{"generatedAt":"2026-11-08T17:24:42.348Z","count":3835,"filters":{"year":null},"evidence":[{"title":"MnO(2)-melittin nanoparticles serve as an effective anti-tumor immunotherapy by enhancing systemic immune response.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121706","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Melittin","slug":"melittin"}},{"title":"Molecular interaction of α-conotoxin RgIA with the rat α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1124/mol.114.096511","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Alpha-conotoxin RgIA","slug":"alpha-conotoxin-rgia"}},{"title":"Cyanine 5-huwentoxin-IV as a novel imaging probe to detect hNa(v)1.7 channel overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.bcp.2025.117203","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Huwentoxin-IV","slug":"huwentoxin-iv"}},{"title":"Analysis of the structural and molecular basis of voltage-sensitive sodium channel inhibition by the spider toxin huwentoxin-IV (μ-TRTX-Hh2a).","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1074/jbc.m113.461392","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Huwentoxin-IV","slug":"huwentoxin-iv"}},{"title":"Potency optimization of Huwentoxin-IV on hNav1.7: a neurotoxin TTX-S sodium-channel antagonist from the venom of the Chinese bird-eating spider Selenocosmia huwena.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2013.03.011","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Huwentoxin-IV","slug":"huwentoxin-iv"}},{"title":"ω-Grammotoxin-SIA inhibits voltage-gated Na+ channel currents.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1085/jgp.202413563","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Grammotoxin SIA","slug":"grammotoxin-sia"}},{"title":"Cationic antimicrobial peptides in clinical development, with special focus on thanatin and heliomicin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s10096-011-1430-8","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Thanatin","slug":"thanatin"}},{"title":"The synergy of thanatin and cathelicidin-BF-15a3 combats Escherichia coli O157:H7.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.110018","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Thanatin","slug":"thanatin"}},{"title":"Thanatin activity on multidrug resistant clinical isolates of Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0924-8579(03)00201-2","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Thanatin","slug":"thanatin"}},{"title":"Antimicrobial Peptide Arenicin-1 Derivative Ar-1-(C/A) as Complement System Modulator.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/md18120631","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Arenicin-1","slug":"arenicin-1"}},{"title":"[D-Ala2]deltorphin I binding and pharmacological evidence for a special subtype of delta opioid receptor on human and invertebrate immune cells.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1073/pnas.89.19.9316","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Deltorphin I","slug":"deltorphin-i"}},{"title":"[D-Ala2]-Deltorphin I peptoid and retropeptoid analogues: synthesis, biological activity and conformational investigations.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/psc.566","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Deltorphin I","slug":"deltorphin-i"}},{"title":"Postnatal development of [D-Ala2]deltorphin-I-like immunoreactive structures in the rat brain.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/cne.903490206","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Deltorphin I","slug":"deltorphin-i"}},{"title":"Dermenkephalin and deltorphin I reveal similarities within ligand-binding domains of mu- and delta-opioid receptors and an additional address subsite on the delta-receptor.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0006-291x(91)91693-7","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Deltorphin I","slug":"deltorphin-i"}},{"title":"Grammotoxin increases its toxic behavior.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1085/jgp.202413665","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Grammotoxin SIA","slug":"grammotoxin-sia"}},{"title":"Voltage-dependent inhibition of N- and P-type calcium channels by the peptide toxin omega-grammotoxin-SIA.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1124/mol.52.6.1095","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Grammotoxin SIA","slug":"grammotoxin-sia"}},{"title":"Solution structure of omega-grammotoxin SIA, a gating modifier of P/Q and N-type Ca(2+) channel.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0022-2836(02)00595-8","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Grammotoxin SIA","slug":"grammotoxin-sia"}},{"title":"Psalmotoxin-1 docking to human acid-sensing ion channel-1.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1074/jbc.m109.003913","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Psalmotoxin-1","slug":"psalmotoxin-1"}},{"title":"d-Amino Acid Substitution of α-Conotoxin RgIA Identifies its Critical Residues and Improves the Enzymatic Stability.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/md17030142","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Alpha-conotoxin RgIA","slug":"alpha-conotoxin-rgia"}},{"title":"The α9α10 nicotinic receptor antagonist α-conotoxin RgIA prevents neuropathic pain induced by oxaliplatin treatment.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.04.022","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Alpha-conotoxin RgIA","slug":"alpha-conotoxin-rgia"}},{"title":"Scyllatoxin-based peptide design for E. coli expression and HIV gp120 binding.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150310","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Scyllatoxin","slug":"scyllatoxin"}},{"title":"Synthesis and Biological Activity of Scyllatoxin-Based BH3 Domain Mimetics Containing Two Disulfide Linkages.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s10930-018-9791-9","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Scyllatoxin","slug":"scyllatoxin"}},{"title":"The antimicrobial peptide arenicin-1 promotes generation of reactive oxygen species and induction of apoptosis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.08.011","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Arenicin-1","slug":"arenicin-1"}},{"title":"Solution structures and biological functions of the antimicrobial peptide, arenicin-1, and its linear derivative.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/bip.20700","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Arenicin-1","slug":"arenicin-1"}},{"title":"Bioengineering and functional characterization of arenicin shortened analogs with enhanced antibacterial activity and cell selectivity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/psc.2843","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Arenicin-1","slug":"arenicin-1"}},{"title":"Comprehensive characterization of bremelanotide acetate and its degradants by LC-HRMS/MS and predicting epimerization through computational modelling.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1039/d6ay01098a","pubmedId":"42485063","peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"The conotoxin Contulakin-G reverses hypersensitivity observed in rodent models of cancer-induced bone pain without inducing tolerance or motor disturbance.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003391","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Contulakin-G","slug":"contulakin-g"}},{"title":"Contulakin-G, an O-glycosylated invertebrate neurotensin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1074/jbc.274.20.13752","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Contulakin-G","slug":"contulakin-g"}},{"title":"The pharmacokinetics of the conopeptide contulakin-G (CGX-1160) after intrathecal administration: an analysis of data from studies in beagles.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1213/01.ane.0000262038.58546.e6","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Contulakin-G","slug":"contulakin-g"}},{"title":"Conotoxin contulakin-G engages a neurotensin receptor 2/R-type calcium channel (Cav2.3) pathway to mediate spinal antinociception.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002561","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Contulakin-G","slug":"contulakin-g"}},{"title":"Cation selectivity and inhibition of malignant glioma Na+ channels by Psalmotoxin 1.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1152/ajpcell.00077.2004","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Psalmotoxin-1","slug":"psalmotoxin-1"}},{"title":"Structure of the acid-sensing ion channel 1 in complex with the gating modifier Psalmotoxin 1.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/ncomms1917","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Psalmotoxin-1","slug":"psalmotoxin-1"}},{"title":"Neuroprotective effect of acid-sensing ion channel inhibitor psalmotoxin-1 after hypoxia-ischemia in newborn piglet striatum.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.nbd.2011.04.018","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Psalmotoxin-1","slug":"psalmotoxin-1"}},{"title":"Aprotinin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1177/106002809603000410","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Aprotinin","slug":"aprotinin"}},{"title":"An apamin- and scyllatoxin-insensitive isoform of the human SK3 channel.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1124/mol.65.3.788","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Scyllatoxin","slug":"scyllatoxin"}},{"title":"Role of single disulfide linkages in the folding and activity of scyllatoxin-based BH3 domain mimetics.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/psc.2999","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Scyllatoxin","slug":"scyllatoxin"}},{"title":"ProTx-I and ProTx-II: gating modifiers of voltage-gated sodium channels.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.09.014","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"ProTx-II","slug":"protx-ii"}},{"title":"The β3-subunit modulates the effect of venom peptides ProTx-II and OD1 on Na(V) 1.7 gating.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/jcp.31018","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"ProTx-II","slug":"protx-ii"}},{"title":"Binding of hanatoxin to the voltage sensor of Kv2.1.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/toxins4121552","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Hanatoxin-1","slug":"hanatoxin-1"}},{"title":"The Kv2.2 alpha subunit contributes to delayed rectifier K(+) currents in myocytes from rabbit corpus cavernosum.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/j.1939-4640.2002.tb02348.x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Hanatoxin-1","slug":"hanatoxin-1"}},{"title":"The D-diastereomer of ShK toxin selectively blocks voltage-gated K+ channels and inhibits T lymphocyte proliferation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1074/jbc.m706008200","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"ShK toxin","slug":"shk-toxin"}},{"title":"Native chemical ligation at Asx-Cys, Glx-Cys: chemical synthesis and high-resolution X-ray structure of ShK toxin by racemic protein crystallography.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1021/ja4046795","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"ShK toxin","slug":"shk-toxin"}},{"title":"Should Bremelanotide Be Considered for the Treatment of Sexual Arousal and Desire Disorders in Men?","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1097/jcp.0000000000002179","pubmedId":"41960633","peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"TIRZEPATIDE, ELAMIPRETIDE (SS-31), TESAMORELIN AND BREMELANOTIDE: MECHANISTIC FOUNDATIONS, CLINICAL EVIDENCE AND THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS IN METABOLIC, MITOCHONDRIAL AND NEUROENDOCRINE CONTEXTS","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.65671/g269y606","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"(060) Comparison of Prescribing and Google Trends Between Bremelanotide (Vyleesi®) and Flibanserin (Addyi®) for Female Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1093/jsxmed/qdag063.057","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"(122) POSITIVE EFFECTS OF BREMELANOTIDE ON FEMALE SEXUAL AROUSAL AND ORGASM IN PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH HSDD: FSFI DATA FROM THE RECONNECT TRIALS","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf068.108","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"A special article following the relicence of aprotinin injection in Europe.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.accpm.2017.02.001","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Aprotinin","slug":"aprotinin"}},{"title":"A randomized trial of aprotinin-free fibrin sealant versus absorbable hemostat.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1177/1076029611404212","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Aprotinin","slug":"aprotinin"}},{"title":"Aprotinin and nafamostat mesilate in liver surgery: effect on blood loss.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1159/000103659","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Aprotinin","slug":"aprotinin"}},{"title":"Novel antimicrobial peptides based on Protegrin-1: In silico and in vitro assessments.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106931","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Protegrin-1","slug":"protegrin-1"}},{"title":"Nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor ligands.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0196-9781(00)00230-8","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Nociceptin","slug":"nociceptin"}},{"title":"Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ and Urinary Bladder.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/164_2018_182","pubmedId":"30430260","peptide":{"commonName":"Nociceptin","slug":"nociceptin"}},{"title":"Nociceptin Receptor-Related Agonists as Safe and Non-addictive Analgesics.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s40265-023-01878-5","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Nociceptin","slug":"nociceptin"}},{"title":"Gastrin, inflammation, and carcinogenesis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1097/med.0b013e328333faf8","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Gastrin","slug":"gastrin"}},{"title":"Function of non-visual arrestins in signaling and endocytosis of the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRP receptor).","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.bcp.2007.11.022","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Gastrin-releasing peptide","slug":"gastrin-releasing-peptide"}},{"title":"Gastrin-releasing peptide and cancer.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbcan.2006.01.003","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Gastrin-releasing peptide","slug":"gastrin-releasing-peptide"}},{"title":"Neuropeptide Y neurons mediate opioid-induced itch by disinhibiting GRP-GRPR microcircuits in the spinal cord.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-62382-w","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Gastrin-releasing peptide","slug":"gastrin-releasing-peptide"}},{"title":"Insights into bombesin receptors and ligands: Highlighting recent advances.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2015.04.026","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bombesin","slug":"bombesin"}},{"title":"Bombesin related peptides/receptors and their promising therapeutic roles in cancer imaging, targeting and treatment.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1517/14728222.2016.1164694","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bombesin","slug":"bombesin"}},{"title":"Development and function of bombesin-like peptides and their receptors.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1387/ijdb.041954ho","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bombesin","slug":"bombesin"}},{"title":"Bombesin-induced gastroprotection.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1097/01.sla.0000151790.14274.5d","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bombesin","slug":"bombesin"}},{"title":"C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP): The cardiovascular system and beyond.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108708","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"C-type natriuretic peptide","slug":"c-type-natriuretic-peptide"}},{"title":"Atrial natriuretic peptide in cardiovascular biology and disease (NPPA).","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.gene.2015.06.029","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Atrial natriuretic peptide","slug":"atrial-natriuretic-peptide"}},{"title":"Differential Regulation of ANP and BNP in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: Deficiency of ANP.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.jchf.2019.05.012","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Atrial natriuretic peptide","slug":"atrial-natriuretic-peptide"}},{"title":"Nociceptive sensitization by endothelin-1.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.12.008","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Endothelin-1","slug":"endothelin-1"}},{"title":"Inhibition of ENaC by endothelin-1.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2015.01.001","pubmedId":"25817869","peptide":{"commonName":"Endothelin-1","slug":"endothelin-1"}},{"title":"Role of endothelin-1 in hypertension.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s11906-003-0071-4","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Endothelin-1","slug":"endothelin-1"}},{"title":"Orexin-A alleviates astrocytic apoptosis and inflammation via inhibiting OX1R-mediated NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166230","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Orexin A","slug":"orexin-a"}},{"title":"Soporific effect of modified Suanzaoren Decoction on mice models of insomnia by regulating Orexin-A and HPA axis homeostasis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112141","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Orexin A","slug":"orexin-a"}},{"title":"Hypocretin/Orexin Receptor Pharmacology and Sleep Phases.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1159/000514963","pubmedId":"34052813","peptide":{"commonName":"Orexin A","slug":"orexin-a"}},{"title":"Hypocretin/Orexin Receptor Pharmacology and Sleep Phases.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1159/000514963","pubmedId":"34052813","peptide":{"commonName":"Orexin B","slug":"orexin-b"}},{"title":"Orexin/Hypocretin Signaling.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/7854_2016_49","pubmedId":"27909990","peptide":{"commonName":"Orexin B","slug":"orexin-b"}},{"title":"A rapidly acting glutamatergic ARC→PVH satiety circuit postsynaptically regulated by α-MSH.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/nn.4442","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone","slug":"alpha-msh"}},{"title":"Corticotropin-releasing hormone: clinical applications.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1146/annurev.me.40.020189.001555","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Adrenocorticotropic hormone","slug":"acth"}},{"title":"Corticotropin releasing hormone increases apparent potency of adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation of cortisol secretion.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1054/mehy.2001.1384","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Adrenocorticotropic hormone","slug":"acth"}},{"title":"Corticotropin-releasing hormone signaling from piriform cortex to amygdala mediates social homophily in opioid addiction.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.neuron.2025.08.012","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Corticotropin-releasing hormone","slug":"crh"}},{"title":"Protirelin (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The role of androgens.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1001/archneur.1989.00520390096025","pubmedId":"2563937","peptide":{"commonName":"Thyrotropin-releasing hormone","slug":"trh"}},{"title":"Thyrotropin-releasing hormone analogs.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2174/138955706775476019","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Thyrotropin-releasing hormone","slug":"trh"}},{"title":"[Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)].","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/b0-12-341103-3/00289-8","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Thyrotropin-releasing hormone","slug":"trh"}},{"title":"Naming progastrin-derived peptides.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.regpep.2004.03.006","pubmedId":"15177936","peptide":{"commonName":"Gastrin-34","slug":"gastrin-34"}},{"title":"H3.3-G34 mutations impair DNA repair and promote cGAS/STING-mediated immune responses in pediatric high-grade glioma models.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1172/jci154229","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Gastrin-34","slug":"gastrin-34"}},{"title":"Paediatric-type diffuse high-grade gliomas in the 5th CNS WHO Classification.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.32074/1591-951x-830","pubmedId":"36534421","peptide":{"commonName":"Gastrin-34","slug":"gastrin-34"}},{"title":"C-peptide and diabetic encephalopathy.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s1001-9294(11)60031-x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"C-peptide","slug":"c-peptide"}},{"title":"The role of pancreatic polypeptide in pancreatic diseases.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.17219/acem/65094","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pancreatic polypeptide","slug":"pancreatic-polypeptide"}},{"title":"Pancreatic polypeptide (PP).","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/978-1-4684-7248-6_20","pubmedId":"717159","peptide":{"commonName":"Pancreatic polypeptide","slug":"pancreatic-polypeptide"}},{"title":"Pancreatic polypeptide-related tumors.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0196-9781(01)00606-4","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pancreatic polypeptide","slug":"pancreatic-polypeptide"}},{"title":"A role for pancreatic polypeptide in feeding and body weight regulation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2006.09.024","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pancreatic polypeptide","slug":"pancreatic-polypeptide"}},{"title":"Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is a hypothalamic regulator of energy homeostasis and reproduction.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2010.06.001","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Galanin-like peptide","slug":"galanin-like-peptide"}},{"title":"Galanin/GALP receptors and CNS homeostatic processes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2174/187152706777452281","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Galanin-like peptide","slug":"galanin-like-peptide"}},{"title":"Leptin and its receptors.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.jchemneu.2014.09.002","pubmedId":"25218975","peptide":{"commonName":"Galanin-like peptide","slug":"galanin-like-peptide"}},{"title":"The neuropeptide neuromedin U stimulates innate lymphoid cells and type 2 inflammation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/nature23676","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Neuromedin U","slug":"neuromedin-u"}},{"title":"The neuropeptide NMU amplifies ILC2-driven allergic lung inflammation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/nature24029","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Neuromedin U","slug":"neuromedin-u"}},{"title":"Neuromedin S: discovery and functions.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/400_2007_054","pubmedId":"18214396","peptide":{"commonName":"Neuromedin S","slug":"neuromedin-s"}},{"title":"Cell-free synthesis of the hirudin variant 1 of the blood-sucking leech Hirudo medicinalis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-020-76715-w","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Hirudin variant 1","slug":"hirudin-variant-1"}},{"title":"The Arg-Phe-amide peptide 26RFa/glutamine RF-amide peptide and its receptor: IUPHAR Review 24.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/bph.13907","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"QRFP","slug":"qrFP"}},{"title":"Molecular evolution of GPCRs: 26Rfa/GPR103.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1530/jme-13-0207","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"QRFP","slug":"qrFP"}},{"title":"The 26RFa (QRFP)/GPR103 Neuropeptidergic System: A Key Regulator of Energy and Glucose Metabolism.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1159/000538629","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"QRFP","slug":"qrFP"}},{"title":"The RFamide neuropeptide 26RFa and its role in the control of neuroendocrine functions.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2011.04.001","pubmedId":"21530572","peptide":{"commonName":"QRFP","slug":"qrFP"}},{"title":"Protegrin-1 and Analogues Against Acinetobacter baumannii: A Narrative Review.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/ph18030289","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Protegrin-1","slug":"protegrin-1"}},{"title":"A cluster of neuropeptide S neurons regulates breathing and arousal.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2023.11.018","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Neuropeptide S","slug":"neuropeptide-s"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of benralizumab in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2021.08.030","pubmedId":"34599979","peptide":{"commonName":"Neuropeptide S","slug":"neuropeptide-s"}},{"title":"Neuropeptide FF, pain and analgesia.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0014-2999(97)01604-x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Neuropeptide FF","slug":"neuropeptide-ff"}},{"title":"Modulatory role of neuropeptide FF system in nociception and opiate analgesia.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2007.06.004","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Neuropeptide FF","slug":"neuropeptide-ff"}},{"title":"Cysteine deleted protegrin-1 (CDP-1): anti-bacterial activity, outer-membrane disruption and selectivity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.06.018","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Protegrin-1","slug":"protegrin-1"}},{"title":"Modulatory role of neuropeptide FF system in nociception and opiate analgesia.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2007.06.004","pubmedId":"17854890","peptide":{"commonName":"Neuropeptide AF","slug":"neuropeptide-af"}},{"title":"Neuropeptide FF, pain and analgesia.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0014-2999(97)01604-x","pubmedId":"9593588","peptide":{"commonName":"Neuropeptide AF","slug":"neuropeptide-af"}},{"title":"Neuropeptide FF and modulation of pain.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0006-8993(99)02044-2","pubmedId":"10612711","peptide":{"commonName":"Neuropeptide AF","slug":"neuropeptide-af"}},{"title":"Neuropeptide AF induces anxiety-like and antidepressant-like behavior in mice.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2014.08.007","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Neuropeptide AF","slug":"neuropeptide-af"}},{"title":"Phoenixin: A Newly Discovered Peptide with Multi-Functions.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2174/0929866524666170207154417","pubmedId":"28176660","peptide":{"commonName":"Phoenixin-14","slug":"phoenixin-14"}},{"title":"Phoenixin: a novel brain-gut-skin peptide with multiple bioactivity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/aps.2017.195","pubmedId":"29542680","peptide":{"commonName":"Phoenixin-14","slug":"phoenixin-14"}},{"title":"Phoenixin: a novel brain-gut-skin peptide with multiple bioactivity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/aps.2017.195","pubmedId":"29542680","peptide":{"commonName":"Phoenixin-20","slug":"phoenixin-20"}},{"title":"Phoenixin: A Newly Discovered Peptide with Multi-Functions.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2174/0929866524666170207154417","pubmedId":"28176660","peptide":{"commonName":"Phoenixin-20","slug":"phoenixin-20"}},{"title":"Spexin Hormone Signaling and Atrial Fibrillation: The Knowns and Unknowns.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1161/circulationaha.124.070016","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Spexin","slug":"spexin"}},{"title":"Biodiversity of NPQ.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2014.03.004","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Spexin","slug":"spexin"}},{"title":"Emerging Roles of NPQ/Spexin in Physiology and Pathology.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3389/fphar.2019.00457","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Spexin","slug":"spexin"}},{"title":"Urocortin 2 Gene Transfer Improves Heart Function in Aged Mice.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.10.003","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Urocortin 2","slug":"urocortin-2"}},{"title":"Beyond the androgen receptor: the role of growth hormone secretagogues in the modern management of body composition in hypogonadal males.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.21037/tau.2019.11.30","pubmedId":"32257855","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-2","slug":"ghrp-2"}},{"title":"Growth hormone in obesity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/sj.ijo.0800807","pubmedId":"10193871","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-6","slug":"ghrp-6"}},{"title":"Implications of ghrelin and hexarelin in diabetes and diabetes-associated heart diseases.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s12020-015-0531-z","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Hexarelin","slug":"hexarelin"}},{"title":"Growth hormone-releasing peptides.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1530/eje.0.1360445","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Hexarelin","slug":"hexarelin"}},{"title":"Effectiveness of the GnRH agonist Deslorelin as a tool to decrease levels of circulating testosterone in zebra finches.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.09.014","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Deslorelin","slug":"deslorelin"}},{"title":"Pulmonary delivery of deslorelin: large-porous PLGA particles and HPbetaCD complexes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1023/b:pham.0000032997.96823.88","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Deslorelin","slug":"deslorelin"}},{"title":"Influence of GnRH analogue (fertirelin acetate) doses on synchronization of ovulation and fixed-time artificial insemination in lactating dairy cows.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0378-4320(02)00161-6","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Fertirelin","slug":"fertirelin"}},{"title":"Effect of fertirelin acetate or buserelin on conception rate at first or second insemination in lactating dairy cows.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(90)78714-0","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Fertirelin","slug":"fertirelin"}},{"title":"Intravaginal GnRH analogues in rabbits: Fertirelin as the most effective option for ovulation induction.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2026.117990","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Fertirelin","slug":"fertirelin"}},{"title":"Effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist on human chorionic gonadotropin activity in granulosa cells of immature female rats.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1262/jrd.2017-142","pubmedId":"29249775","peptide":{"commonName":"Fertirelin","slug":"fertirelin"}},{"title":"Hypotensive peptides: bradykinin, kallidin, and eledoisin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s1054-3589(08)60097-6","pubmedId":"5333768","peptide":{"commonName":"Eledoisin","slug":"eledoisin"}},{"title":"The ontogeny of the antidipsogenic effect of eledoisin and physalaemin in the rat.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0195-6663(87)80012-0","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Eledoisin","slug":"eledoisin"}},{"title":"Suppression of drinking but not feeding by central eledoisin and physalaemin in the rat.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0195-6663(86)80042-3","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Eledoisin","slug":"eledoisin"}},{"title":"Eledoisin and lacrimal secretion in the rabbit.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3109/02713689009044523","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Eledoisin","slug":"eledoisin"}},{"title":"Neurokinin A. A pharmacological study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/1043-6618(90)90738-y","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Neurokinin A","slug":"neurokinin-a"}},{"title":"Modulation of body temperature and LH secretion by hypothalamic KNDy (kisspeptin, neurokinin B and dynorphin) neurons: a novel hypothesis on the mechanism of hot flushes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.07.003","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Neurokinin B","slug":"neurokinin-b"}},{"title":"Repurposing Antimicrobial Protegrin-1 as a Dual-Function Amyloid Inhibitor via Cross-seeding.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00293","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Protegrin-1","slug":"protegrin-1"}},{"title":"Erythropoietin Regulation by Angiotensin II.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2017.02.001","pubmedId":"28629525","peptide":{"commonName":"Angiotensin I","slug":"angiotensin-i"}},{"title":"Measurement of Angiotensin Peptides: HPLC-RIA.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/978-1-4939-6625-7_7","pubmedId":"28116709","peptide":{"commonName":"Angiotensin I","slug":"angiotensin-i"}},{"title":"Periodontopathogens degrade angiotensin I from the human renin-angiotensin system through surface-attached proteases.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-27891-0","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Angiotensin I","slug":"angiotensin-i"}},{"title":"Angiotensin-(1-7).","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.01274","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Angiotensin-(1-7)","slug":"angiotensin-1-7"}},{"title":"Angiotensin-(1-7): an update.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0167-0115(00)00138-5","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Angiotensin-(1-7)","slug":"angiotensin-1-7"}},{"title":"Angiotensin-(1-7) as a strategy in the treatment of hypertension?","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1097/mnh.0000000000000050","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Angiotensin-(1-7)","slug":"angiotensin-1-7"}},{"title":"Angiotensin-(1-7): an update.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0167-0115(00)00138-5","pubmedId":"10967201","peptide":{"commonName":"Angiotensin III","slug":"angiotensin-iii"}},{"title":"Angiotensin II and vascular injury.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s11906-014-0431-2","pubmedId":"24760441","peptide":{"commonName":"Angiotensin III","slug":"angiotensin-iii"}},{"title":"Angiotensin-(1-7) and Alamandine on Experimental Models of Hypertension and Atherosclerosis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s11906-018-0798-6","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Alamandine","slug":"alamandine"}},{"title":"Alamandine Rescues Cognitive Impairment and Ameliorates Alzheimer's Disease-Like Neuropathology in APP/PS1 Mice.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s11064-025-04531-7","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Alamandine","slug":"alamandine"}},{"title":"Neuroprotective Roles of Apelin-13 in Neurological Diseases.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s11064-023-03869-0","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Apelin-13","slug":"apelin-13"}},{"title":"Apelin, diabetes, and obesity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s12020-011-9507-9","pubmedId":"21725702","peptide":{"commonName":"Apelin-13","slug":"apelin-13"}},{"title":"Apelin, diabetes, and obesity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s12020-011-9507-9","pubmedId":"21725702","peptide":{"commonName":"Apelin-17","slug":"apelin-17"}},{"title":"Localized apelin-17 analogue-bicelle interactions as a facilitator of membrane-catalyzed receptor recognition and binding.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184289","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Apelin-17","slug":"apelin-17"}},{"title":"The Metabolically Resistant Apelin-17 Analogue LIT01-196 Reduces Cardiac Dysfunction and Remodelling in Heart Failure After Myocardial Infarction.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.cjca.2024.11.034","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Apelin-17","slug":"apelin-17"}},{"title":"Effects of apelin on the cardiovascular system.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s10741-015-9475-x","pubmedId":"25652330","peptide":{"commonName":"Apelin-36","slug":"apelin-36"}},{"title":"Apelin, diabetes, and obesity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s12020-011-9507-9","pubmedId":"21725702","peptide":{"commonName":"Apelin-36","slug":"apelin-36"}},{"title":"Emerging roles of apelin in biology and medicine.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.04.001","pubmedId":"15907343","peptide":{"commonName":"Apelin-36","slug":"apelin-36"}},{"title":"Molecular communication between Apelin-13, Apelin-36, Elabela, and nitric oxide in gestational diabetes mellitus.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202205_28748","pubmedId":"35587081","peptide":{"commonName":"Apelin-36","slug":"apelin-36"}},{"title":"[Pyr1]apelin-13 relaxes the rat thoracic aorta via APJ, NO, AMPK, and potassium channels.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.4149/gpb_20210258","pubmedId":"34602456","peptide":{"commonName":"Pyroglutamyl apelin-13","slug":"pyroglutamyl-apelin-13"}},{"title":"Therapeutics effects of [Pyr1] apelin-13 on rat contusion model of spinal cord injury: An experimental study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.101924","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pyroglutamyl apelin-13","slug":"pyroglutamyl-apelin-13"}},{"title":"Post-infarct treatment with [Pyr1]apelin-13 exerts anti-remodelling and anti-apoptotic effects in rats' hearts.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.5603/kp.a2017.0022","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pyroglutamyl apelin-13","slug":"pyroglutamyl-apelin-13"}},{"title":"Genetic loss of proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP) in mice is compatible with survival.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2018.11.005","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide","slug":"proadrenomedullin-n-terminal-20-peptide"}},{"title":"Adrenomedullin and proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP) in adrenal chromaffin cells.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0196-9781(01)00512-5","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide","slug":"proadrenomedullin-n-terminal-20-peptide"}},{"title":"NLRC5 senses NAD(+) depletion, forming a PANoptosome and driving PANoptosis and inflammation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.cell.2024.05.034","pubmedId":"38878777","peptide":{"commonName":"Proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide","slug":"proadrenomedullin-n-terminal-20-peptide"}},{"title":"Endothelin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00018-010-0518-0","pubmedId":"20848158","peptide":{"commonName":"Endothelin-2","slug":"endothelin-2"}},{"title":"Endothelins and carcinogenesis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.5604/17322693.1214386","pubmedId":"27594562","peptide":{"commonName":"Endothelin-2","slug":"endothelin-2"}},{"title":"Endothelin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/3-540-32967-6_9","pubmedId":"16999223","peptide":{"commonName":"Endothelin-2","slug":"endothelin-2"}},{"title":"Endothelin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00018-010-0518-0","pubmedId":"20848158","peptide":{"commonName":"Endothelin-3","slug":"endothelin-3"}},{"title":"Comparative study on the mechanism of bradykinin potentiation induced by bradykinin-potentiating peptide 9a, enalaprilat and kinin-potentiating peptide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0014-2999(92)90431-3","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bradykinin-potentiating peptide 9a","slug":"bradykinin-potentiating-peptide-9a"}},{"title":"Endothelin receptors and their antagonists.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.semnephrol.2015.02.002","pubmedId":"25966344","peptide":{"commonName":"Endothelin-3","slug":"endothelin-3"}},{"title":"Endothelin 3/EDNRB signaling induces thermogenic differentiation of white adipose tissue.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-024-51579-0","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Endothelin-3","slug":"endothelin-3"}},{"title":"Endothelin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1124/pr.115.011833","pubmedId":"26956245","peptide":{"commonName":"Endothelin-3","slug":"endothelin-3"}},{"title":"The urocortin peptides: biological relevance and laboratory aspects of UCN3 and its receptor.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1080/10408363.2022.2080175","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Urocortin 3","slug":"urocortin-3"}},{"title":"Urocortin3: Local inducer of somatostatin release and bellwether of beta cell maturity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170748","pubmedId":"35065098","peptide":{"commonName":"Urocortin 3","slug":"urocortin-3"}},{"title":"Progress in understanding the roles of Urocortin3 (UCN3) in the control of appetite from studies using animal models.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170124","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Urocortin 3","slug":"urocortin-3"}},{"title":"Corticostatins.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/1043-2760(93)90096-w","pubmedId":"18407166","peptide":{"commonName":"Corticostatin","slug":"corticostatin"}},{"title":"Localization and measurement of corticostatin-I in nonpregnant and pregnant rabbit tissues during late gestation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1210/endo.132.6.8504740","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Corticostatin","slug":"corticostatin"}},{"title":"The NPB/NPW neuropeptide system and its role in regulating energy homeostasis, pain, and emotion.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/400_2007_056","pubmedId":"18204824","peptide":{"commonName":"Neuropeptide B","slug":"neuropeptide-b"}},{"title":"Analgesic neuropeptide W suppresses seizures in the brain revealed by rational repositioning and peptide engineering.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1021/cn1000974","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Neuropeptide W","slug":"neuropeptide-w"}},{"title":"The NPB/NPW neuropeptide system and its role in regulating energy homeostasis, pain, and emotion.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/400_2007_056","pubmedId":"18204824","peptide":{"commonName":"Neuropeptide W","slug":"neuropeptide-w"}},{"title":"Anatomy, function and regulation of neuropeptide EI (NEI).","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2008.03.012","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Neuropeptide EI","slug":"neuropeptide-ei"}},{"title":"Glucagon like peptide-2 and neoplasia; a systematic review.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1080/17474124.2018.1417032","pubmedId":"29231791","peptide":{"commonName":"GLP-2(1-33)","slug":"glp-2-1-33"}},{"title":"AgRP/NPY and POMC neurons in the arcuate nucleus and their potential role in treatment of obesity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174611","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Agouti-related peptide","slug":"agouti-related-peptide"}},{"title":"Acute and circadian feedforward regulation of agouti-related peptide hunger neurons.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2024.11.009","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Agouti-related peptide","slug":"agouti-related-peptide"}},{"title":"Hypothalamic mechanisms of obesity-associated disturbance of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.tem.2021.12.004","pubmedId":"35063326","peptide":{"commonName":"Agouti-related peptide","slug":"agouti-related-peptide"}},{"title":"Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART): A multifaceted neuropeptide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2018.10.008","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript","slug":"cocaine-and-amphetamine-regulated-transcript"}},{"title":"Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript (CART) Peptide Plays Critical Role in Psychostimulant-Induced Depression.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.4062/biomolther.2018.141","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript","slug":"cocaine-and-amphetamine-regulated-transcript"}},{"title":"Studies of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) knockout mice.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2006.03.035","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript","slug":"cocaine-and-amphetamine-regulated-transcript"}},{"title":"Structure-activity studies of RFamide-related peptide-1 identify a functional receptor antagonist and novel cardiac myocyte signaling pathway involved in contractile performance.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1021/jm300760m","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"RFamide-related peptide-1","slug":"rfamide-related-peptide-1"}},{"title":"Human RFamide-related peptide-1 diminishes cellular and integrated cardiac contractile performance.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2010.07.012","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"RFamide-related peptide-1","slug":"rfamide-related-peptide-1"}},{"title":"RF-amide related peptide-3 (RFRP-3): a novel neuroendocrine regulator of energy homeostasis, metabolism, and reproduction.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s11033-021-06198-z","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"RFamide-related peptide-3","slug":"rfamide-related-peptide-3"}},{"title":"Central and peripheral neuropeptide RFRP-3: A bridge linking reproduction, nutrition, and stress response.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.100979","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"RFamide-related peptide-3","slug":"rfamide-related-peptide-3"}},{"title":"Regulation and Function of RFRP-3 (GnIH) Neurons during Postnatal Development.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2015.00150","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"RFamide-related peptide-3","slug":"rfamide-related-peptide-3"}},{"title":"The kisspeptin (KiSS-1)/GPR54 system in cancer biology.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2008.05.007","pubmedId":"18583061","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-13","slug":"kisspeptin-13"}},{"title":"International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXVII. Kisspeptin receptor nomenclature, distribution, and function.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1124/pr.110.002774","pubmedId":"21079036","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-13","slug":"kisspeptin-13"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin‑13 inhibits bleomycin‑induced pulmonary fibrosis through GPR54 in mice.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3892/mmr.2019.10341","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-13","slug":"kisspeptin-13"}},{"title":"The kisspeptin (KiSS-1)/GPR54 system in cancer biology.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2008.05.007","pubmedId":"18583061","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-14","slug":"kisspeptin-14"}},{"title":"International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXVII. Kisspeptin receptor nomenclature, distribution, and function.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1124/pr.110.002774","pubmedId":"21079036","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-14","slug":"kisspeptin-14"}},{"title":"KISS1 in breast cancer progression and autophagy.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s10555-019-09814-4","pubmedId":"31705228","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-14","slug":"kisspeptin-14"}},{"title":"Gastrin 17 vaccine--Aphton: Anti-gastrin 17 immunogen, G17DT.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2165/00063030-200317030-00011","pubmedId":"12749761","peptide":{"commonName":"Gastrin-17","slug":"gastrin-17"}},{"title":"The production and role of gastrin-17 and gastrin-17-gly in gastrointestinal cancers.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2174/092986609789839269","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Gastrin-17","slug":"gastrin-17"}},{"title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide as a novel neuropeptide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/bf02914270","pubmedId":"10065878","peptide":{"commonName":"GLP-1(7-36) amide","slug":"glp-1-7-36-amide"}},{"title":"GLP-1 receptor independent pathways: emerging beneficial effects of GLP-1 breakdown products.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s40519-016-0352-y","pubmedId":"28040864","peptide":{"commonName":"GLP-1(7-36) amide","slug":"glp-1-7-36-amide"}},{"title":"Circulation and degradation of GIP and GLP-1.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1055/s-2004-826160","pubmedId":"15655705","peptide":{"commonName":"GLP-1(7-36) amide","slug":"glp-1-7-36-amide"}},{"title":"The discovery of peptides used for the treatment of diabetes/obesity: A personal journey.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171115","pubmedId":"37924847","peptide":{"commonName":"GLP-1(7-36) amide","slug":"glp-1-7-36-amide"}},{"title":"Circulation and degradation of GIP and GLP-1.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1055/s-2004-826160","pubmedId":"15655705","peptide":{"commonName":"GLP-1(7-37)","slug":"glp-1-7-37"}},{"title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1): a potent gut hormone with a possible therapeutic perspective.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s005920050116","pubmedId":"9840447","peptide":{"commonName":"GLP-1(7-37)","slug":"glp-1-7-37"}},{"title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) as a new therapeutic approach for type 2-diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1055/s-0029-1211750","pubmedId":"9285204","peptide":{"commonName":"GLP-1(7-37)","slug":"glp-1-7-37"}},{"title":"The evolution of the therapeutic concept 'GIP receptor antagonism'.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1570603","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"GIP(1-42)","slug":"gip-1-42"}},{"title":"GIP-derived GIP receptor antagonists - a review of their role in GIP receptor pharmacology.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171212","pubmedId":"38608836","peptide":{"commonName":"GIP(1-42)","slug":"gip-1-42"}},{"title":"Safety of native glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide in humans.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171214","pubmedId":"38615716","peptide":{"commonName":"GIP(1-42)","slug":"gip-1-42"}},{"title":"Peptide YY(1-36) and peptide YY(3-36): Part I. Distribution, release and actions.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1381/096089206776944959","pubmedId":"16687037","peptide":{"commonName":"Peptide YY(1-36)","slug":"pYY-1-36"}},{"title":"Peptide YY(1-36) and peptide YY(3-36): Part II. Changes after gastrointestinal surgery and bariatric surgery.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1381/096089206777346619","pubmedId":"16756746","peptide":{"commonName":"Peptide YY(1-36)","slug":"pYY-1-36"}},{"title":"Fibril formation and toxicity of the non-amyloidogenic rat amylin peptide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.micron.2012.07.001","pubmedId":"22854213","peptide":{"commonName":"Amylin(1-37)","slug":"amylin-1-37"}},{"title":"Amylin(1-8) is devoid of anabolic activity in bone.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00223-010-9338-3","pubmedId":"20127324","peptide":{"commonName":"Amylin(1-37)","slug":"amylin-1-37"}},{"title":"Does salmon calcitonin cause cancer? A review and meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00198-015-3339-z","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Salmon calcitonin","slug":"salmon-calcitonin"}},{"title":"Human calcitonin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/220984a0","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Human calcitonin","slug":"human-calcitonin"}},{"title":"Dynamic membrane interaction and amyloid fibril formation of glucagon, melittin and human calcitonin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107025","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Human calcitonin","slug":"human-calcitonin"}},{"title":"Calcitonin-derived carrier peptides.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2174/138161205774580723","pubmedId":"16305502","peptide":{"commonName":"Human calcitonin","slug":"human-calcitonin"}},{"title":"Molecular mechanisms of cell-specific and regulated expression of the calcitonin/alpha-CGRP and beta-CGRP genes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb22755.x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Beta-CGRP","slug":"calcitonin-gene-related-peptide-beta"}},{"title":"Structure and biology of amylin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0165-6147(93)90081-t","pubmedId":"8516954","peptide":{"commonName":"Beta-CGRP","slug":"calcitonin-gene-related-peptide-beta"}},{"title":"An essential binding surface for ShK toxin interaction with rat brain potassium channels.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1021/bi962463g","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"ShK toxin","slug":"shk-toxin"}},{"title":"Design and synthesis of type-III mimetics of ShK toxin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1023/a:1020214720560","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"ShK toxin","slug":"shk-toxin"}},{"title":"Role of endogenous amylin in glucagon secretion and gastric emptying in rats demonstrated with the selective antagonist, AC187.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.regpep.2006.06.004","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"AC187","slug":"amylin-receptor-antagonist-ac187"}},{"title":"Receptor pharmacology.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s1054-3589(05)52003-9","pubmedId":"16492540","peptide":{"commonName":"AC187","slug":"amylin-receptor-antagonist-ac187"}},{"title":"Multiple target of hAmylin on rat primary hippocampal neurons.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.07.008","pubmedId":"27743934","peptide":{"commonName":"AC187","slug":"amylin-receptor-antagonist-ac187"}},{"title":"Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and malignancy.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2022.03.002","pubmedId":"35953108","peptide":{"commonName":"Parathyroid hormone-related protein","slug":"parathyroid-hormone-related-protein"}},{"title":"Bremelanotide for Treatment of Female Hypoactive Sexual Desire.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/neurolint14010006","pubmedId":"35076581","peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"The parathyroid hormone-related protein.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70154-7","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Parathyroid hormone-related protein","slug":"parathyroid-hormone-related-protein"}},{"title":"Parathyroid hormone-related protein: an update.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2012-2142","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Parathyroid hormone-related protein","slug":"parathyroid-hormone-related-protein"}},{"title":"Parathyroid hormone-related protein.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3109/10408369509084687","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Parathyroid hormone-related protein","slug":"parathyroid-hormone-related-protein"}},{"title":"Decision letter for \"Effect of bremelanotide on body weight of obese women: data from two phase 1 randomized controlled trials\"","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/dom.14672/v2/decision1","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"PTHrP(1-36) as a skeletal anabolic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s8756-3282(96)00221-9","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"PTHrP(1-36)","slug":"pthrp-1-36"}},{"title":"Matrix metalloproteinase processing of PTHrP yields a selective regulator of osteogenesis, PTHrP(1-17).","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/onc.2017.70","pubmedId":"28368420","peptide":{"commonName":"PTHrP(1-36)","slug":"pthrp-1-36"}},{"title":"What is the function of osteocalcin?","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.job.2020.05.004","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Osteocalcin","slug":"osteocalcin"}},{"title":"An overview of osteocalcin progress.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00774-015-0734-7","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Osteocalcin","slug":"osteocalcin"}},{"title":"Osteostatin, a peptide for the future treatment of musculoskeletal diseases.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116177","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Osteostatin","slug":"osteostatin"}},{"title":"Effects of bleaching on osteoclast activity and their modulation by osteostatin and fibroblast growth factor 2.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.jcis.2015.09.035","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Osteostatin","slug":"osteostatin"}},{"title":"Serum salusin-α and -β levels in patients with parkinson's disease.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s10072-023-07031-0","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Salusin-alpha","slug":"salusin-alpha"}},{"title":"Serum salusin-α and -β levels in patients with parkinson's disease.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s10072-023-07031-0","pubmedId":"37668828","peptide":{"commonName":"Salusin-beta","slug":"salusin-beta"}},{"title":"Adropin expression reflects circadian, lipoprotein, and mitochondrial processes in human tissues.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.molmet.2025.102196","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Adropin","slug":"adropin"}},{"title":"Irisin Mediates Effects on Bone and Fat via αV Integrin Receptors.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.cell.2018.10.025","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Irisin","slug":"irisin"}},{"title":"OLFR734 Mediates Glucose Metabolism as a Receptor of Asprosin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2019.05.022","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Asprosin","slug":"asprosin"}},{"title":"Asprosin, a Fasting-Induced Glucogenic Protein Hormone.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.cell.2016.02.063","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Asprosin","slug":"asprosin"}},{"title":"Asprosin Levels in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2147/dmso.s527579","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Asprosin","slug":"asprosin"}},{"title":"Renal tubular epithelial-derived follistatin-like 1 protects against UUO-induced renal fibrosis in mice via inhibiting NF-κB-mediated epithelial inflammation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.7150/thno.100969","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Follistatin","slug":"follistatin"}},{"title":"Follistatin and follistatin-like 3 in metabolic disorders.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106785","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Follistatin","slug":"follistatin"}},{"title":"Fructose and follistatin potentiate acute MASLD during complete hepatic insulin resistance.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-66296-5","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Follistatin","slug":"follistatin"}},{"title":"Targeting the myostatin signaling pathway to treat muscle loss and metabolic dysfunction.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1172/jci148372","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Myostatin","slug":"myostatin"}},{"title":"GDF8 and activin A blockade protects against GLP-1-induced muscle loss while enhancing fat loss in obese male mice and non-human primates.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-59485-9","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Activin A","slug":"activin-a"}},{"title":"An antibody blocking activin type II receptors induces strong skeletal muscle hypertrophy and protects from atrophy.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1128/mcb.01307-13","pubmedId":"24298022","peptide":{"commonName":"Activin A","slug":"activin-a"}},{"title":"The synthesis and secretion of inhibins.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/b978-0-12-385961-7.00008-1","pubmedId":"21353880","peptide":{"commonName":"Inhibin A","slug":"inhibin-a"}},{"title":"Inhibin--fact or artifact.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0303-7207(79)90071-6","pubmedId":"376371","peptide":{"commonName":"Inhibin A","slug":"inhibin-a"}},{"title":"Inhibin B in healthy and cryptorchid boys.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1186/s13052-018-0523-8","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Inhibin B","slug":"inhibin-b"}},{"title":"Basal and FSH-stimulated Inhibin B in Precocious Puberty.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s13312-024-3255-4","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Inhibin B","slug":"inhibin-b"}},{"title":"The dual and multifaceted role of relaxin-2 in cancer.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s12094-023-03146-0","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Relaxin-2","slug":"relaxin-2"}},{"title":"Synthetic relaxins.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.09.014","pubmedId":"25282523","peptide":{"commonName":"Relaxin-2","slug":"relaxin-2"}},{"title":"Effects of Serelaxin in Patients with Acute Heart Failure.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa1801291","pubmedId":"31433919","peptide":{"commonName":"Relaxin-2","slug":"relaxin-2"}},{"title":"INSL3 in the muscolo-skeletal system.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.mce.2018.12.021","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin-like peptide 3","slug":"insulin-like-peptide-3"}},{"title":"Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein-3 inhibits type 1 IGF receptor activation independently of its IGF binding affinity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1210/endo.142.1.7915","pubmedId":"11145572","peptide":{"commonName":"Des(1-3) IGF-1","slug":"des-1-3-igf-1"}},{"title":"Anamorelin in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and cachexia (ROMANA 1 and ROMANA 2): results from two randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trials.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s1470-2045(15)00558-6","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Anamorelin","slug":"anamorelin"}},{"title":"Anamorelin in the Management of Cancer Cachexia: Clinical Efficacy, Challenges, and Future Directions.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.21873/anticanres.17475","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Anamorelin","slug":"anamorelin"}},{"title":"Intranasal NAP (Davunetide): Neuroprotection and circadian rhythmicity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.addr.2025.115573","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Davunetide","slug":"davunetide"}},{"title":"Insulin-like Peptide-6 Levels in Non-obstructive Azoospermia.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.29271/jcpsp.2022.10.1238","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin-like peptide 6","slug":"insulin-like-peptide-6"}},{"title":"Relaxin and related peptides in male reproduction.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/978-0-387-74672-2_5","pubmedId":"18161481","peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin-like peptide 6","slug":"insulin-like-peptide-6"}},{"title":"IGF-2 Preprograms Maturing Macrophages to Acquire Oxidative Phosphorylation-Dependent Anti-inflammatory Properties.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2019.01.006","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin-like growth factor 2","slug":"insulin-like-growth-factor-2"}},{"title":"Insulin-like growth factor-2/mannose-6 phosphate receptors.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0083-6729(08)00624-9","pubmedId":"19251055","peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin-like growth factor 2","slug":"insulin-like-growth-factor-2"}},{"title":"Effects of Serelaxin in Patients with Acute Heart Failure.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa1801291","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Serelaxin","slug":"serelaxin"}},{"title":"Metabolism of growth hormone releasing peptides.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1021/ac302034w","pubmedId":"23101768","peptide":{"commonName":"Alexamorelin","slug":"alexamorelin"}},{"title":"Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): an update.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0196-9781(86)90148-8","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Emideltide","slug":"emideltide"}},{"title":"Relaxin-3, INSL5, and their receptors.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/400_2007_055","pubmedId":"18236022","peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin-like peptide 5","slug":"insulin-like-peptide-5"}},{"title":"Challenges in the design of insulin and relaxin/insulin-like peptide mimetics.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.bmc.2017.09.030","pubmedId":"28988628","peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin-like peptide 5","slug":"insulin-like-peptide-5"}},{"title":"Growth factors and muscle ageing.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.exger.2004.08.010","pubmedId":"15501012","peptide":{"commonName":"Mechano growth factor","slug":"mechano-growth-factor"}},{"title":"A multicenter, randomized, double-blind study of ulimorelin and metoclopramide in the treatment of critically ill patients with enteral feeding intolerance: PROMOTE trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00134-019-05593-2","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Ulimorelin","slug":"ulimorelin"}},{"title":"A clinical study investigating the pharmacokinetic interaction between NN703 (tabimorelin), a potential inhibitor of CYP3A4 activity, and midazolam, a CYP3A4 substrate.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00228-002-0539-1","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Tabimorelin","slug":"tabimorelin"}},{"title":"The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and tolerability following 7 days daily oral treatment with NN703 in healthy male subjects.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1054/ghir.2000.0188","pubmedId":"11437473","peptide":{"commonName":"Tabimorelin","slug":"tabimorelin"}},{"title":"Cerebrolysin for acute ischaemic stroke.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/14651858.cd007026.pub3","pubmedId":"26083192","peptide":{"commonName":"Cerebrolysin peptide fraction","slug":"cerebrolysin-peptide-fraction"}},{"title":"Safety and efficacy of ulimorelin administered postoperatively to accelerate recovery of gastrointestinal motility following partial bowel resection: results of two randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trials.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1097/dcr.0b013e31829196d0","pubmedId":"23739196","peptide":{"commonName":"Ulimorelin","slug":"ulimorelin"}},{"title":"Optimization of the potency and pharmacokinetic properties of a macrocyclic ghrelin receptor agonist (Part I): Development of ulimorelin (TZP-101) from hit to clinic.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1021/jm2007062","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Ulimorelin","slug":"ulimorelin"}},{"title":"ACTH 4-10 and short-term memory.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0091-3057(76)90331-2","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"ACTH(4-10)","slug":"acth-4-10"}},{"title":"ACTH(4-10) and the neuromuscular junction.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0165-6147(88)90147-2","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"ACTH(4-10)","slug":"acth-4-10"}},{"title":"36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine : Brussels, Belgium. 15-18 March 2016.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6","pubmedId":"27885969","peptide":{"commonName":"P21 peptide","slug":"p21-peptide"}},{"title":"Neurotrophic factor small-molecule mimetics mediated neuroregeneration and synaptic repair: emerging therapeutic modality for Alzheimer's disease.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1186/s13024-016-0119-y","pubmedId":"27400746","peptide":{"commonName":"P21 peptide","slug":"p21-peptide"}},{"title":"Thymalin: Activation of Differentiation of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s10517-020-05016-z","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Thymalin","slug":"thymalin"}},{"title":"Effect of Thymalin on the Tumor and Thymus under Conditions of Activation Therapy In Vivo.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s10517-018-4104-z","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Thymalin","slug":"thymalin"}},{"title":"FOXO4-DRI induces keloid senescent fibroblast apoptosis by promoting nuclear exclusion of upregulated p53-serine 15 phosphorylation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s42003-025-07738-0","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"FOXO4-DRI","slug":"foxo4-dri"}},{"title":"Effects of pancragen on the differentiation of pancreatic cells during their ageing.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s10517-013-1987-6","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pancragen","slug":"pancragen"}},{"title":"Prospects of using pancragen for correction of metabolic disorders in elderly people.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s10517-011-1354-4","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pancragen","slug":"pancragen"}},{"title":"Shortened Spadin Analogs Display Better TREK-1 Inhibition, In Vivo Stability and Antidepressant Activity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3389/fphar.2017.00643","pubmedId":"28955242","peptide":{"commonName":"PE-22.28","slug":"pe-22-28"}},{"title":"Immunomodulating effects of Vilon and its analogue in the culture of human and animal thymus cells.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s10517-013-2000-0","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Vilon","slug":"vilon"}},{"title":"Studies of the effects of Vilon and Epithalon on gene expression in mouse heart using DNA-microarray technology.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1023/a:1015859322630","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Vilon","slug":"vilon"}},{"title":"Effects of short peptides on lymphocyte chromatin in senile subjects.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1023/b:bebm.0000024393.40560.05","pubmedId":"15085253","peptide":{"commonName":"Prostamax","slug":"prostamax"}},{"title":"Physiology and therapeutic potential of the thymic peptide thymulin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2174/1381612820666140130211157","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Thymulin","slug":"thymulin"}},{"title":"Thymulin and the neuroendocrine system.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2003.11.002","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Thymulin","slug":"thymulin"}},{"title":"An Analysis of 3 Common CardioGen-82 82Rb Infusion System Injection Methods and Their Impact on Clinical Volume and Image Counts.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2967/jnmt.114.152702","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Cardiogen","slug":"cardiogen"}},{"title":"Tumor-modifying effect of cardiogen peptide on M-1 sarcoma in senescent rats.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s10517-010-0730-9","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Cardiogen","slug":"cardiogen"}},{"title":"Effects of short peptides on lymphocyte chromatin in senile subjects.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1023/b:bebm.0000024393.40560.05","pubmedId":"15085253","peptide":{"commonName":"Livagen","slug":"livagen"}},{"title":"Effect of the peptide bronchogen (Ala-Asp-Glu-Leu) on DNA thermostability.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s10517-011-1146-x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bronchogen","slug":"bronchogen"}},{"title":"Peptides tissue-specifically stimulate cell differentiation during their aging.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s10517-012-1664-1","pubmedId":"22808515","peptide":{"commonName":"Bronchogen","slug":"bronchogen"}},{"title":"Penetration of short fluorescence-labeled peptides into the nucleus in HeLa cells and in vitro specific interaction of the peptides with deoxyribooligonucleotides and DNA.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1134/s0006297911110022","pubmedId":"22117547","peptide":{"commonName":"Bronchogen","slug":"bronchogen"}},{"title":"Effect of pancragen on blood glucose level, capillary permeability and adhesion in rats with experimental diabetes mellitus.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s10517-007-0377-3","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pancragen","slug":"pancragen"}},{"title":"Peptide KED: Molecular-Genetic Aspects of Neurogenesis Regulation in Alzheimer's Disease.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s10517-021-05192-6","pubmedId":"34173097","peptide":{"commonName":"KED peptide","slug":"khavinson-ked"}},{"title":"Short Peptides Protect Oral Stem Cells from Ageing.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s12015-019-09921-3","pubmedId":"31677028","peptide":{"commonName":"KED peptide","slug":"khavinson-ked"}},{"title":"Study of biological activity of Lys-Glu-Asp-Trp-NH2 endogenous tetrapeptide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s10517-010-0944-x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"KEDW peptide","slug":"khavinson-kedw"}},{"title":"Modulating Effect of Peptide Therapy on the Morphofunctional State of Bronchial Epithelium in Rats with Obstructive Lung Pathology.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s10517-015-3047-x","pubmedId":"26468022","peptide":{"commonName":"Bronchogen","slug":"bronchogen"}},{"title":"Twenty years of study on effects of pineal peptide preparation: epithalamin in experimental gerontology and oncology.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb56853.x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Epithalamin","slug":"epithalamin"}},{"title":"Pineal peptide preparation epithalamin increases the lifespan of fruit flies, mice and rats.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0047-6374(98)00034-7","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Epithalamin","slug":"epithalamin"}},{"title":"The Antioxidant Tetrapeptide Epitalon Enhances Delayed Wound Healing in an in Vitro Model of Diabetic Retinopathy.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s12015-025-10911-x","pubmedId":"40493162","peptide":{"commonName":"EDG peptide","slug":"khavinson-edg"}},{"title":"Penetration of short fluorescence-labeled peptides into the nucleus in HeLa cells and in vitro specific interaction of the peptides with deoxyribooligonucleotides and DNA.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1134/s0006297911110022","pubmedId":"22117547","peptide":{"commonName":"Testagen","slug":"testagen"}},{"title":"Role of Mono- and Divalent Ions in Peptide Glu-Asp-Arg-DNA Interaction.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b10359","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"EDR peptide","slug":"khavinson-edr"}},{"title":"ACTH 1-17 effects in acute myeloid leukemia.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/bf02904973","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"ACTH(1-17)","slug":"acth-1-17"}},{"title":"Analogues in immunology.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/bf02904966","pubmedId":"6091238","peptide":{"commonName":"ACTH(1-17)","slug":"acth-1-17"}},{"title":"Effects of short peptides on lymphocyte chromatin in senile subjects.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1023/b:bebm.0000024393.40560.05","pubmedId":"15085253","peptide":{"commonName":"Cortagen","slug":"cortagen"}},{"title":"Peptide-IR820 Conjugate: A Promising Strategy for Efficient Vascular Disruption and Hypoxia Induction in Melanoma.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1021/acsami.4c07503","pubmedId":"39051862","peptide":{"commonName":"EW peptide","slug":"khavinson-ew"}},{"title":"Whey Protein Peptide Pro-Glu-Trp Ameliorates Hyperuricemia by Enhancing Intestinal Uric Acid Excretion, Modulating the Gut Microbiota, and Protecting the Intestinal Barrier in Rats.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00984","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"EW peptide","slug":"khavinson-ew"}},{"title":"Inhibitors of proprotein convertases.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00109-005-0710-0","pubmedId":"16215768","peptide":{"commonName":"KH peptide","slug":"khavinson-kh"}},{"title":"Peptides tissue-specifically stimulate cell differentiation during their aging.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s10517-012-1664-1","pubmedId":"22808515","peptide":{"commonName":"KEDW peptide","slug":"khavinson-kedw"}},{"title":"Skin pigmentation and pharmacokinetics of melanotan-I in humans.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/(sici)1099-081x(199704)18:3<259::aid-bdd20>3.0.co;2-x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Melanotan I","slug":"melanotan-i"}},{"title":"[Undesirable pigmentation].","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00105-015-3671-4","pubmedId":"26315100","peptide":{"commonName":"Melanotan I","slug":"melanotan-i"}},{"title":"Enkephalin production by the corpus luteum.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0143-4179(87)90044-8","pubmedId":"3601012","peptide":{"commonName":"Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu","slug":"metenkefalin-rgl"}},{"title":"Overview of Epitalon-Highly Bioactive Pineal Tetrapeptide with Promising Properties.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/ijms26062691","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"ED peptide","slug":"khavinson-ed"}},{"title":"Constitutive activity in gonadotropin receptors.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/b978-0-12-417197-8.00002-x","pubmedId":"24931192","peptide":{"commonName":"ED peptide","slug":"khavinson-ed"}},{"title":"High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for Melanotan-1 ([Nle4-DPhe7]alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone) in biological matrices.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0378-4347(95)00177-8","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Melanotan-1","slug":"melanotan-1"}},{"title":"Effects of a superpotent melanotropic peptide in combination with solar UV radiation on tanning of the skin in human volunteers.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1001/archderm.140.7.827","pubmedId":"15262693","peptide":{"commonName":"Melanotan-1","slug":"melanotan-1"}},{"title":"Pain regulation by nocistatin-targeting molecules: G protein-coupled-receptor and nocistatin-interacting protein.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2014.12.001","pubmedId":"25677771","peptide":{"commonName":"Nocistatin","slug":"nocistatin"}},{"title":"ACTH 1-17 and pituitary-adrenal function in human.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/bf02904968","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"ACTH(1-17)","slug":"acth-1-17"}},{"title":"Alpha-neoendorphin can reduce UVB-induced skin photoaging by activating cellular autophagy.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.abb.2020.108437","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Alpha-neoendorphin","slug":"alpha-neoendorphin"}},{"title":"alpha-Neoendorphin-like immunoreactivity in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/1097-0142(19870115)59:2<277::aid-cncr2820590217>3.0.co;2-x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Alpha-neoendorphin","slug":"alpha-neoendorphin"}},{"title":"Rimorphin (dynorphin B) exists together with alpha-neo-endorphin and dynorphin (dynorphin A) in human hypothalamus.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0006-291x(83)90427-8","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Dynorphin B","slug":"dynorphin-b"}},{"title":"Exploration of dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitors in a low-molecular mass extract of the earthworm Eisenia fetida and identification of the inhibitors as amino acids like methionine, leucine, histidine, and isoleucine.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109534","pubmedId":"32423671","peptide":{"commonName":"KH peptide","slug":"khavinson-kh"}},{"title":"Involvement of pro-enkephalin-derived peptides in immunity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0145-305x(00)00047-1","pubmedId":"11164883","peptide":{"commonName":"Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe","slug":"metenkefalin-f"}},{"title":"Effect of low- and high-frequency TENS on Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe and dynorphin A immunoreactivity in human lumbar CSF.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0304-3959(91)90218-m","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe","slug":"metenkefalin-f"}},{"title":"Methionine-enkephalin, leucine-enkephalin methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 and methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 in human pheochromocytoma.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0024-3205(83)90450-2","pubmedId":"6664256","peptide":{"commonName":"Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe","slug":"metenkefalin-f"}},{"title":"Methionine-enkephalin, leucine-enkephalin methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 and methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 in human pheochromocytoma.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0024-3205(83)90450-2","pubmedId":"6664256","peptide":{"commonName":"Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu","slug":"metenkefalin-rgl"}},{"title":"Immunocytochemical distribution of [Met]enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu immunoreactivity in the rat diencephalon.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0361-9230(87)90061-x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu","slug":"metenkefalin-rgl"}},{"title":"Endomorphin-induced motivational effect: differential mechanism of endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1254/jjp.89.224","pubmedId":"12184726","peptide":{"commonName":"Endomorphin-2","slug":"endomorphin-2"}},{"title":"The antinociceptive properties of endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 in the mouse.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1254/jjp.89.216","pubmedId":"12184724","peptide":{"commonName":"Endomorphin-2","slug":"endomorphin-2"}},{"title":"Endomorphin-2: a biased agonist at the μ-opioid receptor.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1124/mol.112.078659","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Endomorphin-2","slug":"endomorphin-2"}},{"title":"Endogenous peptide: Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe, differently regulate expression of opioid receptors on chronic treatment.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2009.07.003","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe","slug":"metenkefalin-f"}},{"title":"Endomorphin-induced motivational effect: differential mechanism of endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1254/jjp.89.224","pubmedId":"12184726","peptide":{"commonName":"Endomorphin-1","slug":"endomorphin-1"}},{"title":"The antinociceptive properties of endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 in the mouse.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1254/jjp.89.216","pubmedId":"12184724","peptide":{"commonName":"Endomorphin-1","slug":"endomorphin-1"}},{"title":"From MIF-1 to endomorphin: the Tyr-MIF-1 family of peptides.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2007.10.006","pubmedId":"17988762","peptide":{"commonName":"Endomorphin-1","slug":"endomorphin-1"}},{"title":"Deciphering intracellular localization and physiological role of nociceptin and nocistatin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2013.02.010","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Nocistatin","slug":"nocistatin"}},{"title":"Nocistatin: milestone of one decade of research.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2174/1381612820666141027112451","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Nocistatin","slug":"nocistatin"}},{"title":"Effects of nociceptin and nocistatin on uterine contraction.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2014.10.004","pubmedId":"25677774","peptide":{"commonName":"Nocistatin","slug":"nocistatin"}},{"title":"Nanostructure and Collagen-Stimulating Activity of Cationic Pentapeptide Lipopeptides.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/psc.70111","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Palmitoyl pentapeptide-4","slug":"palmitoyl-pentapeptide-4"}},{"title":"Immunoreactive peptides related to dynorphin B (= rimorphin) in the rat brain.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0196-9781(83)90083-9","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Dynorphin B","slug":"dynorphin-b"}},{"title":"Comparison of the action of putative endogenous kappa-agonists, leumorphin and rimorphin in vitro.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0024-3205(83)90496-4","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Dynorphin B","slug":"dynorphin-b"}},{"title":"Human defensins.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00109-005-0657-1","pubmedId":"15821901","peptide":{"commonName":"Beta-defensin 2","slug":"defensin-beta-2"}},{"title":"Human beta-defensin-2.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s1357-2725(99)00013-8","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Beta-defensin 2","slug":"defensin-beta-2"}},{"title":"The endomorphin system and its evolving neurophysiological role.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1124/pr.59.1.3","pubmedId":"17329549","peptide":{"commonName":"Endomorphin-2","slug":"endomorphin-2"}},{"title":"Dynorphin Neuropeptides Decrease Apparent Proton Affinity of ASIC1a by Occluding the Acidic Pocket.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00447","pubmedId":"34461722","peptide":{"commonName":"Big dynorphin","slug":"big-dynorphin"}},{"title":"Big dynorphin, a prodynorphin-derived peptide produces NMDA receptor-mediated effects on memory, anxiolytic-like and locomotor behavior in mice.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/sj.npp.1300959","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Big dynorphin","slug":"big-dynorphin"}},{"title":"Acetyl Hexapeptide-8 in Cosmeceuticals-A Review of Skin Permeability and Efficacy.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/ijms26125722","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Acetyl hexapeptide-8","slug":"acetyl-hexapeptide-8"}},{"title":"The anti-wrinkle efficacy of argireline, a synthetic hexapeptide, in Chinese subjects: a randomized, placebo-controlled study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s40257-013-0009-9","pubmedId":"23417317","peptide":{"commonName":"Acetyl hexapeptide-8","slug":"acetyl-hexapeptide-8"}},{"title":"Endomorphin 1 and endomorphin 2 suppress in vitro antibody formation at ultra-low concentrations: anti-peptide antibodies but not opioid antagonists block the activity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbi.2008.02.004","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Endomorphin-1","slug":"endomorphin-1"}},{"title":"Immunomodulatory potential of hydrophobic analogs of Rigin and their role in providing protection against Plasmodium berghei infection in mice.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s1567-5769(01)00021-2","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Rigin","slug":"rigins"}},{"title":"The second life of antibodies.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1134/s0006297914010015","pubmedId":"24512657","peptide":{"commonName":"Rigin","slug":"rigins"}},{"title":"Injectable polypeptide/chitosan hydrogel with loaded stem cells and rapid gelation promoting angiogenesis for diabetic wound healing.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.141578","pubmedId":"40023432","peptide":{"commonName":"Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7","slug":"palmitoyl-tetrapeptide-7"}},{"title":"Bioactive Glycyrrhizic Acid Ionic Liquid Self-Assembled Nanomicelles for Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Anti-Photoaging Signal Peptides.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/advs.202412581","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Palmitoyl pentapeptide-4","slug":"palmitoyl-pentapeptide-4"}},{"title":"Self-Assembly and Wound Healing Activity of Biomimetic Cycloalkane-Based Lipopeptides.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1021/acsami.4c14162","pubmedId":"39422705","peptide":{"commonName":"Palmitoyl pentapeptide-4","slug":"palmitoyl-pentapeptide-4"}},{"title":"Synergistic Effects of Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin and Bioactive Peptides on Dermal Fibroblast Viability and Extracellular Matrix Gene Expression: An In Vitro Study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/molecules30163415","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Palmitoyl pentapeptide-4","slug":"palmitoyl-pentapeptide-4"}},{"title":"Supramolecular collagen nanoparticles for anti-wrinkle, skin whitening, and moisturizing effects.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114275","pubmedId":"39383579","peptide":{"commonName":"Palmitoyl tripeptide-5","slug":"palmitoyl-tripeptide-5"}},{"title":"Human Beta Defensin 2 Ameliorated Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease in Mice.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3389/fphys.2021.812882","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Beta-defensin 2","slug":"defensin-beta-2"}},{"title":"The therapeutic efficacy of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12(®) in infant colic: A randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/apt.15561","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Beta-defensin 2","slug":"defensin-beta-2"}},{"title":"Intradermal injections of a hair growth factor formulation for enhancement of human hair regrowth - safety and efficacy evaluation in a first-in-man pilot clinical study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1080/14764172.2018.1439965","pubmedId":"29482481","peptide":{"commonName":"Copper tripeptide-1","slug":"copper-tripeptide-1"}},{"title":"QR678 & QR678 Neo Hair Growth Formulations: A Cellular Toxicity & Animal Efficacy Study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1097/gox.0000000000002843","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Copper tripeptide-1","slug":"copper-tripeptide-1"}},{"title":"Efficacy of bioactive peptides loaded on hyaluronic acid microneedle patches: A monocentric clinical study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/jocd.13009","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Palmitoyl tripeptide-5","slug":"palmitoyl-tripeptide-5"}},{"title":"Usage of Synthetic Peptides in Cosmetics for Sensitive Skin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/ph14080702","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Palmitoyl tripeptide-5","slug":"palmitoyl-tripeptide-5"}},{"title":"Delivery of Active Peptides by Self-Healing, Biocompatible and Supramolecular Hydrogels.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/molecules28062528","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Palmitoyl tripeptide-5","slug":"palmitoyl-tripeptide-5"}},{"title":"Topical application of sh-oligopeptide-1 and clinical trials with cosmetic preparations: risk or fraud?","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1080/15569527.2023.2234020","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"sh-Oligopeptide-1","slug":"sh-oligopeptide-1"}},{"title":"Usage of Synthetic Peptides in Cosmetics for Sensitive Skin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/ph14080702","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7","slug":"palmitoyl-tetrapeptide-7"}},{"title":"Targeting Circadian Rhythm for the Regulation of Skin Collagen Metabolism.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/jocd.70638","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Palmitoyl tripeptide-1","slug":"palmitoyl-tripeptide-1"}},{"title":"Topical application of sh-oligopeptide-1 and clinical trials with cosmetic preparations: risk or fraud?","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1080/15569527.2023.2234020","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Oligopeptide-1","slug":"oligopeptide-1"}},{"title":"A Randomized, Double-Blinded Pilot Study Comparing Synthetic Versus Human-Derived Topical Epidermal Growth Factor for Facial Rejuvenation and Psychosocial Perception.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/jocd.70927","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Oligopeptide-1","slug":"oligopeptide-1"}},{"title":"The anti-wrinkle efficacy of Argireline.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3109/14764172.2013.769273","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Acetyl hexapeptide-8","slug":"acetyl-hexapeptide-8"}},{"title":"A synthetic hexapeptide (Argireline) with antiwrinkle activity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1046/j.1467-2494.2002.00153.x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Acetyl hexapeptide-8","slug":"acetyl-hexapeptide-8"}},{"title":"Novel Cyclized Hexapeptide-9 Outperforms Retinol Against Skin Aging: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Active- and Vehicle-Controlled Clinical Trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/jocd.70290","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Hexapeptide-9","slug":"hexapeptide-9"}},{"title":"Pioneering ionic liquids in neuro-soothing: Enhanced transdermal delivery of collagen peptides and their synergistic anti-aging functions.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101527","pubmedId":"39968525","peptide":{"commonName":"Hexapeptide-9","slug":"hexapeptide-9"}},{"title":"A pre-market interventional, single-arm clinical investigation of a new topical lotion based on hyaluronic acid and peptides, EGYFIL(TM), for the treatment of pain and stiffness in soft tissues.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1186/s12891-023-06903-y","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"sh-Oligopeptide-1","slug":"sh-oligopeptide-1"}},{"title":"Update on the Research of an Emulgel for the Effective Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis: Clinical Investigation in Children.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/gels11110880","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"sh-Oligopeptide-1","slug":"sh-oligopeptide-1"}},{"title":"Association between rs11362 polymorphism in the beta-defensin 1 (DEFB1) gene and dental caries: A meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.job.2020.06.004","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Beta-defensin 1","slug":"defensin-beta-1"}},{"title":"Association between DEFB1 polymorphisms and periodontitis: a meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1691/ph.2019.9459","pubmedId":"31288894","peptide":{"commonName":"Beta-defensin 1","slug":"defensin-beta-1"}},{"title":"Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of the New Gene Data.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/ijms19071987","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Tripeptide-1","slug":"tripeptide-1"}},{"title":"GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1155/2015/648108","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Tripeptide-1","slug":"tripeptide-1"}},{"title":"Topically applied GHK as an anti-wrinkle peptide: Advantages, problems and prospective.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.34172/bi.30071","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Tripeptide-1","slug":"tripeptide-1"}},{"title":"The potential of GHK as an anti-aging peptide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.31491/apt.2020.03.014","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Tripeptide-1","slug":"tripeptide-1"}},{"title":"Unveiling DEFB1 as a novel driver and promising therapeutic target in lung adenocarcinoma.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41419-026-08748-4","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Beta-defensin 1","slug":"defensin-beta-1"}},{"title":"Human β-defensin 1 update: Potential clinical applications of the restless warrior.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.biocel.2018.09.007","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Beta-defensin 1","slug":"defensin-beta-1"}},{"title":"Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Dermcidin-Containing Migrasomes enhance LC3-Associated Phagocytosis of Pulmonary Macrophages and Protect against Post-Stroke Pneumonia.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/advs.202206432","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Dermcidin","slug":"dermcidin"}},{"title":"The secrets of dermcidin action.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.12.012","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Dermcidin","slug":"dermcidin"}},{"title":"Author response for \"Effect of bremelanotide on body weight of obese women: data from two phase 1 randomized controlled trials\"","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/dom.14672/v2/response1","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Multispecific myeloid defensins.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1097/00062752-200701000-00005","pubmedId":"17133095","peptide":{"commonName":"Alpha-defensin 3","slug":"defensin-alpha-3"}},{"title":"PPBP and DEFA1/DEFA3 genes in hyperlipidaemia as feasible synergistic inflammatory biomarkers for coronary heart disease.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1186/s12944-017-0471-0","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Alpha-defensin 3","slug":"defensin-alpha-3"}},{"title":"Review for \"Effect of bremelanotide on body weight of obese women: data from two phase 1 randomized controlled trials\"","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/dom.14672/v2/review1","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Age-restricted functional and developmental differences of neonatal platelets.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/jth.15847","pubmedId":"35962592","peptide":{"commonName":"Alpha-defensin 3","slug":"defensin-alpha-3"}},{"title":"Defensins.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0609.1990.tb00339.x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Alpha-defensin 1","slug":"defensin-alpha-1"}},{"title":"Role of Salivary Biomarkers in Oral Cancer Detection.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/bs.acc.2018.05.002","pubmedId":"30144841","peptide":{"commonName":"Alpha-defensin 1","slug":"defensin-alpha-1"}},{"title":"Human salivary histatin 1 regulating IP3R1/GRP75/VDAC1 mediated mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) inhibits cell senescence for diabetic wound repair.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.09.046","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Histatin-1","slug":"histatin-1"}},{"title":"Donation after circulatory death today: an updated overview of the European landscape.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/tri.13506","pubmedId":"31482628","peptide":{"commonName":"Dermcidin","slug":"dermcidin"}},{"title":"Pexiganan acetate.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2165/00003495-199856060-00011","pubmedId":"9878992","peptide":{"commonName":"Magainin 2","slug":"magainin-2"}},{"title":"Anti-Pythium insidiosum activity of MSI-78, LL-37, and magainin-2 antimicrobial peptides.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s42770-022-00678-5","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Magainin 2","slug":"magainin-2"}},{"title":"Revealing the Mechanisms of Synergistic Action of Two Magainin Antimicrobial Peptides.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3389/fmedt.2020.615494","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Magainin 2","slug":"magainin-2"}},{"title":"Alterations in Immune-Related Defensin Alpha 4 (DEFA4) Gene Expression in Health and Disease.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1155/2022/9099136","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Alpha-defensin 4","slug":"defensin-alpha-4"}},{"title":"Multispecific myeloid defensins.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1097/00062752-200701000-00005","pubmedId":"17133095","peptide":{"commonName":"Alpha-defensin 4","slug":"defensin-alpha-4"}},{"title":"Cellular Plasticity of Defa4(Cre)-Expressing Paneth Cells in Response to Notch Activation and Intestinal Injury.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.11.004","pubmedId":"30827941","peptide":{"commonName":"Alpha-defensin 4","slug":"defensin-alpha-4"}},{"title":"Association between miRNAs and DEFA4 in coronary artery disease.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s11033-026-12093-2","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Alpha-defensin 4","slug":"defensin-alpha-4"}},{"title":"Histatins, wound healing, and cell migration.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/odi.12816","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Histatin-1","slug":"histatin-1"}},{"title":"Expression of human salivary histatin and cystatin/histatin chimeric cDNAs in Escherichia coli.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1177/10454411930040034501","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Histatin-1","slug":"histatin-1"}},{"title":"Histatin-1 Attenuates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Signaling in RAW264.7 Macrophages.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/ijms22157856","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Histatin-1","slug":"histatin-1"}},{"title":"The secrets of dermcidin action.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.12.012","pubmedId":"25596890","peptide":{"commonName":"Dermcidin-1L","slug":"dermcidin-1l"}},{"title":"Interactions of histatin-3 and histatin-5 with actin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1186/s12858-017-0078-0","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Histatin-3","slug":"histatin-3"}},{"title":"Histatin-Photodynamic Therapy for Polyene-Resistant Biofilms in a 3D Model.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1177/00220345251392876","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Histatin-3","slug":"histatin-3"}},{"title":"Expression of human salivary histatin and cystatin/histatin chimeric cDNAs in Escherichia coli.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1177/10454411930040034501","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Histatin-3","slug":"histatin-3"}},{"title":"Binding, internalisation and degradation of histatin 3 in histatin-resistant derivatives of Candida albicans.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0378-1097(03)00121-6","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Histatin-3","slug":"histatin-3"}},{"title":"Cell-penetrating peptides in oncologic pharmacotherapy: A review.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105231","pubmedId":"33027717","peptide":{"commonName":"Magainin 2","slug":"magainin-2"}},{"title":"Antibacterial effects of lactoferricin B.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1080/003655499750006245","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Lactoferricin B","slug":"lactoferricin-b"}},{"title":"Lactoferricin B Combined with Antibiotics Exhibits Leukemic Selectivity and Antimicrobial Activity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/molecules29030678","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Lactoferricin B","slug":"lactoferricin-b"}},{"title":"Lactoferricin B reverses cisplatin resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells through targeting PD-L1.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/cam4.1529","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Lactoferricin B","slug":"lactoferricin-b"}},{"title":"Salivary histatin-5 and oral fungal colonisation in HIV+ individuals.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01602.x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Histatin-5","slug":"histatin-5"}},{"title":"Effects of histatin 5 modifications on antifungal activity and kinetics of proteolysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/pro.3767","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Histatin-5","slug":"histatin-5"}},{"title":"Interactions of histatin-3 and histatin-5 with actin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1186/s12858-017-0078-0","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Histatin-5","slug":"histatin-5"}},{"title":"Histatin 5 Metallopeptides and Their Potential against Candida albicans Pathogenicity and Drug Resistance.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/biom11081209","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Histatin-5","slug":"histatin-5"}},{"title":"The Study of Antistaphylococcal Potential of Omiganan and Retro-Omiganan Under Flow Conditions.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s12602-023-10197-w","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Omiganan","slug":"omiganan"}},{"title":"Liposomes encapsulating novel antimicrobial peptide Omiganan: Characterization and its pharmacodynamic evaluation in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis mice model.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122045","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Omiganan","slug":"omiganan"}},{"title":"Omiganan pentahydrochloride in the front line of clinical applications of antimicrobial peptides.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2174/157489106777452638","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Omiganan","slug":"omiganan"}},{"title":"In vitro biological activities of magainin alone or in combination with nisin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2005.11.008","pubmedId":"16356589","peptide":{"commonName":"Magainin 1","slug":"magainin-1"}},{"title":"Functional and structural characterization of recombinant dermcidin-1L, a human antimicrobial peptide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.12.143","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Dermcidin-1L","slug":"dermcidin-1l"}},{"title":"Structural basis for the bacterial membrane insertion of dermcidin peptide, DCD-1L.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-017-13600-z","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Dermcidin-1L","slug":"dermcidin-1l"}},{"title":"Motixafortide: First Approval.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s40265-023-01962-w","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Motixafortide","slug":"motixafortide"}},{"title":"Motixafortide Acetate.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1093/ajhp/zxad253","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Motixafortide","slug":"motixafortide"}},{"title":"Molecular Mechanisms of Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas Interactions in Cystic Fibrosis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2021.824042","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Lactoferricin B","slug":"lactoferricin-b"}},{"title":"Indolicidin revisited: biological activity, potential applications and perspectives of an antimicrobial peptide not yet fully explored.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s11274-022-03227-2","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Indolicidin","slug":"indolicidin"}},{"title":"Synergistic Activity of Indolicidin and Tigecycline Against Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii Clinical Isolates.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.33594/000000759","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Indolicidin","slug":"indolicidin"}},{"title":"Nanosystems for delivery of indolicidin peptide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3389/fmedt.2026.1845120","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Indolicidin","slug":"indolicidin"}},{"title":"Anticancer activities of bovine and human lactoferricin-derived peptides.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1139/bcb-2016-0175","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Human lactoferricin","slug":"lactoferricin-h"}},{"title":"Bovine Lactoferrampin, Human Lactoferricin, and Lactoferrin 1-11 Inhibit Nuclear Translocation of HIV Integrase.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s12010-016-2059-y","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Human lactoferricin","slug":"lactoferricin-h"}},{"title":"The anti-papillomavirus activity of human and bovine lactoferricin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.antiviral.2007.03.012","pubmedId":"17481742","peptide":{"commonName":"Human lactoferricin","slug":"lactoferricin-h"}},{"title":"Multifunctional poloxamer-based thermo-responsive hydrogel loaded with human lactoferricin niosomes: In vitro study on anti-bacterial activity, accelerate wound healing, and anti-inflammation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100291","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Human lactoferricin","slug":"lactoferricin-h"}},{"title":"CXCR4 as a therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41375-024-02326-3","pubmedId":"39261603","peptide":{"commonName":"Motixafortide","slug":"motixafortide"}},{"title":"Pharmacologic properties, metabolism, and disposition of linaclotide, a novel therapeutic peptide approved for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and chronic idiopathic constipation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1124/jpet.112.199430","pubmedId":"23090647","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide active metabolite MM-419447","slug":"linaclotide-metabolite-mm-419447"}},{"title":"Cardiovascular Effects and Tolerability of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 99,599 Patients.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.jacc.2025.08.027","pubmedId":"40892610","peptide":{"commonName":"Efpeglenatide","slug":"efpeglenatide"}},{"title":"Atomic force spectroscopy with magainin 1 functionalized tips and biomimetic supported lipid membranes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00249-021-01580-y","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Magainin 1","slug":"magainin-1"}},{"title":"Magainin-induced cytotoxicity in eukaryotic cells: kinetics, dose-response and channel characteristics.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0005-2736(95)00204-9","pubmedId":"8541286","peptide":{"commonName":"Magainin 1","slug":"magainin-1"}},{"title":"Anurans against SARS-CoV-2: A review of the potential antiviral action of anurans cutaneous peptides.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198769","pubmedId":"35430319","peptide":{"commonName":"Magainin 1","slug":"magainin-1"}},{"title":"Unravelling the mechanisms causing murepavadin resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: lipopolysaccharide alterations and its consequences.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3389/fcimb.2024.1446626","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Murepavadin","slug":"murepavadin"}},{"title":"Indolicidin analogs with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and low hemolytic activity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170356","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Indolicidin","slug":"indolicidin"}},{"title":"A host defense peptide mimetic, brilacidin, potentiates caspofungin antifungal activity against human pathogenic fungi.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-023-37573-y","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Brilacidin","slug":"brilacidin"}},{"title":"Busting Cryptococcus with brilacidin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01081-7","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Brilacidin","slug":"brilacidin"}},{"title":"Brilacidin, a COVID-19 drug candidate, demonstrates broad-spectrum antiviral activity against human coronaviruses OC43, 229E, and NL63 through targeting both the virus and the host cell.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/jmv.27616","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Brilacidin","slug":"brilacidin"}},{"title":"Pexiganan acetate.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2165/00003495-199856060-00011","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pexiganan","slug":"pexiganan"}},{"title":"In Vitro Activity of Pexiganan and 10 Comparator Antimicrobials against 234 Isolates, Including 93 Pasteurella Species and 50 Anaerobic Bacterial Isolates Recovered from Animal Bite Wounds.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1128/aac.00246-17","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pexiganan","slug":"pexiganan"}},{"title":"Structure, membrane orientation, mechanism, and function of pexiganan--a highly potent antimicrobial peptide designed from magainin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.10.009","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pexiganan","slug":"pexiganan"}},{"title":"Targeting the CXCR4/CXCL12 Axis to Overcome Drug Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/cells14181482","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Balixafortide","slug":"balixafortide"}},{"title":"Brilacidin, a novel antifungal agent against Cryptococcus neoformans.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1128/mbio.01031-24","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Brilacidin","slug":"brilacidin"}},{"title":"Plerixafor: what we still have to learn.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1517/14712598.2015.971750","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Plerixafor","slug":"plerixafor"}},{"title":"Physiology and pharmacology of plerixafor.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1159/000354132","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Plerixafor","slug":"plerixafor"}},{"title":"Uroguanylin and guanylin peptides: pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.pharmthera.2004.08.007","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Guanylin","slug":"guanylin"}},{"title":"Mechanisms of action of uroguanylin and guanylin and their role in salt handling.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1093/ndt/gfl314","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Guanylin","slug":"guanylin"}},{"title":"Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Murepavadin in Neutropenic Mouse Models.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1128/aac.01699-18","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Murepavadin","slug":"murepavadin"}},{"title":"Murepavadin antimicrobial activity against and resistance development in cystic fibrosis Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1093/jac/dkaa529","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Murepavadin","slug":"murepavadin"}},{"title":"Epidemiology and Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1128/cmr.00031-19","pubmedId":"31462403","peptide":{"commonName":"Murepavadin","slug":"murepavadin"}},{"title":"Integrins in cancer: biological implications and therapeutic opportunities.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/nrc2748","pubmedId":"20029421","peptide":{"commonName":"Cilengitide","slug":"cilengitide"}},{"title":"Comparison of the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists on cardiovascular events and risk factors: A review and network meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/dom.16228","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Efpeglenatide","slug":"efpeglenatide"}},{"title":"Efruxifermin in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2a trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41591-021-01425-3","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Efruxifermin","slug":"efruxifermin"}},{"title":"Efruxifermin in Compensated Liver Cirrhosis Caused by MASH.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa2502242","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Efruxifermin","slug":"efruxifermin"}},{"title":"At the Bedside: Profiling and treating patients with CXCR4-expressing cancers.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/jlb.5bt1219-714r","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Balixafortide","slug":"balixafortide"}},{"title":"Clinical significance of chemokine receptor antagonists.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1080/17425255.2020.1711884","pubmedId":"31903790","peptide":{"commonName":"Balixafortide","slug":"balixafortide"}},{"title":"CXCR4 inhibitors: tumor vasculature and therapeutic challenges.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2174/157489212801820039","pubmedId":"22376154","peptide":{"commonName":"Balixafortide","slug":"balixafortide"}},{"title":"Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Volixibat, an IBAT Inhibitor, in Patients With Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/liv.70523","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Volixibat","slug":"volixibat"}},{"title":"Spatial-reprogramming derived GPNMB(+) macrophages interact with COL6A3(+) fibroblasts to enhance vascular fibrosis in glioblastoma.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1186/s13073-025-01553-2","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Cilengitide","slug":"cilengitide"}},{"title":"Inhibition of TGFβ1 activation prevents radiation-induced lung fibrosis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/ctm2.1546","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Cilengitide","slug":"cilengitide"}},{"title":"ITGA5-expressing tumor cells interact with Schwann cells to drive nerve growth factor-mediated immunosuppression of NK cells.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.ymthe.2025.07.043","pubmedId":"40734271","peptide":{"commonName":"Cilengitide","slug":"cilengitide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of a biased GLP-1 receptor agonist ecnoglutide in adults with overweight or obesity: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(25)00141-x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Ecnoglutide","slug":"ecnoglutide"}},{"title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of efruxifermin's efficacy in improving liver fibrosis in patients with NASH/MASH.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3389/fphar.2025.1594091","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Efruxifermin","slug":"efruxifermin"}},{"title":"Uroguanylin and guanylin peptides: pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.pharmthera.2004.08.007","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Uroguanylin","slug":"uroguanylin"}},{"title":"The guanylin and uroguanylin peptide hormones and their receptors.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1159/000148015","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Uroguanylin","slug":"uroguanylin"}},{"title":"Assessment of the Drug-Drug Interaction Potential of Lotiglipron (PF-07081532) with Midazolam, Omeprazole, Dabigatran, Rosuvastatin, and the Oral Contraceptives Levonorgestrel and Ethinyl Estradiol.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/jcph.70158","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Lotiglipron","slug":"lotiglipron"}},{"title":"Volixibat in adults with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: 24-week interim analysis from a randomized, phase II study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.jhep.2020.03.024","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Volixibat","slug":"volixibat"}},{"title":"A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1 study of the safety, tolerability and pharmacodynamics of volixibat in overweight and obese but otherwise healthy adults: implications for treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1186/s40360-018-0200-y","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Volixibat","slug":"volixibat"}},{"title":"Apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter inhibition with volixibat improves metabolic aspects and components of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0218459","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Volixibat","slug":"volixibat"}},{"title":"STA-MCA bypass.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00701-012-1412-3","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Heat-stable enterotoxin STa","slug":"heat-stable-enterotoxin-sta"}},{"title":"The guanylin and uroguanylin peptide hormones and their receptors.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1159/000148015","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Guanylin","slug":"guanylin"}},{"title":"Human gastrointestinal epithelia of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum resolved at single-cell resolution.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108819","pubmedId":"33691112","peptide":{"commonName":"Guanylin","slug":"guanylin"}},{"title":"Bremelanotide for hypoactive sexual desire syndrome in pre-menopausal women","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.nsa.2023.103648","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Discovery of ecnoglutide - A novel, long-acting, cAMP-biased glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101762","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Ecnoglutide","slug":"ecnoglutide"}},{"title":"Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Ecnoglutide in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/edm2.70217","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Ecnoglutide","slug":"ecnoglutide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of cAMP signalling-biased GLP-1 analogue ecnoglutide monotherapy versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes (EECOH-1): a multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-68165-7","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Ecnoglutide","slug":"ecnoglutide"}},{"title":"Do soft tissue augmentation techniques provide stable and favorable peri-implant conditions in the medium and long term? A systematic review.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/clr.14150","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Heat-stable enterotoxin STa","slug":"heat-stable-enterotoxin-sta"}},{"title":"From Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin to mammalian endogenous guanylin hormones.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1590/1414-431x20133063","pubmedId":"24652326","peptide":{"commonName":"Heat-stable enterotoxin STa","slug":"heat-stable-enterotoxin-sta"}},{"title":"Pharmacologic action of Escherichia coli heat-stable (STa) enterotoxin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/1056-8719(92)90049-7","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Heat-stable enterotoxin STa","slug":"heat-stable-enterotoxin-sta"}},{"title":"Randomized, Controlled Trial of the FGF21 Analogue Pegozafermin in NASH.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa2304286","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pegozafermin","slug":"pegozafermin"}},{"title":"Evaluation of an oral small-molecule glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, lotiglipron, for type 2 diabetes and obesity: A dose-ranging, phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/dom.16005","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Lotiglipron","slug":"lotiglipron"}},{"title":"Once-daily oral small-molecule glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist lotiglipron (PF-07081532) for type 2 diabetes and obesity: Two randomized, placebo-controlled, multiple-ascending-dose Phase 1 studies.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/dom.15643","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Lotiglipron","slug":"lotiglipron"}},{"title":"\"Next-in-class\" GLP-1R Danuglipron- and Lotiglipron-like Agonists: A Patent Review (2020-2024).","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2174/0109298673366258250710101146","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Lotiglipron","slug":"lotiglipron"}},{"title":"Amycretin, a novel, unimolecular GLP-1 and amylin receptor agonist administered subcutaneously: results from a phase 1b/2a randomised controlled study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(25)01185-7","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Amycretin","slug":"amycretin"}},{"title":"Dapiglutide, a dual GLP-1 and GLP-2 receptor agonist, for obesity: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-group, proof-of-concept trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.eclinm.2026.103801","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Dapiglutide","slug":"dapiglutide"}},{"title":"(033) Examining the Neuroanatomical Basis of Bremelanotide, a Drug for Low Sexual Desire in Women","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1093/jsxmed/qdad061.033","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Pegozafermin Is a Potential Master Therapeutic Regulator in Metabolic Disorders: A Review.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1097/crd.0000000000000625","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pegozafermin","slug":"pegozafermin"}},{"title":"The Novel GlycoPEGylated FGF21 Analog Pegozafermin Activates Human FGF Receptors and Improves Metabolic and Liver Outcomes in Diabetic Monkeys and Healthy Human Volunteers.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1124/jpet.123.001618","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pegozafermin","slug":"pegozafermin"}},{"title":"NAFLD and NASH: etiology, targets and emerging therapies.