th","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1038/srep12497","pubmedId":"26234920","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/srep12497","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:39.509Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"4c6766e8-d896-4b65-9358-264378043dd9","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Microneedle-mediated delivery of Ziconotide-loaded liposomes fused with exosomes for analgesia.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36898532/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Microneedle-mediated delivery of Ziconotide-loaded liposomes fused with exosomes for analgesia.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide (ZIC) is an N-type calcium channel antagonist for treating severe chronic pain that is intolerable, or responds poorly to the administration of other drugs, such as intrathecal morphine and systemic analgesics. As it can only work in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid, intrathecal injection is the only administration route for ZIC. In this study, borneol (BOR)-modified liposomes (LIPs) w","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.03.007","pubmedId":"36898532","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.03.007","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:39.584Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"967f53fb-af63-44ee-89fc-c758bf6e38c3","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"The Pharmacology of Spinal Opioids and Ziconotide for the Treatment of Non-Cancer Pain.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26861471/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"The Pharmacology of Spinal Opioids and Ziconotide for the Treatment of Non-Cancer Pain.\" Abstract excerpt: Intrathecal drug delivery has undergone a revitalization following a better understanding of this delivery route and its pharmacokinetics. Driven by patient safety and outcomes, clinicians are motivated to rethink the traditional spinal infusion pump patient selection criteria and indications. We review the current understanding of the pharmacology of commonly employed intrathecal agents and the c","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.2174/1570159x14666160210142339","pubmedId":"26861471","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.2174/1570159x14666160210142339","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:39.808Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"004afc4b-abe7-44f8-9307-4675290019e5","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Effects of intrathecal administration of ziconotide, a selective neuronal N-type calcium channel blocker, on mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia in a rat model of postoperative pain.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10666519/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Effects of intrathecal administration of ziconotide, a selective neuronal N-type calcium channel blocker, on mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia in a rat model of postoperative pain.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide (SNX-111), a selective blocker of neuronal N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels, is antinociceptive when it is administered intrathecally. It is currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of malignant and non-malignant pain syndromes. The present study was undertaken to compare and contrast antinociceptive properties of ziconotide, morphine and clonidine in a rat mode","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00197-9","pubmedId":"10666519","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00197-9","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:39.884Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"3d169558-3246-425a-b7d1-fcdbd66f9abd","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Italian registry on long-term intrathecal ziconotide treatment.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21267038/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Italian registry on long-term intrathecal ziconotide treatment.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide is commonly used for intrathecal (IT) therapy of chronic pain, and has been recently indicated as a first-line IT drug. It is also extremely useful for patients intolerant or refractory to the common IT drugs (such as morphine). The literature, excluding registration studies, mostly includes small samples, and gives only fragmentary evidence on the long-term risks and benefits of zicono","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.36076/ppj.2011/14/15","pubmedId":"21267038","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.36076/ppj.2011/14/15","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:39.960Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"d90c6d22-bd18-4407-8964-8406b92e97c2","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Interactions of intrathecally administered ziconotide, a selective blocker of neuronal N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels, with morphine on nociception in rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10666532/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Interactions of intrathecally administered ziconotide, a selective blocker of neuronal N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels, with morphine on nociception in rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide is a selective, potent and reversible blocker of neuronal N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCCs). Morphine is an agonist of mu-opioid receptors and inhibits N-type VSCC channels via a G-protein coupling mechanism. Both agents are antinociceptive when they are administered intrathecally (spinally). The present study investigated the acute and chronic (7-day) interactions of in","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00214-6","pubmedId":"10666532","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00214-6","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:40.036Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"bb35e735-52e2-4b4e-ae24-4f8bfba977f2","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Increased risk of suicide under intrathecal ziconotide treatment? - a warning.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21041028/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Increased risk of suicide under intrathecal ziconotide treatment? - a warning.\" Abstract excerpt: Despite some other known psychiatric adverse effects, ziconotide is recommended for intrathecal pain treatment with a good efficacy and safety. Although some hints in previous studies are apparent, a higher suicidality has not been accepted as a treatment risk of ziconotide treatment by the investigators in the former randomized controlled trials so far. We present two cases supporting the suspici","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1016/j.pain.2010.10.007","pubmedId":"21041028","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.10.007","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:40.111Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"37f4655a-35b0-4940-91be-599818a81fae","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Treatment challenges and complications with ziconotide monotherapy in established pump patients.