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103910","pubmedId":"38301798","peptide":{"commonName":"Pegozafermin","slug":"pegozafermin"}},{"title":"(020) Real-World Use of Bremelanotide in One Sexual Medicine Clinic Treating Women with Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1093/jsxmed/qdad061.020","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Resolution of NASH and hepatic fibrosis by the GLP-1R/GcgR dual-agonist Cotadutide via modulating mitochondrial function and lipogenesis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s42255-020-0209-6","pubmedId":"32478287","peptide":{"commonName":"Cotadutide","slug":"cotadutide"}},{"title":"Beinaglutide for weight management in Chinese individuals with overweight or obesity: A phase 3 randomized controlled clinical study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/dom.15360","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Beinaglutide","slug":"beinaglutide"}},{"title":"The efficacy and safety of beinaglutide alone or in combination with insulin glargine in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are inadequately controlled with oral antihyperglycemic therapy: A multicenter, open-label, randomized trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.13483","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Beinaglutide","slug":"beinaglutide"}},{"title":"Expression of Concern: Salvage of Sildenafil Failures With Bremelanotide: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1097/ju.0000000000003117","pubmedId":"36626345","peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"The effect of amycretin, a unimolecular glucagon-like peptide-1 and amylin receptor agonist, on body weight and metabolic dysfunction in mice and rats.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105862","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Amycretin","slug":"amycretin"}},{"title":"Novel GLP-1-based Medications for Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1210/endrev/bnaf036","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Amycretin","slug":"amycretin"}},{"title":"Beyond weight loss: multisystem benefits of obesity medications.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00100-2","pubmedId":"42208956","peptide":{"commonName":"Amycretin","slug":"amycretin"}},{"title":"Harmine and exendin-4 combination therapy safely expands human β cell mass in vivo in a mouse xenograft system.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1126/scitranslmed.adg3456","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Exendin-4","slug":"exendin-4"}},{"title":"Effect of Benaglutide on Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolites in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2147/dmso.s418757","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Benaglutide","slug":"benaglutide"}},{"title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of four glucagon-like peptide-1 or glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for the treatment of adult patients with overweight and obesity in China.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/dom.16581","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Benaglutide","slug":"benaglutide"}},{"title":"A phase 2, adaptive randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, 52-week study of HM15211 in patients with biopsy-confirmed non-alcoholic steatohepatitis - Study design and rationale of HM-TRIA-201 study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.cct.2023.107176","pubmedId":"37028504","peptide":{"commonName":"Efocipegtrutide","slug":"efocipegtrutide"}},{"title":"Comparison of the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists on cardiovascular events and risk factors: A review and network meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/dom.16228","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Taspoglutide","slug":"taspoglutide"}},{"title":"Structure and dynamics of semaglutide- and taspoglutide-bound GLP-1R-Gs complexes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109374","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Taspoglutide","slug":"taspoglutide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of taspoglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin plus pioglitazone over 24 weeks: T-Emerge 3 trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2011-3253","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Taspoglutide","slug":"taspoglutide"}},{"title":"Cardiovascular safety of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist taspoglutide in people with type 2 diabetes: an individual participant data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/dom.12448","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Taspoglutide","slug":"taspoglutide"}},{"title":"The effects of Beinaglutide on obesity and related factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1080/17446651.2025.2491404","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Beinaglutide","slug":"beinaglutide"}},{"title":"Obesity in China: current progress and future prospects.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(25)00357-2","pubmedId":"41389801","peptide":{"commonName":"Beinaglutide","slug":"beinaglutide"}},{"title":"Safety and efficacy of the new, oral, small-molecule, GLP-1 receptor agonists orforglipron and danuglipron for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155710","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Danuglipron","slug":"danuglipron"}},{"title":"Exendin-4 Prevents oxLDL-Induced upregulation of TREM2 and attenuates foam cell formation and inflammation in Macrophages.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.bcp.2025.117306","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Exendin-4","slug":"exendin-4"}},{"title":"Exendin-4 analogs in insulinoma theranostics.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/jlcr.3750","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Exendin-4","slug":"exendin-4"}},{"title":"QUESTION 1: Can mini-glucagon be used to manage hypoglycaemia as an outpatient?","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1136/archdischild-2015-309202","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Mini-glucagon","slug":"mini-glucagon"}},{"title":"Nonaqueous, Mini-Dose Glucagon for Treatment of Mild Hypoglycemia in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Dose-Seeking Study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2337/dc15-2124","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Mini-glucagon","slug":"mini-glucagon"}},{"title":"A Health Technology Assessment Based on Chinese Guidelines: Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Complicated with Cardiovascular Disease.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2147/tcrm.s375067","pubmedId":"36065167","peptide":{"commonName":"Benaglutide","slug":"benaglutide"}},{"title":"Health Technology Assessment: Evaluation of 7 Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2147/rmhp.s455897","pubmedId":"38680477","peptide":{"commonName":"Benaglutide","slug":"benaglutide"}},{"title":"Orforglipron, an Oral Small-Molecule GLP-1 Receptor Agonist for Obesity Treatment.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa2511774","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Orforglipron","slug":"orforglipron"}},{"title":"Orforglipron, an Oral Small-Molecule GLP-1 Receptor Agonist, in Early Type 2 Diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa2505669","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Orforglipron","slug":"orforglipron"}},{"title":"Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32261-x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Albiglutide","slug":"albiglutide"}},{"title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes - state-of-the-art.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101102","pubmedId":"33068776","peptide":{"commonName":"Albiglutide","slug":"albiglutide"}},{"title":"Cardiovascular, mortality, and kidney outcomes with GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(19)30249-9","pubmedId":"31422062","peptide":{"commonName":"Albiglutide","slug":"albiglutide"}},{"title":"PD52-03 USE OF THE CNS AGENT BREMELANOTIDE IN MEN WITH SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION: RESULTS FROM A SEXUAL MEDICINE CLINIC","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1097/01.ju.0001009412.04863.1b.03","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"The efficacy and safety of danuglipron and orforglipron in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1646956","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Danuglipron","slug":"danuglipron"}},{"title":"Development of Petrelintide: a Potent, Stable, Long-Acting Human Amylin Analogue.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5c01185","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Petrelintide","slug":"petrelintide"}},{"title":"Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Petrelintide for Weight Management: Two Randomized, Controlled Phase 1 Trials.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/dom.70753","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Petrelintide","slug":"petrelintide"}},{"title":"Cardiovascular Effects and Tolerability of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 99,599 Patients.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.jacc.2025.08.027","pubmedId":"40892610","peptide":{"commonName":"Albiglutide","slug":"albiglutide"}},{"title":"Once-Monthly Maridebart Cafraglutide for the Treatment of Obesity - A Phase 2 Trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa2504214","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Maridebart cafraglutide","slug":"maridebart-cafraglutide"}},{"title":"Novel GLP-1-based Medications for Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1210/endrev/bnaf036","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Maridebart cafraglutide","slug":"maridebart-cafraglutide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of GLP-1 Medicines for Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2337/dci24-0003","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Maridebart cafraglutide","slug":"maridebart-cafraglutide"}},{"title":"The glucagon-miniglucagon interplay: a new level in the metabolic regulation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1196/annals.1317.005","pubmedId":"16888159","peptide":{"commonName":"Mini-glucagon","slug":"mini-glucagon"}},{"title":"Miniglucagon (glucagon 19-29): a novel regulator of the pancreatic islet physiology.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2337/diabetes.51.2.406","pubmedId":"11812748","peptide":{"commonName":"Mini-glucagon","slug":"mini-glucagon"}},{"title":"UDP-glucose, cereblon-dependent proinsulin degrader.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-022-18902-5","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Proinsulin","slug":"proinsulin"}},{"title":"Proinsulin regulators identified with CRISPR screen and in vivo mouse QTL mapping.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-026-71726-z","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Proinsulin","slug":"proinsulin"}},{"title":"Daily Oral GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Orforglipron for Adults with Obesity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa2302392","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Orforglipron","slug":"orforglipron"}},{"title":"Emerging pharmacotherapies for obesity: A systematic review.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1124/pharmrev.123.001045","pubmedId":"39952695","peptide":{"commonName":"Orforglipron","slug":"orforglipron"}},{"title":"Eloralintide, a selective, long-acting amylin receptor agonist for treatment of obesity: Phase 1 proof of concept.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/dom.70439","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Eloralintide","slug":"eloralintide"}},{"title":"Long-acting amylin-related peptides as therapies for obesity and type 2 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2026.171480","pubmedId":"41747885","peptide":{"commonName":"Petrelintide","slug":"petrelintide"}},{"title":"Discovery of BGM1812, a Novel Dual Amylin and Calcitonin Receptor Agonist for Obesity Treatment.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5c01120","pubmedId":"40608546","peptide":{"commonName":"Petrelintide","slug":"petrelintide"}},{"title":"Noninvasive Imaging of Islet Transplants with 111In-Exendin-3 SPECT/CT.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2967/jnumed.115.166330","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Exendin-3","slug":"exendin-3"}},{"title":"Validation of (111)In-Exendin SPECT for the Determination of the β-Cell Mass in BioBreeding Diabetes-Prone Rats.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2337/db17-1312","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Exendin-3","slug":"exendin-3"}},{"title":"OSGEP regulates islet β-cell function by modulating proinsulin translation and maintaining ER stress homeostasis in mice.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-024-54905-8","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Proinsulin","slug":"proinsulin"}},{"title":"Bax Inhibitor-1 preserves pancreatic β-cell proteostasis by limiting proinsulin misfolding and programmed cell death.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41419-024-06701-x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Proinsulin","slug":"proinsulin"}},{"title":"Simultaneous quantification of davalintide, a novel amylin-mimetic peptide, and its active metabolite in beagle and rat plasma by online SPE and LC-MS/MS.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.4155/bio.12.184","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Davalintide","slug":"davalintide"}},{"title":"Amyloidogenicity of peptides targeting diabetes and obesity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112157","pubmedId":"34715595","peptide":{"commonName":"Davalintide","slug":"davalintide"}},{"title":"A GIPR antagonist conjugated to GLP-1 analogues promotes weight loss with improved metabolic parameters in preclinical and phase 1 settings.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s42255-023-00966-w","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Maridebart cafraglutide","slug":"maridebart-cafraglutide"}},{"title":"Insulin lispro.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1056/nejm199707173370307","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin lispro","slug":"insulin-lispro"}},{"title":"Insulin lispro update.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1177/014572170202800212","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin lispro","slug":"insulin-lispro"}},{"title":"Biomedical applications of nisin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/jam.13033","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Nisin","slug":"nisin"}},{"title":"Bremelanotide (Vyleesi) A Melanocortin Receptor Agonist for Treating Female Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/9781394225156.ch16","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Long-acting amylin-related peptides as therapies for obesity and type 2 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2026.171480","pubmedId":"41747885","peptide":{"commonName":"Eloralintide","slug":"eloralintide"}},{"title":"Exendin(9-39)NH(2) : Recommendations for clinical use based on a systematic literature review.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/dom.14507","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Exendin-9-39","slug":"exendin-9-39"}},{"title":"Exendin peptides.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"1574068","peptide":{"commonName":"Exendin-9-39","slug":"exendin-9-39"}},{"title":"Future Pharmacotherapy for Obesity: New Anti-obesity Drugs on the Horizon.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s13679-018-0300-4","pubmedId":"29504049","peptide":{"commonName":"Davalintide","slug":"davalintide"}},{"title":"Current Drug Targets in Obesity Pharmacotherapy - A Review.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2174/1389450118666170227153940","pubmedId":"28245771","peptide":{"commonName":"Davalintide","slug":"davalintide"}},{"title":"Glucagon modulates proliferation and differentiation of human adipose precursors.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1530/jme-19-0095","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon(1-29)","slug":"glucagon-29"}},{"title":"(035) USE OF BREMELANOTIDE IN MEN WITH SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION AT A SEXUAL MEDICINE CLINIC","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1093/jsxmed/qdae161.029","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Insulin degludec versus insulin detemir, both in combination with insulin aspart, in the treatment of pregnant women with type 1 diabetes (EXPECT): an open‑label, multinational, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00307-2","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin detemir","slug":"insulin-detemir"}},{"title":"Pharmacology of insulin detemir.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0889-8529(07)80004-1","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin detemir","slug":"insulin-detemir"}},{"title":"Insulin detemir in the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2147/vhrm.2006.2.3.277","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin detemir","slug":"insulin-detemir"}},{"title":"Apamin structure and pharmacology revisited.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3389/fphar.2022.977440","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Apamin","slug":"apamin"}},{"title":"(235) Use of Bremelanotide (Vyleesi) in Men with Sexual Dysfunctions","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1093/jsxmed/qdae001.225","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Applications of the bacteriocin, nisin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/bf00399424","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Nisin","slug":"nisin"}},{"title":"After a century of nisin research - where are we now?","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1093/femsre/fuad023","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Nisin","slug":"nisin"}},{"title":"Nisin and nisin-loaded nanoparticles: a cytotoxicity investigation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1080/03639045.2022.2111438","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Nisin","slug":"nisin"}},{"title":"Expression, purification, and PC1-mediated processing of human proglucagon, glicentin, and major proglucagon fragment.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s1046-5928(02)00653-8","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Major proglucagon fragment","slug":"major-proglucagon-fragment"}},{"title":"Parathyroid hormone and glucagon compete for binding to low affinity sites on human skin fibroblasts.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0303-7207(93)90006-6","pubmedId":"8391489","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon(1-29)","slug":"glucagon-29"}},{"title":"Circulating glucagon after total pancreatectomy in man.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/bf00282517","pubmedId":"6653943","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon(1-29)","slug":"glucagon-29"}},{"title":"Effect of glucagon on sphincter of Oddi motor activity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1159/000199875","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon(1-29)","slug":"glucagon-29"}},{"title":"The amylin superfamily: a novel grouping of biologically active polypeptides related to the insulin A-chain.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0955-2235(89)90004-5","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin A chain","slug":"insulin-a-chain"}},{"title":"Two-component system GrpP/GrpQ promotes pathogenicity of uropathogenic Escherichia coli CFT073 by upregulating type 1 fimbria.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-55982-z","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Glicentin-related pancreatic polypeptide","slug":"glicentin-related-pancreatic-polypeptide"}},{"title":"Characterization of Cytokine Treatment on Human Pancreatic Islets by Top-Down Proteomics.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/pmic.70044","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Glicentin-related pancreatic polypeptide","slug":"glicentin-related-pancreatic-polypeptide"}},{"title":"Proglucagon-Derived Peptides as Therapeutics.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2021.689678","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Glicentin-related pancreatic polypeptide","slug":"glicentin-related-pancreatic-polypeptide"}},{"title":"Fibrillation of human insulin B-chain by pulsed hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.bpj.2022.10.042","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin B chain","slug":"insulin-b-chain"}},{"title":"Apamin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0163-7258(84)90046-9","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Apamin","slug":"apamin"}},{"title":"Therapeutic Effects of Apamin as a Bee Venom Component for Non-Neoplastic Disease.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/toxins12030195","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Apamin","slug":"apamin"}},{"title":"Atrial arrhythmogenesis and electrophysiological remodeling in hypokalaemic metabolic syndrome: the role of apamin-sensitive SK channels.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1093/europace/euaf159","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Apamin","slug":"apamin"}},{"title":"Goserelin Acetate Loaded Poloxamer Hydrogel in PLGA Microspheres: Core-Shell Di-Depot Intramuscular Sustained Release Delivery System.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00344","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Goserelin acetate","slug":"goserelin-acetate"}},{"title":"Gut Peptide Alterations in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity: A Narrative Review.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s13679-026-00687-7","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Major proglucagon fragment","slug":"major-proglucagon-fragment"}},{"title":"Circulating levels of proglucagon-derived peptides are differentially regulated by the glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist liraglutide and the centrally acting naltrexone/bupropion and can predict future weight loss and metabolic improvements: A 6-month long interventional study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/dom.15141","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Major proglucagon fragment","slug":"major-proglucagon-fragment"}},{"title":"Effect of the glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue liraglutide versus placebo treatment on circulating proglucagon-derived peptides that mediate improvements in body weight, insulin secretion and action: A randomized controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/dom.14242","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Major proglucagon fragment","slug":"major-proglucagon-fragment"}},{"title":"Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of insulin glulisine.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2165/00003088-200847010-00002","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin glulisine","slug":"insulin-glulisine"}},{"title":"Insulin glulisine.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2165/00003495-200666060-00011","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin glulisine","slug":"insulin-glulisine"}},{"title":"Preoperative endocrine therapy with goserelin acetate and tamoxifen in hormone receptor-positive premenopausal breast cancer patients.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s12282-012-0429-z","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Goserelin acetate","slug":"goserelin-acetate"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of LY01005 versus goserelin implant in Chinese patients with prostate cancer: A multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase III, non-inferiority trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1097/cm9.0000000000002638","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Goserelin acetate","slug":"goserelin-acetate"}},{"title":"An efficient synthesis of deuterium-labeled degarelix acetate, a third-generation gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/jlcr.3567","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Degarelix acetate","slug":"degarelix-acetate"}},{"title":"The Basis for Weekly Insulin Therapy: Evolving Evidence With Insulin Icodec and Insulin Efsitora Alfa.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1210/endrev/bnad037","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin icodec","slug":"insulin-icodec"}},{"title":"Insulin aspart.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2165/00003495-199957050-00013","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin aspart","slug":"insulin-aspart"}},{"title":"Insulin degludec versus insulin detemir, both in combination with insulin aspart, in the treatment of pregnant women with type 1 diabetes (EXPECT): an open‑label, multinational, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00307-2","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin aspart","slug":"insulin-aspart"}},{"title":"Effect of tirzepatide versus insulin degludec on liver fat content and abdominal adipose tissue in people with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-3 MRI): a substudy of the randomised, open-label, parallel-group, phase 3 SURPASS-3 trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00070-5","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin degludec","slug":"insulin-degludec"}},{"title":"Once-weekly tirzepatide versus once-daily insulin degludec as add-on to metformin with or without SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-3): a randomised, open-label, parallel-group, phase 3 trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01443-4","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin degludec","slug":"insulin-degludec"}},{"title":"The Basis for Weekly Insulin Therapy: Evolving Evidence With Insulin Icodec and Insulin Efsitora Alfa.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1210/endrev/bnad037","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin efsitora alfa","slug":"insulin-efsitora-alfa"}},{"title":"Once-weekly insulin efsitora alfa versus once-daily insulin degludec in adults with type 1 diabetes (QWINT-5): a phase 3 randomised non-inferiority trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01804-x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin efsitora alfa","slug":"insulin-efsitora-alfa"}},{"title":"Evaluating once-weekly insulin efsitora alfa for adults with type 2 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1080/14656566.2026.2667324","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin efsitora alfa","slug":"insulin-efsitora-alfa"}},{"title":"Optimal Use of Once-Weekly Basal Insulin Efsitora Alfa in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.eprac.2024.12.013","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin efsitora alfa","slug":"insulin-efsitora-alfa"}},{"title":"Insulin glulisine: an evaluation of its pharmacodynamic properties and clinical application.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1345/aph.1e662","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin glulisine","slug":"insulin-glulisine"}},{"title":"Effectiveness and safety of early insulin glargine administration in combination with continuous intravenous insulin infusion in the management of diabetic ketoacidosis: A randomized controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/dom.14929","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin glargine","slug":"insulin-glargine"}},{"title":"Tirzepatide versus insulin glargine as second-line or third-line therapy in type 2 diabetes in the Asia-Pacific region: the SURPASS-AP-Combo trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41591-023-02344-1","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin glargine","slug":"insulin-glargine"}},{"title":"(177)Lu-DOTATATE for the treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1080/17474124.2019.1685381","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"DOTATATE","slug":"dotatate"}},{"title":"(177)Lu-Dotatate plus long-acting octreotide versus high‑dose long-acting octreotide in patients with midgut neuroendocrine tumours (NETTER-1): final overall survival and long-term safety results from an open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00572-6","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"DOTATATE","slug":"dotatate"}},{"title":"Phase 3 Trial of (177)Lu-Dotatate for Midgut Neuroendocrine Tumors.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa1607427","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"DOTATATE","slug":"dotatate"}},{"title":"Enzalutamide and leuprolide acetate in non-metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: the sooner the better?","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2217/fon-2023-1019","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Leuprolide acetate","slug":"leuprolide-acetate"}},{"title":"Clinical Use of Once-Weekly Insulin Icodec: Translating Clinical Trial Data into Practical Guidance for Diabetes Management.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s40265-025-02201-0","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin icodec","slug":"insulin-icodec"}},{"title":"Safety and efficacy of zilucoplan in patients with generalised myasthenia gravis (RAISE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s1474-4422(23)00080-7","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Zilucoplan","slug":"zilucoplan"}},{"title":"Changes in corticosteroid and non-steroidal immunosuppressive therapy with long-term zilucoplan treatment in generalized myasthenia gravis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00415-025-13113-0","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Zilucoplan","slug":"zilucoplan"}},{"title":"Complement inhibition in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: From biology to therapy.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/ijlh.14281","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Zilucoplan","slug":"zilucoplan"}},{"title":"More Similarities Than Differences Testing Insulin Glargine 300 Units/mL Versus Insulin Degludec 100 Units/mL in Insulin-Naive Type 2 Diabetes: The Randomized Head-to-Head BRIGHT Trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2337/dc18-0559","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin glargine","slug":"insulin-glargine"}},{"title":"Multiple Cell Signalling Pathways of Human Proinsulin C-Peptide in Vasculopathy Protection.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/ijms21020645","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Human proinsulin C-peptide","slug":"human-proinsulin-c-peptide"}},{"title":"Solution structure of human proinsulin C-peptide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04843.x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Human proinsulin C-peptide","slug":"human-proinsulin-c-peptide"}},{"title":"Human proinsulin C-peptide reduces high glucose-induced proliferation and NF-kappaB activation in vascular smooth muscle cells.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.12.060","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Human proinsulin C-peptide","slug":"human-proinsulin-c-peptide"}},{"title":"A prospective randomized comparison of routine buserelin acetate and a decreasing dosage of nafarelin acetate with a low-dose gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist protocol for in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0015-0282(01)01977-x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Nafarelin acetate","slug":"nafarelin-acetate"}},{"title":"Comparison between nafarelin acetate and D-Trp6-LHRH for temporary pituitary suppression in in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients: a prospective crossover study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/bf02212899","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Nafarelin acetate","slug":"nafarelin-acetate"}},{"title":"Clinical characteristics and treatment patterns with histrelin acetate subcutaneous implants vs. leuprolide injections in children with precocious puberty: a real-world study using a US claims database.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1515/jpem-2020-0721","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Histrelin acetate","slug":"histrelin-acetate"}},{"title":"Long-term efficacy and tolerability of abdominal once-yearly histrelin acetate subcutaneous implants in patients with advanced prostate cancer.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1155/2014/490315","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Histrelin acetate","slug":"histrelin-acetate"}},{"title":"A review of the use of histrelin acetate in the treatment of prostate cancer.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/j.1464-410x.2009.08384.x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Histrelin acetate","slug":"histrelin-acetate"}},{"title":"LBA02-09 EMBARK: A Phase 3 Randomized Study of Enzalutamide or Placebo Plus Leuprolide Acetate and Enzalutamide Monotherapy in High-risk Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1097/ju.0000000000003518","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Leuprolide acetate","slug":"leuprolide-acetate"}},{"title":"Clinical outcomes of leuprolide acetate in the treatment of recurrent ovarian granulosa cell tumors.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.ajog.2023.02.029","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Leuprolide acetate","slug":"leuprolide-acetate"}},{"title":"Leuprolide acetate: a drug of diverse clinical applications.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1517/13543784.16.11.1851","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Leuprolide acetate","slug":"leuprolide-acetate"}},{"title":"Identification and structural elucidation of a new cetrorelix methylene dimer impurity in cetrorelix acetate by using LC-MS/MS.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2021.113946","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Cetrorelix acetate","slug":"cetrorelix-acetate"}},{"title":"[Synthesis and pharmacological action of TRH analog peptide (Taltirelin)].","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1254/fpj.110.supplement_33","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Taltirelin","slug":"taltirelin"}},{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Taltirelin Hydrate in Patients With Ataxia Due to Spinocerebellar Degeneration.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.14802/jmd.24127","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Taltirelin","slug":"taltirelin"}},{"title":"Optical and pharmacological manipulation of hypoglossal motor nucleus identifies differential effects of taltirelin on sleeping tonic motor activity and responsiveness.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-023-39562-z","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Taltirelin","slug":"taltirelin"}},{"title":"Are thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and analog taltirelin viable reversal agents of opioid-induced respiratory depression?","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/prp2.974","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Taltirelin","slug":"taltirelin"}},{"title":"Comparison of triptorelin acetate vs triptorelin pamoate in the treatment of Central precocious puberty (CPP): a retrospective study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1080/09513590.2019.1655726","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Triptorelin pamoate","slug":"triptorelin-pamoate"}},{"title":"Testosterone nadir and clinical outcomes in patients with advanced prostate cancer: Post hoc analysis of triptorelin pamoate Phase III studies.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/bco2.318","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Triptorelin pamoate","slug":"triptorelin-pamoate"}},{"title":"Immunocytogenetic effects of gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue: Triptorelin Pamoate (Decapeptyl) during in vitro fertilization treatment.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1177/096032706072462","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Triptorelin pamoate","slug":"triptorelin-pamoate"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of newly developed ganirelix acetate in infertile women for assisted reproductive technology: a prospective, randomised, controlled study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1080/01443615.2022.2036955","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Ganirelix acetate","slug":"ganirelix-acetate"}},{"title":"GnRH antagonist treatment of malignant adrenocortical tumors.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1530/erc-17-0399","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Cetrorelix acetate","slug":"cetrorelix-acetate"}},{"title":"Role of Muramyl Dipeptide in Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Biological Activity and Osteoclast Activity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1155/2018/8047610","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Muramyl dipeptide","slug":"muramyl-dipeptide"}},{"title":"Muramyl dipeptide CD10 monoclonal antibody immunoconjugates inhibited acute leukemia in nude mice.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1042/bsr20222668","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Muramyl dipeptide","slug":"muramyl-dipeptide"}},{"title":"Romidepsin Plus CHOP Versus CHOP in Patients With Previously Untreated Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma: Results of the Ro-CHOP Phase III Study (Conducted by LYSA).","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1200/jco.21.01815","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Romidepsin","slug":"romidepsin"}},{"title":"Pentagastrin test for anxiety--psychophysiology and personality.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00213-002-1316-7","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pentagastrin","slug":"pentagastrin"}},{"title":"Pentagastrin infusions in patients with panic disorder. II. Neuroendocrinology.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0006-3223(94)91188-6","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pentagastrin","slug":"pentagastrin"}},{"title":"Biphasic development of pentagastrin sensitivity in rat stomach.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1152/ajpgi.1982.242.2.g111","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pentagastrin","slug":"pentagastrin"}},{"title":"Gastric mucosal cell proliferation during development in rats and effects of pentagastrin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1152/ajpgi.1982.242.2.g135","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pentagastrin","slug":"pentagastrin"}},{"title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of [(177)Lu]Lu-edotreotide ([(177)Lu]Lu-DOTATOC) for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/jne.70103","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Edotreotide","slug":"edotreotide"}},{"title":"[(177)Lu]Lu-edotreotide versus everolimus for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (COMPETE): a phase 3, multicentre, randomised, open-label, superiority trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(26)00604-5","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Edotreotide","slug":"edotreotide"}},{"title":"A Randomized clinical trial evaluating the impact on survival and quality of life of (177)Lutetium[Lu]-edotreotide versus everolimus in patients with neuroendocrine tumors of the lung and thymus: the LEVEL study (GETNE T-2217).","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1186/s12885-025-13941-3","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Edotreotide","slug":"edotreotide"}},{"title":"Dalbavancin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2165/00003495-200868050-00006","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Dalbavancin","slug":"dalbavancin"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of ganirelix acetate versus leuprolide acetate in women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0015-0282(00)01638-1","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Ganirelix acetate","slug":"ganirelix-acetate"}},{"title":"Ganirelix acetate causes a rapid reduction in estradiol levels without adversely affecting oocyte maturation in women pretreated with leuprolide acetate who are at risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1093/humrep/del059","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Ganirelix acetate","slug":"ganirelix-acetate"}},{"title":"Bulevirtide Combined with Pegylated Interferon for Chronic Hepatitis D.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa2314134","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bulevirtide","slug":"bulevirtide"}},{"title":"Metastatic Meningioma: Neuroradiologic and Molecular Imaging Perspectives.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1148/rycan.250265","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Tyr3-octreotide","slug":"tyr3-octreotide"}},{"title":"Long-Term Efficacy, Survival, and Safety of [(177)Lu-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]octreotate in Patients with Gastroenteropancreatic and Bronchial Neuroendocrine Tumors.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2743","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Octreotate","slug":"octreotate"}},{"title":"Vasopressin and Its Analogues: From Natural Hormones to Multitasking Peptides.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/ijms23063068","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Lypressin","slug":"lypressin"}},{"title":"Terlipressin: vasopressin analog and novel drug for septic shock.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1345/aph.1h373","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Lypressin","slug":"lypressin"}},{"title":"Duvelisib plus romidepsin in relapsed/refractory T cell lymphomas: a phase 1b/2a trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41591-024-03076-6","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Romidepsin","slug":"romidepsin"}},{"title":"Combined oral 5-azacytidine and romidepsin are highly effective in patients with PTCL: a multicenter phase 2 study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1182/blood.2020009004","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Romidepsin","slug":"romidepsin"}},{"title":"Rituximab or Cyclosporine in the Treatment of Membranous Nephropathy.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa1814427","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Cyclosporine","slug":"cyclosporine"}},{"title":"A phase III study of belatacept-based immunosuppression regimens versus cyclosporine in renal transplant recipients (BENEFIT study).","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.03005.x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Cyclosporine","slug":"cyclosporine"}},{"title":"Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Dalbavancin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s40262-021-01088-w","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Dalbavancin","slug":"dalbavancin"}},{"title":"Dalbavancin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.37201/req/s01.07.2021","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Dalbavancin","slug":"dalbavancin"}},{"title":"Dalbavancin as sequential therapy for infective endocarditis due to Gram-positive organisms: a review.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106749","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Dalbavancin","slug":"dalbavancin"}},{"title":"Dosimetry and pharmacokinetics of [(177)Lu]Lu-satoreotide tetraxetan in patients with progressive neuroendocrine tumours.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00259-024-06682-1","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Satoreotide tetraxetan","slug":"satoreotide-tetraxetan"}},{"title":"A Phase 3, Randomized Trial of Bulevirtide in Chronic Hepatitis D.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa2213429","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bulevirtide","slug":"bulevirtide"}},{"title":"Bulevirtide: First Approval.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s40265-020-01400-1","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bulevirtide","slug":"bulevirtide"}},{"title":"Bulevirtide monotherapy in patients with chronic HDV: Efficacy and safety results through week 96 from a phase III randomized trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.jhep.2024.05.001","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bulevirtide","slug":"bulevirtide"}},{"title":"[Single dose toxicity studies of montirelin hydrate(NS-3) in mice, rats and dogs].","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2131/jts.20.supplementii_153","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Montirelin","slug":"montirelin"}},{"title":"Cyclosporine A improves the binding of mouse embryos to fibronectin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/jog.16046","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Cyclosporine","slug":"cyclosporine"}},{"title":"Daprodustat prevents cyclosporine-A-mediated anemia and peritubular capillary loss.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.kint.2022.04.025","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Cyclosporine","slug":"cyclosporine"}},{"title":"Daratumumab plus bortezomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone for transplant-ineligible or transplant-deferred newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: the randomized phase 3 CEPHEUS trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41591-024-03485-7","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bortezomib","slug":"bortezomib"}},{"title":"Daratumumab, Bortezomib, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone for Multiple Myeloma.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa2312054","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bortezomib","slug":"bortezomib"}},{"title":"A phase I/II study of the safety and efficacy of [(177)Lu]Lu-satoreotide tetraxetan in advanced somatostatin receptor-positive neuroendocrine tumours.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00259-023-06383-1","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Satoreotide tetraxetan","slug":"satoreotide-tetraxetan"}},{"title":"Phase I Trial of Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs) with Radiolabeled Somatostatin Antagonist (177)Lu-Satoreotide Tetraxetan.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1026","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Satoreotide tetraxetan","slug":"satoreotide-tetraxetan"}},{"title":"The Role of [177Lu] Lu-Satoreotide Tetraxetan in Somatostatin Receptor-Positive Neuroendocrine Tumors.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2025.07.002","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Satoreotide tetraxetan","slug":"satoreotide-tetraxetan"}},{"title":"The effects of the oral supplementation of L-Cystine associated with reduced L-Glutathione-GSH on human skin pigmentation: a randomized, double-blinded, benchmark- and placebo-controlled clinical trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/jocd.14137","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Glutathione","slug":"glutathione"}},{"title":"[Reproductive and developmental toxicity studies of montirelin hydrate (2)--Teratogenicity and postnatal study in rats by intravenous administration].","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2131/jts.20.supplementii_277","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Montirelin","slug":"montirelin"}},{"title":"[Single dose toxicity studies of metabolite, degradation product and impurity of montirelin hydrate (NS-3) in mice].","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2131/jts.20.supplementii_165","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Montirelin","slug":"montirelin"}},{"title":"Long-term therapy and retreatment of hepatorenal syndrome type 1 with ornipressin and dopamine.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/hep.510300430","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Ornipressin","slug":"ornipressin"}},{"title":"The clinical effect of glutathione on skin color and other related skin conditions: A systematic review.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/jocd.12910","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Oxidized glutathione","slug":"oxidized-glutathione"}},{"title":"Isatuximab, Bortezomib, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone for Multiple Myeloma.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa2400712","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bortezomib","slug":"bortezomib"}},{"title":"Belantamab Mafodotin, Bortezomib, and Dexamethasone for Multiple Myeloma.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa2405090","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bortezomib","slug":"bortezomib"}},{"title":"The comparative efficacy and safety of teicoplanin and vancomycin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1093/jac/37.2.209","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Teicoplanin","slug":"teicoplanin"}},{"title":"Clinical predictors of nephrotoxicity associated with teicoplanin: Meta-analysis and meta-regression.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/bcpt.13679","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Teicoplanin","slug":"teicoplanin"}},{"title":"Teicoplanin: 10 years of clinical experience.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/bf01715507","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Teicoplanin","slug":"teicoplanin"}},{"title":"Pidotimod: a reappraisal.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1177/039463200902200201","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pidotimod","slug":"pidotimod"}},{"title":"Pidotimod in allergic diseases.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.23736/s0026-4946.20.05967-8","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pidotimod","slug":"pidotimod"}},{"title":"From Legacy to Innovation: Pidotimod's Expanding Therapeutic Horizon.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.4084/mjhid.2025.057","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pidotimod","slug":"pidotimod"}},{"title":"Pidotimod: a review of its pharmacological features and clinical effectiveness in respiratory tract infections.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1080/14787210.2019.1679118","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pidotimod","slug":"pidotimod"}},{"title":"Micafungin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1345/aph.1d301","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Micafungin","slug":"micafungin"}},{"title":"Randomized controlled trial of oral glutathione supplementation on body stores of glutathione.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00394-014-0706-z","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Glutathione","slug":"glutathione"}},{"title":"Glutathione as an oral whitening agent: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3109/09546631003801619","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Glutathione","slug":"glutathione"}},{"title":"Glutathione as a skin-lightening agent and in melasma: a systematic review.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/ijd.17535","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Glutathione","slug":"glutathione"}},{"title":"An update on carnosine and anserine research.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00726-018-02689-9","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Anserine","slug":"anserine"}},{"title":"Effectiveness and Safety of Linezolid Versus Vancomycin, Teicoplanin, or Daptomycin against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/antibiotics12040697","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Teicoplanin","slug":"teicoplanin"}},{"title":"Mifamurtide in osteosarcoma--a practical review.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1358/dot.2010.46.5.1500076","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Mifamurtide","slug":"mifamurtide"}},{"title":"Tumor Immune Microenvironment-Associated Prognostic and Mifamurtide-Response Gene Signatures for Localized Osteosarcoma: A Correlative Study of the ISG/OS-2 Trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-25-0649","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Mifamurtide","slug":"mifamurtide"}},{"title":"Effectiveness of mifamurtide in addition to standard chemotherapy for high-grade osteosarcoma: a systematic review.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.11124/jbisrir-2016-003105","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Mifamurtide","slug":"mifamurtide"}},{"title":"Biochemical markers of muscular damage.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1515/cclm.2010.179","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Oxidized glutathione","slug":"oxidized-glutathione"}},{"title":"Effects of vitamins C and E supplementation combined with 12-week resistance training in older women with sarcopenia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1097/md.0000000000043976","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Oxidized glutathione","slug":"oxidized-glutathione"}},{"title":"Ferroptosis Inducers in Thyroid Cancer.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00268-022-06738-z","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Oxidized glutathione","slug":"oxidized-glutathione"}},{"title":"Carnosine and homocarnosine, the forgotten, enigmatic peptides of the brain.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s11064-005-8806-z","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Homocarnosine","slug":"homocarnosine"}},{"title":"Effects of anserine on oxidative stress and on cell barrier integrity in methylmalonic aciduria.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-20600-x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Anserine","slug":"anserine"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of voclosporin versus placebo for lupus nephritis (AURORA 1): a double-blind, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00578-x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Voclosporin","slug":"voclosporin"}},{"title":"Proteasome Inhibitor Drugs.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010919-023603","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Ixazomib","slug":"ixazomib"}},{"title":"Oritavancin: A Long-Half-Life Lipoglycopeptide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1093/cid/civ311","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Oritavancin","slug":"oritavancin"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of sulbactam-durlobactam versus colistin for the treatment of patients with serious infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex: a multicentre, randomised, active-controlled, phase 3, non-inferiority clinical trial (ATTACK).","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00184-6","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Colistin","slug":"colistin"}},{"title":"Echinocandins Pharmacokinetics: A Comprehensive Review of Micafungin, Caspofungin, Anidulafungin, and Rezafungin Population Pharmacokinetic Models and Dose Optimization in Special Populations.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s40262-024-01461-5","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Micafungin","slug":"micafungin"}},{"title":"Micafungin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2165/00003495-200464090-00004","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Micafungin","slug":"micafungin"}},{"title":"Carnosine and Beta-Alanine Supplementation in Human Medicine: Narrative Review and Critical Assessment.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/nu15071770","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Carnosine","slug":"carnosine"}},{"title":"The role of Zinc L-Carnosine in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal mucosal disease in humans: a review.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.clinre.2022.101954","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Carnosine","slug":"carnosine"}},{"title":"Echinocandins Pharmacokinetics: A Comprehensive Review of Micafungin, Caspofungin, Anidulafungin, and Rezafungin Population Pharmacokinetic Models and Dose Optimization in Special Populations.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s40262-024-01461-5","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Anidulafungin","slug":"anidulafungin"}},{"title":"Anidulafungin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2165/00003495-200464190-00011","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Anidulafungin","slug":"anidulafungin"}},{"title":"Charybdotoxin-sensitive, Ca(2+)-dependent membrane potential changes are not involved in human T or B cell activation and proliferation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.4049/jimmunol.147.10.3452","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Charybdotoxin","slug":"charybdotoxin"}},{"title":"Carnosinases, their substrates and diseases.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/molecules19022299","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Homocarnosine","slug":"homocarnosine"}},{"title":"Clinical pharmacology of vigabatrin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2125.1989.tb03456.x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Homocarnosine","slug":"homocarnosine"}},{"title":"Pharmacological reprogramming of plitidepsin as a SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.mam.2025.101412","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Plitidepsin","slug":"plitidepsin"}},{"title":"Plitidepsin: design, development, and potential place in therapy.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2147/dddt.s94165","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Plitidepsin","slug":"plitidepsin"}},{"title":"Physiology and pathophysiology of carnosine.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1152/physrev.00039.2012","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Carnosine","slug":"carnosine"}},{"title":"Carnosine and bone (Review).","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3892/mmr.2022.12899","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Carnosine","slug":"carnosine"}},{"title":"Glycyl-l-glutamine attenuates NPY-induced hyperphagia via the melanocortin system.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135303","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Glycyl-L-glutamine","slug":"glycyl-l-glutamine"}},{"title":"Alpha-conotoxin MII blocks nicotine-stimulated dopamine release in rat striatal synaptosomes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.17-14-05263.1997","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Alpha-conotoxin ImI","slug":"alpha-conotoxin-imi"}},{"title":"Blockade of Human α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor by α-Conotoxin ImI Dendrimer: Insight from Computational Simulations.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/md17050303","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Alpha-conotoxin ImI","slug":"alpha-conotoxin-imi"}},{"title":"NMDA receptor subunit-dependent modulation by conantokin-G and Ala7-conantokin-G.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03574.x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Conantokin-G","slug":"conantokin-g"}},{"title":"Population pharmacokinetics meta-analysis of plitidepsin (Aplidin) in cancer subjects.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00280-008-0841-4","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Plitidepsin","slug":"plitidepsin"}},{"title":"Plitidepsin: Mechanisms and Clinical Profile of a Promising Antiviral Agent against COVID-19.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/jpm11070668","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Plitidepsin","slug":"plitidepsin"}},{"title":"Fidaxomicin versus vancomycin for Clostridium difficile infection.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa0910812","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Vancomycin","slug":"vancomycin"}},{"title":"Epidemiology and outcomes of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.jhin.2023.09.008","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Vancomycin","slug":"vancomycin"}},{"title":"Carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone for relapsed multiple myeloma.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa1411321","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Carfilzomib","slug":"carfilzomib"}},{"title":"Caspofungin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1358/dot.2002.38.12.820101","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Caspofungin","slug":"caspofungin"}},{"title":"Isatuximab, carfilzomib, and dexamethasone in relapsed multiple myeloma (IKEMA): a multicentre, open-label, randomised phase 3 trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00592-4","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Carfilzomib","slug":"carfilzomib"}},{"title":"RESTORE-IMI 1: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind Trial Comparing Efficacy and Safety of Imipenem/Relebactam vs Colistin Plus Imipenem in Patients With Imipenem-nonsusceptible Bacterial Infections.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1093/cid/ciz530","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Colistin","slug":"colistin"}},{"title":"Colistin alone versus colistin plus meropenem for treatment of severe infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: an open-label, randomised controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30099-9","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Colistin","slug":"colistin"}},{"title":"Plasmid-mediated colistin-resistance genes: mcr.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.tim.2023.10.006","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Colistin","slug":"colistin"}},{"title":"Chemical synthesis of dendrotoxin-I: revision of the reported structure.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/j.1399-3011.1998.tb01226.x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Dendrotoxin I","slug":"dendrotoxin-i"}},{"title":"Conantokins: peptide antagonists of NMDA receptors.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2174/0929867043363901","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Conantokin-G","slug":"conantokin-g"}},{"title":"Determination of the solution structures of conantokin-G and conantokin-T by CD and NMR spectroscopy.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1074/jbc.272.4.2291","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Conantokin-G","slug":"conantokin-g"}},{"title":"Structural basis for different ω-agatoxin IVA sensitivities of the P-type and Q-type Ca(v)2.1 channels.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41422-024-00940-5","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Agatoxin IVA","slug":"agatoxin-iva"}},{"title":"Inhibition of acetylcholine release from mouse motor nerve by a P-type calcium channel blocker, omega-agatoxin IVA.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020517","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Agatoxin IVA","slug":"agatoxin-iva"}},{"title":"Rezafungin versus caspofungin for treatment of candidaemia and invasive candidiasis (ReSTORE): a multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised phase 3 trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(22)02324-8","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Caspofungin","slug":"caspofungin"}},{"title":"Clinical Use of Polymyxin B.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-16373-0_14","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Polymyxin B","slug":"polymyxin-b"}},{"title":"Polymyxin B haemoadsorption in endotoxic septic shock (Tigris): a multicentre, open-label, Bayesian, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s2213-2600(26)00047-0","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Polymyxin B","slug":"polymyxin-b"}},{"title":"Polymyxin B-induced skin hyperpigmentation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/tid.13312","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Polymyxin B","slug":"polymyxin-b"}},{"title":"RTD-1 therapeutically normalizes synovial gene signatures in rat autoimmune arthritis and suppresses proinflammatory mediators in RA synovial fibroblasts.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1152/physiolgenomics.00066.2019","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"RTD-1","slug":"rtd-1"}},{"title":"Peptide Toxins in Solitary Wasp Venoms.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/toxins8040114","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Mastoparan","slug":"mastoparan"}},{"title":"Antiviral Activities of Mastoparan-L-Derived Peptides against Human Alphaherpesvirus 1.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/v16060948","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Mastoparan","slug":"mastoparan"}},{"title":"In Silico and In Vitro Structure-Activity Relationship of Mastoparan and Its Analogs.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/molecules27020561","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Mastoparan","slug":"mastoparan"}},{"title":"Description and role in proliferation of iberiotoxin-sensitive currents in different human mammary epithelial normal and cancerous cells.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbamem.2004.10.002","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Iberiotoxin","slug":"iberiotoxin"}},{"title":"Riluzole prevents hyperexcitability produced by the mast cell degranulating peptide and dendrotoxin I in the rat.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0014-2999(91)90040-w","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Dendrotoxin I","slug":"dendrotoxin-i"}},{"title":"Daptomycin-induced eosinophilic pneumonia.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1097/01.jaa.0001005632.20281.96","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Daptomycin","slug":"daptomycin"}},{"title":"Effectiveness and Safety of Linezolid Versus Vancomycin, Teicoplanin, or Daptomycin against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/antibiotics12040697","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Daptomycin","slug":"daptomycin"}},{"title":"Characteristics of dendroaspis natriuretic peptide and its receptor in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3892/mmr.2015.3678","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Dendroaspis natriuretic peptide","slug":"dendroaspis-natriuretic-peptide"}},{"title":"Structure-activity relationships of ω-Agatoxin IVA in lipid membranes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.025","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Agatoxin IVA","slug":"agatoxin-iva"}},{"title":"Dihydropyridine block of omega-agatoxin IVA- and omega-conotoxin GVIA-sensitive Ca2+ channels in rat pituitary melanotropic cells.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0014-2999(96)00432-3","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Agatoxin IVA","slug":"agatoxin-iva"}},{"title":"Distribution in rat brain of binding sites of kaliotoxin, a blocker of Kv1.1 and Kv1.3 alpha-subunits.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0022-3565(24)35194-8","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Kaliotoxin","slug":"kaliotoxin"}},{"title":"Natriuretic peptides in cardiovascular diseases.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2478/s11658-007-0046-6","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Dendroaspis natriuretic peptide","slug":"dendroaspis-natriuretic-peptide"}},{"title":"Iberiotoxin and clofilium regulate hyperactivation, acrosome reaction, and ion homeostasis synergistically during human sperm capacitation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/mrd.23671","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Iberiotoxin","slug":"iberiotoxin"}},{"title":"Differential molecular interactions between iberiotoxin and human SLO3 and SLO1 potassium channels.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00894-025-06379-8","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Iberiotoxin","slug":"iberiotoxin"}},{"title":"Current understanding of iberiotoxin-resistant BK channels in the nervous system.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3389/fphys.2014.00382","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Iberiotoxin","slug":"iberiotoxin"}},{"title":"The synthesis, structural characterization, and receptor specificity of the alpha-conotoxin Vc1.1.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1074/jbc.m604550200","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Alpha-conotoxin Vc1.1","slug":"alpha-conotoxin-vc1-1"}},{"title":"Peptide-Membrane Interactions Affect the Inhibitory Potency and Selectivity of Spider Toxins ProTx-II and GpTx-1.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1021/acschembio.8b00989","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"ProTx-II","slug":"protx-ii"}},{"title":"Gramicidin S and melittin: potential anti-viral therapeutic peptides to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-022-07341-x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Gramicidin S","slug":"gramicidin-s"}},{"title":"Gramicidin S and polymyxins: the revival of cationic cyclic peptide antibiotics.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00018-009-0129-9","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Gramicidin S","slug":"gramicidin-s"}},{"title":"In vitro evaluation of the immunogenic potential of gramicidin S and its photocontrolled analogues.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1039/d5md00075k","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Gramicidin S","slug":"gramicidin-s"}},{"title":"Tick saliva protein Evasin-3 modulates chemotaxis by disrupting CXCL8 interactions with glycosaminoglycans and CXCR2.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1074/jbc.ra119.008902","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Evasin-3","slug":"evasin-3"}},{"title":"(227) Use of the CNS Agent Bremelanotide in Men with Sexual Dysfunction: Results from a Sexual Medicine Clinic","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1093/jsxmed/qdae001.217","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Neuropathophysiological effect and immuno-inflammatory response induced by kaliotoxin of androctonus scorpion venom.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1159/000345706","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Kaliotoxin","slug":"kaliotoxin"}},{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of kaliotoxin. Is the 26-32 sequence essential for potassium channel recognition?","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0021-9258(19)74315-4","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Kaliotoxin","slug":"kaliotoxin"}},{"title":"Neuro-Modulation of Immuno-Endocrine Response Induced by Kaliotoxin of Androctonus Scorpion Venom.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/jbt.21824","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Kaliotoxin","slug":"kaliotoxin"}},{"title":"Margatoxin Peptide: Preparation and the Potential Use for Biological Applications in Cancer and Neurological Disorders.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2174/0109298665415268251024053300","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Margatoxin","slug":"margatoxin"}},{"title":"Chlorotoxin: a helpful natural scorpion peptide to diagnose glioma and fight tumor invasion.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/toxins7041079","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Chlorotoxin","slug":"chlorotoxin"}},{"title":"Chlorotoxin-directed CAR T cell therapy for recurrent glioblastoma: Interim clinical experience demonstrating feasibility and safety.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102302","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Chlorotoxin","slug":"chlorotoxin"}},{"title":"Chlorotoxin-A Multimodal Imaging Platform for Targeting Glioma Tumors.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/toxins10120496","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Chlorotoxin","slug":"chlorotoxin"}},{"title":"Melittin-incorporated nanomedicines for enhanced cancer immunotherapy.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.08.047","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Melittin","slug":"melittin"}},{"title":"α-Conotoxin Vc1.1 inhibits human dorsal root ganglion neuroexcitability and mouse colonic nociception via GABA(B) receptors.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310971","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Alpha-conotoxin Vc1.1","slug":"alpha-conotoxin-vc1-1"}},{"title":"α-Conotoxin Vc1.1 Structure-Activity Relationship at the Human α9α10 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Investigated by Minimal Side Chain Replacement.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00389","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Alpha-conotoxin Vc1.1","slug":"alpha-conotoxin-vc1-1"}},{"title":"BREMELANOTIDE","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1017/9781009464772.015","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"(396) Comparative Analysis of Flibanserin, Bremelanotide, and Testosterone Therapy for Female Sexual Desire: Mechanism, Efficacy, and Clinical Considerations","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf320.390","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"GFP-Margatoxin, a Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Ligand to Probe Affinity of Kv1.3 Channel Blockers.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/ijms23031724","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Margatoxin","slug":"margatoxin"}},{"title":"Margatoxin mitigates CCl4‑induced hepatic fibrosis in mice via macrophage polarization, cytokine secretion and STAT signaling.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3892/ijmm.2019.4395","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Margatoxin","slug":"margatoxin"}},{"title":"Margatoxin increases dopamine release in rat striatum via voltage-gated K+ channels.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0014-2999(97)01553-7","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Margatoxin","slug":"margatoxin"}},{"title":"G-423 Efficacy of Bremelanotide (BMT) to Stabilize Podocyte Function and Reduce Proteinuria in Adults with Type II Diabetic Nephropathy: Results from a Phase IIb, Open-Label Study","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1053/j.ajkd.2025.02.424","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Evasin-3-like anti-chemokine activity in salivary gland extracts of ixodid ticks during blood-feeding: a new target for tick control.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3024.2010.01203.x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Evasin-3","slug":"evasin-3"}},{"title":"Evasin-displaying lactic acid bacteria bind different chemokines and neutralize CXCL8 production in Caco-2 cells.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.12781","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Evasin-3","slug":"evasin-3"}},{"title":"Treatment with Evasin-3 abrogates neutrophil-mediated inflammation in mouse acute pancreatitis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/eci.12327","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Evasin-3","slug":"evasin-3"}},{"title":"Thanatin: A Promising Antimicrobial Peptide Targeting the Achilles' Heel of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/ijms25179496","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Thanatin","slug":"thanatin"}},{"title":"Melittin-Based Nano-Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/biom12010118","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Melittin","slug":"melittin"}},{"title":"Melittin: from honeybees to superbugs.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00253-019-09698-y","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Melittin","slug":"melittin"}},{"title":"Eloralintide (LY3841136), a novel amylin receptor agonist for the treatment of obesity: From discovery to clinical proof of concept.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.molmet.2025.102271","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Eloralintide","slug":"eloralintide"}},{"title":"The GLP-2 analogue elsiglutide reduces diarrhoea caused by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib in rats.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00280-020-04040-0","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Elsiglutide","slug":"elsiglutide"}},{"title":"Delta sleep-inducing peptide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2346.2001.00917.x","pubmedId":"11437870","peptide":{"commonName":"Emideltide","slug":"emideltide"}},{"title":"Safety and efficacy of once-weekly efruxifermin versus placebo in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (HARMONY): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s2468-1253(23)00272-8","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Efruxifermin","slug":"efruxifermin"}},{"title":"Ganirelix acetate.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1093/ajhp/56.22.2299","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Ganirelix acetate","slug":"ganirelix-acetate"}},{"title":"Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes with Efpeglenatide in Type 2 Diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa2108269","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Efpeglenatide","slug":"efpeglenatide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of incretin co-agonists: Transformative advances in cardiometabolic healthcare.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i8.107991","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Efocipegtrutide","slug":"efocipegtrutide"}},{"title":"Multifunctional incretin peptides in therapies for type 2 diabetes, obesity and associated co-morbidities.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2025.171380","pubmedId":"40081498","peptide":{"commonName":"Efocipegtrutide","slug":"efocipegtrutide"}},{"title":"Eloralintide, a selective amylin receptor agonist for the treatment of obesity: a 48-week phase 2, multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(25)02155-5","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Eloralintide","slug":"eloralintide"}},{"title":"Daptomycin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2165/00003495-200464040-00009","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Daptomycin","slug":"daptomycin"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of danuglipron (PF-06882961) in adults with obesity: A randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging phase 2b study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/dom.16534","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Danuglipron","slug":"danuglipron"}},{"title":"Danuglipron (PF-06882961) in type 2 diabetes: a randomized, placebo-controlled, multiple ascending-dose phase 1 trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41591-021-01391-w","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Danuglipron","slug":"danuglipron"}},{"title":"Carfilzomib and dexamethasone versus bortezomib and dexamethasone for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (ENDEAVOR): a randomised, phase 3, open-label, multicentre study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s1470-2045(15)00464-7","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Carfilzomib","slug":"carfilzomib"}},{"title":"Haemodynamic and humoral effects of omega-conotoxin GVIA in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0014-2999(92)90389-l","pubmedId":"1352253","peptide":{"commonName":"Conotoxin GVIA","slug":"conotoxin-gvia"}},{"title":"Metabolism and trafficking of N-type voltage-operated calcium channels in neurosecretory cells.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1023/a:1021945907635","pubmedId":"9758335","peptide":{"commonName":"Conotoxin GVIA","slug":"conotoxin-gvia"}},{"title":"Distension evoked mucosal secretion in human and porcine colon in vitro.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0282732","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Conotoxin GVIA","slug":"conotoxin-gvia"}},{"title":"ω-Conotoxin GVIA mimetics that bind and inhibit neuronal Ca(v)2.2 ion channels.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/md10102349","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Conotoxin GVIA","slug":"conotoxin-gvia"}},{"title":"Enfuvirtide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/nrd1091","pubmedId":"12755128","peptide":{"commonName":"Enfuvirtide","slug":"enfuvirtide"}},{"title":"Enfuvirtide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1358/dot.2004.40.3.820089","pubmedId":"15148534","peptide":{"commonName":"Enfuvirtide","slug":"enfuvirtide"}},{"title":"Enfuvirtide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1517/13543784.11.12.1837","pubmedId":"12457443","peptide":{"commonName":"Enfuvirtide","slug":"enfuvirtide"}},{"title":"Enfuvirtide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2165/00003495-200363240-00005","pubmedId":"14664654","peptide":{"commonName":"Enfuvirtide","slug":"enfuvirtide"}},{"title":"Enfuvirtide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"30000878","peptide":{"commonName":"Enfuvirtide","slug":"enfuvirtide"}},{"title":"Galanin and galanin receptors.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/978-3-540-49421-8_12","pubmedId":"10453468","peptide":{"commonName":"Galanin","slug":"galanin"}},{"title":"Galanin and addiction.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00018-008-8151-x","pubmedId":"18500649","peptide":{"commonName":"Galanin","slug":"galanin"}},{"title":"Galanin receptor subtypes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0165-6147(00)01446-2","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Galanin","slug":"galanin"}},{"title":"The dual GLP-1 and GLP-2 receptor agonist dapiglutide promotes barrier function in murine short bowel.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/nyas.14791","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Dapiglutide","slug":"dapiglutide"}},{"title":"Dapiglutide, a novel dual GLP-1 and GLP-2 receptor agonist, attenuates intestinal insufficiency in a murine model of short bowel.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/jpen.2286","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Dapiglutide","slug":"dapiglutide"}},{"title":"Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/j.1440-1681.1996.tb01174.x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Charybdotoxin","slug":"charybdotoxin"}},{"title":"Charybdotoxin and its effects on potassium channels.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1152/ajpcell.1995.269.1.c1","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Charybdotoxin","slug":"charybdotoxin"}},{"title":"Galanin receptor ligands.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2004.12.012","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Galanin","slug":"galanin"}},{"title":"Specificity of omega-conotoxin MVIIC-binding and -blocking calcium channel antibodies in Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s004150050303","pubmedId":"9987712","peptide":{"commonName":"Conotoxin MVIIC","slug":"conotoxin-mviic"}},{"title":"Effects of omega-conotoxin MVIIC on veratridine-induced cytotoxicity and cytosolic Ca(2+) oscillations.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0006-8993(95)01543-4","pubmedId":"8861627","peptide":{"commonName":"Conotoxin MVIIC","slug":"conotoxin-mviic"}},{"title":"Combinatorial synthesis of omega-conotoxin MVIIC analogues and their binding with N- and P/Q-type calcium channels.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0014-5793(99)01772-x","pubmedId":"10648826","peptide":{"commonName":"Conotoxin MVIIC","slug":"conotoxin-mviic"}},{"title":"Inhibition of calcium channels in rat central and peripheral neurons by omega-conotoxin MVIIC.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.16-08-02612.1996","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Conotoxin MVIIC","slug":"conotoxin-mviic"}},{"title":"Three-dimensional structure of the alpha-conotoxin GI at 1.2 A resolution.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1021/bi960820h","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Alpha-conotoxin GI","slug":"alpha-conotoxin-gi"}},{"title":"alpha-Conotoxin GI produces tetanic fade at the rat neuromuscular junction.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0041-0101(92)90381-e","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Alpha-conotoxin GI","slug":"alpha-conotoxin-gi"}},{"title":"Sensitive Detection of α-Conotoxin GI in Human Plasma Using a Solid-Phase Extraction Column and LC-MS/MS.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/toxins9080235","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Alpha-conotoxin GI","slug":"alpha-conotoxin-gi"}},{"title":"Urotensin-II and cardiovascular remodeling.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2007.09.012","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Urotensin II","slug":"urotensin-ii"}},{"title":"Urotensin II and atherosclerosis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2007.08.024","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Urotensin II","slug":"urotensin-ii"}},{"title":"Urotensin-II receptor antagonists.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2174/092986706775476061","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Urotensin II","slug":"urotensin-ii"}},{"title":"Behavioral actions of urotensin-II.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2007.12.016","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Urotensin II","slug":"urotensin-ii"}},{"title":"Hirudin and platelets.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1055/s-2007-1002599","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Hirudin","slug":"hirudin"}},{"title":"Clinical monitoring of hirudin and direct thrombin inhibitors.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1055/s-2001-17964","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Hirudin","slug":"hirudin"}},{"title":"The direct thrombin inhibitor hirudin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1160/th07-11-0693","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Hirudin","slug":"hirudin"}},{"title":"Hirudins: antithrombin anticoagulants.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1177/106002809202601211","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Hirudin","slug":"hirudin"}},{"title":"Structure-activity studies of conantokins as human N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor modulators.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1021/jm981052q","pubmedId":"9986713","peptide":{"commonName":"Conantokin-T","slug":"conantokin-t"}},{"title":"Conantokins: peptide antagonists of NMDA receptors.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2174/0929867043363901","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Conantokin-T","slug":"conantokin-t"}},{"title":"Secretin, 100 years later.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00535-003-1235-3","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Secretin","slug":"secretin"}},{"title":"Secretin-receptor and secretin-receptor-variant expression in gastrinomas: correlation with clinical and tumoral features and secretin and calcium provocative test results.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2007-0986","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Secretin","slug":"secretin"}},{"title":"Secretin-Enhanced MRCP: How and Why-AJR Expert Panel Narrative Review.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2214/ajr.20.24857","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Secretin","slug":"secretin"}},{"title":"Functional Role of the Secretin/Secretin Receptor Signaling During Cholestatic Liver Injury.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/hep.31484","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Secretin","slug":"secretin"}},{"title":"[Buserelin].","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1055/s-0029-1235042","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Buserelin","slug":"buserelin"}},{"title":"Buserelin. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and clinical profile.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2165/00003495-199039030-00007","pubmedId":"2109679","peptide":{"commonName":"Buserelin","slug":"buserelin"}},{"title":"Buserelin in the treatment of prostatic cancer.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0753-3322(89)90009-7","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Buserelin","slug":"buserelin"}},{"title":"[(99m)Tc(N)(NS-Cys-Gly-CCK-8)(PNP3)](+).","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"20641448","peptide":{"commonName":"Cholecystokinin octapeptide","slug":"cck-8"}},{"title":"Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8): a negative feedback control mechanism for opioid analgesia.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0079-6123(08)63303-8","pubmedId":"7568886","peptide":{"commonName":"Cholecystokinin octapeptide","slug":"cck-8"}},{"title":"Effects of cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8) on food intake and gastric emptying in man.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0031-9384(88)90330-7","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Cholecystokinin octapeptide","slug":"cck-8"}},{"title":"PYY3-36: Beyond food intake.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.12.003","pubmedId":"25527432","peptide":{"commonName":"Peptide YY(3-36)","slug":"pYY-3-36"}},{"title":"[Tuftsin].","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/978-3-211-79280-3_1145","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Tuftsin","slug":"tuftsin"}},{"title":"Tuftsin - Properties and Analogs.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2174/0929867324666170725140826","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Tuftsin","slug":"tuftsin"}},{"title":"Postsplenectomy splenic activity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1097/00000658-198112000-00019","pubmedId":"7305494","peptide":{"commonName":"Tuftsin","slug":"tuftsin"}},{"title":"Histrelin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"31643395","peptide":{"commonName":"Histrelin","slug":"histrelin"}},{"title":"Indium In 111 Pentetreotide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.32388/nbqrz4","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pentetreotide","slug":"pentetreotide"}},{"title":"Indium-111-pentetreotide prolongs survival in gastroenteropancreatic malignancies.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1053/snuc.2002.31769","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pentetreotide","slug":"pentetreotide"}},{"title":"Management of Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1177/1179551419884058","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pentetreotide","slug":"pentetreotide"}},{"title":"Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Cancer.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2025.5364","pubmedId":"41411009","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Cancer.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2025.5367","pubmedId":"41410932","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Cancer-Reply.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2025.5370","pubmedId":"41410912","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Urological Complications of Morbid Obesity and the Role of Bariatric Surgery and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Their Management: A Systematic Review.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.7759/cureus.110952","pubmedId":"42465136","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Pre-operative gastric volume measurement and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/anae.70293","pubmedId":"42429195","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Putting a Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Trial for Type 2 Diabetes in Context.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.15634","pubmedId":"42234432","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist Use and Vertebral Fracture Risk in Type 2 Diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1001/jamasurg.2025.5372","pubmedId":"41369924","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in pediatrics: The pancreatology perspective.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/jpn3.70512","pubmedId":"42535519","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Dysfunctional Lipid-Induced Secretion of Glucagon-Like Peptide-2(GLP-2), but Not of Incretins Glucagon-Like Peptide-1(GLP-1)/Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide(GIP), Promotes Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) Onset and Progression Through Gut Barrier Disruption and Endotoxemia.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/mco2.70323","pubmedId":"41948456","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Summary for Patients: An Updated Systematic Review on Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Co-agonists for Weight Loss Among Adults Without Diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.7326/annals-25-05519-ps","pubmedId":"42673597","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Co-agonists for Weight Loss Among Adults Without Diabetes : An Updated Systematic Review.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.7326/annals-25-05519","pubmedId":"42673585","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists in pediatric obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.4103/sjg.sjg_455_25","pubmedId":"41848415","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Psychiatric and eye disorders associated with use of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs).","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00210-026-05813-9","pubmedId":"42629417","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Comment on \"Prescribing patterns of glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the Swedish capital region: a register-based cross-sectional study\".","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00228-026-04055-1","pubmedId":"42036491","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Authors response to the comments by Muhammad Salman, Muhammad Hammad Chola and Muhammad Hasan on our paper \"prescribing patterns of glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the Swedish capital region: a register-based cross-sectional study\".","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00228-026-04056-0","pubmedId":"42036553","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Medication holds and extended fasting in patients on glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: interpreting evidence when practice is already ahead of data.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s12630-026-03185-5","pubmedId":"42618721","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Current Challenges in Monitoring the Safety and Utilisation of the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1 RAs): A UK Perspective.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s40264-026-01676-4","pubmedId":"42086849","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Highly selective SGLT2 inhibitors suppress glucose uptake in alpha-TC1 cells, while glucagon secretion is not affected.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s42000-026-00805-z","pubmedId":"42420684","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and cognitive function: beyond the metabolic effects.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s42000-026-00827-7","pubmedId":"42736531","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Correction: Association of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and diabetic retinopathy (DR) - a systematic review and meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3389/fmed.2026.1778742","pubmedId":"41728591","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Comment on: \"Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Risk of Systemic and Ocular Vascular Complications in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy\".","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.ajo.2026.07.063","pubmedId":"42632508","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Reply to Comment on: \"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and risk of systemic and ocular vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic retinopathy\".","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.ajo.2026.08.025","pubmedId":"42636995","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Inadvertent glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist exposure in pregnancy: reassuring data, unresolved safety (letter to the editor).","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.ajog.2026.07.011","pubmedId":"42462798","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Evidence on glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists around conception: cautious interpretation (reply to letter to the editor).","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.ajog.2026.07.012","pubmedId":"42462797","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Glucagon like Peptide-1 (GLP‑1) receptor agonists: There is no such thing as a free lunch.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.amjmed.2026.02.026","pubmedId":"41785948","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists &amp; thyroid cancer: What thyroid surgeons should know.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.amjsurg.2026.116975","pubmedId":"41990629","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Cardiometabolic Effects of Dual GLP-1 and Glucagon Receptor Agonists: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2337/dc26-1127","pubmedId":"42627353","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Modeling and analyzing glucose-insulin interactions during diabetes through fractional dynamics in presence of glucagon.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.jare.2026.01.020","pubmedId":"41544758","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Beta-endorphin: cytokine and neuropeptide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/j.1600-065x.1991.tb00577.x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Beta-endorphin","slug":"beta-endorphin"}},{"title":"Betatrophin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.4161/isl.28686","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Betatrophin","slug":"betatrophin"}},{"title":"Successful treatment with teduglutide for an adolescent with cerebral palsy accompanied by short bowel syndrome.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/ped.15894","pubmedId":"40019443","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"beta-Endorphin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0092-8674(82)90305-1","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Beta-endorphin","slug":"beta-endorphin"}},{"title":"beta-Endorphin and schizophrenia.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1001/archpsyc.1980.01780190033003","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Beta-endorphin","slug":"beta-endorphin"}},{"title":"[Beta-endorphin].","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.32388/ywi1l6","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Beta-endorphin","slug":"beta-endorphin"}},{"title":"Thymopoietin to thymopentin: experimental studies.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/bf02919050","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Thymopentin","slug":"thymopentin"}},{"title":"Thymopentin: safety overview.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/bf02919070","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Thymopentin","slug":"thymopentin"}},{"title":"Thymopentin and splenopentin as immunomodulators. Current status.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/bf02786456","pubmedId":"9638477","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymopentin","slug":"thymopentin"}},{"title":"Immunostimulation by TP-5 in immunocompromised patients and animals--current status of investigation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0147-9571(86)90015-9","pubmedId":"3539496","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymopentin","slug":"thymopentin"}},{"title":"Motilin--an update.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0024-3205(84)90337-0","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Motilin","slug":"motilin"}},{"title":"Motilin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1097/med.0b013e3282f370af","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Motilin","slug":"motilin"}},{"title":"Motilin and clinical application.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0196-9781(96)00333-6","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Motilin","slug":"motilin"}},{"title":"GH releasing peptides--structure and kinetics.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1515/jpem.1993.6.1.21","pubmedId":"8374685","peptide":{"commonName":"Growth hormone-releasing peptide-1","slug":"growth-hormone-releasing-peptide-1"}},{"title":"Growth hormone-releasing peptides.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1530/eje.0.1360445","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Growth hormone-releasing peptide-1","slug":"growth-hormone-releasing-peptide-1"}},{"title":"Growth hormone-releasing peptides and their analogs.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1006/frne.1997.0158","pubmedId":"9465289","peptide":{"commonName":"Growth hormone-releasing peptide-1","slug":"growth-hormone-releasing-peptide-1"}},{"title":"Ecallantide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"33497163","peptide":{"commonName":"Ecallantide","slug":"ecallantide"}},{"title":"Etelcalcetide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"37603680","peptide":{"commonName":"Etelcalcetide","slug":"etelcalcetide"}},{"title":"Changes in Bone Quality after Treatment with Etelcalcetide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2215/cjn.0000000000000254","pubmedId":"37574661","peptide":{"commonName":"Etelcalcetide","slug":"etelcalcetide"}},{"title":"Treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism: How do cinacalcet and etelcalcetide differ?","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/sdi.12734","pubmedId":"30009474","peptide":{"commonName":"Etelcalcetide","slug":"etelcalcetide"}},{"title":"Effect of Etelcalcetide vs Cinacalcet on Serum Parathyroid Hormone in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis With Secondary Hyperparathyroidism: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1001/jama.2016.19468","pubmedId":"28097356","peptide":{"commonName":"Etelcalcetide","slug":"etelcalcetide"}},{"title":"Etelcalcetide for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1080/14656566.2017.1303482","pubmedId":"28277829","peptide":{"commonName":"Etelcalcetide","slug":"etelcalcetide"}},{"title":"Formulary Drug Review: Etelcalcetide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1177/0018578717733478","pubmedId":"29276237","peptide":{"commonName":"Etelcalcetide","slug":"etelcalcetide"}},{"title":"Iseganan HCl: a novel antimicrobial agent.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1517/13543784.11.8.1161","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Iseganan","slug":"iseganan"}},{"title":"A randomized double-blind trial of iseganan in prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1164/rccm.200504-656oc","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Iseganan","slug":"iseganan"}},{"title":"Antimicrobial peptides (Temporin A and Iseganan IB-367): effect on the cysticerci of Taenia crassiceps.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.molbiopara.2008.12.006","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Iseganan","slug":"iseganan"}},{"title":"A new lipoglycopeptide: telavancin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1517/14656566.9.12.2197","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Telavancin","slug":"telavancin"}},{"title":"Telavancin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2165/10481380-000000000-00000","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Telavancin","slug":"telavancin"}},{"title":"Real-world effectiveness and safety of teduglutide in adult and pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome in Argentina.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.4292/wjgpt.v16.i4.110642","pubmedId":"41378076","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Comment on \"real-world experience of teduglutide for the treatment of short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure\".","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.105083","pubmedId":"42674361","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Telavancin: a novel lipoglycopeptide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1086/648438","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Telavancin","slug":"telavancin"}},{"title":"Evaluating dasiglucagon as a treatment option for hypoglycemia in diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1080/14656566.2020.1747432","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Dasiglucagon","slug":"dasiglucagon"}},{"title":"Dasiglucagon: First Approval.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s40265-021-01531-z","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Dasiglucagon","slug":"dasiglucagon"}},{"title":"Dasiglucagon Hydrochloride.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1093/ajhp/zxab198","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Dasiglucagon","slug":"dasiglucagon"}},{"title":"Once-daily, subcutaneous vosoritide therapy in children with achondroplasia: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31541-5","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Vosoritide","slug":"vosoritide"}},{"title":"Safe and persistent growth-promoting effects of vosoritide in children with achondroplasia: 2-year results from an open-label, phase 3 extension study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41436-021-01287-7","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Vosoritide","slug":"vosoritide"}},{"title":"Real-world outcomes of vosoritide in achondroplasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of multinational clinical evidence.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.gim.2025.101670","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Vosoritide","slug":"vosoritide"}},{"title":"Vosoritide (Voxzogo) for Achondroplasia: A Review of Clinical and Real-World Evidence.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.7759/cureus.87983","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Vosoritide","slug":"vosoritide"}},{"title":"Delayed-onset eptifibatide-induced thrombocytopenia.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1093/ajhp/zxad271","pubmedId":"37884759","peptide":{"commonName":"Eptifibatide","slug":"eptifibatide"}},{"title":"Adjunctive Intravenous Argatroban or Eptifibatide for Ischemic Stroke.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa2314779","pubmedId":"39231343","peptide":{"commonName":"Eptifibatide","slug":"eptifibatide"}},{"title":"Thrombolysis Alone vs With Argatroban or Eptifibatide: A Prespecified Subgroup Analysis of the MOST Trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1212/wnl.0000000000214228","pubmedId":"41071964","peptide":{"commonName":"Eptifibatide","slug":"eptifibatide"}},{"title":"Bridging Antiplatelet Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: JACC Review Topic of the Week.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.jacc.2021.08.013","pubmedId":"34620413","peptide":{"commonName":"Eptifibatide","slug":"eptifibatide"}},{"title":"Eptifibatide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"31082110","peptide":{"commonName":"Eptifibatide","slug":"eptifibatide"}},{"title":"Targeting integrin pathways: mechanisms and advances in therapy.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41392-022-01259-6","pubmedId":"36588107","peptide":{"commonName":"Eptifibatide","slug":"eptifibatide"}},{"title":"Neurotensinomas.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"25905306","peptide":{"commonName":"Neurotensin","slug":"neurotensin"}},{"title":"Neurotensin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071767","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Neurotensin","slug":"neurotensin"}},{"title":"Neurotensin and neurotensin receptors.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0165-6147(99)01357-7","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Neurotensin","slug":"neurotensin"}},{"title":"Neurotensin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1136/jcp.s1-8.1.12","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Neurotensin","slug":"neurotensin"}},{"title":"Bradykinin-mediated diseases.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1159/000358619","pubmedId":"24925394","peptide":{"commonName":"Bradykinin","slug":"bradykinin"}},{"title":"Angioedema Due to Bradykinin Dysregulation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.jaip.2018.04.022","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bradykinin","slug":"bradykinin"}},{"title":"Bradykinin-mediated angioedema.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.20452/pamw.3273","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bradykinin","slug":"bradykinin"}},{"title":"Bradykinin deficiency causes high blood pressure in mice.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.059","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bradykinin","slug":"bradykinin"}},{"title":"Macrophage Extracellular Traps Modulate the Compensatory Anti-inflammatory Response Syndrome through IL-33/ST2 Signaling in Severe Acute Pancreatitis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.7150/ijbs.116740","pubmedId":"41208897","peptide":{"commonName":"Caerulein","slug":"caerulein"}},{"title":"ATN-161 alleviates caerulein-induced pancreatitis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.jgg.2024.10.002","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Caerulein","slug":"caerulein"}},{"title":"PERCC1-associated enteropathy: Diagnostic challenges and enteral autonomy achieved with teduglutide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/jpr3.70144","pubmedId":"42110144","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"The role of CCK caerulein, and CCK antagonists in nociception.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0304-3959(89)90045-6","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Caerulein","slug":"caerulein"}},{"title":"Teduglutide in Enterocolitis Secondary to Graft-Versus-Host Disease Post-Bone Transplant: Case Report","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.20944/preprints202602.1566.v1","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Effectiveness and Safety of Teduglutide Treatment in Adult Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome: A Case Series and Review of Current Evidence.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/jcm15052033","pubmedId":"41827448","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Safety and long-term effectiveness of teduglutide in children with intestinal failure due to short bowel syndrome: a multicenter, post-marketing cohort study. ","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41390-026-05489-0","pubmedId":"42754721","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Cerebrolysin for acute ischaemic stroke.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/14651858.cd007026.pub7","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Cerebrolysin peptide fraction","slug":"cerebrolysin-peptide-fraction"}},{"title":"Dextran Sulfate/Pramlintide Polyelectrolyte Nanoparticles as a Promising Delivery System: Optimization, Evaluation of Supramolecular Interactions and Effect on Conformational Stability of the Peptide Drug","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.21577/0103-5053.20210062","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Ultra-fast insulin-pramlintide co-formulation for improved glucose management in diabetic rats","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1101/2021.04.12.439573","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Slow post-induction specific growth rate enhances recombinant protein expression in Escherichia coli: Pramlintide multimer and ranibizumab production as case studies","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.procbio.2022.01.009","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Effect of Zn(II) on pramlintide: structural kink, fibril formation, antifungal activity","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1954176/v1","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Development and validation of a new robust RP-HPLC method for simultaneous quantitation of insulin and pramlintide in non-invasive and smart glucose-responsive microparticles.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.4103/1735-5362.359428","pubmedId":"36704426","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Dual-Hormone Insulin-and-Pramlintide Artificial Pancreas for Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/app122010262","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Real-world effectiveness and safety of teduglutide in patients with short bowel syndrome.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.4292/wjgpt.v17.i1.117071","pubmedId":"41809219","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Add-on to current guidelines for monitoring of SBS patients treated with teduglutide","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s44355-025-00047-7","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Linaclotide for Bowel Preparation: Is \"Afterload Reduction\" Not Just for Heart Failure Anymore?","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.14309/ajg.0000000000003375","pubmedId":"40110861","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Partially differentiated enterocytes in ileal and distal-colonic human F508del-CF-enteroids secrete fluid in response to forskolin and linaclotide","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1101/2025.02.03.636268","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Injectable Biodegradable Silica Depot: Two Months of Sustained Release of the Blood Glucose Lowering Peptide, Pramlintide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics14030553","pubmedId":"35335929","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Polysaccharide-peptide complexes stabilized around nanoemulsion droplets: A new approach for nasal delivering of pramlintide and insulin","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104527","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"QBD Approach for Design and Characterization of Pramlintide Microspheres for Controlled Drug Release","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s12247-023-09795-6","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Oral delivery of the amylin receptor agonist pramlintide","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1101/2023.11.09.566408","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"A pharmacovigilance study of the association between linaclotide/plecanatide and muscle spasms based on food and drug administration adverse event reporting system.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3389/fphar.2025.1635792","pubmedId":"40843382","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome treatment options Linaclotide, Lubiprostone, Plecanatide, and Tenapanor: analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1080/14740338.2025.2519833","pubmedId":"40503810","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Clinical Study on the Application of Low-Dose 2L Lactulose Combined with Linaclotide in Bowel Preparation Before Colonoscopy","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7391900/v1","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Efficacy of linaclotide as adjunct for bowel preparation in patients with chronic constipation: a pre-specified analysis of the APPLE trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.5946/ce.2026.214","pubmedId":"42681900","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of Guanylyl cyclase C agonists (linaclotide and plecanatide) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3389/fphar.2026.1761301","pubmedId":"42038325","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of linaclotide plus polyethylene glycol for bowel preparation before colonoscopy in elderly Chinese patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3389/fmed.2026.1833539","pubmedId":"42482900","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Efficacy of Polyethylene Glycol Electrolyte Powder Combined with Linaclotide for Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy in Children with Functional Constipation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1620/tjem.2026.j007","pubmedId":"41780967","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Beyond the injection: delivery systems reshaping retinal disease management.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1080/14656566.2025.2496424","pubmedId":"40319468","peptide":{"commonName":"Elamipretide","slug":"elamipretide"}},{"title":"Pemvidutide (ALT-801), a novel GLP-1/glucagon dual receptor agonist, achieves rapid and potent reductions in body weight and liver fat: results of a placebo-controlled, double-blind, first-in-human (FIH) clinical trial","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0168-8278(22)00570-0","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pemvidutide","slug":"pemvidutide"}},{"title":"Abstract 13440: Effect of Pemvidutide (ALT-801), a Novel GLP-1/Glucagon Dual Receptor Agonist, on Pathogenic Lipid Mediators","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1161/circ.146.suppl_1.13440","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pemvidutide","slug":"pemvidutide"}},{"title":"334-OR: Pemvidutide (ALT-801) , a Balanced (1:1) GLP-1/Glucagon Dual Receptor Agonist, Induces Rapid and Marked Weight Loss without the Need for Dose Titration in People with Overweight/Obesity","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2337/db22-334-or","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pemvidutide","slug":"pemvidutide"}},{"title":"Pemvidutide, a glp-1/glucagon dual receptor agonist, significantly reduces liver fat, fibro-inflammation, and body weight in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a 24-week multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0168-8278(23)00517-2","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pemvidutide","slug":"pemvidutide"}},{"title":"WED-251 Plasma lipidomic profiling of subjects with overweight or obesity following treatment with the glucagon-like peptide 1/glucagon dual receptor agonist pemvidutide: an investigation of lipid signatures associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0168-8278(24)01588-5","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pemvidutide","slug":"pemvidutide"}},{"title":"WED-212 Pemvidutide treatment is associated with improvement in non-invasive tests indicating greater likelihood of histologic response in subjects with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0168-8278(24)01555-1","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pemvidutide","slug":"pemvidutide"}},{"title":"262-OR: Pemvidutide, a GLP-1/Glucagon Dual Receptor Agonist, in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity—A 48-Week, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2 (MOMENTUM) Trial","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2337/db24-262-or","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pemvidutide","slug":"pemvidutide"}},{"title":"WED-219 Pemvidutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1/glucagon dual receptor agonist, improves metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis activity and fibrosis in a clinical quantitative systems pharmacology model","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0168-8278(24)01560-5","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pemvidutide","slug":"pemvidutide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Pemvidutide in Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis: A Systematic Review and Dose-Specific Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.64898/2025.12.22.25342824","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pemvidutide","slug":"pemvidutide"}},{"title":"749-P: Integrated Analysis Supports Cardiovascular Safety and Risk Reduction with Pemvidutide Treatment","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2337/db25-749-p","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pemvidutide","slug":"pemvidutide"}},{"title":"SAT-453 MASH resolution index, a novel, highly sensitive non-invasive measure of histologic improvement, predicts high rates of MASH resolution with pemvidutide treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH)","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0168-8278(25)01709-x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pemvidutide","slug":"pemvidutide"}},{"title":"778-P: Pemvidutide, a Balanced GLP-1/Glucagon Dual Receptor Agonist, Enhances Reverse Cholesterol Transport in a Golden Syrian Hamster Model","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2337/db25-778-p","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pemvidutide","slug":"pemvidutide"}},{"title":"228-OR: Effects of Pemvidutide, a GLP-1/Glucagon Dual Receptor Agonist, on Cardioinflammatory Lipids in Subjects with Obesity or Overweight","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2337/db25-228-or","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pemvidutide","slug":"pemvidutide"}},{"title":"Caerulein and its analogues: neuropharmacological properties.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0196-9781(85)90348-1","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Caerulein","slug":"caerulein"}},{"title":"Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptors.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1042/bst0300428","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Sauvagine","slug":"sauvagine"}},{"title":"The brain-gut-skin triangle: new peptides.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0196-9781(81)90003-6","pubmedId":"6178095","peptide":{"commonName":"Sauvagine","slug":"sauvagine"}},{"title":"Urocortins as cardiovascular peptides.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2004.04.018","pubmedId":"15476939","peptide":{"commonName":"Sauvagine","slug":"sauvagine"}},{"title":"Urotensin I-CRF-Urocortins: a mermaid's tail.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.04.024","pubmedId":"19409389","peptide":{"commonName":"Sauvagine","slug":"sauvagine"}},{"title":"GPR54 and kisspeptin in reproduction.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1093/humupd/dml023","pubmedId":"16731583","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-10","slug":"kisspeptin-10"}},{"title":"Roles of the kisspeptin/GPR54 system in pathomechanisms of atherosclerosis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2020.02.017","pubmedId":"32409274","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-10","slug":"kisspeptin-10"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin and Cancer: Molecular Interaction, Biological Functions, and Future Perspectives.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2018.00115","pubmedId":"29662466","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-10","slug":"kisspeptin-10"}},{"title":"Role of Kisspeptin and NKB in Puberty in Nonhuman Primates: Sex Differences.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1055/s-0039-3400253","pubmedId":"31847024","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-10","slug":"kisspeptin-10"}},{"title":"Bacitracin Topical.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"30725678","peptide":{"commonName":"Bacitracin","slug":"bacitracin"}},{"title":"Bacitracin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0163-7258(82)90054-7","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bacitracin","slug":"bacitracin"}},{"title":"ACE inhibitor-mediated angioedema.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106081","pubmedId":"31835086","peptide":{"commonName":"Icatibant","slug":"icatibant"}},{"title":"Bradykinin receptors.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0306-3623(96)00174-7","pubmedId":"9112069","peptide":{"commonName":"Icatibant","slug":"icatibant"}},{"title":"The Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme-Induced Angioedema.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.iac.2016.08.011","pubmedId":"27886906","peptide":{"commonName":"Icatibant","slug":"icatibant"}},{"title":"Intranasal administration of dextran-pramlintide polyelectrolyte complex-coated nanoemulsions improves cognitive impairments in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136158","pubmedId":"39362444","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"[Angioedema].","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00105-007-1440-8","pubmedId":"18004529","peptide":{"commonName":"Icatibant","slug":"icatibant"}},{"title":"[Acquired angioedema].","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.lpm.2014.09.010","pubmedId":"25535166","peptide":{"commonName":"Icatibant","slug":"icatibant"}},{"title":"The role of Kisspeptin signaling in Oocyte maturation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2022.917464","pubmedId":"36072937","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-54","slug":"kisspeptin-54"}},{"title":"GPR54 and kisspeptins.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/400_2007_050","pubmedId":"18193176","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-54","slug":"kisspeptin-54"}},{"title":"Correction to: Liraglutide versus pramlintide in protecting against cognitive function impairment through affecting PI3K/AKT/GSK‑3β/TTBK1 pathway and decreasing Tau hyperphosphorylation in high‑fat dietstreptozocin rat model.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00424-024-02959-4","pubmedId":"38575720","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Clinical Translational Studies of Kisspeptin and Neurokinin B.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1055/s-0039-3400240","pubmedId":"31869839","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-54","slug":"kisspeptin-54"}},{"title":"The paradoxical role of methionine enkephalin in tumor responses.