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16703976/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Treatment challenges and complications with ziconotide monotherapy in established pump patients.\" Abstract excerpt: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved Ziconotide intrathecal infusion for the management of severe chronic pain in patients for whom intrathecal therapy is warranted, and who are intolerant of, or refractory to, other methods of treatment, including intrathecal morphine. Ziconotide is approved as a monotherapy, but there are challenges associated with the decision to wean i","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"16703976","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:16703976","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:40.188Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"33ad2a5f-074a-4a08-92c5-ae80861f26db","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Considerations and methodology for trialing ziconotide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20119460/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Considerations and methodology for trialing ziconotide.\" Abstract excerpt: Before long-term intrathecal analgesic therapy is initiated, patients often undergo a spinal analgesia trial. Ziconotide is a nonopioid intrathecal analgesic used to manage severe chronic pain, and a variety of methods have been used to trial ziconotide. The purpose of this review is to compare and discuss the different methods of ziconotide trialing. Various databases (i.e., PubMed, Excerpta Medi","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.36076/ppj.2010/13/23","pubmedId":"20119460","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: systematic review or meta-analysis. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: synthesis. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.36076/ppj.2010/13/23","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:40.263Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"03ad981e-9f7e-4a3f-b20e-ac26a65202f2","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Trigeminal neuralgia relief with intrathecal ziconotide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21494183/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Trigeminal neuralgia relief with intrathecal ziconotide.\" Abstract excerpt: We report a case of a 59-year-old female with severe TN who experienced satisfactory symptom relief from a single-shot trial of intrathecal ziconotide. Performed a 1 &#x3bc;g single-shot trial of Prialt. Report of satisfaction, no side effects, and complete face and back relief briefly but most notably relief from the TN. Ziconotide should be considered for treatment of TN, although further invest","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1097/ajp.0b013e3181fb22f4","pubmedId":"21494183","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1097/ajp.0b013e3181fb22f4","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:40.337Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"ad92ec43-b5a1-4321-a2dc-8d7d3af90d82","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"[Neuropsychiatric side effects of intrathecal ziconotide].","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21246497/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"[Neuropsychiatric side effects of intrathecal ziconotide].\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.33588/rn.5201.2010475","pubmedId":"21246497","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.33588/rn.5201.2010475","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:40.412Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"48d614a9-8746-4906-8213-622750591b14","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Pain therapeutics from cone snail venoms: From Ziconotide to novel non-opioid pathways.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29777871/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Pain therapeutics from cone snail venoms: From Ziconotide to novel non-opioid pathways.\" Abstract excerpt: There have been numerous attempts to develop non-opioid drugs for severe pain, but the vast majority of these efforts have failed. A notable exception is Ziconotide (Prialt&#xae;), approved by the FDA in 2004. In this review, we summarize the present status of Ziconotide as a therapeutic drug and introduce a wider framework: the potential of venom peptides from cone snails as a resource providing ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1016/j.jprot.2018.05.009","pubmedId":"29777871","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2018.05.009","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:40.487Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"23dde70d-89fa-42bc-b2b1-3fb481b3f3b6","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Chemical Stability of Morphine, Ropivacaine, and Ziconotide in Combination for Intrathecal Analgesia.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28719378/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Chemical Stability of Morphine, Ropivacaine, and Ziconotide in Combination for Intrathecal Analgesia.\" Abstract excerpt: Pain is the most feared symptom amongst individuals living with cancer. In 15% to 20% of patients, conventional analgesic therapy either fails to relieve pain or induces adverse effects. Intrathecal drug delivery systems may present an effective alternative for pain management. The Cancerology Center Paul Papin protocol includes an admixture of morphine, ropivacaine, and ziconotide in intrathecal ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"28719378","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:28719378","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:40.563Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"0f66db0b-aa60-42df-afc8-25d5a39b067d","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intrathecal ziconotide in chronic pain patients.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12817525/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intrathecal ziconotide in chronic pain patients.\" Abstract excerpt: The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ziconotide were assessed over a 48-hour period following intrathecal (i.t.) administration (1, 5, 7.5, or 10 micrograms) to 22 patients with chronic, nonmalignant pain. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were obtained over a 24-hour period. Analgesic efficacy was monitored using Visual Analog Scale of Pain Intensity (VASPI) and Category Pain R","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1177/0091270003043006008","pubmedId":"12817525","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1177/0091270003043006008","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:40.716Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"4ec31eef-a24c-4c89-b24f-7d96662f197d","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Acute cardiovascular toxicity of low-dose intrathecal ziconotide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23855951/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Acute cardiovascular toxicity of low-dose intrathecal ziconotide.