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173253","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Met-enkephalin","slug":"met-enkephalin"}},{"title":"In vitro and in vivo killing effects of methionine enkephalin on osteosarcoma.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111226","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Met-enkephalin","slug":"met-enkephalin"}},{"title":"Neuron-derived extracellular vesicles in blood reveal effects of exercise in Alzheimer's disease.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1186/s13195-023-01303-9","pubmedId":"37730689","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Dynamic modulation of LH secretion by continuous kisspeptin infusion in healthy men.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s42000-026-00795-y","pubmedId":"42230485","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Mitochondrial-derived peptides in energy metabolism.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00249.2020","pubmedId":"32776825","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Mitochondrial-Derived Peptides Exacerbate Senescence.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1089/rej.2018.2114","pubmedId":"30058454","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Mitochondrial stress and mitokines in aging.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/acel.13770","pubmedId":"36642986","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Diagnostic Value of Serum Humanin-Like 3 Levels in Multiple Sclerosis Patients with Predominant Optic Nerve and Spinal Cord Involvement: A Preliminary Study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.29399/npa.29115","pubmedId":"41777515","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Naringenin protects against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury following unilateral nephrectomy via modulation of oxidative stress and kisspeptin expression.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s11255-026-05293-z","pubmedId":"42490039","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Application of oral sulfate solution combined with linaclotide in bowel preparation for colonoscopy.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3389/fmed.2026.1696298","pubmedId":"41889509","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Cryo-EM structure of afamelanotide-MC4R-Gs_Nb35 complex","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2210/pdb7f54/pdb","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"A Feasibility and Safety Study of Afamelanotide in Acute Stroke Patients – An Open Label, Proof of Concept, Phase Iia Clinical Trial","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2306958/v1","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"Clinical Experience with Afamelanotide for the Protoporphyrias in the United States","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1182/blood-2022-163566","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"748-P: Noninvasive Tests of Central Adiposity Correlate with Reductions in MRI-Measured Visceral Adipose Tissue Mass in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity Treated with Pemvidutide","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2337/db25-748-p","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pemvidutide","slug":"pemvidutide"}},{"title":"OS-016 Week 48 top-line results from the phase 2b, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled IMPACT trial of pemvidutide in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0168-8278(26)00326-0","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pemvidutide","slug":"pemvidutide"}},{"title":"FRI-201 Effect of pemvidutide on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: 48-week results from the phase 2b, IMPACT trial","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0168-8278(26)01936-7","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pemvidutide","slug":"pemvidutide"}},{"title":"228-OR: Effect of Pemvidutide, a GLP-1/Glucagon Dual Receptor Agonist, on Cardioinflammatory Lipids","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2337/db24-228-or","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pemvidutide","slug":"pemvidutide"}},{"title":"Stress as a Neuroendocrine Modulator of the Reproductive Axis: Roles of Glucocorticoids, Kisspeptin, and Serotonergic Signalling in Animal Models.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1159/000553326","pubmedId":"42371829","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Effects of chrysin on Kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin neurons and &lt;i&gt;gonadotropin-releasing hormone&lt;/i&gt; gene expression in stress-induced rats: An experimental study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.18502/ijrm.v24i4.21174","pubmedId":"42312111","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Relationship between kisspeptin-10, neurokinin B and dynorphin A in the course of normal and delayed puberty in ewes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2026-0010","pubmedId":"41953732","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"IGF-1 supplementation improves &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; maturation quality of &lt;i&gt;Capra hircus&lt;/i&gt; oocytes via PDE3A activation, gap junction remodeling, apoptosis suppression, and kisspeptin signaling.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1821251","pubmedId":"42290791","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Afamelanotide Is Associated with Dose-Dependent Protective Effect from Liver Damage Related to Erythropoietic Protoporphyria.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/life13041066","pubmedId":"37109595","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"PD03 Afamelanotide reduces the ultraviolet radiation erythemal response soon after application in healthy volunteers with skin phototypes II–III","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljad113.341","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"04121 Afamelanotide for the treatment of cutaneous phototoxicity of erythropoietic protoporphyria: the Scottish experience","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1136/bmjgast-2024-icpp.33","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"04111 Phlebotomy and afamelanotide as an efficient combined treatment of hepatoerythropoietic porphyria","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1136/bmjgast-2024-icpp.15","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"PD05 The effects of afamelanotide on ultraviolet radiation-induced acute inflammatory and DNA repair responses in healthy human skin","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljae090.169","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"461 The effects of afamelanotide on UVR-induced DNA damage, acute inflammatory and DNA repair responses in human skin","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.jid.2024.10.472","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"EMA , It's Time to Reconsider! 10 Years Afamelanotide for Treating Erythropoietic Protoporphyria","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/phpp.70039","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"Afamelanotide in managing cutaneous phototoxicity in erythropoietic protoporphyria: a Scottish perspective.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1093/ced/llaf306","pubmedId":"40692281","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"From darkness to light: Case report on afamelanotide-treatment in a 9-year-old child with erythropoietic protoporphyria.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.jdcr.2025.11.022","pubmedId":"41542313","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"Mitochondrial-derived Peptides and Cytoprotection in ARDS: Emerging Therapeutic Promise of Humanin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1093/ajrcmb/aanag116","pubmedId":"42262906","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Characterization of the Effects of a Humanin Fragment Peptide (HNF&lt;sub&gt;14&lt;/sub&gt;) in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/jcm15051686","pubmedId":"41827105","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Repeated Humanin Treatment Attenuates Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Diabetic Cardiac Tissue.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/biology15131060","pubmedId":"42450608","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Neuroprotective effect of intraperitoneal Humanin-G in retinal degeneration of Royal College of Surgeons rats.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-026-62834-3","pubmedId":"42471450","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Diagnostic potential of serum humanin in breast cancer among the Egyptian population.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s12672-025-04325-x","pubmedId":"41518474","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Low Dose Ketamine Preconditions Astrocyte Mitochondria to Achieve Antidepressant Efficacy via Adenosine, Humanin, and Melatonin Upregulation and Efflux.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.31083/ap54760","pubmedId":"42694894","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanin and MOTS-c Attenuate Atrial Fibrillation by Suppressing Fibrosis and Mitochondrial Dysfunction.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/biomedicines14051048","pubmedId":"42193373","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Structure-activity relationships for the beta-hairpin cationic antimicrobial peptide polyphemusin I.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbapap.2003.12.009","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Polyphemusin I","slug":"polyphemusin-i"}},{"title":"Neuroprotective Effect of Intraperitoneal Humanin-G in Retinal Degeneration of Royal College of Surgeons Rats","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9572557/v1","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Renoprotective Effect of S14G-Humanin on Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Activation of STAT3 and ERK 1/2 Signal Transduction Pathways in Rats","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9040130/v1","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanin improved the rotenone-induced reactive oxygen species formation in PC12 cells by modulating the SIRT3/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1177/07482337261445494","pubmedId":"42041115","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Systematical Screening of Intracellular Protein Targets of Polyphemusin-I Using Escherichia coli Proteome Microarrays.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/ijms22179158","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Polyphemusin I","slug":"polyphemusin-i"}},{"title":"Neuroprotective Effect of Intraperitoneal Humanin-G in Retinal Degeneration of Royal College of Surgeons Rats","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.64898/2026.03.20.713049","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanin analogue promotes metabolic reprogramming to protect the ischemic heart","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.64898/2026.06.16.732776","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Temporins: An Approach of Potential Pharmaceutic Candidates.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1089/sur.2019.266","pubmedId":"31804896","peptide":{"commonName":"Temporin A","slug":"temporin-a"}},{"title":"Effect of temporin A modifications on its cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0463.2005.apm_107.x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Temporin A","slug":"temporin-a"}},{"title":"Temporin A and related frog antimicrobial peptides use formyl peptide receptor-like 1 as a receptor to chemoattract phagocytes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.4049/jimmunol.173.4.2652","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Temporin A","slug":"temporin-a"}},{"title":"Chemical Optimization of Temporin A-L Peptides: From Native Isoforms to Enhanced Antimicrobial Analogs.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/cmdc.70397","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Temporin A","slug":"temporin-a"}},{"title":"Recombinant expression of IGF-1 and LR3 IGF-1 fused with xylanase in Pichia pastoris.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00253-023-12606-0","pubmedId":"37261455","peptide":{"commonName":"IGF-1 LR3","slug":"igf-1-lr3"}},{"title":"IGF-1 LR3 does not promote growth in late-gestation growth-restricted fetal sheep.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00259.2024","pubmedId":"39679943","peptide":{"commonName":"IGF-1 LR3","slug":"igf-1-lr3"}},{"title":"Involvement of insulin-like growth factor-1 and its binding proteins in proliferation and differentiation of murine bone marrow-derived macrophage precursors.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1385/endo:9:2:185","pubmedId":"9867252","peptide":{"commonName":"IGF-1 LR3","slug":"igf-1-lr3"}},{"title":"Attenuated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during an acute IGF-1 LR3 infusion into fetal sheep does not persist in isolated islets.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1017/s2040174423000090","pubmedId":"37114757","peptide":{"commonName":"IGF-1 LR3","slug":"igf-1-lr3"}},{"title":"The emerging landscape of performance-enhancing peptides modulating GH-IGF1 axis: bridging the gap between clinical evidence and patient self-administration.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1822475","pubmedId":"42395176","peptide":{"commonName":"IGF-1 LR3","slug":"igf-1-lr3"}},{"title":"Temporins: An Approach of Potential Pharmaceutic Candidates.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1089/sur.2019.266","pubmedId":"31804896","peptide":{"commonName":"Temporin L","slug":"temporin-l"}},{"title":"Hydrocarbon stapled temporin-L analogue as potential antibacterial and antiendotoxin agents with enhanced protease stability.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107239","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Temporin L","slug":"temporin-l"}},{"title":"Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity of the Amphibian Antimicrobial Peptide Temporin L and Its Analogs.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/ijms23042060","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Temporin L","slug":"temporin-l"}},{"title":"Serum kisspeptin levels in pregnant and non-pregnant diestrus bitches: a pilot study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1826654","pubmedId":"42003949","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Correction: IGF-1 supplementation improves &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; maturation quality of &lt;i&gt;Capra hircus&lt;/i&gt; oocytes via PDE3A activation, gap junction remodeling, apoptosis suppression, and kisspeptin signaling.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1897588","pubmedId":"42445326","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"First-in-Class Cyclic Temporin L Analogue: Design, Synthesis, and Antimicrobial Assessment.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01033","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Temporin L","slug":"temporin-l"}},{"title":"Desmopressin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"32119469","peptide":{"commonName":"Desmopressin","slug":"desmopressin"}},{"title":"Glatiramer acetate: long-term safety and efficacy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1586/14737175.2015.1040768","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Glatiramer acetate","slug":"glatiramer-acetate"}},{"title":"Interferon beta and glatiramer acetate therapy.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s13311-012-0163-4","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Glatiramer acetate","slug":"glatiramer-acetate"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.tem.2026.06.010","pubmedId":"42457610","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Dermaseptin B2 bioactive gene's potential for anticancer and anti-proliferative effect is linked to the regulation of the BAX/BBC3/AKT pathway.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s12032-024-02384-8","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Dermaseptin B2","slug":"dermaseptin-b2"}},{"title":"Dermaseptin DA4, although closely related to dermaseptin B2, presents chemotactic and Gram-negative selective bactericidal activities.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07392.x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Dermaseptin B2","slug":"dermaseptin-b2"}},{"title":"Studies of the antitumor mechanism of action of dermaseptin B2, a multifunctional cationic antimicrobial peptide, reveal a partial implication of cell surface glycosaminoglycans.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0182926","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Dermaseptin B2","slug":"dermaseptin-b2"}},{"title":"Antitumor and angiostatic activities of the antimicrobial peptide dermaseptin B2.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0044351","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Dermaseptin B2","slug":"dermaseptin-b2"}},{"title":"Pegcetacoplan versus Eculizumab in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa2029073","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pegcetacoplan","slug":"pegcetacoplan"}},{"title":"Trial of Pegcetacoplan in C3 Glomerulopathy and Immune-Complex MPGN.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa2501510","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pegcetacoplan","slug":"pegcetacoplan"}},{"title":"Pegcetacoplan for the treatment of geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration (OAKS and DERBY): two multicentre, randomised, double-masked, sham-controlled, phase 3 trials.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01520-9","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pegcetacoplan","slug":"pegcetacoplan"}},{"title":"Hindbrain insulin controls feeding behavior.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101614","pubmedId":"36244663","peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin","slug":"insulin"}},{"title":"Methamphetamine-induced insulin release.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1126/science.174.4004.66","pubmedId":"5120870","peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin","slug":"insulin"}},{"title":"Orforglipron, an oral non-peptide glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, improves markers of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/dom.70022","pubmedId":"40808573","peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin","slug":"insulin"}},{"title":"Human ultralente insulin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1136/bmj.288.6418.665","pubmedId":"6421424","peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin","slug":"insulin"}},{"title":"Exercise and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.rehab.2018.11.001","pubmedId":"30553010","peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin","slug":"insulin"}},{"title":"Effectiveness of Riboflavin in Inherited Metabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/jimd.70190","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"RTD-2","slug":"rtd-2"}},{"title":"Semaglutide Effects on Insulin Sensitivity and β-Cell Function in Patients With Schizophrenia, Prediabetes, and Obesity Treated With Second-Generation Antipsychotics: Findings From the HISTORI Trial, a 30-Week Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial With Semaglutide 1.0 mg Weekly.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2337/dc25-2041","pubmedId":"41778920","peptide":{"commonName":"Insulin","slug":"insulin"}},{"title":"Neurologically active peptides.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0091-3057(76)90346-4","pubmedId":"13415","peptide":{"commonName":"Beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone","slug":"beta-msh"}},{"title":"Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and behavior.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0149-7634(82)90042-2","pubmedId":"6294567","peptide":{"commonName":"Beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone","slug":"beta-msh"}},{"title":"TOP-176 Concurrent responses in multiple non-invasive tests for hepatic inflammation and fibrosis following pemvidutide treatment: 24-week responder analyses of the phase 2b IMPACT trial in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0168-8278(26)01885-4","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pemvidutide","slug":"pemvidutide"}},{"title":"Melanocortin-5 receptor and sebogenesis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.10.100","pubmedId":"21215742","peptide":{"commonName":"Beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone","slug":"beta-msh"}},{"title":"Enkephalins as immunomodulators.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0192-0561(83)90020-6","pubmedId":"6654540","peptide":{"commonName":"Leu-enkephalin","slug":"leu-enkephalin"}},{"title":"LBP-036 Pemvidutide treatment led to fibrosis regression after 24 weeks in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: quantitative digital pathology analysis from the IMPACT phase 2b, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0168-8278(26)00451-4","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Pemvidutide","slug":"pemvidutide"}},{"title":"A Novel Leu-Enkephalin Prodrug Produces Pain-Relieving and Antidepressant Effects.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00807","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Leu-enkephalin","slug":"leu-enkephalin"}},{"title":"1969-LB: Effect of Combined Therapy with Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Cagrilintide 2.4 mg and Semaglutide 2.4 mg (CagriSema) on Energy Intake, Gastric Emptying, and Appetite in Adults with Overweight or Obesity","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2337/db25-1969-lb","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"A combined Cryo_EM structure of Cagrilintide-AMY1R-Gs complex","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2210/pdb9uwq/pdb","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"A combined cryo_EM structure of Cagrilintide-CTR-Gs complex","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2210/pdb9uwm/pdb","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"A Cross-Species Atlas of the Dorsal Vagal Complex Reveals Neural Mediators of Cagrilintide’s Effects on Energy Balance","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1101/2025.01.13.632726","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"Review for \"Efficacy and Safety of Cagrilintide and Cagrisema versus Semaglutide as Anti-Obesity Medications: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression\"","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/dom.70667/v1/review3","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"2458-P: Arcuate Hypothalamic Circuits Mediate Acute Cagrilintide-Induced Feeding in Mice","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2337/db26-2458-p","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"Decision letter for \"Efficacy and Safety of Cagrilintide and Cagrisema versus Semaglutide as Anti-Obesity Medications: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression\"","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/dom.70667/v2/decision1","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"Author response for \"Efficacy and Safety of Cagrilintide and Cagrisema versus Semaglutide as Anti-Obesity Medications: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression\"","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/dom.70667/v2/response1","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"26-A-9711-ACC CAGRISEMA VERSUS CAGRILINTIDE OR SEMAGLUTIDE MONOTHERAPY AS ANTI-OBESITY MEDICATIONS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND BAYESIAN NETWORK META-ANALYSIS WITH TRIAL SEQUENTIAL ANALYSIS","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.jacc.2026.02.652","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"Review for \"Efficacy and Safety of Cagrilintide and Cagrisema versus Semaglutide as Anti-Obesity Medications: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression\"","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/dom.70667/v2/review1","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"Antibacterial Properties of the Antimicrobial Peptide Gallic Acid-Polyphemusin I (GAPI).","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/antibiotics12091350","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Polyphemusin I","slug":"polyphemusin-i"}},{"title":"Interaction of polyphemusin I and structural analogs with bacterial membranes, lipopolysaccharide, and lipid monolayers.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1021/bi0011173","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Polyphemusin I","slug":"polyphemusin-i"}},{"title":"Comparative Study of Leech-Derived Tryptase Inhibitor Genes in Four Medicinal Leech Species.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/biology14091247","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Leech-derived tryptase inhibitor","slug":"leech-derived-tryptase-inhibitor"}},{"title":"Structure of leech derived tryptase inhibitor (LDTI-C) in solution.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0014-5793(94)01225-3","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Leech-derived tryptase inhibitor","slug":"leech-derived-tryptase-inhibitor"}},{"title":"Structural and mechanistic insights into dual activation of cagrilintide in amylin and calcitonin receptors.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41401-025-01635-2","pubmedId":"40847076","peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"1713-P: AT7687, a Novel GIP-Receptor Antagonist, Combined with Cagrilintide, Leads to Robust Weight Loss and Substantial Improvements in Insulin Sensitivity and Body Composition in Obese Insulin-Resistant Monkeys","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2337/db26-1713-p","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"26-A-15734-ACC CAGRILINTIDE-SEMAGLUTIDE (CAGRISEMA) VS SEMAGLUTIDE: SUPERIOR WEIGHT LOSS AND COMPARABLE SAFETY THROUGH SYNERGISTIC AMYLIN-GLP-1 CO-THERAPY: A META-ANALYSIS","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.jacc.2026.02.688","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"Decision letter for \"Efficacy and Safety of Cagrilintide and Cagrisema versus Semaglutide as Anti-Obesity Medications: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression\"","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/dom.70667/v1/decision1","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"Simplified Theta-defensin [Ser(3,7,12,16)] RTD-2 Analog Is Involved in Proteasomal Degradation Pathway in Breast Cancer.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.21873/anticanres.15353","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"RTD-2","slug":"rtd-2"}},{"title":"Quantitative Proteomic Profiling of Tachyplesin I Targets in U251 Gliomaspheres.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/md15010020","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Tachyplesin I","slug":"tachyplesin-i"}},{"title":"Anti-infective biomaterials with surface-decorated tachyplesin I.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.05.008","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Tachyplesin I","slug":"tachyplesin-i"}},{"title":"The inhibitory effect of tachyplesin I on thrombosis and its mechanisms.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/cbdd.13570","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Tachyplesin I","slug":"tachyplesin-i"}},{"title":"Thymosin Beta-4 and Ciprofloxacin Adjunctive Therapy Improves <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>-Induced Keratitis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/cells7100145","pubmedId":"30241380","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Thymosin Beta-4 and TB-500 in Tissue Healing, Regeneration, and Musculoskeletal Repair: A Scoping Review","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.20944/preprints202605.1124.v1","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Efficacy of Mazdutide in Nondiabetic Adults with Overweight or Obesity: A Meta-Analysis","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7884657/v1","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Mazdutide","slug":"mazdutide"}},{"title":"Comparison of Mazdutide and Dulaglutide for Type 2 Diabetes: a GRADE assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.12688/f1000research.186847.1","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Mazdutide","slug":"mazdutide"}},{"title":"Tachyplesin I and its derivatives: A pharmaco-chemical perspective on their antimicrobial and antitumor potential.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1080/17460441.2023.2157402","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Tachyplesin I","slug":"tachyplesin-i"}},{"title":"Production and characterization of hirudin variant-1 by SUMO fusion technology in E. coli.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s12033-012-9511-1","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Hirudin variant 1","slug":"hirudin-variant-1"}},{"title":"Pharmacological effects of a novel recombinant hirudin, CX-397, in vivo and in vitro: comparison with recombinant hirudin variant-1, heparin, and argatroban.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1055/s-0037-1614452","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Hirudin variant 1","slug":"hirudin-variant-1"}},{"title":"Molecular dynamic and pharmacological studies on protein-engineered hirudin variants of Hirudinaria manillensis and Hirudo medicinalis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/bph.15816","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Hirudin variant 1","slug":"hirudin-variant-1"}},{"title":"Deciphering the structural basis that guides the oxidative folding of leech-derived tryptase inhibitor.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1074/jbc.m109.061077","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Leech-derived tryptase inhibitor","slug":"leech-derived-tryptase-inhibitor"}},{"title":"Recombinant leech-derived tryptase inhibitor: construction, production, protein chemical characterization and inhibition of HIV-1 replication.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1515/bchm3.1994.375.10.695","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Leech-derived tryptase inhibitor","slug":"leech-derived-tryptase-inhibitor"}},{"title":"Preclinical Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Intravenous RTD-1.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1128/aac.02125-21","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"RTD-1","slug":"rtd-1"}},{"title":"Rhesus θ-defensin-1 (RTD-1) exhibits in vitro and in vivo activity against cystic fibrosis strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1093/jac/dkv301","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"RTD-1","slug":"rtd-1"}},{"title":"Comparative Effectiveness of CagriSegma, Semaglutide, Cagrilintide and Tirzepatide in the Management of Overweight and Obesity: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/edm2.70248","pubmedId":"42207966","peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"Fate of bradykinin-potentiating peptide 9a after intravenous injection.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1042/bj1840713","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bradykinin-potentiating peptide 9a","slug":"bradykinin-potentiating-peptide-9a"}},{"title":"Screening for rabbit brain neuropeptide-metabolizing peptidases. Inhibition of endopeptidase B by bradykinin potentiating peptide 9a (SQ 20881).","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/j.1471-4159.1980.tb04626.x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bradykinin-potentiating peptide 9a","slug":"bradykinin-potentiating-peptide-9a"}},{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Mazdutide for Type 2 Diabetes: a GRADE assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.12688/f1000research.186694.1","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Mazdutide","slug":"mazdutide"}},{"title":"Mazdutide Ameliorates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Modulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.20944/preprints202601.1103.v1","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Mazdutide","slug":"mazdutide"}},{"title":"Goserelin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"31644049","peptide":{"commonName":"Goserelin","slug":"goserelin"}},{"title":"Antimicrobial Photodynamic therapy enhanced by the peptide aurein 1.2.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-018-22687-x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Aurein 1.2","slug":"aurein-1-2"}},{"title":"Design, synthesis, and biological analysis of aurein 1.2 analogues incorporating fluorinated phenylalanine.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.ejps.2026.107594","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Aurein 1.2","slug":"aurein-1-2"}},{"title":"Aurein 1.2 analogues as promising agents against Candida parapsilosis: insights into mechanism and biofilm disruption.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1080/17460913.2025.2574812","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Aurein 1.2","slug":"aurein-1-2"}},{"title":"The interactions of aurein 1.2 with cancer cell membranes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.bpc.2006.12.009","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Aurein 1.2","slug":"aurein-1-2"}},{"title":"Relamorelin in Gastroparesis and Diabetic Gastroparesis: A Meta-Analysis on Its Efficacy and Safety.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.7759/cureus.48303","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Relamorelin","slug":"relamorelin"}},{"title":"Gastroduodenal motility disorders.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1097/mog.0000000000000473","pubmedId":"30199408","peptide":{"commonName":"Relamorelin","slug":"relamorelin"}},{"title":"Fighting microbial infections: A lesson from amphibian skin-derived esculentin-1 peptides.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2015.04.018","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Esculentin-1","slug":"esculentin-1"}},{"title":"Insulinotropic, glucose-lowering, and beta-cell anti-apoptotic actions of peptides related to esculentin-1a(1-21).NH(2).","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00726-018-2551-5","pubmedId":"29549522","peptide":{"commonName":"Esculentin-1","slug":"esculentin-1"}},{"title":"Esculentin(1-21), an amphibian skin membrane-active peptide with potent activity on both planktonic and biofilm cells of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00018-013-1291-7","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Esculentin-1","slug":"esculentin-1"}},{"title":"Esculentin 1-21: a linear antimicrobial peptide from frog skin with inhibitory effect on bovine mastitis-causing bacteria.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/psc.1148","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Esculentin-1","slug":"esculentin-1"}},{"title":"β-Neoendorphin Enhances Wound Healing by Promoting Cell Migration in Keratinocyte.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3390/molecules25204640","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Beta-neoendorphin","slug":"beta-neoendorphin"}},{"title":"Immunohistochemistry of beta-neoendorphin and dynorphin in the endocrine pancreas of rat and man.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/bf00684384","pubmedId":"2415498","peptide":{"commonName":"Beta-neoendorphin","slug":"beta-neoendorphin"}},{"title":"Kinetic evaluation of beta-neoendorphin hydrolysis by the somatic and testicular isozymes of human angiotensin-converting enzyme.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0167-4838(96)00205-1","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Beta-neoendorphin","slug":"beta-neoendorphin"}},{"title":"Pharmacological Potential of the Endogenous Dipeptide Kyotorphin and Selected Derivatives.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3389/fphar.2016.00530","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Kyotorphin","slug":"kyotorphin"}},{"title":"Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase: A potential kyotorphin synthetase in mammals.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2017.12.026","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Kyotorphin","slug":"kyotorphin"}},{"title":"Antifungal and anti-biofilm activity of designed derivatives from kyotorphin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.funbio.2019.12.002","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Kyotorphin","slug":"kyotorphin"}},{"title":"Characterization of antibacterial and hemolytic activity of synthetic pandinin 2 variants and their inhibition against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0101742","pubmedId":"25019413","peptide":{"commonName":"Ponericin G1","slug":"ponericin-g1"}},{"title":"Toward improved wound dressings: effects of polydopamine-decorated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) electrospinning incorporating basic fibroblast growth factor and ponericin G1.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1039/c9ra05030b","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Ponericin G1","slug":"ponericin-g1"}},{"title":"Controlling the release of peptide antimicrobial agents from surfaces.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.11.082","pubmedId":"20004967","peptide":{"commonName":"Ponericin G1","slug":"ponericin-g1"}},{"title":"Structure-function studies on the amphibian peptide brevinin 1E: translocating the cationic segment from the C-terminal end to a central position favors selective antibacterial activity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1034/j.1399-3011.2001.00924.x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Brevinin-1E","slug":"brevinin-1e"}},{"title":"Structure-activity analysis of brevinin 1E amide, an antimicrobial peptide from Rana esculenta.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0167-4838(98)00123-x","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Brevinin-1E","slug":"brevinin-1e"}},{"title":"A frog-derived antimicrobial peptide as a potential anti-biofilm agent in combating Staphylococcus aureus skin infection.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1111/jcmm.17785","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Brevinin-1E","slug":"brevinin-1e"}},{"title":"Scalable Ligand-Receptor Binding Affinity Landscape: A Case Study with Ziconotide and Ca<sub>V</sub>2.2","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.20944/preprints202409.0877.v1","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Functional crosstalk between neuropeptide FF system and N-type voltage-gated calcium channels in ziconotide-mediated antinociception in mice.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00213-026-07053-4","pubmedId":"41910723","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"A Simple Approach to Assign Disulfide Connectivity for Ziconotide via Partial Reduction Without Alkylation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/rcm.10026","pubmedId":"40084697","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Ziconotide and pain in multiple sclerosis: a case report","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.22541/au.176521176.64921719/v1","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Recurrent Ziconotide-Associated Delirium and Psychosis: A Case Report.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1097/jcp.0000000000002021","pubmedId":"40511848","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of the Ca&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;2.2 blocker Ziconotide in pain: a meta-analysis and systematic review.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1097/pr9.0000000000001363","pubmedId":"41255849","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Ziconotide as an Opioid Rescue: Economic, Clinical, and Subgroup Considerations [Letter].","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2147/jpr.s571927","pubmedId":"41229894","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Determination of related substances in disulfide-rich peptide ziconotide by establishing tandem mass spectrometry methods.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpha.2024.101037","pubmedId":"39386004","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"A Chemoenzymatic Approach To Produce a Cyclic Analogue of the Analgesic Drug MVIIA (Ziconotide)","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/ange.202302812","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"ID:15841 A Case of Prolonged Psychosis With Intrathecal Ziconotide","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.neurom.2022.02.146","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Ziconotide ( ω‐conotoxin MVIIA )—Efficient solid‐phase synthesis of a linear precursor peptide and its strategic native folding","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/pep2.24223","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"CCKoma.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"25905295","peptide":{"commonName":"Cholecystokinin","slug":"cholecystokinin"}},{"title":"Cholecystokinin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1097/med.0b013e3280122850","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Cholecystokinin","slug":"cholecystokinin"}},{"title":"Angiotensin-(1-7): an update.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0167-0115(00)00138-5","pubmedId":"10967201","peptide":{"commonName":"Angiotensin IV","slug":"angiotensin-iv"}},{"title":"The angiotensin IV/AT4 receptor.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00018-004-4246-1","pubmedId":"15549174","peptide":{"commonName":"Angiotensin IV","slug":"angiotensin-iv"}},{"title":"Angiotensin II and vascular injury.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s11906-014-0431-2","pubmedId":"24760441","peptide":{"commonName":"Angiotensin IV","slug":"angiotensin-iv"}},{"title":"The Role of NO Synthase, MPT pore, and Protein Kinase A in the Cardioprotective Effect of the Opioid Receptor Agonist Deltorphin II.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s10517-023-05784-4","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Deltorphin II","slug":"deltorphin-ii"}},{"title":"Peripheral Deltorphin II Inhibits Nociceptors Following Nerve Injury.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3389/fphar.2020.01151","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Deltorphin II","slug":"deltorphin-ii"}},{"title":"Exploring deltorphin II binding to the third extracellular loop of the delta-opioid receptor.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1074/jbc.m311468200","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Deltorphin II","slug":"deltorphin-ii"}},{"title":"Deltorphin II-induced rapid desensitization of delta-opioid receptor requires both phosphorylation and internalization of the receptor.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1074/jbc.m002395200","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Deltorphin II","slug":"deltorphin-ii"}},{"title":"Implant-derived magnesium induces local neuronal production of CGRP to improve bone-fracture healing in rats.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/nm.4162","pubmedId":"27571347","peptide":{"commonName":"Alpha-CGRP","slug":"calcitonin-gene-related-peptide-alpha"}},{"title":"Transcriptional Atlas of Intestinal Immune Cells Reveals that Neuropeptide α-CGRP Modulates Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Responses.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.immuni.2019.09.004","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Alpha-CGRP","slug":"calcitonin-gene-related-peptide-alpha"}},{"title":"Structure and biology of amylin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0165-6147(93)90081-t","pubmedId":"8516954","peptide":{"commonName":"Alpha-CGRP","slug":"calcitonin-gene-related-peptide-alpha"}},{"title":"Ramoplanin: a lipoglycodepsipeptide antibiotic.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1345/aph.1e397","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Ramoplanin","slug":"ramoplanin"}},{"title":"Chemistry and biology of the ramoplanin family of peptide antibiotics.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/bip.10296","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Ramoplanin","slug":"ramoplanin"}},{"title":"Vancomycin, teicoplanin, and ramoplanin: synthetic and mechanistic studies.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1002/med.1014","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Ramoplanin","slug":"ramoplanin"}},{"title":"Analog of prolactin-releasing peptide reduces body weight primarily through sustained fatty acid oxidation rather than hypophagia.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2025.10.021","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Prolactin-releasing peptide","slug":"prolactin-releasing-peptide"}},{"title":"Prolactin-releasing peptide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/400_2007_048","pubmedId":"18204826","peptide":{"commonName":"Prolactin-releasing peptide","slug":"prolactin-releasing-peptide"}},{"title":"Expression and actions of GnIH and its orthologs in vertebrates: Current status and advanced knowledge.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2016.05.004","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone","slug":"gonadotropin-inhibitory-hormone"}},{"title":"Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH): discovery, progress and prospect.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.02.013","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone","slug":"gonadotropin-inhibitory-hormone"}},{"title":"Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH): A new key neurohormone controlling reproductive physiology and behavior.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100900","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone","slug":"gonadotropin-inhibitory-hormone"}},{"title":"CGRP-related neuropeptide adrenomedullin 2 promotes tissue-protective ILC2 responses and limits intestinal inflammation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1038/s41590-025-02243-2","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Adrenomedullin 2","slug":"adrenomedullin-2"}},{"title":"Transvaginal follicular aspiration and embryo development in superstimulated early postpartum beef cows and subsequent fertility after artificial insemination.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.11.009","pubmedId":"20036087","peptide":{"commonName":"Ovagen","slug":"ovagen"}},{"title":"The effects of the prostaglandin E analogue Misoprostol and follicle-stimulating hormone on cervical penetrability in ewes during the peri-ovulatory period.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.10.012","pubmedId":"17126896","peptide":{"commonName":"Ovagen","slug":"ovagen"}},{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Semaglutide Versus Exenatide ER in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (SUSTAIN 3): A 56-Week, Open-Label, Randomized Clinical Trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2337/dc17-0417","pubmedId":"29246950","peptide":{"commonName":"Exenatide","slug":"exenatide"}},{"title":"Effects of Once-Weekly Exenatide on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa1612917","pubmedId":"28910237","peptide":{"commonName":"Exenatide","slug":"exenatide"}},{"title":"Exenatide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1517/14656566.8.15.2593","pubmedId":"17931093","peptide":{"commonName":"Exenatide","slug":"exenatide"}},{"title":"Exenatide once weekly for alcohol use disorder investigated in a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1172/jci.insight.159863","pubmedId":"36066977","peptide":{"commonName":"Exenatide","slug":"exenatide"}},{"title":"Exenatide once weekly versus placebo in Parkinson's disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31585-4","pubmedId":"28781108","peptide":{"commonName":"Exenatide","slug":"exenatide"}},{"title":"Adrenomedullin and diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.4239/wjd.v5.i3.364","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Adrenomedullin","slug":"adrenomedullin"}},{"title":"Neuropeptide adrenomedullin remodels stemness and macrophage dynamics in glioblastoma.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.celrep.2025.116342","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Adrenomedullin","slug":"adrenomedullin"}},{"title":"Structure-activity relationships of urotensin II and URP.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2007.08.014","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Urotensin II-related peptide","slug":"urotensin-ii-related-peptide"}},{"title":"Biologically active peptides urotensin II (UII) and urotensin II-related peptide (URP), and to their cognate receptor (UT). Editorial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2008.01.010","pubmedId":"18314224","peptide":{"commonName":"Urotensin II-related peptide","slug":"urotensin-ii-related-peptide"}},{"title":"Behavioral actions of urotensin-II.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2007.12.016","pubmedId":"18294732","peptide":{"commonName":"Urotensin II-related peptide","slug":"urotensin-ii-related-peptide"}},{"title":"Urocortin-1 infusion in normal humans.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2003-031231","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Urocortin 1","slug":"urocortin-1"}},{"title":"Contribution of Urocortin to the Development of Excessive Drinking.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2017.06.007","pubmedId":"29056154","peptide":{"commonName":"Urocortin 1","slug":"urocortin-1"}},{"title":"Urocortins in human reproduction.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2004.05.026","pubmedId":"15476942","peptide":{"commonName":"Urocortin 1","slug":"urocortin-1"}},{"title":"Motilin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1097/med.0b013e3282f370af","pubmedId":"18185063","peptide":{"commonName":"Obestatin","slug":"obestatin"}},{"title":"Obestatin and cardiovascular health.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2013.11.023","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Obestatin","slug":"obestatin"}},{"title":"Interaction of melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), neuropeptide E-I (NEI), neuropeptide G-E (NGE), and alpha-MSH with melanocortin and MCH receptors on mouse B16 melanoma cells.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1081/rrs-100107145","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Neuropeptide GE","slug":"neuropeptide-ge"}},{"title":"Naringin and naringenin as anticancer agents and adjuvants in cancer combination therapy: Efficacy and molecular mechanisms of action, a comprehensive narrative review.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105264","pubmedId":"33166734","peptide":{"commonName":"Neuropeptide GE","slug":"neuropeptide-ge"}},{"title":"The immune-enhancing activity of Cervus nippon mantchuricus extract (NGE) in RAW264.7 macrophage cells and immunosuppressed mice.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.foodres.2017.06.053","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Neuropeptide GE","slug":"neuropeptide-ge"}},{"title":"Anatomy, function and regulation of neuropeptide EI (NEI).","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2008.03.012","pubmedId":"18456371","peptide":{"commonName":"Neuropeptide GE","slug":"neuropeptide-ge"}},{"title":"The role of cholecystokinin receptors in the short-term control of food intake.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/b978-0-12-386933-3.00008-x","pubmedId":"23317788","peptide":{"commonName":"Cholecystokinin-33","slug":"cck-33"}},{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Mazdutide in Adults with Obesity or Overweight, With or Without Diabetes: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9477385/v1","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Mazdutide","slug":"mazdutide"}},{"title":"Cryo-EM structure of bremelanotide-MC4R-Gs_Nb35 complex","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2210/pdb7f55/pdb","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"The biology of cholecystokinin and gastrin peptides.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.2174/156802607780960483","pubmedId":"17584137","peptide":{"commonName":"Cholecystokinin-33","slug":"cck-33"}},{"title":"Cholecystokinin peptides, dopamine and schizophrenia--a review.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/0278-5846(85)90011-9","pubmedId":"2868491","peptide":{"commonName":"Cholecystokinin-33","slug":"cck-33"}},{"title":"Nonsulfated cholecystokinins in cerebral neurons.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2016.08.003","pubmedId":"27535680","peptide":{"commonName":"Cholecystokinin-33","slug":"cck-33"}},{"title":"Hemokinins and endokinins.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00018-004-4035-x","pubmedId":"15224188","peptide":{"commonName":"Hemokinin-1","slug":"hemokinin-1"}},{"title":"Role of hemokinin-1 in health and disease.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2016.12.003","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Hemokinin-1","slug":"hemokinin-1"}},{"title":"Protein O-GlcNAcylation and hexokinase mitochondrial dissociation drive heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2025.04.001","pubmedId":"40267914","peptide":{"commonName":"Hemokinin-1","slug":"hemokinin-1"}},{"title":"The host and the flora.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1159/000354680","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Beta-defensin 3","slug":"defensin-beta-3"}},{"title":"Human defensins.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1007/s00109-005-0657-1","pubmedId":"15821901","peptide":{"commonName":"Beta-defensin 3","slug":"defensin-beta-3"}},{"title":"Human β-defensin-3 attenuates atopic dermatitis-like inflammation through autophagy activation and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1172/jci156501","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Beta-defensin 3","slug":"defensin-beta-3"}},{"title":"Human Beta Defensins and Cancer: Contradictions and Common Ground.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.3389/fonc.2019.00341","pubmedId":"31131258","peptide":{"commonName":"Beta-defensin 3","slug":"defensin-beta-3"}},{"title":"Dynorphin A analogs for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.4155/fmc.15.164","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Dynorphin A","slug":"dynorphin-a"}},{"title":"Orexin (hypocretin) neurons contain dynorphin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":null,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.21-19-j0003.2001","pubmedId":"11567079","peptide":{"commonName":"Dynorphin A","slug":"dynorphin-a"}},{"title":"Development of Teduglutide purity certified reference material (GBW09342) through amino acid-based isotope dilution mass spectrometry and sulfur-based isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2027,"doi":"10.1016/j.talanta.2026.130223","pubmedId":"42385596","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin-10/basal LH ratio improves differentiation of central precocious puberty and premature thelarche.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2027,"doi":"10.1016/j.cca.2026.121207","pubmedId":"42364891","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Integrated Experimental and Molecular Modeling Techniques to Investigate the Buffer Effects on Glucagon Stability.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s11095-026-04022-6","pubmedId":"41792504","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Altered placental expression of small humanin-like peptides in gestational diabetes mellitus.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.48101/ujms.v131.14142","pubmedId":"42453115","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"The p75 neurotrophin receptor is expressed in brain regions mastering reproduction but not in kisspeptin or GnRH neurons.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/jne.70102","pubmedId":"41137779","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The role of Kiss1 neurons in regulating metabolism and energy balance.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2026.171497","pubmedId":"42269723","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Intravenous kisspeptin 112-121 bolus does not acutely impact circulating vasopressin in humans.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/jne.70114","pubmedId":"41273106","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Mitochondrial-derived peptide Humanin protects granulosa cells under oxidative conditions.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1093/reprod/xaag082","pubmedId":"42397223","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Mitochondrial derived peptide humanin improved semen quality, semen freezability, antioxidant status and in-vitro fertility in crossbred bull.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-30931-4","pubmedId":"41634054","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Somatostatin receptors shape insulin and glucagon output within the pancreatic islet in mice through direct and paracrine effects.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s00125-026-06769-4","pubmedId":"42322376","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"In vivo dysregulation of insulin and glucagon secretion: Disturbed mitochonderial VDAC1 expression and localization in pancreatic β-cells convey global insulin secretory defects in diabetic GK rat.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbadis.2026.168358","pubmedId":"42402267","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"[Effect of acupuncture on ovarian function in rats with premature ovarian insufficiency based on kisspeptin/GPR54 pathway].","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.13703/j.0255-2930.20250110-k0004","pubmedId":"42343523","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Sodium benzoate induces reproductive toxicity via hormonal disruption, ovarian damage and altering kisspeptin/RFRP-3 expression.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.yrtph.2026.106069","pubmedId":"41740828","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Circulating Humanin Improves the Prognostic Accuracy of Cardiovascular Risk Models in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1159/000551517","pubmedId":"41849628","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Progestogen priming is not essential to trigger ovulation in seasonal anoestrus ewes injected twice with a synthetic kisspeptin analogue.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2026.101779","pubmedId":"41785553","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Reparative Outcomes in Corneal Infection: Linking Adjunctive Tβ4 Treatment to Nerve Regeneration and Visual Function.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1167/iovs.67.6.22","pubmedId":"42283548","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Linaclotide for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: integrating realworld evidence into the therapeutic puzzle.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.51821/89.1.14529","pubmedId":"41745639","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Humanin Mitigates Aβ-Induced Retinal Pigment Epithelium Injury via AMPK-Beclin1-Dependent Mitophagy.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/acel.70601","pubmedId":"42333946","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"The bile acid-sensive ion channel (BASIC) is expressed in pancreatic α-cells and involved in glucagon secretion.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s00424-026-03199-4","pubmedId":"42521859","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"SEL1L-HRD1 ER-associated degradation facilitates prohormone convertase 2 maturation and glucagon production in islet α cells.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-026-69928-6","pubmedId":"41741474","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Progesterone-KISS1 axis impairs amniotic epithelial cell function and promotes premature rupture of membranes.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.placenta.2026.06.016","pubmedId":"42385385","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Expressions of Kisspeptin System and Ki-67 in the Reproductive Tissues of Cyclic Bitches.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/rda.70205","pubmedId":"41983751","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Linaclotide combined with polyethylene glycol for bowel preparation in colonoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s00464-025-12288-x","pubmedId":"41168471","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00236","pubmedId":"41490200","peptide":{"commonName":"Epitalon","slug":"epitalon"}},{"title":"Effect of Linaclotide on Colonic Motility Assessed With Intraluminal Colonic High-Resolution Manometry in Healthy Subjects. An Acute, Open Label, Randomized, Crossover, Reader-Blinded Study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/nmo.70222","pubmedId":"41413756","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Effect of linaclotide combined with polyethylene glycol on bowel preparation before colonoscopy in patients with constipation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3389/fmed.2026.1686654","pubmedId":"41658593","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"LCP2 mediates SUV39H1-driven cellular senescence-related chemoresistance in natural killer/T-cell lymphoma.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1038/s41419-026-08897-6","pubmedId":"42209466","peptide":{"commonName":"Epitalon","slug":"epitalon"}},{"title":"Atrazine alters kisspeptin signaling and downstream neuroendocrine regulation following embryonic exposure in zebrafish.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.tox.2026.154503","pubmedId":"42142733","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Association between sleep disorders and alterations in glucose metabolism, insulin, and glucagon in patients with type 2 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1097/md.0000000000047409","pubmedId":"41686553","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Intra-Islet Paracrine Regulation of Glucagon Secretion During Hypoglycemia, Euglycemia, and Hyperglycemia.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/nyas.70384","pubmedId":"42734243","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Short-term linaclotide plus polyethylene glycol in patients at increased risk of inadequate bowel preparation: A randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.dld.2026.01.229","pubmedId":"41692643","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Adjunctive linaclotide improves bowel cleansing and patient experience in polyethylene glycol-based bowel preparation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-026-49852-x","pubmedId":"42009975","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Decidualization-empowered ECM hydrogel integrating sustained Tβ4 release drives endometrial regeneration in intrauterine adhesions.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-026-68677-w","pubmedId":"41565687","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Whey Protein Ingestion Stimulates Glucagon Secretion and Raises Blood Glucose Levels in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.2337/db26-0059","pubmedId":"42030105","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"S14G-humanin attenuates renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury, potentially through activation of STAT3 and ERK1/2 signalling pathways in rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1113/ep094006","pubmedId":"42672739","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02437-0","pubmedId":"41966639","peptide":{"commonName":"MOTS-c","slug":"mots-c"}},{"title":"S14G-humanin (HNG) ameliorates diabetic nephropathy tubular injury by inhibiting Z-DNA/ZBP1-mediated necroptosis.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.ejphar.2026.179175","pubmedId":"42492881","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Somatostatin Receptor PET/CT in a Glucagonoma Presenting With Necrolytic Migratory Erythema and Normoglucagonemia: A Diagnostic Dilemma.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1097/rlu.0000000000006259","pubmedId":"41937553","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Evaluating linaclotide for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation in children and adolescents.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1080/14656566.2026.2702388","pubmedId":"42425925","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Effect of 3-Day Linaclotide Administration to Reduce the Polyethylene Glycol Volume for Colonoscopy Bowel Preparation: A Multicenter, Noninferiority, Randomized Controlled Trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.14309/ajg.0000000000003557","pubmedId":"40423516","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Efficacy safety of linaclotide combined with polyethylene glycol for bowel preparation in patients with constipation: a meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3389/fgstr.2026.1694950","pubmedId":"42523615","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Antecedent hypoglycaemia impairs glucagon secretion by enhancing somatostatin-mediated negative feedback control.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1038/s42255-025-01422-7","pubmedId":"41530286","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"A post hoc analysis of linaclotide in pediatric patients with functional constipation and neurodevelopmental disorders.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1002/jpn3.70424","pubmedId":"41913506","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Linaclotide in Pediatric Patients of Functional Constipation: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1177/10600280261479335","pubmedId":"42695347","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Evaluating linaclotide for the treatment of functional constipation in children and adolescents.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1080/14656566.2026.2669339","pubmedId":"42083746","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Peptide Supplements and Their Therapeutic Applications in Sports Medicine.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1177/03635465261464420","pubmedId":"42578445","peptide":{"commonName":"BPC-157","slug":"bpc-157"}},{"title":"The Efficacy of Single Dose Linaclotide in Polyethylene Glycol-Based Bowel Preparation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1097/mcg.0000000000002267","pubmedId":"41123247","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Experimental chronic fetal hyperglucagonemia stimulates hepatic pathways for amino acid catabolism and gluconeogenesis.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1530/joe-25-0447","pubmedId":"41988876","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Conformational determinants of glucagon stability and aggregation kinetics in aqueous and commercial formulations.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1002/pro.70750","pubmedId":"42557738","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of mazdutide in adults with obesity or overweight: a US-based, multicentre, phase 2, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00160-9","pubmedId":"42628555","peptide":{"commonName":"Mazdutide","slug":"mazdutide"}},{"title":"Unequal distribution of plasma glucagon levels among clustering-based diabetes subtypes: a Japanese cohort.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1210/clinem/dgaf654","pubmedId":"41388999","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"The expanding landscape of the glucagon signaling network: mechanisms and outcomes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqag041","pubmedId":"41926708","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Humanin Restores Metabolic Hormone Homeostasis of Leptin, Ghrelin, Irisin and Asprosin in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3390/metabo16060373","pubmedId":"42346352","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Effect of Age and Age-Defined Menopausal Status on Linaclotide Efficacy and Safety in Adults With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation or Chronic Idiopathic Constipation: Post Hoc Analyses of Phase 2b/3 Studies.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/nmo.70429","pubmedId":"42702764","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Humanin ameliorates diabetes-induced testicular damage in a streptozotocin-induced mouse model.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1113/ep093912","pubmedId":"42438323","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanin-G protects septic ARDS by mediating mitochondrial function in lung vascular endothelial cells.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1093/ajrcmb/aanag079","pubmedId":"42153337","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Identification of insulin and glucagon genes in the finless porpoise and the developmental distribution of their producing endocrine cells.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1777351","pubmedId":"42147104","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00236","pubmedId":"41490200","peptide":{"commonName":"BPC-157","slug":"bpc-157"}},{"title":"Injectable Peptide Therapy: A Primer for Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Physicians.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1177/03635465251357593","pubmedId":"41476424","peptide":{"commonName":"BPC-157","slug":"bpc-157"}},{"title":"Humanin as an evolutionarily tuned mitochondrial peptide: Insights from mammalian oxidative stress diversity.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2026.03.033","pubmedId":"41864362","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02437-0","pubmedId":"41966639","peptide":{"commonName":"BPC-157","slug":"bpc-157"}},{"title":"Loss of α-cell GRK2 modulates glucagon response and supports cardiac function.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.molpha.2026.100115","pubmedId":"41895229","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Humanin improves bone health in a glucocorticoid-treated mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrep.2025.102421","pubmedId":"41550496","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanin as a Molecular Indicator of Semen Quality and Cryotolerance in Crossbred Cattle.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/rda.70240","pubmedId":"42223320","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanin peptide ameliorates reproductive dysfunction and restores neuroendocrine mechanisms in SSRI-treated male rats.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.repbio.2026.101254","pubmedId":"42480246","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Association of fasting plasma glucagon with osteopenia/osteoporosis in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1186/s12902-026-02220-2","pubmedId":"41814251","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"PubChem Compound Summary for CID 378611, GHK-Cu","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"government_publication","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":null,"pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"GHK-Cu","slug":"ghk-cu"}},{"title":"Paracrine inhibition via G protein inwardly rectifying potassium channels regulates glucagon secretion from human pancreatic alpha cells.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117068","pubmedId":"41824458","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Therapeutic peptides in gerontology: mechanisms and applications for healthy aging.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Frontiers in aging","publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1038/s41392-022-00904-4","pubmedId":"42021992","peptide":{"commonName":"Semax","slug":"semax"}},{"title":"Early glucagon-positive cells restrict pancreatic branching through VMAT2-noradrenaline-mediated ROS signaling.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1242/dev.205734","pubmedId":"42643105","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Renal or Hepatic Impairment Does Not Affect Pharmacokinetics, Safety, or Tolerability of Subcutaneous Cagrilintide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s40262-026-01654-0","pubmedId":"42228334","peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"A cross-species atlas of the dorsal vagal complex reveals neural mediators of the effects of cagrilintide on energy balance.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1038/s42255-026-01539-3","pubmedId":"42260119","peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"Amylin-based obesity therapy: a meta-analysis of Cagrilintide and CagriSema versus placebo.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1097/ms9.0000000000005353","pubmedId":"42583410","peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of co-administered cagrilintide and semaglutide versus semaglutide alone in adults with overweight or obesity with or without type 2 diabetes in Japan and Taiwan (REDEFINE 5): a multicentre, randomised, active-controlled, phase 3a trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(25)00402-4","pubmedId":"42009015","peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"Identification and Quantification of Structurally Related Peptide Impurity in Linaclotide by Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1002/rcm.70030","pubmedId":"41539984","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Increased Early Postprandial Glucagon Concentrations in Humans With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes and Steatotic Liver Disease.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.2337/dc25-3077","pubmedId":"41931030","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of once-weekly cagrilintide-semaglutide (CagriSema) in adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on diet and exercise (REIMAGINE 1): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3a study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00126-9","pubmedId":"42251860","peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"Teduglutide in pediatric patients under 10 kg with short bowel syndrome on parenteral support: An open-label study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/ped.70301","pubmedId":"41454663","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Cagrilintide and Cagrisema Versus Semaglutide as Anti-Obesity Medications: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/dom.70667","pubmedId":"41834765","peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"Cagrilintide and CagriSema for weight reduction and metabolic risk modification in overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s40200-026-01942-3","pubmedId":"42180166","peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"Dose-Response Effect of Glucagon on Glucose, Beta-Cell Secretion and Metabolism in Healthy Individuals.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/dom.70896","pubmedId":"42169368","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Teduglutide use in haemodialysis-dependent renal failure from secondary hyperoxaluria in short bowel syndrome and type 3 intestinal failure - A case report.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.intf.2026.100364","pubmedId":"41852601","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Distinctive patterns of glucagon and incretin responses to oral and isoglycaemic intravenous glucose load in fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-026-55406-y","pubmedId":"42321243","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Associations of Fasting Glucagon and the Glucagon-Alanine Index With Hepatic Steatosis and Liver Stiffness in Japanese Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/dom.70854","pubmedId":"42244477","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Treatment With 9-mg Mazdutide for Weight Reduction in Chinese Adults With Obesity: The GLORY-2 Randomized Clinical Trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1001/jama.2026.8142","pubmedId":"42251595","peptide":{"commonName":"Mazdutide","slug":"mazdutide"}},{"title":"Uncoupling Insulin Sensitivity From Longevity: A Sex-Dependent Effect of Hepatic Glucagon Signaling.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/acel.70349","pubmedId":"41482628","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Peptide Supplements and Their Therapeutic Applications in Sports Medicine.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1177/03635465261464420","pubmedId":"42578445","peptide":{"commonName":"TB-500","slug":"tb-500"}},{"title":"Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02437-0","pubmedId":"41966639","peptide":{"commonName":"TB-500","slug":"tb-500"}},{"title":"Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02437-0","pubmedId":"41966639","peptide":{"commonName":"Ipamorelin","slug":"ipamorelin"}},{"title":"Cagrilintide-semaglutide (CagriSema) versus semaglutide or cagrilintide in people with type 2 diabetes (REIMAGINE 2): a double-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 3 study.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00125-7","pubmedId":"42251859","peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"Cagrilintide-semaglutide (CagriSema) as an add-on to basal insulin in adults with type 2 diabetes (REIMAGINE 3): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3 study.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(26)01022-6","pubmedId":"42251856","peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"A new era of doping? Use of peptide and peptide-analog drugs in recreational and professional sport and bodybuilding: a critical review.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17773-1","pubmedId":"41880199","peptide":{"commonName":"Ipamorelin","slug":"ipamorelin"}},{"title":"Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy plus thymalfasin in locally advanced gastric cancer: a prospective clinical trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1186/s12916-026-04740-z","pubmedId":"41749205","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin alpha-1","slug":"thymosin-alpha-1"}},{"title":"Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00236","pubmedId":"41490200","peptide":{"commonName":"Ipamorelin","slug":"ipamorelin"}},{"title":"Loss of Slc39a5 in α-cells impairs glucose metabolism by chronically increasing glucagon.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.jare.2025.11.013","pubmedId":"41223989","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Cagrilintide-semaglutide: a new option for patients with type 2 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00129-4","pubmedId":"42251858","peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"Cagrilintide and retatrutide combination therapy enhances weight loss and metabolic outcomes in obese male rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1038/s42255-026-01603-y","pubmedId":"42744908","peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"Injectable Peptide Therapy: A Primer for Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Physicians.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1177/03635465251357593","pubmedId":"41476424","peptide":{"commonName":"Ipamorelin","slug":"ipamorelin"}},{"title":"Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02437-0","pubmedId":"41966639","peptide":{"commonName":"CJC-1295","slug":"cjc-1295"}},{"title":"Peptide Supplements and Their Therapeutic Applications in Sports Medicine.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1177/03635465261464420","pubmedId":"42578445","peptide":{"commonName":"Ipamorelin","slug":"ipamorelin"}},{"title":"Therapeutic Peptides in Aesthetic, Metabolic and Endocrine Conditions: Effects, Safety, Clinical Applications, and Future Perspectives.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3390/ijms27093890","pubmedId":"42123471","peptide":{"commonName":"Ipamorelin","slug":"ipamorelin"}},{"title":"One Week Exposure to a Somatostatin Receptor 2 Antagonist (SSTR2a) Enhances Glucagon Counterregulation to Insulin-Induced Hypoglycaemia and Does Not Worsen Glycemia in a Male Rat Model of Insulin-Requiring Type 2 Diabetes.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/dom.71012","pubmedId":"42315494","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Real-Life Data on Ziconotide-Based Intrathecal Therapy in Patients With Cancer Pain: Interim Analysis of the Observational Practice in Clinics Registry.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.neurom.2026.04.006","pubmedId":"42189020","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Analysis of growth hormone releasing hormone and its analogs in urine using nano liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/orbitrap mass spectrometry.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2025.117207","pubmedId":"41138283","peptide":{"commonName":"CJC-1295","slug":"cjc-1295"}},{"title":"Intrathecal Ziconotide Long-Term Management in Chronic Postamputation Pain.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1155/cria/9977830","pubmedId":"42548796","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Therapeutic peptides in gerontology: mechanisms and applications for healthy aging.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3389/fragi.2026.1790247","pubmedId":"42021992","peptide":{"commonName":"Ipamorelin","slug":"ipamorelin"}},{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of the Dual Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Glucagon Receptor Agonist Mazdutide in Predominantly Chinese Adults With Obesity and/or Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/dom.71058","pubmedId":"42410325","peptide":{"commonName":"Mazdutide","slug":"mazdutide"}},{"title":"Optimizing teduglutide treatment regimens in children with short bowel syndrome.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3389/fped.2026.1898958","pubmedId":"42591359","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Sodium-glucose cotransporter-specific substrate αMG stimulates endogenous glucagon secretion and ameliorates obesity-associated metabolic disorders in mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.molmet.2026.102324","pubmedId":"41619806","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"The emerging landscape of performance-enhancing peptides modulating GH-IGF1 axis: bridging the gap between clinical evidence and patient self-administration.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1822475","pubmedId":"42395176","peptide":{"commonName":"Ipamorelin","slug":"ipamorelin"}},{"title":"Therapeutic Peptides in Aesthetic, Metabolic and Endocrine Conditions: Effects, Safety, Clinical Applications, and Future Perspectives.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3390/ijms27093890","pubmedId":"42123471","peptide":{"commonName":"CJC-1295","slug":"cjc-1295"}},{"title":"Injectable Peptides in Sports Medicine: A Structured Narrative Review of Evidence, Safety, and Antidoping Implications.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.2106/JBJS.RVW.26.00027","pubmedId":"42160466","peptide":{"commonName":"CJC-1295","slug":"cjc-1295"}},{"title":"Peptide Supplements and Their Therapeutic Applications in Sports Medicine.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1177/03635465261464420","pubmedId":"42578445","peptide":{"commonName":"CJC-1295","slug":"cjc-1295"}},{"title":"Development of a consensus parenteral solution weaning algorithm for children with short-bowel syndrome associated intestinal failure responding to teduglutide therapy.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1136/archdischild-2025-328743","pubmedId":"41184096","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"The Expression of Kisspeptin Receptor, Catsper 3 and Acrosome Integrity in Oligozoospermic and Normozoospermic Individuals.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3390/genes17030266","pubmedId":"41898800","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00236","pubmedId":"41490200","peptide":{"commonName":"CJC-1295","slug":"cjc-1295"}},{"title":"A new era of doping? Use of peptide and peptide-analog drugs in recreational and professional sport and bodybuilding: a critical review.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.23736/S0022-4707.26.17773-1","pubmedId":"41880199","peptide":{"commonName":"CJC-1295","slug":"cjc-1295"}},{"title":"Assessing the health-related quality of life and clinical effect in children with short bowel syndrome receiving teduglutide treatment.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1186/s12887-026-07283-7","pubmedId":"42410547","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Injectable Peptide Therapy: A Primer for Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Physicians.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1177/03635465251357593","pubmedId":"41476424","peptide":{"commonName":"CJC-1295","slug":"cjc-1295"}},{"title":"The World Anti-Doping Code International Standard: Prohibited List","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":null,"pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"AOD-9604","slug":"aod-9604"}},{"title":"Drugs@FDA: FDA-Approved Drugs database","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":null,"pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"AOD-9604","slug":"aod-9604"}},{"title":"Rapid and harmonized analytical workflow for the determination of peptidic and non-peptidic doping agents in dried and liquid blood matrices.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1039/d6an00455e","pubmedId":"42328738","peptide":{"commonName":"AOD-9604","slug":"aod-9604"}},{"title":"Quality of life for pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure treated with teduglutide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1002/jpn3.70358","pubmedId":"41858082","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Semaglutide and tirzepatide effects on cardiovascular outcomes in people with overweight or obesity in the real world (STEER).","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/dom.70436","pubmedId":"41491349","peptide":{"commonName":"Tirzepatide","slug":"tirzepatide"}},{"title":"Endocrine-metabolic effects of kisspeptin in mammals.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2026.114888","pubmedId":"41581529","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Dynamic changes of Kisspeptin during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) in polycystic ovary syndrome patients and its correlation with COH outcomes.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1835699","pubmedId":"42244951","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The emerging landscape of performance-enhancing peptides modulating GH-IGF1 axis: bridging the gap between clinical evidence and patient self-administration.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1822475","pubmedId":"42395176","peptide":{"commonName":"AOD-9604","slug":"aod-9604"}},{"title":"Growth trajectories of children with short bowel syndrome during the first year of teduglutide treatment.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2026.106702","pubmedId":"42275987","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Injectable Peptides in Sports Medicine: A Structured Narrative Review of Evidence, Safety, and Antidoping Implications.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.2106/JBJS.RVW.26.00027","pubmedId":"42160466","peptide":{"commonName":"Ipamorelin","slug":"ipamorelin"}},{"title":"Liver fibrosis and type 2 diabetes modulate postprandial incretin and glucagon responses in fatty liver disease.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s13105-026-01141-x","pubmedId":"41649634","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Association between teduglutide treatment and long-term reductions in parenteral support: An observational cohort study of adults with short bowel syndrome.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.103440","pubmedId":"42373043","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Six-Month Safety and Effectiveness of Teduglutide in Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome in Japan: Interim Analysis of Post-marketing Surveillance.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s12325-025-03398-y","pubmedId":"41324792","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"A case report on the long-term use of teduglutide in a pediatric patient with short bowel syndrome.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1002/ncp.70023","pubmedId":"40886056","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Clinical outcomes of teduglutide therapy in children with short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure: A single-center experience.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.intf.2026.100382","pubmedId":"42318325","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Outcomes and adverse effects of teduglutide treatment with periodic withdrawal in pediatric short bowel patients.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1002/jpn3.70437","pubmedId":"41954179","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Association between glucagon and stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1530/ec-25-0791","pubmedId":"41648993","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"[Use of teduglutide in short bowel syndrome in infants, children and adolescents: Position paper of the working group \"Chronic intestinal failure\" of the Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition (GPGE)].","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1055/a-2757-3525","pubmedId":"41672430","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of teduglutide in children with short bowel syndrome: a narrative review.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s00383-026-06474-8","pubmedId":"42622692","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"KNDy kisspeptin is required for metabolic homeostasis in female mice in an ovarian hormone-independent manner.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/jne.70208","pubmedId":"42219677","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Successful treatment with teduglutide in short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure secondary to small-bowel volvulus: a case report and literature review.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1097/rc9.0000000000000863","pubmedId":"42699525","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Chronic Glycaemic Control Modulates the Relationship Between GIP and Glucagon Secretion Following Oral and Enteral Nutrients in Type 2 Diabetes.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/dom.70735","pubmedId":"41943672","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Real-world experience of teduglutide for the treatment of short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.103359","pubmedId":"42167731","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s40279-026-02437-0","pubmedId":"41966639","peptide":{"commonName":"AOD-9604","slug":"aod-9604"}},{"title":"Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00236","pubmedId":"41490200","peptide":{"commonName":"AOD-9604","slug":"aod-9604"}},{"title":"Incretin and Glucagon Signalling in MASLD and MASH: Integrating Metabolic Pathways With Disease Progression.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/dom.70624","pubmedId":"41816810","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Dysregulated glucagon signaling contributes to hypoglycemia after vertical sleeve gastrectomy in mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.molmet.2026.102399","pubmedId":"42270043","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Postprandial Glucagon Metabolism in Healthy and Type 1 Diabetes.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.2337/db25-0587","pubmedId":"41264412","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Linaclotide in combination with compound polyethylene glycol powder enhances bowel preparation for colonoscopy in patients aged over 60 years: a multi-center, endoscopist-blind, randomized controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1080/00365521.2025.2588230","pubmedId":"41222080","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Intravenous Glucagon Infusion in the Management of Hypoglycemia in Infants of Diabetic Mothers.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1055/a-2788-2020","pubmedId":"41610862","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Integrated glucagon model for estimation of α-cell responsivity to glucose and amino acids during graded glucose infusion.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00389.2025","pubmedId":"41818159","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Alpha-cell glucagon is essential for maintaining β-cell function and identity in adult mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.jbc.2026.113145","pubmedId":"42134544","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Novel KISS1 Gene Mutation Leading to Male Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1055/a-2787-6622","pubmedId":"41786302","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Patent landscape and therapeutic evolution of mazdutide: a dual GLP-1/Glucagon receptor agonist for obesity and type 2 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1080/13543776.2026.2645812","pubmedId":"41820018","peptide":{"commonName":"Mazdutide","slug":"mazdutide"}},{"title":"The Triple-Agonist Revolution: Retatrutide and the Paradigm Shift in Multi-Hormonal Pharmacotherapy for Obesity and Cardiometabolic Comorbidities.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1002/cpdd.70001","pubmedId":"41545327","peptide":{"commonName":"Retatrutide","slug":"retatrutide"}},{"title":"Differential Longitudinal Effects of Glucose-Lowering Medications on Glucagon and C-peptide Responses in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE).","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.2337/dc25-2186","pubmedId":"41432725","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin-10 regulates glycosaminoglycan and decorin content in human cardiac fibroblast cultures.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s43440-026-00870-6","pubmedId":"42159865","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Targeting glucagon signaling in metabolic disorders, functional insights from zebrafish receptor knockouts.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s00018-026-06275-1","pubmedId":"42332291","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Improved Glucagon Sensitivity Following Weight Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/obr.70167","pubmedId":"42152601","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"A Prospective Evaluation of Glucagon Stimulation Test Safety in Adults With Chronic Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1002/edm2.70260","pubmedId":"42298732","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of tirzepatide: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s11154-025-09991-4","pubmedId":"41032183","peptide":{"commonName":"Tirzepatide","slug":"tirzepatide"}},{"title":"Serum kisspeptin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"41914593","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Retatrutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity: an overview.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1080/17512433.2026.2642415","pubmedId":"41785010","peptide":{"commonName":"Retatrutide","slug":"retatrutide"}},{"title":"Mazdutide Ameliorates Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease by Modulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Improving Lipid Metabolism and Alleviating Inflammation.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3390/ph19030371","pubmedId":"41901218","peptide":{"commonName":"Mazdutide","slug":"mazdutide"}},{"title":"Body composition, hepatic fat, metabolic, and safety outcomes of Tesamorelin, a GHRH analogue, in HIV-associated lipodystrophy: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.orcp.2026.01.002","pubmedId":"41545261","peptide":{"commonName":"Tesamorelin","slug":"tesamorelin"}},{"title":"Cellular loci for cagrilintide action identified.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1038/s42255-026-01541-9","pubmedId":"42260118","peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"Mazdutide versus placebo in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-10026-w","pubmedId":"41407859","peptide":{"commonName":"Mazdutide","slug":"mazdutide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Tesamorelin in People Living With HIV (PLWH) With Lipodystrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1177/23259582261475549","pubmedId":"42538058","peptide":{"commonName":"Tesamorelin","slug":"tesamorelin"}},{"title":"Targeting the NR5A1-KISS1R-EMT axis with a small-molecule inhibitor suppresses lung adenocarcinoma progression and metastasis.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.cellsig.2026.112453","pubmedId":"41765312","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews","publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.4155/fdd-2022-0009","pubmedId":"41490200","peptide":{"commonName":"Selank","slug":"selank"}},{"title":"Maternal Kisspeptin-10 Treatment Partially Rescues Fetal and Postnatal Cardiac Programming Disrupted by Maternal Hypothyroidism.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s12012-026-10185-w","pubmedId":"42726152","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin Signaling Suppresses HRas&lt;sup&gt;G12V&lt;/sup&gt;-induced Tumor Growth and Metastasis by Inhibiting SP1-dependent N-cadherin Expression in NIH3T3 Cells.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.21873/anticanres.18291","pubmedId":"42527090","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Cathelicidin LL-37-Induced Transcriptome of Human Keratinocyte Identifies Chemokine CXCL10 Link to T-Cell-Mediated Rosacea Pathogenesis through Jak1/STAT1 Pathway.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Journal of investigative dermatology","publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.jid.2025.08.003","pubmedId":"40835085","peptide":{"commonName":"LL-37","slug":"ll-37"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin improves local ovarian insulin resistance in PCOS by modulating the PI3K/AKT/GLUT4 signaling pathway.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0342158","pubmedId":"41628190","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin made in the preoptic area is required for normal estradiol-induced LH surges and optimal fertility in females.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqag049","pubmedId":"42057695","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Specific Glucagon Assay System Using a Receptor-Derived Glucagon-Binding Peptide Probe.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3390/ijms27010515","pubmedId":"41516388","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Additive Glucagonotropic and Insulinotropic Effects of Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide and Alanine in Fasted Healthy Men.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/dom.71273","pubmedId":"42712058","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Mazdutide versus dulaglutide in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-10031-z","pubmedId":"41407860","peptide":{"commonName":"Mazdutide","slug":"mazdutide"}},{"title":"Morning glucagon disrupts insulin induced hepatic metabolic memory and subsequent afternoon glucose metabolism in canines.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1832065","pubmedId":"42137354","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Altered Glucagon Response to Oral Glucose in Individuals at Different Stages of Type 1 Diabetes Development.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1210/clinem/dgaf601","pubmedId":"41172278","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Acute glucagon infusion induces natriuresis and diuresis through a direct tubular mechanism involving overlapping receptor pathways.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1152/ajprenal.00195.2026","pubmedId":"42568245","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Lower glucagon response and attenuated hepatic glucagon signaling in MASLD.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.diabet.2026.101787","pubmedId":"42580550","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist, in people with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycaemic control with diet and exercise (TRANSCEND-T2D-1): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/S0140-6736(26)00967-0","pubmedId":"42250575","peptide":{"commonName":"Retatrutide","slug":"retatrutide"}},{"title":"The Glucagonocentric Basis of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Pancreas-Heart Crosstalk Linking α-Cell Dysregulation to Cardiac Metabolic Stress and Fibrosis.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1002/cph4.70145","pubmedId":"41947455","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin exacerbates androgen-induced follicular dysplasia by promoting Drp1 phosphorylation imbalance and mitochondrial excessive fission in granulosa cells of polycystic ovary syndrome.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1186/s13048-026-02055-4","pubmedId":"42057167","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The Glucagonotropic Effect of GIP Is Negated During Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.2337/db25-1128","pubmedId":"42085567","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"The kisspeptin analog C6 elicits greater tachyphylaxis and transcriptional activation than kisspeptin-10 and -54.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.mce.2026.112854","pubmedId":"42379494","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Mazdutide and Orforglipron-New Evidence in Obesity and Diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1001/jama.2026.10443","pubmedId":"42251768","peptide":{"commonName":"Mazdutide","slug":"mazdutide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin and early pregnancy: Insights from animal models into hormonal regulation and miscarriage.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/jne.70120","pubmedId":"41310413","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Postprandial Glucagon Action in the Human Brain.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/dom.70801","pubmedId":"42017287","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Glucagon and beta-cell function changes before and after dietary weight loss-induced metabolic improvements in type 2 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.diabres.2026.113382","pubmedId":"42341884","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin Restores Placental mTOR Signaling and Improves Glucose Homeostasis Mediators Disrupted by Maternal Hypothyroidism in Rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/apha.70188","pubmedId":"41782211","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin as a test of hypothalamic dysfunction in pubertal and reproductive disorders.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/andr.13843","pubmedId":"39834030","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Thymosin Alpha-1 Restores Chemotherapy-Induced Antitumor Immunity by Chaperoning a MicroRNA Ligand of TLR7 in Dendritic Cells.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-25-5547","pubmedId":"42295795","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin alpha-1","slug":"thymosin-alpha-1"}},{"title":"Chronic subcutaneous kisspeptin-10 stimulates gonadotropin secretion for 12 days in healthy men.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1093/ejendo/lvag134","pubmedId":"42549827","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The KISS1/KISS1R Axis in Human Placentation: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications for Foetal Growth Restriction and Pre-Eclampsia.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3390/ijms27093748","pubmedId":"42123334","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"α-cell SLC38A5 supports amino acid-induced α-cell proliferation and glucagon secretion.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1830329","pubmedId":"42375320","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin Neurons as Integrative Hub: Cross-Talk of HPO-HPT-HPA Axes in Perimenopausal Reproductive Health.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1002/cph4.70115","pubmedId":"41721211","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin-54 confers renal protection in diabetic nephropathy by ameliorating endothelial permeability through ZEB1 inhibition.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.tice.2026.103503","pubmedId":"41950743","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin-54 attenuates acute lung injury in septic mice through AMPK-mediated suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2026.102639","pubmedId":"42418889","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin-10 attenuates pulmonary arterial hypertension via restoration of mitochondrial function in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2026.102611","pubmedId":"41955717","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin-2 stimulates testicular function in adult pejerrey (Odontesthes bonariensis): Does it act directly on the testes?","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2026.112043","pubmedId":"42364900","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin System: A Modulator of Neuroinflammation and Behaviour in Temporal Lobe Epileptic Rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s12035-026-06171-6","pubmedId":"42680947","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"EXPRESS: Comparing the Efficacy of Transmucosal and Subcutaneous Glucagon Administration in Response to Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia in Healthy Cats.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1177/1098612x261471152","pubmedId":"42444066","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Associations between kisspeptin hormone level and its genetic polymorphisms with polycystic ovary syndrome.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1002/ijgo.70411","pubmedId":"40704698","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Exploring the Role of Kisspeptin in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Its Associated Pregnancy Complications.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/obr.70008","pubmedId":"40776390","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The role of hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons in coordinating reproduction and metabolism.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/jne.70128","pubmedId":"41407546","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin as a Precision Biomarker in Personalized Pharmacy: Implications for Individualized Monitoring of Early Pregnancy Viability.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3390/pharmacy14030084","pubmedId":"42347060","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Daily Rhythmic Changes in Kisspeptin Gene Expression and Testosterone Hormone in Male Syrian Hamsters (&lt;i&gt;Mesocricetus auratus&lt;/i&gt;).","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.2108/zs250118","pubmedId":"42555223","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"First clinical use of the kisspeptin analog TAK-683 in the treatment of a follicular cyst in a goat: case report.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s11259-026-11141-3","pubmedId":"41817855","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ (GHK-Cu) Attenuates CuSO4 or LPS induced-inflammation in Zebrafish larvae model.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.ejphar.2026.178880","pubmedId":"41997403","peptide":{"commonName":"GHK-Cu","slug":"ghk-cu"}},{"title":"Glucagon-stimulated copeptin response in children: a proof-of-concept study.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1833629","pubmedId":"42369064","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Glucagon receptor blockade protects spermatogenesis by enhancing PFKFB3-mediated lactate production in Sertoli cells.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1186/s12967-026-08588-y","pubmedId":"42458466","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"A non-enzymatic function of neuraminidase 1 restrains hepatic glucagon response in mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-026-72630-2","pubmedId":"42091883","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Therapeutic potential of nasal kisspeptin-54 for reducing α-synuclein accumulation and restoring hippocampal synaptic plasticity in a 6-hydroxydopamine-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.55730/1300-0144.6376","pubmedId":"42676968","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Analysis and Characterization of Kisspeptin and Its Analogues in Serum and Urine Samples by Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Doping Control Purposes.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1002/dta.70081","pubmedId":"42057309","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Hepatic steatosis in humans is associated with preserved glucagon action on amino acid metabolism.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1172/jci200913","pubmedId":"41433112","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Synergistic mitochondrial homeostasis regulation and cholinergic circuits reconstruction via a one-step synthesized multifunctional hydrogel facilitates spinal cord injury repair.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Bioactive materials","publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.12.009","pubmedId":"41551770","peptide":{"commonName":"Elamipretide","slug":"elamipretide"}},{"title":"Acute impact of afamelanotide on UVR erythemal and melanogenic responses in healthy humans in vivo: an exploratory study.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s43630-026-00986-x","pubmedId":"42678656","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"Phase-dependent changes in serum kisspeptin and irisin levels across the menstrual cycle in healthy women.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02716-z","pubmedId":"41042501","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Investigation of the stability profile of therapeutic α-MSH analogue: Insights from liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry analysis of afamelanotide.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117362","pubmedId":"41547183","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"Glucagon secretion by pancreatic alpha-cells requires an intact tubulin-cytoskeleton-primary cilium axis.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1186/s10020-026-01428-1","pubmedId":"41667949","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"eNAMPT induces alpha-cell mass expansion but impaired glucagon counter regulatory response.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqag061","pubmedId":"42271608","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Prolonged Somatostatin Receptor 2 Antagonism Enhances Glucagon Response to Hypoglycemia in Male Diabetic Rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqaf192","pubmedId":"41502124","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Is an emerging pharmacotherapeutic era for rare mitochondrial diseases here?","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Cell metabolism","publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2026.04.014","pubmedId":"42229401","peptide":{"commonName":"Elamipretide","slug":"elamipretide"}},{"title":"Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)","publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1038/sj.embor.7400236","pubmedId":"41966639","peptide":{"commonName":"Elamipretide","slug":"elamipretide"}},{"title":"RePOWER: An International, Prospective, Non-Interventional Registry of Patients With Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Clinical genetics","publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/cge.70026","pubmedId":"40785393","peptide":{"commonName":"Elamipretide","slug":"elamipretide"}},{"title":"Treatment With 9-mg Mazdutide for Weight Reduction in Chinese Adults With Obesity: Research Summary.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1001/jama.2026.8427","pubmedId":"42251596","peptide":{"commonName":"Mazdutide","slug":"mazdutide"}},{"title":"Afamelanotide improves quality of life and light tolerance in Austrian erythropoietic protoporphyria patients.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/ddg.15996","pubmedId":"41793078","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"Assessment of mitochondrial peptide humanin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: serum and skeletal muscle profile.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s40618-025-02747-6","pubmedId":"41186863","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Glucagon promotes net hepatic glycogen repletion following meal ingestion.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1172/jci.insight.201076","pubmedId":"41774508","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Glucagon may be extracted across the liver by a glucagon receptor-dependent mechanism, and this is impaired in an animal model of fatty liver disease.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00493.2025","pubmedId":"41661080","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Partial restoration of counterregulatory circulating glucagon by dapagliflozin and low-dose glibenclamide in men with type 1 diabetes: in vitro studies and randomised clinical crossover trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2026.106298","pubmedId":"42155411","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Mazdutide in Managing Overweight and Obesity Among Non-Diabetic Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/dom.70643","pubmedId":"41804840","peptide":{"commonName":"Mazdutide","slug":"mazdutide"}},{"title":"Stathmin-2 mediates paracrine hormone regulation of glucagon through lysosomal trafficking in αTC1-6 cells.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1113/jp291537","pubmedId":"42625306","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Prostate T2-weighted spin-echo MRI with and without glucagon: a paired scan quality assessment.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s00261-025-05215-0","pubmedId":"41081882","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Effects of Pharmacological GIP Infusion on Insulin, Glucagon, and Cardiovascular Responses During Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.2337/db26-0267","pubmedId":"42447284","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Twelve weeks of voluntary wheel running restores glucagon sensitivity in middle-aged mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00244.2025","pubmedId":"41494661","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of pemvidutide in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: a GRADE-assessed meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s00210-026-05257-1","pubmedId":"41879841","peptide":{"commonName":"Pemvidutide","slug":"pemvidutide"}},{"title":"Elamipretide: First Approval.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Drugs","publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1002/jcsm.12559","pubmedId":"41335372","peptide":{"commonName":"Elamipretide","slug":"elamipretide"}},{"title":"Mazdutide versus Semaglutide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity: Rationale, design and baseline data of DREAMS-3 phase 3 trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.cct.2025.108150","pubmedId":"41260459","peptide":{"commonName":"Mazdutide","slug":"mazdutide"}},{"title":"Robust serotonin activation of the kisspeptin GnRH pulse generator in male and female mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqag034","pubmedId":"41906629","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"GABA receptor modulation of arcuate kisspeptin neuron bursting and synchronization activity in female mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/jne.70170","pubmedId":"41912143","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Prolonged oscillating preoptic area kisspeptin neuron activity underlies the preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge in mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.7554/elife.109215","pubmedId":"42095546","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Mazdutide 9 mg in Chinese adults with a body mass index ≥30 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; but without diabetes: A phase 2 randomized controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.medj.2026.101063","pubmedId":"41875890","peptide":{"commonName":"Mazdutide","slug":"mazdutide"}},{"title":"Vesicular GABA transport expression in kisspeptin cells may contribute to the preovulatory gonadotropin surge.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2026.1807596","pubmedId":"42100207","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The ApoA-IV-LRP1 Signaling Axis: A Novel Insulin-Independent Pathway for the Suppression of Diabetic Hyperglucagonemia.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3390/cells15131229","pubmedId":"42439702","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews","publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.4155/fdd-2022-0009","pubmedId":"41490200","peptide":{"commonName":"Semax","slug":"semax"}},{"title":"Glucagon receptor signaling is indispensable for the healthspan effects of caloric restriction in aging male mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s11357-025-01899-w","pubmedId":"40993467","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Glucagon and insulin prescribing trends and cost implications in Japan: a 10-year analysis using the National Database Open Data Japan.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s13340-026-00880-y","pubmedId":"41767683","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Evaluation of Betatrophin, Chemerin, and Kisspeptin Levels in Acromegaly Patients.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.2174/0118715303375180250312035323","pubmedId":"40264311","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Role of glucagon in metabolic diseases.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/jdi.70416","pubmedId":"42593182","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Gonadotropin secretion and ovarian response of KISS1 knockout gilts treated with hormone analogs activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis†.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1093/biolre/ioaf174","pubmedId":"40751666","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Molecular and functional characterization of the kisspeptin receptor Kissr3 in the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea).","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2026.111225","pubmedId":"41912081","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Glucagon receptor deficiency is associated with glucocorticoid receptor activation and proteolytic remodeling in gastrocnemius of male mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00076.2026","pubmedId":"42572238","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Deciphering protein-DNA interactions of &lt;i&gt;KISS1&lt;/i&gt; with transcription factors through molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and gene expression analysis.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1080/07391102.2025.2553344","pubmedId":"40910466","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Neurotransmitter and neuromodulator imbalance in kisspeptin/GnRH regulation in rodent models of polycystic ovary syndrome and its implications for mental health disorders: A systematic review.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116262","pubmedId":"42140496","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"TRPM7 kinase regulates α-cell proliferation and glucagon production in mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.molmet.2026.102317","pubmedId":"41520832","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Network Topology and Interactomic Analysis Reveal the Regulatory Framework of the Humanin Protein Family (MTRNR2Lx Class).","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3390/biom16070981","pubmedId":"42509775","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Effect of somatostatin receptor 2 antagonism on glucagon counterregulation during a hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic-hypoglycaemic glucose clamp in adult men and women with long-standing type 1 diabetes: a randomised crossover phase 1 study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s00125-026-06748-9","pubmedId":"42168649","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Optical control of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus kisspeptin neuronal network with a photoswitchable peptide that drives luteinizing hormone release in female mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/jne.70255","pubmedId":"42711067","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Photoperiodic modulation of puberty through melatonin-kisspeptin-GnRH signalling in female Wistar rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s43630-026-00895-z","pubmedId":"42018125","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Preoptic kisspeptin-nNOS-GnRH (KiNG) neuronal network regulates LH rhythmicity through activation-inhibition in mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-026-69316-0","pubmedId":"41667486","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Evolution of neurohormone function revealed by actions of kisspeptin-type peptides in an echinoderm.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1186/s12915-026-02555-1","pubmedId":"41709256","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Amino Acid Sensing by the α-Cell Mitochondrial Phosphoenolpyruvate Cycle Regulates Intracellular Ca2+ Levels Without Affecting Glucagon Secretion.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.2337/db25-0510","pubmedId":"41525135","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Serological biomarker models composed of luteinizing hormone, kisspeptin, vitamin D and estradiol, and their clinical test value in girls.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.jped.2025.101477","pubmedId":"41253291","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Effect of kisspeptin with or without cabergoline on the estrus cycle and reproductive hormones in female dogs.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117633","pubmedId":"40816115","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"WEGOVY (semaglutide) prescribing information, revised June 2026","evidenceTier":"fda_approved","sourceType":"official_product_labeling","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":null,"pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Semaglutide","slug":"semaglutide"}},{"title":"Mitochondrial NCLX couples glucagon- and PDE2A-dependent signals to regulate hepatic lipid metabolism.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.molmet.2026.102433","pubmedId":"42641876","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Integrated transcriptomics and miRNA-mRNA network analysis reveals Kisspeptin-10 mediated regulation of EMT and apoptosis in glioblastoma.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2025.108826","pubmedId":"41389577","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"High-Fat Diet Promotes Glycolysis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Suppressing Hepatic Kisspeptin Signaling in Mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1002/mc.70068","pubmedId":"41328591","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Pancreatic α-cell sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) does not appear to contribute to hyperglucagonemia and glucose intolerance in diabetic mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1507/endocrj.ej25-0403","pubmedId":"41371691","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Dlk1-deficient mice achieve puberty despite low body weight and low levels of leptin and kisspeptin.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1111/jne.70248","pubmedId":"42677749","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"A simple mechanistic model for insulin-glucose-glucagon dynamics and its implications for diabetes management.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3934/mbe.2026060","pubmedId":"42448581","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Early loss and progressive deterioration of glucagon responses to hypoglycemia in children with type 1 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1136/bmjdrc-2026-005959","pubmedId":"42648789","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"[Effects of cardiac rehabilitation and predictive value of Humanin/CRP ratio in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure].","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20260515-00320","pubmedId":"42736132","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Mitochondrial-derived peptides MOTS-c and humanin attenuate dexamethasone-induced atrophy in human skeletal muscle cells.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.14814/phy2.70791","pubmedId":"41732124","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Effect of active immunization with recombinant GnRH6-kisspeptin fusion protein on reproductive function in male rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1017/s0967199425000036","pubmedId":"40078105","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Intranasal pramlintide matches intraperitoneal effects on food intake and gastric emptying in mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s12020-025-04220-z","pubmedId":"40169506","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Central pramlintide administration potently suppresses operant responding for sucrose and locomotor activity in male rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115114","pubmedId":"41022243","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Safety and efficacy of 24 weeks of pemvidutide in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: A randomized, controlled clinical trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.jhepr.2025.101483","pubmedId":"41113119","peptide":{"commonName":"Pemvidutide","slug":"pemvidutide"}},{"title":"Safety and efficacy of weekly pemvidutide versus placebo for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (IMPACT): 24-week results from a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, phase 2b study.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/S0140-6736(25)02114-2","pubmedId":"41237796","peptide":{"commonName":"Pemvidutide","slug":"pemvidutide"}},{"title":"Case Report: Efficacy and safety of dose-escalated Mazdutide, a GLP-1/GCGR dual agonist, in an adolescent with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hyperuricemia.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1654506","pubmedId":"41030857","peptide":{"commonName":"Mazdutide","slug":"mazdutide"}},{"title":"Effects of Tesamorelin on Neurocognitive Impairment in Persons With HIV and Abdominal Obesity.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf012","pubmedId":"39813152","peptide":{"commonName":"Tesamorelin","slug":"tesamorelin"}},{"title":"Mazdutide: First Approval.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s40265-025-02249-y","pubmedId":"41028652","peptide":{"commonName":"Mazdutide","slug":"mazdutide"}},{"title":"Mazdutide, a dual agonist targeting GLP-1R and GCGR, mitigates diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction: mechanistic insights from multi-omics analysis.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105791","pubmedId":"40479843","peptide":{"commonName":"Mazdutide","slug":"mazdutide"}},{"title":"Tirzepatide for overweight and obesity management.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1080/14656566.2024.2436595","pubmedId":"39632534","peptide":{"commonName":"Tirzepatide","slug":"tirzepatide"}},{"title":"Mazdutide reduces body weight in adults with overweight or obesity: A high-dose Phase 1 trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/dom.70040","pubmedId":"40832785","peptide":{"commonName":"Mazdutide","slug":"mazdutide"}},{"title":"Cardiovascular Outcomes with Tirzepatide versus Dulaglutide in Type 2 Diabetes.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa2505928","pubmedId":"41406444","peptide":{"commonName":"Tirzepatide","slug":"tirzepatide"}},{"title":"Body composition changes during weight reduction with tirzepatide in the SURMOUNT-1 study of adults with obesity or overweight.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/dom.16275","pubmedId":"39996356","peptide":{"commonName":"Tirzepatide","slug":"tirzepatide"}},{"title":"Tirzepatide as Compared with Semaglutide for the Treatment of Obesity.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa2416394","pubmedId":"40353578","peptide":{"commonName":"Tirzepatide","slug":"tirzepatide"}},{"title":"Tirzepatide for Obesity Treatment and Diabetes Prevention.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa2410819","pubmedId":"39536238","peptide":{"commonName":"Tirzepatide","slug":"tirzepatide"}},{"title":"Once-Weekly Mazdutide in Chinese Adults with Obesity or Overweight.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa2411528","pubmedId":"40421736","peptide":{"commonName":"Mazdutide","slug":"mazdutide"}},{"title":"Are We Ready to Measure Skin Permeation of Modern Antiaging GHK-Cu Tripeptide Encapsulated in Liposomes?","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3390/molecules30010136","pubmedId":"39795193","peptide":{"commonName":"GHK-Cu","slug":"ghk-cu"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin isoforms: versatile players in reproduction and beyond.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1530/jme-25-0001","pubmedId":"40271959","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Copper Complexes with New Glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Hyaluronan Conjugates Show Antioxidant Properties and Osteogenic and Angiogenic Synergistic Effects.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00545","pubmedId":"40123442","peptide":{"commonName":"GHK-Cu","slug":"ghk-cu"}},{"title":"Topically applied GHK as an anti-wrinkle peptide: Advantages, problems and prospective.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.34172/bi.30071","pubmedId":"39963574","peptide":{"commonName":"GHK-Cu","slug":"ghk-cu"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin mediates the impact of chronic psychological stress on reproductive and metabolic dysregulation in polycystic ovary syndrome: evidence from human and rat models.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s13048-025-01918-6","pubmedId":"41430614","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The promise of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) for the treatment of obesity: a look at phase 2 and 3 pipelines.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1080/13543784.2025.2472408","pubmedId":"40022548","peptide":{"commonName":"Retatrutide","slug":"retatrutide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Retatrutide in the Treatment of Diabetes and/or Obesity Comorbid with Chronic Kidney disease: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.26574/maedica.2025.20.4.824","pubmedId":"41537067","peptide":{"commonName":"Retatrutide","slug":"retatrutide"}},{"title":"Appetite, eating attitudes, and eating behaviours during treatment with retatrutide in adults with type 2 diabetes: Results of a phase 2 study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/dom.70097","pubmedId":"40916752","peptide":{"commonName":"Retatrutide","slug":"retatrutide"}},{"title":"Decreases in circulating ANGPTL3/8 concentrations following retatrutide treatment parallel reductions in serum lipids.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/dom.16661","pubmedId":"40726454","peptide":{"commonName":"Retatrutide","slug":"retatrutide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of triple hormone receptor agonist retatrutide for the management of obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1080/17512433.2025.2450254","pubmedId":"39817343","peptide":{"commonName":"Retatrutide","slug":"retatrutide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin-dependent puberty onset triggered by increased Kiss1 and Pdyn expression in arcuate Tac3 neurons under reduced estrogen negative feedback and sufficient energy balance in female rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1159/000548403","pubmedId":"40947842","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Efficacy of Tirzepatide, Retatrutide, and Semaglutide for Weight Loss in Obese Individuals Without Diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/acem.70088","pubmedId":"40583149","peptide":{"commonName":"Retatrutide","slug":"retatrutide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of retatrutide for the treatment of obesity: a systematic review of clinical trials.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1515/jbcpp-2025-0113","pubmedId":"40728138","peptide":{"commonName":"Retatrutide","slug":"retatrutide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, Dual Agonists, and Retatrutide for Weight Loss in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Bayesian NMA.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1002/oby.24360","pubmedId":"40685589","peptide":{"commonName":"Retatrutide","slug":"retatrutide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of retatrutide, a novel GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptor agonist for obesity treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1080/08998280.2025.2456441","pubmedId":"40291085","peptide":{"commonName":"Retatrutide","slug":"retatrutide"}},{"title":"Effects of retatrutide on body composition in people with type 2 diabetes: a substudy of a phase 2, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, randomised trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/S2213-8587(25)00092-0","pubmedId":"40609566","peptide":{"commonName":"Retatrutide","slug":"retatrutide"}},{"title":"Retatrutide-A Game Changer in Obesity Pharmacotherapy.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3390/biom15060796","pubmedId":"40563436","peptide":{"commonName":"Retatrutide","slug":"retatrutide"}},{"title":"Aging and Thymosin Alpha-1.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3390/ijms262311470","pubmedId":"41373628","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin alpha-1","slug":"thymosin-alpha-1"}},{"title":"Tirzepatide as Compared with Semaglutide for the Treatment of Obesity.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa2416394","pubmedId":"40353578","peptide":{"commonName":"Semaglutide","slug":"semaglutide"}},{"title":"Metabolic and Paracrine Heterogeneity of Pancreatic Glucagon-Secreting α-Cells.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.2337/db24-1053","pubmedId":"40184031","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide and Glucagon After Weight Loss Induced by Diet or Bariatric Surgery.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1002/oby.70049","pubmedId":"41024443","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin fiber and receptor distribution analysis suggests its potential role in central sensorial processing and behavioral state control.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/jne.70007","pubmedId":"40065551","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Effects of Prophylactic Oxytocin or Carbetocin on Troponin Release and Postpartum Haemorrhage at Planned Caesarean Delivery: A Double-Blind Randomised Controlled Trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/1471-0528.18312","pubmedId":"40772429","peptide":{"commonName":"Carbetocin","slug":"carbetocin"}},{"title":"Oxytocin versus carbetocin at elective Cesarean delivery in parturients with class III obesity: a double-blind randomized controlled noninferiority trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s12630-024-02891-2","pubmedId":"39760981","peptide":{"commonName":"Carbetocin","slug":"carbetocin"}},{"title":"Nonlinear Mixed Effects Modeling of Glucagon Kinetics Assessed Using [&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt;N]-Glucagon in Individuals With and Without Type 1 Diabetes.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1109/embc58623.2025.11254301","pubmedId":"41336693","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin-54 Restores Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity via GATA-4 in Ischemic Stroke.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/cbdd.70134","pubmedId":"40454669","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Tirzepatide for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa2410027","pubmedId":"39555826","peptide":{"commonName":"Tirzepatide","slug":"tirzepatide"}},{"title":"EGRIFTA (tesamorelin acetate) prescribing information, revised March 2025","evidenceTier":"fda_approved","sourceType":"official_product_labeling","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":null,"pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"Tesamorelin","slug":"tesamorelin"}},{"title":"Emerging pharmacotherapies for obesity: A systematic review.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1124/pharmrev.123.001045","pubmedId":"39952695","peptide":{"commonName":"Retatrutide","slug":"retatrutide"}},{"title":"Contractile Effects of Glucagon in Mouse Cardiac Preparations.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3390/ijms27010126","pubmedId":"41516006","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Modeling the effect of glucagon on endogenous glucose production in healthy individuals under meal-like conditions.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00172.2025","pubmedId":"41187984","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin Suppresses the Growth of Primary Pterygial Cells via Inhibiting Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) Ligands in Microenvironment.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1080/02713683.2025.2511866","pubmedId":"40555256","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Metabolic Effects of Glucagon Stimulations in Type 1 Diabetes and Healthy Controls.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1210/clinem/dgaf030","pubmedId":"39829147","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Bone turnover markers predict changes in bone mineral density in men treated with abaloparatide: results from the abaloparatide for the treatment of men with osteoporosis (ATOM) study.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1093/jbmr/zjaf003","pubmedId":"39791502","peptide":{"commonName":"Abaloparatide","slug":"abaloparatide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin participates in the positive reward state induced by paced mating and modulates sexual receptivity and paced mating behavior in female rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105671","pubmedId":"39637765","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Comparative Effectiveness of Abaloparatide and Teriparatide in Women 50 Years of Age and Older: Update of a Real-World Retrospective Analysis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.eprac.2024.10.017","pubmedId":"39551187","peptide":{"commonName":"Abaloparatide","slug":"abaloparatide"}},{"title":"Probability of achieving bone mineral density treatment targets with abaloparatide and teriparatide.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1093/jbmr/zjaf053","pubmedId":"40214193","peptide":{"commonName":"Abaloparatide","slug":"abaloparatide"}},{"title":"PTH1 receptor agonists for fracture risk: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00198-025-07440-1","pubmedId":"40047881","peptide":{"commonName":"Abaloparatide","slug":"abaloparatide"}},{"title":"Desmopressin for nocturnal enuresis in children.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"The Cochrane database of systematic reviews","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1002/14651858.cd002112.pub2","pubmedId":"40728007","peptide":{"commonName":"Desmopressin","slug":"desmopressin"}},{"title":"Splanchnic and Leg Glucagon Metabolism in Healthy Individuals and Those With Type 1 Diabetes: First-in-Human Study Using [13C9,15N1]Glucagon.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.2337/db24-1064","pubmedId":"40445879","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Engineering Glucagon via Molecular and Formulation Strategies: From Natural Hormone to Effective and Stable Therapeutics.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1002/cbic.202500270","pubmedId":"40459429","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"In silico evaluation of pramlintide dosing algorithms in artificial pancreas systems.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.compbiomed.2025.110447","pubmedId":"40513482","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Augmented glucagon-induced gluconeogenesis in primary hepatocytes from Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1093/bbb/zbaf133","pubmedId":"40928465","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin-13 induces hyperalgesia and modulates the expression of opioid and glutamate receptors in mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2025.174098","pubmedId":"40939812","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Prolonged glucagon exposure rewires lipid oxidation and drives diabetic kidney disease progression.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-63529-5","pubmedId":"41022721","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin-54 ameliorates chondrocyte senescence in osteoarthritis via SIRT3-mediated telomere protection and p53 acetylation inhibition.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2025.102562","pubmedId":"41022004","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin system-physiology and clinical perspectives.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.ando.2025.101793","pubmedId":"40446957","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Effect of desmopressin on bleeding outcomes after native renal biopsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"Scientific reports","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-24092-7","pubmedId":"41203719","peptide":{"commonName":"Desmopressin","slug":"desmopressin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin control of hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian functions.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.06.005","pubmedId":"39864941","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Cagrilintide-Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1056/nejmc2513141","pubmedId":"41259764","peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin as a marker for male infertility: a comparative study of serum and seminal plasma kisspeptin between fertile and infertile men.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s10815-025-03644-w","pubmedId":"40936057","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Impaired Glucagon Suppression Accompanied by Liver Fat Accumulation Mediated Worse Blood Glucose Control in Patients With T2D.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1210/clinem/dgaf303","pubmedId":"40406971","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"A Pilot Outpatient Assessment of a Fully Closed-Loop Insulin and Pramlintide System.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1177/19322968251371046","pubmedId":"41174925","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin 10 Inhibited the Proliferation, Migration, and Stemness of Esophageal Cancer Cells via Regulating the SIX1/Wnt/β-Catetin Signaling.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1002/jbt.70244","pubmedId":"40192612","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Once-Weekly Mazdutide in Obesity or Overweight. Reply.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1056/nejmc2509841","pubmedId":"40929642","peptide":{"commonName":"Mazdutide","slug":"mazdutide"}},{"title":"Fasting glucagon as an independent risk indicator for CAD in patient with type 2 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2025.1749418","pubmedId":"41458542","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Using glucagon receptor antagonism to evaluate the physiological effects of extrapancreatic glucagon in totally pancreatectomised individuals: a randomised controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00125-025-06534-z","pubmedId":"40968190","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Glucagon, the Alpha Cell, and Potential Targets for Diabetes Treatment.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqaf162","pubmedId":"41206016","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Glucagon in Pediatric Metabolic Disorders: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Perspectives.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3390/pediatric17050104","pubmedId":"41149695","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Glucagon increases plasma levels of cyclic AMP responses in mice and humans, and this may be independent of MASLD.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00296.2025","pubmedId":"40983348","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Evaluation of a Bivalirudin Dosing and Monitoring Protocol in Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.5863/1551-6776-30.2.218","pubmedId":"40717748","peptide":{"commonName":"Bivalirudin","slug":"bivalirudin"}},{"title":"Preliminary insights into monitoring bivalirudin anticoagulation: A retrospective cohort study of aPTT versus a chromogenic anti-IIa assay.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of clinical anesthesia","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.jclinane.2025.111836","pubmedId":"40245747","peptide":{"commonName":"Bivalirudin","slug":"bivalirudin"}},{"title":"Glucagon acutely stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2025.171448","pubmedId":"41093268","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin Receptor Agonists and Antagonists: Strategies for Discovery and Implications for Human Health and Disease.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3390/ijms26104890","pubmedId":"40430029","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin Administration Stimulates Reproductive Hormones but Does Not Affect Anxiety in Humans.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1210/clinem/dgaf128","pubmedId":"40036336","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Female Syrian hamster analyses of bremelanotide, a US FDA approved drug for the treatment of female hypoactive sexual desire disorder.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.neuropharm.2025.110299","pubmedId":"39793696","peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin and neurokinin B: roles in reproductive health.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1152/physrev.00015.2024","pubmedId":"39813600","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"German Cohort Observational Study to Investigate the Short- and Long-Term Safety and Clinical Effectiveness of Afamelanotide 16 mg (SCENESSE) in Patients With Erythropoietic Protoporphyria (EPP).","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/phpp.13012","pubmedId":"40082741","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults With Alcohol Use Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.4789","pubmedId":"39937469","peptide":{"commonName":"Semaglutide","slug":"semaglutide"}},{"title":"Uterotonic agents for preventing postpartum haemorrhage: a network meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"The Cochrane database of systematic reviews","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1002/14651858.cd011689.pub4","pubmedId":"40237648","peptide":{"commonName":"Oxytocin","slug":"oxytocin"}},{"title":"Safety profile of lanreotide: a retrospective post-marketing pharmacovigilance study based on the real-world data from FAERS database.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Endocrine","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s12020-025-04301-z","pubmedId":"40468101","peptide":{"commonName":"Lanreotide","slug":"lanreotide"}},{"title":"Comparative analysis of adverse event profiles of lanreotide and octreotide in somatostatin-responsive endocrine and neoplastic diseases.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Scientific reports","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-03850-7","pubmedId":"40437077","peptide":{"commonName":"Lanreotide","slug":"lanreotide"}},{"title":"The dual GLP-1-glucagon agonist pemvidutide in MASH: a phase 2b trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(25)02304-9","pubmedId":"41352959","peptide":{"commonName":"Pemvidutide","slug":"pemvidutide"}},{"title":"Reduced risk of cesarean delivery with oxytocin discontinuation in active labor: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"American journal of obstetrics and gynecology","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.ajog.2025.03.015","pubmedId":"40113155","peptide":{"commonName":"Oxytocin","slug":"oxytocin"}},{"title":"Once-weekly semaglutide 7·2 mg in adults with obesity (STEP UP): a randomised, controlled, phase 3b trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/S2213-8587(25)00226-8","pubmedId":"40961952","peptide":{"commonName":"Semaglutide","slug":"semaglutide"}},{"title":"Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of an Octreotide Depot (CAM2029) in the Treatment of Acromegaly.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Clinical pharmacokinetics","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s40262-025-01522-3","pubmedId":"40418492","peptide":{"commonName":"Octreotide","slug":"octreotide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of tirzepatide in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-PEDS): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01774-X","pubmedId":"40975112","peptide":{"commonName":"Tirzepatide","slug":"tirzepatide"}},{"title":"PTH1 receptor agonists for fracture risk: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00198-025-07440-1","pubmedId":"40047881","peptide":{"commonName":"Teriparatide","slug":"teriparatide"}},{"title":"Neutrophils in MASLD and MASH.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"BMB reports","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.5483/BMBRep.2024-0058","pubmedId":"39757200","peptide":{"commonName":"Alpha-defensin 1","slug":"defensin-alpha-1"}},{"title":"Effect of pemvidutide, a GLP-1/glucagon dual receptor agonist, on MASLD: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.jhep.2024.07.006","pubmedId":"39002641","peptide":{"commonName":"Pemvidutide","slug":"pemvidutide"}},{"title":"Boosting oxytocin in postpartum depression: Intranasal oxytocin enhances maternal positive affect and regard for the infant.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107530","pubmedId":"40614394","peptide":{"commonName":"Oxytocin","slug":"oxytocin"}},{"title":"Potential Role of High-Intensity Interval Training-Induced Increase in Humanin Levels for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/jcmm.70396","pubmedId":"39936487","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Oligoasthenozoospermia is alleviated in a mouse model by [Gly14]-humanin-mediated attenuation of oxidative stress and ferroptosis.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/andr.13786","pubmedId":"39435863","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Detection of Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide Humanin in Semen and Reproductive Tract of Caprine Along With Its Relation to Seasonality.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/rda.70113","pubmedId":"40838645","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Insights into the Biomarker Potential of Humanin and Mots-c Expression and Telomere Length in Alzheimer's Disease.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3390/ijms262210866","pubmedId":"41303353","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"A Review on the Potential Role of Humanin Peptide and its Analogs in the Regulation of Autophagy Pathways for Therapeutic Application in Metabolic Disorders.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.2174/0109298665363711250112050930","pubmedId":"39950467","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Ameliorative effects of Gly[14]-humanin on cyclophosphamide-induced premature ovarian insufficiency and underlying mechanisms.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.rbmo.2025.104901","pubmedId":"40639309","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"The neuroprotective role of Humanin in Alzheimer's disease: The molecular effects.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.ejphar.2025.177510","pubmedId":"40090538","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Diagnostic relevance of Humanin, GAS5 and miR-21/miR-103 in prostate disease risk stratification.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s10238-025-01810-z","pubmedId":"40768089","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"HUMANIN produced by human efferocytic macrophages promotes the resolution of inflammation.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41419-025-07909-1","pubmedId":"40877234","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"MOTS-c: Magical Molecule for Diabetic Cardiomyopathy?","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s10557-025-07689-y","pubmedId":"40172798","peptide":{"commonName":"MOTS-c","slug":"mots-c"}},{"title":"Exercise-Induced Muscle-Fat Crosstalk: Molecular Mediators and Their Pharmacological Modulation for the Maintenance of Metabolic Flexibility in Aging.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3390/ph18081222","pubmedId":"40872612","peptide":{"commonName":"MOTS-c","slug":"mots-c"}},{"title":"Serum Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-c) Dynamics as a Complementary Marker of Treatment Response in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: A Prospective Analysis.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.7759/cureus.98204","pubmedId":"41479490","peptide":{"commonName":"MOTS-c","slug":"mots-c"}},{"title":"Circulating Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S Ribosomal RNA Type-c Is Higher in Acute Coronary Syndrome and Is a Prognostic Biomarker for Major Cardiac Events in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Case-Control Study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1161/JAHA.125.041905","pubmedId":"41368821","peptide":{"commonName":"MOTS-c","slug":"mots-c"}},{"title":"Plasma Humanin and Non-Coding RNAs as Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Pilot Study.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3390/ncrna11010005","pubmedId":"39846683","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"S14G-Humanin ameliorates ovarian dysfunction in a cyclophosphamide-induced premature ovarian insufficiency mouse model.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1093/molehr/gaaf042","pubmedId":"40811024","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"MOTS-c attenuates lung ischemia-reperfusion injury via MYH9-Dependent nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation of antioxidant genes.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.redox.2025.103681","pubmedId":"40403491","peptide":{"commonName":"MOTS-c","slug":"mots-c"}},{"title":"Enhancing fat graft survival: thymosin beta-4 facilitates mitochondrial transfer from ADSCs via tunneling nanotubes by upregulating the Rac/F-actin pathway.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.12.061","pubmedId":"39761767","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"The Immunomodulatory Activity of Thymosin Alpha 1 on Tumor Cell Lines and Distinct Immune Cell Subsets.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.2147/OTT.S527785","pubmedId":"40955371","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin alpha-1","slug":"thymosin-alpha-1"}},{"title":"Humanin attenuates metabolic, toxic, and traumatic neuropathic pain in mice by protecting against oxidative stress and increasing inflammatory cytokine.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110207","pubmedId":"39510375","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Mechanistic study of the Tβ4/SLC7A11 signaling pathway regulating breast cancer evolution.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.cellsig.2025.112111","pubmedId":"40912522","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Humanin variants aggregate to produce different fibril morphologies.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.jbc.2025.110403","pubmedId":"40543583","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Concerning BPC-157, a natural pentadecapeptide, that acts as a cytoprotectant and is believed to protect the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT).","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01882-z","pubmedId":"40759852","peptide":{"commonName":"BPC-157","slug":"bpc-157"}},{"title":"Safety of Intravenous Infusion of BPC157 in Humans: A Pilot Study.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"40131143","peptide":{"commonName":"BPC-157","slug":"bpc-157"}},{"title":"Injectable Therapeutic Peptides-An Adjunct to Regenerative Medicine and Sports Performance?","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.arthro.2024.09.005","pubmedId":"39265666","peptide":{"commonName":"BPC-157","slug":"bpc-157"}},{"title":"Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s12178-025-09990-7","pubmedId":"40789979","peptide":{"commonName":"BPC-157","slug":"bpc-157"}},{"title":"Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic Review.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1177/15563316251355551","pubmedId":"40756949","peptide":{"commonName":"BPC-157","slug":"bpc-157"}},{"title":"Multifunctionality and Possible Medical Application of the BPC 157 Peptide-Literature and Patent Review.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3390/ph18020185","pubmedId":"40005999","peptide":{"commonName":"BPC-157","slug":"bpc-157"}},{"title":"Enhancing fat graft survival: thymosin beta-4 facilitates mitochondrial transfer from ADSCs via tunneling nanotubes by upregulating the Rac/F-actin pathway.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.12.061","pubmedId":"39761767","peptide":{"commonName":"TB-500","slug":"tb-500"}},{"title":"Characterization of 0839 - A tool compound for pre-clinical mode-of-action studies of amylin analogues such as cagrilintide.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.lfs.2025.123845","pubmedId":"40628316","peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"Tβ4-17 peptide enhances the chemo-sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to DDP by affecting NF-κB signaling pathway.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s12032-025-03106-4","pubmedId":"41205079","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Tβ4-Engineered ADSC Extracellular Vesicles Rescue Cell Senescence Through Separable Microneedle Patches for Diabetic Wound Healing.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1002/advs.202505009","pubmedId":"40279568","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Thymosin Beta-4 Modulates Cardiac Remodeling by Regulating ROCK1 Expression in Adult Mammals.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3390/ijms26094131","pubmedId":"40362372","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Mechanistic study of the Tβ4/SLC7A11 signaling pathway regulating breast cancer evolution.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.cellsig.2025.112111","pubmedId":"40912522","peptide":{"commonName":"TB-500","slug":"tb-500"}},{"title":"Cagrilintide-Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa2502082","pubmedId":"40544432","peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"Recombinant human thymosin beta 4 improves ischemic cardiac dysfunction in mice and patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after reperfusion.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1093/cvr/cvaf223","pubmedId":"41229390","peptide":{"commonName":"TB-500","slug":"tb-500"}},{"title":"Thymosin beta 4 as an Alzheimer disease intervention target identified using human brain organoids.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.stemcr.2025.102601","pubmedId":"40816274","peptide":{"commonName":"TB-500","slug":"tb-500"}},{"title":"In adults with overweight or obesity, weekly subcutaneous cagrilintide-semaglutide increased weight loss at 68 wk.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.7326/annals-25-03745-jc","pubmedId":"41052437","peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"Coadministered Cagrilintide and Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa2502081","pubmedId":"40544433","peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"Dilution of Ziconotide for Intrathecal Trial: The Effect of Dilution on the Incidence of Side Effects and Pain Relief: A Single-center Retrospective Case-control Study.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.36076/ppj.2025.28.147","pubmedId":"40168566","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Can Ziconotide Be Used to Replace Opioids? Exploratory Clinical Experience in 5 Patients Treated in the Pain Unit.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.2147/jpr.s528946","pubmedId":"40985013","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Identification of Pappalysin-2 (PAPP-A2), a modulator of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 pathway, as a potential marker of teduglutide efficacy in patients with short bowel syndrome.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.05.006","pubmedId":"40414050","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Short bowel syndrome and d-lactic acidosis: A case report with supplemental home parenteral nutrition and teduglutide.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.endien.2025.101535","pubmedId":"40086997","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Quality of life and lived experience of patients with short bowel syndrome treated with teduglutide and weaning off home parenteral nutrition: a qualitative analysis of patient diaries.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1136/bmjgast-2025-001818","pubmedId":"40764045","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Reduction of Parenteral Nutrition in Children with Short Bowel Syndrome Treated with Teduglutide: Experience from the Czech Republic.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1055/a-2646-0683","pubmedId":"40744073","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Encapsulation of hydrophobically ion-paired teduglutide in nanoemulsions: Effect of anionic counterions.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.142774","pubmedId":"39788016","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Forty-eight months outcomes of teduglutide treatment in adult stable patients with short bowel syndrome and home parenteral nutrition dependence: A real-world Italian single-center observational cohort study.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2024.112640","pubmedId":"39689615","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Teduglutide for treatment-refractory severe intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease - a multicenter survey.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41409-025-02586-2","pubmedId":"40229535","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Real-world experience of Teduglutide use in adults with short bowel syndrome: A seven-year international multicenter survey.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.01.026","pubmedId":"39986179","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Efficacy of Teduglutide in Pediatric Short Bowel Syndrome: Association with Citrulline Levels and Anatomical Location of Remnant Small Intestine.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3390/children12080977","pubmedId":"40868429","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Impact of teduglutide on pediatric short bowel syndrome: A systematic review and trial sequential meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.4240/wjgs.v17.i12.112685","pubmedId":"41479721","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Safety of Teduglutide for Managing Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.12669/pjms.41.9.12604","pubmedId":"41070320","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Teduglutide in adults with short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure: A descriptive cohort study.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1002/jpen.2786","pubmedId":"40515554","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Characterization of disulfide bridges containing cyclic peptide Linaclotide and its degradation products by using LC-HRMS/MS.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116533","pubmedId":"39427438","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Efficacy of 1 L Polyethylene Glycol Plus Ascorbic Acid With Linaclotide Versus Senna for Bowel Preparation: A Multicenter, Endoscopist-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial (Apple Trial).","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.14309/ajg.0000000000003370","pubmedId":"39996602","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Cost-Effectiveness of Vibrant System vs. Linaclotide in Chronic Idiopathic Constipation.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s12325-024-03035-0","pubmedId":"39527338","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Effects of the combined use of linaclotide and oral sulfate solution in bowel preparation for patients with chronic constipation undergoing colonoscopy: protocol of a prospective, randomised, controlled, single-blind clinical trial from a single centre in China.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1136/bmjopen-2025-099687","pubmedId":"40335135","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Safety and efficacy of linaclotide as an adjuvant for bowel preparation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.ajg.2025.09.017","pubmedId":"41203453","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Combined linaclotide and polyethylene glycol electrolyte for colonoscopy preparation: a network meta-analysis of 14 randomized controlled trials.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00384-025-04931-9","pubmedId":"40528061","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Linaclotide as an Adjunct to Polyethylene Glycol in Bowel Preparation: A Meta-Analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/1751-2980.70008","pubmedId":"40955723","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Real-world safety of linaclotide in Chinese patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: a multicenter, single-arm, prospective observational study.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1177/17562848251314819","pubmedId":"39917729","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Efficacy of Linaclotide in Functional Dyspepsia and Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome Overlap: A Randomized Trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/jgh.16925","pubmedId":"40079184","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"The Antioxidant Tetrapeptide Epitalon Enhances Delayed Wound Healing in an in Vitro Model of Diabetic Retinopathy.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s12015-025-10911-x","pubmedId":"40493162","peptide":{"commonName":"Epitalon","slug":"epitalon"}},{"title":"Epitalon increases telomere length in human cell lines through telomerase upregulation or ALT activity.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s10522-025-10315-x","pubmedId":"40908429","peptide":{"commonName":"Epitalon","slug":"epitalon"}},{"title":"Overview of Epitalon-Highly Bioactive Pineal Tetrapeptide with Promising Properties.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3390/ijms26062691","pubmedId":"40141333","peptide":{"commonName":"Epitalon","slug":"epitalon"}},{"title":"Linaclotide Use for the Treatment of Constipation and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in People With Cystic Fibrosis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1002/ppul.27431","pubmedId":"39620387","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Genes That Associated with Action of ACTH-like Peptides with Neuroprotective Potential in Rat Brain Regions with Different Degrees of Ischemic Damage.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"International journal of molecular sciences","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1101/gr.1239303","pubmedId":"40650034","peptide":{"commonName":"Semax","slug":"semax"}},{"title":"Nociceptin-Opioid-Related Nociceptin Receptor 1 Signaling Partly Mediates Glucoprivic Suppression of Luteinizing Hormone Pulses in Female Rats: Arcuate &lt;italic&gt;Kiss1&lt;/italic&gt; Neurons as a Possible Target for Nociceptin.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1159/000546766","pubmedId":"40518913","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Semax peptide targets the μ opioid receptor gene Oprm1 to promote deubiquitination and functional recovery after spinal cord injury in female mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"British journal of pharmacology","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/bph.70122","pubmedId":"40692165","peptide":{"commonName":"Semax","slug":"semax"}},{"title":"Sodium benzoate exposure disrupts HPG-axis in male rats: insights into oxidative stress, hormonal dysregulation, histopathology and kisspeptin/RFRP-3 expression.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s10735-025-10611-3","pubmedId":"40965716","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), an autocrine/paracrine regulator of basic ovarian functions and antagonist of kisspeptin.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117520","pubmedId":"40513411","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Quercetin-loaded PEGylated liposomes alleviate testicular dysfunction in alloxan-induced diabetic rats: The role of Kisspeptin/Neurokinin B/Dynorphin pathway.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.taap.2025.117337","pubmedId":"40239742","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Maternal high-fat diet programs reproductive function of female offspring rat through IL-6-mediated regulation of Kiss1 gene methylation.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.108975","pubmedId":"40541745","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Recurrent spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation in a young nonpregnant Chinese woman with Rathke cleft cyst and a KISS1R variant: A rare case report and literature review.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1002/ijgo.16072","pubmedId":"39620881","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The Potential of the Peptide Drug Semax and Its Derivative for Correcting Pathological Impairments in the Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Acta naturae","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.32607/actanaturae.27808","pubmedId":"41479572","peptide":{"commonName":"Semax","slug":"semax"}},{"title":"Early Development of Hypothalamic Neurons Expressing Proopiomelanocortin Peptides, Neuropeptide Y, and Kisspeptin in Fetal Rhesus Macaques.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1523/eneuro.0087-25.2025","pubmedId":"40389300","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Postnatal undernutrition increases estradiol plasma levels and sexual receptivity and disrupts the kisspeptin-GnRH pathway in adult female rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114817","pubmedId":"39855583","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Involvement of nuclear receptor corepressor 2 (NCOR2) in estrogen-induced repression of arcuate Kiss1 expression in female rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1262/jrd.2024-100","pubmedId":"39864859","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The effect of COVID-19 on placental functioning in South African pregnancies: investigation of kisspeptin expression and vascular and inflammatory alterations.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00418-025-02381-6","pubmedId":"40323370","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Design and implication of a breast cancer-targeted drug delivery system utilizing the Kisspeptin/GPR54 system.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.125154","pubmedId":"39755342","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The Neuroendocrine Regulation of Reproductive Behavior and Emotional Control by Kisspeptin.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1210/clinem/dgaf055","pubmedId":"39880372","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Perinatal exposure to bisphenol A or S alters differently sexual behavior and kisspeptin system in mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.120888","pubmedId":"39828186","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Comprehensive chemoanatomical mapping, and the gonadal regulation, of seven kisspeptin neuronal populations in the mouse brain.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/jne.70019","pubmedId":"40102056","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"SRA deficiency induces follicular dysplasia by disrupting the hypothalamic Kisspeptin-GPR54 system in mice†.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1093/biolre/ioaf049","pubmedId":"40057968","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Developmental expression patterns of gonadal hormone receptors in arcuate kisspeptin and GABA neurons of the postnatal female mouse.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/jne.13477","pubmedId":"39605295","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Sex-dependent increases in oxytocin levels in response to intravenous kisspeptin in humans.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1093/ejendo/lvaf001","pubmedId":"39965102","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Growth hormone-releasing peptide 6 (GHRP-6) hydrogel for acute kidney injury therapy via metabolic regulation.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of nanobiotechnology","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1183/13993003.00284-2021","pubmedId":"41327290","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-6","slug":"ghrp-6"}},{"title":"Prolactin-mediates a lactation-induced suppression of arcuate kisspeptin neuronal activity necessary for lactational infertility in mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.7554/elife.94570","pubmedId":"39819370","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation modulates testicular kisspeptin system in mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.109005","pubmedId":"40706774","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Oral Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in High-Risk Type 2 Diabetes.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa2501006","pubmedId":"40162642","peptide":{"commonName":"Semaglutide","slug":"semaglutide"}},{"title":"Profile of opioid peptide receptors in GnRH and kisspeptin neurons of female mice and rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/jne.70075","pubmedId":"40765036","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Effect of galanin-like peptide on hypothalamic kisspeptin expression in female Zucker fatty rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.neulet.2024.138081","pubmedId":"39672293","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The association between 1st trimester serum kisspeptin level and antenatal complications.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.48095/cccg2025212","pubmedId":"40663448","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Manipulating seasonality by using PMSG and Kisspeptin hormones and the impact of the MTNR1A gene on reproduction efficiency in ewes.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.5455/ovj.2025.v15.i8.19","pubmedId":"41035969","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Brainstem noradrenergic modulation of the kisspeptin neuron GnRH pulse generator in mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-60837-8","pubmedId":"40593679","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Synthesis and characterisation of DOTA-kisspeptin-10 as a potential gallium-68/lutetium-177 pan-tumour radiopharmaceutical.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/jne.13487","pubmedId":"39775975","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"New Insights in Bovine Follicular Cysts.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.04.016","pubmedId":"40056005","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-10","slug":"kisspeptin-10"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin-10 protects against HIV-1 Tat-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction and neuroinflammation via RhoA/ROCK pathway: Implications for HAND therapy.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Neurotoxicology","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.neuro.2025.07.008","pubmedId":"40712838","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-10","slug":"kisspeptin-10"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin-10 Ameliorates Obesity-Diabetes with Diverse Effects on Ileal Enteroendocrine Cells and Pancreatic Islet Morphology in High-Fat Fed Female Mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Biomolecules","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.15277/bjd.2017.148","pubmedId":"41301510","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-10","slug":"kisspeptin-10"}},{"title":"Elamipretide: A Review of Its Structure, Mechanism of Action, and Therapeutic Potential.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"International journal of molecular sciences","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.117.005487","pubmedId":"39940712","peptide":{"commonName":"Elamipretide","slug":"elamipretide"}},{"title":"SS-31@Fer-1 Alleviates ferroptosis in hypoxia/reoxygenation cardiomyocytes via mitochondrial targeting.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.biopha.2025.117832","pubmedId":"39848110","peptide":{"commonName":"Elamipretide","slug":"elamipretide"}},{"title":"Estrogen-Regulated Lateral Septal Kisspeptin Neurons Abundantly Project to GnRH Neurons and the Hypothalamic Supramammillary Nucleus.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.1307-24.2024","pubmedId":"39746822","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Targeting ANT1 to regulate PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy is an effective treatment of trauma-induced tendon heterotopic ossification.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of orthopaedic translation","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1093/eurheartj/ehv597","pubmedId":"41542093","peptide":{"commonName":"Elamipretide","slug":"elamipretide"}},{"title":"Mitochondrial Dysfunction: The Silent Catalyst of Kidney Disease Progression.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Cells","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.4103/ijot.ijot_37_23","pubmedId":"40497970","peptide":{"commonName":"Elamipretide","slug":"elamipretide"}},{"title":"Existence of Coexpressive Role of Kisspeptin and Insulin-2 in the Regulation of Luteinizing Hormone in Chronic Stress-Induced Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome-Like Phenotype in Rattus norvegicus.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1159/000546126","pubmedId":"40288358","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Critical role of arcuate nucleus kisspeptin and Kiss1R in regulation of the ovine luteinizing hormone surge.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/jne.70010","pubmedId":"40033679","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"SS-31 Targets NOS2 to Enhance Osteogenic Differentiation in Aged BMSCs by Restoring Mitochondrial Function.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Organogenesis","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1073/pnas.2207993120","pubmedId":"40570323","peptide":{"commonName":"Elamipretide","slug":"elamipretide"}},{"title":"Examination of mitochondria- and inflammasome-mediated mechanisms of clozapine-induced myocarditis using patient-derived iPSC cardiomyocytes.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Molecular psychiatry","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41380-025-02935-z","pubmedId":"39962181","peptide":{"commonName":"Elamipretide","slug":"elamipretide"}},{"title":"Telomere length in offspring is determined by mitochondrial-nuclear communication at fertilization.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Nature communications","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41588-018-0055-6","pubmedId":"40087268","peptide":{"commonName":"Elamipretide","slug":"elamipretide"}},{"title":"Optimal restoration of spermatogenesis after testosterone therapy using human chorionic gonadotropin and follicle-stimulating hormone.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Fertility and sterility","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.fertnstert.2024.10.019","pubmedId":"39442683","peptide":{"commonName":"Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)","slug":"human-chorionic-gonadotropin"}},{"title":"Central administration of p234, kisspeptin antagonist, but not kisspeptin-10, reduces the power of epileptiform activity and slow EEG waves in male rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1080/01616412.2025.2456293","pubmedId":"39838653","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Hypothyroidism Alters Uterine Kisspeptin System and Activity Modulators in Cyclic Rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3390/ijms26020543","pubmedId":"39859259","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Effect of a GnRH injection on kisspeptin levels in girls with suspected precocious puberty: a randomized-controlled pilot study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1515/jpem-2024-0606","pubmedId":"39847034","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Dysregulated serum levels of kisspeptin, NKB, GABA in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and their association with hormonal profiles.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2463533","pubmedId":"39932739","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Administration of Exogenous Kisspeptin Induces Breeding Competence in Post-pubertal Female Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio).","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1002/mrd.70037","pubmedId":"40552678","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Regulatory Involvement of Kisspeptin in Energy Balance and Reproduction.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s12013-024-01537-w","pubmedId":"39327386","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Anatomic distribution of kisspeptin neurons in the adult sheep amygdala: Associations with sex, estrogen receptor alpha, androgen receptor, and sexual partner preference.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/jne.70011","pubmedId":"40033683","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The Investigation of Kisspeptin, Spexin and Galanin in Euthyroid Women with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1080/07435800.2024.2384576","pubmedId":"39056111","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The role of neonatal kisspeptin in long-term social behavior in mammals.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s42003-025-08478-x","pubmedId":"40696196","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"A novel mechanism of kisspeptin regulating ovarian granulosa cell function via down-regulating let-7b to activate ERK/PI3K-Akt pathway in Tan sheep.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106947","pubmedId":"40354677","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Activity of arcuate kisspeptin/neurokinin B neurons and the melanocortin system during pubertal development in female sheep†.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1093/biolre/ioaf074","pubmedId":"40156104","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Adult Neurogenesis Is Regulated by the Endocannabinoid and Kisspeptin Systems.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3390/ijms26093977","pubmedId":"40362219","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Multiple effects of kisspeptin on neuroendocrine, reproduction, and metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/jne.13482","pubmedId":"39694850","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Distribution of the kisspeptin system and its relation with gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the hypothalamus.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/bs.vh.2024.06.004","pubmedId":"39864946","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Evidence for human kisspeptin receptor homo-oligomerisation and its functional relevance.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1530/jme-25-0043","pubmedId":"40680729","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Study of cathelicidin (LL-37) immunoexpression in the skin of vitiligo patients.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Archives of dermatological research","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1080/09546634.2020.1757018","pubmedId":"39873762","peptide":{"commonName":"LL-37","slug":"ll-37"}},{"title":"Exploring GABA and Kisspeptin Roles in Reproductive and Metabolic Regulation: Insights from Kiss1-GABAB1KO Female Mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqaf165","pubmedId":"41206596","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Prospective Randomized Pilot Study Comparing Bivalirudin Versus Heparin in Neonatal and Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1097/pcc.0000000000003642","pubmedId":"39585174","peptide":{"commonName":"Bivalirudin","slug":"bivalirudin"}},{"title":"Potential role of kisspeptin in the estradiol-induced modulation of inhibin subunit gene expression: Insights from in vivo rat models and hypothalamic cell models.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1507/endocrj.ej25-0044","pubmedId":"40414719","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Recombinant GnRH6-kisspeptin-CRM197 vaccine inhibits reproductive function in male rats and dogs.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.tvjl.2025.106501","pubmedId":"41271083","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Direct effect of kisspeptin on steroidogenesis, proliferation and apoptosis in Tan sheep ovarian granulosa cells.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1017/s0967199425100191","pubmedId":"41362283","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Association of Kisspeptin and KISS&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; Gene Polymorphism (rs35431622) with Circulating Sex Hormones and Male Infertility.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s43032-025-01803-z","pubmedId":"39909971","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Hypothalamic kisspeptin alleviates myasthenia gravis by regulating Th1/Th17/Treg balance through Inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12974-025-03486-4","pubmedId":"40524201","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Effects of Kisspeptin on rabbit ovulation: a comprehensive study of ovulatory, endocrine and histological response.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117524","pubmedId":"40505597","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Intranasal kisspeptin administration rapidly stimulates gonadotropin release in humans.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105689","pubmedId":"40215751","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Effect of kisspeptin, neurokinin, and dynorphin neurons on regulation of reproduction.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.48095/cccg2025413","pubmedId":"41170798","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Effect of Kisspeptin Fortification in Freezing Media on Post-Thaw Quality and Fertility of Buffalo Bull Semen.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/rda.70124","pubmedId":"40923151","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Exogenous kisspeptin-10 treatment shows pleiotropy via induction of KISS1 expression, metastasis suppression, and promotes apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-19140-1","pubmedId":"41062590","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Central kisspeptin injection enhances food consumption in broiler chickens: role of opioidergic and dopaminergic receptors.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.psj.2025.106007","pubmedId":"41151445","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"AMH and Kisspeptin Receptor Expression in Rare Hydropic Leiomyoma: A Case Study.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.12659/ajcr.947953","pubmedId":"40305440","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Serum kisspeptin is higher in hypertensive than non-hypertensive female subjects and positively correlated with systolic blood pressure.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.23736/s2724-6507.22.03766-6","pubmedId":"37733292","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Serum Kisspeptin levels in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis: a case-control study protocol.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12882-025-04512-6","pubmedId":"41152775","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The Kisspeptin analogue C6 induces more synchronized ovulation than eCG in the transition period to breeding season in Corriedale ewes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s11250-025-04800-1","pubmedId":"41385063","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Can kisspeptin be a new treatment for sexual dysfunction?","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.tem.2025.03.002","pubmedId":"40189467","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The kisspeptin analog C6 reverses reproductive dysfunction in a mouse model of hyperprolactinemia.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1530/rep-25-0036","pubmedId":"40062901","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin levels in infertile and miscarried women: a cross-sectional study on the relationship with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms and biochemical parameters.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1590/1806-9282.20250716","pubmedId":"41124561","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin-10 Prevents the Development of Cerebral Aneurysms by Reducing the Expression of Egr-1.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/cns.70413","pubmedId":"40384564","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin-10 Improves Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Symptoms in Rats by Suppressing Insulin Resistance in Placental Trophoblast Cells by Activating the Cyclic AMP/Protein Kinase A Pathway.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/cbdd.70169","pubmedId":"40944385","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin-10 Protects Against TNF-α-Induced Chondrocyte Senescence via the SIRT1/p53/p21 Signaling.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1002/jbt.70298","pubmedId":"40400312","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The Effect of Leuprolide Acetate 11.25 mg 3-Month Formulation in Children with Central Precocious Puberty: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"Advances in therapy","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s12325-025-03222-7","pubmedId":"40498278","peptide":{"commonName":"Leuprolide","slug":"leuprolide"}},{"title":"Reduction of norepinephrine versus vasopressin in the stabilization phase of septic shock: RENOVA clinical trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Medicina intensiva","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.medine.2025.502147","pubmedId":"39890531","peptide":{"commonName":"Vasopressin","slug":"vasopressin"}},{"title":"AhR Activation Transcriptionally Induces Anti-Microbial Peptide Alpha-Defensin 1 Leading to Reversal of Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Colitis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Gut microbes","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1080/19490976.2025.2460538","pubmedId":"39894796","peptide":{"commonName":"Alpha-defensin 1","slug":"defensin-alpha-1"}},{"title":"Coadministered Cagrilintide and Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa2502081","pubmedId":"40544433","peptide":{"commonName":"Semaglutide","slug":"semaglutide"}},{"title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing carbetocin to oxytocin in prevention of postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean delivery in low-risk women.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1111/jog.16194","pubmedId":"39722234","peptide":{"commonName":"Carbetocin","slug":"carbetocin"}},{"title":"Carbetocin versus oxytocin in prevention of postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean delivery in high-risk women. A systematic review and meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"Archives of gynecology and obstetrics","publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00404-025-08014-6","pubmedId":"40240535","peptide":{"commonName":"Carbetocin","slug":"carbetocin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin and its Current Clinical Status-A Systematic Review.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.2174/0109298673251224230919093656","pubmedId":"38265397","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin Mitigates Hepatic De Novo Lipogenesis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3390/cells14161289","pubmedId":"40862768","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin Administration and mRNA Expression in Adult Syrian Hamsters.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3390/cells14130992","pubmedId":"40643513","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin-10 Ameliorates Obesity-Diabetes with Diverse Effects on Ileal Enteroendocrine Cells and Pancreatic Islet Morphology in High-Fat Fed Female Mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.3390/biom15111591","pubmedId":"41301510","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin Retards Tumor Growth of Lewis Lung Carcinoma Cells Through p38 MAPK-mediated Senescence.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2025,"doi":"10.21873/anticanres.17398","pubmedId":"39740824","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin in functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: Pathophysiology and therapeutic potential.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1111/nyas.15220","pubmedId":"39287750","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Participation of kisspeptin, progesterone, and GnRH receptors on lordosis behavior induced by kisspeptin.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114609","pubmedId":"38851441","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Chronic oxytocin administration stimulates the oxytocinergic system in children with autism.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Nature communications","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-023-44334-4","pubmedId":"38167302","peptide":{"commonName":"Oxytocin","slug":"oxytocin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin Alleviates Human Hepatic Fibrogenesis by Inhibiting TGFβ Signaling in Hepatic Stellate Cells.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.3390/cells13191651","pubmedId":"39404414","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The effect of coadministration of vitamin D and tramadol on serum kisspeptin, testosterone, oxidative stress levels and testicular histology in Wistar rats: a preliminary report.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.22514/j.androl.2024.031","pubmedId":"39748771","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Investigating the detection of the novel doping‐relevant peptide kisspeptin‐10 in urine using liquid chromatography high‐resolution mass spectrometry.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1002/bmc.5946","pubmedId":"38978171","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Calorie restriction activates a gastric Notch-FOXO1 pathway to expand ghrelin cells.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Journal of cell biology","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.01.026","pubmedId":"38958606","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-6","slug":"ghrp-6"}},{"title":"Lunar Age-Dependent Oscillations in Expression of the Genes for Kisspeptin, GnIH, and Their Receptors in the Grass Puffer during the Spawning Season.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.2108/zs230061","pubmedId":"38587522","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Tirzepatide for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis with Liver Fibrosis","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa2401943","pubmedId":"38856224","peptide":{"commonName":"Tirzepatide","slug":"tirzepatide"}},{"title":"Non-adrenergic vasopressors for vasodilatory shock or perioperative vasoplegia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"Critical care (London, England)","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1186/s13054-024-05212-7","pubmedId":"39736782","peptide":{"commonName":"Vasopressin","slug":"vasopressin"}},{"title":"Development of KISS1 knockout pigs is characterized by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, normal growth, and reduced skatole†.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1093/biolre/ioae140","pubmedId":"39375014","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Octreotide improves human lymphatic fluid transport a translational trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1093/ejcts/ezad380","pubmedId":"37951584","peptide":{"commonName":"Octreotide","slug":"octreotide"}},{"title":"Phenytoin causes behavioral abnormalities and suppresses kisspeptin expression, reducing reproductive performance in Japanese medaka.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107007","pubmedId":"38943866","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Decoding the effect of photoperiodic cues in transducing kisspeptin-melatonin circuit during the pubertal onset in common carp.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1002/mrd.23744","pubmedId":"38800960","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Testosterone Recovery for Relugolix Versus Leuprolide in Men with Advanced Prostate Cancer: Results from the Phase 3 HERO Study.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"European urology oncology","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.euo.2023.11.024","pubmedId":"38143206","peptide":{"commonName":"Leuprolide","slug":"leuprolide"}},{"title":"Urinary phthalate/DINCH metabolites associations with kisspeptin and reproductive hormones in teenagers: A cross-sectional study from the HBM4EU aligned studies.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172426","pubmedId":"38631641","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin administration may promote precopulatory behavior in male rats independently or supplementally to testosterone and contribute to proceptive behavior in female partners, reducing mating failure.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114528","pubmedId":"38643848","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Growth hormone releasing peptide-6 (GHRP-6) prevents doxorubicin-induced myocardial and extra-myocardial damages by activating prosurvival mechanisms.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Frontiers in pharmacology","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1155/S1110724302000335","pubmedId":"38873418","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-6","slug":"ghrp-6"}},{"title":"Mazdutide Versus Dulaglutide for Weight Loss and Diabetes Management: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1097/mjt.0000000000001756","pubmedId":"39292847","peptide":{"commonName":"Mazdutide","slug":"mazdutide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of teriparatide vs. bisphosphonates and denosumab vs. bisphosphonates in osteoporosis not previously treated with bisphosphonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"Archives of osteoporosis","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1007/s11657-024-01447-7","pubmedId":"39312040","peptide":{"commonName":"Teriparatide","slug":"teriparatide"}},{"title":"Somatostatin Versus Octreotide for Prevention of Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula: The PREFIPS Randomized Clinical Trial: A FRENCH 007-ACHBT Study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Annals of surgery","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1097/sla.0000000000006313","pubmedId":"38662619","peptide":{"commonName":"Octreotide","slug":"octreotide"}},{"title":"Liraglutide versus pramlintide in protecting against cognitive function impairment through affecting PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/TTBK1 pathway and decreasing Tau hyperphosphorylation in high-fat diet- streptozocin rat model.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1007/s00424-024-02933-0","pubmedId":"38536493","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Deletion of Nuclear Progesterone Receptors From Kisspeptin Cells Does Not Impair Negative Feedback in Female Mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqae121","pubmedId":"39253941","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Barbie drug identification: Not a child's play.","evidenceTier":"case_report","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of forensic sciences","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1111/1556-4029.15633","pubmedId":"39302005","peptide":{"commonName":"Melanotan II","slug":"melanotan-ii"}},{"title":"Predictive efficiency of phoenixin, spexin and kisspeptin neuropeptides concentration levels in diagnosis of bipolar disorder in paediatric population.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.12740/pp/onlinefirst/155178","pubmedId":"36989336","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Tirzepatide for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa2404881","pubmedId":"38912654","peptide":{"commonName":"Tirzepatide","slug":"tirzepatide"}},{"title":"Standard of Care Versus Octreotide in Angiodysplasia-Related Bleeding (the OCEAN Study): A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Gastroenterology","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2023.12.020","pubmedId":"38158089","peptide":{"commonName":"Octreotide","slug":"octreotide"}},{"title":"A prospective study to evaluate whether serum kisspeptin is a marker predictive of the first-trimester miscarriage of women who conceive in IVF.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1007/s10815-023-02974-x","pubmedId":"37935913","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Reduced voluntary wheel running behaviour in Kiss1r knockout mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114701","pubmedId":"39317294","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"[Not Available].","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Biomedical chromatography : BMC","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1002/bmc.5946","pubmedId":"38978171","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-10","slug":"kisspeptin-10"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin-10 binding to Gpr54 in osteoclasts prevents bone loss by activating Dusp18-mediated dephosphorylation of Src.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Nature communications","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1002/jbmr.5650020510","pubmedId":"38346942","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-10","slug":"kisspeptin-10"}},{"title":"Author Correction: Kisspeptin-10 binding to Gpr54 in osteoclasts prevents bone loss by activating Dusp18-mediated dephosphorylation of Src.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Nature communications","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-024-55352-1","pubmedId":"39702286","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-10","slug":"kisspeptin-10"}},{"title":"Role of serum kisspeptin as a biomarker to detect miscarriage: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1080/14647273.2024.2417934","pubmedId":"39468787","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Alteration in kisspeptin and reproductive hormones during different superovulation protocols in dromedary camel.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.06.011","pubmedId":"38909433","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin Regulates Cell Invasion and Migration in Endometrial Cancer.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1210/jendso/bvae001","pubmedId":"38264268","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Ten years of successful linaclotide treatment in a patient with intestinal pseudo-obstruction due to Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1007/s11739-023-03522-2","pubmedId":"38159221","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Linaclotide for functional constipation in paediatric patients: phase III results.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1038/s41575-024-00903-6","pubmedId":"38347080","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Chronic inflammation decreases arcuate kisspeptin expression in male sheep.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106868","pubmedId":"38901139","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Continued Treatment With Tirzepatide for Maintenance of Weight Reduction in Adults With Obesity: The SURMOUNT-4 Randomized Clinical Trial","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1001/jama.2023.24945","pubmedId":"38078870","peptide":{"commonName":"Tirzepatide","slug":"tirzepatide"}},{"title":"Vitamin D status in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria taking the systemic photoprotective agent afamelanotide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljae191","pubmedId":"38736212","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"PKC-α is involved in the signaling of phagocytosis induced by two snake venom secretory PLA2S in macrophages.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107824","pubmedId":"38908525","peptide":{"commonName":"Melanotan II","slug":"melanotan-ii"}},{"title":"[Notch1/Akt/Foxo1 Pathway Regulated by Kisspeptin Is Involved in Endometrial Decidualization in Patients With Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion].","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.12182/20240560206","pubmedId":"38948287","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Intra-islet α-cell Gs signaling promotes glucagon release.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-024-49537-x","pubmedId":"38879678","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Associations between maternal urinary kisspeptin in late pregnancy and decreased fetal growth: a pregnancy-birth cohort study.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2024.1257248","pubmedId":"38318290","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Intracerebroventricular injection of kisspeptin in male rats activates hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis, but not hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1080/10799893.2024.2333470","pubmedId":"38647103","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Semaglutide for Weight Loss in Patients Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.amjcard.2024.04.041","pubmedId":"38679221","peptide":{"commonName":"Semaglutide","slug":"semaglutide"}},{"title":"Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Persons with Obesity and Knee Osteoarthritis.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa2403664","pubmedId":"39476339","peptide":{"commonName":"Semaglutide","slug":"semaglutide"}},{"title":"Effects of kisspeptin on the maturation of human ovarian primordial follicles <i>in vitro</i>.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1017/s0967199423000527","pubmedId":"38099429","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The antidepressant-like effects of kisspeptin-10 are reversed by kisspeptin antagonist peptide 234 in male rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.14715/cmb/2024.70.10.13","pubmedId":"39605118","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Investigation of effect peripheral kisspeptin treatment on hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in male rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1007/s42977-024-00241-3","pubmedId":"39249652","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"ADO09, a co-formulation of pramlintide and insulin A21G, lowers body weight versus insulin lispro in type 1 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1111/dom.15827","pubmedId":"39109464","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of tesamorelin in people with HIV on integrase inhibitors.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1097/QAD.0000000000003965","pubmedId":"38905488","peptide":{"commonName":"Tesamorelin","slug":"tesamorelin"}},{"title":"Activation of pro-resolving pathways mediate the therapeutic effects of thymosin beta-4 during <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>-induced keratitis.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2024.1458684","pubmedId":"39380984","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Effectiveness of leuprolide acetate administered monthly compared to three-monthly in the treatment of central precocious puberty: evaluation at the end of treatment.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Frontiers in endocrinology","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2024.1390674","pubmedId":"38737553","peptide":{"commonName":"Leuprolide","slug":"leuprolide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Mazdutide in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.2337/dc23-1287","pubmedId":"37943529","peptide":{"commonName":"Mazdutide","slug":"mazdutide"}},{"title":"Intraperitoneal administration of kisspeptin-10 modulates follicle maturation, gonadal steroids, calcium and metabolites in Sterlet sturgeon, Acipenser ruthenus.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111609","pubmedId":"38401763","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"A randomized phase 2b trial examined the effects of the glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon receptor agonist cotadutide on kidney outcomes in patients with diabetic kidney disease.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Kidney international","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.kint.2024.08.023","pubmedId":"39218393","peptide":{"commonName":"Cotadutide","slug":"cotadutide"}},{"title":"Effect of Aficamten on Health Status Outcomes in Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Results From SEQUOIA-HCM.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.jacc.2021.10.045","pubmedId":"39217569","peptide":{"commonName":"Elamipretide","slug":"elamipretide"}},{"title":"Genotype-specific effects of elamipretide in patients with primary mitochondrial myopathy: a post hoc analysis of the MMPOWER-3 trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Orphanet journal of rare diseases","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1002/crt2.41","pubmedId":"39574155","peptide":{"commonName":"Elamipretide","slug":"elamipretide"}},{"title":"Afamelanotide for Treatment of the Protoporphyrias: Impact on Quality of Life and Laboratory Parameters in a US Cohort.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.3390/life14060689","pubmedId":"38929673","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin is elevated in the brain after intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-024-83514-0","pubmedId":"39738446","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin signaling in astrocytes modulates the reproductive axis.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1172/jci172908","pubmedId":"38861336","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen Identifies Phospholipid Scramblase 3 as the Biological Target of Mitoprotective Drug SS-31.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1021/bi701962c","pubmedId":"38530359","peptide":{"commonName":"Elamipretide","slug":"elamipretide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of Mazdutide on weight loss among diabetic and non-diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2024.1309118","pubmedId":"38440786","peptide":{"commonName":"Mazdutide","slug":"mazdutide"}},{"title":"Effect of retatrutide on liver fat content in adults with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a substudy of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1038/s41591-024-03018-2","pubmedId":"38811598","peptide":{"commonName":"Retatrutide","slug":"retatrutide"}},{"title":"Afamelanotide in protoporphyria and other skin diseases: a review.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.5114/ada.2024.138818","pubmedId":"38784937","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"ALCAT1-mediated abnormal cardiolipin remodelling promotes mitochondrial injury in podocytes in diabetic kidney disease.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Cell communication and signaling : CCS","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1186/s12964-023-01399-4","pubmedId":"38200543","peptide":{"commonName":"Elamipretide","slug":"elamipretide"}},{"title":"Thymosin α1 reverses oncolytic adenovirus-induced M2 polarization of macrophages to improve antitumor immunity and therapeutic efficacy.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101751","pubmedId":"39357524","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin alpha-1","slug":"thymosin-alpha-1"}},{"title":"The effects of cholecalciferol and afamelanotide on vitamin D levels in erythropoietic protoporphyria: a multicentre cohort study.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1093/bjd/ljae148","pubmedId":"38634774","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"Erythropoietic protoporphyria and afamelanotide: a patient's perspective.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1093/ced/llad346","pubmedId":"37831089","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"Melanocortin Receptor Agonist Bremelanotide Induces Cell Death and Growth Inhibition in Glioblastoma Cells <i>via</i> Suppression of Survivin Expression.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.21873/anticanres.17214","pubmedId":"39197897","peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Effects of Semaglutide on Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa2403347","pubmedId":"38785209","peptide":{"commonName":"Semaglutide","slug":"semaglutide"}},{"title":"Small Effects, Questionable Outcomes: Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1080/00224499.2023.2175192","pubmedId":"36809187","peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Effects of once-weekly subcutaneous retatrutide on weight and metabolic markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2024.100321","pubmedId":"39318607","peptide":{"commonName":"Retatrutide","slug":"retatrutide"}},{"title":"AVPV <i>Kiss1</i> neuron-specific knockdown of purinergic P2X2 receptor suppresses LH surge and ovulation in <i>Kiss1-Cre</i> rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1262/jrd.2024-046","pubmedId":"39428487","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"A Current Perspective on Delayed Puberty and Its Management.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1136/archdischild-2016-311372","pubmedId":"38683021","peptide":{"commonName":"Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)","slug":"human-chorionic-gonadotropin"}},{"title":"The power of three: Retatrutide's role in modern obesity and diabetes therapy.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.177095","pubmedId":"39515565","peptide":{"commonName":"Retatrutide","slug":"retatrutide"}},{"title":"Chronic Nasal Administration of Kisspeptin-54 Regulates Mood-Related Disorders Via Amygdaloid GABA in Hemi-Parkinsonian Rats","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2024.2024-7-46","pubmedId":"39319821","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Sublingual human chorionic gonadotropin as an adjuvant to ovulation induction.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"JBRA assisted reproduction","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1093/humrep/deh677","pubmedId":"38224574","peptide":{"commonName":"Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)","slug":"human-chorionic-gonadotropin"}},{"title":"Adipose Kiss1 controls aerobic exercise-related adaptive responses in adipose tissue energy homeostasis.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1096/fj.202302598rr","pubmedId":"38877852","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Intrathecal Ziconotide Infusion Therapy for Oncologic Refractory Neuropathic Pain: Case Report With High-Dose Intraventricular Ziconotide After 15 Years of Treatment.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.neurom.2024.06.495","pubmedId":"39078347","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Intramyometrial and intravenous oxytocin compared to intravenous carbetocin for prevention of postpartum hemorrhage in elective cesarean section-A quasi-randomized controlled phase IV non-inferiority interventional trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1111/aogs.14893","pubmedId":"38952085","peptide":{"commonName":"Carbetocin","slug":"carbetocin"}},{"title":"Pramlintide an Adjunct to Insulin Therapy: Challenges and Recent Progress in Delivery.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1124/jpet.123.001679","pubmedId":"37863489","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"A review of an investigational drug retatrutide, a novel triple agonist agent for the treatment of obesity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1007/s00228-024-03646-0","pubmedId":"38367045","peptide":{"commonName":"Retatrutide","slug":"retatrutide"}},{"title":"Spatial local expressions of kisspeptin in the uterus and uterine tubes and its relationship to the reproductive potential in goats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106850","pubmedId":"38640803","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"A comprehensive review on ziconotide.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31105","pubmedId":"38779019","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Comprehensive Analysis of Kisspeptin Signaling: Effects on Cellular Dynamics in Cervical Cancer.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.3390/biom14080923","pubmedId":"39199311","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Comparative Meta-Analysis of Retatrutide Versus Placebo and Dulaglutide for Weight Loss and Diabetes Management: Insights From Clinical Trials.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1097/MJT.0000000000001743","pubmedId":"38976545","peptide":{"commonName":"Retatrutide","slug":"retatrutide"}},{"title":"Management Patterns of Teduglutide Use in Short Bowel Syndrome: A Survey of 70 Healthcare Professionals.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.3390/nu16213762","pubmedId":"39519595","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Use of teduglutide in adults with short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1002/ncp.11015","pubmedId":"37294295","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Cost-Effectiveness of Teduglutide for Pediatric Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome in Japan, Including Caregiver Burden.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1007/s12325-024-02995-7","pubmedId":"39412630","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Cost-effectiveness of teduglutide in adult patients with short bowel syndrome - a European socioeconomic perspective.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.02.031","pubmedId":"38431119","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Reversal of Intestinal Failure With Teduglutide in &lt;i&gt;PERCC1&lt;/i&gt;-Associated Enteropathy: A Case Report.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.7326/m24-0147","pubmedId":"38710080","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Long-term outcomes and adverse effects of teduglutide in patients with short bowel syndrome: Highlighting hyperamylasemia and hyperlipasemia.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1093/ajhp/zxad274","pubmedId":"37941451","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"The influence of ghrelin agonist ipamorelin acetate on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in a cichlid fish, Oreochromis mossambicus.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107550","pubmedId":"38996787","peptide":{"commonName":"Ipamorelin","slug":"ipamorelin"}},{"title":"Orally Delivered Stimulus-Sensitive Nanomedicine to Harness Teduglutide Efficacy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1002/smll.202402502","pubmedId":"39007246","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Baseline Characteristics of Adult Patients Treated and Never Treated with Teduglutide in a Multinational Short Bowel Syndrome and Intestinal Failure Registry.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.3390/nu16152513","pubmedId":"39125394","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"The Impact of Teduglutide on Real-Life Health Care Costs in Children with Short Bowel Syndrome.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113882","pubmedId":"38135030","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Ziconotide and psychosis: from a case report to a scoping review.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.3389/fnmol.2024.1412855","pubmedId":"39479264","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Early use of teduglutide in paediatric patients with intestinal failure is associated with a greater response rate: a multicenter study.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1007/s00431-024-05577-5","pubmedId":"38664251","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin stimulates sheep ovarian follicular development <i>in vitro</i> through homologous receptors.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1017/s096719942300059x","pubmedId":"38059309","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of peptidic analytes (2-10 kDa) in doping control urine samples.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1002/jms.4996","pubmedId":"38197510","peptide":{"commonName":"CJC-1295","slug":"cjc-1295"}},{"title":"Intrathecal ziconotide for the treatment of chronic pain: a collection of clinical experiences and literature review.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202408_36640","pubmedId":"39194195","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin expression levels in patients with placenta previa: A randomized trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1097/md.0000000000038866","pubmedId":"38996103","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a agonists, anamorelin and ipamorelin, inhibit cisplatin-induced weight loss in ferrets: Anamorelin also exhibits anti-emetic effects via a central mechanism.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114644","pubmedId":"39043357","peptide":{"commonName":"Ipamorelin","slug":"ipamorelin"}},{"title":"Chronic pramlintide decreases feeding via a reduction in meal size in male rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171197","pubmedId":"38493922","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"A Benefit/Risk Assessment of Intrathecal Ziconotide in Chronic Pain: A Narrative Review.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.3390/jcm13061644","pubmedId":"38541869","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"SPIDOL study protocol for the assessment of intrathecal ziconotide antalgic efficacy for severe refractory neuropathic pain due to spinal cord lesions.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1186/s13063-024-08387-0","pubmedId":"39244617","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Long-term teduglutide associated with improved response in pediatric short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1002/jpn3.12276","pubmedId":"38873891","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Physicochemical Stability Study of the Morphine-Bupivacaine-Ziconotide Association.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.neurom.2023.11.009","pubmedId":"38300172","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"The subcommissural organ regulates brain development via secreted peptides.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1038/s41593-024-01639-x","pubmedId":"38741020","peptide":{"commonName":"TB-500","slug":"tb-500"}},{"title":"A temperature-responsive dual-hormone foam nanoengine improves rectal absorptivity of insulin-pramlintide for diabetes treatment.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adn8695","pubmedId":"39196940","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Cagrilintide is not associated with clinically relevant QTc prolongation: A thorough QT study in healthy participants.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1111/dom.15951","pubmedId":"39279639","peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"Effect of teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-2 analog, in eosinophilic enterocolitis: a case report.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.3389/fped.2024.1457824","pubmedId":"39439449","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Use of Teduglutide in the Management of Gastrointestinal Graft-versus-Host Disease in Children and Young Adults.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.jtct.2024.01.080","pubmedId":"38311212","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin expression during menstruation in PCOS patients undergoing ovulation induction and the correlation with early pregnancy.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1007/s10815-024-03144-3","pubmedId":"38809329","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Cagrilintide: A Long-Acting Amylin Analog for the Treatment of Obesity.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1097/CRD.0000000000000513","pubmedId":"36883831","peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"Teduglutide improves liver chemistries in short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure: Post hoc analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1002/ncp.11139","pubmedId":"38491966","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Cagrilintide Alone and in Combination with Semaglutide (Cagrisema) as Anti-Obesity Medications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.4103/ijem.ijem_45_24","pubmedId":"39676787","peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of polyethylene glycol in combination with different doses of linaclotide in a fractionated bowel preparation for colonoscopy: a prospective randomized controlled study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1007/s00384-024-04718-4","pubmedId":"39289199","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Upregulated Tβ4 expression in inflammatory bowel disease impairs the intestinal mucus barrier by inhibiting autophagy in mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113871","pubmedId":"38049080","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Efficacy of Polyethylene Glycol Electrolyte Powder Combined With Linaclotide for Colon Cleansing in Patients With Chronic Constipation Undergoing Colonoscopy: A Multicenter, Single-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.14309/ctg.0000000000000708","pubmedId":"38713137","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Obesity Alters POMC and Kisspeptin Neuron Cross Talk Leading to Reduced Luteinizing Hormone in Male Mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.0222-24.2024","pubmedId":"38744532","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Selective depletion of kisspeptin neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus in early juvenile life reduces pubertal LH secretion and delays puberty onset in mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1096/fj.202401696r","pubmedId":"39377760","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Effect of BPC-157 on Symptoms in Patients with Interstitial Cystitis: A Pilot Study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"39325560","peptide":{"commonName":"BPC-157","slug":"bpc-157"}},{"title":"The gut microbiota participates in the effect of linaclotide in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C): a multicenter, prospective, pre-post study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1186/s12967-024-04898-1","pubmedId":"38263117","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Targeted inhibition of kisspeptin neurons reverses hyperandrogenemia and abnormal hyperactive LH secretion in a preclinical mouse model of polycystic ovary syndrome.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1093/humrep/deae153","pubmedId":"38978296","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Comparative profiles of lubiprostone, linaclotide, and elobixibat for chronic constipation: a systematic literature review with meta-analysis and number needed to treat/harm.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1186/s12876-023-03104-8","pubmedId":"38166671","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Renoprotective effects of laxative linaclotide: Inhibition of acute kidney injury and fibrosis in a rat model of renal ischemia-reperfusion.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149709","pubmedId":"38554603","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"The Effects of Combined Use of Linaclotide and Polyethylene Glycol Electrolyte Powder in Colonoscopy Preparation for Patients With Chronic Constipation.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1097/sle.0000000000001273","pubmedId":"38444073","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Randomized controlled trial of linaclotide in children aged 6-17 years with functional constipation.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1002/jpn3.12184","pubmedId":"38533633","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin signalling and its correlation with placental ultrastructure and clinical outcomes in pregnant South African women with obesity and gestational diabetes.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.placenta.2024.05.138","pubmedId":"38878622","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Humanin activates integrin αV-TGFβ axis and leads to glioblastoma progression.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1038/s41419-024-06790-8","pubmedId":"38942749","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"The role of placental kisspeptin in trophoblast invasion and migration: an assessment in <i>Kiss1r</i> knockout mice, BeWo cell lines and human term placenta.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1071/rd23230","pubmedId":"38976640","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Bowel preparation with linaclotide and 1 L polyethylene glycol plus ascorbic acid prior to colonoscopy in chronic constipated patients.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1080/00365521.2024.2398094","pubmedId":"39219191","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of linaclotide in treatment-resistant chronic constipation: A multicenter, open-label study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1111/nmo.14938","pubmedId":"39370607","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of linaclotide in treating functional constipation in paediatric patients: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3 trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/s2468-1253(23)00398-9","pubmedId":"38211604","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Application of linaclotide in bowel preparation for colonoscopy in patients with constipation: A prospective randomized controlled study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1111/jgh.16734","pubmedId":"39252470","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Efficacy of linaclotide in combination with polyethylene glycol for bowel preparation in Chinese patients undergoing colonoscopy polypectomy: protocol for a randomised controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080723","pubmedId":"39043596","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Humanin's impact on pain markers and neuronal viability in diabetic neuropathy model.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1080/13813455.2024.2336922","pubmedId":"38599217","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Nitric oxide mediated kisspeptin regulation of steroidogenesis and gametogenesis in the catfish, Clarias batrachus.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1007/s00441-024-03899-2","pubmedId":"38829397","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Linaclotide for paediatric functional constipation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/s2468-1253(23)00440-5","pubmedId":"38211605","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Safety and efficacy of linaclotide in children aged 2-5 years with functional constipation: Phase 2, randomized study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1002/jpn3.12306","pubmedId":"38962910","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Safety and efficacy of linaclotide in children aged 7-17 years with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1002/jpn3.12103","pubmedId":"38504394","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Vitamin D triggers hCAP18/LL-37 production: Implications for LL-37-induced human osteoblast cytotoxicity.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Biochemical and biophysical research communications","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149962","pubmedId":"38642493","peptide":{"commonName":"LL-37","slug":"ll-37"}},{"title":"Humanin variant P3S is associated with longevity in APOE4 carriers and resists APOE4-induced brain pathology.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1111/acel.14153","pubmedId":"38520065","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanin P3S, haplogroup N1b and the risk of Alzheimer's disease.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1111/acel.14207","pubmedId":"38757793","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Salivary Cathelicidin (LL-37) in Children and Adolescents Living with HIV.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Biomedicine hub","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1159/000535596","pubmedId":"38287973","peptide":{"commonName":"LL-37","slug":"ll-37"}},{"title":"Simple meal announcements and pramlintide delivery versus carbohydrate counting in type 1 diabetes with automated fast-acting insulin aspart delivery: a randomised crossover trial in Montreal, Canada.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/s2589-7500(24)00092-x","pubmedId":"38906614","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Humanin Treatment Protects Against Venetoclax-Induced Bone Growth Retardation in <i>Ex Vivo</i> Cultured Rat Bones.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1210/jendso/bvae009","pubmedId":"38328478","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"DRA involvement in linaclotide-stimulated bicarbonate secretion during loss of CFTR function.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1172/jci.insight.172364","pubmedId":"38869953","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide MOTS-c Suppresses Ovarian Cancer Progression by Attenuating USP7-Mediated LARS1 Deubiquitination.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1002/advs.202405620","pubmedId":"39321430","peptide":{"commonName":"MOTS-c","slug":"mots-c"}},{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of GLP-1 Medicines for Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.2337/dci24-0003","pubmedId":"38843460","peptide":{"commonName":"Retatrutide","slug":"retatrutide"}},{"title":"Humanin-G Ameliorates Hemorrhage-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice Through AMPKα1-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.3390/biomedicines12112615","pubmedId":"39595179","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"MOTS-c modulates skeletal muscle function by directly binding and activating CK2.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2024.111212","pubmedId":"39559755","peptide":{"commonName":"MOTS-c","slug":"mots-c"}},{"title":"Mitochondrial-derived microprotein MOTS-c attenuates immobilization-induced skeletal muscle atrophy by suppressing lipid infiltration.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00285.2023","pubmedId":"38170165","peptide":{"commonName":"MOTS-c","slug":"mots-c"}},{"title":"Interactions between kisspeptin and bone: Cellular mechanisms, clinical evidence, and future potential.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1111/nyas.15213","pubmedId":"39269749","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Novel function of MOTS-c in mitochondrial remodelling contributes to its antiviral role during HBV infection.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1136/gutjnl-2023-330389","pubmedId":"37788894","peptide":{"commonName":"MOTS-c","slug":"mots-c"}},{"title":"Examining linaclotide for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1080/14656566.2024.2386160","pubmedId":"39058326","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"[Gly14]-humanin exerts a protective effect against D-galactose-induced primary ovarian insufficiency in mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.rbmo.2023.103330","pubmedId":"38163419","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"[Gly14]-Humanin ameliorates high glucose-induced endothelial senescence via SIRT6.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-024-81878-x","pubmedId":"39730568","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin/KISS1R Signaling Modulates Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cell Migration.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1165/rcmb.2023-0469oc","pubmedId":"38512807","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Cu2+ tripeptide complex attenuates lung inflammation and fibrosis in silicosis by targeting peroxiredoxin 6.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.redox.2024.103237","pubmedId":"38879894","peptide":{"commonName":"GHK-Cu","slug":"ghk-cu"}},{"title":"Effect of Humanin and MOTS-c on ameliorating reproductive damage induced by prepubertal cyclophosphamide chemotherapy in male mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108674","pubmedId":"39079574","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Effects of Humanin G (HNG) on angiogenesis and neurodegeneration markers in Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD).","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.mito.2023.11.001","pubmedId":"38029849","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin and DLK1 levels for monitoring treatment of girls with central precocious puberty.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.3345/cep.2023.01361","pubmedId":"38772409","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Humanin ameliorates TBI-related cognitive impairment by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166937","pubmedId":"37926362","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin in patients with myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"Cardiovascular revascularization medicine : including molecular interventions","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.carrev.2023.10.014","pubmedId":"37872022","peptide":{"commonName":"Bivalirudin","slug":"bivalirudin"}},{"title":"Cathelicidin LL-37 promotes wound healing in diabetic mice by regulating TFEB-dependent autophagy.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Peptides","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171183","pubmedId":"38423213","peptide":{"commonName":"LL-37","slug":"ll-37"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin prevents pregnancy loss by modulating the immune microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface in recurrent spontaneous abortion.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1111/aji.13818","pubmedId":"38414308","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The evolutionary conserved miR-137/325 tandem mediates obesity-induced hypogonadism and metabolic comorbidities by repressing hypothalamic kisspeptin.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155932","pubmedId":"38729600","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Human Cathelicidin, LL-37 a potential antiviral therapeutic for Rift Valley Fever Virus in Egypt.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France)","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.14715/cmb/2024.70.8.1","pubmedId":"39262269","peptide":{"commonName":"LL-37","slug":"ll-37"}},{"title":"Effect of bivalirudin on coagulation in neonatal (cord) and adult human blood in vitro.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Paediatric anaesthesia","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1111/pan.14814","pubmedId":"38055634","peptide":{"commonName":"Bivalirudin","slug":"bivalirudin"}},{"title":"SERUM HUMANIN IN PEDIATRIC SEPTIC SHOCK-ASSOCIATED MULTIPLE-ORGAN DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1097/shk.0000000000002266","pubmedId":"37917869","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Linaclotide","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"35201736","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Tirzepatide for Weight Reduction in Chinese Adults With Obesity: The SURMOUNT-CN Randomized Clinical Trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1001/jama.2024.9217","pubmedId":"38819983","peptide":{"commonName":"Tirzepatide","slug":"tirzepatide"}},{"title":"Semaglutide vs Tirzepatide for Weight Loss in Adults With Overweight or Obesity.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.2525","pubmedId":"38976257","peptide":{"commonName":"Tirzepatide","slug":"tirzepatide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of desmopressin in nocturia and nocturnal polyuria control of neurological patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"Neurourology and urodynamics","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1002/nau.25291","pubmedId":"37746880","peptide":{"commonName":"Desmopressin","slug":"desmopressin"}},{"title":"Does the miR-105-1-Kisspeptin Axis Promote Ovarian Cell Functions?","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1007/s43032-024-01554-3","pubmedId":"38632222","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin and mammalian reproduction.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171297","pubmedId":"39306000","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Unbalanced circulating Humanin levels and cardiovascular risk in chronic hemodialysis patients: a pilot, prospective study.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1007/s40620-024-02032-4","pubmedId":"39102184","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Impaired Expression of Humanin during Adrenocortical Carcinoma.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.3390/ijms25021038","pubmedId":"38256114","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Elevated temperature impairs gonadal development by suppressing the expression of the genes for kisspeptin, GnRH1 and GTH subunits in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111714","pubmedId":"39089445","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin and Endometriosis-Is There a Link?","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.3390/jcm13247683","pubmedId":"39768606","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin and neurokinin B neuroendocrine pathways in the control of human ovulation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1111/jne.13371","pubmedId":"38404024","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Impact of Radiation Therapy on Serum Humanin and MOTS-c Levels in Patients with Lung or Breast Cancer.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.2174/0118744710254730231114181358","pubmedId":"38314601","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Dynamics in cortisol levels in Danio rerio fish under the influence of a synthetic analog of kisspeptin 1.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.18097/pbmc20247003176","pubmedId":"38940207","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Quantitative proteomics analysis reveals the protective role of S14G-humanin in septic acute kidney injury using 4D-label-free and PRM Approaches.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150630","pubmedId":"39332154","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Jiawei Buzhong Yiqi Decoction attenuates polycystic ovary syndrome through regulating kisspeptin-GPR54-AKT-SHBG system.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155931","pubmedId":"39116604","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"A randomized controlled trial on the comparison of two doses of carbetocin with oxytocin for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage (concert trial).","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1111/jog.16097","pubmedId":"39359132","peptide":{"commonName":"Carbetocin","slug":"carbetocin"}},{"title":"ACTH-like Peptides Compensate Rat Brain Gene Expression Profile Disrupted by Ischemia a Day After Experimental Stroke.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Biomedicines","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-022-20623-8","pubmedId":"39767736","peptide":{"commonName":"Semax","slug":"semax"}},{"title":"Structural basis for hormone recognition and distinctive Gq protein coupling by the kisspeptin receptor.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114389","pubmedId":"38935498","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Chronic estradiol exposure suppresses luteinizing hormone surge without affecting kisspeptin neurons and estrogen receptor alpha in anteroventral periventricular nucleus†.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1093/biolre/ioad129","pubmedId":"37774351","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Structural basis for the ligand recognition and G protein subtype selectivity of kisspeptin receptor.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adn7771","pubmedId":"39151001","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"A model of subcutaneous pramlintide pharmacokinetics and its effect on gastric emptying: Proof-of-concept based on populational data.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107968","pubmedId":"38064957","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Characterizing the relationship between gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), kisspeptin, and RFamide related peptide 3 (RFRP-3) neurons in the equine hypothalamus across the estrous cycle and in the anovulatory seasons.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.02.027","pubmedId":"38432143","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The Safety and Efficacy of Abaloparatide on Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"Clinical therapeutics","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.clinthera.2023.12.010","pubmedId":"38307725","peptide":{"commonName":"Abaloparatide","slug":"abaloparatide"}},{"title":"Effects of Abaloparatide on Bone Mineral Density in Proximal Femoral Regions Corresponding to Arthroplasty Gruen Zones: A Study of Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume","publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.2106/jbjs.23.01334","pubmedId":"38691582","peptide":{"commonName":"Abaloparatide","slug":"abaloparatide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin upregulates β-cell serotonin production during pregnancy.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2024,"doi":"10.1530/joe-23-0218","pubmedId":"37997938","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Teduglutide for the treatment of short bowel syndrome: a double-edged sword?","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.04.009","pubmedId":"37270286","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Thymosin α-1 in cancer therapy: Immunoregulation and potential applications.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109744","pubmedId":"36812669","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin alpha-1","slug":"thymosin-alpha-1"}},{"title":"A Pilot Trial of Thymalfasin (Thymosin-α-1) to Treat Hospitalized Patients With Hypoxemia and Lymphocytopenia Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiac362","pubmedId":"36056913","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin alpha-1","slug":"thymosin-alpha-1"}},{"title":"Fracture risk reduction and safety by osteoporosis treatment compared with placebo or active comparator in postmenopausal women: systematic review, network meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis of randomised clinical trials.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"BMJ (Clinical research ed.)","publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1136/bmj-2021-068033","pubmedId":"37130601","peptide":{"commonName":"Abaloparatide","slug":"abaloparatide"}},{"title":"Safety issues of tirzepatide (pancreatitis and gallbladder or biliary disease) in type 2 diabetes and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2023.1214334","pubmedId":"37908750","peptide":{"commonName":"Tirzepatide","slug":"tirzepatide"}},{"title":"Relief of ovalbumin-induced airway remodeling by the glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Cu2+ tripeptide complex via activation of SIRT1 in airway epithelial cells.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114936","pubmedId":"37257226","peptide":{"commonName":"GHK-Cu","slug":"ghk-cu"}},{"title":"Glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Cu2+ rescues cigarette smoking-induced skeletal muscle dysfunction via a sirtuin 1-dependent pathway.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13213","pubmedId":"36905132","peptide":{"commonName":"GHK-Cu","slug":"ghk-cu"}},{"title":"Retatrutide showing promise in obesity (and type 2 diabetes).","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1080/13543784.2023.2283020","pubmedId":"37947489","peptide":{"commonName":"Retatrutide","slug":"retatrutide"}},{"title":"Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity in people with type 2 diabetes (SURMOUNT-2)","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01200-X","pubmedId":"37385275","peptide":{"commonName":"Tirzepatide","slug":"tirzepatide"}},{"title":"Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa2307563","pubmedId":"37952131","peptide":{"commonName":"Semaglutide","slug":"semaglutide"}},{"title":"Oral semaglutide 50 mg taken once per day in adults with overweight or obesity (OASIS 1): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01185-6","pubmedId":"37385278","peptide":{"commonName":"Semaglutide","slug":"semaglutide"}},{"title":"Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity — A Phase 2 Trial","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa2301972","pubmedId":"37366315","peptide":{"commonName":"Retatrutide","slug":"retatrutide"}},{"title":"Retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, for people with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo and active-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2 trial conducted in the USA","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01053-X","pubmedId":"37385280","peptide":{"commonName":"Retatrutide","slug":"retatrutide"}},{"title":"Tirzepatide after intensive lifestyle intervention in adults with overweight or obesity: the SURMOUNT-3 phase 3 trial","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1038/s41591-023-02597-w","pubmedId":"37845521","peptide":{"commonName":"Tirzepatide","slug":"tirzepatide"}},{"title":"Abaloparatide dose-dependently increases bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: a phase 2 study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of bone and mineral metabolism","publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1007/s00774-023-01455-6","pubmedId":"37505256","peptide":{"commonName":"Abaloparatide","slug":"abaloparatide"}},{"title":"The effects of abaloparatide on hip geometry and biomechanical properties in Japanese osteoporotic patients assessed using DXA-based hip structural analysis: results of the Japanese phase 3 ACTIVE-J trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Archives of osteoporosis","publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1007/s11657-023-01344-5","pubmedId":"38030806","peptide":{"commonName":"Abaloparatide","slug":"abaloparatide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Transdermal Abaloparatide in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis: A Randomized Study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research","publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1002/jbmr.4877","pubmedId":"37417725","peptide":{"commonName":"Abaloparatide","slug":"abaloparatide"}},{"title":"Effectiveness and Safety of Treatments to Prevent Fractures in People With Low Bone Mass or Primary Osteoporosis: A Living Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis for the American College of Physicians.