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1111/pme.12196","pubmedId":"23855951","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/pme.12196","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:40.792Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"bbac8850-e742-427f-8aaf-72f710a41828","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"SPIDOL study protocol for the assessment of intrathecal ziconotide antalgic efficacy for severe refractory neuropathic pain due to spinal cord lesions.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39244617/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"SPIDOL study protocol for the assessment of intrathecal ziconotide antalgic efficacy for severe refractory neuropathic pain due to spinal cord lesions.\" Abstract excerpt: Central neuropathic pain resulting from spinal cord injury is notoriously debilitating and difficult to treat with few currently available treatments. A novel molecule with intrathecal administration: Ziconotide has been approved for treatment of refractory neuropathic pain in general. It acts as a presynaptic calcium channel blocker. A pilot study has shown its potential in SCI neuropathic pain p","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1186/s13063-024-08387-0","pubmedId":"39244617","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1186/s13063-024-08387-0","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:40.868Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"8940703f-f8cc-4bf8-8768-7b3093e1cb4c","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Effects of an N-type calcium channel antagonist (SNX 111; Ziconotide) on calcium-45 accumulation following fluid-percussion injury.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10547097/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Effects of an N-type calcium channel antagonist (SNX 111; Ziconotide) on calcium-45 accumulation following fluid-percussion injury.\" Abstract excerpt: Accumulation of calcium following experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been demonstrated to be a prominent pathophysiological component that can compromise mitochondrial functioning and threaten cell survival. The omega-conopeptide SNX-111, also known as Ziconotide, is a potent antagonist of the voltage-gated N-type calcium channel and has demonstrated significant neuroprotective effects ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1999,"doi":"10.1089/neu.1999.16.879","pubmedId":"10547097","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1089/neu.1999.16.879","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:40.943Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"847e098e-6e12-4dbb-9e8f-f677c915998f","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Physicochemical Stability Study of the Morphine-Bupivacaine-Ziconotide Association.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38300172/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Physicochemical Stability Study of the Morphine-Bupivacaine-Ziconotide Association.\" Abstract excerpt: The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical stability of morphine-bupivacaine-ziconotide mixtures used in intrathecal analgesia in polypropylene syringes and intrathecal pumps. The stability study method was conceived according to International Council for Harmonisation guidelines. For propylene syringes, six different mixtures of morphine-bupivacaine and ziconotide were assessed ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.neurom.2023.11.009","pubmedId":"38300172","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.neurom.2023.11.009","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:41.015Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"ee9d5e46-8916-4272-8fb0-522e57b0f591","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"[Experience in treatment of patients with neuropathic facial pain using ziconotide].","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21818721/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"[Experience in treatment of patients with neuropathic facial pain using ziconotide].\" Abstract excerpt: We report on the intrathecal use of ziconotide in three patients with idiopathic facial pain after surgery of the mouth, jaw or face and one patient with neuropathic pain after damage of the lingual nerve. The therapy was successful in three patients but one patient with idiopathic facial pain had pain relief only during the test phase of ziconotide with an external pump and not after implanting t","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1007/s00482-011-1080-x","pubmedId":"21818721","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00482-011-1080-x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:41.987Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"f24f92a3-e4ed-42c2-938e-0c1696295a28","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Physicochemical Stability Study of the Morphine-Ropivacaine-Ziconotide Association in Implantable Pumps for Intrathecal Administration.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35088750/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Physicochemical Stability Study of the Morphine-Ropivacaine-Ziconotide Association in Implantable Pumps for Intrathecal Administration.\" Abstract excerpt: This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical stability of morphine-ropivacaine-ziconotide mixtures used in intrathecal analgesia. Eight mixtures were studied to assess their stability profiles according to the initial drug concentrations used. The solutions obtained were put in implantable pumps and stored at 37 &#xb0;C over a period of 60 days. Assays were performed using ultra high-pressu","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.neurom.2021.10.002","pubmedId":"35088750","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.neurom.2021.10.002","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:41.091Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"c94da63c-0da3-47a9-b619-413b8a9f978a","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"[What became of Prialt®? : Observational study on the use of ziconotide in the treatment of chronic pain].","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33507370/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"[What became of Prialt®? : Observational study on the use of ziconotide in the treatment of chronic pain].\" Abstract excerpt: Prialt&#xae; was approved by the European Medicine Agency in February 2005. Besides morphine, it is the only analgesic approved for long-term intrathecal infusion in the treatment of chronic pain. As it does not bind to opioid receptors, its use in the treatment of chronic pain seemed to be safer and to lead to less adverse events compared with morphine. However, it is an orphan drug and studies o","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1007/s00482-021-00531-y","pubmedId":"33507370","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1007/s00482-021-00531-y","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:41.169Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"f8f1617f-2139-47ae-936c-ca8a026a80fb","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Intrathecal Therapy for Chronic Pain: A Review of Morphine and Ziconotide as Firstline Options.