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Annals of internal medicine","publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.7326/m22-0684","pubmedId":"36592455","peptide":{"commonName":"Abaloparatide","slug":"abaloparatide"}},{"title":"Evidence for the cardiovascular effects of osteoporosis treatments in randomized trials of post-menopausal women: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"Bone","publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.bone.2022.116610","pubmedId":"36372197","peptide":{"commonName":"Abaloparatide","slug":"abaloparatide"}},{"title":"Bivalirudin Versus Heparin During PCI in NSTEMI: Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of Large Randomized Trials.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"Circulation","publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1161/circulationaha.123.063946","pubmedId":"37746717","peptide":{"commonName":"Bivalirudin","slug":"bivalirudin"}},{"title":"Bivalirudin versus heparin anticoagulation in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"Perfusion","publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1177/02676591221105605","pubmedId":"35616224","peptide":{"commonName":"Bivalirudin","slug":"bivalirudin"}},{"title":"Comparison of Bivalirudin Versus Heparin for Anticoagulation During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"ASAIO journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs : 1992)","publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1097/mat.0000000000001814","pubmedId":"36194483","peptide":{"commonName":"Bivalirudin","slug":"bivalirudin"}},{"title":"Heparin-based versus bivalirudin-based anticoagulation in pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A systematic review.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"Frontiers in medicine","publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3389/fmed.2023.1137134","pubmedId":"36999064","peptide":{"commonName":"Bivalirudin","slug":"bivalirudin"}},{"title":"Chromogenic and Clot-Based Bivalirudin Assays for Monitoring Anticoagulation.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The journal of applied laboratory medicine","publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1093/jalm/jfad072","pubmedId":"37811688","peptide":{"commonName":"Bivalirudin","slug":"bivalirudin"}},{"title":"ANGPTL8 accelerates liver fibrosis mediated by HFD-induced inflammatory activity via LILRB2/ERK signaling pathways.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of advanced research","publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.jare.2022.08.006","pubmedId":"36031141","peptide":{"commonName":"Betatrophin","slug":"betatrophin"}},{"title":"Role of MOTS-c in the regulation of bone metabolism.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3389/fphys.2023.1149120","pubmedId":"37200834","peptide":{"commonName":"MOTS-c","slug":"mots-c"}},{"title":"MOTS-c Functionally Prevents Metabolic Disorders.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3390/metabo13010125","pubmedId":"36677050","peptide":{"commonName":"MOTS-c","slug":"mots-c"}},{"title":"Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA Type-c: Potential Therapeutic Candidate in Retinal Diseases.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3390/antiox12020518","pubmedId":"36830076","peptide":{"commonName":"MOTS-c","slug":"mots-c"}},{"title":"MOTS-c: A promising mitochondrial-derived peptide for therapeutic exploitation.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2023.1120533","pubmedId":"36761202","peptide":{"commonName":"MOTS-c","slug":"mots-c"}},{"title":"Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157: Prompt Particular Activation of Collateral Pathways.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.2174/0929867329666221005111553","pubmedId":"36200148","peptide":{"commonName":"BPC-157","slug":"bpc-157"}},{"title":"Thymosin Beta 4 Protects Hippocampal Neuronal Cells against PrP (106-126) via Neurotrophic Factor Signaling.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3390/molecules28093920","pubmedId":"37175330","peptide":{"commonName":"TB-500","slug":"tb-500"}},{"title":"Thymosin beta-4 - A potential tool in healing middle ear lesions in adult mammals.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109830","pubmedId":"38706788","peptide":{"commonName":"TB-500","slug":"tb-500"}},{"title":"Thymosin beta 4: A potential novel adjunct treatment for bacterial keratitis.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109953","pubmedId":"37018981","peptide":{"commonName":"TB-500","slug":"tb-500"}},{"title":"Thymosin beta 4 prevents systemic lipopolysaccharide-induced plaque load in middle-age APP/PS1 mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109951","pubmedId":"36878045","peptide":{"commonName":"TB-500","slug":"tb-500"}},{"title":"Deficiency of endothelial sirtuin1 in mice stimulates skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity by modifying the secretome.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-023-41351-1","pubmedId":"37696839","peptide":{"commonName":"TB-500","slug":"tb-500"}},{"title":"Cationic exchange SPE combined with triple quadrupole UHPLC-MS/MS for detection of GHRHs in urine samples.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.ab.2023.115336","pubmedId":"37806509","peptide":{"commonName":"CJC-1295","slug":"cjc-1295"}},{"title":"EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF PEPTIDE BIOREGULATORS ON THE \"OLD\" CHROMATIN.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"37042594","peptide":{"commonName":"Epitalon","slug":"epitalon"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin-10 increases collagen content in the myocardium by focal adhesion kinase activity.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Scientific reports","publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1172/JCI145889","pubmedId":"37968564","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-10","slug":"kisspeptin-10"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin regulates airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling in a mouse model of asthma.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Journal of pathology","publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1002/path.6086","pubmedId":"37171283","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-10","slug":"kisspeptin-10"}},{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Elamipretide in Individuals With Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy: The MMPOWER-3 Randomized Clinical Trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Neurology","publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1101/2020.11.20.20235580","pubmedId":"37268435","peptide":{"commonName":"Elamipretide","slug":"elamipretide"}},{"title":"Cathelicidin LL-37 Activates Human Keratinocyte Autophagy through the P2X₇, Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin, and MAPK Pathways.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Journal of investigative dermatology","publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.jid.2022.10.020","pubmedId":"36455652","peptide":{"commonName":"LL-37","slug":"ll-37"}},{"title":"Cathelicidin (LL-37) causes expression of inflammatory factors in coronary artery endothelial cells of Kawasaki disease by activating TLR4-NF-κB-NLRP3 signaling.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Immunity, inflammation and disease","publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1002/iid3.1032","pubmedId":"37773705","peptide":{"commonName":"LL-37","slug":"ll-37"}},{"title":"Desmopressin for patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage taking antiplatelet drugs (DASH): a UK-based, phase 2, randomised, placebo-controlled, multicentre feasibility trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Lancet. Neurology","publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/s1474-4422(23)00157-6","pubmedId":"37353276","peptide":{"commonName":"Desmopressin","slug":"desmopressin"}},{"title":"Improved Outcomes with Enzalutamide in Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The New England journal of medicine","publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa2303974","pubmedId":"37851874","peptide":{"commonName":"Leuprolide","slug":"leuprolide"}},{"title":"Effectiveness and Safety of Treatments to Prevent Fractures in People With Low Bone Mass or Primary Osteoporosis: A Living Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis for the American College of Physicians.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Annals of internal medicine","publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.7326/m22-0684","pubmedId":"36592455","peptide":{"commonName":"Teriparatide","slug":"teriparatide"}},{"title":"Biosimilarity Assessment of the Biosimilar Teriparatide Candidate and the Reference Drug in Healthy Subjects.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Clinical pharmacology in drug development","publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1002/cpdd.1221","pubmedId":"36710466","peptide":{"commonName":"Teriparatide","slug":"teriparatide"}},{"title":"Sequential therapy with once-weekly teriparatide injection followed by alendronate versus monotherapy with alendronate alone in patients at high risk of osteoporotic fracture: final results of the Japanese Osteoporosis Intervention Trial-05.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA","publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1007/s00198-022-06570-0","pubmedId":"36239756","peptide":{"commonName":"Teriparatide","slug":"teriparatide"}},{"title":"THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF VASOPRESSORS FOR SEPTIC SHOCK PATIENTS: A SYSTEMIC REVIEW AND NETWORK META-ANALYSIS.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"Shock (Augusta, Ga.)","publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1097/shk.0000000000002193","pubmedId":"37548686","peptide":{"commonName":"Vasopressin","slug":"vasopressin"}},{"title":"Cotadutide promotes glycogenolysis in people with overweight or obesity diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Nature metabolism","publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1038/s42255-023-00938-0","pubmedId":"38066113","peptide":{"commonName":"Cotadutide","slug":"cotadutide"}},{"title":"Editorial: repurposed linaclotide and the quest for abdominal pain management in irritable bowel syndrome.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1111/apt.17304","pubmedId":"36565004","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Linaclotide (Linzess) for functional constipation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.58347/tml.2023.1683d","pubmedId":"37651297","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Thymosin beta-4 - A potential tool in healing middle ear lesions in adult mammals.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109830","pubmedId":"38706788","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Into the Light: Afamelanotide and the Treatment of Erythropoietic Protoporphyria in the United States.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.36849/jdd.7126","pubmedId":"37683058","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"A feasibility and safety study of afamelanotide in acute stroke patients - an open label, proof of concept, phase iia clinical trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1186/s12883-023-03338-9","pubmedId":"37496004","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"Erythropoietic protoporphyria in the Netherlands: Clinical features, psychosocial impact and the effect of afamelanotide.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1111/1346-8138.16690","pubmedId":"36579412","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"Association of quality of life measures with afamelanotide treatment in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria and x-linked protoporphyria: A retrospective cohort study.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.jaad.2022.10.012","pubmedId":"36244556","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"An evaluation of bremelanotide injection for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1080/14656566.2022.2132144","pubmedId":"36242769","peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin: a potential therapeutic target in patients with unexplained infertility?","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1007/s11845-022-03152-1","pubmedId":"36114933","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin neuron projections to oxytocin neurons are not necessary for parturition in the mouse.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1007/s00429-023-02670-7","pubmedId":"37389617","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin and lactational anestrus: Current understanding and future prospects.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171026","pubmedId":"37230188","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin induces Kiss-1 and GnRH gene expression in mHypoA-55 hypothalamic cell models: Involvement of the ERK and PKA signaling pathways.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114260","pubmedId":"36933747","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin decreases the adverse effects of human ovarian vitrification by regulating ROS-related apoptotic occurrences.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1017/s0967199423000412","pubmedId":"37655529","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin-10 increases collagen content in the myocardium by focal adhesion kinase activity.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-023-47224-3","pubmedId":"37968564","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of ovary granulosa cells in polycystic ovary syndrome by modulating the PI3K/AKT/ERK signalling pathway.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1186/s12905-022-02154-6","pubmedId":"36627631","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin Suppresses Inflammasome-NLRP3 Activation and Pyroptosis Caused by Hypothyroidism at the Maternal-Fetal Interface of Rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3390/ijms24076820","pubmedId":"37047793","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin as a predictor of miscarriage: a systematic review.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1080/14767058.2023.2197097","pubmedId":"37015836","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The kisspeptin-GnIH signaling pathway in the role of zebrafish courtship and aggressive behavior induced by azoxystrobin.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121461","pubmedId":"36934963","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Serum kisspeptin, neurokinin B and inhibin B levels can be used as alternative parameters to distinguish idiopathic CPP from premature thelarche in the early stages of puberty.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1111/cen.14906","pubmedId":"36879296","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Role of kisspeptin in decidualization and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion via the ERK1/2 signalling pathway.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.placenta.2023.01.006","pubmedId":"36680818","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Role of kisspeptin in polycystic ovarian syndrome: A metabolomics study.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1111/cen.14899","pubmedId":"36843187","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Effects of Kisspeptin on Sexual Brain Processing and Penile Tumescence in Men With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.54313","pubmedId":"36735255","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Effects of Kisspeptin on the reproductive function in the Dabry's sturgeon (Acipenser dabrynus).","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114244","pubmedId":"36841441","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The role of kisspeptin in the pathogenesis of a polycystic ovary syndrome.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.2478/enr-2023-0032","pubmedId":"38127687","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"A fresh look at kisspeptin neuron synchronization.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1038/s41574-023-00802-x","pubmedId":"36646873","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Hypothalamic Kisspeptin Neurons as a Target for Whole-Cell Patch-Clamp Recordings.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3791/64989","pubmedId":"37010276","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Effects of <i>KISS1</i> structural polymorphism on the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome and reproductive hormones in Iraqi women who take metformin.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1177/03000605231196837","pubmedId":"37702549","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The effects of kisspeptin on food intake in women with overweight or obesity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1111/dom.15086","pubmedId":"37039248","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Correlation between kisspeptin and biochemical markers in obese and non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1080/09513590.2023.2215869","pubmedId":"37236245","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Mechanism of Arcuate Kisspeptin Neuron Synchronization in Acute Brain Slices From Female Mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqad167","pubmedId":"37936337","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Correlation of serum kisspeptin levels, ovarian kisspeptin expression, and ovarian BMP15 expression in rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i3.4","pubmedId":"37026063","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The interplay between kisspeptin and endocannabinoid systems modulates male hypothalamic and gonadic control of reproduction <i>in vivo</i>.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2023.1269334","pubmedId":"37900144","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Optogenetics studies of kisspeptin neurons.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2023.170961","pubmedId":"36731655","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Editorial: The versatile kisspeptin: advances in cancer, metabolism, and reproduction.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2023.1239694","pubmedId":"37522118","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Conditional Oprk1-dependent Kiss1 deletion in kisspeptin neurons caused estrogen-dependent LH pulse disruption and LH surge attenuation in female rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-023-47222-5","pubmedId":"37993510","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Deletion of GABAB receptors from <i>Kiss1</i> cells affects glucose homeostasis without altering reproduction in male mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00129.2022","pubmedId":"36652400","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Deletion of Androgen Receptors From Kisspeptin Neurons Prevents PCOS Features in a Letrozole Mouse Model.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqad077","pubmedId":"37191144","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Effects of electroacupuncture on the kisspeptin-gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) /luteinizing hormone (LH) neural circuit abnormalities and androgen receptor expression of kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin neurons in PCOS rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1186/s13048-022-01078-x","pubmedId":"36650561","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Oral sodium oxybate does not alter plasma kisspeptin levels in healthy male volunteers.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1177/02698811231185097","pubmedId":"37401623","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Is There an Association Between Circulating Kisspeptin Levels and Ovarian Reserve in Women of Reproductive Age?","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.21873/invivo.13322","pubmedId":"37652519","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"CRISPR-Cas9 knockdown of ESR1 in preoptic GABA-kisspeptin neurons suppresses the preovulatory surge and estrous cycles in female mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.7554/elife.90959","pubmedId":"38126277","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The impact of inflammatory stress on hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons: Mechanisms underlying inflammation-associated infertility in humans and domestic animals.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2023.170958","pubmedId":"36682622","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Physiological and pathological roles of locally expressed kisspeptin and KISS1R in the endometrium.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1093/humrep/dead080","pubmedId":"37105233","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Fasting Modulates GABAergic Synaptic Transmission to Arcuate Kisspeptin Neurons in Female Mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqad150","pubmedId":"37793082","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Airway-associated adipose tissue accumulation is increased in a kisspeptin receptor knockout mouse model.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1042/cs20230792","pubmedId":"37732890","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"[Effects of electroacupuncture on the secretion function of ovarian cells and kisspeptin/kiss1r system in rats with polycystic ovarian syndrome].","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.13702/j.1000-0607.20220481","pubmedId":"37614139","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Treadmill exercise has healing effects on obesity-induced sexual behavior disorder through kisspeptin and kiss1R expression in male rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.14715/cmb/2023.69.3.2","pubmedId":"37300694","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Hindbrain Adenosine 5-Triphosphate (ATP)-Purinergic Signaling Triggers LH Surge and Ovulation via Activation of AVPV Kisspeptin Neurons in Rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.1496-22.2023","pubmedId":"36813577","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Linaclotide Reduced Response Time for Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation Symptoms: Analysis of 4 Randomized Controlled Trials.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.14309/ajg.0000000000002064","pubmedId":"36227782","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Cost impact of incorporating linaclotide into low-volume colonoscopy preparation.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.gie.2023.05.054","pubmedId":"37863578","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Microbiota-derived butyrate dampens linaclotide stimulation of the guanylate cyclase C pathway in patient-derived colonoids.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1111/nmo.14681","pubmedId":"37736865","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"A New Regioselective Synthesis of the Cysteine-Rich Peptide Linaclotide.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3390/molecules28031007","pubmedId":"36770675","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"A novel ultra-low-volume regimen combining 1 L polyethylene glycol and linaclotide versus 2 L polyethylene glycol for colonoscopy cleansing in low-risk individuals: a randomized controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.gie.2022.12.015","pubmedId":"36572127","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Effects of Teduglutide on Diarrhea in Pediatric Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome-Associated Intestinal Failure.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1097/mpg.0000000000003922","pubmedId":"37889619","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Quality of Life in Teduglutide-Treated Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome Intestinal Failure-A Nested Matched Pair Real-World Study.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3390/nu15081949","pubmedId":"37111167","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"[Review of real-life teduglutide experience].","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.20960/nh.04646","pubmedId":"37409717","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Post-Marketing Use of Teduglutide in a Large Cohort of Adults with Short Bowel Syndrome-Associated Chronic Intestinal Failure: Evolution and Outcomes.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3390/nu15112448","pubmedId":"37299413","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Teduglutide in Infants and Children With Short Bowel Syndrome Dependent on Parenteral Support.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1097/mpg.0000000000003867","pubmedId":"37364133","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Case report: Exploring teduglutide as a therapeutic option for refractory microscopic colitis: insights and implications.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3389/fmed.2023.1231565","pubmedId":"37649980","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Long-term treatment with teduglutide: a 48-week open-label single-center clinical trial in children with short bowel syndrome.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.02.019","pubmedId":"37270289","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Cost-utility analysis of teduglutide compared to standard care in weaning parenteral nutrition support in children with short bowel syndrome.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2023.10.001","pubmedId":"37862822","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Use of teduglutide for short bowel syndrome and Crohn's disease in a patient treated with ustekinumab and vedolizumab dual biologic therapy.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.17235/reed.2022.9194/2022","pubmedId":"36177820","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Short-term clinical evaluation of teduglutide for patients with Crohn's disease on home parenteral support for postoperative short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2023.03.012","pubmedId":"37001195","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"[Expert recommendations on the use of teduglutide in pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome].","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"36774605","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of teduglutide in adult Japanese patients with short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure: two phase III studies with an extension.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1007/s00595-022-02587-4","pubmedId":"36201060","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Adult patients with short bowel syndrome treated with teduglutide: A descriptive cohort study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1002/jpen.2549","pubmedId":"37416984","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"The indications and results of the use of teduglutide in patients with short bowel.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1097/mco.0000000000000964","pubmedId":"37421385","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Comprehensive physicochemical characterization of a peptide-based medicine: Teduglutide (Revestive®) structural description and stress testing.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.01.001","pubmedId":"36669672","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Unexpected upper gastrointestinal polyps in patients with short bowel syndrome treated with teduglutide: need for close monitoring.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.02.015","pubmedId":"37270288","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Nutritional management of a patient with chronic intestinal failure and hemodialysis receiving teduglutide: A case report.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2023.112137","pubmedId":"37481817","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Predictive Potential of Biomarkers of Intestinal Barrier Function for Therapeutic Management with Teduglutide in Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3390/nu15194220","pubmedId":"37836505","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Ziconotide for the Management of Cancer Pain: A Budget Impact Analysis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.neurom.2022.08.458","pubmedId":"36202713","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Microneedle-mediated delivery of Ziconotide-loaded liposomes fused with exosomes for analgesia.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.03.007","pubmedId":"36898532","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Physicochemical Stability Study of the Morphine-Ropivacaine-Ziconotide Association in Implantable Pumps for Intrathecal Administration.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.neurom.2021.10.002","pubmedId":"35088750","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Long-Term Follow-Up (>11 Years) on Successful Pregnancies With Ziconotide Monotherapy for Arachnoiditis-Related Chronic Pain.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.neurom.2022.05.008","pubmedId":"37548188","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"A Chemoenzymatic Approach To Produce a Cyclic Analogue of the Analgesic Drug MVIIA (Ziconotide).","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1002/anie.202302812","pubmedId":"37148162","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of co-administered once-weekly cagrilintide 2·4 mg with once-weekly semaglutide 2·4 mg in type 2 diabetes: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, phase 2 trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01163-7","pubmedId":"37364590","peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"Humanin and Its Pathophysiological Roles in Aging: A Systematic Review.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3390/biology12040558","pubmedId":"37106758","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"The humanin analogue (HNG) alleviates intrauterine adhesions by inhibiting endometrial epithelial cells ferroptosis: a rat model-based study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1093/humrep/dead196","pubmedId":"37814907","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"S14G-humanin confers cardioprotective effects against chronic adrenergic and pressure overload-induced heart failure in mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21892","pubmedId":"38045183","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"S14G-Humanin ameliorates ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation in asthma mediated by inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression and the nuclear factor κ-B (NF-κB)/early growth response protein-1 (Egr-1) pathway.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.18632/aging.204874","pubmedId":"37451839","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"S14G-humanin alleviates acute lung injury by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.18632/aging.205267","pubmedId":"38054825","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Exogenous humanin and MOTS-c function as protective agents against gentamicin-induced hair cell damage.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.08.033","pubmedId":"37633181","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanin gene expression in subjects with Parkinson's disease.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1007/s11033-022-08132-3","pubmedId":"36626066","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Evaluation of Serum Humanin and MOTS-c Peptide Levels in Patients with COVID-19 and Healthy Subjects.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.2174/1389203724666230217101202","pubmedId":"36799414","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF HUMANIN-G IN HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK IN FEMALE MICE VIA AMPKα1-INDEPENDENT MECHANISMS.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1097/shk.0000000000002134","pubmedId":"37079467","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Age-related Changes in Humanin Expression in the Ovarian Tissue of Rat.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1007/s11596-023-2732-7","pubmedId":"37115400","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"A novel beneficial role of humanin on intestinal apoptosis and dysmotility in a rat model of ischemia reperfusion injury.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1007/s00424-023-02804-0","pubmedId":"37020079","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Effectiveness of analog of Humanin in ameliorating streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in Sprague Dawley rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171014","pubmedId":"37119975","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Exploring the potential of humanin as a biomarker for early breast cancer detection: a study of serum levels and diagnostic performance.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1080/1354750x.2023.2246700","pubmedId":"37552125","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Protective effects of chronic humanin treatment in mice with diabetic encephalopathy: A focus on oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114584","pubmedId":"37467966","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Stability Determination of Intact Humanin-G with Characterizations of Oxidation and Dimerization Patterns.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3390/biom13030515","pubmedId":"36979450","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Intranasal delivery of mitochondrial protein humanin rescues cell death and promotes mitochondrial function in Parkinson's disease.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.7150/thno.84165","pubmedId":"37351170","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"A novel link between chronic inflammation and humanin regulation in children.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2023.1142310","pubmedId":"38322155","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Evidence of natural selection in the mitochondrial-derived peptides humanin and SHLP6.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-023-41053-0","pubmedId":"37644144","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"A New Antioxidant Marker in Cord Blood of Fetuses with Late Fetal Growth Restriction: Humanin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1080/15513815.2023.2229432","pubmedId":"37366369","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"A phase 2 randomised controlled trial of mazdutide in Chinese overweight adults or adults with obesity.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-023-44067-4","pubmedId":"38092790","peptide":{"commonName":"Mazdutide","slug":"mazdutide"}},{"title":"A co-formulation of pramlintide and insulin A21G (ADO09) improves postprandial glucose and short-term control of mean glucose, time in range, and body weight versus insulin aspart in adults with type 1 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1111/dom.14972","pubmedId":"36633505","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Contraction of human brain vascular pericytes in response to islet amyloid polypeptide is reversed by pramlintide.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1186/s13041-023-01013-1","pubmedId":"36793056","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Thymosin beta-4 participate in antibacterial immunity and wound healing in black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109065","pubmedId":"37689229","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Thymosin beta-4 denotes new directions towards developing prosperous anti-aging regenerative therapies.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109741","pubmedId":"36709593","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Targeted heart repair by Tβ4-loaded cardiac-resident macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles modified with monocyte membranes.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.actbio.2023.08.022","pubmedId":"37597679","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"A Novel Combination Therapy Tβ4/VIP Protects against Hyperglycemia-Induced Changes in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.3390/bios13110974","pubmedId":"37998149","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Detection and quantification of the metabolite Ac-Tβ<sub>1-14</sub> in in vitro experiments and urine of rats treated with Ac-Tβ4: A potential biomarker of Ac-Tβ4 for doping tests.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2023,"doi":"10.1002/dta.3552","pubmedId":"37515313","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Teriparatide and pelvic fracture healing: a phase 2 randomized controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA","publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1007/s00198-021-06065-4","pubmedId":"34383100","peptide":{"commonName":"Teriparatide","slug":"teriparatide"}},{"title":"Effects of intracerebroventricular and intravenous administration of Kisspeptin-54 and Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in rats with ovarian hyperstimulation.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2022.102298","pubmedId":"36367482","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The role of humanin in natural stress tolerance: An underexplored therapeutic avenue.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130022","pubmedId":"34626747","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"The role of humanin in the regulation of reproduction.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130023","pubmedId":"34626748","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Two-year effects of semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity: the STEP 5 trial","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1038/s41591-022-02026-4","pubmedId":"36216945","peptide":{"commonName":"Semaglutide","slug":"semaglutide"}},{"title":"Circulating humanin is lower in coronary artery disease and is a prognostic biomarker for major cardiac events in humans.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130010","pubmedId":"34525397","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Thymosin beta-4 improves endothelial function and reparative potency of diabetic endothelial cells differentiated from patient induced pluripotent stem cells.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1186/s13287-021-02687-x","pubmedId":"35012642","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"A KPV-binding double-network hydrogel restores gut mucosal barrier in an inflamed colon.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.actbio.2022.02.039","pubmedId":"35245681","peptide":{"commonName":"KPV","slug":"kpv"}},{"title":"An evidence of Humanin-like peptide and Humanin mediated cryosurvival of spermatozoa in buffalo bulls.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.09.013","pubmedId":"36183493","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Cryoprotection of humanin-like peptides in seminal plasma for ejaculated spermatozoa of crossbred bulls.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.54680/fr22510110712","pubmedId":"36626132","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise vs desmopressin in adolescent males with mild hemophilia A: a randomized trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Blood","publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1182/blood.2022016146","pubmedId":"35839450","peptide":{"commonName":"Desmopressin","slug":"desmopressin"}},{"title":"Mechanism of LH release after peripheral administration of kisspeptin in cattle.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0278564","pubmedId":"36459509","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"A Randomized Trial Evaluating Patient Experience and Preference Between Octreotide Long-Acting Release and Lanreotide for Treatment of Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumors.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"JCO oncology practice","publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1200/op.22.00055","pubmedId":"35724357","peptide":{"commonName":"Lanreotide","slug":"lanreotide"}},{"title":"Comparison of Serum Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-c) Levels in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Healthy Controls.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.7759/cureus.26981","pubmedId":"35989823","peptide":{"commonName":"MOTS-c","slug":"mots-c"}},{"title":"Safety Profile of Bremelanotide Across the Clinical Development Program.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1089/jwh.2021.0191","pubmedId":"35147466","peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Randomized controlled trial of daily teriparatide, weekly high-dose teriparatide, or bisphosphonate in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis: The TERABIT study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Bone","publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.bone.2022.116416","pubmedId":"35398293","peptide":{"commonName":"Teriparatide","slug":"teriparatide"}},{"title":"Receptor deorphanization in an echinoderm reveals kisspeptin evolution and relationship with SALMFamide neuropeptides.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1186/s12915-022-01387-z","pubmedId":"36002813","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Pramlintide: A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Osteosarcoma through Metabolic Reprogramming.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.3390/cancers14174310","pubmedId":"36077845","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"The efficacy and safety of desmopressin acetate applied for nocturia in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"Lower urinary tract symptoms","publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1111/luts.12423","pubmedId":"35034423","peptide":{"commonName":"Desmopressin","slug":"desmopressin"}},{"title":"Cardio-protective role of Humanin in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130066","pubmedId":"34896254","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Stereology of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and kisspeptin neurons in PACAP gene-deficient female mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2022.993228","pubmedId":"36387875","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"LY3437943, a novel triple glucagon, GIP, and GLP-1 receptor agonist for glycemic control and weight loss: From discovery to clinical proof of concept","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2022.07.013","pubmedId":"36116484","peptide":{"commonName":"Retatrutide","slug":"retatrutide"}},{"title":"Gestational exposure to bisphenol analogues and kisspeptin levels in pregnant women and their children: A pregnancy-birth cohort study.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157720","pubmedId":"35914601","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"GnRH pulse generator frequency is modulated by kisspeptin and GABA-glutamate interactions in the posterodorsal medial amygdala in female mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1111/jne.13207","pubmedId":"36305576","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin-10 Rescues Cholinergic Differentiated SHSY-5Y Cells from α-Synuclein-Induced Toxicity In Vitro.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"International journal of molecular sciences","publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1002/prot.10104","pubmedId":"35563582","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-10","slug":"kisspeptin-10"}},{"title":"The protective effects of S14G-humanin on gestational diabetes mellitus symptoms.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1080/09513590.2022.2073348","pubmedId":"35536048","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Heat stable carbetocin vs. oxytocin for the prevention of post-partum hemorrhage in emergency caesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of perinatal medicine","publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1515/jpm-2021-0206","pubmedId":"34535047","peptide":{"commonName":"Carbetocin","slug":"carbetocin"}},{"title":"Effects of Kisspeptin Administration in Women With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.36131","pubmedId":"36287566","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Effect of heat stable carbetocin vs oxytocin for preventing postpartum haemorrhage on post delivery hemoglobin-a randomized controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians","publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1080/14767058.2021.2001799","pubmedId":"34763599","peptide":{"commonName":"Carbetocin","slug":"carbetocin"}},{"title":"Tracking the physicochemical stability of teduglutide (Revestive®) clinical solutions over time in different storage containers.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115064","pubmedId":"36152491","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"An antibody-free, ultrafiltration-based assay for the detection of growth hormone-releasing hormones in urine at low pg/mL concentrations using nanoLC-HRMS/MS.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114726","pubmedId":"35298973","peptide":{"commonName":"CJC-1295","slug":"cjc-1295"}},{"title":"Effects of empagliflozin on the expression of kisspeptin gene and reproductive system function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2022.1059942","pubmedId":"36479221","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The protective effects of S14G-humanin (HNG) against mono-sodium urate (MSU) crystals- induced gouty arthritis.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1080/21655979.2021.2001911","pubmedId":"34965184","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Effect of Carbetocin on Postpartum Hemorrhage after Vaginal Delivery: A Meta-Analysis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"Computational and mathematical methods in medicine","publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1155/2022/6420738","pubmedId":"35770122","peptide":{"commonName":"Carbetocin","slug":"carbetocin"}},{"title":"What is the protective effect of preischemic kisspeptin-10 administration against ischemia/reperfusion injury of striatum on mice?","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.55730/1300-0144.5493","pubmedId":"36422497","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Semaglutide 2.4 mg once a week in adults from east Asia with overweight or obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes (STEP 6): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, phase 3a trial","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00008-0","pubmedId":"35131037","peptide":{"commonName":"Semaglutide","slug":"semaglutide"}},{"title":"Is bivalirudin an alternative anticoagulant for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) patients? A systematic review and meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"Thrombosis research","publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.thromres.2021.12.024","pubmedId":"35007937","peptide":{"commonName":"Bivalirudin","slug":"bivalirudin"}},{"title":"Exercise, Mitohormesis, and Mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA Type-C (MOTS-c).","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.4093/dmj.2022.0092","pubmedId":"35656563","peptide":{"commonName":"MOTS-c","slug":"mots-c"}},{"title":"Probing for peptidic drugs (2-10 kDa) in doping control blood samples.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1002/ansa.202200027","pubmedId":"38716080","peptide":{"commonName":"CJC-1295","slug":"cjc-1295"}},{"title":"[Gly14]-Humanin inhibits an angiotensin II-induced vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch via ameliorating intracellular oxidative stress.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1177/09603271221136208","pubmedId":"36289015","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Long-term results of teduglutide treatment for chronic intestinal failure - Insights from a national, multi-centric patient home-care service program.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.08.027","pubmedId":"36184208","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of linaclotide in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: Chinese sub-cohort analysis of a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1111/1751-2980.13081","pubmedId":"35019221","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Zn(II) binding to pramlintide results in a structural kink, fibril formation and antifungal activity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-022-24968-y","pubmedId":"36446825","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Effects of kisspeptin-10 on the reproductive performance of sows in a fixed-time artificial insemination programme.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience","publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2022.100509","pubmedId":"35436648","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-10","slug":"kisspeptin-10"}},{"title":"Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and the central nervous system.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.4103/1673-5374.320969","pubmedId":"34380875","peptide":{"commonName":"BPC-157","slug":"bpc-157"}},{"title":"Sex-specific hypothalamic expression of kisspeptin, gonadotropin releasing hormone, and kisspeptin receptor in progressive demyelination model.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102120","pubmedId":"35718292","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin-10 in cryodiluent improves the post-thaw quality of Nili-Ravi buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bull spermatozoa.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Andrologia","publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1111/and.14564","pubmedId":"36054451","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-10","slug":"kisspeptin-10"}},{"title":"Roles of humanin and derivatives on the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases and cognition.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130097","pubmedId":"35104624","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptins inhibit human airway smooth muscle proliferation.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"JCI insight","publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1007/s00441-019-02995-y","pubmedId":"35420998","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-10","slug":"kisspeptin-10"}},{"title":"Changes in Parenteral Nutrition Requirements and BMI in Patients with Parenteral Nutrition-Dependent Short Bowel Syndrome after Stopping Teduglutide-9 Years of Follow-Up.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.3390/nu14081634","pubmedId":"35458196","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin-10 Promotes Progesterone Synthesis in Bovine Ovarian Granulosa Cells via Downregulation of microRNA-1246.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Genes","publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.12.010","pubmedId":"35205342","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-10","slug":"kisspeptin-10"}},{"title":"Effect of bremelanotide on body weight of obese women: Data from two phase 1 randomized controlled trials.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1111/dom.14672","pubmedId":"35170192","peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin-10 in cryodiluent improves the post-thaw quality of Nili-Ravi buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bull spermatozoa.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1111/and.14564","pubmedId":"36054451","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Advances in clinical applications of kisspeptin-GnRH pathway in female reproduction.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1186/s12958-022-00953-y","pubmedId":"35606759","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 counter-regulates thymosin beta-4 expression and primary cilium formation for HeLa cervical cancer cell survival.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-022-24596-6","pubmedId":"36424462","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"The Efficacy and Safety of Abaloparatide-SC in Men With Osteoporosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research","publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1002/jbmr.4719","pubmedId":"36190391","peptide":{"commonName":"Abaloparatide","slug":"abaloparatide"}},{"title":"Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction with elamipretide.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Heart failure reviews","publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa2025797","pubmedId":"35037146","peptide":{"commonName":"Elamipretide","slug":"elamipretide"}},{"title":"Elamipretide for Barth syndrome cardiomyopathy: gradual rebuilding of a failed power grid.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Heart failure reviews","publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1681/ASN.2016070761","pubmedId":"34623544","peptide":{"commonName":"Elamipretide","slug":"elamipretide"}},{"title":"A ROS-Responsive Liposomal Composite Hydrogel Integrating Improved Mitochondrial Function and Pro-Angiogenesis for Efficient Treatment of Myocardial Infarction.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Advanced healthcare materials","publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1002/adhm.202200990","pubmedId":"35848825","peptide":{"commonName":"Elamipretide","slug":"elamipretide"}},{"title":"Quality of life in Barth syndrome.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Therapeutic advances in rare disease","publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1177/26330040221093743","pubmedId":"37180415","peptide":{"commonName":"Elamipretide","slug":"elamipretide"}},{"title":"Pramlintide for post-bariatric hypoglycaemia.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1111/dom.14665","pubmedId":"35137513","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Thymosin α-1 Reverses M2 Polarization of Tumor-Associated Macrophages during Efferocytosis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-21-4260","pubmedId":"35364609","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin alpha-1","slug":"thymosin-alpha-1"}},{"title":"The Role of Tβ4-POP-Ac-SDKP Axis in Organ Fibrosis.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.3390/ijms232113282","pubmedId":"36362069","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Novel therapeutic avenues for kisspeptin.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.coph.2022.102319","pubmedId":"36413854","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Human Chorionic Gonadotropin-A Review of the Literature.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Obstetrical & gynecological survey","publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1097/OGX.0000000000001053","pubmedId":"36136076","peptide":{"commonName":"Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)","slug":"human-chorionic-gonadotropin"}},{"title":"Colivelin, a synthetic derivative of humanin, ameliorates endothelial injury and glycocalyx shedding after sepsis in mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2022.984298","pubmedId":"36119052","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Characterization of American teduglutide consumers from 2015 to 2020: A large database study.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1002/jpen.2221","pubmedId":"34291485","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Invited review: Translating kisspeptin and neurokinin B biology into new therapies for reproductive health.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1111/jne.13201","pubmedId":"36262016","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Effect of Humanin G (HNG) on inflammation in age-related macular degeneration (AMD).","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.18632/aging.204074","pubmedId":"35576057","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Intrathecal Administration of Ziconotide as a Potential Treatment for Chronic Migraines.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.7759/cureus.23714","pubmedId":"35505713","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Humanin-induced autophagy plays important roles in skeletal muscle function and lifespan extension.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130017","pubmedId":"34624450","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Aberrant Expression of Thymosin Beta-4 Correlates With Advanced Disease and BRAF V600E Mutation in Thyroid Cancer.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1369/00221554221138370","pubmedId":"36321670","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis dissected the osteo-immunology microenvironment and revealed key regulators in osteoporosis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"International immunopharmacology","publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109302","pubmedId":"36257255","peptide":{"commonName":"Alpha-defensin 3","slug":"defensin-alpha-3"}},{"title":"Pramlintide: An Amylin Analogue Protects Endothelial Cells against Oxidative Stress through Regulating Oxidative Markers and NF-κb Expression.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_425_20","pubmedId":"35392304","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Cryoprotectant with a mitochondrial derived peptide, humanin, improves post-thaw quality of buffalo spermatozoa.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.54680/fr22110110212","pubmedId":"35315868","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Mitochondria-derived peptides in aging and healthspan.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1172/JCI158449","pubmedId":"35499074","peptide":{"commonName":"MOTS-c","slug":"mots-c"}},{"title":"The Role of Kisspeptin in the Control of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis and Reproduction.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2022.925206","pubmedId":"35837314","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Current Perspectives on Kisspeptins Role in Behaviour.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2022.928143","pubmedId":"35757400","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptins and the neuroendocrine control of reproduction: Recent progress and new frontiers in kisspeptin research","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100977","pubmedId":"34999056","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Effect of Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Daily Liraglutide on Body Weight in Adults With Overweight or Obesity Without Diabetes: The STEP 8 Randomized Clinical Trial","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1001/jama.2021.23619","pubmedId":"35015037","peptide":{"commonName":"Semaglutide","slug":"semaglutide"}},{"title":"Does receptor balance matter? - Comparing the efficacies of the dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonists cagrilintide and KBP-336 on metabolic parameters in preclinical models.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113842","pubmedId":"36242844","peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"Prespecified and Integrated Subgroup Analyses from the RECONNECT Phase 3 Studies of Bremelanotide.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1089/jwh.2021.0225","pubmedId":"35230162","peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Hexarelin attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm formation by inhibiting SMC phenotype switch and inflammasome activation.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Microvascular research","publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104280","pubmedId":"34856183","peptide":{"commonName":"Hexarelin","slug":"hexarelin"}},{"title":"Human Cathelicidin Peptide LL-37 Induces Cell Death in Autophagy-Dysfunctional Endothelial Cells.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)","publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.4049/jimmunol.2100050","pubmedId":"35387840","peptide":{"commonName":"LL-37","slug":"ll-37"}},{"title":"Cost-Effectiveness of Linaclotide Compared to Osmotic Laxatives in the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Constipation in China.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1007/s12325-022-02161-x","pubmedId":"35488140","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Efficacy of Teduglutide for Parenteral Support Reduction in Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.3390/nu14040796","pubmedId":"35215445","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Engineered Exosomes Containing Cathelicidin/LL-37 Exhibit Multiple Biological Functions.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Advanced healthcare materials","publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1002/adhm.202200849","pubmedId":"35930707","peptide":{"commonName":"LL-37","slug":"ll-37"}},{"title":"Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Striated, Smooth, and Heart Muscle.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.3390/biomedicines10123221","pubmedId":"36551977","peptide":{"commonName":"BPC-157","slug":"bpc-157"}},{"title":"Structural basis of FPR2 in recognition of Aβ<sub>42</sub> and neuroprotection by humanin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-022-29361-x","pubmedId":"35365641","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Impact of Octreotide on Early Complications After Liver Transplant: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Experimental and clinical transplantation : official journal of the Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation","publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.6002/ect.2022.0080","pubmedId":"35867022","peptide":{"commonName":"Octreotide","slug":"octreotide"}},{"title":"Humanin derivative, HNG, enhances neurotransmitter release.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130204","pubmedId":"35843407","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Systems spatiotemporal dynamics of traumatic brain injury at single-cell resolution reveals humanin as a therapeutic target.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1007/s00018-022-04495-9","pubmedId":"35951114","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Safety and efficacy of a GLP-1 and glucagon receptor dual agonist mazdutide (IBI362) 9 mg and 10 mg in Chinese adults with overweight or obesity: A randomised, placebo-controlled, multiple-ascending-dose phase 1b trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101691","pubmedId":"36247927","peptide":{"commonName":"Mazdutide","slug":"mazdutide"}},{"title":"Socs3 ablation in kisspeptin cells partially prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced body weight loss.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155999","pubmedId":"35985175","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Teduglutide in pediatric intestinal failure: A position statement of the Italian society of pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition (SIGENP).","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.dld.2022.04.028","pubmedId":"35654733","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Tirzepatide, a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor co-agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes with unmatched effectiveness regrading glycaemic control and body weight reduction.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1186/s12933-022-01604-7","pubmedId":"36050763","peptide":{"commonName":"Tirzepatide","slug":"tirzepatide"}},{"title":"Tirzepatide: A Systematic Update.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.3390/ijms232314631","pubmedId":"36498958","peptide":{"commonName":"Tirzepatide","slug":"tirzepatide"}},{"title":"Effect of Subcutaneous Tirzepatide vs Placebo Added to Titrated Insulin Glargine on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The SURPASS-5 Randomized Clinical Trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1001/jama.2022.0078","pubmedId":"35133415","peptide":{"commonName":"Tirzepatide","slug":"tirzepatide"}},{"title":"Tirzepatide cardiovascular event risk assessment: a pre-specified meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1038/s41591-022-01707-4","pubmedId":"35210595","peptide":{"commonName":"Tirzepatide","slug":"tirzepatide"}},{"title":"Acute Effects of Kisspeptin Administration on Bone Metabolism in Healthy Men.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1210/clinem/dgac117","pubmedId":"35244717","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The neurobiology of bremelanotide for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1017/s109285292100002x","pubmedId":"33455598","peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ attenuates cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary emphysema and inflammation by reducing oxidative stress pathway.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.3389/fmolb.2022.925700","pubmedId":"35936787","peptide":{"commonName":"GHK-Cu","slug":"ghk-cu"}},{"title":"The Variable Response to Teduglutide in Pediatric Short Bowel Syndrome: A Single Country Real-Life Experience.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1097/mpg.0000000000003541","pubmedId":"35730756","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adolescents with Obesity","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa2208601","pubmedId":"36322838","peptide":{"commonName":"Semaglutide","slug":"semaglutide"}},{"title":"Use of Teduglutide in Children With Intestinal Failure: A Systematic Review.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.3389/fnut.2022.866518","pubmedId":"35774551","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Weight regain and cardiometabolic effects after withdrawal of semaglutide: The STEP 1 trial extension.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1111/dom.14725","pubmedId":"35441470","peptide":{"commonName":"Semaglutide","slug":"semaglutide"}},{"title":"Revolutionalizing the age old conventional treatment of psoriasis: An animal based comparative study between methylprednisolone and different doses of a novel anti-oxidant humanin analogue (HNG).","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108990","pubmedId":"35978518","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Peptides Regulating Proliferative Activity and Inflammatory Pathways in the Monocyte/Macrophage THP-1 Cell Line.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.3390/ijms23073607","pubmedId":"35408963","peptide":{"commonName":"Epitalon","slug":"epitalon"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin in the Prediction of Pregnancy Complications.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2022.942664","pubmedId":"35928889","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c relieves hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in gestational diabetes mellitus.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105987","pubmedId":"34798268","peptide":{"commonName":"MOTS-c","slug":"mots-c"}},{"title":"Humanin Ameliorates Late-onset Hypogonadism in Aged Male Rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.2174/1874467215666220127115602","pubmedId":"35086467","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Epitalon protects against post-ovulatory aging-related damage of mouse oocytes in vitro.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.18632/aging.204007","pubmedId":"35413689","peptide":{"commonName":"Epitalon","slug":"epitalon"}},{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide for Weight Loss in Obesity Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.15605/jafes.037.02.14","pubmedId":"36578889","peptide":{"commonName":"Semaglutide","slug":"semaglutide"}},{"title":"Effects of linaclotide in the treatment of chronic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: a meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1055/a-1491-1784","pubmedId":"34215016","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Bivalirudin plus a high-dose infusion versus heparin monotherapy in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: a randomised trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Lancet (London, England)","publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01999-7","pubmedId":"36351459","peptide":{"commonName":"Bivalirudin","slug":"bivalirudin"}},{"title":"Linaclotide utilization and potential for off-label use and misuse in three European countries.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1177/17562848221100946","pubmedId":"35706826","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Linaclotide for treating patients with irritable bowel syndrome with predominant constipation: a multicentre study of real-world data in China.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1177/17562848221092596","pubmedId":"35509427","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Teriparatide treatment in severe osteoporosis - a controlled 10-year follow-up study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"BMC musculoskeletal disorders","publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1186/s12891-022-05987-2","pubmedId":"36424580","peptide":{"commonName":"Teriparatide","slug":"teriparatide"}},{"title":"Hernia enlargement and pancreatitis in a patient with short bowel syndrome treated with teduglutide.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.20960/nh.03879","pubmedId":"34903028","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Early detection of cannabinoids in biological samples based on their affinity interaction with the growth hormone secretagogue receptor.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122905","pubmedId":"34736642","peptide":{"commonName":"CJC-1295","slug":"cjc-1295"}},{"title":"Method for identification and quantification of intact teduglutide peptide using (RP)UHPLC-UV-(HESI/ORBITRAP)MS.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1039/d2ay01254e","pubmedId":"36263764","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Teduglutide for the treatment of low-output enterocutaneous fistula - A pilot randomized controlled study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.04.031","pubmedId":"35871951","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Teduglutide in short bowel syndrome patients: A way back to normal life?","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1002/jpen.2272","pubmedId":"34614239","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Stress, kisspeptin, and functional hypothalamic amenorrhea.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.coph.2022.102288","pubmedId":"36103784","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Recombinant Human Thymosin β4 (rhTβ4) Modulates the Anti-Inflammatory Responses to Alleviate Benzalkonium Chloride (BAC)-Induced Dry Eye Disease.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.3390/ijms23105458","pubmedId":"35628276","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Humanin and Alzheimer's disease: The beginning of a new field.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130024","pubmedId":"34626746","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Human Growth Hormone Fragment 176-191 Peptide Enhances the Toxicity of Doxorubicin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.2147/DDDT.S367586","pubmedId":"35783198","peptide":{"commonName":"AOD-9604","slug":"aod-9604"}},{"title":"Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa2206038","pubmedId":"35658024","peptide":{"commonName":"Tirzepatide","slug":"tirzepatide"}},{"title":"Association between overweight and growth hormone secretion in patients with non-functioning pituitary tumors.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"PloS one","publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1210/jcem.77.3.8103770","pubmedId":"35452483","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-2","slug":"ghrp-2"}},{"title":"Morphometric and Myelin Basic Protein Expression Changes in Arcuate Nucleus Kisspeptin Neurons Underlie Activation of Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonadal-axis in Monkeys (<i>Macaca Mulatta</i>) during the Breeding Season.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2022,"doi":"10.1080/07435800.2022.2102649","pubmedId":"35866239","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Protective Mechanism of Humanin Against Oxidative Stress in Aging-Related Cardiovascular Diseases.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2021.683151","pubmedId":"34177809","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Thymosin beta-4 prenatal administration improves fetal development and halts side effects due to preterm delivery.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.26355/eurrev_202101_24411","pubmedId":"33506933","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Effect of Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Placebo as an Adjunct to Intensive Behavioral Therapy on Body Weight in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: The STEP 3 Randomized Clinical Trial","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1001/jama.2021.1831","pubmedId":"33625476","peptide":{"commonName":"Semaglutide","slug":"semaglutide"}},{"title":"Effect of Continued Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Placebo on Weight Loss Maintenance in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: The STEP 4 Randomized Clinical Trial","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1001/jama.2021.3224","pubmedId":"33755728","peptide":{"commonName":"Semaglutide","slug":"semaglutide"}},{"title":"Bremelanotide and flibanserin for low sexual desire in women: the fallacy of regulatory precedent.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1136/dtb.2021.000020","pubmedId":"34642243","peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide 2.0 mg versus 1.0 mg in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN FORTE): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3B trial","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00174-1","pubmedId":"34293304","peptide":{"commonName":"Semaglutide","slug":"semaglutide"}},{"title":"Long-term Effects of Teduglutide on Intestinal Mucosa in a Patient With Crohn's Disease and Short Bowel Syndrome: Clinical, Endoscopic and Histological Data Compared.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1093/ibd/izab171","pubmedId":"34255043","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide in patients with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-1)","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01324-6","pubmedId":"34186022","peptide":{"commonName":"Tirzepatide","slug":"tirzepatide"}},{"title":"Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa2107519","pubmedId":"34170647","peptide":{"commonName":"Tirzepatide","slug":"tirzepatide"}},{"title":"Tirzepatide versus insulin glargine in type 2 diabetes and increased cardiovascular risk (SURPASS-4)","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02188-7","pubmedId":"34672967","peptide":{"commonName":"Tirzepatide","slug":"tirzepatide"}},{"title":"Development of Cagrilintide, a Long-Acting Amylin Analogue.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00565","pubmedId":"34288673","peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"Human gastrointestinal epithelia of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum resolved at single-cell resolution.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Cell reports","publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108819","pubmedId":"33691112","peptide":{"commonName":"Uroguanylin","slug":"uroguanylin"}},{"title":"The Influence of Selank on the Level of Cytokines Under the Conditions of \"Social\" Stress.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Current reviews in clinical and experimental pharmacology","publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.2174/1574884715666200704152810","pubmedId":"32621722","peptide":{"commonName":"Semax","slug":"semax"}},{"title":"Abaloparatide: A review of preclinical and clinical studies.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"European journal of pharmacology","publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174409","pubmedId":"34364879","peptide":{"commonName":"Abaloparatide","slug":"abaloparatide"}},{"title":"The Influence of Selank on the Level of Cytokines Under the Conditions of \"Social\" Stress.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Current reviews in clinical and experimental pharmacology","publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.2174/1574884715666200704152810","pubmedId":"32621722","peptide":{"commonName":"Selank","slug":"selank"}},{"title":"Afamelanotide: An Orphan Drug with Potential for Broad Dermatologic Applications.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.36849/jdd.5526","pubmedId":"33683075","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"De Novo Development of Distal Jejunal and Duodenal Adenomas After 41 Months of Teduglutide Treatment in a Patient With Short-Bowel Syndrome: A Case Report.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1002/jpen.1982","pubmedId":"32740933","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Structure of human Ca<sub>v</sub>2.2 channel blocked by the painkiller ziconotide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1038/s41586-021-03699-6","pubmedId":"34234349","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Recombinant Human Thymosin Beta-4 Protects against Mouse Coronavirus Infection.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1155/2021/9979032","pubmedId":"33967626","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Intra-Articular Injection of BPC 157 for Multiple Types of Knee Pain.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"34324435","peptide":{"commonName":"BPC-157","slug":"bpc-157"}},{"title":"Recombinant human thymosin beta-4 (rhTβ4) improved scalp condition and microbiome homeostasis in seborrheic dermatitis.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1111/1751-7915.13897","pubmedId":"34318587","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Long-Term Outcomes With Teduglutide From a Single Center.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1002/jpen.1838","pubmedId":"32391948","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Stability Study of Admixtures Combining Ziconotide With Morphine or Sufentanil in Polypropylene Syringes.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1111/ner.13289","pubmedId":"33095956","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Cost-effectiveness of teduglutide in pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome: Markov modeling using traditional cost-effectiveness criteria.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1093/ajcn/nqaa278","pubmedId":"33021637","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Safety Findings in Pediatric Patients During Long-Term Treatment With Teduglutide for Short-Bowel Syndrome-Associated Intestinal Failure: Pooled Analysis of 4 Clinical Studies.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1002/jpen.2061","pubmedId":"33305440","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Wound Healing.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.3389/fphar.2021.627533","pubmedId":"34267654","peptide":{"commonName":"BPC-157","slug":"bpc-157"}},{"title":"Intrathecal pain management with ziconotide: Time for consensus?","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1002/brb3.2055","pubmedId":"33690987","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Population pharmacokinetics and exposure-response analyses of teduglutide in adult and pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1111/cts.13117","pubmedId":"34402197","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Adjunctive Thymosin Beta-4 Treatment Influences MΦ Effector Cell Function to Improve Disease Outcome in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>-Induced Keratitis.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.3390/ijms222011016","pubmedId":"34681676","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Designing Novel Teduglutide Analogues with Improved Binding Affinity: An In Silico Peptide Engineering Approach.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.2174/1573409916666200217091456","pubmedId":"32065094","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Adjunctive Thymosin Beta-4 Treatment Influences PMN Effector Cell Function during <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>-Induced Corneal Infection.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.3390/cells10123579","pubmedId":"34944086","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Effect of First-Line Ziconotide Intrathecal Drug Therapy for Neuropathic Pain on Disability, Emotional Well-Being, and Pain Catastrophizing.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1016/j.wneu.2020.10.079","pubmedId":"33096281","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Humanin regulates oxidative stress in the ovaries of polycystic ovary syndrome patients via the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1093/molehr/gaaa081","pubmedId":"33337472","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Teduglutide for pediatric short bowel syndrome patients.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1080/17474124.2021.1913052","pubmedId":"33798402","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Humanin Alleviates Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Human and Rat Model-Based Study.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqab056","pubmedId":"33693742","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Self-Cross-Linked Hydrogel of Cysteamine-Grafted γ-Polyglutamic Acid Stabilized Tripeptide KPV for Alleviating TNBS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00792","pubmedId":"34547895","peptide":{"commonName":"KPV","slug":"kpv"}},{"title":"Cardiovascular Safety of Degarelix Versus Leuprolide in Patients With Prostate Cancer: The Primary Results of the PRONOUNCE Randomized Trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Circulation","publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1161/circulationaha.121.056810","pubmedId":"34459214","peptide":{"commonName":"Leuprolide","slug":"leuprolide"}},{"title":"Short-Term Outcomes of a High-Volume, Low-Concentration Bolus Starting Dose Technique With Ziconotide: A Case Series.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1111/ner.13475","pubmedId":"34252245","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Randomized Trial of 2 Delayed-Release Formulations of Linaclotide in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.14309/ajg.0000000000000967","pubmedId":"33065589","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Improving the Gastrointestinal Stability of Linaclotide.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00380","pubmedId":"33979161","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Imaging as predictor of clinical response to teduglutide in adult patients with short bowel syndrome with chronic intestinal failure.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1093/ajcn/nqaa412","pubmedId":"33675349","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Utilizing Developmentally Essential Secreted Peptides Such as Thymosin Beta-4 to Remind the Adult Organs of Their Embryonic State-New Directions in Anti-Aging Regenerative Therapies.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.3390/cells10061343","pubmedId":"34071596","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Polyethylene glycol combined with linaclotide is an effective and well-tolerated bowel preparation regimen for colonoscopy: an endoscopist-blinded, randomized, controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1097/meg.0000000000002184","pubmedId":"34034273","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Mitochondrial-derived peptides and exercise.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130011","pubmedId":"34520826","peptide":{"commonName":"MOTS-c","slug":"mots-c"}},{"title":"Clinical and dermoscopic changes of acquired melanocytic nevi of patients treated with afamelanotide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1007/s43630-021-00020-2","pubmedId":"33721252","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"[Gly14]-Humanin Ameliorates High Glucose-Induced Apoptosis by Inhibiting the Expression of MicroRNA-155 in Endothelial Microparticles.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.2147/dmso.s306026","pubmedId":"34079312","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Predictors and timing of response to teduglutide in patients with short bowel syndrome dependent on parenteral support.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.03.011","pubmedId":"34024550","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Cagrilintide plus semaglutide for obesity management.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00944-2","pubmedId":"33894837","peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"Re-Analyzing Phase III Bremelanotide Trials for \"Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder\" in Women.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1080/00224499.2021.1885601","pubmedId":"33678061","peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Using Synchrotron Radiation Imaging Techniques to Elucidate the Actions of Hexarelin in the Heart of Small Animal Models.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Frontiers in physiology","publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1007/s00424-004-1243-z","pubmedId":"35126171","peptide":{"commonName":"Hexarelin","slug":"hexarelin"}},{"title":"The Patient Experience of Premenopausal Women Treated with Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: RECONNECT Exit Study Results.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1089/jwh.2020.8460","pubmedId":"33538638","peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"[What became of Prialt®? : Observational study on the use of ziconotide in the treatment of chronic pain].","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1007/s00482-021-00531-y","pubmedId":"33507370","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Effects of Cotadutide on Metabolic and Hepatic Parameters in Adults With Overweight or Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: A 54-Week Randomized Phase 2b Study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Diabetes care","publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.2337/dc20-2151","pubmedId":"34016612","peptide":{"commonName":"Cotadutide","slug":"cotadutide"}},{"title":"[Efficacy and Safety of Linaclotide in Elderly Patients].","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1248/yakushi.20-00176","pubmedId":"33518646","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Humanin: A mitochondrial-derived peptide in the treatment of apoptosis-related diseases.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118679","pubmedId":"33130077","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Failure of a Meta-analysis: A Commentary on Glen Spielmans's \"Re-Analyzing Phase III Bremelanotide Trials for 'Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in Women'\".","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1080/00224499.2021.1902926","pubmedId":"33835907","peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"LC-HRMS characterization of the skin pigmentation and sexual enhancers melanotan II and bremelanotide sold on the black market of performance and image enhancing drugs.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1002/dta.2986","pubmedId":"33245851","peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Humanin protects cortical neurons from calyculin A-induced neurotoxicities by increasing PP2A activity and SOD.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1080/00207454.2020.1769617","pubmedId":"32408779","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Efficacy of Linaclotide in Reducing Abdominal Symptoms of Bloating, Discomfort, and Pain: A Phase 3B Trial Using a Novel Abdominal Scoring System.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.14309/ajg.0000000000001334","pubmedId":"34465695","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"The Use of Linaclotide in Children with Functional Constipation or Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Retrospective Chart Review.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1007/s40272-021-00444-4","pubmedId":"33876403","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Linaclotide for the treatment of refractory lower bowel manifestations of systemic sclerosis.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1186/s12876-021-01738-0","pubmedId":"33858329","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Humanin: A Potential Treatment for PCOS?","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqab085","pubmedId":"33899108","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Alleviating carbohydrate counting with a FiASP-plus-pramlintide closed-loop delivery system (artificial pancreas): Feasibility and pilot studies.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1111/dom.14447","pubmedId":"34047449","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"[The Peptide Drug ACTH(4-7)PGP (Semax) Suppresses mRNA Transcripts Encoding Proinflammatory Mediators Induced by Reversible Ischemia of the Rat Brain].","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Molekuliarnaia biologiia","publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.31857/S0026898421010043","pubmedId":"34097675","peptide":{"commonName":"Semax","slug":"semax"}},{"title":"ADO09, a co-formulation of the amylin analogue pramlintide and the insulin analogue A21G, lowers postprandial blood glucose versus insulin lispro in type 1 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1111/dom.14302","pubmedId":"33336850","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Brain Protein Expression Profile Confirms the Protective Effect of the ACTH(4-7)PGP Peptide (Semax) in a Rat Model of Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"International journal of molecular sciences","publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.32388/uq8dyz","pubmedId":"34201112","peptide":{"commonName":"Semax","slug":"semax"}},{"title":"Semax, synthetic ACTH(4-10) analogue, attenuates behavioural and neurochemical alterations following early-life fluvoxamine exposure in white rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Neuropeptides","publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2020.102114","pubmedId":"33418449","peptide":{"commonName":"Semax","slug":"semax"}},{"title":"S14G-humanin (HNG) protects retinal endothelial cells from UV-B-induced NLRP3 inflammation activation through inhibiting Egr-1.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1007/s00011-021-01489-4","pubmedId":"34459932","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Growth hormone secretagogue peptide-6 enhances oreochromicins transcription and antimicrobial activity in tilapia (Oreochromis sp.).","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Fish & shellfish immunology","publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2021.08.011","pubmedId":"34592474","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-6","slug":"ghrp-6"}},{"title":"Mitochondrial humanin peptide acts as a cytoprotective factor in granulosa cell survival.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1530/rep-20-0197","pubmedId":"33764899","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Multicenter, Observational Study of Lanreotide Autogel for the Treatment of Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors in Routine Clinical Practice in Germany and Austria.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association","publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1055/a-1342-2755","pubmedId":"34293802","peptide":{"commonName":"Lanreotide","slug":"lanreotide"}},{"title":"In vivo CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screening using quantitative PCR identifies thymosin beta-4 X-linked that promotes diffuse-type gastric cancer metastasis.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1002/mc.23326","pubmedId":"34081824","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Circular RNA PIP5K1A (circPIP5K1A) accelerates endometriosis progression by regulating the miR-153-3p/Thymosin Beta-4 X-Linked (TMSB4X) pathway.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1080/21655979.2021.1978618","pubmedId":"34546850","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Once-weekly cagrilintide for weight management in people with overweight and obesity: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled and active-controlled, dose-finding phase 2 trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01751-7","pubmedId":"34798060","peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa2032183","pubmedId":"33567185","peptide":{"commonName":"Semaglutide","slug":"semaglutide"}},{"title":"Potential Therapeutic Candidates for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD).","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Cells","publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1167/iovs.11-7524","pubmedId":"34572131","peptide":{"commonName":"Elamipretide","slug":"elamipretide"}},{"title":"Intramuscular oxytocin versus Syntometrine® versus carbetocin for prevention of primary postpartum haemorrhage after vaginal birth: a randomised double-blinded clinical trial of effectiveness, side effects and quality of life.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology","publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1111/1471-0528.16622","pubmedId":"33300296","peptide":{"commonName":"Carbetocin","slug":"carbetocin"}},{"title":"Ultra-Fast Insulin-Pramlintide Co-Formulation for Improved Glucose Management in Diabetic Rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1002/advs.202101575","pubmedId":"34499434","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"The Effect of Carbetocin Dose on Transmural Dispersion of Myocardial Repolarization in Healthy Parturients Scheduled for Elective Cesarean Delivery Under Spinal Anesthesia: A Prospective, Randomized Clinical Trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Anesthesia and analgesia","publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1213/ane.0000000000004712","pubmedId":"32149759","peptide":{"commonName":"Carbetocin","slug":"carbetocin"}},{"title":"The protective effects of S14G-humanin (HNG) against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced cardiac dysfunction.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1080/21655979.2021.1964894","pubmedId":"34506248","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Advances in the detection of growth hormone releasing hormone synthetic analogs.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1002/dta.3183","pubmedId":"34665524","peptide":{"commonName":"CJC-1295","slug":"cjc-1295"}},{"title":"Side-effects of carbetocin to prevent postpartum hemorrhage: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"Pharmacology research & perspectives","publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1002/prp2.745","pubmedId":"33723868","peptide":{"commonName":"Carbetocin","slug":"carbetocin"}},{"title":"Safety Evaluation of KP-10 (Metastin 45-54) Following once Daily Intravenous Administration for 14 Days in Dog.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"International journal of toxicology","publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1177/10915818211023459","pubmedId":"34126799","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-10","slug":"kisspeptin-10"}},{"title":"The protective effects of S14G-humanin (HNG) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced inflammatory response in human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) mediated by the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1080/21655979.2021.1979914","pubmedId":"34605740","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Efficacy of carbetocin in the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage: a systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis of randomized trials.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians","publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1080/14767058.2019.1664463","pubmedId":"31537134","peptide":{"commonName":"Carbetocin","slug":"carbetocin"}},{"title":"Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced tumor growth is regulated by primary cilium formation via the axis of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production-thymosin beta-4 gene expression.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.7150/ijms.53595","pubmedId":"33526986","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Amylin Analog Pramlintide Induces Migraine-like Attacks in Patients.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1002/ana.26072","pubmedId":"33772845","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Expression, purification and molecular dynamics simulation of extracellular domain of glucagon-like peptide-2 receptor linked to teduglutide.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.141","pubmedId":"34174312","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Effects of pramlintide on energy intake and food preference in rats given a choice diet.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113541","pubmedId":"34332974","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Mutual Interactions Between GnRH and Kisspeptin in GnRH- and Kiss-1-Expressing Immortalized Hypothalamic Cell Models.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)","publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1007/s43032-021-00695-z","pubmedId":"34268716","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-10","slug":"kisspeptin-10"}},{"title":"Ghrelin receptor agonist hexarelin attenuates antinociceptive tolerance to morphine in rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology","publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1139/cjpp-2020-0218","pubmedId":"32893668","peptide":{"commonName":"Hexarelin","slug":"hexarelin"}},{"title":"Hexarelin modulates lung mechanics, inflammation, and fibrosis in acute lung injury.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Drug target insights","publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1164/rccm.201306-1141WS","pubmedId":"34871336","peptide":{"commonName":"Hexarelin","slug":"hexarelin"}},{"title":"Oral octreotide capsules for the treatment of acromegaly: comparison of 2 phase 3 trial results.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Pituitary","publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1007/s11102-021-01163-2","pubmedId":"34173129","peptide":{"commonName":"Octreotide","slug":"octreotide"}},{"title":"Hexarelin Modulation of MAPK and PI3K/Akt Pathways in Neuro-2A Cells Inhibits Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Apoptotic Toxicity.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)","publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1016/j.pneurobio.2005.02.004","pubmedId":"34066741","peptide":{"commonName":"Hexarelin","slug":"hexarelin"}},{"title":"The emerging role of mitochondrial derived peptide humanin in the testis.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130009","pubmedId":"34534645","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Intestinal iatrogenic hyperadaptation in patients with short bowel syndrome and Crohn's disease: Is this an indication for mandatory lifelong injections of teduglutide?","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2021.111396","pubmedId":"34399400","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Oxidative Damage? Not a Problem! The Characterization of Humanin-like Mitochondrial Peptide in Anoxia Tolerant Freshwater Turtles.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1007/s10930-020-09944-7","pubmedId":"33387248","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Association between Thymosin beta-4, acute kidney injury, and mortality in patients with sepsis: An observational cohort study.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108167","pubmedId":"34607232","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Disease-specific plasma levels of mitokines FGF21, GDF15, and Humanin in type II diabetes and Alzheimer's disease in comparison with healthy aging.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1007/s11357-020-00287-w","pubmedId":"33131010","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Cathelicidin LL-37 Ignites Primed NLRP3 Inflammasomes in Rosacea.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Journal of investigative dermatology","publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1016/j.jid.2021.04.024","pubmedId":"34565561","peptide":{"commonName":"LL-37","slug":"ll-37"}},{"title":"Efficacy of Cathelicidin LL-37 in an MRSA Wound Infection Mouse Model.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)","publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1007/s10096-012-1663-1","pubmedId":"34680791","peptide":{"commonName":"LL-37","slug":"ll-37"}},{"title":"Afamelanotide for prevention of phototoxicity in erythropoietic protoporphyria.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1080/17512433.2021.1879638","pubmedId":"33507118","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"Efficacy of Thymosin Alpha 1 in the Treatment of COVID-19: A Multicenter Cohort Study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2021.673693","pubmedId":"34408744","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin alpha-1","slug":"thymosin-alpha-1"}},{"title":"Teduglutide Therapy in 2 Patients With Short-Bowel Syndrome and Familial Adenomatous Polyposis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1002/jpen.2001","pubmedId":"32829492","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of concomitant administration of multiple doses of cagrilintide with semaglutide 2·4 mg for weight management: a randomised, controlled, phase 1b trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00845-x","pubmedId":"33894838","peptide":{"commonName":"Cagrilintide","slug":"cagrilintide"}},{"title":"The IL-27 component EBI-3 and its receptor subunit IL-27Rα are essential for the cytoprotective action of humanin on male germ cells†.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1093/biolre/ioaa225","pubmedId":"33330922","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Semaglutide 2.4 mg once a week in adults with overweight or obesity, and type 2 diabetes (STEP 2): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2021,"doi":"10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00213-0","pubmedId":"33667417","peptide":{"commonName":"Semaglutide","slug":"semaglutide"}},{"title":"Intracerebroventricular administration of N-type calcium channel blocker ziconotide displays anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, and sedative effects in rats: A preclinical and pilot study.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107251","pubmedId":"32593873","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Comprehensive nutritional assessment in short bowel syndrome with chronic renal failure on teduglutide therapy: A case report.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2020.110720","pubmedId":"32088500","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Citrulline correlations in short bowel syndrome-intestinal failure by patient stratification: Analysis of 24 weeks of teduglutide treatment from a randomized controlled study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2019.11.001","pubmedId":"31784300","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Ziconotide-Induced Oro-lingual Dyskinesia: 3 Cases.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.5334/tohm.431","pubmedId":"33101763","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Ziconotide for Management of Cancer Pain Refractory to Pharmacotherapy: An Update.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1093/pm/pnaa251","pubmedId":"32940675","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Effectiveness and Safety of Intrathecal Ziconotide: Final Results of the Patient Registry of Intrathecal Ziconotide Management (PRIZM).","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1093/pm/pnaa115","pubmedId":"32472137","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Study of Physicochemical Stability of Ziconotide in Medication Cassette Reservoir.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1111/ner.13218","pubmedId":"32743885","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Association of Afamelanotide With Improved Outcomes in Patients With Erythropoietic Protoporphyria in Clinical Practice.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.0352","pubmedId":"32186677","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"Rediscovery of the Second β-Cell Hormone: Co-replacement With Pramlintide and Insulin in Type 1 Diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.2337/dci19-0077","pubmedId":"32079687","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"[Medicaments and oral healthcare. Hyperpigmentation of oral soft tissues due to afamelanotide].","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.5177/ntvt.2020.04.19115","pubmedId":"32459219","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"Increased phototoxic burn tolerance time and quality of life in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria treated with afamelanotide - a three years observational study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1186/s13023-020-01505-6","pubmedId":"32811524","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"Afamelanotide implants and narrow-band ultraviolet B phototherapy for the treatment of nonsegmental vitiligo in Asians.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.jaad.2020.01.035","pubmedId":"31987791","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of lanreotide autogel compared with lanreotide 40 mg prolonged release in Chinese patients with active acromegaly: results from a phase 3, prospective, randomized, and open-label study (LANTERN).","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"BMC endocrine disorders","publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1186/s12902-020-0524-7","pubmedId":"32366244","peptide":{"commonName":"Lanreotide","slug":"lanreotide"}},{"title":"Bremelanotide: New Drug Approved for Treating Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1177/1060028019899152","pubmedId":"31893927","peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Ultra-sensitive quantification of the therapeutic cyclic peptide bremelanotide utilizing UHPLC-MS/MS for evaluation of its oral plasma pharmacokinetics.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113276","pubmedId":"32353679","peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"A co-formulation of supramolecularly stabilized insulin and pramlintide enhances mealtime glucagon suppression in diabetic pigs.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1038/s41551-020-0555-4","pubmedId":"32393892","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"A Novel Dual-Hormone Insulin-and-Pramlintide Artificial Pancreas for Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.2337/dc19-1922","pubmedId":"31974099","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of 25 and 50 μg desmopressin orally disintegrating tablets in Japanese patients with nocturia due to nocturnal polyuria: Results from two phase 3 studies of a multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel-group development program.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Lower urinary tract symptoms","publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1111/luts.12276","pubmedId":"31397969","peptide":{"commonName":"Desmopressin","slug":"desmopressin"}},{"title":"Carbetocin compared with oxytocin in non-elective Cesarean delivery: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis of randomized-controlled trials.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie","publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1007/s12630-020-01779-1","pubmedId":"32748189","peptide":{"commonName":"Carbetocin","slug":"carbetocin"}},{"title":"The effect of pramlintide, an antidiabetic amylin analogue, on angiogenesis-related markers <i>in vitro</i>.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.4103/1735-5362.293510","pubmedId":"33312210","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Amylin and pramlintide modulate γ-secretase level and APP processing in lipid rafts.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-020-60664-5","pubmedId":"32111883","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Morphological Changes in the Large Intestine of Rats Subjected to Chronic Restraint Stress and Treated with Selank.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine","publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1007/s10517-020-04868-9","pubmedId":"32651826","peptide":{"commonName":"Selank","slug":"selank"}},{"title":"Effect of Abaloparatide vs Alendronate on Fracture Risk Reduction in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism","publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1210/clinem/dgz162","pubmedId":"31674644","peptide":{"commonName":"Abaloparatide","slug":"abaloparatide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin and GnRH interactions in the reproductive brain of teleosts","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113568","pubmedId":"32710898","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin and Testicular Function—Is It Necessary?","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.3390/ijms21082958","pubmedId":"32331420","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Effects of tesamorelin on hepatic transcriptomic signatures in HIV-associated NAFLD.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1172/jci.insight.140134","pubmedId":"32701508","peptide":{"commonName":"Tesamorelin","slug":"tesamorelin"}},{"title":"Copper-tripeptides (cuzymes) with peroxidase-mimetic activity.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1039/d0ra02472d","pubmedId":"35515638","peptide":{"commonName":"GHK-Cu","slug":"ghk-cu"}},{"title":"The potential of GHK as an anti-aging peptide.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.31491/apt.2020.03.014","pubmedId":"35083444","peptide":{"commonName":"GHK-Cu","slug":"ghk-cu"}},{"title":"The occurrence of putative cognitive enhancing research peptides in seized pharmaceutical preparations: An incentive for controlling agencies to prepare for future encounters of the kind.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Drug testing and analysis","publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1002/dta.2717","pubmedId":"31667971","peptide":{"commonName":"Selank","slug":"selank"}},{"title":"Functional Connectomic Approach to Studying Selank and Semax Effects.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Doklady biological sciences : proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Biological sciences sections","publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1134/S001249662001007X","pubmedId":"32342318","peptide":{"commonName":"Selank","slug":"selank"}},{"title":"Meta-analysis of bivalirudin versus heparin in transradial coronary interventions.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions","publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1002/ccd.28800","pubmedId":"32091668","peptide":{"commonName":"Bivalirudin","slug":"bivalirudin"}},{"title":"Functional Connectomic Approach to Studying Selank and Semax Effects.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Doklady biological sciences : proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Biological sciences sections","publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1134/S001249662001007X","pubmedId":"32342318","peptide":{"commonName":"Semax","slug":"semax"}},{"title":"Sites and sources of sympathoexcitation in obese male rats: role of brain insulin.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology","publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1124/jpet.112.194738","pubmedId":"31967846","peptide":{"commonName":"Melanotan II","slug":"melanotan-ii"}},{"title":"Development of Ligand-Drug Conjugates Targeting Melanoma through the Overexpressed Melanocortin 1 Receptor.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"ACS pharmacology & translational science","publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00488","pubmedId":"33073191","peptide":{"commonName":"Melanotan II","slug":"melanotan-ii"}},{"title":"Melanotan II: a possible cause of renal infarction: review of the literature and case report.","evidenceTier":"case_report","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"CEN case reports","publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1080/01926230601156237","pubmedId":"31953620","peptide":{"commonName":"Melanotan II","slug":"melanotan-ii"}},{"title":"Metallothioneins regulate ATP7A trafficking and control cell viability during copper deficiency and excess.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Scientific reports","publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1073/pnas.1311749110","pubmedId":"32398691","peptide":{"commonName":"Melanotan II","slug":"melanotan-ii"}},{"title":"Mechanisms of protection of retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidant injury by humanin and other mitochondrial-derived peptides: Implications for age-related macular degeneration.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.redox.2020.101663","pubmedId":"32768357","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Cathelicidin LL-37 (an antimicrobial peptide)-induced colistin dependence in Acinetobacter baumannii.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.114965","pubmedId":"32019695","peptide":{"commonName":"LL-37","slug":"ll-37"}},{"title":"Salivary and serum cathelicidin LL-37 levels in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis and chronic periodontitis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"International journal of rheumatic diseases","publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1111/1756-185X.13919","pubmedId":"32743970","peptide":{"commonName":"LL-37","slug":"ll-37"}},{"title":"Human chorionic gonadotropin promotes recruitment of regulatory T cells in endometrium by inducing chemokine CCL2.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of reproductive immunology","publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.jri.2019.102856","pubmedId":"31809964","peptide":{"commonName":"Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)","slug":"human-chorionic-gonadotropin"}},{"title":"Assay Development and Measurement of the Aging Biomarker Humanin.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1007/978-1-0716-0592-9_18","pubmedId":"32410037","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Metabolic regulation of kisspeptin - the link between energy balance and reproduction.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1038/s41574-020-0363-7","pubmedId":"32427949","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Murine maternal dietary restriction affects neural Humanin expression and cellular profile.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1002/jnr.24568","pubmedId":"31840315","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"High-intensity interval exercise increases humanin, a mitochondrial encoded peptide, in the plasma and muscle of men.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00032.2020","pubmedId":"32271093","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Denosumab, raloxifene, romosozumab and teriparatide to prevent osteoporotic fragility fractures: a systematic review and economic evaluation.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"Health technology assessment (Winchester, England)","publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.3310/hta24290","pubmedId":"32588816","peptide":{"commonName":"Teriparatide","slug":"teriparatide"}},{"title":"Functions of galanin, spexin and kisspeptin in metabolism, mood and behaviour","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1038/s41574-020-00438-1","pubmedId":"33273729","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Mitochondrial protein interaction landscape of SS-31.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1101/2020.01.02.893362","pubmedId":"32554501","peptide":{"commonName":"Elamipretide","slug":"elamipretide"}},{"title":"The mitochondrial derived peptide humanin is a regulator of lifespan and healthspan.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.18632/aging.103534","pubmedId":"32575074","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Interaction of amyloid beta with humanin and acetylcholinesterase is modulated by ATP.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1002/2211-5463.13023","pubmedId":"33145964","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"The Mitochondria-Derived Peptide Humanin Improves Recovery from Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Implication of Mitochondria Transfer and Microglia Phenotype Change.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.2212-19.2020","pubmedId":"31980585","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Teriparatide Promotes Bone Healing in Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: A Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology","publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1200/jco.19.02192","pubmedId":"32614699","peptide":{"commonName":"Teriparatide","slug":"teriparatide"}},{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 RNA Dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) - A drug repurposing study.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Heliyon","publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04502","pubmedId":"32754651","peptide":{"commonName":"Hexarelin","slug":"hexarelin"}},{"title":"Transplantation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Obese Diabetic Rats Following Myocardial Infarction: Role of Thymosin Beta-4.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.3390/cells9040949","pubmedId":"32290541","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Cytoprotective role of humanin in lens epithelial cell oxidative stress‑induced injury.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.3892/mmr.2020.11202","pubmedId":"32627019","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Determination of the immunostimulatory drug-glucosoaminyl-muramyl-dipeptide-in human plasma using HPLC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Biomedical chromatography : BMC","publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1002/bmc.4948","pubmedId":"32652605","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-2","slug":"ghrp-2"}},{"title":"Novel humanin analogs confer neuroprotection and myoprotection to neuronal and myoblast cell cultures exposed to ischemia-like and doxorubicin-induced cell death insults.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170399","pubmedId":"32889021","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"[Gly14]-humanin restores cathepsin D function via FPRL1 and promotes autophagic degradation of Ox-LDL in HUVECs.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.numecd.2020.07.022","pubmedId":"32917500","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"The humanin peptide mediates ELP nanoassembly and protects human retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative stress.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2019.102111","pubmedId":"31655204","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Thymosin Alpha 1 Mitigates Cytokine Storm in Blood Cells From Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1093/ofid/ofaa588","pubmedId":"33506065","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin alpha-1","slug":"thymosin-alpha-1"}},{"title":"Humanin: A mitochondria-derived peptide with emerging properties.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.ancard.2020.07.015","pubmedId":"32800320","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanin Blocks the Aggregation of Amyloid-β Induced by Acetylcholinesterase, an Effect Abolished in the Presence of IGFBP-3.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00274","pubmedId":"32383868","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Novel Insights into the Protective Properties of ACTH(4-7)PGP (Semax) Peptide at the Transcriptome Level Following Cerebral Ischaemia-Reperfusion in Rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Genes","publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf8732","pubmedId":"32580520","peptide":{"commonName":"Semax","slug":"semax"}},{"title":"Correction of Lipid Metabolism Disorders in Diabetes Mellitus with Peptide Drugs.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine","publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1007/s10517-020-04764-2","pubmedId":"32246363","peptide":{"commonName":"Semax","slug":"semax"}},{"title":"Humanin analogue, HNG, inhibits platelet activation and thrombus formation by stabilizing platelet microtubules.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1111/jcmm.15151","pubmedId":"32174022","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanin selectively prevents the activation of pro-apoptotic protein BID by sequestering it into fibers.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1074/jbc.ra120.013023","pubmedId":"33106313","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanin Promotes Tumor Progression in Experimental Triple Negative Breast Cancer.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-020-65381-7","pubmedId":"32444831","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanin attenuates palmitate-induced hepatic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance via AMPK-mediated suppression of the mTOR pathway.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.128","pubmedId":"32245619","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Tadalafil versus linaclotide in gastrointestinal dysfunction and depressive behavior in constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117960","pubmedId":"32534033","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Short Peptides Protect Oral Stem Cells from Ageing.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1007/s12015-019-09921-3","pubmedId":"31677028","peptide":{"commonName":"Epitalon","slug":"epitalon"}},{"title":"AEDG Peptide (Epitalon) Stimulates Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis during Neurogenesis: Possible Epigenetic Mechanism.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.3390/molecules25030609","pubmedId":"32019204","peptide":{"commonName":"Epitalon","slug":"epitalon"}},{"title":"Role of humanin, a mitochondrial-derived peptide, in cardiovascular disorders.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.acvd.2020.03.020","pubmedId":"32680738","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of linaclotide for opioid-induced constipation in patients with chronic noncancer pain syndromes from a phase 2 randomized study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001754","pubmedId":"32310620","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Randomised clinical trial: linaclotide vs placebo-a study of bi-directional gut and brain axis.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1111/apt.15772","pubmedId":"32406112","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"HNG, A Humanin Analogue, Promotes Hair Growth by Inhibiting Anagen-to-Catagen Transition.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.3390/ijms21124553","pubmedId":"32604799","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"The guanylate cyclase C agonist linaclotide ameliorates the gut-cardio-renal axis in an adenine-induced mouse model of chronic kidney disease.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1093/ndt/gfz126","pubmedId":"31411705","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Standard Versus Cyclic Teriparatide and Denosumab Treatment for Osteoporosis: A Randomized Trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research","publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1002/jbmr.3850","pubmedId":"31419313","peptide":{"commonName":"Teriparatide","slug":"teriparatide"}},{"title":"Mitochondrial-derived peptides in energy metabolism.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00249.2020","pubmedId":"32776825","peptide":{"commonName":"MOTS-c","slug":"mots-c"}},{"title":"GLP-2 analog Teduglutide in active Crohn's disease and short bowel syndrome: Confirmation of anti-inflammatory role and future perspectives.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.dld.2020.03.019","pubmedId":"32340888","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Teduglutide for the treatment of adults with intestinal failure associated with short bowel syndrome: pooled safety data from four clinical trials.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1177/1756284820905766","pubmedId":"32341691","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Humanin Ameliorates Free Fatty Acid-Induced Endothelial Inflammation by Suppressing the NLRP3 Inflammasome.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1021/acsomega.0c01778","pubmedId":"32923762","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanin prevents undesired apoptosis of chondrocytes without interfering with the anti-inflammatory effect of dexamethasone in collagen-induced arthritis.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"31172921","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Impact of Teduglutide on Quality of Life Among Patients With Short Bowel Syndrome and Intestinal Failure.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1002/jpen.1588","pubmedId":"31006876","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Beyond the androgen receptor: the role of growth hormone secretagogues in the modern management of body composition in hypogonadal males.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.21037/tau.2019.11.30","pubmedId":"32257855","peptide":{"commonName":"Ipamorelin","slug":"ipamorelin"}},{"title":"Attenuation of Visceral and Somatic Nociception by Ghrelin Mimetics.