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30137539/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Intrathecal Therapy for Chronic Pain: A Review of Morphine and Ziconotide as Firstline Options.\" Abstract excerpt: To evaluate the evidence for morphine and ziconotide as firstline intrathecal (IT) analgesia agents for patients with chronic pain. Medline was searched (through July 2017) for \"ziconotide\" or \"morphine\" AND \"intrathecal\" AND \"chronic pain,\" with results limited to studies in human populations. The literature supports the use of morphine (based primarily on noncontrolled, prospective, and retrospe","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1093/pm/pny132","pubmedId":"30137539","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1093/pm/pny132","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:41.243Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"0f9e0edb-fc25-4ea9-a23e-8b7bb9a36dc3","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Intrathecal therapy: what has changed with the introduction of ziconotide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19740270/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Intrathecal therapy: what has changed with the introduction of ziconotide.\" Abstract excerpt: Administering drugs into the intrathecal space is becoming more popular in the treatment of patients with intractable pain or intolerable side effects of systemic analgesic treatments. Although morphine and ziconotide are the only intrathecal analgesics currently approved by regulatory authorities in the U.S. (Food and Drug Administration) and Europe (national-level approval by individual countrie","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1111/j.1533-2500.2009.00308.x","pubmedId":"19740270","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1533-2500.2009.00308.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:41.319Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"cc77e893-5a7d-476c-858b-a348b1c0a2d3","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Long-Term Follow-Up (>11 Years) on Successful Pregnancies With Ziconotide Monotherapy for Arachnoiditis-Related Chronic Pain.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37548188/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Long-Term Follow-Up (>11 Years) on Successful Pregnancies With Ziconotide Monotherapy for Arachnoiditis-Related Chronic Pain.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.neurom.2022.05.008","pubmedId":"37548188","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.neurom.2022.05.008","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:41.390Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"7fbf760e-fec7-4799-b82c-f5d7b232a07f","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Adverse effects associated with the intrathecal administration of ziconotide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10692631/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Adverse effects associated with the intrathecal administration of ziconotide.\" Abstract excerpt: The omega-conopeptide, ziconotide, is an N-type calcium-channel blocker that has been shown to produce antinociception in animals using formalin and hot-plate tests. Initial reports of intrathecal administration of ziconotide in cancer and AIDS patients whose pain was unrelieved with opioids demonstrated analgesic efficacy. Although adverse effects were reported, these appeared to be easily manage","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00254-7","pubmedId":"10692631","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00254-7","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:41.463Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"6acc50b8-40df-4177-a3bd-f460960a9ea4","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Open-label, multicenter study of combined intrathecal morphine and ziconotide: addition of morphine in patients receiving ziconotide for severe chronic pain.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18366508/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Open-label, multicenter study of combined intrathecal morphine and ziconotide: addition of morphine in patients receiving ziconotide for severe chronic pain.\" Abstract excerpt: To assess the safety and efficacy of adding intrathecal morphine to intrathecal ziconotide in patients treated with stable ziconotide doses. Multicenter, open-label study with a 4-week morphine titration phase during which ziconotide was held constant and an extension phase during which dosing of either drug could vary. Outpatient clinics. Patients with suboptimal pain relief receiving stable zico","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1111/j.1526-4637.2007.00356.x","pubmedId":"18366508","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2007.00356.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:41.536Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"aff135a0-4892-4d7b-9c56-1bc2ccef368a","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Neurobehavioral protection by the neuronal calcium channel blocker ziconotide in a model of traumatic diffuse brain injury in rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11059664/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Neurobehavioral protection by the neuronal calcium channel blocker ziconotide in a model of traumatic diffuse brain injury in rats.\" Abstract excerpt: Abnormal accumulation of intracellular calcium following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is thought to contribute to a cascade of cellular events that lead to neuropathological conditions. Therefore, the possibility that specific calcium channel antagonists might exert neuroprotective effects in TBI has been of interest. The focus of this study was to examine whether Ziconotide produces such neuropro","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.3171/jns.2000.93.5.0821","pubmedId":"11059664","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3171/jns.2000.93.5.0821","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:41.687Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"6560639a-4be6-40dc-9103-87effe604e21","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of intrathecal ziconotide in adults with severe chronic pain.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16716870/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of intrathecal ziconotide in adults with severe chronic pain.\" Abstract excerpt: Safety and efficacy data from a study of slow intrathecal (IT) ziconotide titration for the management of severe chronic pain are presented. Patients randomized to ziconotide (n = 112) or placebo (n = 108) started IT infusion at 0.1 microg/hour (2.4 microg/day), increasing gradually (0.05-0.1 microg/hour increments) over 3 weeks. The ziconotide mean dose at termination was 0.29 microg/hour (6.96 m","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2005.10.003","pubmedId":"16716870","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2005.10.003","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:41.763Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"b2cba847-0dad-438b-b55d-d367b605aefb","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Do the potential benefits outweigh the risks? An update on the use of ziconotide in clinical practice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29635804/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Do the potential benefits outweigh the risks? An update on the use of ziconotide in clinical practice.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide is a selective and potent blocker of N-type voltage-gated calcium channels. It was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2004 and by the European Medicines Agency in 2005 for the treatment of severe chronic pain in patients needing intrathecal analgesia (ITA). The aim of this paper is to provide a practitioner-oriented, educational, narrative, up-to-date review on the use of z","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1002/ejp.1229","pubmedId":"29635804","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/ejp.1229","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:41.839Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"706d71a4-3e4a-46de-ab86-027a9c6fe936","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Structure of human Ca<sub>v</sub>2.2 channel blocked by the painkiller ziconotide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34234349/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Structure of human Ca<sub>v</sub>2.2 channel blocked by the painkiller ziconotide.\" Abstract excerpt: The neuronal-type (N-type) voltage-gated calcium (Ca v ) channels, which are designated Ca v 2.2, have an important role in the release of neurotransmitters 1-3 . Ziconotide is a Ca v 2.2-specific peptide pore blocker that has been clinically used for treating intractable pain 4-6 . Here we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of human Ca v 2.2 (comprising the core &#x3b1;1 and the ancillar","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1038/s41586-021-03699-6","pubmedId":"34234349","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: contextual_unclassified. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03699-6","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:41.911Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"06577bf9-3c56-4d29-befd-29bf1699fe7b","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Acute rhabdomyolysis in a patient with long-term exposure to intrathecal ziconotide: a case report.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25565390/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Acute rhabdomyolysis in a patient with long-term exposure to intrathecal ziconotide: a case report.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide is an intrathecally administered nonopioid analgesic for the treatment of severe chronic pain. Previous reports have noted rhabdomyolysis in patients receiving ziconotide during the initial single-shot trial or due to concurrent medical problems. We present a case of an acute rhabdomyolysis following an intrathecal bolus injection of ziconotide on a patient who had long-term exposure to","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1111/papr.12273","pubmedId":"25565390","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/papr.12273","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:42.063Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"cdf09857-156a-430b-a1ec-4dc6a76d7b7a","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Intracerebroventricular administration of N-type calcium channel blocker ziconotide displays anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, and sedative effects in rats: A preclinical and pilot study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32593873/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Intracerebroventricular administration of N-type calcium channel blocker ziconotide displays anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, and sedative effects in rats: A preclinical and pilot study.\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide (&#x3c9;-conotoxin MVIIA peptide) is a novel analgesic agent acting on voltage-gated calcium channels and is administered intrathecally for neuropathic pain. While antiepileptic activities of other types of calcium channel blockers (T- or L-type) are well established, there is no information regarding the effect of ziconotide as an N-type calcium channel antagonist in pentylenetetrazol-","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107251","pubmedId":"32593873","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107251","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:42.135Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"442b0667-38af-4405-86ba-41dae9531955","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Intracerebroventricular Pain Treatment with Analgesic Mixtures including Ziconotide for Intractable Pain.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27454282/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Intracerebroventricular Pain Treatment with Analgesic Mixtures including Ziconotide for Intractable Pain.\" Abstract excerpt: Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of opioids for control of intractable cancer pain has been used since 1982. We present here our experience of intracerebroventricular administration of pain treatments including ziconotide associated with morphine and ropivacaine for patients resistant to a conventional approach, with nociceptive, neuropathic, or mixed pain. These clinical cases were co","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"27454282","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:27454282","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:42.207Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"26820b81-bd07-4238-9fd1-68bcc571201c","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Phase II, open-label, multicenter study of combined intrathecal morphine and ziconotide: addition of ziconotide in patients receiving intrathecal morphine for severe chronic pain.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18366507/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Phase II, open-label, multicenter study of combined intrathecal morphine and ziconotide: addition of ziconotide in patients receiving intrathecal morphine for severe chronic pain.\" Abstract excerpt: To assess the safety and efficacy of adding intrathecal ziconotide to intrathecal morphine in patients being treated with a stable intrathecal morphine dose. Phase II, multicenter, open-label study with a 5-week titration phase and an extension phase. Outpatient clinics. Patients with suboptimal pain relief receiving stable intrathecal morphine doses (2-20 mg/day). Intrathecal morphine dosing rema","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1111/j.1526-4637.2007.00355.x","pubmedId":"18366507","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2007.00355.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:42.283Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"81864308-1d33-45f9-b42d-12e6b42f041f","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Psychiatric predisposition to autonomic and abnormal perception side-effects of ziconotide: a case series study.