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.2147/JEP.S249747","pubmedId":"32801950","peptide":{"commonName":"Ipamorelin","slug":"ipamorelin"}},{"title":"BPC 157 Rescued NSAID-cytotoxicity Via Stabilizing Intestinal Permeability and Enhancing Cytoprotection.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.2174/1381612826666200523180301","pubmedId":"32445447","peptide":{"commonName":"BPC-157","slug":"bpc-157"}},{"title":"Fistulas Healing. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Therapy.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.2174/1381612826666200424180139","pubmedId":"32329684","peptide":{"commonName":"BPC-157","slug":"bpc-157"}},{"title":"Experience With Teduglutide in Pediatric Short Bowel Syndrome: First Real-life Data.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1097/mpg.0000000000002899","pubmedId":"32804906","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Oral Relugolix for Androgen-Deprivation Therapy in Advanced Prostate Cancer.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The New England journal of medicine","publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa2004325","pubmedId":"32469183","peptide":{"commonName":"Leuprolide","slug":"leuprolide"}},{"title":"[Is there life after teduglutide?]","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.20960/nh.03052","pubmedId":"32406744","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Electrospun thymosin Beta-4 loaded PLGA/PLA nanofiber/ microfiber hybrid yarns for tendon tissue engineering application.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.msec.2019.110268","pubmedId":"31753373","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Six-month outcomes of teduglutide treatment in adult patients with short bowel syndrome with chronic intestinal failure: A real-world French observational cohort study.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2019.12.019","pubmedId":"31932048","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Cost-effectiveness of teduglutide in adult patients with short bowel syndrome: Markov modeling using traditional cost-effectiveness criteria.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1093/ajcn/nqz269","pubmedId":"31665212","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Safety and Efficacy of Teduglutide in Pediatric Patients With Intestinal Failure due to Short Bowel Syndrome: A 24-Week, Phase III Study.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1002/jpen.1690","pubmedId":"31495952","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Teduglutide Promotes Epithelial Tight Junction Pore Function in Murine Short Bowel Syndrome to Alleviate Intestinal Insufficiency.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1007/s10620-020-06140-6","pubmedId":"32072437","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Thymosin beta 4 attenuates PrP(106-126)-induced human brain endothelial cells dysfunction.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172891","pubmedId":"31877278","peptide":{"commonName":"TB-500","slug":"tb-500"}},{"title":"The Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 Analog Teduglutide Reversibly Associates to Form Pentamers.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.xphs.2019.06.028","pubmedId":"31306652","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Comparison of magnetic bead surface functionalities for the immunopurification of growth hormone-releasing hormones prior to liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461548","pubmedId":"32971474","peptide":{"commonName":"CJC-1295","slug":"cjc-1295"}},{"title":"Thymosin alpha 1: A comprehensive review of the literature.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.5501/wjv.v9.i5.67","pubmedId":"33362999","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin alpha-1","slug":"thymosin-alpha-1"}},{"title":"Antimicrobial Effects of Thymosin Beta-4 and Ciprofloxacin Adjunctive Therapy in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Induced Keratitis.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.3390/ijms21186840","pubmedId":"32961846","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Translation of Evidence Into Practice With Teduglutide in the Management of Adults With Intestinal Failure due to Short-Bowel Syndrome: A Review of Recent Literature.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1002/jpen.1757","pubmedId":"31802516","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Enteral Autonomy and Days Off Parenteral Support With Teduglutide Treatment for Short Bowel Syndrome in the STEPS Trials.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1002/jpen.1687","pubmedId":"31423614","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Small-Bowel Adaptation: A Case of Morphological Changes Induced by Teduglutide in Short-Bowel Syndrome With Intestinal Failure.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1002/jpen.1805","pubmedId":"32187383","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Colon polyps in patients with short bowel syndrome before and after teduglutide: Post hoc analysis of the STEPS study series.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2019.08.020","pubmedId":"31522784","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Antidepressant-like and memory-enhancing effects of the N-type calcium channel blocker ziconotide in rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112647","pubmedId":"32428635","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Reproductive functions of Kisspeptin/KISS1R Systems in the Periphery","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1186/s12958-019-0511-x","pubmedId":"31399145","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Responder Analyses from a Phase 2b Dose-Ranging Study of Bremelanotide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.05.012","pubmedId":"31277966","peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Single-Dose Linaclotide Is Equal in Efficacy to Polyethylene Glycol for Bowel Preparation Prior to Capsule Endoscopy.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1159/000496350","pubmedId":"30731474","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Intrathecal Therapy for Chronic Pain: A Review of Morphine and Ziconotide as Firstline Options.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1093/pm/pny132","pubmedId":"30137539","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin Neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus of the Hypothalamus Orchestrate Circadian Rhythms and Metabolism","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2019.01.022","pubmedId":"30744968","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Accelerated Colorectal Polyposis in an Immunosuppressed Patient With a Small Bowel Transplant Treated With Teduglutide: Case Report and Review of Literature.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1016/j.clcc.2019.02.006","pubmedId":"31176580","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"A New Sustained-release, 3-Month Leuprolide Acetate Formulation Achieves and Maintains Castrate Concentrations of Testosterone in Patients With Prostate Cancer.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Clinical therapeutics","publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.01.004","pubmedId":"30929678","peptide":{"commonName":"Leuprolide","slug":"leuprolide"}},{"title":"High-dose linaclotide is effective and safe in patients with chronic constipation: A phase III randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with a long-term open-label extension study in Japan.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1111/nmo.13487","pubmedId":"30353619","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Glycine-modified growth hormone secretagogues identified in seized doping material.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Drug testing and analysis","publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1002/dta.2489","pubmedId":"30136411","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-2","slug":"ghrp-2"}},{"title":"Humanin induces conformational changes in the apoptosis regulator BAX and sequesters it into fibers, preventing mitochondrial outer-membrane permeabilization.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1074/jbc.ra119.011297","pubmedId":"31690630","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Post-Procedural Bivalirudin Infusion at Full or Low Regimen in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology","publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1016/j.jacc.2018.12.023","pubmedId":"30784669","peptide":{"commonName":"Bivalirudin","slug":"bivalirudin"}},{"title":"Linaclotide treatment reduces endometriosis-associated vaginal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia through viscerovisceral cross-talk.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001657","pubmedId":"31335750","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Linaclotide increases cecal pH, accelerates colonic transit, and increases colonic motility in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1111/nmo.13492","pubmedId":"30353623","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Long-term treatment with linaclotide of intestinal pseudo-obstruction secondary to Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1016/j.dld.2018.10.012","pubmedId":"30470553","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Hexarelin attenuates atherosclerosis via inhibiting LOX-1-NF-κB signaling pathway-mediated macrophage ox-LDL uptake in ApoE-/- mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Peptides","publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170122","pubmedId":"31386895","peptide":{"commonName":"Hexarelin","slug":"hexarelin"}},{"title":"Ziconotide for spinal cord injury-related pain.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1002/ejp.1445","pubmedId":"31233255","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"A possible role for mitochondrial-derived peptides humanin and MOTS-c in patients with Q fever fatigue syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1186/s12967-019-1906-3","pubmedId":"31088495","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Effects of tesamorelin on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in HIV: a randomised, double-blind, multicentre trial","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1016/S2352-3018(19)30338-8","pubmedId":"31611038","peptide":{"commonName":"Tesamorelin","slug":"tesamorelin"}},{"title":"Using Small Peptide Segments of Amyloid-β and Humanin to Examine their Physical Interactions.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.2174/0929866526666190405122117","pubmedId":"30950343","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Abaloparatide: A new pharmacological option for osteoporosis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists","publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1093/ajhp/zxy022","pubmedId":"30689744","peptide":{"commonName":"Abaloparatide","slug":"abaloparatide"}},{"title":"Pain therapeutics from cone snail venoms: From Ziconotide to novel non-opioid pathways.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1016/j.jprot.2018.05.009","pubmedId":"29777871","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Oxytocin infusion reduces bleeding during abdominal myomectomies: a randomized controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Archives of gynecology and obstetrics","publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1007/s00404-018-4944-9","pubmedId":"30328494","peptide":{"commonName":"Oxytocin","slug":"oxytocin"}},{"title":"An immuno polymerase chain reaction screen for the detection of CJC-1295 and other growth-hormone-releasing hormone analogs in equine plasma.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1002/dta.2554","pubmedId":"30489688","peptide":{"commonName":"CJC-1295","slug":"cjc-1295"}},{"title":"Abaloparatide, the second generation osteoanabolic drug: Molecular mechanisms underlying its advantages over the first-in-class teriparatide.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Biochemical pharmacology","publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1016/j.bcp.2019.05.024","pubmedId":"31136739","peptide":{"commonName":"Abaloparatide","slug":"abaloparatide"}},{"title":"Teduglutide in Patients With Active Crohn's Disease and Short Bowel Syndrome.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1093/ibd/izz087","pubmedId":"30990222","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"The Discovery and Development of Liraglutide and Semaglutide.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2019.00155","pubmedId":"31031702","peptide":{"commonName":"Semaglutide","slug":"semaglutide"}},{"title":"Modulation of PTEN by hexarelin attenuates coronary artery ligation-induced heart failure in rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Turkish journal of medical sciences","publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.3906/sag-1812-49","pubmedId":"31091855","peptide":{"commonName":"Hexarelin","slug":"hexarelin"}},{"title":"Bremelanotide for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Two Randomized Phase 3 Trials.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000003500","pubmedId":"31599840","peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Efficacy of Pharmacological Therapies for the Prevention of Fractures in Postmenopausal Women: A Network Meta-Analysis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism","publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2019-00192","pubmedId":"30907957","peptide":{"commonName":"Abaloparatide","slug":"abaloparatide"}},{"title":"Oral Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa1901118","pubmedId":"31185157","peptide":{"commonName":"Semaglutide","slug":"semaglutide"}},{"title":"Precisely Controlled Delivery of Abaloparatide through Injectable Hydrogel to Promote Bone Regeneration.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Macromolecular bioscience","publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1002/mabi.201900020","pubmedId":"31066995","peptide":{"commonName":"Abaloparatide","slug":"abaloparatide"}},{"title":"Vasopressin Versus Norepinephrine for the Management of Septic Shock in Cancer Patients: The VANCS II Randomized Clinical Trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Critical care medicine","publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1097/ccm.0000000000004023","pubmedId":"31609774","peptide":{"commonName":"Vasopressin","slug":"vasopressin"}},{"title":"Colonic epithelial cell diversity in health and inflammatory bowel disease.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Nature","publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1038/s41586-019-0992-y","pubmedId":"30814735","peptide":{"commonName":"Uroguanylin","slug":"uroguanylin"}},{"title":"The Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone Analogue, Tesamorelin, Decreases Muscle Fat and Increases Muscle Area in Adults with HIV.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.14283/jfa.2018.45","pubmedId":"31237318","peptide":{"commonName":"Tesamorelin","slug":"tesamorelin"}},{"title":"Effect of Selank on Morphological Parameters of Rat Liver in Chronic Foot-Shock Stress.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine","publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1007/s10517-019-04512-1","pubmedId":"31243679","peptide":{"commonName":"Selank","slug":"selank"}},{"title":"State of Colon Microbiota in Rats during Chronic Restraint Stress and Selank Treatment.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine","publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1007/s10517-019-04496-y","pubmedId":"31236882","peptide":{"commonName":"Selank","slug":"selank"}},{"title":"Effect of teduglutide on restoring oral autonomy for magnesium in two patients with short bowel.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2019.02.014","pubmedId":"31029916","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Lanreotide Reduces Liver Growth In Patients With Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Liver and Kidney Disease.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Gastroenterology","publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2019.04.018","pubmedId":"31022403","peptide":{"commonName":"Lanreotide","slug":"lanreotide"}},{"title":"Elamipretide (SS-31) improves mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic and memory impairment induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of neuroinflammation","publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1186/1742-2094-9-106","pubmedId":"31747905","peptide":{"commonName":"Elamipretide","slug":"elamipretide"}},{"title":"Gastric pentadecapeptide body protection compound BPC 157 and its role in accelerating musculoskeletal soft tissue healing.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1007/s00441-019-03016-8","pubmedId":"30915550","peptide":{"commonName":"BPC-157","slug":"bpc-157"}},{"title":"Reduced skeletal muscle expression of mitochondrial-derived peptides humanin and MOTS-C and Nrf2 in chronic kidney disease.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1152/ajprenal.00202.2019","pubmedId":"31432706","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Selank, Peptide Analogue of Tuftsin, Protects Against Ethanol-Induced Memory Impairment by Regulating of BDNF Content in the Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex in Rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine","publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1007/s10517-019-04588-9","pubmedId":"31625062","peptide":{"commonName":"Selank","slug":"selank"}},{"title":"Safety and Efficacy of Vasopressin After Fontan Completion: A Randomized Pilot Study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Annals of thoracic surgery","publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.06.053","pubmedId":"31400337","peptide":{"commonName":"Vasopressin","slug":"vasopressin"}},{"title":"Bioactive Thymosin Alpha-1 Does Not Influence F508del-CFTR Maturation and Activity.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-019-46639-1","pubmedId":"31311979","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin alpha-1","slug":"thymosin-alpha-1"}},{"title":"Low-Dose Intrathecal Ziconotide for Spasticity From Primary Lateral Sclerosis: A Case Report.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1213/xaa.0000000000000978","pubmedId":"31260413","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Experience with teduglutide treatment for short bowel syndrome in clinical practice.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2018.07.030","pubmedId":"30145039","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"A method for confirming CJC-1295 abuse in equine plasma samples by LC-MS/MS.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1002/dta.2599","pubmedId":"30938069","peptide":{"commonName":"CJC-1295","slug":"cjc-1295"}},{"title":"Off-Label Teduglutide Therapy in Non-intestinal Failure Patients with Chronic Malabsorption.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1007/s10620-019-5473-5","pubmedId":"30730014","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Humanin is a novel regulator of Hedgehog signaling and prevents glucocorticoid-induced bone growth impairment.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1096/fj.201801741r","pubmedId":"30657335","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanin levels in human seminal plasma and spermatozoa are related to sperm quality.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1111/andr.12614","pubmedId":"30920769","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanin Nanoparticles for Reducing Pathological Factors Characteristic of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.2174/1567201815666181031163111","pubmedId":"30381074","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Metabolomic profile of diet-induced obesity mice in response to humanin and small humanin-like peptide 2 treatment.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1007/s11306-019-1549-7","pubmedId":"31172328","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Carbetocin reduces the need for additional uterotonics in elective caesarean delivery: a systematic review, meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomised controlled trials.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"International journal of obstetric anesthesia","publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1016/j.ijoa.2019.06.007","pubmedId":"31353178","peptide":{"commonName":"Carbetocin","slug":"carbetocin"}},{"title":"Carbetocin vs oxytocin for prevention of postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal delivery: A meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"Medicine","publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1097/md.0000000000017911","pubmedId":"31764790","peptide":{"commonName":"Carbetocin","slug":"carbetocin"}},{"title":"Mitochondrial-derived peptide humanin as therapeutic target in cancer and degenerative diseases.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1080/14728222.2019.1559300","pubmedId":"30582721","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Cytoprotective role of S14G-humanin (HNG) in ultraviolet-B induced epidermal stem cells injury.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.059","pubmedId":"30508736","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"The Impact of Stool Consistency on Bowel Movement Satisfaction in Patients With IBS-C or CIC Treated With Linaclotide or Other Medications: Real-World Evidence From the CONTOR Study.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1097/mcg.0000000000001245","pubmedId":"31361710","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"The Mitochondrial Peptide Humanin Targets but Does Not Denature Amyloid Oligomers in Type II Diabetes.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1021/jacs.9b04995","pubmedId":"31456396","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Vasopressin in septic shock: an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Intensive care medicine","publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1007/s00134-019-05620-2","pubmedId":"31062052","peptide":{"commonName":"Vasopressin","slug":"vasopressin"}},{"title":"Comparison of Teriparatide and Denosumab in Patients Switching From Long-Term Bisphosphonate Use.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism","publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2019-00924","pubmedId":"31265071","peptide":{"commonName":"Teriparatide","slug":"teriparatide"}},{"title":"Hexarelin protects cardiac H9C2 cells from angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy via the regulation of autophagy.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Die Pharmazie","publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1691/ph.2019.9324","pubmedId":"31526442","peptide":{"commonName":"Hexarelin","slug":"hexarelin"}},{"title":"Multicentre, non-interventional study of the efficacy and tolerability of linaclotide in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation in primary, secondary and tertiary centres: the Alpine study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025627","pubmedId":"31892640","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Mitochondrial Peptide Humanin Protects Silver Nanoparticles-Induced Neurotoxicity in Human Neuroblastoma Cancer Cells (SH-SY5Y).","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.3390/ijms20184439","pubmedId":"31505887","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of desmopressin in women with nocturia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"International urology and nephrology","publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1007/s11255-019-02242-x","pubmedId":"31352583","peptide":{"commonName":"Desmopressin","slug":"desmopressin"}},{"title":"Oxytocin increases eye gaze in schizophrenia.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Schizophrenia research","publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1016/j.schres.2019.07.039","pubmedId":"31416746","peptide":{"commonName":"Oxytocin","slug":"oxytocin"}},{"title":"[Pharmacological and clinical profile of linaclotide (Linzess<sup>®</sup>), a novel therapeutic agent for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and chronic constipation].","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1254/fpj.153.289","pubmedId":"31178535","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Glucagon Receptor Signaling and Lipid Metabolism","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.3389/fphys.2019.00413","pubmedId":"31068828","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Follicular fluid humanin concentration is related to ovarian reserve markers and clinical pregnancy after IVF-ICSI: a pilot study.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.11.002","pubmedId":"30503199","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Effectiveness and tolerability of linaclotide in the treatment of IBS-C in a \"real-life\" setting: Results from a Portuguese single-center study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1111/nmo.13508","pubmedId":"30569519","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Cervical Ripening Using Foley Balloon with or without Oxytocin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"American journal of perinatology","publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1055/s-0038-1668577","pubmedId":"30130821","peptide":{"commonName":"Oxytocin","slug":"oxytocin"}},{"title":"Safety and tolerability of linaclotide for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: pooled Phase 3 analysis.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1080/17474124.2019.1575203","pubmedId":"30791771","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Bremelanotide: First Approval.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1007/s40265-019-01187-w","pubmedId":"31429064","peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Are melanocortin peptides future therapeutics for cutaneous wound healing?","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1111/exd.13887","pubmedId":"30661264","peptide":{"commonName":"KPV","slug":"kpv"}},{"title":"Glucagon Receptor Signaling and Glucagon Resistance","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.3390/ijms20133314","pubmedId":"31284506","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Bremelanotide (Vyleesi) for hypoactive sexual desire disorder.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"31381550","peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Bivalirudin with a post-procedure infusion versus heparin monotherapy for the prevention of stent thrombosis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions","publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1002/ccd.28065","pubmedId":"30636368","peptide":{"commonName":"Bivalirudin","slug":"bivalirudin"}},{"title":"Neuroprotective Effects of the Amylin Analog, Pramlintide, on Alzheimer's Disease Are Associated with Oxidative Stress Regulation Mechanisms.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.3233/jad-180421","pubmedId":"30958347","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Potent humanin analogue (HNG) protects human sperm from freeze-thaw-induced damage.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1016/j.cryobiol.2019.04.001","pubmedId":"30959025","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"MOTS-c: A Mitochondrial-Encoded Regulator of the Nucleus.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1002/bies.201900046","pubmedId":"31378979","peptide":{"commonName":"MOTS-c","slug":"mots-c"}},{"title":"Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1097/aog.0000000000003514","pubmedId":"31599847","peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Effect of Lanreotide Depot/Autogel on Urinary 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid and Plasma Chromogranin A Biomarkers in Nonfunctional Metastatic Enteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The oncologist","publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1634/theoncologist.2018-0217","pubmedId":"30355775","peptide":{"commonName":"Lanreotide","slug":"lanreotide"}},{"title":"The humanin analogue (HNG) prevents temozolomide-induced male germ cell apoptosis and other adverse effects in severe combined immuno-deficiency (SCID) mice bearing human medulloblastoma.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.104261","pubmedId":"31085184","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Clinical response to linaclotide at week 4 predicts sustained response in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and improvements in digestive and extra-digestive symptoms.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1177/1756284819857358","pubmedId":"31428193","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Detection of black market follistatin 344.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Drug testing and analysis","publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1002/dta.2741","pubmedId":"31758732","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-2","slug":"ghrp-2"}},{"title":"Mitochondrial peptides-appropriate options for therapeutic exploitation.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2019,"doi":"10.1007/s00441-019-03049-z","pubmedId":"31131430","peptide":{"commonName":"MOTS-c","slug":"mots-c"}},{"title":"Insulin Secretion Depends on Intra-islet Glucagon Signaling","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.018","pubmedId":"30380405","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Expression and localisation of thymosin beta-4 in the developing human early fetal heart.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0207248","pubmedId":"30412598","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Effectiveness and Safety of Intrathecal Ziconotide: Interim Analysis of the Patient Registry of Intrathecal Ziconotide Management (PRIZM).","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1111/papr.12599","pubmedId":"28449352","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Humanin Prevents Age-Related Cognitive Decline in Mice and is Associated with Improved Cognitive Age in Humans.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-018-32616-7","pubmedId":"30242290","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"BPC 157 and Standard Angiogenic Growth Factors. Gastrointestinal Tract Healing, Lessons from Tendon, Ligament, Muscle and Bone Healing.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.2174/1381612824666180712110447","pubmedId":"29998800","peptide":{"commonName":"BPC-157","slug":"bpc-157"}},{"title":"Study of forced degradation behavior of pramlintide acetate by HPLC and LC-MS.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1016/j.jfda.2017.07.009","pubmedId":"29389581","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Do the potential benefits outweigh the risks? An update on the use of ziconotide in clinical practice.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1002/ejp.1229","pubmedId":"29635804","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Effects of Kisspeptin-10 on Hypothalamic Neuropeptides and Neurotransmitters Involved in Appetite Control.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1006/meth.2001.1262","pubmedId":"30477219","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-10","slug":"kisspeptin-10"}},{"title":"Highly effective biosynthesis of N-acetylated human thymosin β4 (Tβ4) in Escherichia coli.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1080/21691401.2018.1489268","pubmedId":"29989423","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Humanin Exerts Neuroprotection During Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.3233/jad-170708","pubmedId":"29376862","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"GLP-2 analog teduglutide significantly reduces need for parenteral nutrition and stool frequency in a real-life setting.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1177/1756284818793343","pubmedId":"30364471","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Claiming desmopressin therapeutic equivalence in children requires pediatric data: a population PKPD analysis.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"European journal of clinical pharmacology","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1007/s00228-017-2386-0","pubmedId":"29198064","peptide":{"commonName":"Desmopressin","slug":"desmopressin"}},{"title":"Analysis of new growth promoting black market products.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2018.05.001","pubmedId":"29864719","peptide":{"commonName":"Ipamorelin","slug":"ipamorelin"}},{"title":"Plasma humanin as a prognostic biomarker for canine myxomatous mitral valve disease: a comparison with plasma NT-roBNP.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.24425/124305","pubmedId":"30605282","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"De Novo Development of Hamartomatous Duodenal Polyps in a Patient With Short Bowel Syndrome During Teduglutide Therapy: A Case Report.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1177/0148607117718480","pubmedId":"28666089","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Comparison of intramyometrial vasopressin plus rectal misoprostol with intramyometrial vasopressin alone to decrease blood loss during laparoscopic myomectomy: Randomized clinical trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.07.006","pubmedId":"30056355","peptide":{"commonName":"Vasopressin","slug":"vasopressin"}},{"title":"Interaction of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein 3 With Hyaluronan and Its Regulation by Humanin and CD44.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00635","pubmedId":"30184438","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Effect of Lanreotide on Kidney Function in Patients With Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: The DIPAK 1 Randomized Clinical Trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"JAMA","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1001/jama.2018.15870","pubmedId":"30422235","peptide":{"commonName":"Lanreotide","slug":"lanreotide"}},{"title":"Thymosin α-1 does not correct F508del-CFTR in cystic fibrosis airway epithelia.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1172/jci.insight.98699","pubmedId":"29415893","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin alpha-1","slug":"thymosin-alpha-1"}},{"title":"A randomized controlled and long-term linaclotide study of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation patients in Japan.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1111/nmo.13444","pubmedId":"30136447","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Heat-Stable Carbetocin versus Oxytocin to Prevent Hemorrhage after Vaginal Birth.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The New England journal of medicine","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa1805489","pubmedId":"29949473","peptide":{"commonName":"Carbetocin","slug":"carbetocin"}},{"title":"A Small Molecule Mimetic of the Humanin Peptide as a Candidate for Modulating NMDA-Induced Neurotoxicity.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00350","pubmedId":"29161500","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Pramlintide but Not Liraglutide Suppresses Meal-Stimulated Glucagon Responses in Type 1 Diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2017-02265","pubmedId":"29211871","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Are all gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists equivalent for the treatment of prostate cancer? A systematic review.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"BJU international","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1111/bju.14168","pubmedId":"29438592","peptide":{"commonName":"Leuprolide","slug":"leuprolide"}},{"title":"The effect of carbetocin compared to misoprostol in management of the third stage of labor and prevention of postpartum hemorrhage: a systematic review.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"Systematic reviews","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1186/s13643-018-0832-4","pubmedId":"30342555","peptide":{"commonName":"Carbetocin","slug":"carbetocin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin-10 (KP-10) stimulates osteoblast differentiation through GPR54-mediated regulation of BMP2 expression and activation.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Scientific reports","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1359/jbmr.060109","pubmedId":"29391507","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-10","slug":"kisspeptin-10"}},{"title":"Humanin promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in pancreatic MIN6 β-cells.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.071","pubmedId":"29432738","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Evaluation of growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 for diagnosis of thyrotropin-producing pituitary adenomas.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Endocrine journal","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1507/endocrj.EJ17-0527","pubmedId":"29973439","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-2","slug":"ghrp-2"}},{"title":"Chronic linaclotide treatment reduces colitis-induced neuroplasticity and reverses persistent bladder dysfunction.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1172/jci.insight.121841","pubmedId":"30282832","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Analysis of new growth promoting black market products.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2018.05.001","pubmedId":"29864719","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-2","slug":"ghrp-2"}},{"title":"Pharmacological Aspects of Neuro-Immune Interactions.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Current pharmaceutical design","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.2174/1381612823666170829135115","pubmedId":"28875850","peptide":{"commonName":"Semax","slug":"semax"}},{"title":"Humanin prevents high glucose-induced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells by targeting KLF2.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1016/j.molimm.2018.07.008","pubmedId":"30029058","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanin analog enhances the protective effect of dexrazoxane against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1152/ajpheart.00155.2018","pubmedId":"29775411","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin and LH pulsatile temporal coupling in PCOS patients","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1007/s12020-018-1609-1","pubmedId":"29728876","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Humanin (HN) and glucose transporter 8 (GLUT8) in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0193583","pubmedId":"29590129","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanin decreases mitochondrial membrane permeability by inhibiting the membrane association and oligomerization of Bax and Bid proteins.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1038/aps.2017.169","pubmedId":"29265109","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Serum humanin concentrations in women with pre-eclampsia compared to women with uncomplicated pregnancies.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1080/14767058.2017.1285885","pubmedId":"28110609","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Reduction of Parenteral Nutrition and Hydration Support and Safety With Long-Term Teduglutide Treatment in Patients With Short Bowel Syndrome-Associated Intestinal Failure: STEPS-3 Study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1002/ncp.10092","pubmedId":"29761915","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Tissular growth factors profile after teduglutide administration on an animal model of intestinal anastomosis.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.20960/nh.1326","pubmedId":"29565168","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"LANREOTIDE THERAPY IN CARCINOID SYNDROME: PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF PATIENT-REPORTED SYMPTOMS IN PATIENTS RESPONSIVE TO PRIOR OCTREOTIDE THERAPY AND PATIENTS NAÏVE TO SOMATOSTATIN ANALOGUE THERAPY IN THE ELECT PHASE 3 STUDY.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.4158/ep172000.or","pubmedId":"29547049","peptide":{"commonName":"Lanreotide","slug":"lanreotide"}},{"title":"Single-Center Experience with the Use of Teduglutide in Adult Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1002/jpen.1011","pubmedId":"29505151","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"[The efficacy of semax in the tretament of patients at different stages of ischemic stroke].","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.17116/jnevro20181183261-68","pubmedId":"29798983","peptide":{"commonName":"Semax","slug":"semax"}},{"title":"Determining an optimal dose of linaclotide for use in Japanese patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: A phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1111/nmo.13275","pubmedId":"29278278","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin/Kisspeptin Receptor System in the Ovary","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.3389/fendo.2017.00365","pubmedId":"29354093","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Control of Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes by 24-Hour Fixed-Dose Coadministration of Pramlintide and Regular Human Insulin: A Randomized, Two-Way Crossover Study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.2337/dc18-1091","pubmedId":"30213882","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Low-Dose Linaclotide (72 μg) for Chronic Idiopathic Constipation: A 12-Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1038/ajg.2017.230","pubmedId":"29091082","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Carbetocin versus oxytocin for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in cesarean deliveries.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"Taiwanese journal of obstetrics & gynecology","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1016/j.tjog.2018.04.002","pubmedId":"29880160","peptide":{"commonName":"Carbetocin","slug":"carbetocin"}},{"title":"Humanin is an endogenous activator of chaperone-mediated autophagy.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1083/jcb.201606095","pubmedId":"29187525","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanin Attenuates NMDA-Induced Excitotoxicity by Inhibiting ROS-dependent JNK/p38 MAPK Pathway.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.3390/ijms19102982","pubmedId":"30274308","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Teduglutide for the treatment of short bowel syndrome - a safety evaluation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1080/14740338.2018.1483332","pubmedId":"29848084","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Linaclotide improves gastrointestinal transit in cystic fibrosis mice by inhibiting sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1152/ajpgi.00261.2017","pubmedId":"30118317","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Linaclotide Attenuates Visceral Organ Crosstalk: Role of Guanylate Cyclase-C Activation in Reversing Bladder-Colon Cross-Sensitization.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1124/jpet.118.248567","pubmedId":"29784661","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Uterotonic agents for preventing postpartum haemorrhage: a network meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"The Cochrane database of systematic reviews","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1002/14651858.cd011689.pub2","pubmedId":"29693726","peptide":{"commonName":"Carbetocin","slug":"carbetocin"}},{"title":"Adverse Effects of Carbetocin versus Oxytocin in the Prevention of Postpartum Haemorrhage after Caesarean Section: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of pregnancy","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1155/2018/1374150","pubmedId":"29484209","peptide":{"commonName":"Carbetocin","slug":"carbetocin"}},{"title":"Linaclotide for the treatment of chronic constipation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1080/14656566.2018.1494728","pubmedId":"29985664","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Linaclotide in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: A Phase 3 randomized trial in China and other regions.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1111/jgh.14086","pubmedId":"29319191","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Rapid-onset anorectic effects of intranasal oxytocin in young men.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Appetite","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2018.08.003","pubmedId":"30081055","peptide":{"commonName":"Oxytocin","slug":"oxytocin"}},{"title":"Linaclotide inhibits colonic and urinary bladder hypersensitivity in adult female rats following unpredictable neonatal stress.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1111/nmo.13375","pubmedId":"29797376","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Mitochondrial-Derived Peptides Exacerbate Senescence.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1089/rej.2018.2114","pubmedId":"30058454","peptide":{"commonName":"MOTS-c","slug":"mots-c"}},{"title":"Intranasal carbetocin reduces hyperphagia in individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"JCI insight","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1172/jci.insight.98333","pubmedId":"29925684","peptide":{"commonName":"Carbetocin","slug":"carbetocin"}},{"title":"FSH suppression and tumour control in patients with prostate cancer during androgen deprivation with a GnRH agonist or antagonist.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Scandinavian journal of urology","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1080/21681805.2018.1522372","pubmedId":"30624128","peptide":{"commonName":"Leuprolide","slug":"leuprolide"}},{"title":"Bivalirudin or Heparin in Patients Undergoing Invasive Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1016/j.jacc.2018.01.033","pubmedId":"29544607","peptide":{"commonName":"Bivalirudin","slug":"bivalirudin"}},{"title":"The CD36-PPARγ Pathway in Metabolic Disorders.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"International journal of molecular sciences","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1172/JCI27794","pubmedId":"29883404","peptide":{"commonName":"Hexarelin","slug":"hexarelin"}},{"title":"Further improvement after 24-month treatment with teduglutide in a patient with active Crohn's disease and short bowel syndrome.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.5152/tjg.2018.17596","pubmedId":"29749341","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"BJU international","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1111/bju.14183","pubmedId":"29489052","peptide":{"commonName":"Desmopressin","slug":"desmopressin"}},{"title":"Pramlintide regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and apoptosis through mitochondrial-dependent pathways in human nucleus pulposus cells.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1177/0394632017747500","pubmedId":"29256292","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Abaloparatide: Review of a Next-Generation Parathyroid Hormone Agonist.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Annals of pharmacotherapy","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1177/1060028017748649","pubmedId":"29241341","peptide":{"commonName":"Abaloparatide","slug":"abaloparatide"}},{"title":"The impact of cathelicidin, the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in urinary tract infections.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"BMC infectious diseases","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1126/science.282.5393.1494","pubmedId":"29310594","peptide":{"commonName":"LL-37","slug":"ll-37"}},{"title":"Chronic treatment with the mitochondrial peptide humanin prevents age-related myocardial fibrosis in mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1152/ajpheart.00685.2017","pubmedId":"30004252","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Efficacy and tolerability of linaclotide in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation in a real‑world setting - results from a German noninterventional study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1055/s-0043-124875","pubmedId":"29742779","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Octreotide for congenital and acquired chylothorax in newborns: A systematic review.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"Journal of paediatrics and child health","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1111/jpc.13889","pubmedId":"29602276","peptide":{"commonName":"Octreotide","slug":"octreotide"}},{"title":"Dose-finding study of linaclotide in Japanese patients with chronic constipation: A phase II randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1111/nmo.13442","pubmedId":"30084233","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"The Neurovascular Protective Effect of S14G-Humanin in a Murine MCAO Model and Brain Endothelial Cells.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1002/iub.1869","pubmedId":"29999240","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Physico-chemical properties of co-formulated fast-acting insulin with pramlintide.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.06.039","pubmedId":"29928940","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Teduglutide-induced stem cell function in intestinal repair.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1080/08941939.2017.1300715","pubmedId":"28590166","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Female sexual behavior in mice is controlled by kisspeptin neurons","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-017-02797-2","pubmedId":"29374161","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Pramlintide, an antidiabetic, is antineoplastic in colorectal cancer and synergizes with conventional chemotherapy.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.2147/cpaa.s153780","pubmedId":"29551915","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Serum Levels of Spexin and Kisspeptin Negatively Correlate With Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Women","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.33549/physiolres.933467","pubmedId":"29137471","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Stimulation of growth hormone by kisspeptin antagonists in ewes.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Journal of endocrinology","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1530/JOE-18-0074","pubmedId":"29549187","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-10","slug":"kisspeptin-10"}},{"title":"[The level of circulating humanin in patients with ischemic heart disease.]","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.18821/0869-2084-2018-63-8-466-470","pubmedId":"30726649","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Pramlintide: The Effects of a Single Drug Injection on Blood Phosphatidylcholine Profile for Alzheimer's Disease.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.3233/jad-170948","pubmedId":"29480193","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Effects of teriparatide and risedronate on new fractures in post-menopausal women with severe osteoporosis (VERO): a multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Lancet (London, England)","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32137-2","pubmedId":"29129436","peptide":{"commonName":"Teriparatide","slug":"teriparatide"}},{"title":"Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of the New Gene Data","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.3390/ijms19071987","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"GHK-Cu","slug":"ghk-cu"}},{"title":"Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by Endonuclease G deficiency requires reactive oxygen radicals accumulation and is inhibitable by the micropeptide humanin.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1016/j.redox.2018.02.021","pubmedId":"29502044","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Comparison of serum concentrations of humanin in women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1080/09513590.2018.1482869","pubmedId":"29909696","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Potential roles for the kisspeptin/kisspeptin receptor system in implantation and placentation","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1093/humupd/dmy046","pubmedId":"30649364","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"No effect of thymosin beta-4 on the expression of the transcription factor Islet-1 in the adult murine heart.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1002/prp2.407","pubmedId":"29864245","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Sources of variability in quantifying circulating thymosin beta-4: literature review and recommendations.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1080/14712598.2018.1448382","pubmedId":"29502471","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study vs data in the daily practice using linaclotide in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1111/nmo.13363","pubmedId":"29700962","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Long-term results of linaclotide in the treatment of constipation-type irritable bowel syndrome.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.17235/reed.2018.5268/2017","pubmedId":"29685047","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"ACTIVExtend: 24 Months of Alendronate After 18 Months of Abaloparatide or Placebo for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2018-00163","pubmedId":"29800372","peptide":{"commonName":"Abaloparatide","slug":"abaloparatide"}},{"title":"Intramuscular versus intravenous oxytocin to prevent postpartum haemorrhage at vaginal delivery: randomised controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"BMJ (Clinical research ed.)","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1136/bmj.k3546","pubmedId":"30181338","peptide":{"commonName":"Oxytocin","slug":"oxytocin"}},{"title":"Intestinal Epithelial Stem Cells: Distinct Behavior After Surgical Injury and Teduglutide Administration.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1080/08941939.2017.1294217","pubmedId":"28362133","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Health Care Resource Use and Costs Pre- and Post-Treatment Initiation With Linaclotide: Retrospective Analyses of a U.S. Insured Population.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"29451468","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Factors Associated With Response to Teduglutide in Patients With Short-Bowel Syndrome and Intestinal Failure.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2017.11.023","pubmedId":"29174926","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Peptide-based Anxiolytics: The Molecular Aspects of Heptapeptide Selank Biological Activity.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Protein and peptide letters","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.2174/0929866525666180925144642","pubmedId":"30255741","peptide":{"commonName":"Selank","slug":"selank"}},{"title":"Should intrauterine human chorionic gonadotropin infusions ever be used prior to embryo transfer?","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1093/humrep/des256","pubmedId":"28948440","peptide":{"commonName":"Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)","slug":"human-chorionic-gonadotropin"}},{"title":"Efficacy of linaclotide in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: Real-world data.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1111/nmo.13328","pubmedId":"29700960","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"The Safety and Efficacy of Growth Hormone Secretagogues.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Sexual medicine reviews","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1016/j.sxmr.2017.02.004","pubmedId":"28400207","peptide":{"commonName":"Hexarelin","slug":"hexarelin"}},{"title":"Structure of the glucagon receptor in complex with a glucagon analogue","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1038/nature25153","pubmedId":"29300013","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Ziconotide-induced psychosis: A case report and literature review.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.9740/mhc.2018.09.242","pubmedId":"30206508","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"The role of kisspeptin neurons in reproduction and metabolism","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1530/joe-18-0108","pubmedId":"30042117","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"S14G-humanin alleviates insulin resistance and increases autophagy in neurons of APP/PS1 transgenic mouse.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1002/jcb.26452","pubmedId":"29058763","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Baculovirus-based gene silencing of Humanin for the treatment of pituitary tumors.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1007/s10495-018-1444-0","pubmedId":"29352443","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanin directly protects cardiac mitochondria against dysfunction initiated by oxidative stress by decreasing complex I activity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1016/j.mito.2017.08.001","pubmedId":"28802666","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Long-Term Therapy With Teduglutide in Parenteral Support-Dependent Patients With Short Bowel Syndrome: A Case Series.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1002/jpen.1149","pubmedId":"29603279","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"The Mitochondrial-Encoded Peptide MOTS-c Translocates to the Nucleus to Regulate Nuclear Gene Expression in Response to Metabolic Stress.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2018.06.008","pubmedId":"29983246","peptide":{"commonName":"MOTS-c","slug":"mots-c"}},{"title":"Growth hormone-releasing peptide 6 prevents cutaneous hypertrophic scarring: early mechanistic data from a proteome study.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"International wound journal","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1155/2016/4361702","pubmedId":"29464859","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-6","slug":"ghrp-6"}},{"title":"Improvement of cardiomyocyte function by in vivo hexarelin treatment in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Physiological reports","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.14814/phy2.13612","pubmedId":"29446246","peptide":{"commonName":"Hexarelin","slug":"hexarelin"}},{"title":"Vasopressin in Cardiac Surgery: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia","publicationYear":2018,"doi":"10.1053/j.jvca.2018.04.006","pubmedId":"29748077","peptide":{"commonName":"Vasopressin","slug":"vasopressin"}},{"title":"Pramlintide Antagonizes Beta Amyloid (Aβ)- and Human Amylin-Induced Depression of Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1007/s12035-016-9684-x","pubmedId":"26768593","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Serum level of cathelicidin LL-37 in patients with active tuberculosis and other infectious diseases.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents","publicationYear":2017,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"28956425","peptide":{"commonName":"LL-37","slug":"ll-37"}},{"title":"Is there a role for kisspeptin in pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome?","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1080/09513590.2017.1379499","pubmedId":"28933574","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Cathelicidin (LL-37) level in the scalp hair of patients with tinea capitis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Medical mycology","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1093/mmy/myw132","pubmedId":"27915299","peptide":{"commonName":"LL-37","slug":"ll-37"}},{"title":"Serum levels of peptide cathelicidin LL-37 in elderly patients with depression.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Psychiatry research","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1016/j.psychres.2017.05.036","pubmedId":"28550757","peptide":{"commonName":"LL-37","slug":"ll-37"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin modulates sexual and emotional brain processing in humans","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1172/jci89519","pubmedId":"28112678","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Prospective, Randomized Study on the Effect of Octreotide LAR in the Control of Tumor Growth in Patients with Metastatic Neuroendocrine Midgut Tumors (PROMID): Results of Long-Term Survival.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Neuroendocrinology","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1159/000443612","pubmedId":"26731483","peptide":{"commonName":"Octreotide","slug":"octreotide"}},{"title":"Protective Mechanisms of the Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide Humanin in Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in RPE Cells.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1155/2017/1675230","pubmedId":"28814984","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Thymosin Beta-4 Is Elevated in Women With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1161/JAHA.117.005586","pubmedId":"28611096","peptide":{"commonName":"TB-500","slug":"tb-500"}},{"title":"A study of intrauterine infusion of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) before frozen-thawed embryo transfer after two or more implantation failures.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1080/09513590.2016.1207164","pubmedId":"27449969","peptide":{"commonName":"Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)","slug":"human-chorionic-gonadotropin"}},{"title":"Recombinant adeno-associated virus carrying thymosin beta(4) suppresses experimental colitis in mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.3748/wjg.v23.i2.242","pubmedId":"28127198","peptide":{"commonName":"TB-500","slug":"tb-500"}},{"title":"The New Biology and Pharmacology of Glucagon","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1152/physrev.00025.2016","pubmedId":"28275047","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Neuroprotective effect of G<sup>14</sup>-humanin on global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion by activation of SOCS3 - STAT3 - MCL-1 signal transduction pathway in rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1080/01616412.2017.1352187","pubmedId":"28720038","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Effect of Selank on Functional State of Rat Hepatocytes under Conditions of Restraint Stress.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1007/s10517-017-3817-8","pubmedId":"28853100","peptide":{"commonName":"Selank","slug":"selank"}},{"title":"Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Breast Cancer.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"International journal of molecular sciences","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1159/000188665","pubmedId":"28754015","peptide":{"commonName":"Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)","slug":"human-chorionic-gonadotropin"}},{"title":"Effects of human chorionic gonadotropin on testicular interstitial tissues in men with non-obstructive azoospermia.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Andrology","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1111/andr.12292","pubmedId":"27860441","peptide":{"commonName":"Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)","slug":"human-chorionic-gonadotropin"}},{"title":"Cathelicidin (LL-37) and human β2-defensin levels of children with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The clinical respiratory journal","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1111/crj.12331","pubmedId":"26073571","peptide":{"commonName":"LL-37","slug":"ll-37"}},{"title":"Human Chorionic Gonadotropin: The Pregnancy Hormone and More.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"International journal of molecular sciences","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1177/1933719115597765","pubmedId":"28505106","peptide":{"commonName":"Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)","slug":"human-chorionic-gonadotropin"}},{"title":"Zn(II) - pramlintide: Stability, binding sites and unexpected aggregation.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.06.008","pubmedId":"28672144","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis Reactivation by Kisspeptin-10 in Hyperprolactinemic Women With Chronic Amenorrhea.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of the Endocrine Society","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1210/js.2017-00328","pubmedId":"29264460","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-10","slug":"kisspeptin-10"}},{"title":"Mechanistic insights into the more potent effect of KP-54 compared to KP-10 in vivo.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"PloS one","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2015-2332","pubmedId":"28464043","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-10","slug":"kisspeptin-10"}},{"title":"Safety and metabolic effects of tesamorelin, a growth hormone-releasing factor analogue, in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0179538","pubmedId":"28617838","peptide":{"commonName":"Tesamorelin","slug":"tesamorelin"}},{"title":"Working hard for oneself or others: Effects of oxytocin on reward motivation in social anxiety disorder.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Biological psychology","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.05.015","pubmedId":"28559206","peptide":{"commonName":"Oxytocin","slug":"oxytocin"}},{"title":"The effects of kisspeptin-10 on serum metabolism and myocardium in rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"PloS one","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.2527/jas.2013-6829","pubmedId":"28692647","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-10","slug":"kisspeptin-10"}},{"title":"Thymosin beta-4 overexpression correlates with high-risk groups in gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors: A retrospective analysis by immunohistochemistry.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1016/j.prp.2017.07.005","pubmedId":"28756979","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Pseudogenization of the <i>Humanin</i> gene is common in the mitochondrial DNA of many vertebrates.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2017.049","pubmedId":"28825450","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Be positive: optimizing pramlintide from microcanonical analysis of amylin isoforms.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1039/c7cp04074a","pubmedId":"28905065","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Growth hormone releasing peptide-6 enhanced antibody titers against subunit antigens in mice (BALB/c), tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus).","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Vaccine","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.060","pubmedId":"28893476","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-6","slug":"ghrp-6"}},{"title":"The Growth Hormone Secretagogue Hexarelin Protects Rat Cardiomyocytes From in vivo Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through Interleukin-1 Signaling Pathway.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"International heart journal","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1536/ihj.16-241","pubmedId":"28321024","peptide":{"commonName":"Hexarelin","slug":"hexarelin"}},{"title":"Effects of humanin on experimental colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid in rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.4103/sjg.sjg_318_16","pubmedId":"28361841","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Structure-activity relationship for peptídic growth hormone secretagogues.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Drug testing and analysis","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1002/dta.1947","pubmedId":"26811125","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-2","slug":"ghrp-2"}},{"title":"Tβ4-overexpression based on the piggyBac transposon system in cashmere goats alters hair fiber characteristics.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1007/s11248-016-9988-7","pubmedId":"27900536","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Growth Hormone Secretagogue Treatment in Hypogonadal Men Raises Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Levels.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"American journal of men's health","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1385/endo:22:1:25","pubmedId":"28830317","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-2","slug":"ghrp-2"}},{"title":"Dilute versus concentrated vasopressin administration during laparoscopic myomectomy: a randomised controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1111/1471-0528.14179","pubmedId":"27362908","peptide":{"commonName":"Vasopressin","slug":"vasopressin"}},{"title":"[A comparative chemoreactome analysis of mexidol].","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.17116/jnevro20171171275-84","pubmedId":"28514338","peptide":{"commonName":"Semax","slug":"semax"}},{"title":"Influence of ACTG4-7-PGP (Semax) on Morphofunctional State of Hepatocytes in Chronic Emotional and Painful Stress.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1007/s10517-017-3748-4","pubmedId":"28577097","peptide":{"commonName":"Semax","slug":"semax"}},{"title":"Relationship between bone turnover and density with teriparatide, denosumab or both in women in the DATA study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Bone","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1016/j.bone.2016.11.009","pubmedId":"27840301","peptide":{"commonName":"Teriparatide","slug":"teriparatide"}},{"title":"Humanin Specifically Interacts with Amyloid-β Oligomers and Counteracts Their in vivo Toxicity.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.3233/jad-160951","pubmedId":"28282805","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanin rescues cultured rat cortical neurons from NMDA-induced toxicity through the alleviation of mitochondrial dysfunction.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.2147/dddt.s133042","pubmedId":"28458518","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Linaclotide activates guanylate cyclase-C/cGMP/protein kinase-II-dependent trafficking of CFTR in the intestine.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.14814/phy2.13299","pubmedId":"28592587","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Humanin affects object recognition and gliosis in short-term cuprizone-treated mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2017.10.002","pubmedId":"29070438","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanin ameliorates diazepam-induced memory deficit in mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2016.10.008","pubmedId":"27814910","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Results of 12-month rescue treatment with Teduglutide in severely active and parenteral nutrition-dependent Crohn's disease.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.5152/tjg.2016.0587","pubmedId":"27991856","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Short Exogenous Peptides Regulate Expression of CLE, KNOX1, and GRF Family Genes in Nicotiana tabacum.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1134/S0006297917040149","pubmedId":"28371610","peptide":{"commonName":"Epitalon","slug":"epitalon"}},{"title":"Phase I Randomized Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Study of the Safety and Tolerability of Bremelanotide Coadministered With Ethanol in Healthy Male and Female Participants.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.01.018","pubmedId":"28189361","peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Bioactivity of Oral Linaclotide in Human Colorectum for Cancer Chemoprevention.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1158/1940-6207.capr-16-0286","pubmedId":"28396341","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Usefulness of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to assess the melanocortin receptor agonist bremelanotide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1097/hjh.0000000000001221","pubmedId":"27977473","peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Optimizing the Use of Linaclotide in Patients with Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: An Expert Consensus Report.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1007/s12325-016-0473-8","pubmedId":"28083815","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"The Antiproliferative Role of Lanreotide in Controlling Growth of Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Systematic Review.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"The oncologist","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1634/theoncologist.2016-0305","pubmedId":"28220021","peptide":{"commonName":"Lanreotide","slug":"lanreotide"}},{"title":"Humanin G (HNG) protects age-related macular degeneration (AMD) transmitochondrial ARPE-19 cybrids from mitochondrial and cellular damage.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1038/cddis.2017.348","pubmedId":"28726777","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"High-dose Humanin analogue applied during ischemia exerts cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing mitochondrial dysfunction.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1111/1755-5922.12289","pubmedId":"28726291","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Gly[14]-humanin inhibits ox-LDL uptake and stimulates cholesterol efflux in macrophage-derived foam cells.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.138","pubmedId":"27815075","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin-10 inhibits OHSS by suppressing VEGF secretion.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Reproduction (Cambridge, England)","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1530/REP-17-0268","pubmedId":"28676533","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-10","slug":"kisspeptin-10"}},{"title":"Intestinal inflammatory and redox responses to the perioperative administration of teduglutide in rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1590/s0102-865020170080000007","pubmedId":"28902941","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Peptide Receptor-Targeted Fluorescent Probe: Visualization and Discrimination between Chronic and Acute Ulcerative Colitis.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1021/acsami.7b00936","pubmedId":"28349696","peptide":{"commonName":"KPV","slug":"kpv"}},{"title":"Thymosin Beta-4 Is Elevated in Women With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1161/jaha.117.005586","pubmedId":"28611096","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of pramlintide injection adjunct to insulin therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.18632/oncotarget.16008","pubmedId":"29029531","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Restoring effects of oxytocin on the attentional preference for faces in autism.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Translational psychiatry","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1038/tp.2017.67","pubmedId":"28418399","peptide":{"commonName":"Oxytocin","slug":"oxytocin"}},{"title":"Patients With Short Bowel on Narcotics During 2 Randomized Trials Have Abdominal Complaints Independent of Teduglutide.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1177/0148607116663481","pubmedId":"27507402","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Afamelanotide and its Clinical Use in Treating Dermatologic Disorders.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1007/s40262-016-0501-5","pubmedId":"28063031","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"Global Proteomics-based Identification and Validation of Thymosin Beta-4 X-Linked as a Prognostic Marker for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-017-09539-w","pubmedId":"28831179","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Enteral Autonomy with Teduglutide Treatment of Intestinal Failure/Short Bowel Syndrome with Depleted Central Venous Access.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1007/s10620-017-4780-y","pubmedId":"28993968","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Humanin analogue, S14G-humanin, has neuroprotective effects against oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation by reactivating Jak2/Stat3 signaling through the PI3K/AKT pathway.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.3892/etm.2017.4934","pubmedId":"29043002","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Oxytocin and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"Pharmacopsychiatry","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1055/s-0042-109400","pubmedId":"27574858","peptide":{"commonName":"Oxytocin","slug":"oxytocin"}},{"title":"Teduglutide-Stimulated Intestinal Adaptation Is Complemented and Synergistically Enhanced by Partial Enteral Nutrition in a Neonatal Piglet Model of Short Bowel Syndrome.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1177/0148607115602891","pubmedId":"26304601","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Teduglutide effects on gene regulation of fibrogenesis on an animal model of intestinal anastomosis.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2017.04.022","pubmedId":"28807218","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Vasopressin versus Norepinephrine in Patients with Vasoplegic Shock after Cardiac Surgery: The VANCS Randomized Controlled Trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Anesthesiology","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1097/aln.0000000000001434","pubmedId":"27841822","peptide":{"commonName":"Vasopressin","slug":"vasopressin"}},{"title":"Use of Low Dose Ziconotide as First-Line Intrathecal Monotherapy.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1111/ner.12486","pubmedId":"27492135","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Perioperative Management of a Patient With an Intrathecal Drug Delivery Device Infusing Ziconotide: A Case Report.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1213/xaa.0000000000000432","pubmedId":"28195861","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"The Polish Intestinal Failure Centres' consensus on the use of teduglutide for the treatment of short bowel syndrome.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1016/j.nut.2016.12.022","pubmedId":"28526379","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Outcomes from a 12-Week, Open-Label, Multicenter Clinical Trial of Teduglutide in Pediatric Short Bowel Syndrome.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.10.027","pubmedId":"27855998","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Ziconotide Monotherapy: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.2174/1570159x14666160210142056","pubmedId":"26861472","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Independence From Parenteral Nutrition and Intravenous Fluid Support During Treatment With Teduglutide Among Patients With Intestinal Failure Associated With Short Bowel Syndrome.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1177/0148607116680791","pubmedId":"27875291","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Teduglutide: A Review in Short Bowel Syndrome.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1007/s40265-017-0703-7","pubmedId":"28194723","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Safety and Efficacy of Teduglutide (Gattex) in Patients With Crohn's Disease and Need for Parenteral Support Due to Short Bowel Syndrome-associated Intestinal Failure.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1097/mcg.0000000000000604","pubmedId":"27433811","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Tuftsin - Properties and Analogs.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Current medicinal chemistry","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.2174/0929867324666170725140826","pubmedId":"28745220","peptide":{"commonName":"Selank","slug":"selank"}},{"title":"GABA, Selank, and Olanzapine Affect the Expression of Genes Involved in GABAergic Neurotransmission in IMR-32 Cells.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Frontiers in pharmacology","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1016/0014-2999(96)00066-0","pubmedId":"28293190","peptide":{"commonName":"Selank","slug":"selank"}},{"title":"Studying the Toxic Effects of Some Biologically Active Peptides on the Model of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1007/s10517-017-3891-y","pubmedId":"29063333","peptide":{"commonName":"Selank","slug":"selank"}},{"title":"Anticoagulant Effects of Arginine-Containing Peptides of the Glyproline Family (His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pro-Gly-Pro and Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro) Revealed by Thromboelastography.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1007/s10517-017-3950-4","pubmedId":"29181670","peptide":{"commonName":"Selank","slug":"selank"}},{"title":"The Pharmacology of Spinal Opioids and Ziconotide for the Treatment of Non-Cancer Pain.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.2174/1570159x14666160210142339","pubmedId":"26861471","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Effects of abaloparatide-SC (BA058) on bone histology and histomorphometry: The ACTIVE phase 3 trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Bone","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1016/j.bone.2016.11.004","pubmedId":"27826127","peptide":{"commonName":"Abaloparatide","slug":"abaloparatide"}},{"title":"Peptide Selank Enhances the Effect of Diazepam in Reducing Anxiety in Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Conditions in Rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Behavioural neurology","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.17116/jnevro20151156133-40","pubmedId":"28280289","peptide":{"commonName":"Selank","slug":"selank"}},{"title":"Semax, an analog of ACTH(4-7), regulates expression of immune response genes during ischemic brain injury in rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1007/s00438-017-1297-1","pubmedId":"28255762","peptide":{"commonName":"Semax","slug":"semax"}},{"title":"cAMP signalling in insulin and glucagon secretion","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1111/dom.12993","pubmedId":"28466587","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Profile of Abaloparatide and Its Potential in the Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Cureus","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.7759/cureus.1300","pubmedId":"28680788","peptide":{"commonName":"Abaloparatide","slug":"abaloparatide"}},{"title":"Abaloparatide: First Global Approval.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Drugs","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1007/s40265-017-0780-7","pubmedId":"28624872","peptide":{"commonName":"Abaloparatide","slug":"abaloparatide"}},{"title":"Effect of Selank on Spontaneous Synaptic Activity of Rat Hippocampal CA1 Neurons.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1007/s10517-017-3676-3","pubmedId":"28361410","peptide":{"commonName":"Selank","slug":"selank"}},{"title":"Chemical Stability of Morphine, Ropivacaine, and Ziconotide in Combination for Intrathecal Analgesia.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"28719378","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Thymosin beta-4 regulates activation of hepatic stellate cells via hedgehog signaling.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-017-03782-x","pubmedId":"28630423","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Metallothionein in Brain Disorders.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1016/j.jocn.2016.12.016","pubmedId":"29085556","peptide":{"commonName":"Melanotan II","slug":"melanotan-ii"}},{"title":"Breaking the ritual metabolic cycle in order to save acetyl CoA: A potential role for mitochondrial humanin in T2 bladder cancer aggressiveness.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1016/j.jnci.2017.04.001","pubmedId":"28462847","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Circulating cathelicidin LL-37 in adult patients with pulmonary infectious diseases.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Clinical and investigative medicine. Medecine clinique et experimentale","publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.25011/cim.v40i1.28052","pubmedId":"28218580","peptide":{"commonName":"LL-37","slug":"ll-37"}},{"title":"Teduglutide for treatment of adult patients with short bowel syndrome.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2017,"doi":"10.1080/14712598.2017.1304912","pubmedId":"28293969","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"A thymosin beta-4 is involved in production of hemocytes and immune defense of Hong Kong oyster, Crassostrea hongkongensis.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2015.12.007","pubmedId":"26695126","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Synthesis and amylin receptor activity of glycomimetics of pramlintide using click chemistry.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1039/c6ob00850j","pubmedId":"27139251","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Response to \"Teduglutide and Intestinal Permeability in Short Bowel Syndrome\".","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1177/0148607116637848","pubmedId":"27875269","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Insulin Resistance Is Accompanied by Increased Fasting Glucagon and Delayed Glucagon Suppression in Individuals With Normal and Impaired Glucose Regulation","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.2337/db16-0240","pubmedId":"27504013","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Amyloidogenesis of the amylin analogue pramlintide.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1016/j.bpc.2016.09.007","pubmedId":"27665170","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Mitigating Meal-Related Glycemic Excursions in an Insulin-Sparing Manner During Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery: The Beneficial Effects of Adjunctive Pramlintide and Liraglutide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.2337/dc16-0089","pubmedId":"27208332","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Humanin Protects RPE Cells from Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptosis by Upregulation of Mitochondrial Glutathione.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0165150","pubmedId":"27783653","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Does pain relief influence recovery of consciousness? A case report of a patient treated with ziconotide.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"25491316","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Qualitative identification of growth hormone-releasing hormones in human plasma by means of immunoaffinity purification and LC-HRMS/MS.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1007/s00216-016-9377-3","pubmedId":"26879649","peptide":{"commonName":"CJC-1295","slug":"cjc-1295"}},{"title":"[Time course study of growth hormone releasing peptide-6-induced c-fos expression in neurons of feeding-related nuclei of hypothalamus].","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Sheng li xue bao : [Acta physiologica Sinica]","publicationYear":2016,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"26915318","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-6","slug":"ghrp-6"}},{"title":"Effect of Pramlintide on Postprandial Glucose Fluxes in Type 1 Diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2015-3952","pubmedId":"26930181","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Effect of Early Vasopressin vs Norepinephrine on Kidney Failure in Patients With Septic Shock: The VANISH Randomized Clinical Trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"JAMA","publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1001/jama.2016.10485","pubmedId":"27483065","peptide":{"commonName":"Vasopressin","slug":"vasopressin"}},{"title":"Function of Thymosin Beta-4 in Ethanol-Induced Microglial Activation","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1159/000445578","pubmedId":"27189760","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Side effects of desmopressin in patients with bleeding disorders.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Haemophilia : the official journal of the World Federation of Hemophilia","publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1111/hae.12732","pubmedId":"26036844","peptide":{"commonName":"Desmopressin","slug":"desmopressin"}},{"title":"Thymosin Beta-4 Suppresses Osteoclastic Differentiation and Inflammatory Responses in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0146708","pubmedId":"26789270","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Carbetocin for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians","publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.3109/14767058.2014.1002394","pubmedId":"25579116","peptide":{"commonName":"Carbetocin","slug":"carbetocin"}},{"title":"Phoenixin Activates Immortalized GnRH and Kisspeptin Neurons Through the Novel Receptor GPR173","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1210/me.2016-1039","pubmedId":"27268078","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"High-frequency stimulation-induced peptide release synchronizes arcuate kisspeptin neurons and excites GnRH neurons","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.7554/elife.16246","pubmedId":"27549338","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Relative bioavailability between two teriparatide formulations in healthy volunteers.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics","publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.5414/cp202562","pubmedId":"27007999","peptide":{"commonName":"Teriparatide","slug":"teriparatide"}},{"title":"Desmopressin after cardiac surgery in bleeding patients. A multicenter randomized trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica","publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1111/aas.12740","pubmedId":"27117753","peptide":{"commonName":"Desmopressin","slug":"desmopressin"}},{"title":"Acute Effects of a Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 Analogue, Teduglutide, on Gastrointestinal Motor Function and Permeability in Adult Patients With Short Bowel Syndrome on Home Parenteral Nutrition.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1177/0148607115597644","pubmedId":"26223941","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Solution NMR structure and inhibitory effect against amyloid-β fibrillation of Humanin containing a d-isomerized serine residue.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.114","pubmedId":"27349871","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Teduglutide and Intestinal Permeability in Short Bowel Syndrome.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1177/0148607116637847","pubmedId":"27875268","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Effects of lanreotide Autogel primary therapy on symptoms and quality-of-life in acromegaly: data from the PRIMARYS study.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Pituitary","publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1007/s11102-015-0693-y","pubmedId":"26603536","peptide":{"commonName":"Lanreotide","slug":"lanreotide"}},{"title":"Patient-reported outcomes with lanreotide Autogel/Depot for carcinoid syndrome: An international observational study.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver","publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1016/j.dld.2015.12.013","pubmedId":"26917486","peptide":{"commonName":"Lanreotide","slug":"lanreotide"}},{"title":"[POSSIBLE ROLE OF TRANSTHYRETIN IN THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISM OF THE REGULATORY PEPTIDE NEUROPROTECTION.].","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Molekuliarnaia genetika, mikrobiologiia i virusologiia","publicationYear":2016,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"30383932","peptide":{"commonName":"Semax","slug":"semax"}},{"title":"Teduglutide for Safe Reduction of Parenteral Nutrient and/or Fluid Requirements in Adults: A Systematic Review.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1177/0148607115582063","pubmedId":"25883117","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Impact of Disease Duration on the Effects of Pramlintide in Type 1 Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of Three Clinical Trials.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1007/s12325-016-0326-5","pubmedId":"27071768","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Loss of endogenous thymosin beta(4) accelerates glomerular disease.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1016/j.kint.2016.06.032","pubmedId":"27575556","peptide":{"commonName":"TB-500","slug":"tb-500"}},{"title":"Delivery of ziconotide to cerebrospinal fluid via intranasal pathway for the treatment of chronic pain.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.044","pubmedId":"26732557","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"The study of doping market: How to produce intelligence from Internet forums.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.09.017","pubmedId":"27710891","peptide":{"commonName":"CJC-1295","slug":"cjc-1295"}},{"title":"The mitochondrial-derived peptide humanin activates the ERK1/2, AKT, and STAT3 signaling pathways and has age-dependent signaling differences in the hippocampus.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.18632/oncotarget.10380","pubmedId":"27384491","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Long-Term Teduglutide for the Treatment of Patients With Intestinal Failure Associated With Short Bowel Syndrome.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1038/ctg.2015.69","pubmedId":"26844839","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Afamelanotide: A Review in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1007/s40257-016-0184-6","pubmedId":"26979527","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"Cost-effectiveness of linaclotide compared to antidepressants in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation in Scotland.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1007/s10198-015-0747-0","pubmedId":"26728984","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"The Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide Humanin Protects RPE Cells From Oxidative Stress, Senescence, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1167/iovs.15-17053","pubmedId":"26990160","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Brain-gut Axis and Pentadecapeptide BPC 157: Theoretical and Practical Implications.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.2174/1570159x13666160502153022","pubmedId":"27138887","peptide":{"commonName":"BPC-157","slug":"bpc-157"}},{"title":"Clinical Management of Patients With Parenteral Nutrition-Dependent Short Bowel Syndrome During Teduglutide Therapy.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1177/0148607115594010","pubmedId":"26111832","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Growth Hormone-Releasing Peptide 6 Enhances the Healing Process and Improves the Esthetic Outcome of the Wounds.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Plastic surgery international","publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.10.019","pubmedId":"27200188","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-6","slug":"ghrp-6"}},{"title":"Human cathelicidin LL-37 inhibits platelet aggregation and thrombosis via Src/PI3K/Akt signaling.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Biochemical and biophysical research communications","publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.095","pubmedId":"27012197","peptide":{"commonName":"LL-37","slug":"ll-37"}},{"title":"Selank Administration Affects the Expression of Some Genes Involved in GABAergic Neurotransmission.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Frontiers in pharmacology","publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1134/S1068162006020099","pubmedId":"26924987","peptide":{"commonName":"Selank","slug":"selank"}},{"title":"Kisspeptins, Estrogens and Male Fertility","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.2174/0929867323666160902155434","pubmedId":"27593959","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Netnography of Female Use of the Synthetic Growth Hormone CJC-1295: Pulses and Potions.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.3109/10826084.2015.1082595","pubmedId":"26771670","peptide":{"commonName":"CJC-1295","slug":"cjc-1295"}},{"title":"Intracerebroventricular Pain Treatment with Analgesic Mixtures including Ziconotide for Intractable Pain.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"27454282","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Simplifying and expanding the screening for peptides <2 kDa by direct urine injection, liquid chromatography, and ion mobility mass spectrometry.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1002/jssc.201501060","pubmedId":"26578461","peptide":{"commonName":"AOD-9604","slug":"aod-9604"}},{"title":"Potential Roles of Humanin on Apoptosis in the Heart.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1111/1755-5922.12168","pubmedId":"26667157","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"[Gly14]-Humanin Protects Against Amyloid β Peptide-Induced Impairment of Spatial Learning and Memory in Rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1007/s12264-016-0041-x","pubmedId":"27306655","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Re: Bremelanotide for Female Sexual Dysfunctions in Premenopausal Women: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Dose-Finding Trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1016/j.juro.2016.08.063","pubmedId":"27751477","peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Effect of Abaloparatide vs Placebo on New Vertebral Fractures in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"JAMA","publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1001/jama.2016.11136","pubmedId":"27533157","peptide":{"commonName":"Abaloparatide","slug":"abaloparatide"}},{"title":"[COMPARISON OF PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HEPTAPEPTIDE SELANK AFTER INTRANASAL AND INTRAPERITONEAL ADMINISTRATION TO BALB/c AND C57BL/6 MICE.].","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Eksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia farmakologiia","publicationYear":2016,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"29787664","peptide":{"commonName":"Selank","slug":"selank"}},{"title":"Bremelanotide for female sexual dysfunctions in premenopausal women: a randomized, placebo-controlled dose-finding trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.2217/whe-2016-0018","pubmedId":"27181790","peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Humanin exerts cardioprotection against cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury through attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1111/1755-5922.12210","pubmedId":"27434747","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Economic Evaluation of Linaclotide for the Treatment of Adult Patients With Chronic Idiopathic Constipation in the United States.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"27008836","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"The localization of kisspeptin and kisspeptin receptor in the canine ovary during different stages of the reproductive cycle","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1111/rda.12841","pubmedId":"27774658","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa1607141","pubmedId":"27633186","peptide":{"commonName":"Semaglutide","slug":"semaglutide"}},{"title":"Human cathelicidin, LL-37, inhibits respiratory syncytial virus infection in polarized airway epithelial cells.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"BMC research notes","publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1084/jem.188.10.1967","pubmedId":"26732674","peptide":{"commonName":"LL-37","slug":"ll-37"}},{"title":"Ziconotide intrathecal delivery as treatment for secondary therapeutic failure of motor cortex stimulation after 6 years.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1016/j.neuchi.2016.06.007","pubmedId":"27771111","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Anti-tumour effects of lanreotide for pancreatic and intestinal neuroendocrine tumours: the CLARINET open-label extension study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Endocrine-related cancer","publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1530/erc-15-0490","pubmedId":"26743120","peptide":{"commonName":"Lanreotide","slug":"lanreotide"}},{"title":"A Patient With Parenteral Nutrition-Dependent Short Bowel Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease With 4-Year Exposure to Teduglutide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1177/0148607114566466","pubmedId":"25567782","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"EVALUATION OF LANREOTIDE DEPOT/AUTOGEL EFFICACY AND SAFETY AS A CARCINOID SYNDROME TREATMENT (ELECT): A RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists","publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.4158/ep151172.or","pubmedId":"27214300","peptide":{"commonName":"Lanreotide","slug":"lanreotide"}},{"title":"Intrathecal Ziconotide: Dosing and Administration Strategies in Patients With Refractory Chronic Pain.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1111/ner.12392","pubmedId":"26856969","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-2 Attenuation of Protein Kinase C-Induced Inflammation in Human Ovarian Granulosa Cells.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"International journal of molecular sciences","publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1074/jbc.270.42.24965","pubmedId":"27548147","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-2","slug":"ghrp-2"}},{"title":"Safety and effectiveness of daily teriparatide in a prospective observational study in patients with osteoporosis at high risk of fracture in Japan: final report.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Clinical interventions in aging","publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.2147/cia.s107285","pubmedId":"27462147","peptide":{"commonName":"Teriparatide","slug":"teriparatide"}},{"title":"Rubimetide, humanin, and MMK1 exert anxiolytic-like activities via the formyl peptide receptor 2 in mice followed by the successive activation of DP1, A2A, and GABAA receptors.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2016.07.001","pubmedId":"27475912","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanin: a mitochondrial signaling peptide as a biomarker for impaired fasting glucose-related oxidative stress.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.14814/phy2.12796","pubmedId":"27173674","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Monitoring treatment of central precocious puberty using basal luteinizing hormone levels and practical considerations for dosing with a 3-month leuprolide acetate formulation.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1515/jpem-2016-0026","pubmedId":"27740929","peptide":{"commonName":"Leuprolide","slug":"leuprolide"}},{"title":"Humanin prevents brain mitochondrial dysfunction in a cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion injury model.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1113/ep085749","pubmedId":"27059110","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Neuroprotective effect of epidermal growth factor plus growth hormone-releasing peptide-6 resembles hypothermia in experimental stroke.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Neurological research","publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1080/01616412.2016.1235249","pubmedId":"27665924","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-6","slug":"ghrp-6"}},{"title":"Desmopressin effectiveness in renal colic pain management: Systematic review and meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"The American journal of emergency medicine","publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1016/j.ajem.2016.05.020","pubmedId":"27289437","peptide":{"commonName":"Desmopressin","slug":"desmopressin"}},{"title":"Humanin: Functional Interfaces with IGF-I.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2016.03.005","pubmedId":"27082450","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanin skeletal muscle protein levels increase after resistance training in men with impaired glucose metabolism.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2016,"doi":"10.14814/phy2.13063","pubmedId":"27923980","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Selective optogenetic activation of arcuate kisspeptin neurons generates pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1073/pnas.1512243112","pubmedId":"26443858","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Effect of Intra-articular Injection of AOD9604 with or without Hyaluronic Acid in Rabbit Osteoarthritis Model.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"26275694","peptide":{"commonName":"AOD-9604","slug":"aod-9604"}},{"title":"Acute rhabdomyolysis in a patient with long-term exposure to intrathecal ziconotide: a case report.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1111/papr.12273","pubmedId":"25565390","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"The Potent Humanin Analogue (HNG) Protects Germ Cells and Leucocytes While Enhancing Chemotherapy-Induced Suppression of Cancer Metastases in Male Mice.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1210/en.2015-1542","pubmedId":"26384090","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Synthesis of Mono-PEGylated Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-2 and Investigation of its Biological Activity.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"AAPS PharmSciTech","publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1007/s12272-010-0718-z","pubmedId":"25761386","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-2","slug":"ghrp-2"}},{"title":"Bivalirudin or Unfractionated Heparin in Acute Coronary Syndromes.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The New England journal of medicine","publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa1507854","pubmedId":"26324049","peptide":{"commonName":"Bivalirudin","slug":"bivalirudin"}},{"title":"Economic evaluation of linaclotide for the treatment of adult patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation in the United States.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.3111/13696998.2014.979291","pubmedId":"25333331","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Predictors of Treatment Response to Tesamorelin, a Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor Analog, in HIV-Infected Patients with Excess Abdominal Fat.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0140358","pubmedId":"26457580","peptide":{"commonName":"Tesamorelin","slug":"tesamorelin"}},{"title":"Oxytocin reduces caloric intake in men.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)","publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1002/oby.21069","pubmedId":"25865294","peptide":{"commonName":"Oxytocin","slug":"oxytocin"}},{"title":"Desmopressin to Prevent Rapid Sodium Correction in Severe Hyponatremia: A Systematic Review.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"The American journal of medicine","publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.04.040","pubmedId":"26031887","peptide":{"commonName":"Desmopressin","slug":"desmopressin"}},{"title":"Afamelanotide for Erythropoietic Protoporphyria.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa1411481","pubmedId":"26132941","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"The effects of humanin and its analogues on male germ cell apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic drugs.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1007/s10495-015-1105-5","pubmedId":"25666707","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"FRAX and the effect of teriparatide on vertebral and non-vertebral fracture.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA","publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1007/s00198-015-3173-3","pubmedId":"26092063","peptide":{"commonName":"Teriparatide","slug":"teriparatide"}},{"title":"Growth hormone-releasing peptide-biotin conjugate stimulates myocytes differentiation through insulin-like growth factor-1 and collagen type I.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"BMB reports","publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1002/pmic.200900826","pubmedId":"25644636","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-6","slug":"ghrp-6"}},{"title":"Central effects of humanin on hepatic triglyceride secretion.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00043.2015","pubmedId":"26058861","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Evaluation of the immunogenicity of the synthetic α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) analogue afamelanotide ([Nle4-D-Phe7]-α-MSH, Scenesse®) in erythropoietic protoporphyria patients by ELISA detecting both anti-afamelanotide and anti-α-MSH antibodies.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1159/000362174","pubmedId":"25402764","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"Terlipressin plus albumin versus midodrine and octreotide plus albumin in the treatment of hepatorenal syndrome: A randomized trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)","publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1002/hep.27709","pubmedId":"25644760","peptide":{"commonName":"Octreotide","slug":"octreotide"}},{"title":"The effect of sex on humanin levels in healthy adults and patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes mellitus.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1139/cjpp-2014-0401","pubmedId":"25615723","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Gonadotropin and Estradiol Levels after Leuprolide Stimulation Tests in Brazilian Girls with Precocious Puberty.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology","publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpag.2014.09.006","pubmedId":"26094907","peptide":{"commonName":"Leuprolide","slug":"leuprolide"}},{"title":"Critical Appraisal of Bivalirudin versus Heparin for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"PloS one","publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0127832","pubmedId":"26010682","peptide":{"commonName":"Bivalirudin","slug":"bivalirudin"}},{"title":"Humanin Peptide Binds to Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein 3 (IGFBP3) and Regulates Its Interaction with Importin-β.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.2174/0929866522666150728114955","pubmedId":"26216267","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"MRP4 Modulation of the Guanylate Cyclase-C/cGMP Pathway: Effects on Linaclotide-Induced Electrolyte Secretion and cGMP Efflux.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1124/jpet.115.224329","pubmedId":"26216942","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Humanin Derivatives Inhibit Necrotic Cell Death in Neurons.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.2119/molmed.2015.00073","pubmedId":"26062019","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Protective effects of Humanin and calmodulin-like skin protein in Alzheimer's disease and broad range of abnormalities.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1007/s12035-014-8799-1","pubmedId":"24969584","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanin Does Not Protect Against STZ-Induced Spatial Memory Impairment.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1007/s12031-015-0531-8","pubmedId":"25744099","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Analysis of the ability of pramlintide to inhibit amyloid formation by human islet amyloid polypeptide reveals a balance between optimal recognition and reduced amyloidogenicity.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00567","pubmedId":"26407043","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Denosumab and teriparatide transitions in postmenopausal osteoporosis (the DATA-Switch study): extension of a randomised controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Lancet (London, England)","publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(15)61120-5","pubmedId":"26144908","peptide":{"commonName":"Teriparatide","slug":"teriparatide"}},{"title":"Vasopressors for the Treatment of Septic Shock: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"PloS one","publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0129305","pubmedId":"26237037","peptide":{"commonName":"Vasopressin","slug":"vasopressin"}},{"title":"Rationale for Prospective Assays of Intrathecal Mixtures Including Morphine, Ropivacaine and Ziconotide: Prevention of Adverse Events and Feasibility in Clinical Practice.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.36076/ppj.2015/18/349","pubmedId":"26218938","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Long-term observational study of afamelanotide in 115 patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1111/bjd.13598","pubmedId":"25494545","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"Vasopressin does not raise cardiac enzymes following cardiac surgery: a randomized double-blind clinical trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia","publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1053/j.jvca.2014.07.007","pubmedId":"25440643","peptide":{"commonName":"Vasopressin","slug":"vasopressin"}},{"title":"Hypoxia/reoxygenation-experienced cancer cell migration and metastasis are regulated by Rap1- and Rac1-GTPase activation via the expression of thymosin beta-4.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.18632/oncotarget.3218","pubmedId":"25888632","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Teduglutide: a guide to its use in short bowel syndrome.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1007/s40261-015-0286-6","pubmedId":"25859983","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Afamelanotide and narrowband UV-B phototherapy for the treatment of vitiligo: a randomized multicenter trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.1875","pubmedId":"25230094","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"Ziconotide Combination Intrathecal Therapy for Noncancer Pain Is Limited Secondary to Delayed Adverse Effects: A Case Series With a 24-Month Follow-Up.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1111/ner.12270","pubmedId":"25655991","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"MALDI-imaging reveals thymosin beta-4 as an independent prognostic marker for colorectal cancer.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.18632/oncotarget.6103","pubmedId":"26556858","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Increased oligodendrogenesis by humanin promotes axonal remyelination and neurological recovery in hypoxic/ischemic brains.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1002/hipo.22350","pubmedId":"25139533","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Fixed ratio dosing of pramlintide with regular insulin before a standard meal in patients with type 1 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1111/dom.12504","pubmedId":"26040429","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Afamelanotide (CUV1647) in dermal phototoxicity of erythropoietic protoporphyria.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1586/17512433.2014.956089","pubmedId":"25470471","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"Dual Effect of Ziconotide in Primary Erythromelalgia.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1155/2015/592170","pubmedId":"26609309","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Effect of Teduglutide, a Glucagon-like Peptide 2 Analog, on Citrulline Levels in Patients With Short Bowel Syndrome in Two Phase III Randomized Trials.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1038/ctg.2015.15","pubmedId":"26111125","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2015.02.009","pubmedId":"25738459","peptide":{"commonName":"MOTS-c","slug":"mots-c"}},{"title":"Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of octreotide in malignant bowel obstruction.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of pain and symptom management","publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2014.09.013","pubmedId":"25462210","peptide":{"commonName":"Octreotide","slug":"octreotide"}},{"title":"Intrathecal Ziconotide and Morphine for Pain Relief: A Case Series of Eight Patients with Refractory Cancer Pain, Including Five Cases of Neuropathic Pain.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1007/s40120-015-0035-z","pubmedId":"26563119","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin-10 inhibits the migration of breast cancer cells by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Oncology reports","publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.3892/or.2014.3619","pubmedId":"25420482","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-10","slug":"kisspeptin-10"}},{"title":"Influence of pH and temperature on ziconotide stability in intrathecal analgesic admixtures in implantable pumps and syringes.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.04.041","pubmedId":"25891257","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin signaling in the amygdala modulates reproductive hormone secretion","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1007/s00429-015-1024-9","pubmedId":"25758403","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin Antagonists Reveal Kisspeptin 1 and Kisspeptin 2 Differential Regulation of Reproduction in the Teleost, Morone saxatilis1","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1095/biolreprod.115.131870","pubmedId":"26246220","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The effects of kisspeptin-10 on migration and proliferation of endothelial cell.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Advanced biomedical research","publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.4103/2277-9175.151250","pubmedId":"25789267","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-10","slug":"kisspeptin-10"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin signalling and its roles in humans","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.11622/smedj.2015183","pubmedId":"26702158","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Expression of thymosin beta-4 in human periodontal ligament cells and mouse periodontal tissue and its role in osteoblastic/cementoblastic differentiation.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1016/j.diff.2015.08.003","pubmedId":"26361868","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis of tesamorelin in HIV-infected patients and healthy subjects.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1007/s10928-015-9416-2","pubmedId":"25895899","peptide":{"commonName":"Tesamorelin","slug":"tesamorelin"}},{"title":"Ziconotide-induced psychosis: a case report.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2014.10.001","pubmedId":"25459190","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Detection and in vitro metabolism of AOD9604.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1002/dta.1715","pubmedId":"25208511","peptide":{"commonName":"AOD-9604","slug":"aod-9604"}},{"title":"Tailored delivery of analgesic ziconotide across a blood brain barrier model using viral nanocontainers.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1038/srep12497","pubmedId":"26234920","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Novel cell-penetrating peptide targeting mitochondria.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology","publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1096/fj.14-269225","pubmedId":"26195590","peptide":{"commonName":"Elamipretide","slug":"elamipretide"}},{"title":"GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1155/2015/648108","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"GHK-Cu","slug":"ghk-cu"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin: Beyond the Brain","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1210/en.2014-1915","pubmedId":"25590245","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Intrathecal Pharmacology Update: Novel Dosing Strategy for Intrathecal Monotherapy Ziconotide on Efficacy and Sustainability.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1111/ner.12274","pubmedId":"25708382","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Efficacy of octreotide long-acting repeatable in neuroendocrine tumors: RADIANT-2 placebo arm post hoc analysis.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Endocrine-related cancer","publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1530/erc-15-0314","pubmedId":"26373569","peptide":{"commonName":"Octreotide","slug":"octreotide"}},{"title":"Urocortin 2 in cardiovascular health and disease.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Drug discovery today","publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1016/j.drudis.2015.02.012","pubmedId":"25748088","peptide":{"commonName":"Urocortin 2","slug":"urocortin-2"}},{"title":"Inhibition of the glucose transporter SGLT2 with dapagliflozin in pancreatic alpha cells triggers glucagon secretion","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1038/nm.3828","pubmedId":"25894829","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"There is Kisspeptin – And Then There is Kisspeptin","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1016/j.tem.2015.07.008","pubmedId":"26412157","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Humanin protects against chemotherapy-induced stage-specific male germ cell apoptosis in rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1111/andr.12036","pubmedId":"25891800","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Linaclotide in Chronic Idiopathic Constipation Patients with Moderate to Severe Abdominal Bloating: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0134349","pubmedId":"26222318","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Thymosin Beta-4 Recombinant Adeno-associated Virus Enhances Human Nucleus Pulposus Cell Proliferation and Reduces Cell Apoptosis and Senescence.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.4103/0366-6999.157686","pubmedId":"26021512","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Thymosin alpha-1 treatment in chronic hepatitis B.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1517/14712598.2015.1007948","pubmedId":"25640173","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin alpha-1","slug":"thymosin-alpha-1"}},{"title":"Expanded test method for peptides >2 kDa employing immunoaffinity purification and LC-HRMS/MS.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1002/dta.1868","pubmedId":"26382721","peptide":{"commonName":"CJC-1295","slug":"cjc-1295"}},{"title":"Thymosin Beta-4 Induces Mouse Hair Growth.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0130040","pubmedId":"26083021","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Aseptic arachnoiditis in a patient treated with intrathecal morphine infusion: symptom resolution on switch to ziconotide.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1111/ner.12201","pubmedId":"24945709","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Ziconotide Trialing by Intrathecal Bolus Injections: An Open-Label Non-Randomized Clinical Trial in Postoperative/Posttraumatic Neuropathic Pain Patients Refractory to Conventional Treatment.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1111/ner.12293","pubmedId":"25879804","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Randomized clinical trial comparing octreotide and scopolamine butylbromide in symptom control of patients with inoperable bowel obstruction due to advanced ovarian cancer.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"World journal of surgical oncology","publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1186/s12957-015-0455-3","pubmedId":"25889313","peptide":{"commonName":"Octreotide","slug":"octreotide"}},{"title":"Efficacy of weekly teriparatide does not vary by baseline fracture probability calculated using FRAX.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA","publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1007/s00198-015-3129-7","pubmedId":"26092062","peptide":{"commonName":"Teriparatide","slug":"teriparatide"}},{"title":"[Statement of the German Society of Gastroenterology, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (DGVS) for teduglutide-benefit assessment according to § 35a SGB V the G-BA].","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1055/s-0034-1397528","pubmedId":"25821868","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"A comparison of linaclotide and lubiprostone dosing regimens on ion transport responses in human colonic mucosa.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1002/prp2.128","pubmedId":"26038704","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"The Relationship Between the Mechanisms of Action and Safety Profiles of Intrathecal Morphine and Ziconotide: A Review of the Literature.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1111/pme.12666","pubmedId":"25645109","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Rat Humanin is encoded and translated in mitochondria and is localized to the mitochondrial compartment where it regulates ROS production.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1016/j.mce.2015.06.015","pubmedId":"26116236","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Population pharmacokinetic analysis of tesamorelin in HIV-infected patients and healthy subjects.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2015,"doi":"10.1007/s40262-014-0202-x","pubmedId":"25358450","peptide":{"commonName":"Tesamorelin","slug":"tesamorelin"}},{"title":"In vivo growth suppression of CT-26 mouse colorectal cancer cells by adenovirus-expressed small hairpin RNA specifically targeting thymosin beta-4 mRNA.