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21992243/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Psychiatric predisposition to autonomic and abnormal perception side-effects of ziconotide: a case series study.\" Abstract excerpt: &#x2002; Ziconotide is a reversible blocker of the N-type neuronal voltage-sensitive calcium channels with analgesic effects. The main adverse effects of ziconotide are ataxia, dizziness, gait disorder, confusion, hallucinations, and gastrointestinal symptoms. &#x2002; Eighteen chronic pain patients with intrathecal ziconotide treatment were investigated using the Mini International Neuropsychiatr","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1111/j.1525-1403.2011.00334.x","pubmedId":"21992243","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1525-1403.2011.00334.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:42.356Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"3c60821b-908b-4ce2-b7e4-870fd6001ea5","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Case report: successful treatment of a patient with trigeminal neuropathy using ziconotide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20142352/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Case report: successful treatment of a patient with trigeminal neuropathy using ziconotide.\" Abstract excerpt: A 50-year-old female patient with chronic neuropathic pain in the distribution of the second branch of the trigeminal nerve was unsuccessfully treated over several years. Intrathecal therapy with ziconotide was administered at an initial dose of 0.33 microg/d, which was gradually increased by 0.7 microg/d. Subjective pain on the numeric rating scale was reduced from 9/10 to 3-4/10 at a dose of 6.3","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1213/ane.0b013e3181cfc307","pubmedId":"20142352","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e3181cfc307","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:42.431Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"e5e32ecf-8a84-48b8-a972-dfc2562e2cb9","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Intrathecal Pharmacology Update: Novel Dosing Strategy for Intrathecal Monotherapy Ziconotide on Efficacy and Sustainability.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25708382/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Intrathecal Pharmacology Update: Novel Dosing Strategy for Intrathecal Monotherapy Ziconotide on Efficacy and Sustainability.\" Abstract excerpt: Intrathecal drug delivery is a well-defined strategy to treat malignant and nonmalignant pain. Ziconotide is a well-studied intrathecal medicine option that has many attractive qualities, as it is non-granulomagenic, overdose or underdose is not associated with cardiopulmonary compromise or death, and is a non-opoid analgesic. However, it has had slow adoption into pain care algorithms because it ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1111/ner.12274","pubmedId":"25708382","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/ner.12274","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:42.507Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"cb51b5e3-6c10-473b-895f-b9af1ef5d0d2","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"A Chemoenzymatic Approach To Produce a Cyclic Analogue of the Analgesic Drug MVIIA (Ziconotide).","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37148162/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"A Chemoenzymatic Approach To Produce a Cyclic Analogue of the Analgesic Drug MVIIA (Ziconotide).\" Abstract excerpt: Ziconotide (&#x3c9;-conotoxin MVIIA) is an approved analgesic for the treatment of chronic pain. However, the need for intrathecal administration and adverse effects have limited its widespread application. Backbone cyclization is one way to improve the pharmaceutical properties of conopeptides, but so far chemical synthesis alone has been unable to produce correctly folded and backbone cyclic ana","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1002/anie.202302812","pubmedId":"37148162","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1002/anie.202302812","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:42.583Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"1bea0789-d172-4582-8f2a-6673f9ec391c","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Antidepressant-like and memory-enhancing effects of the N-type calcium channel blocker ziconotide in rats.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32428635/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Antidepressant-like and memory-enhancing effects of the N-type calcium channel blocker ziconotide in rats.\" Abstract excerpt: The lack of oral or injectable formulations of ziconotide (&#x3c9;-conotoxin peptide), a novel analgesic agent, limits research on potential neurobehavioral protective properties of this substance, including antidepressant-like effects. Here we expose rats to a stress paradigm that induces depression and memory impairment to assess the effects of ziconotide treatment. Ziconotide was administered i","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112647","pubmedId":"32428635","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112647","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:42.659Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"c6dd5659-af79-4ce1-b9db-88b00f9b4e51","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Perioperative Management of a Patient With an Intrathecal Drug Delivery Device Infusing Ziconotide: A Case Report.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28195861/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Perioperative Management of a Patient With an Intrathecal Drug Delivery Device Infusing Ziconotide: A Case Report.\" Abstract excerpt: Intrathecal ziconotide is used for the treatment of chronic pain and is delivered by an implanted drug delivery device. Anesthesiologists should be familiar with the perioperative management of the pump as well as the potential adverse events related to continued ziconotide infusion during general anesthesia. A case is presented demonstrating the perioperative management of an intrathecal drug del","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1213/xaa.0000000000000432","pubmedId":"28195861","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1213/xaa.0000000000000432","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:42.731Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"bfd65729-937b-4060-b0be-9c7fac114981","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Short-Term Outcomes of a High-Volume, Low-Concentration Bolus Starting Dose Technique With Ziconotide: A Case Series.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34252245/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Short-Term Outcomes of a High-Volume, Low-Concentration Bolus Starting Dose Technique With Ziconotide: A Case Series.\" Abstract excerpt: There have been numerous recommendations for a starting dose of intrathecal ziconotide. The therapy remains underutilized partially due to reports of inefficacy and/or intolerance. This study describes short-term outcomes of a high-volume, low-concentration bolus (HVLC-B) ziconotide starting dose technique for patients with chronic spine pain. Intrathecal pumps are available with a Patient Therapy","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1111/ner.13475","pubmedId":"34252245","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/ner.13475","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:42.807Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"2aa20222-6874-47cb-9bb9-addb4e225144","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Rationale for Prospective Assays of Intrathecal Mixtures Including Morphine, Ropivacaine and Ziconotide: Prevention of Adverse Events and Feasibility in Clinical Practice.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26218938/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Rationale for Prospective Assays of Intrathecal Mixtures Including Morphine, Ropivacaine and Ziconotide: Prevention of Adverse Events and Feasibility in Clinical Practice.\" Abstract excerpt: Use of intrathecal admixtures is widespread, but compounding these is sometimes challenging and may result in errors and complications causing super-potency or sub potency adverse events in patients or malfunctions in the pump itself. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of compounding of intrathecal admixtures through a prospective, systematic quantitative analysis of each compon","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.36076/ppj.2015/18/349","pubmedId":"26218938","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.36076/ppj.2015/18/349","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:42.886Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"71438a5f-26a2-421f-8ff9-9cd7374b44df","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Does pain relief influence recovery of consciousness? A case report of a patient treated with ziconotide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25491316/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Does pain relief influence recovery of consciousness? A case report of a patient treated with ziconotide.\" Abstract excerpt: For people with cervical spinal cord injury (SCI), access to computers can be difficult, thus several devices have been developed to facilitate their Disorders of consciousness (DOC) are difficult to classify. The degree of consciousness varies from coma to vegetative state or unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) and minimally conscious state. Correct diagnosis has important ethical and legal i","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"25491316","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"pmid:25491316","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:42.959Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"286cae10-58b5-4f2d-828c-f0fbfd1ea9da","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"The Relationship Between the Mechanisms of Action and Safety Profiles of Intrathecal Morphine and Ziconotide: A Review of the Literature.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25645109/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"The Relationship Between the Mechanisms of Action and Safety Profiles of Intrathecal Morphine and Ziconotide: A Review of the Literature.\" Abstract excerpt: To better characterize safety profiles associated with the intrathecal (IT) administration of morphine and ziconotide and discuss how they relate to mechanisms of action. Published data were evaluated to identify potential relationships between safety profiles of IT morphine and IT ziconotide and their mechanisms of action. Potentially severe and clinically relevant adverse events (AEs) associated","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1111/pme.12666","pubmedId":"25645109","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/pme.12666","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:43.030Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"58574e5a-98b7-4c9a-bc20-5823ac1cb50a","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"The neuroprotective effects of intrathecal administration of the selective N-type calcium channel blocker ziconotide in a rat model of spinal ischemia.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10436454/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"The neuroprotective effects of intrathecal administration of the selective N-type calcium channel blocker ziconotide in a rat model of spinal ischemia.\" Abstract excerpt: Spinal cord ischemia and resulting paraplegia represent a major complication associated with surgical repair of the thoracoabdominal aorta. Although the mechanism of spinal neuronal degeneration during ischemia is unclear, it may involve excessive calcium influx via N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCCs). The neuroprotective capacity of intrathecal (IT) administration of the selective N","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1999,"doi":"10.1016/s0741-5214(99)70145-x","pubmedId":"10436454","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/s0741-5214(99)70145-x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:43.107Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"c7dbbeff-4119-4e15-99e3-01af2f88bbaa","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"CNSB004 (Leconotide) causes antihyperalgesia without side effects when given intravenously: a comparison with ziconotide in a rat model of diabetic neuropathic pain.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20002322/","evidenceTier":"animal","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"CNSB004 (Leconotide) causes antihyperalgesia without side effects when given intravenously: a comparison with ziconotide in a rat model of diabetic neuropathic pain.\" Abstract excerpt: Leconotide is an omega-conotoxin that blocks neuronal voltage sensitive calcium channels. This study compared the antihyperalgesic potencies of leconotide and ziconotide given intravenously alone and in combinations with a potassium channel modulator flupirtine, given intraperitoneally, in a rat model of diabetic neuropathic pain. Rats were given streptozotocin (150 mg/kg ip) to induce diabetic ne","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1111/j.1526-4637.2009.00741.x","pubmedId":"20002322","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: preclinical_animal. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2009.00741.x","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:43.184Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"b20e3769-38f1-4b3f-9cd9-29ba807103a8","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Aseptic arachnoiditis in a patient treated with intrathecal morphine infusion: symptom resolution on switch to ziconotide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24945709/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Aseptic arachnoiditis in a patient treated with intrathecal morphine infusion: symptom resolution on switch to ziconotide.