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1038/cgt.2014.43","pubmedId":"25124811","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Effect of tesamorelin on visceral fat and liver fat in HIV-infected patients with abdominal fat accumulation: a randomized clinical trial","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1001/jama.2014.8334","pubmedId":"25038357","peptide":{"commonName":"Tesamorelin","slug":"tesamorelin"}},{"title":"Detecting peptidic drugs, drug candidates and analogs in sports doping: current status and future directions.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1586/14789450.2014.965159","pubmedId":"25382550","peptide":{"commonName":"AOD-9604","slug":"aod-9604"}},{"title":"Pasireotide versus continued treatment with octreotide or lanreotide in patients with inadequately controlled acromegaly (PAOLA): a randomised, phase 3 trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology","publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1016/s2213-8587(14)70169-x","pubmedId":"25260838","peptide":{"commonName":"Lanreotide","slug":"lanreotide"}},{"title":"Human chorionic gonadotropin and indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase in patients with GVHD.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Bone marrow transplantation","publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1038/bmt.2014.59","pubmedId":"24686986","peptide":{"commonName":"Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)","slug":"human-chorionic-gonadotropin"}},{"title":"Humanin rescues cultured rat cortical neurons from NMDA-induced toxicity not by NMDA receptor.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1155/2014/341529","pubmedId":"24959608","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin modulates fertilization capacity of mouse spermatozoa","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1530/rep-13-0368","pubmedId":"24567427","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Humanin: a possible linkage between Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.2174/1871527312666131223110147","pubmedId":"24365186","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Unfractionated heparin versus bivalirudin in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (HEAT-PPCI): an open-label, single centre, randomised controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Lancet (London, England)","publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60924-7","pubmedId":"25002178","peptide":{"commonName":"Bivalirudin","slug":"bivalirudin"}},{"title":"Antiapoptotic factor humanin is expressed in normal and tumoral pituitary cells and protects them from TNF-α-induced apoptosis.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0111548","pubmedId":"25360890","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin-54 triggers egg maturation in women undergoing in vitro fertilization","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1172/jci75730","pubmedId":"25036713","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF GPCRS: Kisspeptin/kisspeptin receptors","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1530/jme-13-0224","pubmedId":"24577719","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Increasing LH Pulsatility in Women With Hypothalamic Amenorrhoea Using Intravenous Infusion of Kisspeptin-54","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2013-1569","pubmedId":"24517142","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"A model of glucose-insulin-pramlintide pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in type I diabetes.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1177/1932296813517323","pubmedId":"24876617","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Protective role of humanin on bortezomib-induced bone growth impairment in anticancer treatment.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1093/jnci/djt459","pubmedId":"24586107","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"IGF-I regulates the age-dependent signaling peptide humanin.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1111/acel.12243","pubmedId":"25040290","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Intraportal infusion of ghrelin could inhibit glucose-stimulated GLP-1 secretion by enteric neural net in Wistar rat.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"BioMed research international","publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1155/2014/923564","pubmedId":"25247193","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-2","slug":"ghrp-2"}},{"title":"Impaired kisspeptin signaling decreases metabolism and promotes glucose intolerance and obesity","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1172/jci71075","pubmedId":"24937427","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"[Effect of tripeptide Pro-Gly-Pro on rat brain transcriptome in focal ischemia].","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Molekuliarnaia biologiia","publicationYear":2014,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"25850296","peptide":{"commonName":"Selank","slug":"selank"}},{"title":"Prolactin Regulation of Kisspeptin Neurones in the Mouse Brain and its Role in the Lactation‐Induced Suppression of Kisspeptin Expression","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1111/jne.12223","pubmedId":"25207795","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Thymosin beta 4 gene silencing decreases stemness and invasiveness in glioblastoma.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1093/brain/awt333","pubmedId":"24355709","peptide":{"commonName":"TB-500","slug":"tb-500"}},{"title":"[A comparison of the anxiolytic effect and tolerability of selank and phenazepam in the treatment of anxiety disorders].","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova","publicationYear":2014,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"25176261","peptide":{"commonName":"Selank","slug":"selank"}},{"title":"Humanin attenuates Alzheimer-like cognitive deficits and pathological changes induced by amyloid β-peptide in rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1007/s12264-014-1479-3","pubmedId":"25391447","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Tumor shrinkage with lanreotide Autogel 120 mg as primary therapy in acromegaly: results of a prospective multicenter clinical trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism","publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2013-3318","pubmedId":"24423301","peptide":{"commonName":"Lanreotide","slug":"lanreotide"}},{"title":"Thymosin beta-4 knockdown in IEC-6 normal intestinal epithelial cells induces DNA re-replication via downregulating Emi1.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1002/jcp.24609","pubmedId":"24615569","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"New role for the mitochondrial peptide humanin: protective agent against chemotherapy-induced side effects.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1093/jnci/dju006","pubmedId":"24586106","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Glucagon Regulates Hepatic Kisspeptin to Impair Insulin Secretion","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2014.03.005","pubmedId":"24703698","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Inactive C8A‑humanin analog is as stable as a potent S14G‑humanin analog.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.3892/mmr.2013.1797","pubmedId":"24247787","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Clarification of linaclotide pharmacology presented in a recent clinical study of plecanatide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1007/s10620-013-2953-x","pubmedId":"24652108","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Linaclotide: a novel agent for chronic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.2146/ajhp130575","pubmedId":"24939497","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Linaclotide: a review of its use in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1007/s40265-013-0157-5","pubmedId":"24293117","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Review article: Linaclotide for the management of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1111/apt.12604","pubmedId":"24433216","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Apollon/Bruce is upregulated by Humanin.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1007/s11010-014-2182-4","pubmedId":"25138702","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"The peptide semax affects the expression of genes related to the immune and vascular systems in rat brain focal ischemia: genome-wide transcriptional analysis.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"BMC genomics","publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1161/01.STR.12.6.723","pubmedId":"24661604","peptide":{"commonName":"Semax","slug":"semax"}},{"title":"Convergent chemoenzymatic synthesis of a library of glycosylated analogues of pramlintide: structure-activity relationships for amylin receptor agonism.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1039/c4ob01208a","pubmedId":"25030939","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Humanin attenuated the change of voltage-dependent potassium currents in hippocampal neurons induced by anoxia.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1111/cns.12211","pubmedId":"24341938","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Linaclotide. A bacterial enterotoxin derivative with a laxative action, nothing more.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"25629140","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Vortioxetine hydrobromide, crofelemer, and teduglutide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1331/japha.2014.14506","pubmedId":"24407747","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Habenular kisspeptin modulates fear in the zebrafish","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1073/pnas.1314184111","pubmedId":"24567386","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Disrupted Kisspeptin Signaling in GnRH Neurons Leads to Hypogonadotrophic Hypogonadism","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1210/me.2013-1319","pubmedId":"24422632","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Identification and characterization of peptide drugs in unknown pharmaceutical preparations seized by the Belgian authorities: case report on AOD9604.","evidenceTier":"case_report","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1002/dta.1687","pubmedId":"24976118","peptide":{"commonName":"AOD-9604","slug":"aod-9604"}},{"title":"Expression, purification, and biological activity of the recombinant pramlintide precursor.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1007/s00253-014-5699-2","pubmedId":"24728756","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Neuroprotective effects of the amylin analogue pramlintide on Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and cognition.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.10.076","pubmedId":"24239383","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Two years of Denosumab and teriparatide administration in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (The DATA Extension Study): a randomized controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism","publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2013-4440","pubmedId":"24517156","peptide":{"commonName":"Teriparatide","slug":"teriparatide"}},{"title":"Acute effects of the glucagon-like peptide 2 analogue, teduglutide, on intestinal adaptation in short bowel syndrome.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1097/mpg.0000000000000295","pubmedId":"24399211","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157-NO-system relation.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.2174/13816128113190990411","pubmedId":"23755725","peptide":{"commonName":"BPC-157","slug":"bpc-157"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin-10 potentiates miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents in the rat supraoptic nucleus.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Brain research","publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2014.08.020","pubmedId":"25130664","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin-10","slug":"kisspeptin-10"}},{"title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose, parallel-group clinical trial to assess the effects of teduglutide on gastric emptying of liquids in healthy subjects.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1186/1471-230x-14-25","pubmedId":"24517114","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"The actin-sequestering protein thymosin beta-4 is a novel target of hypoxia-inducible nitric oxide and HIF-1α regulation.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0106532","pubmedId":"25271630","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Dyskinesia caused by ziconotide-baclofen combination in an adolescent affected by cerebral palsy.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1097/aap.0000000000000054","pubmedId":"24513956","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"The kisspeptin-GnRH pathway in human reproductive health and disease","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1093/humupd/dmu009","pubmedId":"24615662","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Sigmoidal maximal effect modeling of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and annual incidence of coronary heart disease events in secondary prevention trials.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Pharmacotherapy","publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1002/phar.1368","pubmedId":"24877185","peptide":{"commonName":"Semax","slug":"semax"}},{"title":"Positive, But Not Negative Feedback Actions of Estradiol in Adult Female Mice Require Estrogen Receptor α in Kisspeptin Neurons","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1210/en.2014-1851","pubmedId":"25545386","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"BPC 157 and blood vessels.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.2174/13816128113199990421","pubmedId":"23782145","peptide":{"commonName":"BPC-157","slug":"bpc-157"}},{"title":"Activity of pramlintide, rat and human amylin but not Aβ1-42 at human amylin receptors.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1210/en.2013-1658","pubmedId":"24169554","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Effects of pramlintide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an analysis using daily insulin dose tertiles.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.4158/ep13477.or","pubmedId":"25100363","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"1,4-disubstituted-[1,2,3]triazolyl-containing analogues of MT-II: design, synthesis, conformational analysis, and biological activity.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of medicinal chemistry","publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1021/jm501027w","pubmedId":"25347033","peptide":{"commonName":"Melanotan II","slug":"melanotan-ii"}},{"title":"Utility of a population pharmacokinetic meta analysis during the approval process of teduglutide for the treatment of short bowel syndrome.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.5414/cp201942","pubmedId":"25066226","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Lanreotide in metastatic enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The New England journal of medicine","publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa1316158","pubmedId":"25014687","peptide":{"commonName":"Lanreotide","slug":"lanreotide"}},{"title":"The Integrated Hypothalamic Tachykinin-Kisspeptin System as a Central Coordinator for Reproduction","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1210/en.2014-1651","pubmedId":"25422875","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"N-aminoimidazolidin-2-one peptidomimetics.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Organic letters","publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1021/ol500739k","pubmedId":"24697286","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-6","slug":"ghrp-6"}},{"title":"Analytical approaches for the detection of emerging therapeutics and non-approved drugs in human doping controls.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2014.05.020","pubmedId":"24906629","peptide":{"commonName":"AOD-9604","slug":"aod-9604"}},{"title":"Teduglutide for the Treatment of Short Bowel Syndrome.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1177/1060028014537468","pubmedId":"24871569","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"We are ageing.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"BioMed research international","publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1155/2014/808307","pubmedId":"25045704","peptide":{"commonName":"Hexarelin","slug":"hexarelin"}},{"title":"Effect of linaclotide on severe abdominal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2013.09.022","pubmedId":"24075889","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Coevolution of the Spexin/Galanin/Kisspeptin Family: Spexin Activates Galanin Receptor Type II and III","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1210/en.2013-2106","pubmedId":"24517231","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Impact of linaclotide treatment on work productivity and activity impairment in adults with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: results from 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trials.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"25237424","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Protection effect of [Gly14]-Humanin from apoptosis induced by high glucose in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1016/j.diabres.2014.09.020","pubmedId":"25451915","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"The cardiovascular action of hexarelin.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC","publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2014.03.007","pubmedId":"25278975","peptide":{"commonName":"Hexarelin","slug":"hexarelin"}},{"title":"Prospective, randomized, controlled, proof-of-concept study of the Ghrelin mimetic ipamorelin for the management of postoperative ileus in bowel resection patients.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1007/s00384-014-2030-8","pubmedId":"25331030","peptide":{"commonName":"Ipamorelin","slug":"ipamorelin"}},{"title":"The impact of abdominal pain on global measures in patients with chronic idiopathic constipation, before and after treatment with linaclotide: a pooled analysis of two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1111/apt.12985","pubmedId":"25312449","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"In vitro stability of low-concentration ziconotide alone or in admixtures in intrathecal pumps.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1111/ner.12142","pubmedId":"24512055","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"The effects of tesamorelin on phosphocreatine recovery in obese subjects with reduced GH.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2013-3436","pubmedId":"24178787","peptide":{"commonName":"Tesamorelin","slug":"tesamorelin"}},{"title":"Effect of linaclotide in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C): a systematic review and meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1111/nmo.12292","pubmedId":"24351035","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"The temporary dynamics of inflammation-related genes expression under tuftsin analog Selank action.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Molecular immunology","publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1016/j.molimm.2013.11.002","pubmedId":"24291245","peptide":{"commonName":"Selank","slug":"selank"}},{"title":"Protective effects of humanin on okadaic Acid-induced neurotoxicities in cultured cortical neurons.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1007/s11064-014-1410-3","pubmedId":"25142935","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Responders vs clinical response: a critical analysis of data from linaclotide phase 3 clinical trials in IBS-C.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2014,"doi":"10.1111/nmo.12264","pubmedId":"24382134","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin and Puberty in Mammals","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-6199-9_12","pubmedId":"23550010","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of an octreotide implant in the treatment of patients with acromegaly.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism","publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2013-2262","pubmedId":"23969184","peptide":{"commonName":"Octreotide","slug":"octreotide"}},{"title":"Challenges of managing pain in constipation-predominant IBS: clinical perspectives on antinociceptive actions of linaclotide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2013.10.039","pubmedId":"24409483","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"The efficacy of afamelanotide and narrowband UV-B phototherapy for repigmentation of vitiligo.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1001/2013.jamadermatol.386","pubmedId":"23407924","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"A review and update on melanocyte stimulating hormone therapy: afamelanotide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"23884489","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"A bioassay for the detection of neutralizing antibodies against the α-melanocyte stimulating hormone analog afamelanotide in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2012.11.040","pubmedId":"23277150","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"Efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of sustained-release lanreotide (lanreotide Autogel) in Japanese patients with acromegaly or pituitary gigantism.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Endocrine journal","publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1507/endocrj.ej12-0417","pubmedId":"23337477","peptide":{"commonName":"Lanreotide","slug":"lanreotide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin Neurones do not Directly Signal to RFRP ‐3 Neurones but RFRP ‐3 may Directly Modulate a Subset of Hypothalamic Kisspeptin Cells in Mice","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1111/jne.12084","pubmedId":"23927071","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin, Neurokinin B, and Dynorphin Act in the Arcuate Nucleus to Control Activity of the GnRH Pulse Generator in Ewes","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1210/en.2013-1331","pubmedId":"23959940","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Severe signs of hyponatremia secondary to desmopressin treatment for enuresis: a systematic review.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"Journal of pediatric urology","publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2013.02.012","pubmedId":"23619353","peptide":{"commonName":"Desmopressin","slug":"desmopressin"}},{"title":"Study reanalysis using a mechanism-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model of pramlintide in subjects with type 1 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1208/s12248-012-9409-7","pubmedId":"23054970","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Recent and emerging therapeutic medications in type 2 diabetes mellitus: incretin-based, Pramlintide, Colesevelam, SGLT2 Inhibitors, Tagatose, Succinobucol.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1097/mjt.0b013e3181ec9eb2","pubmedId":"20838206","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"[Transcriptome alteration in hippocampus under the treatment of tuftsin analog Selank].","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Zhurnal vysshei nervnoi deiatelnosti imeni I P Pavlova","publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.7868/s0044467713030052","pubmedId":"24450168","peptide":{"commonName":"Selank","slug":"selank"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin and GnRH Pulse Generation","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-6199-9_14","pubmedId":"23550012","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin and energy balance in reproduction","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1530/rep-13-0509","pubmedId":"24327738","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Glycosylation of pramlintide: synthetic glycopeptides that display in vitro and in vivo activities as amylin receptor agonists.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1002/chem.201303303","pubmedId":"24123422","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Expression of Kisspeptins and Kiss Receptors Suggests a Large Range of Functions for Kisspeptin Systems in the Brain of the European Sea Bass","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0070177","pubmedId":"23894610","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Neuroanatomy of the Kisspeptin Signaling System in Mammals: Comparative and Developmental Aspects","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-6199-9_3","pubmedId":"23550001","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Interactions Between Kisspeptins and Neurokinin B","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-6199-9_15","pubmedId":"23550013","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Determination of human chorionic gonadotropin.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism","publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.beem.2013.10.005","pubmedId":"24275190","peptide":{"commonName":"Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)","slug":"human-chorionic-gonadotropin"}},{"title":"Medical abortion follow-up with serum human chorionic gonadotropin compared with ultrasonography: a randomized controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Obstetrics and gynecology","publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182839fda","pubmedId":"23635625","peptide":{"commonName":"Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)","slug":"human-chorionic-gonadotropin"}},{"title":"Sex Steroid Regulation of Kisspeptin Circuits","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-6199-9_13","pubmedId":"23550011","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Dependence of fertility on kisspeptin–Gpr54 signaling at the GnRH neuron","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1038/ncomms3492","pubmedId":"24051579","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Neuroanatomical Evidence That Kisspeptin Directly Regulates Isotocin and Vasotocin Neurons","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0062776","pubmedId":"23638144","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Metabolic control of puberty: Roles of leptin and kisspeptins","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.01.014","pubmedId":"23998663","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Neurokinin B Activates Arcuate Kisspeptin Neurons Through Multiple Tachykinin Receptors in the Male Mouse","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1210/en.2013-1231","pubmedId":"23744641","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Neuroanatomy of the Human Hypothalamic Kisspeptin System","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1159/000356903","pubmedId":"24401651","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Current and future applications of GnRH, kisspeptin and neurokinin B analogues","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1038/nrendo.2013.120","pubmedId":"23817290","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Modulation of body temperature and LH secretion by hypothalamic KNDy (kisspeptin, neurokinin B and dynorphin) neurons: A novel hypothesis on the mechanism of hot flushes","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.07.003","pubmedId":"23872331","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Effect of semax and its C-terminal fragment Pro-Gly-Pro on the expression of VEGF family genes and their receptors in experimental focal ischemia of the rat brain.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN","publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1007/s12031-012-9853-y","pubmedId":"22772900","peptide":{"commonName":"Semax","slug":"semax"}},{"title":"Linaclotide, novel therapy for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation and constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1007/s12325-013-0012-9","pubmedId":"23436110","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Linaclotide inhibits colonic nociceptors and relieves abdominal pain via guanylate cyclase-C and extracellular cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2013.08.017","pubmedId":"23958540","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Linaclotide-a novel secretagogue in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and chronic idiopathic constipation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.2174/1389557511313110011","pubmedId":"24001336","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Linaclotide: a new option for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and chronic idiopathic constipation in adults.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.4137/cgast.s10550","pubmedId":"24833940","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Linaclotide in the treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome and constipation - analysis of an opportunity.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.4321/s1130-01082013000600006","pubmedId":"24090017","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Linaclotide: A new drug for the treatment of chronic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1177/2050640612474446","pubmedId":"24917937","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Effects of linaclotide in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation or chronic constipation: a meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2013.04.032","pubmedId":"23644388","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Randomised clinical trials: linaclotide phase 3 studies in IBS-C - a prespecified further analysis based on European Medicines Agency-specified endpoints.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1111/apt.12123","pubmedId":"23116208","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Thymosin beta-4 promotes mesenchymal stem cell proliferation via an interleukin-8-dependent mechanism.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.04.014","pubmedId":"23712052","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"A review of the clinical efficacy of linaclotide in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1185/03007995.2012.754743","pubmedId":"23198977","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of time-resolved fluorescence probes for evaluation of competitive binding to melanocortin receptors.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.bmc.2013.06.052","pubmedId":"23890524","peptide":{"commonName":"KPV","slug":"kpv"}},{"title":"Pharmacologic properties, metabolism, and disposition of linaclotide, a novel therapeutic peptide approved for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and chronic idiopathic constipation.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1124/jpet.112.199430","pubmedId":"23090647","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Constella™(EU)-Linzess™(USA): the last milestone in the long journey of the peptide linaclotide and its implications for the future of peptide drugs.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.4155/fmc.13.5","pubmedId":"23464519","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"An evaluation of the FDA responder endpoint for IBS-C clinical trials: analysis of data from linaclotide Phase 3 clinical trials.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1111/nmo.12089","pubmedId":"23384406","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"[Joint Statement of the German Society for Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (DGVS), the German Society for Neurogastroenterology and motility (DGNM) and the German Society for Internal Medicine (DGIM) for linaclotide-benefit assessment of the Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG) in accordance with § 35a SGB V (dossier evaluation)].","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1055/s-0033-1357025","pubmedId":"24266047","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Teduglutide: a review of its use in the treatment of patients with short bowel syndrome.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1007/s40265-013-0070-y","pubmedId":"23729002","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Teduglutide for the treatment of short bowel syndrome.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1358/dot.2013.49.10.2017025","pubmedId":"24191254","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of teduglutide in subjects with renal impairment.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1007/s00228-012-1455-7","pubmedId":"23187965","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Safety and efficacy of teduglutide after 52 weeks of treatment in patients with short bowel intestinal failure.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2012.12.029","pubmedId":"23333663","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Teduglutide enhances structural adaptation of the small intestinal mucosa in patients with short bowel syndrome.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1097/mcg.0b013e3182828f57","pubmedId":"23426461","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Teduglutide injection (Gattex) for short bowel syndrome.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"23588102","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Study of teduglutide effectiveness in parenteral nutrition-dependent short-bowel syndrome subjects.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1586/17474124.2013.842894","pubmedId":"24134154","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Glucagonlike peptide 2 analogue teduglutide: stimulation of proliferation but reduction of differentiation in human Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1001/jamasurg.2013.3731","pubmedId":"24068167","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"[Short bowel syndrome. GLP-2 analog teduglutide].","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"24069647","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"The long road to a new short-bowel therapy: teduglutide for clinical use.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.cgh.2013.03.030","pubmedId":"23591284","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Increased intestinal absorption in the era of teduglutide and its impact on management strategies in patients with short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1177/0148607112472906","pubmedId":"23343999","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"AOD-9604 does not influence the WADA hGH isoform immunoassay.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1002/dta.1557","pubmedId":"24124033","peptide":{"commonName":"AOD-9604","slug":"aod-9604"}},{"title":"Quality of life in patients with short bowel syndrome treated with the new glucagon-like peptide-2 analogue teduglutide--analyses from a randomised, placebo-controlled study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2013.03.016","pubmedId":"23587733","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Ziconotide: a clinical update and pharmacologic review.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1517/14656566.2013.784269","pubmedId":"23537340","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Intrathecal ziconotide: a review of its use in patients with chronic pain refractory to other systemic or intrathecal analgesics.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1007/s40263-013-0107-5","pubmedId":"23999971","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Administering ziconotide and monitoring patients treated with ziconotide: expert opinions.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.pmn.2011.05.004","pubmedId":"23972874","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Bolus intrathecal injection of ziconotide (Prialt®) to evaluate the option of continuous administration via an implanted intrathecal drug delivery (ITDD) system: a pilot study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1111/ner.12003","pubmedId":"23205907","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Spinal morphine but not ziconotide or gabapentin analgesia is affected by alternative splicing of voltage-gated calcium channel CaV2.2 pre-mRNA.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1186/1744-8069-9-67","pubmedId":"24369063","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Multiple functional involvement of thymosin beta-4 in tooth germ development.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1007/s00418-012-1033-1","pubmedId":"23052839","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Acute cardiovascular toxicity of low-dose intrathecal ziconotide.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1111/pme.12196","pubmedId":"23855951","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Identification of tubulin beta chain, thymosin beta-4-like protein 3, and cytochrome b-c₁ complex subunit 1 as serological diagnostic biomarkers of gastric cancer.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.05.068","pubmedId":"23747515","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Humanin: a novel functional molecule for the green synthesis of graphene.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.06.018","pubmedId":"23850746","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"S14G-humanin restored cellular homeostasis disturbed by amyloid-beta protein.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.27.009","pubmedId":"25206568","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"[Gly14]-Humanin offers neuroprotection through glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibition in a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2013.03.023","pubmedId":"23538063","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanin: a harbinger of mitochondrial-derived peptides?","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.tem.2013.01.005","pubmedId":"23402768","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanin binds MPP8: mapping interaction sites of the peptide and protein.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1002/psc.2500","pubmedId":"23532874","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"A humanin analog decreases oxidative stress and preserves mitochondrial integrity in cardiac myoblasts.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.08.055","pubmedId":"23985350","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Potent humanin analog increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion through enhanced metabolism in the β cell.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1096/fj.13-231092","pubmedId":"23995290","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"[Gly14]-Humanin reduces histopathology and improves functional outcome after traumatic brain injury in mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.11.019","pubmedId":"23178909","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Circulating humanin levels are associated with preserved coronary endothelial function.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1152/ajpheart.00765.2012","pubmedId":"23220334","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Neuroprotective Peptide humanin inhibits inflammatory response in astrocytes induced by lipopolysaccharide.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1007/s11064-012-0951-6","pubmedId":"23277413","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"The cytoprotective peptide humanin is induced and neutralizes Bax after pro-apoptotic stress in the rat testis.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00091.x","pubmedId":"23686888","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of humanin and its analogues in male rodents.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1210/en.2012-2004","pubmedId":"23836030","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"The emerging role of the mitochondrial-derived peptide humanin in stress resistance.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1530/jme-12-0203","pubmedId":"23239898","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Amelioration of neurodegenerative diseases by cell death-induced cytoplasmic delivery of humanin.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.12.022","pubmedId":"23298615","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"SH3-binding protein 5 mediates the neuroprotective effect of the secreted bioactive peptide humanin by inhibiting c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1074/jbc.m113.469692","pubmedId":"23861391","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Secreted calmodulin-like skin protein inhibits neuronal death in cell-based Alzheimer's disease models via the heterotrimeric Humanin receptor.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1038/cddis.2013.80","pubmedId":"23519124","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Bivalirudin started during emergency transport for primary PCI.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The New England journal of medicine","publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa1311096","pubmedId":"24171490","peptide":{"commonName":"Bivalirudin","slug":"bivalirudin"}},{"title":"Structure of the human glucagon class B G-protein-coupled receptor","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1038/nature12393","pubmedId":"23863937","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Biguanides suppress hepatic glucagon signalling by decreasing production of cyclic AMP","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1038/nature11808","pubmedId":"23292513","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Pramlintide improved measures of glycemic control and body weight in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus undergoing continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.3810/pgm.2013.05.2635","pubmedId":"23748514","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Cellular trafficking of thymosin beta-4 in HEPG2 cells following serum starvation.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0067999","pubmedId":"23967050","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"In silico design of optimal ratio for co-administration of pramlintide and insulin in type 1 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1089/dia.2013.0054","pubmedId":"23865841","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Novel therapies for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: part 1. pramlintide and bromocriptine-QR.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1111/1753-0407.12034","pubmedId":"23452312","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Linaclotide for constipation-predominant IBS.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1136/dtb.2013.11.0218","pubmedId":"24227771","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Linaclotide for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome--the view of European regulators.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/j.dld.2013.03.017","pubmedId":"23701993","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Teriparatide and denosumab, alone or combined, in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: the DATA study randomised trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Lancet (London, England)","publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60856-9","pubmedId":"23683600","peptide":{"commonName":"Teriparatide","slug":"teriparatide"}},{"title":"Linaclotide: a novel compound for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2013,"doi":"10.1517/14656566.2013.833605","pubmedId":"24007408","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Humanin, a cytoprotective peptide, is expressed in carotid atherosclerotic [corrected] plaques in humans.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0031065","pubmedId":"22328926","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Afamelanotide","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"38598652","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"RFamide-Related Peptide-3 Receptor Gene Expression in GnRH and Kisspeptin Neurons and GnRH-Dependent Mechanism of Action","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1210/en.2012-1133","pubmedId":"22691552","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Elvitegravir/cobicistat, mirabegron, and linaclotide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1331/japha.2012.12544","pubmedId":"23229974","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Cloning and expression of tachykinins and their association with kisspeptins in the brains of zebrafish","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1002/cne.23103","pubmedId":"22430310","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Tesamorelin: a growth hormone-releasing factor analogue for HIV-associated lipodystrophy.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1345/aph.1Q629","pubmedId":"22298602","peptide":{"commonName":"Tesamorelin","slug":"tesamorelin"}},{"title":"S14G-humanin improves cognitive deficits and reduces amyloid pathology in the middle-aged APPswe/PS1dE9 mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2011.09.012","pubmedId":"21993310","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Pharmacokinetic analysis of ziconotide (SNX-111), an intrathecal N-type calcium channel blocking analgesic, delivered by bolus and infusion in the dog.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1111/j.1525-1403.2012.00479.x","pubmedId":"22748108","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Contrasting effects of linaclotide and lubiprostone on restitution of epithelial cell barrier properties and cellular homeostasis after exposure to cell stressors.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1186/1471-2210-12-3","pubmedId":"22553939","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"The human tripeptide GHK-Cu in prevention of oxidative stress and degenerative conditions of aging: implications for cognitive health.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1155/2012/324832","pubmedId":"22666519","peptide":{"commonName":"GHK-Cu","slug":"ghk-cu"}},{"title":"Pramlintide: profile of an amylin analog.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1586/eem.12.50","pubmedId":"30754127","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Intrathecal combination of ziconotide and morphine for refractory cancer pain: a rapidly acting and effective choice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1016/j.pain.2011.10.002","pubmedId":"22082570","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Medical management of ectopic pregnancy.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Clinical obstetrics and gynecology","publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1097/GRF.0b013e3182510a48","pubmedId":"22510624","peptide":{"commonName":"Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)","slug":"human-chorionic-gonadotropin"}},{"title":"Humanin prevents intra-renal microvascular remodeling and inflammation in hypercholesterolemic ApoE deficient mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1016/j.lfs.2012.07.010","pubmedId":"22820173","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanin protects cortical neurons from ischemia and reperfusion injury by the increased activity of superoxide dismutase.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1007/s11064-011-0593-0","pubmedId":"21935731","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Linaclotide for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: a 26-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate efficacy and safety.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1038/ajg.2012.254","pubmedId":"22986437","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Linaclotide in the management of gastrointestinal tract disorders.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1358/dot.2012.48.3.1745228","pubmedId":"22462039","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Pramlintide","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"31644254","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Effects of growth hormone-releasing hormone on cognitive function in adults with mild cognitive impairment and healthy older adults: results of a controlled trial","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1001/archneurol.2012.1970","pubmedId":"22869065","peptide":{"commonName":"Tesamorelin","slug":"tesamorelin"}},{"title":"Treatment of adult short bowel syndrome patients with  teduglutide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1517/14656566.2012.644787","pubmedId":"22224470","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Linaclotide","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"31643353","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Seasonal Variation in the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Response to Kisspeptin in Sheep: Possible Kisspeptin Regulation of the Kisspeptin Receptor","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1159/000335998","pubmedId":"22343304","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Arcuate Kisspeptin/Neurokinin B/Dynorphin (KNDy) Neurons Mediate the Estrogen Suppression of Gonadotropin Secretion and Body Weight","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1210/en.2012-1045","pubmedId":"22508514","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Role for kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin (KNDy) neurons in cutaneous vasodilatation and the estrogen modulation of body temperature","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1073/pnas.1211517109","pubmedId":"23150555","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Bremelanotide.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"34436837","peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Linaclotide: first global approval.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.2165/11470590-000000000-00000","pubmedId":"23083112","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin Neurons from Mice to Men: Similarities and Differences","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1210/en.2012-1550","pubmedId":"22989628","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin Administration to Women: A Window into Endogenous Kisspeptin Secretion and GnRH Responsiveness across the Menstrual Cycle","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2012-1282","pubmedId":"22577171","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Linaclotide: promising IBS-C efficacy in an era of provisional study endpoints.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1038/ajg.2012.325","pubmedId":"23160292","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin-GPR54 Signaling in Mouse NO-Synthesizing Neurons Participates in the Hypothalamic Control of Ovulation","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.4765-11.2012","pubmedId":"22262891","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"[[Gly14]-humanin protects against Aβ₃₁₋₃₅-induced impairment of spatial learning and memory in rats].","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"23258324","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Thymosin β4: a multi-functional regenerative peptide. Basic properties and clinical applications.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1517/14712598.2012.634793","pubmedId":"22074294","peptide":{"commonName":"TB-500","slug":"tb-500"}},{"title":"Ziconotide adverse events in patients with cancer pain: a multicenter observational study of a slow titration, multidrug protocol.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.36076/ppj.2012/15/395","pubmedId":"22996851","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Teriparatide and the risk of nonvertebral fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Bone","publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1016/j.bone.2011.10.018","pubmedId":"22036910","peptide":{"commonName":"Teriparatide","slug":"teriparatide"}},{"title":"Regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 by thymosin beta-4 is associated with gastric cancer cell migration.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1002/ijc.27490","pubmedId":"22328534","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Teduglutide and short bowel syndrome: every night without parenteral fluids is a good night.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2012.10.022","pubmedId":"23089542","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Thymosin beta 4 ameliorates hyperglycemia and improves insulin resistance of KK Cg-Ay/J mouse.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1016/j.diabres.2011.12.009","pubmedId":"22217673","peptide":{"commonName":"TB-500","slug":"tb-500"}},{"title":"Efficacy and safety of desmopressin for treatment of nocturia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of double-blinded trials.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"International urology and nephrology","publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1007/s11255-011-0054-3","pubmedId":"21898039","peptide":{"commonName":"Desmopressin","slug":"desmopressin"}},{"title":"Current updates in the medical management of obesity.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.2174/187221412800604644","pubmedId":"22435392","peptide":{"commonName":"AOD-9604","slug":"aod-9604"}},{"title":"Metabolism of growth hormone releasing peptides.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Analytical chemistry","publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1021/ac302034w","pubmedId":"23101768","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-2","slug":"ghrp-2"}},{"title":"Evidence of a Role for Kisspeptin and Neurokinin B in Puberty of Female Sheep","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1210/en.2011-2009","pubmedId":"22434087","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Efficacy of ipamorelin, a ghrelin mimetic, on gastric dysmotility in a rodent model of postoperative ileus.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.2147/JEP.S35396","pubmedId":"27186127","peptide":{"commonName":"Ipamorelin","slug":"ipamorelin"}},{"title":"A Thorough QT Study of Teduglutide in Healthy Subjects.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1177/2160763x12438745","pubmedId":"27121220","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Interaction structure of the complex between neuroprotective factor humanin and Alzheimer's β-amyloid peptide revealed by affinity mass spectrometry and molecular modeling.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1002/psc.2404","pubmedId":"22522311","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Carbetocin for preventing postpartum haemorrhage.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"The Cochrane database of systematic reviews","publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1002/14651858.cd005457.pub4","pubmedId":"22513931","peptide":{"commonName":"Carbetocin","slug":"carbetocin"}},{"title":"Ulipristal acetate versus leuprolide acetate for uterine fibroids.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The New England journal of medicine","publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa1103180","pubmedId":"22296076","peptide":{"commonName":"Leuprolide","slug":"leuprolide"}},{"title":"D-Ser-containing humanin shows promotion of fibril formation.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1007/s00726-011-0971-6","pubmedId":"21735222","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Linaclotide (Linzess) for constipation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"23183319","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Hyperprolactinemia-induced ovarian acyclicity is reversed by kisspeptin administration","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1172/jci63937","pubmedId":"23006326","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 2 analogue: a novel protective agent with anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant properties in mice with lung injury.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2012.09.030","pubmedId":"23059393","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Effect of pramlintide on prandial glycemic excursions during closed-loop control in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.2337/dc12-0330","pubmedId":"22815298","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptins and Reproduction: Physiological Roles and Regulatory Mechanisms","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1152/physrev.00037.2010","pubmedId":"22811428","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Teduglutide reduces need for parenteral support among patients with short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2012.09.007","pubmedId":"22982184","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"[D-Leu-4]-OB3, a synthetic peptide amide with leptin-like activity, augments the effects of orally delivered exenatide and pramlintide acetate on energy balance and glycemic control in insulin-resistant male C57BLK/6-m db/db mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1016/j.regpep.2012.08.006","pubmedId":"22960403","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"A 12-week, randomized, controlled trial with a 4-week randomized withdrawal period to evaluate the efficacy and safety of linaclotide in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1038/ajg.2012.255","pubmedId":"22986440","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Reduction in visceral adiposity is associated with an improved metabolic profile in HIV-infected patients receiving tesamorelin.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1093/cid/cis251","pubmedId":"22495074","peptide":{"commonName":"Tesamorelin","slug":"tesamorelin"}},{"title":"Peptides tissue-specifically stimulate cell differentiation during their aging.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine","publicationYear":2012,"doi":"10.1007/s10517-012-1664-1","pubmedId":"22808515","peptide":{"commonName":"Vesugen","slug":"vesugen"}},{"title":"The human cathelicidin, LL-37, induces granzyme-mediated apoptosis in regulatory T cells.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997)","publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1097/CJI.0b013e318207ecdf","pubmedId":"21389875","peptide":{"commonName":"LL-37","slug":"ll-37"}},{"title":"Randomised placebo-controlled trial of teduglutide in reducing parenteral nutrition and/or intravenous fluid requirements in patients with short bowel syndrome.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1136/gut.2010.218271","pubmedId":"21317170","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"The effect of pramlintide acetate on glycemic control and weight in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and in obese patients without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1111/j.1463-1326.2010.01337.x","pubmedId":"21199269","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Effect of different doses of GLP-2 (Teduglutide) on acute esophageal lesion due to acid-pepsin perfusion in male rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2011.09.004","pubmedId":"21930171","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Female reproductive maturation in the absence of kisspeptin/GPR54 signaling","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1038/nn.2818","pubmedId":"21516099","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin Resets the Hypothalamic GnRH Clock in Men","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2010-3046","pubmedId":"21470997","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Effects of tesamorelin on inflammatory markers in HIV patients with excess abdominal fat: relationship with visceral adipose reduction.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1097/QAD.0b013e328347f3f1","pubmedId":"21516030","peptide":{"commonName":"Tesamorelin","slug":"tesamorelin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin-10 Is a Potent Stimulator of LH and Increases Pulse Frequency in Men","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2011-0089","pubmedId":"21632807","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The human cathelicidin, LL-37, induces granzyme-mediated apoptosis in cytotoxic T lymphocytes.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Experimental cell research","publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.11.015","pubmedId":"21134367","peptide":{"commonName":"LL-37","slug":"ll-37"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin Signaling Is Indispensable for Neurokinin B, but not Glutamate, Stimulation of Gonadotropin Secretion in Mice","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1210/en.2011-1260","pubmedId":"22067321","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"[Humanin and its derivatives as peptides with potential antiapoptotic and confirmed neuroprotective activities].","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"22010475","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Spotlight on tesamorelin in HIV-associated lipodystrophy.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.2165/11208290-000000000-00000","pubmedId":"22050344","peptide":{"commonName":"Tesamorelin","slug":"tesamorelin"}},{"title":"Increased risk of suicide under intrathecal ziconotide treatment? - a warning.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1016/j.pain.2010.10.007","pubmedId":"21041028","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Maintenance of parenteral nutrition volume reduction, without weight loss, after stopping teduglutide in a subset of patients with short bowel syndrome.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1177/0148607111414431","pubmedId":"21825090","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Serum oxytocin concentrations in elective caesarean delivery: a randomized comparison of three infusion regimens.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"International journal of obstetric anesthesia","publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1016/j.ijoa.2011.03.004","pubmedId":"21641198","peptide":{"commonName":"Oxytocin","slug":"oxytocin"}},{"title":"Tesamorelin: a review of its use in the management of HIV-associated lipodystrophy.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.2165/11202240-000000000-00000","pubmedId":"21668043","peptide":{"commonName":"Tesamorelin","slug":"tesamorelin"}},{"title":"Peptidegic stimulation of differentiation of pineal immune cells.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine","publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1007/s10517-011-1470-1","pubmedId":"22803057","peptide":{"commonName":"Vesugen","slug":"vesugen"}},{"title":"Six-month preoperative octreotide treatment in unselected, de novo patients with acromegaly: effect on biochemistry, tumour volume, and postoperative cure.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Clinical endocrinology","publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.03982.x","pubmedId":"21521254","peptide":{"commonName":"Octreotide","slug":"octreotide"}},{"title":"Advances in characterization of neuroprotective peptide, humanin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.2174/092986711798347261","pubmedId":"22172065","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"The biological activity of Humanin analogs correlates with structure stabilities in solution.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.04.003","pubmedId":"21510972","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Ziconotide: A rapid detoxification protocol for the conversion from intrathecal morphine--the Raffaeli Detoxification Model.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.5055/jom.2011.0045","pubmedId":"21434581","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Psychiatric predisposition to autonomic and abnormal perception side-effects of ziconotide: a case series study.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1111/j.1525-1403.2011.00334.x","pubmedId":"21992243","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Italian registry on long-term intrathecal ziconotide treatment.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.36076/ppj.2011/14/15","pubmedId":"21267038","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Minireview: Glucagon in the Pathogenesis of Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia in Diabetes","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1210/en.2011-1499","pubmedId":"22166985","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Insulin and growth hormone-releasing peptide-6 (GHRP-6) have differential beneficial effects on cell turnover in the pituitary, hypothalamus and cerebellum of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Molecular and cellular endocrinology","publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1016/j.mce.2011.02.002","pubmedId":"21352888","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-6","slug":"ghrp-6"}},{"title":"Can ziconotide as a N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channel blocker open a new mode for treatment of autism? A hypothesis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"21206454","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Early Metabolic Programming of Puberty Onset: Impact of Changes in Postnatal Feeding and Rearing Conditions on the Timing of Puberty and Development of the Hypothalamic Kisspeptin System","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1210/en.2010-1415","pubmedId":"21712362","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The Effects of Kisspeptin-10 on Reproductive Hormone Release Show Sexual Dimorphism in Humans","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2011-1408","pubmedId":"21976724","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Projections of Arcuate Nucleus and Rostral Periventricular Kisspeptin Neurons in the Adult Female Mouse Brain","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1210/en.2011-0164","pubmedId":"21486932","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"[Experience in treatment of patients with neuropathic facial pain using ziconotide].","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1007/s00482-011-1080-x","pubmedId":"21818721","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Trigeminal neuralgia relief with intrathecal ziconotide.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1097/ajp.0b013e3181fb22f4","pubmedId":"21494183","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Humanin preserves endothelial function and prevents atherosclerotic plaque progression in hypercholesterolemic ApoE deficient mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.06.038","pubmedId":"21763658","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Structure of three Humanin peptides with different activities upon interaction with liposome.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.12.017","pubmedId":"21215775","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Characterization of the kisspeptin system in human spermatozoa","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2605.2011.01177.x","pubmedId":"21651574","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Leptin Deficiency and Diet-Induced Obesity Reduce Hypothalamic Kisspeptin Expression in Mice","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1210/en.2010-1100","pubmedId":"21325051","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"[Neuropsychiatric side effects of intrathecal ziconotide].","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.33588/rn.5201.2010475","pubmedId":"21246497","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Organization of Two Independent Kisspeptin Systems Derived from Evolutionary-Ancient Kiss Genes in the Brain of Zebrafish","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1210/en.2010-0948","pubmedId":"21325050","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Randomized comparison of long-term desmopressin and alarm treatment for bedwetting.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of pediatric urology","publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2010.04.018","pubmedId":"20579938","peptide":{"commonName":"Desmopressin","slug":"desmopressin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptins in Reproductive Biology: Consensus Knowledge and Recent Developments1","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1095/biolreprod.111.091538","pubmedId":"21677307","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Linaclotide, a synthetic guanylate cyclase C agonist, for the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders associated with constipation.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1586/egh.11.30","pubmedId":"21651347","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Comparative insights of the kisspeptin/kisspeptin receptor system: Lessons from non-mammalian vertebrates","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.11.015","pubmedId":"22137912","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Peptidegic stimulation of differentiation of pineal immune cells.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1007/s10517-011-1470-1","pubmedId":"22803057","peptide":{"commonName":"Epitalon","slug":"epitalon"}},{"title":"Primer on pramlintide, an amylin analog.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1177/0145721711403011","pubmedId":"21471470","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Humanin signal for Alzheimer's disease.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.3233/jad-2011-102076","pubmedId":"21335658","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Pseudoleucoderma after injections of afamelanotide in a patient with atopic dermatitis.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.2340/00015555-1062","pubmedId":"21597671","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"Pediatric catheterization laboratory anticoagulation with bivalirudin.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions","publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1002/ccd.22817","pubmedId":"21433272","peptide":{"commonName":"Bivalirudin","slug":"bivalirudin"}},{"title":"Optimized Fmoc solid-phase synthesis of the cysteine-rich peptide linaclotide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1002/bip.21480","pubmedId":"20560145","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin Is Essential for the Full Preovulatory LH Surge and Stimulates GnRH Release from the Isolated Ovine Median Eminence","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1210/en.2010-1225","pubmedId":"21239443","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Neuroendocrine control by kisspeptins: role in metabolic regulation of fertility","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1038/nrendo.2011.147","pubmedId":"21912400","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Pramlintide and the treatment of diabetes: a review of the data since its introduction.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1517/14656566.2011.581663","pubmedId":"21564002","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Expression of metallothionein-I and II in skin ageing and its association with skin proliferation.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The British journal of dermatology","publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10117.x","pubmedId":"21054334","peptide":{"commonName":"Melanotan II","slug":"melanotan-ii"}},{"title":"Randomized trial of leuprolide versus continuous oral contraceptives in the treatment of endometriosis-associated pelvic pain.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Fertility and sterility","publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.01.027","pubmedId":"21300339","peptide":{"commonName":"Leuprolide","slug":"leuprolide"}},{"title":"Expression of inflammation-related genes in mouse spleen under tuftsin analog Selank.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Regulatory peptides","publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1016/j.regpep.2011.05.001","pubmedId":"21609736","peptide":{"commonName":"Selank","slug":"selank"}},{"title":"Physiologic action of glucagon on liver glucose metabolism","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01454.x","pubmedId":"21824265","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"A 6-month depot formulation of leuprolide acetate is safe and effective in daily clinical practice: a non-interventional prospective study in 1273 patients.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"BMC urology","publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1186/1471-2490-11-15","pubmedId":"21801354","peptide":{"commonName":"Leuprolide","slug":"leuprolide"}},{"title":"VSTM2L is a novel secreted antagonist of the neuroprotective peptide Humanin.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1096/fj.10-163535","pubmedId":"21393573","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Two randomized trials of linaclotide for chronic constipation.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa1010863","pubmedId":"21830967","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"A humanin derivative reduces amyloid beta accumulation and ameliorates memory deficit in triple transgenic mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0016259","pubmedId":"21264226","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Cathelicidin LL-37 peptide regulates endothelial cell stiffness and endothelial barrier permeability.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"American journal of physiology. Cell physiology","publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1152/ajpcell.00158.2010","pubmedId":"20943960","peptide":{"commonName":"LL-37","slug":"ll-37"}},{"title":"The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability of linaclotide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1517/17425255.2011.572875","pubmedId":"21446888","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Linaclotide: a novel approach to the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2011,"doi":"10.1345/aph.1q428","pubmedId":"22045908","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Comparison of the post-meal glucose response to different insulin bolus waveforms in insulin pump- and pre-meal pramlintide-treated type 1 diabetes patients.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1089/dia.2009.0096","pubmedId":"20105039","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Neurokinin B and Dynorphin A in Kisspeptin Neurons of the Arcuate Nucleus Participate in Generation of Periodic Oscillation of Neural Activity Driving Pulsatile Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Secretion in the Goat","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.5848-09.2010","pubmedId":"20181609","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Synergistic protective effects of humanin and necrostatin-1 on hypoxia and ischemia/reperfusion injury.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2010.07.080","pubmedId":"20682300","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Actin-sequestering protein, thymosin beta-4, induces paclitaxel resistance through ROS/HIF-1α stabilization in HeLa human cervical tumor cells","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1016/j.lfs.2010.07.002","pubmedId":"20637781","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Characterisation of Arcuate Nucleus Kisspeptin/Neurokinin B Neuronal Projections and Regulation during Lactation in the Rat","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2826.2010.02076.x","pubmedId":"21029216","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Developmental Changes in the Expression of Kisspeptin mRNA in Rat Hypothalamus","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1007/s12031-010-9430-1","pubmedId":"20665248","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Protective effects of [Gly14]-Humanin on beta-amyloid-induced PC12 cell death by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1016/j.neuint.2009.11.015","pubmedId":"19941922","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Identification of Prolactin-Sensitive GABA and Kisspeptin Neurons in Regions of the Rat Hypothalamus Involved in the Control of Fertility","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1210/en.2010-0668","pubmedId":"21177834","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Immunolocalization of humanin in human sperm and testis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.04.075","pubmedId":"20542501","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"The neurosurvival factor Humanin inhibits beta-cell apoptosis via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation and delays and ameliorates diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1016/j.metabol.2009.08.001","pubmedId":"19800083","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Considerations and methodology for trialing ziconotide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.36076/ppj.2010/13/23","pubmedId":"20119460","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Dose accuracy and injection force of disposable pens delivering pramlintide for the treatment of diabetes.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1177/193229681000400618","pubmedId":"21129339","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Ziconotide combination intrathecal therapy: rationale and evidence.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1097/ajp.0b013e3181e017df","pubmedId":"20639730","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Reducing polycystic liver volume in ADPKD: effects of somatostatin analogue octreotide.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN","publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.2215/cjn.05380709","pubmedId":"20185596","peptide":{"commonName":"Octreotide","slug":"octreotide"}},{"title":"Molecule of the month. Linaclotide acetate.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1358/dnp.2010.23.8.1538348","pubmedId":"21031167","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Afamelanotide, an agonistic analog of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, in dermal phototoxicity of erythropoietic protoporphyria.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1517/13543784.2010.535515","pubmedId":"21073357","peptide":{"commonName":"Afamelanotide","slug":"afamelanotide"}},{"title":"Case report: successful treatment of a patient with trigeminal neuropathy using ziconotide.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1213/ane.0b013e3181cfc307","pubmedId":"20142352","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Comparing two different arginine vasopressin doses in advanced vasodilatory shock: a randomized, controlled, open-label trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Intensive care medicine","publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1007/s00134-009-1630-1","pubmedId":"19756505","peptide":{"commonName":"Vasopressin","slug":"vasopressin"}},{"title":"Effect of toll-like receptor activation on thymosin beta-4 production by chicken macrophages.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1007/s11010-010-0528-0","pubmedId":"20614231","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Ziconotide for treatment of severe chronic pain.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60354-6","pubmedId":"20413151","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"The Role of Kisspeptin Signaling in Reproduction","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1152/physiol.00009.2010","pubmedId":"20699467","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"CNSB004 (Leconotide) causes antihyperalgesia without side effects when given intravenously: a comparison with ziconotide in a rat model of diabetic neuropathic pain.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1111/j.1526-4637.2009.00741.x","pubmedId":"20002322","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Population pharmacokinetics of teduglutide following repeated subcutaneous administrations in healthy participants and in patients with short bowel syndrome and Crohn's disease.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1177/0091270009342252","pubmedId":"19773525","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin Cells in the Ewe Brain Respond to Leptin and Communicate with Neuropeptide Y and Proopiomelanocortin Cells","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1210/en.2009-1190","pubmedId":"20207832","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Enhanced weight loss following coadministration of pramlintide with sibutramine or phentermine in a multicenter trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1038/oby.2009.478","pubmedId":"20094043","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Efficacy and harms of the hypoglycemic agent pramlintide in diabetes mellitus.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1370/afm.1174","pubmedId":"21060125","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Effects of lanreotide SR and Autogel on tumor mass in patients with acromegaly: a systematic review.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":"Pituitary","publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1007/s11102-009-0169-z","pubmedId":"19189218","peptide":{"commonName":"Lanreotide","slug":"lanreotide"}},{"title":"Desmopressin improves platelet dysfunction measured by in vitro closure time in uremic patients.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Nephron. Clinical practice","publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1159/000276576","pubmedId":"20090366","peptide":{"commonName":"Desmopressin","slug":"desmopressin"}},{"title":"The role of pramlintide for weight loss.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1345/aph.1m210","pubmedId":"20164472","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"[Recommendations for the management of chronic pain by intrathecal ziconotide].","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"21595155","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin Directly Excites Anorexigenic Proopiomelanocortin Neurons but Inhibits Orexigenic Neuropeptide Y Cells by an Indirect Synaptic Mechanism","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.2098-10.2010","pubmedId":"20668204","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Randomized clinical trial of long-acting somatostatin for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney and liver disease.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN","publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1681/asn.2009121291","pubmedId":"20431041","peptide":{"commonName":"Octreotide","slug":"octreotide"}},{"title":"Safety of pramlintide added to mealtime insulin in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes: a large observational study.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1111/j.1463-1326.2010.01201.x","pubmedId":"20518811","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-2 analog for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, including short bowel syndrome.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"21154171","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Teduglutide, a novel mucosally active analog of glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) for the treatment of moderate to severe Crohn's disease.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1002/ibd.21117","pubmedId":"19821509","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Humanin and the receptors for humanin.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1007/s12035-009-8090-z","pubmedId":"19997871","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Thymosin beta-4 directs cell fate determination of human mesenchymal stem cells through biophysical effects.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1002/jor.20956","pubmedId":"19637215","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Large randomized study of thymosin alpha 1, interferon alfa, or both in combination with dacarbazine in patients with metastatic melanoma.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1200/JCO.2009.25.5208","pubmedId":"20194853","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin alpha-1","slug":"thymosin-alpha-1"}},{"title":"Guanylate cyclase C-mediated antinociceptive effects of linaclotide in rodent models of visceral pain.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2982.2009.01385.x","pubmedId":"19706070","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptins: Bridging energy homeostasis and reproduction","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2010.08.057","pubmedId":"20800054","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Drug-loaded nanoparticles targeted to the colon with polysaccharide hydrogel reduce colitis in a mouse model.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2009.11.003","pubmedId":"19909746","peptide":{"commonName":"KPV","slug":"kpv"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin antagonists: Unraveling the role of kisspeptin in reproductive physiology","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.044","pubmedId":"20858467","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin Regulates Prolactin Release through Hypothalamic Dopaminergic Neurons","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1210/en.2009-1414","pubmedId":"20410200","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin and fertility","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1677/joe-10-0265","pubmedId":"21084385","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Constipation: Linaclotide--a stimulating new drug for chronic constipation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1038/nrgastro.2010.84","pubmedId":"20606631","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"[Experimental optimization of learning and memory processes by selank].","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Eksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia farmakologiia","publicationYear":2010,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"20919548","peptide":{"commonName":"Selank","slug":"selank"}},{"title":"[Gly(14)]-humanin rescues long-term potentiation from amyloid beta protein-induced impairment in the rat hippocampal CA1 region in vivo.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1002/syn.20707","pubmedId":"19768812","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"The kisspeptin system of the human hypothalamus: sexual dimorphism and relationship with gonadotropin‐releasing hormone and neurokinin B neurons","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07239.x","pubmedId":"20529119","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Effects of tesamorelin, a growth hormone-releasing factor, in HIV-infected patients with abdominal fat accumulation: a randomized placebo-controlled trial with a safety extension","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"20101189","peptide":{"commonName":"Tesamorelin","slug":"tesamorelin"}},{"title":"The metabolic actions of glucagon revisited","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1038/nrendo.2010.187","pubmedId":"20957001","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Patient reported outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes on basal insulin randomized to addition of mealtime pramlintide or rapid-acting insulin analogs.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1185/03007991003634759","pubmedId":"20199136","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Efficacy of linaclotide for patients with chronic constipation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2009.12.050","pubmedId":"20045700","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Development of high-fat-diet-induced obesity in female metallothionein-null mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology","publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1096/fj.09-145466","pubmedId":"20219986","peptide":{"commonName":"Melanotan II","slug":"melanotan-ii"}},{"title":"Attenuation of cadmium-induced testicular injury in metallothionein-III null mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Life sciences","publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1016/j.lfs.2010.09.009","pubmedId":"20851133","peptide":{"commonName":"Melanotan II","slug":"melanotan-ii"}},{"title":"Linaclotide is a potent and selective guanylate cyclase C agonist that elicits pharmacological effects locally in the gastrointestinal tract.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1016/j.lfs.2010.03.015","pubmedId":"20307554","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Linaclotide, through activation of guanylate cyclase C, acts locally in the gastrointestinal tract to elicit enhanced intestinal secretion and transit.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.09.019","pubmedId":"20863829","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Linaclotide - a secretagogue and antihyperalgesic agent - what next?","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2982.2009.01465.x","pubmedId":"20377786","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Linaclotide improves abdominal pain and bowel habits in a phase IIb study of patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2010.08.041","pubmedId":"20801122","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Humanin protects neurons against apoptosis induced by Abeta31-35 through suppression of intrinsic pathway.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"20401442","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanins, the neuroprotective and cytoprotective peptides with antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1016/s1734-1140(10)70337-6","pubmedId":"21098860","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanin is expressed in human vascular walls and has a cytoprotective effect against oxidized LDL-induced oxidative stress.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1093/cvr/cvq191","pubmedId":"20562421","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"[Effect of [Gly14]-Humanin on Abeta(25-35)-induced PC12 cell apoptosis].","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"20423647","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Mapping of Kisspeptin Fibres in the Brain of the Pro‐Oestrous Rat","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2826.2010.02053.x","pubmedId":"20673302","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Minireview: Kisspeptin/Neurokinin B/Dynorphin (KNDy) Cells of the Arcuate Nucleus: A Central Node in the Control of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Secretion","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1210/en.2010-0022","pubmedId":"20501670","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Neurokinin B Stimulates GnRH Release in the Male Monkey (Macaca mulatta) and Is Colocalized with Kisspeptin in the Arcuate Nucleus","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1210/en.2010-0223","pubmedId":"20573725","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"[Nootropic and analgesic effects of Semax following different routes of administration].","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Rossiiskii fiziologicheskii zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova","publicationYear":2010,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"21268834","peptide":{"commonName":"Semax","slug":"semax"}},{"title":"Hypothesis: Kisspeptin Mediates Male Hypogonadism in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1159/000299767","pubmedId":"20628262","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Anatomy of the kisspeptin neural network in mammals","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.020","pubmedId":"20858464","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Protection of thymosin beta-4 on corneal endothelial cells from UVB-induced apoptosis.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.4077/cjp.2010.amh091","pubmedId":"21793328","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Interactions between kisspeptin and neurokinin B in the control of GnRH secretion in the female rat","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00517.2010","pubmedId":"21045176","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Acute humanin therapy attenuates myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury in mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1161/atvbaha.110.205997","pubmedId":"20651283","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Timing and completion of puberty in female mice depend on estrogen receptor α-signaling in kisspeptin neurons","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1073/pnas.1012406108","pubmedId":"21149719","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Molecular coevolution of kisspeptins and their receptors from fish to mammals","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05508.x","pubmedId":"20633134","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Are early human chorionic gonadotropin levels after methotrexate therapy a predictor of response in ectopic pregnancy?","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"American journal of obstetrics and gynecology","publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1016/j.ajog.2010.03.022","pubmedId":"20510964","peptide":{"commonName":"Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)","slug":"human-chorionic-gonadotropin"}},{"title":"Structure changes of natively disordered Humanin in the presence of lipid.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.01.012","pubmedId":"20116397","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Actin-sequestering protein, thymosin beta-4, is a novel hypoxia responsive regulator.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2010,"doi":"10.1007/s10585-010-9350-z","pubmedId":"20821256","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Pramlintide lowered glucose excursions and was well-tolerated in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: results from a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.03.012","pubmedId":"19464026","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Review of pramlintide as adjunctive therapy in treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.2147/dddt.s3225","pubmedId":"19920907","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Distribution of Kisspeptin Neurones in the Adult Female Mouse Brain","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2826.2009.01892.x","pubmedId":"19515163","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Molecular Evolution of Multiple Forms of Kisspeptins and GPR54 Receptors in Vertebrates","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1210/en.2008-1679","pubmedId":"19164475","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Long-term intrathecal ziconotide for chronic pain: an open-label study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2008.02.016","pubmedId":"18715748","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Intrathecal ziconotide and baclofen provide pain relief in seven patients with neuropathic pain and spasticity: case reports.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"19156022","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Postnatal Development of an Estradiol-Kisspeptin Positive Feedback Mechanism Implicated in Puberty Onset","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1210/en.2008-1733","pubmedId":"19299459","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Clinical trial simulations in pediatric patients using realistic covariates: application to teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-2 analog in neonates and infants with short-bowel syndrome.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1038/clpt.2009.199","pubmedId":"19847163","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin increases GnRH mRNA expression and secretion in GnRH secreting neuronal cell lines","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1016/j.mce.2009.06.011","pubmedId":"19576263","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Humanin inhibits neuronal cell death by interacting with a cytokine receptor complex or complexes involving CNTF receptor alpha/WSX-1/gp130.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1091/mbc.e09-02-0168","pubmedId":"19386761","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Identification of soluble WSX-1 not as a dominant-negative but as an alternative functional subunit of a receptor for an anti-Alzheimer's disease rescue factor Humanin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.08.095","pubmedId":"19703422","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Psychometric properties of an instrument for assessing treatment satisfaction associated with pramlintide use.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1177/0145721708326989","pubmedId":"19244569","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Pilot safety study of low-dose vasopressin in non-septic critically ill children.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Intensive care medicine","publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1007/s00134-008-1392-1","pubmedId":"19132338","peptide":{"commonName":"Vasopressin","slug":"vasopressin"}},{"title":"Growth hormone and growth hormone secretagogue effects on nitrogen balance and urea synthesis in steroid treated rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2009.01.001","pubmedId":"19231263","peptide":{"commonName":"Ipamorelin","slug":"ipamorelin"}},{"title":"A pilot trial of pramlintide home usage in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1542/peds.2008-3750","pubmedId":"19858155","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Critical Roles of Kisspeptins in Female Puberty and Preovulatory Gonadotropin Surges as Revealed by a Novel Antagonist","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1210/en.2009-0803","pubmedId":"19952274","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"In vitro binding and in vivo biodistribution studies of the neuroprotective peptide humanin using [125I]humanin derivatives.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2009.07.028","pubmedId":"19666070","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Utilization of carbetocin for prevention of postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean section: a randomized clinical trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Archives of gynecology and obstetrics","publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1007/s00404-009-0973-8","pubmedId":"19229549","peptide":{"commonName":"Carbetocin","slug":"carbetocin"}},{"title":"Discovery of Potent Kisspeptin Antagonists Delineate Physiological Mechanisms of Gonadotropin Regulation","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.5740-08.2009","pubmedId":"19321788","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Lanreotide reduces the volume of polycystic liver: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Gastroenterology","publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2009.07.052","pubmedId":"19646443","peptide":{"commonName":"Lanreotide","slug":"lanreotide"}},{"title":"Placebo-controlled, double-blind, prospective, randomized study on the effect of octreotide LAR in the control of tumor growth in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine midgut tumors: a report from the PROMID Study Group.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology","publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1200/jco.2009.22.8510","pubmedId":"19704057","peptide":{"commonName":"Octreotide","slug":"octreotide"}},{"title":"Intrathecal therapy: what has changed with the introduction of ziconotide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1111/j.1533-2500.2009.00308.x","pubmedId":"19740270","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Continuous subcutaneous pramlintide infusion therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes: observations from a pilot study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.4158/ep09044.orr1","pubmedId":"19546056","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Efficacy of ipamorelin, a novel ghrelin mimetic, in a rodent model of postoperative ileus.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1124/jpet.108.149211","pubmedId":"19289567","peptide":{"commonName":"Ipamorelin","slug":"ipamorelin"}},{"title":"Utility of single luteinizing hormone determination 3 h after depot leuprolide in monitoring therapy of gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Pituitary","publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1007/s11102-009-0184-0","pubmedId":"19396631","peptide":{"commonName":"Leuprolide","slug":"leuprolide"}},{"title":"Randomized comparison of pramlintide or mealtime insulin added to basal insulin treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.2337/dc09-0395","pubmedId":"19502544","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Opposing Roles of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 and Humanin in the Regulation of Testicular Germ Cell Apoptosis","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1210/en.2009-0577","pubmedId":"19952275","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Enhanced weight loss with pramlintide/metreleptin: an integrated neurohormonal approach to obesity pharmacotherapy.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1038/oby.2009.184","pubmedId":"19521351","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Evidence for potential functionality of nuclearly-encoded humanin isoforms.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1016/j.ygeno.2009.05.006","pubmedId":"19477263","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Safety and efficacy of intrathecal ziconotide in the management of severe chronic pain.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.2147/tcrm.s4438","pubmedId":"19707262","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Minimal reduction in insulin dosage with pramlintide therapy when pretreatment near-normal glycemia is established and square-wave meal bolus is used.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.4158/ep.15.3.229","pubmedId":"19364691","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Solution state structures of human pancreatic amylin and pramlintide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1093/protein/gzp029","pubmedId":"19596697","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Characteristics of stimulation of gonadotropin secretion by kisspeptin-10 in female goats","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.05.017","pubmedId":"19574004","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis by CJC-1295, a long-acting GHRH analog, results in serum protein profile changes in normal adult subjects.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2009.03.001","pubmedId":"19386527","peptide":{"commonName":"CJC-1295","slug":"cjc-1295"}},{"title":"Reducing postprandial hyperglycemia with adjuvant premeal pramlintide and postmeal insulin in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1111/j.1399-5448.2008.00490.x","pubmedId":"19140902","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Subcutaneous Injection of Kisspeptin-54 Acutely Stimulates Gonadotropin Secretion in Women with Hypothalamic Amenorrhea, But Chronic Administration Causes Tachyphylaxis","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2009-0406","pubmedId":"19820030","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin Signalling in the Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus Regulates GnRH Pulse Generator Frequency in the Rat","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0008334","pubmedId":"20016824","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Pramlintide in pediatric type 1 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.04.065","pubmedId":"19732574","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Intrathecal ziconotide for complex regional pain syndrome: seven case reports.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1111/j.1533-2500.2009.00289.x","pubmedId":"19500276","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 stimulates secretion and synthesis of adrenocorticotropic hormone in mouse pituitary.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Regulatory peptides","publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1016/j.regpep.2009.07.018","pubmedId":"19682503","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-2","slug":"ghrp-2"}},{"title":"Intrathecal ziconotide for neuropathic pain: a review.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1111/j.1533-2500.2009.00303.x","pubmedId":"19682321","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Insulin Signaling in α Cells Modulates Glucagon Secretion In Vivo","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2009.02.007","pubmedId":"19356716","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"The Kisspeptin/Neurokinin B/Dynorphin (KNDy) Cell Population of the Arcuate Nucleus: Sex Differences and Effects of Prenatal Testosterone in Sheep","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1210/en.2009-0541","pubmedId":"19880810","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Cost-effectiveness of ziconotide in intrathecal pain management for severe chronic pain patients in the UK.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1185/03007990903090849","pubmedId":"19563256","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"[Comparison of the effects of selank and tuftsin on the metabolism of serotonin in the brain of rats pretreated with PCPA].","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Eksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia farmakologiia","publicationYear":2009,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"19803361","peptide":{"commonName":"Selank","slug":"selank"}},{"title":"A kisspeptin-10 analog with greater in vivo bioactivity than kisspeptin-10","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00426.2009","pubmedId":"19934405","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin Signaling in the Brain","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1210/er.2009-0005","pubmedId":"19770291","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Vasopressin in pediatric vasodilatory shock: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine","publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1164/rccm.200902-0221oc","pubmedId":"19608718","peptide":{"commonName":"Vasopressin","slug":"vasopressin"}},{"title":"Population pharmacokinetic analysis of lanreotide Autogel in healthy subjects : evidence for injection interval of up to 2 months.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Clinical pharmacokinetics","publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.2165/0003088-200948010-00004","pubmedId":"19071884","peptide":{"commonName":"Lanreotide","slug":"lanreotide"}},{"title":"Humanin structural versatility and interaction with model cerebral cortex membranes.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1021/bi900187s","pubmedId":"19378954","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanin: a novel central regulator of peripheral insulin action.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0006334","pubmedId":"19623253","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanin; a defender against Alzheimer's disease?","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.2174/157488909787002609","pubmedId":"19149712","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Pilot study on the effect of linaclotide in patients with chronic constipation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1038/ajg.2008.59","pubmedId":"19098860","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin induces left ventricular mass in cryptorchid boys.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1515/jpem.2009.22.5.449","pubmedId":"19618664","peptide":{"commonName":"Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)","slug":"human-chorionic-gonadotropin"}},{"title":"Tesamorelin, a human growth hormone releasing factor analogue.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1517/13543780802707658","pubmedId":"19243281","peptide":{"commonName":"Tesamorelin","slug":"tesamorelin"}},{"title":"Intrathecal ziconotide and opioid combination therapy for noncancer pain: an observational study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"19668287","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Regulation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Secretion by Kisspeptin/Dynorphin/Neurokinin B Neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus of the Mouse","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.1569-09.2009","pubmedId":"19776272","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Oestrogen, Kisspeptin, GPR54 and the Pre‐Ovulatory Luteinising Hormone Surge","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2009,"doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2826.2009.01835.x","pubmedId":"19207812","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Using ziconotide for intrathecal infusions.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1097/01.nurse.0000342012.07225.e4","pubmedId":"19033968","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Open-label, multicenter study of combined intrathecal morphine and ziconotide: addition of morphine in patients receiving ziconotide for severe chronic pain.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1111/j.1526-4637.2007.00356.x","pubmedId":"18366508","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Phase II, open-label, multicenter study of combined intrathecal morphine and ziconotide: addition of ziconotide in patients receiving intrathecal morphine for severe chronic pain.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1111/j.1526-4637.2007.00355.x","pubmedId":"18366507","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) analog, following multiple ascending subcutaneous administrations in healthy subjects.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1177/0091270008320605","pubmedId":"18974283","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Dilution and compounding of ziconotide for intrathecal administration.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"23969707","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Teduglutide in intestinal adaptation and repair: light at the end of the tunnel.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1517/13543784.17.6.945","pubmedId":"18491995","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Ziconotide: an update and review.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1517/14656566.9.9.1575","pubmedId":"18518786","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Thymosin beta-4 upregulates anti-oxidative enzymes and protects human cornea epithelial cells against oxidative damage","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1136/bjo.2007.136747","pubmedId":"18480304","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV uptake reduces intestinal inflammation.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2007.10.026","pubmedId":"18061177","peptide":{"commonName":"KPV","slug":"kpv"}},{"title":"Vasopressin versus norepinephrine infusion in patients with septic shock.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The New England journal of medicine","publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa067373","pubmedId":"18305265","peptide":{"commonName":"Vasopressin","slug":"vasopressin"}},{"title":"[Investigation of antihypoxic properties of short peptides].","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"18546825","peptide":{"commonName":"Epitalon","slug":"epitalon"}},{"title":"[Evolution of the stress concept].","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii meditsinskikh nauk","publicationYear":2008,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"19140465","peptide":{"commonName":"Semax","slug":"semax"}},{"title":"Evidence for two distinct KiSS genes in non-placental vertebrates that encode kisspeptins with different gonadotropin-releasing activities in fish and mammals","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1016/j.mce.2008.11.017","pubmedId":"19084576","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Molecular Identification and Functional Characterization of the Kisspeptin/Kisspeptin Receptor System in Lower Vertebrates1","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1095/biolreprod.107.066266","pubmedId":"18509165","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Menopause and the human hypothalamus: Evidence for the role of kisspeptin/neurokinin B neurons in the regulation of estrogen negative feedback","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2008.05.016","pubmedId":"18614256","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Comparison of the effects of peripherally administered kisspeptins","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1016/j.regpep.2008.10.001","pubmedId":"18940206","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Randomized controlled trial comparing somatostatin with octreotide in the prevention of complications after pancreatectomy.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Hepato-gastroenterology","publicationYear":2008,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"19102400","peptide":{"commonName":"Octreotide","slug":"octreotide"}},{"title":"Neuroprotective effect of humanin on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury is mediated by a PI3K/Akt pathway","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2008.06.018","pubmedId":"18590709","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Central and peripheral administration of kisspeptin activates gonadotropin but not somatotropin secretion in prepubertal gilts","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1530/rep-07-0502","pubmedId":"18339687","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF)-1 alpha stabilization by actin-sequestering protein, thymosin beta-4 (TB4) in Hela cervical tumor cells.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1016/j.canlet.2008.01.004","pubmedId":"18272284","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Identification of KiSS-1 Product Kisspeptin and Steroid-Sensitive Sexually Dimorphic Kisspeptin Neurons in Medaka (Oryzias latipes)","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1210/en.2007-1503","pubmedId":"18202129","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Structural and dynamical studies of Humanin in water and TFE/water mixture: a molecular dynamics simulation.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1080/07391102.2008.10507241","pubmedId":"18597547","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"The complex structure transition of Humanin peptides by sodium dodecylsulfate and trifluoroethanol.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.2174/092986608784567555","pubmedId":"18537742","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"The neuroanatomy of the kisspeptin system in the mammalian brain","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2008.09.004","pubmedId":"18840491","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Ectopic pregnancy: diagnosis and management.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Women's health (London, England)","publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.2217/17455057.4.1.79","pubmedId":"19072453","peptide":{"commonName":"Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)","slug":"human-chorionic-gonadotropin"}},{"title":"The multiple T-maze in vivo testing of the neuroprotective effect of humanin analogues","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2008.06.019","pubmedId":"18647630","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Activity-dependent neurotrophic factor, ADNF, determines the structure characteristics of Colivelin, a fusion protein of ADNF9 and Humanin analog.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1002/psc.959","pubmedId":"17994638","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"An Increase in Kisspeptin-54 Release Occurs with the Pubertal Increase in Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone-1 Release in the Stalk-Median Eminence of Female Rhesus Monkeys in Vivo","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1210/en.2008-0231","pubmedId":"18450954","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The role of kisspeptin in the control of gonadotrophin secretion","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1093/humupd/dmn058","pubmedId":"19109311","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The Glucagon Receptor Is Required for the Adaptive Metabolic Response to Fasting","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1016/j.cmet.2008.09.008","pubmedId":"19046568","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Bivalirudin during primary PCI in acute myocardial infarction.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The New England journal of medicine","publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa0708191","pubmedId":"18499566","peptide":{"commonName":"Bivalirudin","slug":"bivalirudin"}},{"title":"GPR54 and Kisspeptins","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1007/400_2007_050","pubmedId":"18193176","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Diabetes distress and its association with clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1089/dia.2008.0031","pubmedId":"19049375","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"From KISS1 to kisspeptins: An historical perspective and suggested nomenclature","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2008.06.016","pubmedId":"18644415","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The kisspeptin (KiSS-1)/GPR54 system in cancer biology","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1016/j.ctrv.2008.05.007","pubmedId":"18583061","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Physiology of the pancreatic α-cell and glucagon secretion: role in glucose homeostasis and diabetes","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1677/joe-08-0290","pubmedId":"18669612","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin–GPR54 Signaling Is Essential for Preovulatory Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neuron Activation and the Luteinizing Hormone Surge","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.1775-08.2008","pubmedId":"18753370","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin Excites Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons through a Phospholipase C/Calcium-Dependent Pathway Regulating Multiple Ion Channels","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1210/en.2008-0321","pubmedId":"18483150","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin Can Stimulate Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Release by a Direct Action at GnRH Nerve Terminals","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1210/en.2007-1487","pubmedId":"18450966","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin and GPR54: Discovery of a Novel Pathway in Reproduction","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2826.2008.01731.x","pubmedId":"18601695","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The human tri-peptide GHK and tissue remodeling.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1163/156856208784909435","pubmedId":"18644225","peptide":{"commonName":"GHK-Cu","slug":"ghk-cu"}},{"title":"Kisspeptins and the control of gonadotropin secretion in male and female rodents","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1016/j.peptides.2008.08.009","pubmedId":"18793689","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Pramlintide reduced markers of oxidative stress in the postprandial period in patients with type 2 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1002/dmrr.765","pubmedId":"17694505","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Pramlintide reduces the risks associated with glucose variability in type 1 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1089/dia.2007.0295","pubmedId":"18715216","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"[Immunomodulatory effects of selank in patients with anxiety-asthenic disorders].","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova","publicationYear":2008,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"18577961","peptide":{"commonName":"Selank","slug":"selank"}},{"title":"Pramlintide in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.2165/0063030-200822060-00004","pubmedId":"18998755","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Pramlintide, the synthetic analogue of amylin: physiology, pathophysiology, and effects on glycemic control, body weight, and selected biomarkers of vascular risk.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.2147/vhrm.s1978","pubmedId":"18561511","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Long-term safety and effects of tesamorelin, a growth hormone-releasing factor analogue, in HIV patients with abdominal fat accumulation.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1097/QAD.0b013e32830a5058","pubmedId":"18690162","peptide":{"commonName":"Tesamorelin","slug":"tesamorelin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin Depolarizes Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons through Activation of TRPC-Like Cationic Channels","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.5352-07.2008","pubmedId":"18434521","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Effect of pramlintide as an adjunct to basal insulin on markers of cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1185/030079908x253537","pubmedId":"18031595","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Statistical evaluation of the chemical stability of ziconotide solutions during simulated intrathecal administration.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2008.01.007","pubmedId":"18538975","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Sustained weight loss following 12-month pramlintide treatment as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention in obesity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.2337/dc08-0029","pubmedId":"18753666","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Clinical experience with the addition of pramlintide in patients with insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.2337/dc07-0641","pubmedId":"17909093","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"A biophysical characterization of the peptide drug pramlintide (AC137) using empirical phase diagrams.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1002/jps.21197","pubmedId":"17879973","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptins and GnRH neuronal signalling","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1016/j.tem.2008.10.005","pubmedId":"19097915","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Salvage of sildenafil failures with bremelanotide: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1016/j.juro.2007.10.063","pubmedId":"18206919","peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"The efficacy and safety of degarelix: a 12-month, comparative, randomized, open-label, parallel-group phase III study in patients with prostate cancer.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"BJU international","publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1111/j.1464-410x.2008.08183.x","pubmedId":"19035858","peptide":{"commonName":"Leuprolide","slug":"leuprolide"}},{"title":"Intrathecal therapy with ziconotide: clinical experience and considerations on its use.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"19034250","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Intrathecal ziconotide for severe chronic pain: safety and tolerability results of an open-label, long-term trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1213/ane.0b013e3181606fad","pubmedId":"18227325","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Continuous Intrathecal Infusion of Ziconotide for Treatment of Chronic Malignant and Nonmalignant Pain Over 12 Months: A Prospective, Open-label Study.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2008,"doi":"10.1111/j.1525-1403.2007.00141.x","pubmedId":"22150990","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Prospective randomized study of oxytocin discontinuation after the active stage of labor is established.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research","publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1111/j.1447-0756.2007.00659.x","pubmedId":"18001445","peptide":{"commonName":"Oxytocin","slug":"oxytocin"}},{"title":"Pramlintide treatment reduces 24-h caloric intake and meal sizes and improves control of eating in obese subjects: a 6-wk translational research study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00217.2007","pubmedId":"17505051","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"The beta-thymosin enigma.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1196/annals.1415.021","pubmedId":"17495248","peptide":{"commonName":"TB-500","slug":"tb-500"}},{"title":"Antioxidant properties of geroprotective peptides of the pineal gland.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1016/j.archger.2007.01.029","pubmedId":"17317455","peptide":{"commonName":"Epitalon","slug":"epitalon"}},{"title":"Haemodynamic effects of oxytocin given as i.v. bolus or infusion on women undergoing Caesarean section.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"British journal of anaesthesia","publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1093/bja/ael302","pubmedId":"17142825","peptide":{"commonName":"Oxytocin","slug":"oxytocin"}},{"title":"Progressive reduction in body weight after treatment with the amylin analog pramlintide in obese subjects: a phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2006-2003","pubmedId":"17504894","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Linaclotide, a new direction in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and chronic constipation.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"17694454","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"The Kisspeptin/Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Pathway and Molecular Signaling of Puberty in Fish1","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1095/biolreprod.107.063420","pubmedId":"17978278","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Metabolic Effects of a Growth Hormone–Releasing Factor in Patients with HIV","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa072375","pubmedId":"18003959","peptide":{"commonName":"Tesamorelin","slug":"tesamorelin"}},{"title":"Successful reduction of neuropathic pain associated with spinal cord injury via of a combination of intrathecal hydromorphone and ziconotide: a case report.