\" Abstract excerpt: Since 1980, about 95,000 intrathecal (IT) drug delivery pumps have been implanted for the administration of a variety of opioid and non-opioid agents for neuropathic and nociceptive pain patients. IT granuloma in chronic opioid infusion is becoming less rare as an adverse effect of IT therapy and has been associated with many analgesic infusion agents. After thymectomy, upper left lobectomy, and p","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1111/ner.12201","pubmedId":"24945709","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1111/ner.12201","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:43.259Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"099c10dd-94e4-4888-a954-7bbf56a94666","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"An effective treatment of severe complex regional pain syndrome type 1 in a child using high doses of intrathecal ziconotide.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17157748/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"An effective treatment of severe complex regional pain syndrome type 1 in a child using high doses of intrathecal ziconotide.\" (identity confirmed; no abstract text available to excerpt.)","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2006.08.002","pubmedId":"17157748","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2006.08.002","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:43.332Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"6d30abe3-bb48-4c60-80cb-1a0924cb6e60","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Successful reduction of neuropathic pain associated with spinal cord injury via of a combination of intrathecal hydromorphone and ziconotide: a case report.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17310258/","evidenceTier":"observational","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Successful reduction of neuropathic pain associated with spinal cord injury via of a combination of intrathecal hydromorphone and ziconotide: a case report.\" Abstract excerpt: Case report. To report a novel management strategy for neuropathic pain management after spinal cord injury. Outpatient spinal cord injury (SCI) clinic. The patient demonstrated two neuropathic pain syndromes, namely at- and below-level pain. These syndromes were recalcitrant to conservative measures and a decision was made to proceed with intrathecal therapies. The patient's at-level pain was res","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1038/sj.sc.3102027","pubmedId":"17310258","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_observational. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3102027","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:43.409Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"},{"id":"91bff527-f729-4126-94b9-1cea5858629d","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","title":"Improvement in mitochondrial dysfunction as a new surrogate efficiency measure for preclinical trials: dose-response and time-window profiles for administration of the calcium channel blocker Ziconotide in experimental brain injury.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11059665/","evidenceTier":"insufficient","summary":"Content-verified record concerning Ziconotide: \"Improvement in mitochondrial dysfunction as a new surrogate efficiency measure for preclinical trials: dose-response and time-window profiles for administration of the calcium channel blocker Ziconotide in experimental brain injury.\" Abstract excerpt: Determining the efficacy of a drug used in experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) requires the use of one or more outcome measures such as decreased mortality or fewer neurological and neuropsychological deficits. Unfortunately, outcomes in these test batteries have a fairly large variability, requiring relatively large sample sizes, and administration of the tests themselves is also very time ","authors":null,"publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.3171/jns.2000.93.5.0829","pubmedId":"11059665","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":null,"editorialNotes":"Category: primary research record. Verified by content, not title or identifier alone: pubmed_curated_indexing_confirms_subject (matched: \"ziconotide\"). Imported evidence lane: human_interventional. Source provider: Europe PMC. Content-verified for the 13-profile directory completion effort (2026-09) using free NCBI PubMed E-utilities; no paid API used.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":null,"supportNature":null,"qualification":null,"verificationStatus":"verified","publicationStatus":"published","addedById":null,"machineActor":"wpf-directory-completion-content-verified-2026-09","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","canonicalSourceIdentity":"doi:10.3171/jns.2000.93.5.0829","sourceIdentityId":null,"sourceStatus":"active","sourceContentHash":null,"sourceVersion":1,"retrievedAt":null,"retrievalProvider":null,"retrievalPayloadRef":null,"evidenceLane":null,"extractionPayload":null,"provenancePayload":null,"validationGates":null,"engineState":"manual","engineRunId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T22:44:43.483Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.900Z"}],"regulatoryStatuses":[{"id":"a9667ef7-173b-45fd-b8ea-944a9678a318","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","jurisdiction":"European Union — EMA","status":"approved","approvedIndication":"Ziconotide (Prialt) is indicated for the treatment of severe, chronic pain in patients who require intrathecal (IT) analgesia.","rationale":"EMA medicine overview documents EU authorization for Prialt (ziconotide); scope is the defined product and route, not other conotoxins.","sourceTitle":"European Medicines Agency: Prialt (ziconotide)","sourceUrl":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/prialt","dateChecked":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewDueAt":null,"enteredById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","publicationStatus":"published","factualObservationId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:14:44.014Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.991Z"},{"id":"f797e8d2-c205-4ac8-94c4-f6c27022e863","peptideId":"77e7f084-ecec-4e9e-a0b0-b22787f09344","jurisdiction":"United States — FDA","status":"approved","approvedIndication":"PRIALT (ziconotide intrathecal infusion) is indicated for the management of severe chronic pain in patients for whom intrathecal (IT) therapy is warranted, and who are intolerant of or refractory to other treatment, such as systemic analgesics, adjunctive therapies, or IT morphine. Labeled pediatric use: safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.","rationale":"FDA labeling documents approval of PRIALT (ziconotide intrathecal infusion) for the defined severe chronic pain setting; the dated label is not represented as current instructions.","sourceTitle":"FDA PRIALT (ziconotide) prescribing information","sourceUrl":"https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/021060s003lbl.pdf","dateChecked":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","reviewDueAt":null,"enteredById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","reviewedById":"0bf5b853-ea8b-4aa3-bffe-2af0fdd75150","publicationStatus":"published","factualObservationId":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-23T02:15:36.425Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-23T23:29:27.991Z"}]}]}