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1038/sj.sc.3102027","pubmedId":"17310258","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Effect of 5 days linaclotide on transit and bowel function in females with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1053/j.gastro.2007.06.067","pubmedId":"17854590","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Bremelanotide: an overview of preclinical CNS effects on female sexual function.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1111/j.1743-6109.2007.00610.x","pubmedId":"17958619","peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"A simple diagnostic test using GH-releasing peptide-2 in adult GH deficiency.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"European journal of endocrinology","publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1530/EJE-07-0066","pubmedId":"17609397","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-2","slug":"ghrp-2"}},{"title":"Mapping the specific cytoprotective interaction of humanin with the pro-apoptotic protein bid.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1111/j.1747-0285.2007.00576.x","pubmedId":"17927731","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Effect of adjunctive pramlintide treatment on treatment satisfaction in patients with type 1 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.2337/dc06-1026","pubmedId":"17259483","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"[Ziconotide: an innovative alternative for intense chronic neuropathic pain].","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.33588/rn.4511.2007266","pubmedId":"18050098","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Ziconotide: a review of its pharmacology and use in the treatment of pain.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.2147/nedt.2007.3.1.69","pubmedId":"19300539","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Structure-function relationships and conformational properties of alpha-MSH(6-13) analogues with candidacidal activity.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1111/j.1747-0285.2007.00473.x","pubmedId":"17313459","peptide":{"commonName":"KPV","slug":"kpv"}},{"title":"Pramlintide improved glycemic control and reduced weight in patients with type 2 diabetes using basal insulin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.2337/dc07-0589","pubmedId":"17698615","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes in a clinical practice setting reduced A1C, postprandial glucose excursions, and weight.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1089/dia.2006.0013","pubmedId":"17425446","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Localization of thymosin beta-4 in tumors.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1196/annals.1415.005","pubmedId":"17495241","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Hypertrophy and Increased Kisspeptin Gene Expression in the Hypothalamic Infundibular Nucleus of Postmenopausal Women and Ovariectomized Monkeys","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2007-0553","pubmedId":"17488799","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Intraumbilical vein injection of oxytocin and the third stage of labor: randomized double-blind placebo trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"American journal of perinatology","publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1055/s-2007-981854","pubmedId":"17564955","peptide":{"commonName":"Oxytocin","slug":"oxytocin"}},{"title":"Is pramlintide a safe and effective adjunct therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes?","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1038/ncpendmet0506","pubmedId":"17452962","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Involvement of Anteroventral Periventricular Metastin/Kisspeptin Neurons in Estrogen Positive Feedback Action on Luteinizing Hormone Release in Female Rats","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1262/jrd.18146","pubmedId":"17213691","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Emerging ideas about kisspeptin– GPR54 signaling in the neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1016/j.tins.2007.08.001","pubmedId":"17904653","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"The role of prandial pramlintide in the treatment of adolescents with type 1 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1203/pdr.0b013e318159af8c","pubmedId":"17957149","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Localization of thymosin beta-4 in tumors.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1196/annals.1415.005","pubmedId":"17495241","peptide":{"commonName":"TB-500","slug":"tb-500"}},{"title":"Formation of acylated growth hormone-releasing peptide-6 by poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and its biological activity.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"AAPS PharmSciTech","publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.2307/1266454","pubmedId":"17622118","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-6","slug":"ghrp-6"}},{"title":"Pramlintide acetate injection for the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.04.005","pubmedId":"17617279","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"New frontiers in kisspeptin/GPR54 physiology as fundamental gatekeepers of reproductive function","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1016/j.yfrne.2007.07.002","pubmedId":"17870152","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"ESI-MS study of the mechanism of glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Cu(II) complex transport through model membrane of stratum corneum.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1016/j.talanta.2006.11.034","pubmedId":"19071668","peptide":{"commonName":"GHK-Cu","slug":"ghk-cu"}},{"title":"Low-dose pramlintide reduced food intake and meal duration in healthy, normal-weight subjects.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1038/oby.2007.626","pubmedId":"17495194","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin Is Present in Ovine Hypophysial Portal Blood But Does Not Increase during the Preovulatory Luteinizing Hormone Surge: Evidence that Gonadotropes Are Not Direct Targets of Kisspeptin in Vivo","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1210/en.2007-1425","pubmedId":"18162520","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Chemical stability of ziconotide-clonidine hydrochloride admixtures with and without morphine sulfate during simulated intrathecal administration.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1111/j.1525-1403.2007.00130.x","pubmedId":"22150946","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Characterization of metallothioneins (MT-I and MT-II) in the yak.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of animal science","publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.2527/jas.2006-291","pubmedId":"17121968","peptide":{"commonName":"Melanotan II","slug":"melanotan-ii"}},{"title":"The Role of Kisspeptin–GPR54 Signaling in the Tonic Regulation and Surge Release of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/Luteinizing Hormone","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.2748-07.2007","pubmedId":"17978050","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Therapies for diabetes: pramlintide and exenatide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"17619527","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"The Role of Kisspeptins and GPR54 in the Neuroendocrine Regulation of Reproduction","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1146/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100540","pubmedId":"17988212","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Nonclinical safety of ziconotide: an intrathecal analgesic of a new pharmaceutical class.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1080/10915810701582970","pubmedId":"17963128","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Assessing treatment satisfaction in patients treated with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1185/030079907x210804","pubmedId":"17624233","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin expression in the brain: Catalyst for the initiation of puberty","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1007/s11154-007-9026-4","pubmedId":"17334929","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"beta-Thymosins.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1196/annals.1415.018","pubmedId":"17468232","peptide":{"commonName":"TB-500","slug":"tb-500"}},{"title":"Kisspeptins and the placenta: Regulation of trophoblast invasion","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1007/s11154-007-9030-8","pubmedId":"17351756","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Metastin/Kisspeptin and control of estrous cycle in rats","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1007/s11154-007-9032-6","pubmedId":"17377846","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin: A key link to seasonal breeding","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1007/s11154-007-9031-7","pubmedId":"17380397","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin signalling in the brain: Steroid regulation in the rodent and ewe","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.04.002","pubmedId":"17509691","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptins: a multifunctional peptide system with a role in reproduction, cancer and the cardiovascular system","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1038/sj.bjp.0707295","pubmedId":"17519946","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin Synchronizes Preovulatory Surges in Cyclical Ewes and Causes Ovulation in Seasonally Acyclic Ewes","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1210/en.2007-0554","pubmedId":"17702853","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Direct Pituitary Effects of Kisspeptin: Activation of Gonadotrophs and Somatotrophs and Stimulation of Luteinising Hormone and Growth Hormone Secretion","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2826.2007.01558.x","pubmedId":"17532794","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin Neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus of the Ewe Express Both Dynorphin A and Neurokinin B","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1210/en.2007-0961","pubmedId":"17823266","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Teriparatide or alendronate in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The New England journal of medicine","publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa071408","pubmedId":"18003959","peptide":{"commonName":"Teriparatide","slug":"teriparatide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin Acts Directly and Indirectly to Increase Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neuron Activity and Its Effects Are Modulated by Estradiol","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1210/en.2007-1365","pubmedId":"18162521","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Structural preferences of neuroprotective S14G-humanin peptide analyzed by molecular modeling and circular dichroism.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.2174/092986607780989903","pubmedId":"17627606","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of an oral drug (acetaminophen) administered at various times relative to subcutaneous injection of pramlintide in subjects with type 2 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1177/0091270007300949","pubmedId":"17463219","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"The effects of the melanocortin agonist (MT-II) on subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in rodents.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics","publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1124/jpet.107.123091","pubmedId":"17567964","peptide":{"commonName":"Melanotan II","slug":"melanotan-ii"}},{"title":"[Obesity: a review of currently used antiobesity drugs and new compounds in clinical development].","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"17971763","peptide":{"commonName":"AOD-9604","slug":"aod-9604"}},{"title":"Neuroendocrine factors in the initiation of puberty: The emergent role of kisspeptin","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1007/s11154-007-9028-2","pubmedId":"17340172","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin-54 Stimulates Gonadotropin Release Most Potently during the Preovulatory Phase of the Menstrual Cycle in Women","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2007-1116","pubmedId":"17635940","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Effects of bioactive tetrapeptides on free-radical processes.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1007/s10517-007-0230-8","pubmedId":"18239817","peptide":{"commonName":"Epitalon","slug":"epitalon"}},{"title":"Identification and characterization of thymosin beta-4 in chicken macrophages using whole cell MALDI-TOF.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1196/annals.1415.028","pubmedId":"17947593","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"The Kisspeptin Receptor GPR54 Is Required for Sexual Differentiation of the Brain and Behavior","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.2099-07.2007","pubmedId":"17699664","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Thymosin alpha 1: from bench to bedside.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2007,"doi":"10.1196/annals.1415.044","pubmedId":"17600290","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin alpha-1","slug":"thymosin-alpha-1"}},{"title":"The secondary structure analysis of a potent Ser14Gly analog of antiAlzheimer peptide, Humanin, by circular dichroism.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1002/psc.773","pubmedId":"16835886","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Update in the pharmacologic treatment of diabetes mellitus: focus on pramlintide and exenatide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1177/0145721706294003","pubmedId":"16971704","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Humanin and colivelin: neuronal-death-suppressing peptides for Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1111/j.1527-3458.2006.00113.x","pubmedId":"16958985","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Ziconotide: a new nonopioid intrathecal analgesic for the treatment of chronic pain.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1586/14737175.6.10.1423","pubmedId":"17078783","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Potential role of new therapies in modifying cardiovascular risk in overweight patients with metabolic risk factors.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1038/oby.2006.294","pubmedId":"16931496","peptide":{"commonName":"AOD-9604","slug":"aod-9604"}},{"title":"Prolyl endopeptidase cleaves the apoptosis rescue peptide humanin and exhibits an unknown post-cysteine cleavage specificity.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1007/0-387-32824-6_11","pubmedId":"16700513","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Vasopressin or norepinephrine in early hyperdynamic septic shock: a randomized clinical trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Intensive care medicine","publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1007/s00134-006-0378-0","pubmedId":"17019548","peptide":{"commonName":"Vasopressin","slug":"vasopressin"}},{"title":"Exenatide and pramlintide: new glucose-lowering agents for treating diabetes mellitus.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.3949/ccjm.73.5.477","pubmedId":"16708716","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Pramlintide in the management of insulin-using patients with type 2 and type 1 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.2147/vhrm.2006.2.3.203","pubmedId":"17326327","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Cutaneous vascular reactivity and flow motion response to vasopressin in advanced vasodilatory shock and severe postoperative multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Critical care (London, England)","publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1186/cc4845","pubmedId":"16542484","peptide":{"commonName":"Vasopressin","slug":"vasopressin"}},{"title":"Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into insulin, somatostatin, and glucagon expressing cells","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.01.072","pubmedId":"16460677","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Ziconotide infusion for severe chronic pain: case series of patients with neuropathic pain.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1592/phco.26.3.395","pubmedId":"16503720","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Treatment challenges and complications with ziconotide monotherapy in established pump patients.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"16703976","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2005-1536","pubmedId":"16352683","peptide":{"commonName":"CJC-1295","slug":"cjc-1295"}},{"title":"Efficacy of lanreotide Autogel administered every 4-8 weeks in patients with acromegaly previously responsive to lanreotide microparticles 30 mg: a phase III trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Clinical endocrinology","publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02595.x","pubmedId":"16918950","peptide":{"commonName":"Lanreotide","slug":"lanreotide"}},{"title":"[New medications; ziconotide].","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"17131701","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Evaluation of the effects of topical tripeptide-copper complex and zinc oxide on open-wound healing in rabbits","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":null,"pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"GHK-Cu","slug":"ghk-cu"}},{"title":"Exenatide and pramlintide: new therapies for diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.01219.x","pubmedId":"17109659","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"[Recent progress in neuroprotection of humanin against Alzheimer's disease-relevant neurotoxicity].","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"17262962","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Intrathecal ziconotide for refractory chronic pain.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1345/aph.1g584","pubmedId":"16849624","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Pramlintide in the treatment of diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.01187.x","pubmedId":"17109671","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Growth hormone releasing peptide-6 acts as a survival factor in glutamate-induced excitotoxicity.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of neurochemistry","publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04122.x","pubmedId":"17076656","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-6","slug":"ghrp-6"}},{"title":"Zinc(II) binds to the neuroprotective peptide humanin.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2006.06.002","pubmedId":"16844225","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"An effective treatment of severe complex regional pain syndrome type 1 in a child using high doses of intrathecal ziconotide.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2006.08.002","pubmedId":"17157748","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"An effect on the subjective sexual response in premenopausal women with sexual arousal disorder by bremelanotide (PT-141), a melanocortin receptor agonist.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1111/j.1743-6109.2006.00268.x","pubmedId":"16839319","peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Obesity drugs in clinical development.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"16625817","peptide":{"commonName":"AOD-9604","slug":"aod-9604"}},{"title":"[Comparison of anticoagulant effects of regulatory proline-containing oligopeptides. Specificity of glyprolines, semax, and selank and potential of their practical application].","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Izvestiia Akademii nauk. Seriia biologicheskaia","publicationYear":2006,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"16634437","peptide":{"commonName":"Semax","slug":"semax"}},{"title":"[Evenly tritium-labeled peptides and their in vivo and in vitro biodegradation].","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Bioorganicheskaia khimiia","publicationYear":2006,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"16637290","peptide":{"commonName":"Selank","slug":"selank"}},{"title":"Bremelanotide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"31369224","peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Ontogeny and mechanisms of action for the stimulatory effect of kisspeptin on gonadotropin-releasing hormone system of the rat","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1016/j.mce.2006.07.002","pubmedId":"16930819","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"A role for kisspeptin in islet function","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1007/s00125-006-0343-z","pubmedId":"16826407","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Postnatal Development of Kisspeptin Neurons in Mouse Hypothalamus; Sexual Dimorphism and Projections to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1210/en.2006-0787","pubmedId":"16959837","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Use of Pramlintide: The Patient's Perspective","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1177/0145721706288249","pubmedId":"16751352","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Teduglutide for the treatment of short bowel syndrome.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1345/aph.1g419","pubmedId":"16705029","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Ziconotide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"37247359","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Linaclotide","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"29999932","peptide":{"commonName":"Linaclotide","slug":"linaclotide"}},{"title":"Pulsatile secretion of growth hormone (GH) persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2006-1702","pubmedId":"17018654","peptide":{"commonName":"CJC-1295","slug":"cjc-1295"}},{"title":"Once-daily administration of CJC-1295, a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, normalizes growth in the GHRH knockout mouse.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00201.2006","pubmedId":"16822960","peptide":{"commonName":"CJC-1295","slug":"cjc-1295"}},{"title":"Hypothalamic Expression of KiSS-1 System and Gonadotropin-Releasing Effects of Kisspeptin in Different Reproductive States of the Female Rat","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1210/en.2005-1463","pubmedId":"16527840","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Ziconotide: a new option for refractory pain.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1358/dot.2006.42.6.973534","pubmedId":"16845440","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Pancreatic signals controlling food intake; insulin, glucagon and amylin","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1098/rstb.2006.1858","pubmedId":"16815800","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Regulation of the neuroendocrine reproductive axis by kisspeptin-GPR54 signaling","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1530/rep.1.00368","pubmedId":"16595713","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Humanin expression in skeletal muscles of patients with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1007/s10038-006-0397-2","pubmedId":"16639504","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"KP-102 (growth hormone-releasing peptide-2) attenuates ischemia/reperfusion injury in isolated rat hearts.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology","publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1007/s00210-006-0079-9","pubmedId":"16773386","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-2","slug":"ghrp-2"}},{"title":"Intrathecal ziconotide in the treatment of chronic nonmalignant pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1111/j.1525-1403.2006.00055.x","pubmedId":"22151630","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessing pramlintide treatment in the setting of intensive insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.2337/dc06-0042","pubmedId":"17003291","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of long-acting release octreotide for treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism","publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2006-1105","pubmedId":"16984988","peptide":{"commonName":"Octreotide","slug":"octreotide"}},{"title":"Teduglutide","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"36701512","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Anti-apoptotic factor humanin is expressed in the testis and prevents cell-death in leydig cells during the first wave of spermatogenesis.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1002/jcp.20672","pubmedId":"16619233","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Adjunctive therapy with pramlintide in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1592/phco.26.11.1626","pubmedId":"17064208","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin immunoreactive cells of the ovine preoptic area and arcuate nucleus co-express estrogen receptor alpha","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1016/j.neulet.2006.03.039","pubmedId":"16621281","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Solution structure of Ser14Gly-humanin, a potent rescue factor against neuronal cell death in Alzheimer's disease.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.08.087","pubmedId":"16945331","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"GPR54 and kisspeptin in reproduction","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1093/humupd/dml023","pubmedId":"16731583","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin Mediates the Photoperiodic Control of Reproduction in Hamsters","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2006.07.025","pubmedId":"16950111","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Chronic subcutaneous administration of kisspeptin-54 causes testicular degeneration in adult male rats","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00040.2006","pubmedId":"16787965","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Bivalirudin for patients with acute coronary syndromes.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The New England journal of medicine","publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa062437","pubmedId":"17124018","peptide":{"commonName":"Bivalirudin","slug":"bivalirudin"}},{"title":"Drug evaluation: tesamorelin, a synthetic human growth hormone releasing factor.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"17086939","peptide":{"commonName":"Tesamorelin","slug":"tesamorelin"}},{"title":"Pramlintide","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"other","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"30000033","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"[Identification of the proteins interacting with neuroprotective peptide humanin in a yeast two-hybrid system].","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1134/s1022795406020141","pubmedId":"16583711","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Diabetes basics. Exenatide and pramlintide. New meds on the block.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"16888865","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of intrathecal ziconotide in adults with severe chronic pain.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2005.10.003","pubmedId":"16716870","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Pramlintide: A new tool in diabetes management.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1007/s11892-006-0004-0","pubmedId":"17076994","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Ziconotide--a novel neuron-specific calcium channel blocker for the intrathecal treatment of severe chronic pain--a short review.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.5414/cpp44478","pubmedId":"17063978","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Humanin Is a Novel Neuroprotective Agent Against Stroke","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.1161/01.str.0000242772.94277.1f","pubmedId":"16960089","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Expression of Hypothalamic KiSS-1 System and Rescue of Defective Gonadotropic Responses by Kisspeptin in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Rats","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2006,"doi":"10.2337/db05-1584","pubmedId":"16936210","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Growth hormone-releasing peptide-6 increases insulin-like growth factor-I mRNA levels and activates Akt in RCA-6 cells as a model of neuropeptide Y neurones.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of neuroendocrinology","publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2826.2005.01347.x","pubmedId":"16218998","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-6","slug":"ghrp-6"}},{"title":"Ziconotide: can we use it in palliative care?","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1177/104990910502200510","pubmedId":"16225359","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Effect of pramlintide on satiety and food intake in obese subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1007/s00125-005-1732-4","pubmedId":"15843914","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Effects of pramlintide on postprandial glucose excursions and measures of oxidative stress in patients with type 1 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.2337/diacare.28.3.632","pubmedId":"15735200","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"The effect of pramlintide on hormonal, metabolic or symptomatic responses to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1111/j.1463-1326.2004.00417.x","pubmedId":"16050943","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Properties of pramlintide and insulin upon mixing.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1093/ajhp/62.8.816","pubmedId":"15821274","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Involvement of tyrosine kinases and STAT3 in Humanin-mediated neuroprotection.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1016/j.lfs.2005.03.031","pubmedId":"16005025","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Construction of a eukaryotic expression plasmid of Humanin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1631/jzus.2005.b0011","pubmedId":"15593385","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Octreotide versus octreotide plus interferon-alpha in endocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumors: a randomized trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association","publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1016/s1542-3565(05)00481-7","pubmedId":"16234004","peptide":{"commonName":"Octreotide","slug":"octreotide"}},{"title":"Teriparatide reduces the fracture risk associated with increasing number and severity of osteoporotic fractures.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism","publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2004-0826","pubmedId":"15613428","peptide":{"commonName":"Teriparatide","slug":"teriparatide"}},{"title":"Growth hormone releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2), like ghrelin, increases food intake in healthy men.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism","publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2004-1719","pubmedId":"15699539","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-2","slug":"ghrp-2"}},{"title":"A humanin derivative, S14G‐HN, prevents amyloid‐β‐induced memory impairment in mice","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1002/jnr.20391","pubmedId":"15678515","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Solution structure of humanin, a peptide against Alzheimer's disease-related neurotoxicity.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.01.100","pubmedId":"15721287","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanin detected in skeletal muscles of MELAS patients: a possible new therapeutic agent","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1007/s00401-004-0965-5","pubmedId":"15759134","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"ACTH releasing activity of KP-102 (GHRP-2) in rats is mediated mainly by release of CRF.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology","publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1007/s00210-004-1009-3","pubmedId":"15645295","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-2","slug":"ghrp-2"}},{"title":"Repetitive Activation of Hypothalamic G Protein-Coupled Receptor 54 with Intravenous Pulses of Kisspeptin in the Juvenile Monkey (Macaca mulatta) Elicits a Sustained Train of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Discharges","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1210/en.2005-1261","pubmedId":"16282350","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Humanin Binds and Nullifies Bid Activity by Blocking Its Activation of Bax and Bak","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1074/jbc.m411902200","pubmedId":"15661737","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Exercise-induced metallothionein expression in human skeletal muscle fibres.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Experimental physiology","publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1113/expphysiol.2004.029371","pubmedId":"15640275","peptide":{"commonName":"Melanotan II","slug":"melanotan-ii"}},{"title":"Minireview: Kisspeptin Neurons as Central Processors in the Regulation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Secretion","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1210/en.2005-1282","pubmedId":"16373418","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Changes in Hypothalamic KiSS-1 System and Restoration of Pubertal Activation of the Reproductive Axis by Kisspeptin in Undernutrition","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1210/en.2005-0337","pubmedId":"15932928","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Increased expression of humanin peptide in diffuse-type pigmented villonodular synovitis: implication of its mitochondrial abnormality.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1136/ard.2004.025445","pubmedId":"15567815","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"The role of MT in neurological disorders.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD","publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.3233/jad-2005-8206","pubmedId":"16308482","peptide":{"commonName":"Melanotan II","slug":"melanotan-ii"}},{"title":"Cytoprotective Peptide Humanin Binds and Inhibits Proapoptotic Bcl-2/Bax Family Protein BimEL","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1074/jbc.m413062200","pubmedId":"15661735","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanin delays apoptosis in K562 cells by downregulation of P38 MAP kinase","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1007/s10495-005-1191-x","pubmedId":"16151632","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanin Attenuates Apoptosis Induced by DRPLA Proteins With Expanded Polyglutamine Stretches","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1385/jmn:25:2:165","pubmedId":"15784964","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Ziconotide (Prialt) for chronic pain.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"16331245","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Development of a Femtomolar-Acting Humanin Derivative Named Colivelin by Attaching Activity-Dependent Neurotrophic Factor to Its N Terminus: Characterization of Colivelin-Mediated Neuroprotection against Alzheimer's Disease-Relevant InsultsIn VitroandIn Vivo","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.3348-05.2005","pubmedId":"16267233","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Pramlintide (symlin) for diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"15912124","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin-54 Stimulates the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Gonadal Axis in Human Males","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2005-1468","pubmedId":"16174713","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Gateways to clinical trials.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"15834452","peptide":{"commonName":"AOD-9604","slug":"aod-9604"}},{"title":"Ziconotide, an intrathecally administered N-type calcium channel antagonist for the treatment of chronic pain.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1592/phco.2005.25.8.1084","pubmedId":"16207099","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Pharmacokinetics and population pharmacodynamic analysis of lanreotide Autogel.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Metabolism: clinical and experimental","publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1016/j.metabol.2005.04.014","pubmedId":"16154424","peptide":{"commonName":"Lanreotide","slug":"lanreotide"}},{"title":"Three-dimensional structure of the alpha-MSH-derived candidacidal peptide [Ac-CKPV]2.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1111/j.1399-3011.2005.00265.x","pubmedId":"15946192","peptide":{"commonName":"KPV","slug":"kpv"}},{"title":"Adjunctive therapy with pramlintide lowers HbA1c without concomitant weight gain and increased risk of severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes approaching glycemic targets.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1055/s-2005-837662","pubmedId":"15891954","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"New drugs: exenatide, pramlintide acetate, and micafungin sodium.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1331/1544345054475504","pubmedId":"16128511","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Pramlintide in the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1016/j.clinthera.2005.10.009","pubmedId":"16330288","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Pramlintide acetate.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.2146/ajhp050341","pubmedId":"16278328","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Activation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons by Kisspeptin as a Neuroendocrine Switch for the Onset of Puberty","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.3328-05.2005","pubmedId":"16339030","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin-10-Induced Signaling of GPR54 Negatively Regulates Chemotactic Responses Mediated by CXCR4: a Potential Mechanism for the Metastasis Suppressor Activity of Kisspeptins","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-1757","pubmedId":"16288036","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Teduglutide (ALX-0600), a dipeptidyl peptidase IV resistant glucagon-like peptide 2 analogue, improves intestinal function in short bowel syndrome patients.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1136/gut.2004.061440","pubmedId":"16099790","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"New drugs: tigecycline, ziconotide, and clofarabine.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1331/1544345055001238","pubmedId":"16295652","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Effect of humanin on decreased ATP levels of human lymphocytes harboring A3243G mutant mitochondrial DNA","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1016/j.npep.2004.11.004","pubmedId":"15752543","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin directly stimulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone release via G protein-coupled receptor 54","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1073/pnas.0409330102","pubmedId":"15665093","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Elan: ziconotide review focused on off-label uses.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2005,"doi":"10.1177/104990910502200602","pubmedId":"16323709","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Peptide correction of age-related hormonal dysfunction of the pancreas in monkeys.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1023/b:bebm.0000046946.25425.f5","pubmedId":"15514731","peptide":{"commonName":"Epitalon","slug":"epitalon"}},{"title":"Pharmacological characteristics of KP-102 (GHRP-2), a potent growth hormone-releasing peptide.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Arzneimittel-Forschung","publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1055/s-0031-1297041","pubmedId":"15646370","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-2","slug":"ghrp-2"}},{"title":"Effects of short peptides on lymphocyte chromatin in senile subjects.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1023/b:bebm.0000024393.40560.05","pubmedId":"15085253","peptide":{"commonName":"Epitalon","slug":"epitalon"}},{"title":"Effect of humanin analogues on experimentally induced impairment of spatial memory in rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1002/psc.569","pubmedId":"15526713","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin-10, a KiSS-1/metastin-derived decapeptide, is a physiological invasion inhibitor of primary human trophoblasts","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1242/jcs.00971","pubmedId":"15020672","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Pramlintide for the treatment of insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus: rationale and review of clinical data.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.2165/00003495-200464130-00003","pubmedId":"15212559","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Humanin antagonists: mutants that interfere with dimerization inhibit neuroprotection by Humanin.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1111/j.0953-816x.2004.03298.x","pubmedId":"15128389","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"A Role for Kisspeptins in the Regulation of Gonadotropin Secretion in the Mouse","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1210/en.2004-0431","pubmedId":"15217982","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Humanin: After the Discovery","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1385/mn:30:3:327","pubmedId":"15655255","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Pralmorelin: GHRP 2, GPA 748, growth hormone-releasing peptide 2, KP-102 D, KP-102 LN, KP-102D, KP-102LN.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Drugs in R&D","publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.2165/00126839-200405040-00011","pubmedId":"15230633","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-2","slug":"ghrp-2"}},{"title":"Humanin, a newly identified neuroprotective factor, uses the G protein-coupled formylpeptide receptor-like-1 as a functional receptor.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.4049/jimmunol.172.11.7078","pubmedId":"15153530","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Effect of ghrelin and growth hormone-releasing peptide 6 on septic ileus in mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Neurogastroenterology and motility","publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2982.2004.00564.x","pubmedId":"15305999","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-6","slug":"ghrp-6"}},{"title":"High-yield, solid-phase synthesis of humanin, an Alzheimer's disease associated, novel 24-mer peptide which contains a difficult sequence.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1002/psc.572","pubmedId":"15526712","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Kisspeptin Activation of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Neurons and Regulation of KiSS-1 mRNA in the Male Rat","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1159/000083140","pubmedId":"15665556","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Intrathecal ziconotide for chronic pain.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1001/jama.292.14.1681-b","pubmedId":"15479926","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Reduces Glycemia, Sustains Insulin Levels, and Reduces Glucagon Levels in Type 2 Diabetes","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1210/jc.2003-031907","pubmedId":"15126524","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Effect of pramlintide on symptom, catecholamine, and glucagon responses to hypoglycemia in healthy subjects.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1016/j.metabol.2004.04.010","pubmedId":"15334389","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"A double-blinded, randomized controlled trial of oxytocin at the beginning versus the end of the third stage of labor for prevention of postpartum hemorrhage.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Gynecologic and obstetric investigation","publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1159/000078095","pubmedId":"15103233","peptide":{"commonName":"Oxytocin","slug":"oxytocin"}},{"title":"Thymalfasin (thymosin-alpha 1) therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"15641208","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin alpha-1","slug":"thymosin-alpha-1"}},{"title":"Ziconotide: neuronal calcium channel blocker for treating severe chronic pain.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.2174/0929867043363884","pubmedId":"15578997","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"AOD-9604 Metabolic.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"15134286","peptide":{"commonName":"AOD-9604","slug":"aod-9604"}},{"title":"Selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs induce thymosin beta-4 and alter actin cytoskeletal organization in human colorectal cancer cells.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1124/jpet.104.070664","pubmedId":"15292456","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Amylin replacement with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy improves long-term glycaemic and weight control in Type 1 diabetes mellitus: a 1-year, randomized controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01319.x","pubmedId":"15498087","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Interaction of the spectrin-like repeats of alpha-actinin-4 with humanin peptide.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1007/s10157-004-0322-y","pubmedId":"15619032","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Evidence against a synergistic effect of desmopressin with conditioning in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Journal of pediatrics","publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1016/j.jpeds.2003.12.019","pubmedId":"15001941","peptide":{"commonName":"Desmopressin","slug":"desmopressin"}},{"title":"Central and Peripheral Administration of Kisspeptin‐10 Stimulates the Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Gonadal Axis","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2826.2004.01240.x","pubmedId":"15500545","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"General pharmacology of KP-102 (GHRP-2), a potent growth hormone-releasing peptide.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Arzneimittel-Forschung","publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1055/s-0031-1297042","pubmedId":"15646371","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-2","slug":"ghrp-2"}},{"title":"Pramlintide reduces postprandial glucose excursions when added to insulin lispro in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a dose-timing study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1002/dmrr.419","pubmedId":"14737746","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Teduglutide ([Gly2]GLP-2) protects small intestinal stem cells from radiation damage.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2184.2004.00320.x","pubmedId":"15548172","peptide":{"commonName":"Teduglutide","slug":"teduglutide"}},{"title":"Human chorionic gonadotropin in cancer.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Clinical biochemistry","publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2004.05.008","pubmedId":"15234236","peptide":{"commonName":"Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)","slug":"human-chorionic-gonadotropin"}},{"title":"Effect of pramlintide on weight in overweight and obese insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1038/oby.2004.76","pubmedId":"15090634","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Unravelling the role of Humanin.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1016/j.molmed.2004.01.001","pubmedId":"15106598","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Intrathecal ziconotide for refractory pain.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1517/13543784.13.7.875","pubmedId":"15212625","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"PT-141 Palatin.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"15134289","peptide":{"commonName":"Bremelanotide","slug":"bremelanotide"}},{"title":"Intrathecal ziconotide in the treatment of refractory pain in patients with cancer or AIDS: a randomized controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1001/jama.291.1.63","pubmedId":"14709577","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Peptide promotes overcoming of the division limit in human somatic cell.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1023/b:bebm.0000038164.49947.8c","pubmedId":"15455129","peptide":{"commonName":"Epitalon","slug":"epitalon"}},{"title":"N-Formylated humanin activates both formyl peptide receptor-like 1 and 2","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2004,"doi":"10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.09.046","pubmedId":"15465011","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"A tripartite motif protein TRIM11 binds and destabilizes Humanin, a neuroprotective peptide against Alzheimer's disease‐relevant insults","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02553.x","pubmedId":"12670303","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"A double-blind randomized trial: prophylactic vasopressin reduces hypotension after cardiopulmonary bypass.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Annals of thoracic surgery","publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1016/s0003-4975(02)04408-9","pubmedId":"12645718","peptide":{"commonName":"Vasopressin","slug":"vasopressin"}},{"title":"Humanin peptides block calcium influx of rat hippocampal neurons by altering fibrogenesis of Aβ1–40","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1016/s0196-9781(03)00131-1","pubmedId":"12895653","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Pramlintide: (AC 137, AC 0137, Symlin, Tripro-Amylin).","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.2165/00063030-200317010-00008","pubmedId":"12534323","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Identification of essential amino acids in Humanin, a neuroprotective factor against Alzheimer’s disease-relevant insults","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1016/s0196-9781(03)00106-2","pubmedId":"12860203","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Lower blood glucose, hyperglucagonemia, and pancreatic α cell hyperplasia in glucagon receptor knockout mice","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1073/pnas.0237106100","pubmedId":"12552113","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Addition of pramlintide to insulin therapy lowers HbA1c in conjunction with weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes approaching glycaemic targets.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1046/j.1463-1326.2003.00295.x","pubmedId":"14617226","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"The optimizing action of the synthetic peptide Selank on a conditioned active avoidance reflex in rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Neuroscience and behavioral physiology","publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1023/a:1024444321191","pubmedId":"14552529","peptide":{"commonName":"Selank","slug":"selank"}},{"title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intrathecal ziconotide in chronic pain patients.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1177/0091270003043006008","pubmedId":"12817525","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Interaction between the Alzheimer's survival peptide humanin and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 regulates cell survival and apoptosis","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1073/pnas.2135111100","pubmedId":"14561895","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Glucagon and regulation of glucose metabolism","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00492.2002","pubmedId":"12626323","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Comparative efficacy of triptorelin pamoate and leuprolide acetate in men with advanced prostate cancer.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"BJU international","publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1046/j.1464-410x.2003.04308.x","pubmedId":"12887472","peptide":{"commonName":"Leuprolide","slug":"leuprolide"}},{"title":"New active series of growth hormone secretagogues.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of medicinal chemistry","publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1021/jm020985q","pubmedId":"12646029","peptide":{"commonName":"Hexarelin","slug":"hexarelin"}},{"title":"Two serine residues distinctly regulate the rescue function of Humanin, an inhibiting factor of Alzheimer's disease‐related neurotoxicity: functional potentiation by isomerization and dimerization","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01797.x","pubmedId":"12787071","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Islet β-cell secretion determines glucagon release from neighbouring α-cells","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1038/ncb951","pubmedId":"12640462","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Effect of regulatory peptides on gene transcription.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1023/b:bebm.0000008986.02891.de","pubmedId":"14666197","peptide":{"commonName":"Epitalon","slug":"epitalon"}},{"title":"Intra-arterial vasopressin in the human forearm: pharmacodynamics and the role of nitric oxide.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics","publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1016/s0009-9236(03)00065-1","pubmedId":"12844130","peptide":{"commonName":"Vasopressin","slug":"vasopressin"}},{"title":"Pramlintide for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1345/aph.1c387","pubmedId":"12841822","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Prospective evaluation of human chorionic gonadotropin in the differentiation of undescended testes from retractile testes.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Journal of urology","publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1097/01.ju.0000065823.80051.bb","pubmedId":"12771792","peptide":{"commonName":"Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)","slug":"human-chorionic-gonadotropin"}},{"title":"Humanin improves impaired metabolic activity and prolongs survival of serum-deprived human lymphocytes","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1023/a:1027372519726","pubmedId":"14674685","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Gateways to clinical trials.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"14571286","peptide":{"commonName":"AOD-9604","slug":"aod-9604"}},{"title":"Social support and oxytocin interact to suppress cortisol and subjective responses to psychosocial stress.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Biological psychiatry","publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00465-7","pubmedId":"14675803","peptide":{"commonName":"Oxytocin","slug":"oxytocin"}},{"title":"Impact of pramlintide on glucose fluctuations and postprandial glucose, glucagon, and triglyceride excursions among patients with type 1 diabetes intensively treated with insulin pumps.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.2337/diacare.26.1.1","pubmedId":"12502651","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Humanin rescues human cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells from Aβ‐induced toxicity","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01524.x","pubmedId":"12558989","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"MT-II induces penile erection via brain and spinal mechanisms.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb03166.x","pubmedId":"12851302","peptide":{"commonName":"Melanotan II","slug":"melanotan-ii"}},{"title":"Ex vivo human placental transfer of the peptides pramlintide and exenatide (synthetic exendin-4).","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1191/0960327103ht402oa","pubmedId":"14992323","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Gateways to clinical trials.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"14685303","peptide":{"commonName":"AOD-9604","slug":"aod-9604"}},{"title":"Teriparatide (forteo) for osteoporsis.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Medical letter on drugs and therapeutics","publicationYear":2003,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"12571538","peptide":{"commonName":"Teriparatide","slug":"teriparatide"}},{"title":"Novel alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone peptide analogues with high candidacidal activity.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1021/jm0204338","pubmedId":"12593664","peptide":{"commonName":"KPV","slug":"kpv"}},{"title":"Bivalirudin and provisional glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade compared with heparin and planned glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade during percutaneous coronary intervention: REPLACE-2 randomized trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"JAMA","publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1001/jama.289.7.853","pubmedId":"12588269","peptide":{"commonName":"Bivalirudin","slug":"bivalirudin"}},{"title":"Humanin rescues cortical neurons from prion-peptide-induced apoptosis","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1016/j.mcn.2003.09.017","pubmedId":"14962743","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Humanin peptide suppresses apoptosis by interfering with Bax activation","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1038/nature01627","pubmedId":"12732850","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Effect of pramlintide on A1C and body weight in insulin-treated African Americans and Hispanics with type 2 diabetes: a pooled post hoc analysis.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1016/j.metabol.2003.06.003","pubmedId":"14669170","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Gateways to clinical trials.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"14571286","peptide":{"commonName":"Epitalon","slug":"epitalon"}},{"title":"International Union of Pharmacology. XXXV. The Glucagon Receptor Family","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.1124/pr.55.1.6","pubmedId":"12615957","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy improves long-term glycemic and weight control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 1-year randomized controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.2337/diacare.26.3.784","pubmedId":"12610038","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Pramlintide reduces postprandial glucose excursions when added to regular insulin or insulin lispro in subjects with type 1 diabetes: a dose-timing study.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2003,"doi":"10.2337/diacare.26.11.3074","pubmedId":"14578242","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Intractable delirium associated with ziconotide successfully treated with electroconvulsive therapy.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1176/appi.psy.43.1.63","pubmedId":"11927761","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Anti-diabetogenic effect of the human amylin analogue, pramlintide, in Type 1 diabetes is not mediated by GLP-1.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1046/j.1464-5491.2002.00657_1.x","pubmedId":"12207819","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"A novel rat gene encoding a Humanin-like peptide endowed with broad neuroprotective activity.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1096/fj.02-0018fje","pubmedId":"12154011","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Efficacy of desmopressin in the treatment of nocturia: a double-blind placebo-controlled study in men.","evidenceTier":"phase_3","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"BJU international","publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1046/j.1464-410x.2002.02791.x","pubmedId":"12010228","peptide":{"commonName":"Desmopressin","slug":"desmopressin"}},{"title":"Misoprostol versus low-dose oxytocin for cervical ripening: a prospective, randomized, double-masked trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"American journal of obstetrics and gynecology","publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1067/mob.2002.126202","pubmedId":"12193911","peptide":{"commonName":"Oxytocin","slug":"oxytocin"}},{"title":"A randomized study and open-label extension evaluating the long-term efficacy of pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.2337/diacare.25.4.724","pubmedId":"11919132","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Humanin inhibits cell death of serum-deprived PC12h cells","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1097/00001756-200205070-00034","pubmedId":"11997711","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Adjunctive therapy with the amylin analogue pramlintide leads to a combined improvement in glycemic and weight control in insulin-treated subjects with type 2 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1089/15209150252924094","pubmedId":"12017421","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Evidence for in vivo production of Humanin peptide, a neuroprotective factor against Alzheimer's disease-related insults","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00199-4","pubmedId":"12009529","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Changes in glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors of liver and kidney cytosols after pathologic stress and its regulation in rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1097/00003246-200203000-00022","pubmedId":"11990926","peptide":{"commonName":"KPV","slug":"kpv"}},{"title":"The human amylin analog, pramlintide, reduces postprandial hyperglucagonemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1055/s-2002-34790","pubmedId":"12384827","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"The human amylin analog, pramlintide, corrects postprandial hyperglucagonemia in patients with type 1 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1053/meta.2002.32022","pubmedId":"11979398","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Efficacy of the new long-acting formulation of lanreotide (lanreotide Autogel) in the management of acromegaly.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism","publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1210/jcem.87.1.8153","pubmedId":"11788630","peptide":{"commonName":"Lanreotide","slug":"lanreotide"}},{"title":"A randomised controlled trial of intramuscular syntometrine and intravenous oxytocin in the management of the third stage of labour.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology","publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1111/j.1471-0528.2002.01204.x","pubmedId":"11905429","peptide":{"commonName":"Oxytocin","slug":"oxytocin"}},{"title":"Is pramlintide an adjunct to insulin therapy?","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1089/15209150260007408","pubmedId":"12079622","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Peptides and Ageing.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"12374906","peptide":{"commonName":"Epitalon","slug":"epitalon"}},{"title":"Influence of chronic treatment with the growth hormone secretagogue Ipamorelin, in young female rats: somatotroph response in vitro.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.14670/HH-17.707","pubmedId":"12168778","peptide":{"commonName":"Ipamorelin","slug":"ipamorelin"}},{"title":"[Aging of the pineal gland].","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"12096440","peptide":{"commonName":"Epitalon","slug":"epitalon"}},{"title":"Pramlintide: an agent for glycemic control plus weight control?","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1089/15209150252924102","pubmedId":"12017422","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Evidence for oligomerization of metallothioneins in their functional state.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of chromatography. A","publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1016/s0021-9673(02)01259-1","pubmedId":"12498255","peptide":{"commonName":"Melanotan II","slug":"melanotan-ii"}},{"title":"Expression of metallothionein isoforms in human chorioretinal complex.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Current eye research","publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1076/ceyr.24.1.12.5426","pubmedId":"12187490","peptide":{"commonName":"Melanotan II","slug":"melanotan-ii"}},{"title":"Epithalon decelerates aging and suppresses development of breast adenocarcinomas in transgenic her-2/neu mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1023/a:1021104819170","pubmedId":"12459848","peptide":{"commonName":"Epitalon","slug":"epitalon"}},{"title":"Natural (ghrelin) and synthetic (hexarelin) GH secretagogues stimulate H9c2 cardiomyocyte cell proliferation.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Journal of endocrinology","publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1677/joe.0.1750201","pubmedId":"12379504","peptide":{"commonName":"Hexarelin","slug":"hexarelin"}},{"title":"Effects of pramlintide, an amylin analogue, on gastric emptying in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2982.2002.00311.x","pubmedId":"11975712","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Comparison of leuprolide acetate and triptorelin in assisted reproductive technology cycles: a prospective, randomized study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Fertility and sterility","publicationYear":2002,"doi":"10.1016/s0015-0282(02)04262-0","pubmedId":"12477523","peptide":{"commonName":"Leuprolide","slug":"leuprolide"}},{"title":"Amylin replacement with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a physiological approach toward improved metabolic control.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2001,"doi":"10.2174/1381612013397357","pubmedId":"11472273","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Ziconotide (Elan Pharmaceuticals).","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2001,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"16025393","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Regulation of metallothionein gene expression.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Progress in nucleic acid research and molecular biology","publicationYear":2001,"doi":"10.1016/s0079-6603(00)66034-8","pubmedId":"11051769","peptide":{"commonName":"Melanotan II","slug":"melanotan-ii"}},{"title":"The effects of human GH and its lipolytic fragment (AOD9604) on lipid metabolism following chronic treatment in obese mice and beta(3)-AR knock-out mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2001,"doi":"10.1210/endo.142.12.8522","pubmedId":"11713213","peptide":{"commonName":"AOD-9604","slug":"aod-9604"}},{"title":"The growth hormone secretagogue ipamorelin counteracts glucocorticoid-induced decrease in bone formation of adult rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2001,"doi":"10.1054/ghir.2001.0239","pubmedId":"11735244","peptide":{"commonName":"Ipamorelin","slug":"ipamorelin"}},{"title":"The Metastasis Suppressor Gene KiSS-1 Encodes Kisspeptins, the Natural Ligands of the Orphan G Protein-coupled Receptor GPR54","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2001,"doi":"10.1074/jbc.m104847200","pubmedId":"11457843","peptide":{"commonName":"Kisspeptin","slug":"kisspeptin"}},{"title":"Thymosin alpha-1.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2001,"doi":"10.1093/ajhp/58.10.886","pubmedId":"11381492","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin alpha-1","slug":"thymosin-alpha-1"}},{"title":"Growth hormone (GH)-independent stimulation of adiposity by GH secretagogues.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2001,"doi":"10.1006/bbrc.2000.4065","pubmedId":"11162489","peptide":{"commonName":"Ipamorelin","slug":"ipamorelin"}},{"title":"[Changes in aldosterone binding activity of kidney cytosol after stress in rats and the regulation].","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2001,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"11833422","peptide":{"commonName":"KPV","slug":"kpv"}},{"title":"Randomized double-blind study evaluating the efficacy on uterine fibroids shrinkage and on intra-operative blood loss of different length of leuprolide acetate depot treatment before myomectomy.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica","publicationYear":2001,"doi":"10.1034/j.1600-0412.2001.801014.x","pubmedId":"11580742","peptide":{"commonName":"Leuprolide","slug":"leuprolide"}},{"title":"Hexarelin protects H9c2 cardiomyocytes from doxorubicin-induced cell death.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Endocrine","publicationYear":2001,"doi":"10.1385/ENDO:14:1:113","pubmedId":"11322493","peptide":{"commonName":"Hexarelin","slug":"hexarelin"}},{"title":"Pramlintide (Amylin).","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2001,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"11763160","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Increase of fat oxidation and weight loss in obese mice caused by chronic treatment with human growth hormone or a modified C-terminal fragment.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2001,"doi":"10.1038/sj.ijo.0801740","pubmedId":"11673763","peptide":{"commonName":"AOD-9604","slug":"aod-9604"}},{"title":"Characterization of melanocortin NDP-MSH agonist peptide fragments at the mouse central and peripheral melanocortin receptors.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2001,"doi":"10.1021/jm010061n","pubmedId":"11405661","peptide":{"commonName":"KPV","slug":"kpv"}},{"title":"Conformational analysis of tripeptide Ac-Lys-Pro-Val-NH2, COOH-terminal sequence of alpha-MSH.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2001,"doi":"10.1211/0022357011776360","pubmedId":"11480545","peptide":{"commonName":"KPV","slug":"kpv"}},{"title":"Tissue-specific effects of peptides.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2001,"doi":"10.1023/a:1013058701974","pubmedId":"11713572","peptide":{"commonName":"Epitalon","slug":"epitalon"}},{"title":"Hexarelin--evaluation of factors influencing oral bioavailability and ways to improve absorption.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology","publicationYear":2001,"doi":"10.1211/0022357011776540","pubmedId":"11578108","peptide":{"commonName":"Hexarelin","slug":"hexarelin"}},{"title":"Vasopressin versus epinephrine for inhospital cardiac arrest: a randomised controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Lancet (London, England)","publicationYear":2001,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(01)05328-4","pubmedId":"11463411","peptide":{"commonName":"Vasopressin","slug":"vasopressin"}},{"title":"Detailed Characterization of Neuroprotection by a Rescue Factor Humanin against Various Alzheimer's Disease-Relevant Insults","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2001,"doi":"10.1523/jneurosci.21-23-09235.2001","pubmedId":"11717357","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Desmopressin usage in elective cardiac surgery.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Journal of cardiovascular surgery","publicationYear":2001,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"11698939","peptide":{"commonName":"Desmopressin","slug":"desmopressin"}},{"title":"Pramlintide: FDA wants more.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2001,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"11710342","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"[Gly(14)]-Humanin improved the learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine in vivo.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2001,"doi":"10.1038/sj.bjp.0704429","pubmedId":"11739234","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Effects of a novel glucagon receptor antagonist (Bay 27-9955) on glucagon-stimulated glucose production in humans","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2001,"doi":"10.1007/s001250100006","pubmedId":"11719833","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Long-term intrathecal ziconotide therapy: a case study and discussion.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2001,"doi":"10.1046/j.1525-1403.2001.00121.x","pubmedId":"22151657","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Mechanisms of Neuroprotection by a Novel Rescue Factor Humanin from Swedish Mutant Amyloid Precursor Protein","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2001,"doi":"10.1006/bbrc.2001.4765","pubmedId":"11327724","peptide":{"commonName":"Humanin","slug":"humanin"}},{"title":"Interactions of intrathecally administered ziconotide, a selective blocker of neuronal N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels, with morphine on nociception in rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00214-6","pubmedId":"10666532","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Kinetics and disposition of hexarelin, a peptidic growth hormone secretagogue, in rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals","publicationYear":2000,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"10611139","peptide":{"commonName":"Hexarelin","slug":"hexarelin"}},{"title":"The hexapeptide KP-102 (D-ala-D-beta-Nal-ala-trp-D-phe-lys-NH(2)) stimulates growth hormone release in a cichlid fish (Ooreochromis mossambicus).","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Journal of endocrinology","publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1677/joe.0.167r007","pubmedId":"11115782","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-2","slug":"ghrp-2"}},{"title":"Radiation exposure does not alter metallothionein III isoform expression in mouse brain.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Biological trace element research","publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1385/BTER:74:1:23","pubmedId":"11049197","peptide":{"commonName":"Melanotan II","slug":"melanotan-ii"}},{"title":"Cytoprotection by metallothionein against gastroduodenal mucosal injury caused by ethanol in mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology","publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1038/labinvest.3780041","pubmedId":"10744072","peptide":{"commonName":"Melanotan II","slug":"melanotan-ii"}},{"title":"Bioavailability of Ziconotide in brain: influx from blood, stability, and diffusion.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1016/s0196-9781(00)00175-3","pubmedId":"10822104","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Adult insulin- and glucagon-producing cells differentiate from two independent cell lineages","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1242/dev.127.11.2317","pubmedId":"10804174","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Lack of Suppression of Glucagon Contributes to Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus1","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1210/jcem.85.11.6993","pubmedId":"11095432","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Effects of intrathecal administration of ziconotide, a selective neuronal N-type calcium channel blocker, on mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia in a rat model of postoperative pain.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00197-9","pubmedId":"10666519","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Effect of pineal tetrapeptide on antioxidant defense in Drosophila melanogaster.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1007/BF02439268","pubmedId":"10977918","peptide":{"commonName":"Epitalon","slug":"epitalon"}},{"title":"The tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ stimulates matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression by fibroblast cultures.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1016/s0024-3205(00)00803-1","pubmedId":"11045606","peptide":{"commonName":"GHK-Cu","slug":"ghk-cu"}},{"title":"Expression of glycosaminoglycans and small proteoglycans in wounds: modulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu(2+).","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00166.x","pubmedId":"11121126","peptide":{"commonName":"GHK-Cu","slug":"ghk-cu"}},{"title":"The Origin and Function of the Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP)/Glucagon Superfamily*","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1210/edrv.21.6.0414","pubmedId":"11133067","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"An evaluation of intrathecal ziconotide for the treatment of chronic pain.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1517/13543784.9.10.2403","pubmedId":"11060815","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Pramlintide, an amylin analog, selectively delays gastric emptying: potential role of vagal inhibition.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1152/ajpgi.2000.278.6.g946","pubmedId":"10859225","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Pramlintide injection drug product robustness studies.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1208/pt010208","pubmedId":"14727841","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Ziconotide for the treatment of severe spasticity after spinal cord injury.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00255-9","pubmedId":"10692630","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Orthogonal HPLC methods for quantitating related substances and degradation products of pramlintide.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1208/pt010106","pubmedId":"14727855","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Kinetics of pramlintide degradation in aqueous solution as a function of temperature and pH.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1208/pt010207","pubmedId":"14727840","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Ziconotide, a new N-type calcium channel blocker, administered intrathecally for acute postoperative pain.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1016/s1098-7339(00)90010-5","pubmedId":"10834782","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Metabolic studies of a synthetic lipolytic domain (AOD9604) of human growth hormone.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1159/000053183","pubmedId":"11146367","peptide":{"commonName":"AOD-9604","slug":"aod-9604"}},{"title":"Improvement in mitochondrial dysfunction as a new surrogate efficiency measure for preclinical trials: dose-response and time-window profiles for administration of the calcium channel blocker Ziconotide in experimental brain injury.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.3171/jns.2000.93.5.0829","pubmedId":"11059665","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Comparison of octreotide acetate LAR and lanreotide SR in patients with acromegaly.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Clinical endocrinology","publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2265.2000.01134.x","pubmedId":"11106918","peptide":{"commonName":"Lanreotide","slug":"lanreotide"}},{"title":"Neurobehavioral protection by the neuronal calcium channel blocker ziconotide in a model of traumatic diffuse brain injury in rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.3171/jns.2000.93.5.0821","pubmedId":"11059664","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Adverse effects associated with the intrathecal administration of ziconotide.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2000,"doi":"10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00254-7","pubmedId":"10692631","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Octreotide in acute bleeding esophageal varices: a prospective randomized study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Hepato-gastroenterology","publicationYear":2000,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"11100339","peptide":{"commonName":"Octreotide","slug":"octreotide"}},{"title":"Isolation and identification of cyclic imide and deamidation products in heat stressed pramlintide injection drug product.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1999,"doi":"10.1016/s0731-7085(99)00075-8","pubmedId":"10701984","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Effects of an N-type calcium channel antagonist (SNX 111; Ziconotide) on calcium-45 accumulation following fluid-percussion injury.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1999,"doi":"10.1089/neu.1999.16.879","pubmedId":"10547097","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"The neuroprotective effects of intrathecal administration of the selective N-type calcium channel blocker ziconotide in a rat model of spinal ischemia.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1999,"doi":"10.1016/s0741-5214(99)70145-x","pubmedId":"10436454","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Desmopressin in the treatment of nocturnal polyuria in the male.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"BJU international","publicationYear":1999,"doi":"10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.00125.x","pubmedId":"10444118","peptide":{"commonName":"Desmopressin","slug":"desmopressin"}},{"title":"Growth hormone in obesity.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity","publicationYear":1999,"doi":"10.1038/sj.ijo.0800807","pubmedId":"10193871","peptide":{"commonName":"Hexarelin","slug":"hexarelin"}},{"title":"Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of ipamorelin, a growth hormone releasing peptide, in human volunteers.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1999,"doi":"10.1023/a:1018955126402","pubmedId":"10496658","peptide":{"commonName":"Ipamorelin","slug":"ipamorelin"}},{"title":"Octreotide acetate long-acting formulation versus open-label subcutaneous octreotide acetate in malignant carcinoid syndrome.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology","publicationYear":1999,"doi":"10.1200/jco.1999.17.2.600","pubmedId":"10080605","peptide":{"commonName":"Octreotide","slug":"octreotide"}},{"title":"Hexarelin as a test of pituitary reserve in patients with pituitary disease.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Clinical endocrinology","publicationYear":1999,"doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2265.1999.00828.x","pubmedId":"10469018","peptide":{"commonName":"Hexarelin","slug":"hexarelin"}},{"title":"Ipamorelin, a new growth-hormone-releasing peptide, induces longitudinal bone growth in rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1999,"doi":"10.1054/ghir.1999.9998","pubmedId":"10373343","peptide":{"commonName":"Ipamorelin","slug":"ipamorelin"}},{"title":"Ziconotide. CI 1009, SNX 111.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1999,"doi":"10.2165/00126839-199901010-00019","pubmedId":"10565986","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"USAN Council. List No. 419. New names. Pramlintide acetate.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1999,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"10576958","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"The amylin analog pramlintide improves glycemic control and reduces postprandial glucagon concentrations in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1999,"doi":"10.1016/s0026-0495(99)90232-9","pubmedId":"10421239","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"The effect of pramlintide (amylin analogue) treatment on bone metabolism and bone density in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1999,"doi":"10.1055/s-2007-978777","pubmedId":"10494873","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Effects of growth hormone-releasing peptide-6 on the nocturnal secretion of GH, ACTH and cortisol and on the sleep EEG in man: role of routes of administration.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of neuroendocrinology","publicationYear":1999,"doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2826.1999.00364.x","pubmedId":"10336729","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-6","slug":"ghrp-6"}},{"title":"Pramlintide. AC 137, ACO 137, Normylin, Symlin, Tripro-amylin.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1999,"doi":"10.2165/00126839-199902020-00010","pubmedId":"10820656","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"The effect of chronic hexarelin administration on the pituitary-adrenal axis and prolactin.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Clinical endocrinology","publicationYear":1999,"doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2265.1999.00609.x","pubmedId":"10341859","peptide":{"commonName":"Hexarelin","slug":"hexarelin"}},{"title":"Structure-function studies on the cyclic peptide MT-II, lactam derivative of alpha-melanotropin.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Peptides","publicationYear":1999,"doi":"10.1016/s0196-9781(99)00048-0","pubmedId":"10447101","peptide":{"commonName":"Melanotan II","slug":"melanotan-ii"}},{"title":"Preoperative treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin in infancy decreases the severity of proximal hypospadias and chordee.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Journal of urology","publicationYear":1999,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"10492232","peptide":{"commonName":"Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)","slug":"human-chorionic-gonadotropin"}},{"title":"USAN Council. List No.421. New names. Ziconotide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1999,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"10610271","peptide":{"commonName":"Ziconotide","slug":"ziconotide"}},{"title":"Desmopressin resistant enuresis: pathogenetic and therapeutic considerations.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Journal of urology","publicationYear":1999,"doi":"10.1016/s0022-5347(05)68142-6","pubmedId":"10569604","peptide":{"commonName":"Desmopressin","slug":"desmopressin"}},{"title":"Effects of the amylin analogue pramlintide on hepatic glucagon responses and intermediary metabolism in Type 1 diabetic subjects.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1999,"doi":"10.1046/j.1464-5491.1999.00162.x","pubmedId":"10547215","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Randomized, double-masked comparison of oxytocin dosage in induction and augmentation of labor.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Obstetrics and gynecology","publicationYear":1999,"doi":"10.1016/s0029-7844(99)00338-5","pubmedId":"10472877","peptide":{"commonName":"Oxytocin","slug":"oxytocin"}},{"title":"Growth hormone (GH)-releasing peptide-6 requires endogenous hypothalamic GH-releasing hormone for maximal GH stimulation.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism","publicationYear":1998,"doi":"10.1210/jcem.83.4.4711","pubmedId":"9543138","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-6","slug":"ghrp-6"}},{"title":"[Effects of pramlintide, an analog of amylin, on the regulation of glycemia].","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"systematic_review_or_meta_analysis","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1998,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"9773629","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Pramlintide, a synthetic analog of human amylin, improves the metabolic profile of patients with type 2 diabetes using insulin. The Pramlintide in Type 2 Diabetes Group.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1998,"doi":"10.2337/diacare.21.6.987","pubmedId":"9614619","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Solution structures of the melanocyte-stimulating hormones by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and dynamical simulated-annealing calculations.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1998,"doi":"10.1046/j.1432-1327.1998.2570031.x","pubmedId":"9799099","peptide":{"commonName":"KPV","slug":"kpv"}},{"title":"Pharmacokinetic evaluation of ipamorelin and other peptidyl growth hormone secretagogues with emphasis on nasal absorption.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1998,"doi":"10.1080/004982598238976","pubmedId":"9879640","peptide":{"commonName":"Ipamorelin","slug":"ipamorelin"}},{"title":"The effect of single doses of pramlintide on gastric emptying of two meals in men with IDDM.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1998,"doi":"10.1007/s001250050949","pubmedId":"9628276","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Nephrectomy decreases amylin and pramlintide clearance in rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1998,"doi":"10.1055/s-2007-978923","pubmedId":"9761382","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Does desensitization to hexarelin occur?","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society","publicationYear":1998,"doi":"10.1016/s1096-6374(98)80039-7","pubmedId":"10990150","peptide":{"commonName":"Hexarelin","slug":"hexarelin"}},{"title":"Isolation and identification of peptide degradation products of heat stressed pramlintide injection drug product.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1998,"doi":"10.1023/a:1011934829263","pubmedId":"9587964","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1998,"doi":"10.1530/eje.0.1390552","pubmedId":"9849822","peptide":{"commonName":"Ipamorelin","slug":"ipamorelin"}},{"title":"Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"European journal of endocrinology","publicationYear":1998,"doi":"10.1530/eje.0.1390552","pubmedId":"9849822","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-2","slug":"ghrp-2"}},{"title":"Leuprolide acetate depot and hormonal add-back in endometriosis: a 12-month study. Lupron Add-Back Study Group.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Obstetrics and gynecology","publicationYear":1998,"doi":"10.1016/s0029-7844(97)00620-0","pubmedId":"9464714","peptide":{"commonName":"Leuprolide","slug":"leuprolide"}},{"title":"Relation between abrupt vessel closure and the anticoagulant response to heparin or bivalirudin during coronary angioplasty.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The American journal of cardiology","publicationYear":1998,"doi":"10.1016/s0002-9149(98)00760-7","pubmedId":"9809892","peptide":{"commonName":"Bivalirudin","slug":"bivalirudin"}},{"title":"Effects of 4 weeks' administration of pramlintide, a human amylin analogue, on glycaemia control in patients with IDDM: effects on plasma glucose profiles and serum fructosamine concentrations.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.1007/s001250050821","pubmedId":"9389419","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Growth hormone-releasing peptides.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"European journal of endocrinology","publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.1530/eje.0.1360445","pubmedId":"9186261","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-2","slug":"ghrp-2"}},{"title":"Effects of pramlintide, an analog of human amylin, on plasma glucose profiles in patients with IDDM: results of a multicenter trial.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.2337/diab.46.4.632","pubmedId":"9075803","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Pramlintide: a human amylin analogue reduced postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.1002/(sici)1096-9136(199707)14:7<547::aid-dia390>3.0.co;2-u","pubmedId":"9223392","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Influence of endogenous cholinergic tone and growth hormone-releasing peptide-6 on exercise induced growth hormone release.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Clinical endocrinology","publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2265.1997.1080919.x","pubmedId":"9135702","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-6","slug":"ghrp-6"}},{"title":"BPC 157's effect on healing.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.1016/s0928-4257(97)89480-6","pubmedId":"9403790","peptide":{"commonName":"BPC-157","slug":"bpc-157"}},{"title":"Primary gonadotropin releasing hormone and adjunctive human chorionic gonadotropin treatment in cryptorchidism: a clinical trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Urology","publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.1016/S0090-4295(96)00359-7","pubmedId":"9000196","peptide":{"commonName":"Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)","slug":"human-chorionic-gonadotropin"}},{"title":"Amylin and glycaemic regulation: a possible role for the human amylin analogue pramlintide.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.1002/(sici)1096-9136(199706)14:2+<s35::aid-dia402>3.3.co;2-#","pubmedId":"9212328","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Growth hormone responses to GH-releasing peptide (GHRP-6) in hypothyroidism.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Clinical endocrinology","publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2265.1997.1270942.x","pubmedId":"9156038","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-6","slug":"ghrp-6"}},{"title":"Thymosin beta 4 stimulates directional migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.1096/fasebj.11.6.9194528","pubmedId":"9194528","peptide":{"commonName":"TB-500","slug":"tb-500"}},{"title":"A randomized, controlled trial of octreotide in the management of patients with acute pancreatitis.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"International journal of pancreatology : official journal of the International Association of Pancreatology","publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.1007/bf02785915","pubmedId":"9127169","peptide":{"commonName":"Octreotide","slug":"octreotide"}},{"title":"USAN Council. List No.392. New names. Pramlintide.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.1016/s0009-9236(97)90208-3","pubmedId":"9147903","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Amylin's pramlintide best of bad bunch of diabetes drugs.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.1038/nbt1097-935","pubmedId":"9335036","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Effects of Amylin and the Amylin Agonist Pramlintide on Glucose Metabolism","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.1002/(sici)1096-9136(199706)14:2+<s19::aid-dia400>3.0.co;2-4","pubmedId":"9212325","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Pax6 is required for differentiation of glucagon-producing α-cells in mouse pancreas","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.1038/387406a0","pubmedId":"9163426","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Infusion of pramlintide, a human amylin analogue, delays gastric emptying in men with IDDM.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1997,"doi":"10.1007/s001250050646","pubmedId":"9028722","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Characterizations of the unusual dissociation properties of melanotropin peptides from the melanocortin receptor, hMC1R.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1996,"doi":"10.1021/jm950407s","pubmedId":"8558511","peptide":{"commonName":"KPV","slug":"kpv"}},{"title":"Pituitary responsiveness to GH-releasing hormone, GH-releasing peptide-2 and thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in critical illness.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Clinical endocrinology","publicationYear":1996,"doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2265.1996.00805.x","pubmedId":"8949573","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-2","slug":"ghrp-2"}},{"title":"Induction of labor compared with expectant management for prelabor rupture of the membranes at term. TERMPROM Study Group.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The New England journal of medicine","publicationYear":1996,"doi":"10.1056/nejm199604183341601","pubmedId":"8598837","peptide":{"commonName":"Oxytocin","slug":"oxytocin"}},{"title":"A randomized comparison of vasopressin and tourniquet as hemostatic agents during myomectomy.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Obstetrics and gynecology","publicationYear":1996,"doi":"10.1016/0029-7844(96)00071-3","pubmedId":"8649682","peptide":{"commonName":"Vasopressin","slug":"vasopressin"}},{"title":"Effect of 14 days' subcutaneous administration of the human amylin analogue, pramlintide (AC137), on an intravenous insulin challenge and response to a standard liquid meal in patients with IDDM.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1996,"doi":"10.1007/bf00400683","pubmedId":"8778001","peptide":{"commonName":"Pramlintide","slug":"pramlintide"}},{"title":"Hexarelin-induced growth hormone, cortisol, and prolactin release: a dose-response study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism","publicationYear":1996,"doi":"10.1210/jcem.81.12.8954038","pubmedId":"8954038","peptide":{"commonName":"Hexarelin","slug":"hexarelin"}},{"title":"Thymosin alpha 1 does not promote growth or oncogenic transformation.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1996,"doi":"10.1016/0192-0561(96)00032-x","pubmedId":"8933211","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin alpha-1","slug":"thymosin-alpha-1"}},{"title":"Growth hormone releasing hexapeptide-6 (GHRP-6) test in the diagnosis of GH-deficiency.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","publicationYear":1996,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"8887178","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-6","slug":"ghrp-6"}},{"title":"Truncation studies of alpha-melanotropin peptides identify tripeptide analogues exhibiting prolonged agonist bioactivity.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1996,"doi":"10.1016/0196-9781(96)00141-6","pubmedId":"8899819","peptide":{"commonName":"KPV","slug":"kpv"}},{"title":"Response to desmopressin as a function of urine osmolality in the treatment of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis: a double-blind prospective study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Journal of urology","publicationYear":1995,"doi":"10.1097/00005392-199508000-00112","pubmedId":"7609170","peptide":{"commonName":"Desmopressin","slug":"desmopressin"}},{"title":"Prediction of early pregnancy outcomes.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics","publicationYear":1995,"doi":"10.1016/0020-7292(95)80005-w","pubmedId":"8582515","peptide":{"commonName":"Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)","slug":"human-chorionic-gonadotropin"}},{"title":"The impact of continuous subcutaneous infusion of octreotide on gallstone formation in acromegalic patients.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism","publicationYear":1995,"doi":"10.1210/jcem.80.11.7593435","pubmedId":"7593435","peptide":{"commonName":"Octreotide","slug":"octreotide"}},{"title":"Effects of the tripeptide glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper complex on osteoblastic cell spreading, attachment and phenotype.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1995,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"8747089","peptide":{"commonName":"GHK-Cu","slug":"ghk-cu"}},{"title":"Growth hormone releasing peptide (GHRP-6) stimulates phosphatidylinositol (PI) turnover in human pituitary somatotroph cells.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of molecular endocrinology","publicationYear":1995,"doi":"10.1677/jme.0.0140135","pubmedId":"7772238","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-6","slug":"ghrp-6"}},{"title":"Intracerebroventricular growth-hormone-releasing peptide-6 stimulates eating without affecting plasma growth hormone responses in rats.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Life sciences","publicationYear":1995,"doi":"10.1016/0024-3205(95)00087-9","pubmedId":"8614257","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-6","slug":"ghrp-6"}},{"title":"Growth hormone-releasing peptide-6 stimulates sleep, growth hormone, ACTH and cortisol release in normal man.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Neuroendocrinology","publicationYear":1995,"doi":"10.1159/000126883","pubmedId":"7617137","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-6","slug":"ghrp-6"}},{"title":"Metallothionein induction in neonatal rat primary astrocyte cultures protects against methylmercury cytotoxicity.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of neurochemistry","publicationYear":1995,"doi":"10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65041562.x","pubmedId":"7561850","peptide":{"commonName":"Melanotan II","slug":"melanotan-ii"}},{"title":"Immunotherapy with natural interleukins and/or thymosin alpha 1 potently augments T-lymphocyte responses of hydrocortisone-treated aged mice.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1995,"doi":"10.1016/0192-0561(95)00069-e","pubmedId":"8707447","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin alpha-1","slug":"thymosin-alpha-1"}},{"title":"Absence of a dose-response effect of leuprolide acetate on leiomyomata uteri size.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Fertility and sterility","publicationYear":1994,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"8194611","peptide":{"commonName":"Leuprolide","slug":"leuprolide"}},{"title":"Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist use before hysterectomy.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"American journal of obstetrics and gynecology","publicationYear":1994,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"8203435","peptide":{"commonName":"Leuprolide","slug":"leuprolide"}},{"title":"Elevated second-trimester human chorionic gonadotropin levels in association with poor pregnancy outcome.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"American journal of obstetrics and gynecology","publicationYear":1994,"doi":"10.1016/0002-9378(94)90030-2","pubmedId":"7524322","peptide":{"commonName":"Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)","slug":"human-chorionic-gonadotropin"}},{"title":"Induction of labor with pulsatile oxytocin by a computer-controlled pump.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"American journal of obstetrics and gynecology","publicationYear":1994,"doi":"10.1016/s0002-9378(94)70236-5","pubmedId":"8116721","peptide":{"commonName":"Oxytocin","slug":"oxytocin"}},{"title":"Binding of anti-inflammatory alpha-melanocyte-stimulating-hormone peptides and proinflammatory cytokines to receptors on melanoma cells.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1994,"doi":"10.1159/000097145","pubmedId":"7489322","peptide":{"commonName":"KPV","slug":"kpv"}},{"title":"Antiinflammatory influences of alpha-MSH molecules: central neurogenic and peripheral actions.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1994,"doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-04-02377.1994","pubmedId":"8158274","peptide":{"commonName":"KPV","slug":"kpv"}},{"title":"Expression cloning and signaling properties of the rat glucagon receptor","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1993,"doi":"10.1126/science.8384375","pubmedId":"8384375","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"In vivo stimulation of connective tissue accumulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ in rat experimental wounds.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1993,"doi":"10.1172/JCI116842","pubmedId":"8227353","peptide":{"commonName":"GHK-Cu","slug":"ghk-cu"}},{"title":"Ectopic pregnancy.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology","publicationYear":1993,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"8329648","peptide":{"commonName":"Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)","slug":"human-chorionic-gonadotropin"}},{"title":"GH releasing peptides--structure and kinetics.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Journal of pediatric endocrinology","publicationYear":1993,"doi":"10.1515/jpem.1993.6.1.21","pubmedId":"8374685","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-2","slug":"ghrp-2"}},{"title":"Role of leuprolide acetate depot in hysteroscopic surgery: a controlled study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Fertility and sterility","publicationYear":1993,"doi":"10.1016/s0015-0282(16)55790-2","pubmedId":"8458448","peptide":{"commonName":"Leuprolide","slug":"leuprolide"}},{"title":"GH releasing peptides--structure and kinetics.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The Journal of pediatric endocrinology","publicationYear":1993,"doi":"10.1515/jpem.1993.6.1.21","pubmedId":"8374685","peptide":{"commonName":"GHRP-6","slug":"ghrp-6"}},{"title":"Peripheral analgesic activities of peptides related to alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone and interleukin-1 beta 193-195.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1992,"doi":"10.1111/j.1476-5381.1992.tb14361.x","pubmedId":"1327383","peptide":{"commonName":"KPV","slug":"kpv"}},{"title":"Octreotide treatment of acromegaly. A randomized, multicenter study.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Annals of internal medicine","publicationYear":1992,"doi":"10.7326/0003-4819-117-9-711","pubmedId":"1416572","peptide":{"commonName":"Octreotide","slug":"octreotide"}},{"title":"Stimulation of sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesis by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1992,"doi":"10.1016/0024-3205(92)90504-i","pubmedId":"1522753","peptide":{"commonName":"GHK-Cu","slug":"ghk-cu"}},{"title":"Expression of thymosin beta-4 and related genes in developing human brain","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1992,"doi":"10.1007/bf02919408","pubmedId":"1627460","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Nuclear targeting of prothymosin alpha.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1991,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"1899869","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin alpha-1","slug":"thymosin-alpha-1"}},{"title":"Design of potent linear alpha-melanotropin 4-10 analogues modified in positions 5 and 10.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1989,"doi":"10.1021/jm00121a032","pubmedId":"2535874","peptide":{"commonName":"KPV","slug":"kpv"}},{"title":"Localization of immunoreactive thymosin alpha 1 in astrocytes of normal human brain.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1989,"doi":"10.1002/ana.410260216","pubmedId":"2774514","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin alpha-1","slug":"thymosin-alpha-1"}},{"title":"A controlled trial of leuprolide with and without flutamide in prostatic carcinoma.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"The New England journal of medicine","publicationYear":1989,"doi":"10.1056/nejm198908173210702","pubmedId":"2503724","peptide":{"commonName":"Leuprolide","slug":"leuprolide"}},{"title":"Possibility of HIV gp41 and thymosin beta-4 sharing the same antigenic epitope","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1989,"doi":"10.1097/00002030-198905000-00013","pubmedId":"2475143","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin beta-4","slug":"thymosin-beta-4"}},{"title":"Glucose-inhibition of glucagon secretion involves activation of GABAA-receptor chloride channels","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1989,"doi":"10.1038/341233a0","pubmedId":"2550826","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Glucagon gene expression in vertebrate brain.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1988,"doi":"10.1016/s0021-9258(18)68261-4","pubmedId":"2901414","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Stimulation of collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1988,"doi":"10.1016/0014-5793(88)80509-x","pubmedId":"3169264","peptide":{"commonName":"GHK-Cu","slug":"ghk-cu"}},{"title":"1-Desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (desmopressin) decreases operative blood loss in patients having Harrington rod spinal fusion surgery. A randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Annals of internal medicine","publicationYear":1987,"doi":"10.7326/0003-4819-107-4-446","pubmedId":"3631784","peptide":{"commonName":"Desmopressin","slug":"desmopressin"}},{"title":"Prothymosin alpha in human blood.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1987,"doi":"10.1073/pnas.84.13.4465","pubmedId":"3474615","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin alpha-1","slug":"thymosin-alpha-1"}},{"title":"Activation of two signal-transduction systems in hepatocytes by glucagon","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1986,"doi":"10.1038/323068a0","pubmedId":"3018586","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Single-dose pharmacokinetics of leuprolide in humans following intravenous and subcutaneous administration.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Journal of pharmaceutical sciences","publicationYear":1986,"doi":"10.1002/jps.2600750211","pubmedId":"3083092","peptide":{"commonName":"Leuprolide","slug":"leuprolide"}},{"title":"Glucagon physiology and pathophysiology in the light of new advances","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1985,"doi":"10.1007/bf00281991","pubmedId":"3902546","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Thymosin beta 4.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1985,"doi":"10.1016/s0076-6879(85)16018-0","pubmedId":"4088087","peptide":{"commonName":"TB-500","slug":"tb-500"}},{"title":"The promoting effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on tendon healing involves tendon outgrowth, cell survival, and cell migration.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1985,"doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00945.2010","pubmedId":"21030672","peptide":{"commonName":"BPC-157","slug":"bpc-157"}},{"title":"Receptors for thymosin alpha 1 on mouse thymocytes.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1985,"doi":"10.1016/0008-8749(85)90051-6","pubmedId":"3882244","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin alpha-1","slug":"thymosin-alpha-1"}},{"title":"Thymosin beta 4-like peptides.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1985,"doi":"10.1016/s0076-6879(85)16020-9","pubmedId":"4088088","peptide":{"commonName":"TB-500","slug":"tb-500"}},{"title":"Insulin within islets is a physiologic glucagon release inhibitor.","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1984,"doi":"10.1172/jci111658","pubmedId":"6392344","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Human metallothionein MT-I and MT-II processed genes.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Gene","publicationYear":1984,"doi":"10.1016/0378-1119(84)90204-x","pubmedId":"6526271","peptide":{"commonName":"Melanotan II","slug":"melanotan-ii"}},{"title":"Cyclic melanotropins. 5. Importance of the C-terminal tripeptide (Lys-Pro-Val).","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1984,"doi":"10.1021/jm00375a018","pubmedId":"6332195","peptide":{"commonName":"KPV","slug":"kpv"}},{"title":"Regulation, linkage, and sequence of mouse metallothionein I and II genes.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Molecular and cellular biology","publicationYear":1984,"doi":"10.1128/mcb.4.7.1221-1230.1984","pubmedId":"6095054","peptide":{"commonName":"Melanotan II","slug":"melanotan-ii"}},{"title":"Controlled trial of vasopressin and balloon tamponade in bleeding esophageal varices.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)","publicationYear":1984,"doi":"10.1002/hep.1840040515","pubmedId":"6383998","peptide":{"commonName":"Vasopressin","slug":"vasopressin"}},{"title":"Hamster preproglucagon contains the sequence of glucagon and two related peptides","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1983,"doi":"10.1038/302716a0","pubmedId":"6835407","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Conformation of glucagon in a lipid-water interphase by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1983,"doi":"10.1016/s0022-2836(83)80143-0","pubmedId":"6631957","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Thymosin alpha 1 restores NK-cell activity and prevents tumor progression in mice immunosuppressed by cytostatics or X-rays.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1983,"doi":"10.1007/BF00199694","pubmedId":"6553515","peptide":{"commonName":"Thymosin alpha-1","slug":"thymosin-alpha-1"}},{"title":"Largomycin: preparation, properties, and structure.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1982,"doi":"10.1021/bi00263a037","pubmedId":"7138848","peptide":{"commonName":"KPV","slug":"kpv"}},{"title":"[half-Cys4,half-Cys10]-alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone: a cyclic alpha-melanotropin exhibiting superagonist biological activity.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1982,"doi":"10.1073/pnas.79.6.1751","pubmedId":"6281785","peptide":{"commonName":"KPV","slug":"kpv"}},{"title":"Clinical utility of human chorionic gonadotropin and alpha-subunit measurements.","evidenceTier":"observational","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Obstetrics and gynecology","publicationYear":1982,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"6283446","peptide":{"commonName":"Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)","slug":"human-chorionic-gonadotropin"}},{"title":"Glucagon and the a Cell","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1981,"doi":"10.1056/nejm198106183042504","pubmedId":"7015132","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Growth-modulating plasma tripeptide may function by facilitating copper uptake into cells","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1980,"doi":"10.1038/288715a0","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"GHK-Cu","slug":"ghk-cu"}},{"title":"Breast-feeding and plasma oxytocin concentrations.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"British medical journal","publicationYear":1980,"doi":"10.1136/bmj.281.6244.834","pubmedId":"7191754","peptide":{"commonName":"Oxytocin","slug":"oxytocin"}},{"title":"Role of Glucagon, Catecholamines, and Growth Hormone in Human Glucose Counterregulation","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1979,"doi":"10.1172/jci109464","pubmedId":"36413","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Melanotropic peptides: presence in brain of normal and hypophysectomized rats, and subcellularly localized in synaptosomes.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1979,"doi":"10.1002/jnr.490040208","pubmedId":"229237","peptide":{"commonName":"KPV","slug":"kpv"}},{"title":"C-peptide Response to Glucagon: A Test for the Residual β-cell Function in Diabetes Mellitus","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1977,"doi":"10.2337/diab.26.7.605","pubmedId":"326604","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"EFFECTS OF INSULIN, GLUCAGON, AND INSULIN/GLUCAGON INFUSIONS ON LIVER MORPHOLOGY AND CELL DIVISION AFTER COMPLETE PORTACAVAL SHUNT IN DOGS","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1976,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(76)90477-3","pubmedId":"56646","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Regulation of Pancreatic Insulin and Glucagon Secretion","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1976,"doi":"10.1146/annurev.ph.38.030176.002033","pubmedId":"769657","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"INSULIN, GLUCAGON, AMINOACID IMBALANCE, AND HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1976,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(76)90541-9","pubmedId":"62115","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Physiology and pathophysiology of glucagon","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1976,"doi":"10.1152/physrev.1976.56.4.778","pubmedId":"185634","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Regulation of hepatic regeneration in rats by synergistic action of insulin and glucagon.","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1975,"doi":"10.1073/pnas.72.3.1157","pubmedId":"1055372","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"THE ESSENTIAL ROLE OF GLUCAGON IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF DIABETES MELLITUS","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1975,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(75)92375-2","pubmedId":"46337","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Intraarterial vasopressin in the treatment of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage: a prospective, controlled clinical trial.","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":"Gastroenterology","publicationYear":1975,"doi":null,"pubmedId":"803910","peptide":{"commonName":"Vasopressin","slug":"vasopressin"}},{"title":"X-ray analysis of glucagon and its relationship to receptor binding","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1975,"doi":"10.1038/257751a0","pubmedId":"171582","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Glucagon: Role in the Hyperglycemia of Diabetes Mellitus","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1975,"doi":"10.1126/science.1089999","pubmedId":"1089999","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Glucagon and plasma catecholamine responses to graded and prolonged exercise in man","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1975,"doi":"10.1152/jappl.1975.38.1.70","pubmedId":"1110246","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Lack of Glucagon Response to Hypoglycemia in Diabetes: Evidence for an Intrinsic Pancreatic Alpha Cell Defect","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1973,"doi":"10.1126/science.182.4108.171","pubmedId":"4581053","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Tripeptide in human serum which prolongs survival of normal liver cells and stimulates growth in neoplastic liver","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1973,"doi":"10.1038/243085a0","pubmedId":null,"peptide":{"commonName":"GHK-Cu","slug":"ghk-cu"}},{"title":"Glucagon-stimulating activity of 20 amino acids in dogs","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1972,"doi":"10.1172/jci107046","pubmedId":"4639019","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Isolation from Porcine‐Intestinal Wall of a Vasoactive Octacosapeptide Related to Secretin and to Glucagon","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1972,"doi":"10.1111/j.1432-1033.1972.tb01903.x","pubmedId":"5069712","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Glucagon and the Insulin:Glucagon Ratio in Diabetes and Other Catabolic Illnesses","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1971,"doi":"10.2337/diab.20.12.834","pubmedId":"5120326","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"The Glucagon-sensitive Adenyl Cyclase System in Plasma Membranes of Rat Liver","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1971,"doi":"10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62390-7","pubmedId":"4926550","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Effect of hypothalamic stimulation on plasma glucose, insulin, and glucagon levels","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1971,"doi":"10.1152/ajplegacy.1971.221.6.1596","pubmedId":"4941906","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"The Glucagon-sensitive Adenyl Cyclase System in Plasma Membranes of Rat Liver","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1971,"doi":"10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62389-0","pubmedId":"4993962","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"The Glucagon-sensitive Adenyl Cyclase System in Plasma Membranes of Rat Liver","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1971,"doi":"10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62388-9","pubmedId":"4323237","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Glucagon Physiology and Pathophysiology","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1971,"doi":"10.1056/nejm197108192850806","pubmedId":"4997492","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"The Glucagon-sensitive Adenyl Cyclase System in Plasma Membranes of Rat Liver","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1971,"doi":"10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62386-5","pubmedId":"4993961","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"The Glucagon-sensitive Adenyl Cyclase System in Plasma Membranes of Rat Liver","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1971,"doi":"10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62032-0","pubmedId":"4328442","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"The effect of experimental insulin deficiency on glucagon secretion","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1971,"doi":"10.1172/jci106691","pubmedId":"4935445","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Radioimmunological determination of pancreatic and gut glucagon in plasma","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1971,"doi":"10.1007/bf02346248","pubmedId":"5313395","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Glucagon levels and metabolic effects in fasting man","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1970,"doi":"10.1172/jci106445","pubmedId":"5480852","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Pancreatic Glucagon Secretion in Normal and Diabetic Subjects","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1969,"doi":"10.1097/00000441-196906000-00008","pubmedId":"4893149","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Wick Chromatography for Rapid and Reliable Immunoassay of Insulin, Glucagon and Growth Hormone","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1968,"doi":"10.1038/219193b0","pubmedId":"5659651","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Cardiovascular Effects of Glucagon in Man","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1968,"doi":"10.1056/nejm196807042790103","pubmedId":"4872564","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Glucagon","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1968,"doi":"10.1161/01.res.22.6.789","pubmedId":"5659816","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Cardiac Actions of Glucagon","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1968,"doi":"10.1161/01.res.22.6.777","pubmedId":"4385510","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"The Effects of Secretin, Pancreozymin, and Gastrin on Insulin and Glucagon Secretion in Anesthetized Dogs *","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1967,"doi":"10.1172/jci105565","pubmedId":"4290022","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"INFLUENCE OF GLUCAGON, AN INDUCER OF CELLULAR AUTOPHAGY, ON SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF RAT LIVER LYSOSOMES","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1967,"doi":"10.1083/jcb.33.2.437","pubmedId":"4292315","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"PARTICIPATION OF LYSOSOMES IN CELLULAR AUTOPHAGY INDUCED IN RAT LIVER BY GLUCAGON","evidenceTier":"animal","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1967,"doi":"10.1083/jcb.35.2.c11","pubmedId":"6055998","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Interrelationship of Glucagon, Insulin and Glucose: The Insulinogenic Effect of Glucagon","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1966,"doi":"10.2337/diab.15.12.855","pubmedId":"5957476","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"A Glucagon-Secreting Alpha-Cell Carcinoma of the Pancreas","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1966,"doi":"10.1056/nejm196606232742503","pubmedId":"4286757","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"PROMOTION OF INSULIN SECRETION BY GLUCAGON","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1965,"doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(65)90761-0","pubmedId":"14346763","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"THE EFFECTS OF TOTAL STARVATION UPON THE LEVELS OF CIRCULATING GLUCAGON AND INSULIN IN MAN*","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1963,"doi":"10.1172/jci104788","pubmedId":"13995385","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"GLUCAGON ANTIBODIES AND AN IMMUNOASSAY FOR GLUCAGON*","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1961,"doi":"10.1172/jci104357","pubmedId":"13779204","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Effect of Glucagon on the Metabolism of Adipose Tissue","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1961,"doi":"10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64236-x","pubmedId":"13710494","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"STUDIES ON THE PHARMACOLOGY OF GLUCAGON","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1960,"doi":"10.1016/s0022-3565(25)25785-8","pubmedId":"13821530","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"Glucagon Antibodies and Their Use for Immunoassay for Glucagon.","evidenceTier":"laboratory","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1959,"doi":"10.3181/00379727-102-25338","pubmedId":"13840405","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"THE RELATIONSHIP OF EPINEPHRINE AND GLUCAGON TO LIVER PHOSPHORYLASE","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1957,"doi":"10.1016/s0021-9258(18)65045-8","pubmedId":"13398422","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"THE RELATIONSHIP OF EPINEPHRINE AND GLUCAGON TO LIVER PHOSPHORYLASE","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1956,"doi":"10.1016/s0021-9258(18)65910-1","pubmedId":"13278354","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"THE RELATIONSHIP OF EPINEPHRINE AND GLUCAGON TO LIVER PHOSPHORYLASE","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1956,"doi":"10.1016/s0021-9258(18)65911-3","pubmedId":"13278355","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"THE RELATIONSHIP OF EPINEPHRINE AND GLUCAGON TO LIVER PHOSPHORYLASE","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1956,"doi":"10.1016/s0021-9258(18)65909-5","pubmedId":"13278353","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}},{"title":"PURIFICATION AND CRYSTALLIZATION OF GLUCAGON","evidenceTier":"insufficient","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":1955,"doi":"10.1016/s0021-9258(18)70910-1","pubmedId":"14381399","peptide":{"commonName":"Glucagon","slug":"glucagon"}}]}